{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1958\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Williams%2C+Morley+Jeffers%2C+1886-1977","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1958\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Williams%2C+Morley+Jeffers%2C+1886-1977\u0026page=1"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":10,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"vimtvl_repositories_4_resources_49","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Historical Photograph Collection, 1850/2010","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vimtvl_repositories_4_resources_49#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vimtvl_repositories_4_resources_49#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Historical Photograph Collection is largely comprised of materials created by or for the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association. Some of the earliest photographs of the estate were created and sold to visitors by the Association as a means of income. Those efforts helped to establish an important collection of 19th century views. The collection spans the 1850s to 2000s and includes over 140 linear feet of analog material providing a visual history of the Mansion, outbuildings, tombs, grounds, events, visitors, collection objects, personnel, and changes throughout the estate.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vimtvl_repositories_4_resources_49#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vimtvl_repositories_4_resources_49","ead_ssi":"vimtvl_repositories_4_resources_49","_root_":"vimtvl_repositories_4_resources_49","_nest_parent_":"vimtvl_repositories_4_resources_49","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/MV/repositories_4_resources_49.xml","title_ssm":["Historical Photograph Collection"],"title_tesim":["Historical Photograph Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1850-2010"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1850-2010"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1850/2010"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Historical Photograph Collection, 1850/2010"],"text":["Historical Photograph Collection, 1850/2010","HPC","/repositories/4/resources/49","This collection is open for research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. The library reserves the right to restrict access to certain items for preservation purposes.","The Historical Photograph Collection is an artifical collection organized in functional order. Items are first arranged by subject and then subsequently by media format and size.","Items in this collection were either created by or under contract by the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association or acquired by gift and purchase from various sources. Materials are added to the collection as they are acquired. For additional information please contact the Manager of Visual Resources.","The Historical Photograph Collection is largely comprised of materials created by or for the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association. Some of the earliest photographs of the estate were created and sold to visitors by the Association as a means of income. Those efforts helped to establish an important collection of 19th century views. The collection spans the 1850s to 2000s and includes over 140 linear feet of analog material providing a visual history of the Mansion, outbuildings, tombs, grounds, events, visitors, collection objects, personnel, and changes throughout the estate.","Photo Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union","Detroit Publishing Co.","Commercial Photo Co.","Henry's Camera Center","Brown Brothers (New York, N.Y.)","Library of Congress","Wayne Studio and Photographic Color Laboratories","United States. Forest Service","F. W. Van Zile Popular Tours","United States. Federal Highway Administration","Associates' Photography and News Service","Washington star-news (Washington, D.C.) (1852-1981)","Kadel \u0026 Herbert News Service (New York)","Wide World Photos, inc.","Hart, Schaffner \u0026 Marx","Davis, Wick, Rosengarten Company, Inc.","Sunday Group Editorial Service","Sunday Sun Magazine","Smithsonian American Art Museum","Grand Army of the Republic","Washington Photo Co. (1900s)","Judd \u0026 Detweiler","Central News Photo Service","Bain News Service","National Pictorial News","American Legion","National Photo Company","Warner Bros. Pictures (1923-1967)","Boy Scouts of America","International News Photos (New York, N.Y.)","National Broadcast Company","Rembrandt Studios, Inc.","Freemasons. Alexandria-Washington Lodge, No. 22 (Alexandria, Va.)","Washington Times-Herald","Acme Newspictures (New York, N.Y.)","U. S. Army Signal Corps","United States Information Agency","Carl Byoir \u0026 Associates","Republic Aviation Corporation","White House (Washington, D.C.)","Frick Art Reference Library (New York)","Corcoran Gallery of Art","Allen \u0026 Horton","Wenderoth, Taylor \u0026 Brown","Boude \u0026 Miley Photographers","Bell \u0026 Bro. (Washington, D.C.)","Currier \u0026 Ives","Whitehurst Gallery (Washington, D.C.)","Seeley \u0026 Murphy","R. F. Field \u0026 Co.","American Stereoscopic Company","Langenheim, Loyd \u0026 Co.","E. \u0026 H.T. Anthony (Firm)","London Stereoscopic Company","Underwood \u0026 Underwood","H.C. White Co.","Berry, Kelley \u0026 Chadwick","American Colortype Company","Kilburn Brothers","International View Co.","Stereo-Travel Co.","R. Newell \u0026 Son","Centennial Photographic Co.","Rudolph Lesch Fine Arts, Inc.","Young People's Christian Union (Founded 1893)","Israel \u0026 Riddle. Stephen Israel","H. E. Hoyt \u0026 Co.","Beck Engraving Company","McIntosh Stereopticon Co.","Williams, Brown \u0026 Earle","Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences","A. D. Handy, Stereopticons and Supplies (Boston, Ma)","Soule Art Company","Washington and Lee University","American Museum of Natural History (New York)","New York (State) Education Department. Division of visual instruction.","L. Manasse, Lantern Slides (Chicago)","Pennsylvania. State Museum (Harrisburg, PA)","Fisher, Robert B.","Dunlop, James R.","Leet Bros.","Abbott, Harold T.","Chamberlain, Samuel V., 1895-1975","Johnston, Frances Benjamin, 1864-1952","Dillon, Luke C., 1836-1904","Gardner, Alexander, 1821-1882","Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","Rowe, Abbie, 1905-1967","Meek, James W.","Harris \u0026 Ewing","Brady, Mathew B., approximately 1823-1896","Penrose, Henry K.","Louden, Orren R.","Trowbridge, Raymond W., 1886-1936","Johnson, N. G.  (Newton G.)","Parker, Edmund, 1827-1898","Bushrod, Thomas, 1825-1902","Jarvis, J. F.  (John Fillis), 1849-1931","Glocker, Charles Peyton","Glocker, Marietta Rodgers Cooper, 1845-1920","Davis, V. C.","Simms, Charles","Graham, Albert Belmont, 1868-1960","Woltz, Lewis P.","Baker, Reid S.","Laverty, H.J.","Lossing, Benson John, 1813-1891","Bailey, Worth, 1908-1980","Sprouse, Edith Moore","Lehman, Harry","Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Dodge, Harrison Howell, 1852-1937","Petitt, Arthur","Grimsley, Norman","Doughton, Page","Kennedy, George","Hatch","Webster, John Wallace","Grimsley, Norman, 1890-1976","Maxey, Mary Frances Campbell","Cragg, Esther Thomas, 1900-1966","Ritter, H.H.","Hillers, J.K.","Gibbs, Edward C., 1893-1963","Gibbs, Francis T.","Loeb, Morris, 1878-1969","Neitzey, Wilfred Henry, 1895-1988","Wernle, Albert","Vandenberg, Arthur H., Senator, 1884-1951","Washington, George, 1732-1799","Battle, John Stewart, 1890-1972","Harkness, Hope Hodgman Powel, 1889-1974","Tarr, Irene Haley, 1898-1988","Furness, Anna Ramsey, 1876-1964","Isham, Elizabeth Totten","Tyler, Constance Ellen, 1911-1963","Burdick, Alison Ward, 1912-2007","Lamont, Elinor Miner, 1901-1972","Sullivan, Priscilla Manning, 1911-1994","Cabot, Nancy Graves, 1889-1969","Beirne, Rosamond Randall, 1894-1969","Moore, Susan Rutledge, 1906-1987","Platt, Page Anderson, 1899-1984","Bolton, Frances Payne Bingham, 1885-1977","Leary, Eliza Ferry, 1851-1935","Fisher, Amos","Herbert, Upton","Tracy, Sarah, 1820-1896","Hollingsworth, John McHenry, 1823-1889","Blake, Levi Lowell, 1830-1904","Burgess, William H., 1816-1893","Woodbridge, S. Homer (Samuel Homer), 1848","Young , James","Sully, Thomas, 1783-1872","Petigru, James Louis, 1789-1863","Fraser, Charles, 1782-1860","Yancey, William Lowndes, 1814-1863","Thomas, O. J. \"Buck\" (Oswald)","Rouse, Harrison Dodge","Cragg, James \"Finney\", 1898-1977","Washington, Julian H., 1894-1953","Craig, James Y., 1839-1926","Bailey, Olive, 1903-1980","Quander, Thomas H.","Ford, George F., 1859-1935","Kaessinger, Charles H.","Holland, William, 1887-1968","Heiberg, Anna Howell Dodge, 1877-1967","Lowther, Minnie Kendall, 1869-1947","Livingood, Lily Foster","Rouse, James B., 1896-1946","Killam, Charles W.","Rouse, William L.","Enersen, Lawrence","Permar, William Jones, 1856-1940","Lacey, Fred","Simms, Walter","Ayres, Tom","Collins, Howard","Rogers, Manuel","McCalley, Charles","Deavers, Linton, 1906-1968","Costello, Ernest","Miller, George W. (Willie)","Taylor, Roy","Morse, Frank","Clapp, Harvey, Jr.","Fredericks, Harold J.","Duvall, James Garfield (Jesse)","Barnwell, Edward","Sutliff, Shirley","Tindall, Joyce","Neitzey, Albert","Macomber, Walter","Simms, Sherman","Thane, Elswyth, 1900-1984","Embrey, Ernest","Dodson, Howard","Thomas, James","Jacobs, William","Hammond, Frank H.","Castellani, John A., 1944-1993","Dakin, Monta Lee","Rhodehamel, John, H.","Clark, Ellen McCallister, 1953-","Norton, Dean","Schrage-Norton, Susanne","Thompson, Mary V., 1955-","Gorham, Anne Huber","Miller, Johnnie J.","Bermingham, Philip","Harbour, John E.","Compton, Grant","Horstman, Neil W., 1946-2020","Payne, John Lee, Sr., 1943-2007","Embrey, Ernest \"Lee\", Jr.","Talbot, Robert \"Abie\"","Dawson, Kenneth","Keeler, Sue","Kennedy, Flora","St. Mars, Hope","Tancil, Gladys","Meadows, Christine, 1932-2013","Tisara, Nina","Sarbanes, Paul","Lee, Jane Carew, 1931-2019","Stanton, Robert George, 1940-","Connolly, Harry, 1952-","Funderburk, Charles F.","Todd, Scotty","Staten, Henry","Carter, Theodore M.","Miller, Rebecca","Eves, Ethel","McDermott, Charlie","Hayes, Rutherford B., 1822-1893","Hayes, Lucy Webb, 1831-1889","Halsted, Nancy Marsh, 1817-1891","Hudson, Susan Edwards Johnson, 1825-1913","Gould, Jay, 1836-1892","Harrison, Benjamin, 1833-1901","Morton, Levi P.  (Levi Parsons), 1824-1920","McKinley, William, 1834-1901","Heinrich, Prince of Prussia, 1862-1929","Edison, Thomas A. (Thomas Alva), 1847-1931","Daniels, Josephus, 1862-1948","Comegys, Harriet Clayton, 1840-1927","Townsend, Justine Van Rensselaer, 1828-1912","Joffre, Joseph Jacques Césaire, 1852-1931","Viviani, René, 1863-1925","Balfour, Arthur James, 1848-1930","Foster, George E., Sir (George Eulas), 1847-1931","Lansing, Robert, 1864-1928","Riggs, Jane Agnes, 1854-1930","Moncheur, Ludovic, Baron, 1857-1940","Vesnić, Milenko, 1863-1921","Reading, Rufus Daniel Isaacs, Marquess of, 1860-1935","Lang, Cosmo Gordon, 1864-1945","Tokugawa, Iesato, 1863-1940","Albert I, King of the Belgians, 1875-1934","Marshall, Thomas R. (Thomas Riley), 1854-1925","Léopold III, King of the Belgians, 1901-1983","Elisabeth, Queen, consort of Albert I, King of the Belgians, 1876-1965","Foster, Victorine Du Pont, 1849-1934","Townsend, Amy Cornell","Marshall, Lois Irene Kimsey, 1873-1958","Baker, Newton Diehl, 1871-1937","Windsor, Edward, Duke of, 1894-1972","Phillips, William, 1878-1968","Gouraud, Henri, 1867-1946","Calles, Plutarco Elías, 1877-1945","Wright, J. Butler  (Joshua Butler), 1877-1939","George, David Lloyd, 1863-1945","Marie, Queen, consort of Ferdinand I, King of Romania, 1875-1938","Howard, Eleanor Washington, 1856-1937","Whitehill, Clarence, 1871-1932","Curtis, Charles, 1860-1936","Hoover, Herbert, 1874-1964","Hoover, Lou Henry, 1874-1944","Roosevelt, Eleanor, 1884-1962","Thayer, Pauline Revere, 1862-1934","Hart, Laurance H.","Roosevelt, Franklin D.  (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945","Damtew, Desta, Ras, 1892-1937","Richards, Alice Haliburton King, 1860-1936","Peery, George Campbell, 1873-1952","Peery, Nancy Gillespie, 1882-1963","Page, Roswell, 1858-1939","Call, Norman, 1880-1959","Smoot, William Albert, 2nd, 1878-1941","Watson, Edwin M.  (Edwin Martin), 1883-1945","Bastedo, Paul, 1887-1951","Buchan, John, 1875-1940","Stirl, George S.","George VI, King of Great Britain, 1895-1952","Elizabeth, Queen, consort of George VI, King of Great Britain, 1900-2002","Lamb, William Harrison","Marler, Howard B.","Towner, Harriet C. (Harriet Cole), 1869-1942","Qualters, Thomas","Bloom, Sol, 1870-1949","Lindsay, Ronald C., 1877-1945","Lindsay, Elizabeth Sherman Hoyt, 1885-1954","Somoza, Anastasio, 1896-1956","Somoza, Salvadora Debayle, 1895-1987","Juliana, Queen of the Netherlands, 1909-2004","Churchill, Winston, 1874-1965","Prado y Ugarteche, Manuel, 1889-1967","Petar II Karađorđević, King of Yugoslavia, 1923-1970","Darden, Colgate W. (Colgate Whitehead), 1897-1981","Wallington, Jimmy","Moncure, Henry T.","Chiang, May-ling Soong, 1897-2003","Brown, Wilson, 1882-1957","Peñaranda Castillo, Enrique, 1892-1969","Beneš, Edvard, 1884-1948","Billups, Mary Govan, 1874-1971","Failing, Mary Forbush, 1862-1947","Denham, Mary Simkins, 1868-1950","Loughborough, Louise Wright, 1881-1962","Hanks, Mary Esther Vilas, 1873-1959","Carpenter, Harriet Isham, 1869-1948","Morínigo, Higinio, 1897-1983","Mikołajczyk, Stanisław, 1901-1966","Gaulle, Charles de, 1890-1970","Hoppenot, Henri","Sveinn Björnsson, 1881-1952","Thor Thors, 1903-1965","Grau San Martín, Ramón, 1887-1969","ʻAbd al-Ilāh, Prince, 1913-1958","Ríos Morales, Juan Antonio, 1888-1946","Stelle, John H., 1891-1962","Cassell, C. Abayomi (Christian Abayomi)","Bevin, Ernest, 1881-1951","Saud, King of Saudi Arabia, 1902-1969","Alexander of Tunis, Harold Rupert Leofric George Alexander, Earl, 1891-1969","Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972","Patterson, Robert Porter, 1891-1952","Alemán, Miguel, 1905-1983","Marshall, George C. (George Catlett), 1880-1959","Clark, Tom C. (Tom Campbell), 1899-1977","Thurmond, Strom, 1902-2003","Thurmond, Jean Crouch, 1926-1960","Dutra, Eurico Gaspar, 1883-1974","Nehru, Kamala, 1899-1936","Nehru, Jawaharlal, 1889-1964","Gandhi, Indira, 1917-1984","Franks, Oliver, Baron, 1905-1992","Elizabeth II, Queen of Great Britain, 1926-","Philip, Prince, consort of Elizabeth II, Queen of Great Britain, 1921-2021","Simmons, John F. (John Farr), 1892-1968","Akihito, Emperor Emeritus of Japan, 1933-","Paul I, King of the Hellenes, 1901-1964","Frederika, Queen, consort of Paul I, King of the Hellenes, 1917-1981","Rhee, Syngman, 1875-1965","Haile Selassie I, Emperor of Ethiopia, 1892-1975","Tubman, William V. S., 1895-1971","Warren, Romayne Latta, 1877-1968","Magloire, Paul Eugène, 1907-2001","Scelba, Mario, 1901-","Martino, Gaetano, 1900-1967","Phibūnsongkhrām, Plǣk, 1897-1964","Nu, U, 1907-1995","Albert II, King of the Belgians, 1934-","Conger, Clement E.","Cunha, Paulo, 1908-1986","Robertson, Albert James, 1893-1978","Broyhill, Joel T.  (Joel Thomas), 1919-2006","Buxton, Clarence Edward, 1888-1978","Soekarno, 1901-1970","Cumming, Hugh S. (Hugh Smith), Jr., 1900-1986","Kishi, Nobusuke, 1896-1987","Giscard d'Estaing, Valéry, 1926-2020","Ford, Gerald R., 1913-2006","Cooke, Elizabeth Throckmorton, 1897-1993","Carter, Rosalynn","Bush, George, 1924-2018","Hussein, King of Jordan, 1935-1999","Bush, Laura Welch, 1946-","Bush, George W. (George Walker), 1946-","Slaughter, Philip, Reverend, 1808-1890","Sharples, James, 1752-1811","Houdon, Jean-Antoine, 1741-1828","Mills, Clark, 1810-1883","Crosby, Ellen Lovell, 1853-1942","Crosby, Virginia Van Stone, 1888-1964","Merritt, J. D.","Mott, Agnes Peter, 1880-1957","Washington, Martha, 1731-1802","Kennon, Britannia Wellington Peter, 1815-1911","Bush, Margaret Gage","Everett, Edward, 1794-1865","Rockwood, George Gardner, 1832-1911","Farnsworth, Hannah Blake, 1802-1879","Lewis, Eleanor Parke Custis, 1779-1852","Gutekunst, Frederick, 1831-1917","McHenry, Mary","Mitchell, Jim, 1795-1870","Bufford, John Henry, 1810-1870","Nichols, David","Wright, Joseph, 1756-1793","Peale, Charles Willson, 1741-1827","Lee, Mary Randolph Custis, 1808-1873","Ferris, Stephen James, 1835-1915","Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865","Stuart, Gilbert, 1755-1828","Wollaston, John, 1710-1775?","Custis, George Washington Parke, 1781-1857","Leutze, Emanuel, 1816-1868","Worth, E. M. (Edwin M.), Professor, 1838-1917","Brewerton, George Douglas, 1820-1901","Whitehurst, Jesse Harrison, 1819-1875","Ingersoll, T. W. (Truman Ward), 1862-1922","Gibbs, J. (Joseph) Norman, 1855-1933","Lewis, Annie Burr Auchincloss, 1902-1959","Broadwell, Elizabeth Lytle","Sarony, Napoleon, 1821-1896","Dickinson, Alice London, 1814-1881","Eve, Philoclea Edgeworth Casey, 1813-1889","Pine, Robert Edge, 1730?-1788","Harper, Emily L. (Emily Louisa), 1812-1892","Rinehart, A. E.  (Alfred Edward), 1851-1915","Hill, Alice Hale, 1840-1908","Miley, Michael, 1841-1918","Lafayette, Marie Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert Du Motier, marquis de, 1757-1834","Laughton, Lily Macalester Berghmans, 1832-1891","Platz, Max","Leiter, Mary Theresa, 1844-1913","Murat, Catherine Willis, 1803-1867","Thomas, Samuel A.","Ritchie, Anna Cora Mowatt, 1819-1870","Washington, Mary Ball, 1708-1789","Naramore, D. H. (Daniel H.)","Baulch, William","Loyd, William","Langenheim, Frederick, 1809-1879","Langenheim, William, 1807-1874","England, William, 1830-1896","Waldsmith, Robert, 1913-1993","Stacy, George, 1831-1897","White, Hawley C.","Singley,  B. L.  (Benjamin Lloyd)","Kelley, E. W., active 1868-1908","Cremer, James, 1821-1893","Bell, William, 1830-1910","Wasson, C. L. (Charles L.)","Newell, Robert, 1822-1897","Brown, Henry Kirke, 1814-1886","Tuttle, H. C.","Kilburn, B. W.  (Benjamin West), 1827-1909","Weil, P. F. (Peter F.)","Chase, W. M.  (William M.), approximately 1818-1901","Butler, Lucretia Wolcott Dodge, 1876-1914","Greenough, Horatio, 1805-1852","O'Donovan, William Rudolph, 1844-1920","Votaw, Albert H.  (Albert Hiatt), 1850-1931","Walker, Lewis E.  (Lewis Emory), 1822-1880","DeSouza, E.","Miller, Arthur C.","Ulman, Nathalia","Rau, William Herman, 1855-1920","Thurston, John H.","Thompson, E. B. (Ezra Bowen), 1865-1951","Pyle, Howard, 1853-1911","Van Altena, Edward, 1873-1968","Heyder, Augusta A.","Wilcox, William A. (William Alonzo), 1857-","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Historical Photograph Collection, 1850/2010"],"collection_ssim":["Historical Photograph Collection, 1850/2010"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["HPC","/repositories/4/resources/49"],"unitid_tesim":["HPC","/repositories/4/resources/49"],"repository_ssm":["The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon"],"repository_ssim":["The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon"],"creator_ssm":["Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union"],"creator_ssim":["Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Fisher, Robert B.","Dunlop, James R.","Leet Bros.","Abbott, Harold T.","Chamberlain, Samuel V., 1895-1975","Johnston, Frances Benjamin, 1864-1952","Dillon, Luke C., 1836-1904","Gardner, Alexander, 1821-1882","Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","Rowe, Abbie, 1905-1967","Meek, James W.","Harris \u0026 Ewing","Brady, Mathew B., approximately 1823-1896","Penrose, Henry K.","Louden, Orren R.","Trowbridge, Raymond W., 1886-1936","Johnson, N. G.  (Newton G.)","Parker, Edmund, 1827-1898","Bushrod, Thomas, 1825-1902","Jarvis, J. F.  (John Fillis), 1849-1931","Glocker, Charles Peyton","Glocker, Marietta Rodgers Cooper, 1845-1920","Davis, V. C.","Simms, Charles","Graham, Albert Belmont, 1868-1960","Woltz, Lewis P.","Baker, Reid S.","Laverty, H.J.","Lossing, Benson John, 1813-1891","Bailey, Worth, 1908-1980","Sprouse, Edith Moore","Lehman, Harry","Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Dodge, Harrison Howell, 1852-1937","Petitt, Arthur","Grimsley, Norman","Doughton, Page","Kennedy, George","Hatch","Webster, John Wallace","Grimsley, Norman, 1890-1976","Maxey, Mary Frances Campbell","Cragg, Esther Thomas, 1900-1966","Ritter, H.H.","Hillers, J.K.","Gibbs, Edward C., 1893-1963","Gibbs, Francis T.","Loeb, Morris, 1878-1969","Neitzey, Wilfred Henry, 1895-1988","Wernle, Albert","Vandenberg, Arthur H., Senator, 1884-1951","Washington, George, 1732-1799","Battle, John Stewart, 1890-1972","Harkness, Hope Hodgman Powel, 1889-1974","Tarr, Irene Haley, 1898-1988","Furness, Anna Ramsey, 1876-1964","Isham, Elizabeth Totten","Tyler, Constance Ellen, 1911-1963","Burdick, Alison Ward, 1912-2007","Lamont, Elinor Miner, 1901-1972","Sullivan, Priscilla Manning, 1911-1994","Cabot, Nancy Graves, 1889-1969","Beirne, Rosamond Randall, 1894-1969","Moore, Susan Rutledge, 1906-1987","Platt, Page Anderson, 1899-1984","Bolton, Frances Payne Bingham, 1885-1977","Leary, Eliza Ferry, 1851-1935","Fisher, Amos","Herbert, Upton","Tracy, Sarah, 1820-1896","Hollingsworth, John McHenry, 1823-1889","Blake, Levi Lowell, 1830-1904","Burgess, William H., 1816-1893","Woodbridge, S. Homer (Samuel Homer), 1848","Young , James","Sully, Thomas, 1783-1872","Petigru, James Louis, 1789-1863","Fraser, Charles, 1782-1860","Yancey, William Lowndes, 1814-1863","Thomas, O. J. \"Buck\" (Oswald)","Rouse, Harrison Dodge","Cragg, James \"Finney\", 1898-1977","Washington, Julian H., 1894-1953","Craig, James Y., 1839-1926","Bailey, Olive, 1903-1980","Quander, Thomas H.","Ford, George F., 1859-1935","Kaessinger, Charles H.","Holland, William, 1887-1968","Heiberg, Anna Howell Dodge, 1877-1967","Lowther, Minnie Kendall, 1869-1947","Livingood, Lily Foster","Rouse, James B., 1896-1946","Killam, Charles W.","Rouse, William L.","Enersen, Lawrence","Permar, William Jones, 1856-1940","Lacey, Fred","Simms, Walter","Ayres, Tom","Collins, Howard","Rogers, Manuel","McCalley, Charles","Deavers, Linton, 1906-1968","Costello, Ernest","Miller, George W. (Willie)","Taylor, Roy","Morse, Frank","Clapp, Harvey, Jr.","Fredericks, Harold J.","Duvall, James Garfield (Jesse)","Barnwell, Edward","Sutliff, Shirley","Tindall, Joyce","Neitzey, Albert","Macomber, Walter","Simms, Sherman","Thane, Elswyth, 1900-1984","Embrey, Ernest","Dodson, Howard","Thomas, James","Jacobs, William","Hammond, Frank H.","Castellani, John A., 1944-1993","Dakin, Monta Lee","Rhodehamel, John, H.","Clark, Ellen McCallister, 1953-","Norton, Dean","Schrage-Norton, Susanne","Thompson, Mary V., 1955-","Gorham, Anne Huber","Miller, Johnnie J.","Bermingham, Philip","Harbour, John E.","Compton, Grant","Horstman, Neil W., 1946-2020","Payne, John Lee, Sr., 1943-2007","Embrey, Ernest \"Lee\", Jr.","Talbot, Robert \"Abie\"","Dawson, Kenneth","Keeler, Sue","Kennedy, Flora","St. Mars, Hope","Tancil, Gladys","Meadows, Christine, 1932-2013","Tisara, Nina","Sarbanes, Paul","Lee, Jane Carew, 1931-2019","Stanton, Robert George, 1940-","Connolly, Harry, 1952-","Funderburk, Charles F.","Todd, Scotty","Staten, Henry","Carter, Theodore M.","Miller, Rebecca","Eves, Ethel","McDermott, Charlie","Hayes, Rutherford B., 1822-1893","Hayes, Lucy Webb, 1831-1889","Halsted, Nancy Marsh, 1817-1891","Hudson, Susan Edwards Johnson, 1825-1913","Gould, Jay, 1836-1892","Harrison, Benjamin, 1833-1901","Morton, Levi P.  (Levi Parsons), 1824-1920","McKinley, William, 1834-1901","Heinrich, Prince of Prussia, 1862-1929","Edison, Thomas A. (Thomas Alva), 1847-1931","Daniels, Josephus, 1862-1948","Comegys, Harriet Clayton, 1840-1927","Townsend, Justine Van Rensselaer, 1828-1912","Joffre, Joseph Jacques Césaire, 1852-1931","Viviani, René, 1863-1925","Balfour, Arthur James, 1848-1930","Foster, George E., Sir (George Eulas), 1847-1931","Lansing, Robert, 1864-1928","Riggs, Jane Agnes, 1854-1930","Moncheur, Ludovic, Baron, 1857-1940","Vesnić, Milenko, 1863-1921","Reading, Rufus Daniel Isaacs, Marquess of, 1860-1935","Lang, Cosmo Gordon, 1864-1945","Tokugawa, Iesato, 1863-1940","Albert I, King of the Belgians, 1875-1934","Marshall, Thomas R. (Thomas Riley), 1854-1925","Léopold III, King of the Belgians, 1901-1983","Elisabeth, Queen, consort of Albert I, King of the Belgians, 1876-1965","Foster, Victorine Du Pont, 1849-1934","Townsend, Amy Cornell","Marshall, Lois Irene Kimsey, 1873-1958","Baker, Newton Diehl, 1871-1937","Windsor, Edward, Duke of, 1894-1972","Phillips, William, 1878-1968","Gouraud, Henri, 1867-1946","Calles, Plutarco Elías, 1877-1945","Wright, J. Butler  (Joshua Butler), 1877-1939","George, David Lloyd, 1863-1945","Marie, Queen, consort of Ferdinand I, King of Romania, 1875-1938","Howard, Eleanor Washington, 1856-1937","Whitehill, Clarence, 1871-1932","Curtis, Charles, 1860-1936","Hoover, Herbert, 1874-1964","Hoover, Lou Henry, 1874-1944","Roosevelt, Eleanor, 1884-1962","Thayer, Pauline Revere, 1862-1934","Hart, Laurance H.","Roosevelt, Franklin D.  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W., active 1868-1908","Cremer, James, 1821-1893","Bell, William, 1830-1910","Wasson, C. L. (Charles L.)","Newell, Robert, 1822-1897","Brown, Henry Kirke, 1814-1886","Tuttle, H. C.","Kilburn, B. W.  (Benjamin West), 1827-1909","Weil, P. F. (Peter F.)","Chase, W. M.  (William M.), approximately 1818-1901","Butler, Lucretia Wolcott Dodge, 1876-1914","Greenough, Horatio, 1805-1852","O'Donovan, William Rudolph, 1844-1920","Votaw, Albert H.  (Albert Hiatt), 1850-1931","Walker, Lewis E.  (Lewis Emory), 1822-1880","DeSouza, E.","Miller, Arthur C.","Ulman, Nathalia","Rau, William Herman, 1855-1920","Thurston, John H.","Thompson, E. B. (Ezra Bowen), 1865-1951","Pyle, Howard, 1853-1911","Van Altena, Edward, 1873-1968","Heyder, Augusta A.","Wilcox, William A. (William Alonzo), 1857-","Photo Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union","Detroit Publishing Co.","Commercial Photo Co.","Henry's Camera Center","Brown Brothers (New York, N.Y.)","Library of Congress","Wayne Studio and Photographic Color Laboratories","United States. Forest Service","F. W. Van Zile Popular Tours","United States. Federal Highway Administration","Associates' Photography and News Service","Washington star-news (Washington, D.C.) (1852-1981)","Kadel \u0026 Herbert News Service (New York)","Wide World Photos, inc.","Hart, Schaffner \u0026 Marx","Davis, Wick, Rosengarten Company, Inc.","Sunday Group Editorial Service","Sunday Sun Magazine","Smithsonian American Art Museum","Grand Army of the Republic","Washington Photo Co. (1900s)","Judd \u0026 Detweiler","Central News Photo Service","Bain News Service","National Pictorial News","American Legion","National Photo Company","Warner Bros. Pictures (1923-1967)","Boy Scouts of America","International News Photos (New York, N.Y.)","National Broadcast Company","Rembrandt Studios, Inc.","Freemasons. Alexandria-Washington Lodge, No. 22 (Alexandria, Va.)","Washington Times-Herald","Acme Newspictures (New York, N.Y.)","U. S. Army Signal Corps","United States Information Agency","Carl Byoir \u0026 Associates","Republic Aviation Corporation","White House (Washington, D.C.)","Frick Art Reference Library (New York)","Corcoran Gallery of Art","Allen \u0026 Horton","Wenderoth, Taylor \u0026 Brown","Boude \u0026 Miley Photographers","Bell \u0026 Bro. (Washington, D.C.)","Currier \u0026 Ives","Whitehurst Gallery (Washington, D.C.)","Seeley \u0026 Murphy","R. F. Field \u0026 Co.","American Stereoscopic Company","Langenheim, Loyd \u0026 Co.","E. \u0026 H.T. Anthony (Firm)","London Stereoscopic Company","Underwood \u0026 Underwood","H.C. White Co.","Berry, Kelley \u0026 Chadwick","American Colortype Company","Kilburn Brothers","International View Co.","Stereo-Travel Co.","R. Newell \u0026 Son","Centennial Photographic Co.","Rudolph Lesch Fine Arts, Inc.","Young People's Christian Union (Founded 1893)","Israel \u0026 Riddle. Stephen Israel","H. E. Hoyt \u0026 Co.","Beck Engraving Company","McIntosh Stereopticon Co.","Williams, Brown \u0026 Earle","Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences","A. D. Handy, Stereopticons and Supplies (Boston, Ma)","Soule Art Company","Washington and Lee University","American Museum of Natural History (New York)","New York (State) Education Department. Division of visual instruction.","L. Manasse, Lantern Slides (Chicago)","Pennsylvania. State Museum (Harrisburg, PA)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["89 Linear Feet Variety of container sizes based on photograph sizes and material types. Over-sized items are housed in drawers."],"extent_tesim":["89 Linear Feet Variety of container sizes based on photograph sizes and material types. Over-sized items are housed in drawers."],"date_range_isim":[1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. The library reserves the right to restrict access to certain items for preservation purposes.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. The library reserves the right to restrict access to certain items for preservation purposes."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Historical Photograph Collection is an artifical collection organized in functional order. Items are first arranged by subject and then subsequently by media format and size.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Historical Photograph Collection is an artifical collection organized in functional order. Items are first arranged by subject and then subsequently by media format and size."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eItems in this collection were either created by or under contract by the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association or acquired by gift and purchase from various sources. Materials are added to the collection as they are acquired. For additional information please contact the Manager of Visual Resources.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["Items in this collection were either created by or under contract by the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association or acquired by gift and purchase from various sources. Materials are added to the collection as they are acquired. For additional information please contact the Manager of Visual Resources."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Name and date of item], Historical Photograph Collection, [Folder], Photo Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, The George Washington Presidential Library [hereafter Washington Library], Mount Vernon, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Name and date of item], Historical Photograph Collection, [Folder], Photo Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, The George Washington Presidential Library [hereafter Washington Library], Mount Vernon, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Historical Photograph Collection is largely comprised of materials created by or for the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association. Some of the earliest photographs of the estate were created and sold to visitors by the Association as a means of income. Those efforts helped to establish an important collection of 19th century views. The collection spans the 1850s to 2000s and includes over 140 linear feet of analog material providing a visual history of the Mansion, outbuildings, tombs, grounds, events, visitors, collection objects, personnel, and changes throughout the estate.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Historical Photograph Collection is largely comprised of materials created by or for the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association. Some of the earliest photographs of the estate were created and sold to visitors by the Association as a means of income. Those efforts helped to establish an important collection of 19th century views. The collection spans the 1850s to 2000s and includes over 140 linear feet of analog material providing a visual history of the Mansion, outbuildings, tombs, grounds, events, visitors, collection objects, personnel, and changes throughout the estate."],"corpname_ssim":["Photo Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union","Detroit Publishing Co.","Commercial Photo Co.","Henry's Camera Center","Brown Brothers (New York, N.Y.)","Library of Congress","Wayne Studio and Photographic Color Laboratories","United States. Forest Service","F. W. Van Zile Popular Tours","United States. Federal Highway Administration","Associates' Photography and News Service","Washington star-news (Washington, D.C.) (1852-1981)","Kadel \u0026 Herbert News Service (New York)","Wide World Photos, inc.","Hart, Schaffner \u0026 Marx","Davis, Wick, Rosengarten Company, Inc.","Sunday Group Editorial Service","Sunday Sun Magazine","Smithsonian American Art Museum","Grand Army of the Republic","Washington Photo Co. (1900s)","Judd \u0026 Detweiler","Central News Photo Service","Bain News Service","National Pictorial News","American Legion","National Photo Company","Warner Bros. Pictures (1923-1967)","Boy Scouts of America","International News Photos (New York, N.Y.)","National Broadcast Company","Rembrandt Studios, Inc.","Freemasons. Alexandria-Washington Lodge, No. 22 (Alexandria, Va.)","Washington Times-Herald","Acme Newspictures (New York, N.Y.)","U. S. Army Signal Corps","United States Information Agency","Carl Byoir \u0026 Associates","Republic Aviation Corporation","White House (Washington, D.C.)","Frick Art Reference Library (New York)","Corcoran Gallery of Art","Allen \u0026 Horton","Wenderoth, Taylor \u0026 Brown","Boude \u0026 Miley Photographers","Bell \u0026 Bro. (Washington, D.C.)","Currier \u0026 Ives","Whitehurst Gallery (Washington, D.C.)","Seeley \u0026 Murphy","R. F. Field \u0026 Co.","American Stereoscopic Company","Langenheim, Loyd \u0026 Co.","E. \u0026 H.T. Anthony (Firm)","London Stereoscopic Company","Underwood \u0026 Underwood","H.C. White Co.","Berry, Kelley \u0026 Chadwick","American Colortype Company","Kilburn Brothers","International View Co.","Stereo-Travel Co.","R. Newell \u0026 Son","Centennial Photographic Co.","Rudolph Lesch Fine Arts, Inc.","Young People's Christian Union (Founded 1893)","Israel \u0026 Riddle. Stephen Israel","H. E. Hoyt \u0026 Co.","Beck Engraving Company","McIntosh Stereopticon Co.","Williams, Brown \u0026 Earle","Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences","A. D. Handy, Stereopticons and Supplies (Boston, Ma)","Soule Art Company","Washington and Lee University","American Museum of Natural History (New York)","New York (State) Education Department. Division of visual instruction.","L. Manasse, Lantern Slides (Chicago)","Pennsylvania. State Museum (Harrisburg, PA)"],"persname_ssim":["Fisher, Robert B.","Dunlop, James R.","Leet Bros.","Abbott, Harold T.","Chamberlain, Samuel V., 1895-1975","Johnston, Frances Benjamin, 1864-1952","Dillon, Luke C., 1836-1904","Gardner, Alexander, 1821-1882","Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","Rowe, Abbie, 1905-1967","Meek, James W.","Harris \u0026 Ewing","Brady, Mathew B., approximately 1823-1896","Penrose, Henry K.","Louden, Orren R.","Trowbridge, Raymond W., 1886-1936","Johnson, N. G.  (Newton G.)","Parker, Edmund, 1827-1898","Bushrod, Thomas, 1825-1902","Jarvis, J. F.  (John Fillis), 1849-1931","Glocker, Charles Peyton","Glocker, Marietta Rodgers Cooper, 1845-1920","Davis, V. C.","Simms, Charles","Graham, Albert Belmont, 1868-1960","Woltz, Lewis P.","Baker, Reid S.","Laverty, H.J.","Lossing, Benson John, 1813-1891","Bailey, Worth, 1908-1980","Sprouse, Edith Moore","Lehman, Harry","Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Dodge, Harrison Howell, 1852-1937","Petitt, Arthur","Grimsley, Norman","Doughton, Page","Kennedy, George","Hatch","Webster, John Wallace","Grimsley, Norman, 1890-1976","Maxey, Mary Frances Campbell","Cragg, Esther Thomas, 1900-1966","Ritter, H.H.","Hillers, J.K.","Gibbs, Edward C., 1893-1963","Gibbs, Francis T.","Loeb, Morris, 1878-1969","Neitzey, Wilfred Henry, 1895-1988","Wernle, Albert","Vandenberg, Arthur H., Senator, 1884-1951","Washington, George, 1732-1799","Battle, John Stewart, 1890-1972","Harkness, Hope Hodgman Powel, 1889-1974","Tarr, Irene Haley, 1898-1988","Furness, Anna Ramsey, 1876-1964","Isham, Elizabeth Totten","Tyler, Constance Ellen, 1911-1963","Burdick, Alison Ward, 1912-2007","Lamont, Elinor Miner, 1901-1972","Sullivan, Priscilla Manning, 1911-1994","Cabot, Nancy Graves, 1889-1969","Beirne, Rosamond Randall, 1894-1969","Moore, Susan Rutledge, 1906-1987","Platt, Page Anderson, 1899-1984","Bolton, Frances Payne Bingham, 1885-1977","Leary, Eliza Ferry, 1851-1935","Fisher, Amos","Herbert, Upton","Tracy, Sarah, 1820-1896","Hollingsworth, John McHenry, 1823-1889","Blake, Levi Lowell, 1830-1904","Burgess, William H., 1816-1893","Woodbridge, S. Homer (Samuel Homer), 1848","Young , James","Sully, Thomas, 1783-1872","Petigru, James Louis, 1789-1863","Fraser, Charles, 1782-1860","Yancey, William Lowndes, 1814-1863","Thomas, O. J. \"Buck\" (Oswald)","Rouse, Harrison Dodge","Cragg, James \"Finney\", 1898-1977","Washington, Julian H., 1894-1953","Craig, James Y., 1839-1926","Bailey, Olive, 1903-1980","Quander, Thomas H.","Ford, George F., 1859-1935","Kaessinger, Charles H.","Holland, William, 1887-1968","Heiberg, Anna Howell Dodge, 1877-1967","Lowther, Minnie Kendall, 1869-1947","Livingood, Lily Foster","Rouse, James B., 1896-1946","Killam, Charles W.","Rouse, William L.","Enersen, Lawrence","Permar, William Jones, 1856-1940","Lacey, Fred","Simms, Walter","Ayres, Tom","Collins, Howard","Rogers, Manuel","McCalley, Charles","Deavers, Linton, 1906-1968","Costello, Ernest","Miller, George W. (Willie)","Taylor, Roy","Morse, Frank","Clapp, Harvey, Jr.","Fredericks, Harold J.","Duvall, James Garfield (Jesse)","Barnwell, Edward","Sutliff, Shirley","Tindall, Joyce","Neitzey, Albert","Macomber, Walter","Simms, Sherman","Thane, Elswyth, 1900-1984","Embrey, Ernest","Dodson, Howard","Thomas, James","Jacobs, William","Hammond, Frank H.","Castellani, John A., 1944-1993","Dakin, Monta Lee","Rhodehamel, John, H.","Clark, Ellen McCallister, 1953-","Norton, Dean","Schrage-Norton, Susanne","Thompson, Mary V., 1955-","Gorham, Anne Huber","Miller, Johnnie J.","Bermingham, Philip","Harbour, John E.","Compton, Grant","Horstman, Neil W., 1946-2020","Payne, John Lee, Sr., 1943-2007","Embrey, Ernest \"Lee\", Jr.","Talbot, Robert \"Abie\"","Dawson, Kenneth","Keeler, Sue","Kennedy, Flora","St. Mars, Hope","Tancil, Gladys","Meadows, Christine, 1932-2013","Tisara, Nina","Sarbanes, Paul","Lee, Jane Carew, 1931-2019","Stanton, Robert George, 1940-","Connolly, Harry, 1952-","Funderburk, Charles F.","Todd, Scotty","Staten, Henry","Carter, Theodore M.","Miller, Rebecca","Eves, Ethel","McDermott, Charlie","Hayes, Rutherford B., 1822-1893","Hayes, Lucy Webb, 1831-1889","Halsted, Nancy Marsh, 1817-1891","Hudson, Susan Edwards Johnson, 1825-1913","Gould, Jay, 1836-1892","Harrison, Benjamin, 1833-1901","Morton, Levi P.  (Levi Parsons), 1824-1920","McKinley, William, 1834-1901","Heinrich, Prince of Prussia, 1862-1929","Edison, Thomas A. (Thomas Alva), 1847-1931","Daniels, Josephus, 1862-1948","Comegys, Harriet Clayton, 1840-1927","Townsend, Justine Van Rensselaer, 1828-1912","Joffre, Joseph Jacques Césaire, 1852-1931","Viviani, René, 1863-1925","Balfour, Arthur James, 1848-1930","Foster, George E., Sir (George Eulas), 1847-1931","Lansing, Robert, 1864-1928","Riggs, Jane Agnes, 1854-1930","Moncheur, Ludovic, Baron, 1857-1940","Vesnić, Milenko, 1863-1921","Reading, Rufus Daniel Isaacs, Marquess of, 1860-1935","Lang, Cosmo Gordon, 1864-1945","Tokugawa, Iesato, 1863-1940","Albert I, King of the Belgians, 1875-1934","Marshall, Thomas R. (Thomas Riley), 1854-1925","Léopold III, King of the Belgians, 1901-1983","Elisabeth, Queen, consort of Albert I, King of the Belgians, 1876-1965","Foster, Victorine Du Pont, 1849-1934","Townsend, Amy Cornell","Marshall, Lois Irene Kimsey, 1873-1958","Baker, Newton Diehl, 1871-1937","Windsor, Edward, Duke of, 1894-1972","Phillips, William, 1878-1968","Gouraud, Henri, 1867-1946","Calles, Plutarco Elías, 1877-1945","Wright, J. Butler  (Joshua Butler), 1877-1939","George, David Lloyd, 1863-1945","Marie, Queen, consort of Ferdinand I, King of Romania, 1875-1938","Howard, Eleanor Washington, 1856-1937","Whitehill, Clarence, 1871-1932","Curtis, Charles, 1860-1936","Hoover, Herbert, 1874-1964","Hoover, Lou Henry, 1874-1944","Roosevelt, Eleanor, 1884-1962","Thayer, Pauline Revere, 1862-1934","Hart, Laurance H.","Roosevelt, Franklin D.  (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945","Damtew, Desta, Ras, 1892-1937","Richards, Alice Haliburton King, 1860-1936","Peery, George Campbell, 1873-1952","Peery, Nancy Gillespie, 1882-1963","Page, Roswell, 1858-1939","Call, Norman, 1880-1959","Smoot, William Albert, 2nd, 1878-1941","Watson, Edwin M.  (Edwin Martin), 1883-1945","Bastedo, Paul, 1887-1951","Buchan, John, 1875-1940","Stirl, George S.","George VI, King of Great Britain, 1895-1952","Elizabeth, Queen, consort of George VI, King of Great Britain, 1900-2002","Lamb, William Harrison","Marler, Howard B.","Towner, Harriet C. (Harriet Cole), 1869-1942","Qualters, Thomas","Bloom, Sol, 1870-1949","Lindsay, Ronald C., 1877-1945","Lindsay, Elizabeth Sherman Hoyt, 1885-1954","Somoza, Anastasio, 1896-1956","Somoza, Salvadora Debayle, 1895-1987","Juliana, Queen of the Netherlands, 1909-2004","Churchill, Winston, 1874-1965","Prado y Ugarteche, Manuel, 1889-1967","Petar II Karađorđević, King of Yugoslavia, 1923-1970","Darden, Colgate W. (Colgate Whitehead), 1897-1981","Wallington, Jimmy","Moncure, Henry T.","Chiang, May-ling Soong, 1897-2003","Brown, Wilson, 1882-1957","Peñaranda Castillo, Enrique, 1892-1969","Beneš, Edvard, 1884-1948","Billups, Mary Govan, 1874-1971","Failing, Mary Forbush, 1862-1947","Denham, Mary Simkins, 1868-1950","Loughborough, Louise Wright, 1881-1962","Hanks, Mary Esther Vilas, 1873-1959","Carpenter, Harriet Isham, 1869-1948","Morínigo, Higinio, 1897-1983","Mikołajczyk, Stanisław, 1901-1966","Gaulle, Charles de, 1890-1970","Hoppenot, Henri","Sveinn Björnsson, 1881-1952","Thor Thors, 1903-1965","Grau San Martín, Ramón, 1887-1969","ʻAbd al-Ilāh, Prince, 1913-1958","Ríos Morales, Juan Antonio, 1888-1946","Stelle, John H., 1891-1962","Cassell, C. Abayomi (Christian Abayomi)","Bevin, Ernest, 1881-1951","Saud, King of Saudi Arabia, 1902-1969","Alexander of Tunis, Harold Rupert Leofric George Alexander, Earl, 1891-1969","Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972","Patterson, Robert Porter, 1891-1952","Alemán, Miguel, 1905-1983","Marshall, George C. (George Catlett), 1880-1959","Clark, Tom C. (Tom Campbell), 1899-1977","Thurmond, Strom, 1902-2003","Thurmond, Jean Crouch, 1926-1960","Dutra, Eurico Gaspar, 1883-1974","Nehru, Kamala, 1899-1936","Nehru, Jawaharlal, 1889-1964","Gandhi, Indira, 1917-1984","Franks, Oliver, Baron, 1905-1992","Elizabeth II, Queen of Great Britain, 1926-","Philip, Prince, consort of Elizabeth II, Queen of Great Britain, 1921-2021","Simmons, John F. (John Farr), 1892-1968","Akihito, Emperor Emeritus of Japan, 1933-","Paul I, King of the Hellenes, 1901-1964","Frederika, Queen, consort of Paul I, King of the Hellenes, 1917-1981","Rhee, Syngman, 1875-1965","Haile Selassie I, Emperor of Ethiopia, 1892-1975","Tubman, William V. S., 1895-1971","Warren, Romayne Latta, 1877-1968","Magloire, Paul Eugène, 1907-2001","Scelba, Mario, 1901-","Martino, Gaetano, 1900-1967","Phibūnsongkhrām, Plǣk, 1897-1964","Nu, U, 1907-1995","Albert II, King of the Belgians, 1934-","Conger, Clement E.","Cunha, Paulo, 1908-1986","Robertson, Albert James, 1893-1978","Broyhill, Joel T.  (Joel Thomas), 1919-2006","Buxton, Clarence Edward, 1888-1978","Soekarno, 1901-1970","Cumming, Hugh S. (Hugh Smith), Jr., 1900-1986","Kishi, Nobusuke, 1896-1987","Giscard d'Estaing, Valéry, 1926-2020","Ford, Gerald R., 1913-2006","Cooke, Elizabeth Throckmorton, 1897-1993","Carter, Rosalynn","Bush, George, 1924-2018","Hussein, King of Jordan, 1935-1999","Bush, Laura Welch, 1946-","Bush, George W. (George Walker), 1946-","Slaughter, Philip, Reverend, 1808-1890","Sharples, James, 1752-1811","Houdon, Jean-Antoine, 1741-1828","Mills, Clark, 1810-1883","Crosby, Ellen Lovell, 1853-1942","Crosby, Virginia Van Stone, 1888-1964","Merritt, J. D.","Mott, Agnes Peter, 1880-1957","Washington, Martha, 1731-1802","Kennon, Britannia Wellington Peter, 1815-1911","Bush, Margaret Gage","Everett, Edward, 1794-1865","Rockwood, George Gardner, 1832-1911","Farnsworth, Hannah Blake, 1802-1879","Lewis, Eleanor Parke Custis, 1779-1852","Gutekunst, Frederick, 1831-1917","McHenry, Mary","Mitchell, Jim, 1795-1870","Bufford, John Henry, 1810-1870","Nichols, David","Wright, Joseph, 1756-1793","Peale, Charles Willson, 1741-1827","Lee, Mary Randolph Custis, 1808-1873","Ferris, Stephen James, 1835-1915","Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865","Stuart, Gilbert, 1755-1828","Wollaston, John, 1710-1775?","Custis, George Washington Parke, 1781-1857","Leutze, Emanuel, 1816-1868","Worth, E. M. (Edwin M.), Professor, 1838-1917","Brewerton, George Douglas, 1820-1901","Whitehurst, Jesse Harrison, 1819-1875","Ingersoll, T. W. (Truman Ward), 1862-1922","Gibbs, J. (Joseph) Norman, 1855-1933","Lewis, Annie Burr Auchincloss, 1902-1959","Broadwell, Elizabeth Lytle","Sarony, Napoleon, 1821-1896","Dickinson, Alice London, 1814-1881","Eve, Philoclea Edgeworth Casey, 1813-1889","Pine, Robert Edge, 1730?-1788","Harper, Emily L. (Emily Louisa), 1812-1892","Rinehart, A. E.  (Alfred Edward), 1851-1915","Hill, Alice Hale, 1840-1908","Miley, Michael, 1841-1918","Lafayette, Marie Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert Du Motier, marquis de, 1757-1834","Laughton, Lily Macalester Berghmans, 1832-1891","Platz, Max","Leiter, Mary Theresa, 1844-1913","Murat, Catherine Willis, 1803-1867","Thomas, Samuel A.","Ritchie, Anna Cora Mowatt, 1819-1870","Washington, Mary Ball, 1708-1789","Naramore, D. H. (Daniel H.)","Baulch, William","Loyd, William","Langenheim, Frederick, 1809-1879","Langenheim, William, 1807-1874","England, William, 1830-1896","Waldsmith, Robert, 1913-1993","Stacy, George, 1831-1897","White, Hawley C.","Singley,  B. L.  (Benjamin Lloyd)","Kelley, E. W., active 1868-1908","Cremer, James, 1821-1893","Bell, William, 1830-1910","Wasson, C. L. (Charles L.)","Newell, Robert, 1822-1897","Brown, Henry Kirke, 1814-1886","Tuttle, H. C.","Kilburn, B. W.  (Benjamin West), 1827-1909","Weil, P. F. (Peter F.)","Chase, W. M.  (William M.), approximately 1818-1901","Butler, Lucretia Wolcott Dodge, 1876-1914","Greenough, Horatio, 1805-1852","O'Donovan, William Rudolph, 1844-1920","Votaw, Albert H.  (Albert Hiatt), 1850-1931","Walker, Lewis E.  (Lewis Emory), 1822-1880","DeSouza, E.","Miller, Arthur C.","Ulman, Nathalia","Rau, William Herman, 1855-1920","Thurston, John H.","Thompson, E. B. (Ezra Bowen), 1865-1951","Pyle, Howard, 1853-1911","Van Altena, Edward, 1873-1968","Heyder, Augusta A.","Wilcox, William A. (William Alonzo), 1857-"],"names_ssim":["Photo Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union","Detroit Publishing Co.","Commercial Photo Co.","Henry's Camera Center","Brown Brothers (New York, N.Y.)","Library of Congress","Wayne Studio and Photographic Color Laboratories","United States. Forest Service","F. W. Van Zile Popular Tours","United States. Federal Highway Administration","Associates' Photography and News Service","Washington star-news (Washington, D.C.) (1852-1981)","Kadel \u0026 Herbert News Service (New York)","Wide World Photos, inc.","Hart, Schaffner \u0026 Marx","Davis, Wick, Rosengarten Company, Inc.","Sunday Group Editorial Service","Sunday Sun Magazine","Smithsonian American Art Museum","Grand Army of the Republic","Washington Photo Co. (1900s)","Judd \u0026 Detweiler","Central News Photo Service","Bain News Service","National Pictorial News","American Legion","National Photo Company","Warner Bros. Pictures (1923-1967)","Boy Scouts of America","International News Photos (New York, N.Y.)","National Broadcast Company","Rembrandt Studios, Inc.","Freemasons. Alexandria-Washington Lodge, No. 22 (Alexandria, Va.)","Washington Times-Herald","Acme Newspictures (New York, N.Y.)","U. S. Army Signal Corps","United States Information Agency","Carl Byoir \u0026 Associates","Republic Aviation Corporation","White House (Washington, D.C.)","Frick Art Reference Library (New York)","Corcoran Gallery of Art","Allen \u0026 Horton","Wenderoth, Taylor \u0026 Brown","Boude \u0026 Miley Photographers","Bell \u0026 Bro. (Washington, D.C.)","Currier \u0026 Ives","Whitehurst Gallery (Washington, D.C.)","Seeley \u0026 Murphy","R. F. Field \u0026 Co.","American Stereoscopic Company","Langenheim, Loyd \u0026 Co.","E. \u0026 H.T. Anthony (Firm)","London Stereoscopic Company","Underwood \u0026 Underwood","H.C. White Co.","Berry, Kelley \u0026 Chadwick","American Colortype Company","Kilburn Brothers","International View Co.","Stereo-Travel Co.","R. Newell \u0026 Son","Centennial Photographic Co.","Rudolph Lesch Fine Arts, Inc.","Young People's Christian Union (Founded 1893)","Israel \u0026 Riddle. Stephen Israel","H. E. Hoyt \u0026 Co.","Beck Engraving Company","McIntosh Stereopticon Co.","Williams, Brown \u0026 Earle","Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences","A. D. Handy, Stereopticons and Supplies (Boston, Ma)","Soule Art Company","Washington and Lee University","American Museum of Natural History (New York)","New York (State) Education Department. Division of visual instruction.","L. Manasse, Lantern Slides (Chicago)","Pennsylvania. State Museum (Harrisburg, PA)","Fisher, Robert B.","Dunlop, James R.","Leet Bros.","Abbott, Harold T.","Chamberlain, Samuel V., 1895-1975","Johnston, Frances Benjamin, 1864-1952","Dillon, Luke C., 1836-1904","Gardner, Alexander, 1821-1882","Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","Rowe, Abbie, 1905-1967","Meek, James W.","Harris \u0026 Ewing","Brady, Mathew B., approximately 1823-1896","Penrose, Henry K.","Louden, Orren R.","Trowbridge, Raymond W., 1886-1936","Johnson, N. G.  (Newton G.)","Parker, Edmund, 1827-1898","Bushrod, Thomas, 1825-1902","Jarvis, J. F.  (John Fillis), 1849-1931","Glocker, Charles Peyton","Glocker, Marietta Rodgers Cooper, 1845-1920","Davis, V. C.","Simms, Charles","Graham, Albert Belmont, 1868-1960","Woltz, Lewis P.","Baker, Reid S.","Laverty, H.J.","Lossing, Benson John, 1813-1891","Bailey, Worth, 1908-1980","Sprouse, Edith Moore","Lehman, Harry","Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Dodge, Harrison Howell, 1852-1937","Petitt, Arthur","Grimsley, Norman","Doughton, Page","Kennedy, George","Hatch","Webster, John Wallace","Grimsley, Norman, 1890-1976","Maxey, Mary Frances Campbell","Cragg, Esther Thomas, 1900-1966","Ritter, H.H.","Hillers, J.K.","Gibbs, Edward C., 1893-1963","Gibbs, Francis T.","Loeb, Morris, 1878-1969","Neitzey, Wilfred Henry, 1895-1988","Wernle, Albert","Vandenberg, Arthur H., Senator, 1884-1951","Washington, George, 1732-1799","Battle, John Stewart, 1890-1972","Harkness, Hope Hodgman Powel, 1889-1974","Tarr, Irene Haley, 1898-1988","Furness, Anna Ramsey, 1876-1964","Isham, Elizabeth Totten","Tyler, Constance Ellen, 1911-1963","Burdick, Alison Ward, 1912-2007","Lamont, Elinor Miner, 1901-1972","Sullivan, Priscilla Manning, 1911-1994","Cabot, Nancy Graves, 1889-1969","Beirne, Rosamond Randall, 1894-1969","Moore, Susan Rutledge, 1906-1987","Platt, Page Anderson, 1899-1984","Bolton, Frances Payne Bingham, 1885-1977","Leary, Eliza Ferry, 1851-1935","Fisher, Amos","Herbert, Upton","Tracy, Sarah, 1820-1896","Hollingsworth, John McHenry, 1823-1889","Blake, Levi Lowell, 1830-1904","Burgess, William H., 1816-1893","Woodbridge, S. Homer (Samuel Homer), 1848","Young , James","Sully, Thomas, 1783-1872","Petigru, James Louis, 1789-1863","Fraser, Charles, 1782-1860","Yancey, William Lowndes, 1814-1863","Thomas, O. J. \"Buck\" (Oswald)","Rouse, Harrison Dodge","Cragg, James \"Finney\", 1898-1977","Washington, Julian H., 1894-1953","Craig, James Y., 1839-1926","Bailey, Olive, 1903-1980","Quander, Thomas H.","Ford, George F., 1859-1935","Kaessinger, Charles H.","Holland, William, 1887-1968","Heiberg, Anna Howell Dodge, 1877-1967","Lowther, Minnie Kendall, 1869-1947","Livingood, Lily Foster","Rouse, James B., 1896-1946","Killam, Charles W.","Rouse, William L.","Enersen, Lawrence","Permar, William Jones, 1856-1940","Lacey, Fred","Simms, Walter","Ayres, Tom","Collins, Howard","Rogers, Manuel","McCalley, Charles","Deavers, Linton, 1906-1968","Costello, Ernest","Miller, George W. (Willie)","Taylor, Roy","Morse, Frank","Clapp, Harvey, Jr.","Fredericks, Harold J.","Duvall, James Garfield (Jesse)","Barnwell, Edward","Sutliff, Shirley","Tindall, Joyce","Neitzey, Albert","Macomber, Walter","Simms, Sherman","Thane, Elswyth, 1900-1984","Embrey, Ernest","Dodson, Howard","Thomas, James","Jacobs, William","Hammond, Frank H.","Castellani, John A., 1944-1993","Dakin, Monta Lee","Rhodehamel, John, H.","Clark, Ellen McCallister, 1953-","Norton, Dean","Schrage-Norton, Susanne","Thompson, Mary V., 1955-","Gorham, Anne Huber","Miller, Johnnie J.","Bermingham, Philip","Harbour, John E.","Compton, Grant","Horstman, Neil W., 1946-2020","Payne, John Lee, Sr., 1943-2007","Embrey, Ernest \"Lee\", Jr.","Talbot, Robert \"Abie\"","Dawson, Kenneth","Keeler, Sue","Kennedy, Flora","St. Mars, Hope","Tancil, Gladys","Meadows, Christine, 1932-2013","Tisara, Nina","Sarbanes, Paul","Lee, Jane Carew, 1931-2019","Stanton, Robert George, 1940-","Connolly, Harry, 1952-","Funderburk, Charles F.","Todd, Scotty","Staten, Henry","Carter, Theodore M.","Miller, Rebecca","Eves, Ethel","McDermott, Charlie","Hayes, Rutherford B., 1822-1893","Hayes, Lucy Webb, 1831-1889","Halsted, Nancy Marsh, 1817-1891","Hudson, Susan Edwards Johnson, 1825-1913","Gould, Jay, 1836-1892","Harrison, Benjamin, 1833-1901","Morton, Levi P.  (Levi Parsons), 1824-1920","McKinley, William, 1834-1901","Heinrich, Prince of Prussia, 1862-1929","Edison, Thomas A. (Thomas Alva), 1847-1931","Daniels, Josephus, 1862-1948","Comegys, Harriet Clayton, 1840-1927","Townsend, Justine Van Rensselaer, 1828-1912","Joffre, Joseph Jacques Césaire, 1852-1931","Viviani, René, 1863-1925","Balfour, Arthur James, 1848-1930","Foster, George E., Sir (George Eulas), 1847-1931","Lansing, Robert, 1864-1928","Riggs, Jane Agnes, 1854-1930","Moncheur, Ludovic, Baron, 1857-1940","Vesnić, Milenko, 1863-1921","Reading, Rufus Daniel Isaacs, Marquess of, 1860-1935","Lang, Cosmo Gordon, 1864-1945","Tokugawa, Iesato, 1863-1940","Albert I, King of the Belgians, 1875-1934","Marshall, Thomas R. (Thomas Riley), 1854-1925","Léopold III, King of the Belgians, 1901-1983","Elisabeth, Queen, consort of Albert I, King of the Belgians, 1876-1965","Foster, Victorine Du Pont, 1849-1934","Townsend, Amy Cornell","Marshall, Lois Irene Kimsey, 1873-1958","Baker, Newton Diehl, 1871-1937","Windsor, Edward, Duke of, 1894-1972","Phillips, William, 1878-1968","Gouraud, Henri, 1867-1946","Calles, Plutarco Elías, 1877-1945","Wright, J. Butler  (Joshua Butler), 1877-1939","George, David Lloyd, 1863-1945","Marie, Queen, consort of Ferdinand I, King of Romania, 1875-1938","Howard, Eleanor Washington, 1856-1937","Whitehill, Clarence, 1871-1932","Curtis, Charles, 1860-1936","Hoover, Herbert, 1874-1964","Hoover, Lou Henry, 1874-1944","Roosevelt, Eleanor, 1884-1962","Thayer, Pauline Revere, 1862-1934","Hart, Laurance H.","Roosevelt, Franklin D.  (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945","Damtew, Desta, Ras, 1892-1937","Richards, Alice Haliburton King, 1860-1936","Peery, George Campbell, 1873-1952","Peery, Nancy Gillespie, 1882-1963","Page, Roswell, 1858-1939","Call, Norman, 1880-1959","Smoot, William Albert, 2nd, 1878-1941","Watson, Edwin M.  (Edwin Martin), 1883-1945","Bastedo, Paul, 1887-1951","Buchan, John, 1875-1940","Stirl, George S.","George VI, King of Great Britain, 1895-1952","Elizabeth, Queen, consort of George VI, King of Great Britain, 1900-2002","Lamb, William Harrison","Marler, Howard B.","Towner, Harriet C. (Harriet Cole), 1869-1942","Qualters, Thomas","Bloom, Sol, 1870-1949","Lindsay, Ronald C., 1877-1945","Lindsay, Elizabeth Sherman Hoyt, 1885-1954","Somoza, Anastasio, 1896-1956","Somoza, Salvadora Debayle, 1895-1987","Juliana, Queen of the Netherlands, 1909-2004","Churchill, Winston, 1874-1965","Prado y Ugarteche, Manuel, 1889-1967","Petar II Karađorđević, King of Yugoslavia, 1923-1970","Darden, Colgate W. (Colgate Whitehead), 1897-1981","Wallington, Jimmy","Moncure, Henry T.","Chiang, May-ling Soong, 1897-2003","Brown, Wilson, 1882-1957","Peñaranda Castillo, Enrique, 1892-1969","Beneš, Edvard, 1884-1948","Billups, Mary Govan, 1874-1971","Failing, Mary Forbush, 1862-1947","Denham, Mary Simkins, 1868-1950","Loughborough, Louise Wright, 1881-1962","Hanks, Mary Esther Vilas, 1873-1959","Carpenter, Harriet Isham, 1869-1948","Morínigo, Higinio, 1897-1983","Mikołajczyk, Stanisław, 1901-1966","Gaulle, Charles de, 1890-1970","Hoppenot, Henri","Sveinn Björnsson, 1881-1952","Thor Thors, 1903-1965","Grau San Martín, Ramón, 1887-1969","ʻAbd al-Ilāh, Prince, 1913-1958","Ríos Morales, Juan Antonio, 1888-1946","Stelle, John H., 1891-1962","Cassell, C. Abayomi (Christian Abayomi)","Bevin, Ernest, 1881-1951","Saud, King of Saudi Arabia, 1902-1969","Alexander of Tunis, Harold Rupert Leofric George Alexander, Earl, 1891-1969","Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972","Patterson, Robert Porter, 1891-1952","Alemán, Miguel, 1905-1983","Marshall, George C. (George Catlett), 1880-1959","Clark, Tom C. (Tom Campbell), 1899-1977","Thurmond, Strom, 1902-2003","Thurmond, Jean Crouch, 1926-1960","Dutra, Eurico Gaspar, 1883-1974","Nehru, Kamala, 1899-1936","Nehru, Jawaharlal, 1889-1964","Gandhi, Indira, 1917-1984","Franks, Oliver, Baron, 1905-1992","Elizabeth II, Queen of Great Britain, 1926-","Philip, Prince, consort of Elizabeth II, Queen of Great Britain, 1921-2021","Simmons, John F. (John Farr), 1892-1968","Akihito, Emperor Emeritus of Japan, 1933-","Paul I, King of the Hellenes, 1901-1964","Frederika, Queen, consort of Paul I, King of the Hellenes, 1917-1981","Rhee, Syngman, 1875-1965","Haile Selassie I, Emperor of Ethiopia, 1892-1975","Tubman, William V. S., 1895-1971","Warren, Romayne Latta, 1877-1968","Magloire, Paul Eugène, 1907-2001","Scelba, Mario, 1901-","Martino, Gaetano, 1900-1967","Phibūnsongkhrām, Plǣk, 1897-1964","Nu, U, 1907-1995","Albert II, King of the Belgians, 1934-","Conger, Clement E.","Cunha, Paulo, 1908-1986","Robertson, Albert James, 1893-1978","Broyhill, Joel T.  (Joel Thomas), 1919-2006","Buxton, Clarence Edward, 1888-1978","Soekarno, 1901-1970","Cumming, Hugh S. (Hugh Smith), Jr., 1900-1986","Kishi, Nobusuke, 1896-1987","Giscard d'Estaing, Valéry, 1926-2020","Ford, Gerald R., 1913-2006","Cooke, Elizabeth Throckmorton, 1897-1993","Carter, Rosalynn","Bush, George, 1924-2018","Hussein, King of Jordan, 1935-1999","Bush, Laura Welch, 1946-","Bush, George W. (George Walker), 1946-","Slaughter, Philip, Reverend, 1808-1890","Sharples, James, 1752-1811","Houdon, Jean-Antoine, 1741-1828","Mills, Clark, 1810-1883","Crosby, Ellen Lovell, 1853-1942","Crosby, Virginia Van Stone, 1888-1964","Merritt, J. D.","Mott, Agnes Peter, 1880-1957","Washington, Martha, 1731-1802","Kennon, Britannia Wellington Peter, 1815-1911","Bush, Margaret Gage","Everett, Edward, 1794-1865","Rockwood, George Gardner, 1832-1911","Farnsworth, Hannah Blake, 1802-1879","Lewis, Eleanor Parke Custis, 1779-1852","Gutekunst, Frederick, 1831-1917","McHenry, Mary","Mitchell, Jim, 1795-1870","Bufford, John Henry, 1810-1870","Nichols, David","Wright, Joseph, 1756-1793","Peale, Charles Willson, 1741-1827","Lee, Mary Randolph Custis, 1808-1873","Ferris, Stephen James, 1835-1915","Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865","Stuart, Gilbert, 1755-1828","Wollaston, John, 1710-1775?","Custis, George Washington Parke, 1781-1857","Leutze, Emanuel, 1816-1868","Worth, E. M. (Edwin M.), Professor, 1838-1917","Brewerton, George Douglas, 1820-1901","Whitehurst, Jesse Harrison, 1819-1875","Ingersoll, T. W. (Truman Ward), 1862-1922","Gibbs, J. (Joseph) Norman, 1855-1933","Lewis, Annie Burr Auchincloss, 1902-1959","Broadwell, Elizabeth Lytle","Sarony, Napoleon, 1821-1896","Dickinson, Alice London, 1814-1881","Eve, Philoclea Edgeworth Casey, 1813-1889","Pine, Robert Edge, 1730?-1788","Harper, Emily L. (Emily Louisa), 1812-1892","Rinehart, A. E.  (Alfred Edward), 1851-1915","Hill, Alice Hale, 1840-1908","Miley, Michael, 1841-1918","Lafayette, Marie Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert Du Motier, marquis de, 1757-1834","Laughton, Lily Macalester Berghmans, 1832-1891","Platz, Max","Leiter, Mary Theresa, 1844-1913","Murat, Catherine Willis, 1803-1867","Thomas, Samuel A.","Ritchie, Anna Cora Mowatt, 1819-1870","Washington, Mary Ball, 1708-1789","Naramore, D. H. (Daniel H.)","Baulch, William","Loyd, William","Langenheim, Frederick, 1809-1879","Langenheim, William, 1807-1874","England, William, 1830-1896","Waldsmith, Robert, 1913-1993","Stacy, George, 1831-1897","White, Hawley C.","Singley,  B. L.  (Benjamin Lloyd)","Kelley, E. W., active 1868-1908","Cremer, James, 1821-1893","Bell, William, 1830-1910","Wasson, C. L. (Charles L.)","Newell, Robert, 1822-1897","Brown, Henry Kirke, 1814-1886","Tuttle, H. C.","Kilburn, B. W.  (Benjamin West), 1827-1909","Weil, P. F. (Peter F.)","Chase, W. M.  (William M.), approximately 1818-1901","Butler, Lucretia Wolcott Dodge, 1876-1914","Greenough, Horatio, 1805-1852","O'Donovan, William Rudolph, 1844-1920","Votaw, Albert H.  (Albert Hiatt), 1850-1931","Walker, Lewis E.  (Lewis Emory), 1822-1880","DeSouza, E.","Miller, Arthur C.","Ulman, Nathalia","Rau, William Herman, 1855-1920","Thurston, John H.","Thompson, E. B. (Ezra Bowen), 1865-1951","Pyle, Howard, 1853-1911","Van Altena, Edward, 1873-1968","Heyder, Augusta A.","Wilcox, William A. (William Alonzo), 1857-"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":3769,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:25:15.852Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vimtvl_repositories_4_resources_49","ead_ssi":"vimtvl_repositories_4_resources_49","_root_":"vimtvl_repositories_4_resources_49","_nest_parent_":"vimtvl_repositories_4_resources_49","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/MV/repositories_4_resources_49.xml","title_ssm":["Historical Photograph Collection"],"title_tesim":["Historical Photograph Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1850-2010"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1850-2010"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1850/2010"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Historical Photograph Collection, 1850/2010"],"text":["Historical Photograph Collection, 1850/2010","HPC","/repositories/4/resources/49","This collection is open for research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. The library reserves the right to restrict access to certain items for preservation purposes.","The Historical Photograph Collection is an artifical collection organized in functional order. Items are first arranged by subject and then subsequently by media format and size.","Items in this collection were either created by or under contract by the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association or acquired by gift and purchase from various sources. Materials are added to the collection as they are acquired. For additional information please contact the Manager of Visual Resources.","The Historical Photograph Collection is largely comprised of materials created by or for the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association. Some of the earliest photographs of the estate were created and sold to visitors by the Association as a means of income. Those efforts helped to establish an important collection of 19th century views. The collection spans the 1850s to 2000s and includes over 140 linear feet of analog material providing a visual history of the Mansion, outbuildings, tombs, grounds, events, visitors, collection objects, personnel, and changes throughout the estate.","Photo Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union","Detroit Publishing Co.","Commercial Photo Co.","Henry's Camera Center","Brown Brothers (New York, N.Y.)","Library of Congress","Wayne Studio and Photographic Color Laboratories","United States. Forest Service","F. W. Van Zile Popular Tours","United States. Federal Highway Administration","Associates' Photography and News Service","Washington star-news (Washington, D.C.) (1852-1981)","Kadel \u0026 Herbert News Service (New York)","Wide World Photos, inc.","Hart, Schaffner \u0026 Marx","Davis, Wick, Rosengarten Company, Inc.","Sunday Group Editorial Service","Sunday Sun Magazine","Smithsonian American Art Museum","Grand Army of the Republic","Washington Photo Co. (1900s)","Judd \u0026 Detweiler","Central News Photo Service","Bain News Service","National Pictorial News","American Legion","National Photo Company","Warner Bros. Pictures (1923-1967)","Boy Scouts of America","International News Photos (New York, N.Y.)","National Broadcast Company","Rembrandt Studios, Inc.","Freemasons. Alexandria-Washington Lodge, No. 22 (Alexandria, Va.)","Washington Times-Herald","Acme Newspictures (New York, N.Y.)","U. S. Army Signal Corps","United States Information Agency","Carl Byoir \u0026 Associates","Republic Aviation Corporation","White House (Washington, D.C.)","Frick Art Reference Library (New York)","Corcoran Gallery of Art","Allen \u0026 Horton","Wenderoth, Taylor \u0026 Brown","Boude \u0026 Miley Photographers","Bell \u0026 Bro. (Washington, D.C.)","Currier \u0026 Ives","Whitehurst Gallery (Washington, D.C.)","Seeley \u0026 Murphy","R. F. Field \u0026 Co.","American Stereoscopic Company","Langenheim, Loyd \u0026 Co.","E. \u0026 H.T. Anthony (Firm)","London Stereoscopic Company","Underwood \u0026 Underwood","H.C. White Co.","Berry, Kelley \u0026 Chadwick","American Colortype Company","Kilburn Brothers","International View Co.","Stereo-Travel Co.","R. Newell \u0026 Son","Centennial Photographic Co.","Rudolph Lesch Fine Arts, Inc.","Young People's Christian Union (Founded 1893)","Israel \u0026 Riddle. Stephen Israel","H. E. Hoyt \u0026 Co.","Beck Engraving Company","McIntosh Stereopticon Co.","Williams, Brown \u0026 Earle","Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences","A. D. Handy, Stereopticons and Supplies (Boston, Ma)","Soule Art Company","Washington and Lee University","American Museum of Natural History (New York)","New York (State) Education Department. Division of visual instruction.","L. Manasse, Lantern Slides (Chicago)","Pennsylvania. State Museum (Harrisburg, PA)","Fisher, Robert B.","Dunlop, James R.","Leet Bros.","Abbott, Harold T.","Chamberlain, Samuel V., 1895-1975","Johnston, Frances Benjamin, 1864-1952","Dillon, Luke C., 1836-1904","Gardner, Alexander, 1821-1882","Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","Rowe, Abbie, 1905-1967","Meek, James W.","Harris \u0026 Ewing","Brady, Mathew B., approximately 1823-1896","Penrose, Henry K.","Louden, Orren R.","Trowbridge, Raymond W., 1886-1936","Johnson, N. G.  (Newton G.)","Parker, Edmund, 1827-1898","Bushrod, Thomas, 1825-1902","Jarvis, J. F.  (John Fillis), 1849-1931","Glocker, Charles Peyton","Glocker, Marietta Rodgers Cooper, 1845-1920","Davis, V. C.","Simms, Charles","Graham, Albert Belmont, 1868-1960","Woltz, Lewis P.","Baker, Reid S.","Laverty, H.J.","Lossing, Benson John, 1813-1891","Bailey, Worth, 1908-1980","Sprouse, Edith Moore","Lehman, Harry","Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Dodge, Harrison Howell, 1852-1937","Petitt, Arthur","Grimsley, Norman","Doughton, Page","Kennedy, George","Hatch","Webster, John Wallace","Grimsley, Norman, 1890-1976","Maxey, Mary Frances Campbell","Cragg, Esther Thomas, 1900-1966","Ritter, H.H.","Hillers, J.K.","Gibbs, Edward C., 1893-1963","Gibbs, Francis T.","Loeb, Morris, 1878-1969","Neitzey, Wilfred Henry, 1895-1988","Wernle, Albert","Vandenberg, Arthur H., Senator, 1884-1951","Washington, George, 1732-1799","Battle, John Stewart, 1890-1972","Harkness, Hope Hodgman Powel, 1889-1974","Tarr, Irene Haley, 1898-1988","Furness, Anna Ramsey, 1876-1964","Isham, Elizabeth Totten","Tyler, Constance Ellen, 1911-1963","Burdick, Alison Ward, 1912-2007","Lamont, Elinor Miner, 1901-1972","Sullivan, Priscilla Manning, 1911-1994","Cabot, Nancy Graves, 1889-1969","Beirne, Rosamond Randall, 1894-1969","Moore, Susan Rutledge, 1906-1987","Platt, Page Anderson, 1899-1984","Bolton, Frances Payne Bingham, 1885-1977","Leary, Eliza Ferry, 1851-1935","Fisher, Amos","Herbert, Upton","Tracy, Sarah, 1820-1896","Hollingsworth, John McHenry, 1823-1889","Blake, Levi Lowell, 1830-1904","Burgess, William H., 1816-1893","Woodbridge, S. Homer (Samuel Homer), 1848","Young , James","Sully, Thomas, 1783-1872","Petigru, James Louis, 1789-1863","Fraser, Charles, 1782-1860","Yancey, William Lowndes, 1814-1863","Thomas, O. J. \"Buck\" (Oswald)","Rouse, Harrison Dodge","Cragg, James \"Finney\", 1898-1977","Washington, Julian H., 1894-1953","Craig, James Y., 1839-1926","Bailey, Olive, 1903-1980","Quander, Thomas H.","Ford, George F., 1859-1935","Kaessinger, Charles H.","Holland, William, 1887-1968","Heiberg, Anna Howell Dodge, 1877-1967","Lowther, Minnie Kendall, 1869-1947","Livingood, Lily Foster","Rouse, James B., 1896-1946","Killam, Charles W.","Rouse, William L.","Enersen, Lawrence","Permar, William Jones, 1856-1940","Lacey, Fred","Simms, Walter","Ayres, Tom","Collins, Howard","Rogers, Manuel","McCalley, Charles","Deavers, Linton, 1906-1968","Costello, Ernest","Miller, George W. (Willie)","Taylor, Roy","Morse, Frank","Clapp, Harvey, Jr.","Fredericks, Harold J.","Duvall, James Garfield (Jesse)","Barnwell, Edward","Sutliff, Shirley","Tindall, Joyce","Neitzey, Albert","Macomber, Walter","Simms, Sherman","Thane, Elswyth, 1900-1984","Embrey, Ernest","Dodson, Howard","Thomas, James","Jacobs, William","Hammond, Frank H.","Castellani, John A., 1944-1993","Dakin, Monta Lee","Rhodehamel, John, H.","Clark, Ellen McCallister, 1953-","Norton, Dean","Schrage-Norton, Susanne","Thompson, Mary V., 1955-","Gorham, Anne Huber","Miller, Johnnie J.","Bermingham, Philip","Harbour, John E.","Compton, Grant","Horstman, Neil W., 1946-2020","Payne, John Lee, Sr., 1943-2007","Embrey, Ernest \"Lee\", Jr.","Talbot, Robert \"Abie\"","Dawson, Kenneth","Keeler, Sue","Kennedy, Flora","St. Mars, Hope","Tancil, Gladys","Meadows, Christine, 1932-2013","Tisara, Nina","Sarbanes, Paul","Lee, Jane Carew, 1931-2019","Stanton, Robert George, 1940-","Connolly, Harry, 1952-","Funderburk, Charles F.","Todd, Scotty","Staten, Henry","Carter, Theodore M.","Miller, Rebecca","Eves, Ethel","McDermott, Charlie","Hayes, Rutherford B., 1822-1893","Hayes, Lucy Webb, 1831-1889","Halsted, Nancy Marsh, 1817-1891","Hudson, Susan Edwards Johnson, 1825-1913","Gould, Jay, 1836-1892","Harrison, Benjamin, 1833-1901","Morton, Levi P.  (Levi Parsons), 1824-1920","McKinley, William, 1834-1901","Heinrich, Prince of Prussia, 1862-1929","Edison, Thomas A. (Thomas Alva), 1847-1931","Daniels, Josephus, 1862-1948","Comegys, Harriet Clayton, 1840-1927","Townsend, Justine Van Rensselaer, 1828-1912","Joffre, Joseph Jacques Césaire, 1852-1931","Viviani, René, 1863-1925","Balfour, Arthur James, 1848-1930","Foster, George E., Sir (George Eulas), 1847-1931","Lansing, Robert, 1864-1928","Riggs, Jane Agnes, 1854-1930","Moncheur, Ludovic, Baron, 1857-1940","Vesnić, Milenko, 1863-1921","Reading, Rufus Daniel Isaacs, Marquess of, 1860-1935","Lang, Cosmo Gordon, 1864-1945","Tokugawa, Iesato, 1863-1940","Albert I, King of the Belgians, 1875-1934","Marshall, Thomas R. (Thomas Riley), 1854-1925","Léopold III, King of the Belgians, 1901-1983","Elisabeth, Queen, consort of Albert I, King of the Belgians, 1876-1965","Foster, Victorine Du Pont, 1849-1934","Townsend, Amy Cornell","Marshall, Lois Irene Kimsey, 1873-1958","Baker, Newton Diehl, 1871-1937","Windsor, Edward, Duke of, 1894-1972","Phillips, William, 1878-1968","Gouraud, Henri, 1867-1946","Calles, Plutarco Elías, 1877-1945","Wright, J. Butler  (Joshua Butler), 1877-1939","George, David Lloyd, 1863-1945","Marie, Queen, consort of Ferdinand I, King of Romania, 1875-1938","Howard, Eleanor Washington, 1856-1937","Whitehill, Clarence, 1871-1932","Curtis, Charles, 1860-1936","Hoover, Herbert, 1874-1964","Hoover, Lou Henry, 1874-1944","Roosevelt, Eleanor, 1884-1962","Thayer, Pauline Revere, 1862-1934","Hart, Laurance H.","Roosevelt, Franklin D.  (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945","Damtew, Desta, Ras, 1892-1937","Richards, Alice Haliburton King, 1860-1936","Peery, George Campbell, 1873-1952","Peery, Nancy Gillespie, 1882-1963","Page, Roswell, 1858-1939","Call, Norman, 1880-1959","Smoot, William Albert, 2nd, 1878-1941","Watson, Edwin M.  (Edwin Martin), 1883-1945","Bastedo, Paul, 1887-1951","Buchan, John, 1875-1940","Stirl, George S.","George VI, King of Great Britain, 1895-1952","Elizabeth, Queen, consort of George VI, King of Great Britain, 1900-2002","Lamb, William Harrison","Marler, Howard B.","Towner, Harriet C. (Harriet Cole), 1869-1942","Qualters, Thomas","Bloom, Sol, 1870-1949","Lindsay, Ronald C., 1877-1945","Lindsay, Elizabeth Sherman Hoyt, 1885-1954","Somoza, Anastasio, 1896-1956","Somoza, Salvadora Debayle, 1895-1987","Juliana, Queen of the Netherlands, 1909-2004","Churchill, Winston, 1874-1965","Prado y Ugarteche, Manuel, 1889-1967","Petar II Karađorđević, King of Yugoslavia, 1923-1970","Darden, Colgate W. 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White Co.","Berry, Kelley \u0026 Chadwick","American Colortype Company","Kilburn Brothers","International View Co.","Stereo-Travel Co.","R. Newell \u0026 Son","Centennial Photographic Co.","Rudolph Lesch Fine Arts, Inc.","Young People's Christian Union (Founded 1893)","Israel \u0026 Riddle. Stephen Israel","H. E. Hoyt \u0026 Co.","Beck Engraving Company","McIntosh Stereopticon Co.","Williams, Brown \u0026 Earle","Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences","A. D. Handy, Stereopticons and Supplies (Boston, Ma)","Soule Art Company","Washington and Lee University","American Museum of Natural History (New York)","New York (State) Education Department. Division of visual instruction.","L. Manasse, Lantern Slides (Chicago)","Pennsylvania. 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C.","Simms, Charles","Graham, Albert Belmont, 1868-1960","Woltz, Lewis P.","Baker, Reid S.","Laverty, H.J.","Lossing, Benson John, 1813-1891","Bailey, Worth, 1908-1980","Sprouse, Edith Moore","Lehman, Harry","Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Dodge, Harrison Howell, 1852-1937","Petitt, Arthur","Grimsley, Norman","Doughton, Page","Kennedy, George","Hatch","Webster, John Wallace","Grimsley, Norman, 1890-1976","Maxey, Mary Frances Campbell","Cragg, Esther Thomas, 1900-1966","Ritter, H.H.","Hillers, J.K.","Gibbs, Edward C., 1893-1963","Gibbs, Francis T.","Loeb, Morris, 1878-1969","Neitzey, Wilfred Henry, 1895-1988","Wernle, Albert","Vandenberg, Arthur H., Senator, 1884-1951","Washington, George, 1732-1799","Battle, John Stewart, 1890-1972","Harkness, Hope Hodgman Powel, 1889-1974","Tarr, Irene Haley, 1898-1988","Furness, Anna Ramsey, 1876-1964","Isham, Elizabeth Totten","Tyler, Constance Ellen, 1911-1963","Burdick, Alison Ward, 1912-2007","Lamont, Elinor Miner, 1901-1972","Sullivan, Priscilla Manning, 1911-1994","Cabot, Nancy Graves, 1889-1969","Beirne, Rosamond Randall, 1894-1969","Moore, Susan Rutledge, 1906-1987","Platt, Page Anderson, 1899-1984","Bolton, Frances Payne Bingham, 1885-1977","Leary, Eliza Ferry, 1851-1935","Fisher, Amos","Herbert, Upton","Tracy, Sarah, 1820-1896","Hollingsworth, John McHenry, 1823-1889","Blake, Levi Lowell, 1830-1904","Burgess, William H., 1816-1893","Woodbridge, S. Homer (Samuel Homer), 1848","Young , James","Sully, Thomas, 1783-1872","Petigru, James Louis, 1789-1863","Fraser, Charles, 1782-1860","Yancey, William Lowndes, 1814-1863","Thomas, O. J. \"Buck\" (Oswald)","Rouse, Harrison Dodge","Cragg, James \"Finney\", 1898-1977","Washington, Julian H., 1894-1953","Craig, James Y., 1839-1926","Bailey, Olive, 1903-1980","Quander, Thomas H.","Ford, George F., 1859-1935","Kaessinger, Charles H.","Holland, William, 1887-1968","Heiberg, Anna Howell Dodge, 1877-1967","Lowther, Minnie Kendall, 1869-1947","Livingood, Lily Foster","Rouse, James B., 1896-1946","Killam, Charles W.","Rouse, William L.","Enersen, Lawrence","Permar, William Jones, 1856-1940","Lacey, Fred","Simms, Walter","Ayres, Tom","Collins, Howard","Rogers, Manuel","McCalley, Charles","Deavers, Linton, 1906-1968","Costello, Ernest","Miller, George W. (Willie)","Taylor, Roy","Morse, Frank","Clapp, Harvey, Jr.","Fredericks, Harold J.","Duvall, James Garfield (Jesse)","Barnwell, Edward","Sutliff, Shirley","Tindall, Joyce","Neitzey, Albert","Macomber, Walter","Simms, Sherman","Thane, Elswyth, 1900-1984","Embrey, Ernest","Dodson, Howard","Thomas, James","Jacobs, William","Hammond, Frank H.","Castellani, John A., 1944-1993","Dakin, Monta Lee","Rhodehamel, John, H.","Clark, Ellen McCallister, 1953-","Norton, Dean","Schrage-Norton, Susanne","Thompson, Mary V., 1955-","Gorham, Anne Huber","Miller, Johnnie J.","Bermingham, Philip","Harbour, John E.","Compton, Grant","Horstman, Neil W., 1946-2020","Payne, John Lee, Sr., 1943-2007","Embrey, Ernest \"Lee\", Jr.","Talbot, Robert \"Abie\"","Dawson, Kenneth","Keeler, Sue","Kennedy, Flora","St. Mars, Hope","Tancil, Gladys","Meadows, Christine, 1932-2013","Tisara, Nina","Sarbanes, Paul","Lee, Jane Carew, 1931-2019","Stanton, Robert George, 1940-","Connolly, Harry, 1952-","Funderburk, Charles F.","Todd, Scotty","Staten, Henry","Carter, Theodore M.","Miller, Rebecca","Eves, Ethel","McDermott, Charlie","Hayes, Rutherford B., 1822-1893","Hayes, Lucy Webb, 1831-1889","Halsted, Nancy Marsh, 1817-1891","Hudson, Susan Edwards Johnson, 1825-1913","Gould, Jay, 1836-1892","Harrison, Benjamin, 1833-1901","Morton, Levi P.  (Levi Parsons), 1824-1920","McKinley, William, 1834-1901","Heinrich, Prince of Prussia, 1862-1929","Edison, Thomas A. (Thomas Alva), 1847-1931","Daniels, Josephus, 1862-1948","Comegys, Harriet Clayton, 1840-1927","Townsend, Justine Van Rensselaer, 1828-1912","Joffre, Joseph Jacques Césaire, 1852-1931","Viviani, René, 1863-1925","Balfour, Arthur James, 1848-1930","Foster, George E., Sir (George Eulas), 1847-1931","Lansing, Robert, 1864-1928","Riggs, Jane Agnes, 1854-1930","Moncheur, Ludovic, Baron, 1857-1940","Vesnić, Milenko, 1863-1921","Reading, Rufus Daniel Isaacs, Marquess of, 1860-1935","Lang, Cosmo Gordon, 1864-1945","Tokugawa, Iesato, 1863-1940","Albert I, King of the Belgians, 1875-1934","Marshall, Thomas R. (Thomas Riley), 1854-1925","Léopold III, King of the Belgians, 1901-1983","Elisabeth, Queen, consort of Albert I, King of the Belgians, 1876-1965","Foster, Victorine Du Pont, 1849-1934","Townsend, Amy Cornell","Marshall, Lois Irene Kimsey, 1873-1958","Baker, Newton Diehl, 1871-1937","Windsor, Edward, Duke of, 1894-1972","Phillips, William, 1878-1968","Gouraud, Henri, 1867-1946","Calles, Plutarco Elías, 1877-1945","Wright, J. Butler  (Joshua Butler), 1877-1939","George, David Lloyd, 1863-1945","Marie, Queen, consort of Ferdinand I, King of Romania, 1875-1938","Howard, Eleanor Washington, 1856-1937","Whitehill, Clarence, 1871-1932","Curtis, Charles, 1860-1936","Hoover, Herbert, 1874-1964","Hoover, Lou Henry, 1874-1944","Roosevelt, Eleanor, 1884-1962","Thayer, Pauline Revere, 1862-1934","Hart, Laurance H.","Roosevelt, Franklin D.  (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945","Damtew, Desta, Ras, 1892-1937","Richards, Alice Haliburton King, 1860-1936","Peery, George Campbell, 1873-1952","Peery, Nancy Gillespie, 1882-1963","Page, Roswell, 1858-1939","Call, Norman, 1880-1959","Smoot, William Albert, 2nd, 1878-1941","Watson, Edwin M.  (Edwin Martin), 1883-1945","Bastedo, Paul, 1887-1951","Buchan, John, 1875-1940","Stirl, George S.","George VI, King of Great Britain, 1895-1952","Elizabeth, Queen, consort of George VI, King of Great Britain, 1900-2002","Lamb, William Harrison","Marler, Howard B.","Towner, Harriet C. (Harriet Cole), 1869-1942","Qualters, Thomas","Bloom, Sol, 1870-1949","Lindsay, Ronald C., 1877-1945","Lindsay, Elizabeth Sherman Hoyt, 1885-1954","Somoza, Anastasio, 1896-1956","Somoza, Salvadora Debayle, 1895-1987","Juliana, Queen of the Netherlands, 1909-2004","Churchill, Winston, 1874-1965","Prado y Ugarteche, Manuel, 1889-1967","Petar II Karađorđević, King of Yugoslavia, 1923-1970","Darden, Colgate W. (Colgate Whitehead), 1897-1981","Wallington, Jimmy","Moncure, Henry T.","Chiang, May-ling Soong, 1897-2003","Brown, Wilson, 1882-1957","Peñaranda Castillo, Enrique, 1892-1969","Beneš, Edvard, 1884-1948","Billups, Mary Govan, 1874-1971","Failing, Mary Forbush, 1862-1947","Denham, Mary Simkins, 1868-1950","Loughborough, Louise Wright, 1881-1962","Hanks, Mary Esther Vilas, 1873-1959","Carpenter, Harriet Isham, 1869-1948","Morínigo, Higinio, 1897-1983","Mikołajczyk, Stanisław, 1901-1966","Gaulle, Charles de, 1890-1970","Hoppenot, Henri","Sveinn Björnsson, 1881-1952","Thor Thors, 1903-1965","Grau San Martín, Ramón, 1887-1969","ʻAbd al-Ilāh, Prince, 1913-1958","Ríos Morales, Juan Antonio, 1888-1946","Stelle, John H., 1891-1962","Cassell, C. Abayomi (Christian Abayomi)","Bevin, Ernest, 1881-1951","Saud, King of Saudi Arabia, 1902-1969","Alexander of Tunis, Harold Rupert Leofric George Alexander, Earl, 1891-1969","Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972","Patterson, Robert Porter, 1891-1952","Alemán, Miguel, 1905-1983","Marshall, George C. (George Catlett), 1880-1959","Clark, Tom C. (Tom Campbell), 1899-1977","Thurmond, Strom, 1902-2003","Thurmond, Jean Crouch, 1926-1960","Dutra, Eurico Gaspar, 1883-1974","Nehru, Kamala, 1899-1936","Nehru, Jawaharlal, 1889-1964","Gandhi, Indira, 1917-1984","Franks, Oliver, Baron, 1905-1992","Elizabeth II, Queen of Great Britain, 1926-","Philip, Prince, consort of Elizabeth II, Queen of Great Britain, 1921-2021","Simmons, John F. (John Farr), 1892-1968","Akihito, Emperor Emeritus of Japan, 1933-","Paul I, King of the Hellenes, 1901-1964","Frederika, Queen, consort of Paul I, King of the Hellenes, 1917-1981","Rhee, Syngman, 1875-1965","Haile Selassie I, Emperor of Ethiopia, 1892-1975","Tubman, William V. S., 1895-1971","Warren, Romayne Latta, 1877-1968","Magloire, Paul Eugène, 1907-2001","Scelba, Mario, 1901-","Martino, Gaetano, 1900-1967","Phibūnsongkhrām, Plǣk, 1897-1964","Nu, U, 1907-1995","Albert II, King of the Belgians, 1934-","Conger, Clement E.","Cunha, Paulo, 1908-1986","Robertson, Albert James, 1893-1978","Broyhill, Joel T.  (Joel Thomas), 1919-2006","Buxton, Clarence Edward, 1888-1978","Soekarno, 1901-1970","Cumming, Hugh S. (Hugh Smith), Jr., 1900-1986","Kishi, Nobusuke, 1896-1987","Giscard d'Estaing, Valéry, 1926-2020","Ford, Gerald R., 1913-2006","Cooke, Elizabeth Throckmorton, 1897-1993","Carter, Rosalynn","Bush, George, 1924-2018","Hussein, King of Jordan, 1935-1999","Bush, Laura Welch, 1946-","Bush, George W. (George Walker), 1946-","Slaughter, Philip, Reverend, 1808-1890","Sharples, James, 1752-1811","Houdon, Jean-Antoine, 1741-1828","Mills, Clark, 1810-1883","Crosby, Ellen Lovell, 1853-1942","Crosby, Virginia Van Stone, 1888-1964","Merritt, J. D.","Mott, Agnes Peter, 1880-1957","Washington, Martha, 1731-1802","Kennon, Britannia Wellington Peter, 1815-1911","Bush, Margaret Gage","Everett, Edward, 1794-1865","Rockwood, George Gardner, 1832-1911","Farnsworth, Hannah Blake, 1802-1879","Lewis, Eleanor Parke Custis, 1779-1852","Gutekunst, Frederick, 1831-1917","McHenry, Mary","Mitchell, Jim, 1795-1870","Bufford, John Henry, 1810-1870","Nichols, David","Wright, Joseph, 1756-1793","Peale, Charles Willson, 1741-1827","Lee, Mary Randolph Custis, 1808-1873","Ferris, Stephen James, 1835-1915","Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865","Stuart, Gilbert, 1755-1828","Wollaston, John, 1710-1775?","Custis, George Washington Parke, 1781-1857","Leutze, Emanuel, 1816-1868","Worth, E. M. (Edwin M.), Professor, 1838-1917","Brewerton, George Douglas, 1820-1901","Whitehurst, Jesse Harrison, 1819-1875","Ingersoll, T. W. (Truman Ward), 1862-1922","Gibbs, J. (Joseph) Norman, 1855-1933","Lewis, Annie Burr Auchincloss, 1902-1959","Broadwell, Elizabeth Lytle","Sarony, Napoleon, 1821-1896","Dickinson, Alice London, 1814-1881","Eve, Philoclea Edgeworth Casey, 1813-1889","Pine, Robert Edge, 1730?-1788","Harper, Emily L. (Emily Louisa), 1812-1892","Rinehart, A. E.  (Alfred Edward), 1851-1915","Hill, Alice Hale, 1840-1908","Miley, Michael, 1841-1918","Lafayette, Marie Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert Du Motier, marquis de, 1757-1834","Laughton, Lily Macalester Berghmans, 1832-1891","Platz, Max","Leiter, Mary Theresa, 1844-1913","Murat, Catherine Willis, 1803-1867","Thomas, Samuel A.","Ritchie, Anna Cora Mowatt, 1819-1870","Washington, Mary Ball, 1708-1789","Naramore, D. H. (Daniel H.)","Baulch, William","Loyd, William","Langenheim, Frederick, 1809-1879","Langenheim, William, 1807-1874","England, William, 1830-1896","Waldsmith, Robert, 1913-1993","Stacy, George, 1831-1897","White, Hawley C.","Singley,  B. L.  (Benjamin Lloyd)","Kelley, E. W., active 1868-1908","Cremer, James, 1821-1893","Bell, William, 1830-1910","Wasson, C. L. (Charles L.)","Newell, Robert, 1822-1897","Brown, Henry Kirke, 1814-1886","Tuttle, H. C.","Kilburn, B. W.  (Benjamin West), 1827-1909","Weil, P. F. (Peter F.)","Chase, W. M.  (William M.), approximately 1818-1901","Butler, Lucretia Wolcott Dodge, 1876-1914","Greenough, Horatio, 1805-1852","O'Donovan, William Rudolph, 1844-1920","Votaw, Albert H.  (Albert Hiatt), 1850-1931","Walker, Lewis E.  (Lewis Emory), 1822-1880","DeSouza, E.","Miller, Arthur C.","Ulman, Nathalia","Rau, William Herman, 1855-1920","Thurston, John H.","Thompson, E. B. (Ezra Bowen), 1865-1951","Pyle, Howard, 1853-1911","Van Altena, Edward, 1873-1968","Heyder, Augusta A.","Wilcox, William A. (William Alonzo), 1857-","Photo Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union","Detroit Publishing Co.","Commercial Photo Co.","Henry's Camera Center","Brown Brothers (New York, N.Y.)","Library of Congress","Wayne Studio and Photographic Color Laboratories","United States. Forest Service","F. W. Van Zile Popular Tours","United States. Federal Highway Administration","Associates' Photography and News Service","Washington star-news (Washington, D.C.) (1852-1981)","Kadel \u0026 Herbert News Service (New York)","Wide World Photos, inc.","Hart, Schaffner \u0026 Marx","Davis, Wick, Rosengarten Company, Inc.","Sunday Group Editorial Service","Sunday Sun Magazine","Smithsonian American Art Museum","Grand Army of the Republic","Washington Photo Co. (1900s)","Judd \u0026 Detweiler","Central News Photo Service","Bain News Service","National Pictorial News","American Legion","National Photo Company","Warner Bros. Pictures (1923-1967)","Boy Scouts of America","International News Photos (New York, N.Y.)","National Broadcast Company","Rembrandt Studios, Inc.","Freemasons. Alexandria-Washington Lodge, No. 22 (Alexandria, Va.)","Washington Times-Herald","Acme Newspictures (New York, N.Y.)","U. S. Army Signal Corps","United States Information Agency","Carl Byoir \u0026 Associates","Republic Aviation Corporation","White House (Washington, D.C.)","Frick Art Reference Library (New York)","Corcoran Gallery of Art","Allen \u0026 Horton","Wenderoth, Taylor \u0026 Brown","Boude \u0026 Miley Photographers","Bell \u0026 Bro. (Washington, D.C.)","Currier \u0026 Ives","Whitehurst Gallery (Washington, D.C.)","Seeley \u0026 Murphy","R. F. Field \u0026 Co.","American Stereoscopic Company","Langenheim, Loyd \u0026 Co.","E. \u0026 H.T. Anthony (Firm)","London Stereoscopic Company","Underwood \u0026 Underwood","H.C. White Co.","Berry, Kelley \u0026 Chadwick","American Colortype Company","Kilburn Brothers","International View Co.","Stereo-Travel Co.","R. Newell \u0026 Son","Centennial Photographic Co.","Rudolph Lesch Fine Arts, Inc.","Young People's Christian Union (Founded 1893)","Israel \u0026 Riddle. Stephen Israel","H. E. Hoyt \u0026 Co.","Beck Engraving Company","McIntosh Stereopticon Co.","Williams, Brown \u0026 Earle","Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences","A. D. Handy, Stereopticons and Supplies (Boston, Ma)","Soule Art Company","Washington and Lee University","American Museum of Natural History (New York)","New York (State) Education Department. Division of visual instruction.","L. Manasse, Lantern Slides (Chicago)","Pennsylvania. State Museum (Harrisburg, PA)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["89 Linear Feet Variety of container sizes based on photograph sizes and material types. Over-sized items are housed in drawers."],"extent_tesim":["89 Linear Feet Variety of container sizes based on photograph sizes and material types. Over-sized items are housed in drawers."],"date_range_isim":[1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. The library reserves the right to restrict access to certain items for preservation purposes.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. The library reserves the right to restrict access to certain items for preservation purposes."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Historical Photograph Collection is an artifical collection organized in functional order. Items are first arranged by subject and then subsequently by media format and size.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Historical Photograph Collection is an artifical collection organized in functional order. Items are first arranged by subject and then subsequently by media format and size."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eItems in this collection were either created by or under contract by the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association or acquired by gift and purchase from various sources. Materials are added to the collection as they are acquired. For additional information please contact the Manager of Visual Resources.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["Items in this collection were either created by or under contract by the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association or acquired by gift and purchase from various sources. Materials are added to the collection as they are acquired. For additional information please contact the Manager of Visual Resources."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Name and date of item], Historical Photograph Collection, [Folder], Photo Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, The George Washington Presidential Library [hereafter Washington Library], Mount Vernon, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Name and date of item], Historical Photograph Collection, [Folder], Photo Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, The George Washington Presidential Library [hereafter Washington Library], Mount Vernon, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Historical Photograph Collection is largely comprised of materials created by or for the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association. Some of the earliest photographs of the estate were created and sold to visitors by the Association as a means of income. Those efforts helped to establish an important collection of 19th century views. The collection spans the 1850s to 2000s and includes over 140 linear feet of analog material providing a visual history of the Mansion, outbuildings, tombs, grounds, events, visitors, collection objects, personnel, and changes throughout the estate.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Historical Photograph Collection is largely comprised of materials created by or for the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association. Some of the earliest photographs of the estate were created and sold to visitors by the Association as a means of income. Those efforts helped to establish an important collection of 19th century views. The collection spans the 1850s to 2000s and includes over 140 linear feet of analog material providing a visual history of the Mansion, outbuildings, tombs, grounds, events, visitors, collection objects, personnel, and changes throughout the estate."],"corpname_ssim":["Photo Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union","Detroit Publishing Co.","Commercial Photo Co.","Henry's Camera Center","Brown Brothers (New York, N.Y.)","Library of Congress","Wayne Studio and Photographic Color Laboratories","United States. Forest Service","F. W. Van Zile Popular Tours","United States. Federal Highway Administration","Associates' Photography and News Service","Washington star-news (Washington, D.C.) (1852-1981)","Kadel \u0026 Herbert News Service (New York)","Wide World Photos, inc.","Hart, Schaffner \u0026 Marx","Davis, Wick, Rosengarten Company, Inc.","Sunday Group Editorial Service","Sunday Sun Magazine","Smithsonian American Art Museum","Grand Army of the Republic","Washington Photo Co. (1900s)","Judd \u0026 Detweiler","Central News Photo Service","Bain News Service","National Pictorial News","American Legion","National Photo Company","Warner Bros. Pictures (1923-1967)","Boy Scouts of America","International News Photos (New York, N.Y.)","National Broadcast Company","Rembrandt Studios, Inc.","Freemasons. Alexandria-Washington Lodge, No. 22 (Alexandria, Va.)","Washington Times-Herald","Acme Newspictures (New York, N.Y.)","U. S. Army Signal Corps","United States Information Agency","Carl Byoir \u0026 Associates","Republic Aviation Corporation","White House (Washington, D.C.)","Frick Art Reference Library (New York)","Corcoran Gallery of Art","Allen \u0026 Horton","Wenderoth, Taylor \u0026 Brown","Boude \u0026 Miley Photographers","Bell \u0026 Bro. (Washington, D.C.)","Currier \u0026 Ives","Whitehurst Gallery (Washington, D.C.)","Seeley \u0026 Murphy","R. F. Field \u0026 Co.","American Stereoscopic Company","Langenheim, Loyd \u0026 Co.","E. \u0026 H.T. Anthony (Firm)","London Stereoscopic Company","Underwood \u0026 Underwood","H.C. White Co.","Berry, Kelley \u0026 Chadwick","American Colortype Company","Kilburn Brothers","International View Co.","Stereo-Travel Co.","R. Newell \u0026 Son","Centennial Photographic Co.","Rudolph Lesch Fine Arts, Inc.","Young People's Christian Union (Founded 1893)","Israel \u0026 Riddle. Stephen Israel","H. E. Hoyt \u0026 Co.","Beck Engraving Company","McIntosh Stereopticon Co.","Williams, Brown \u0026 Earle","Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences","A. D. Handy, Stereopticons and Supplies (Boston, Ma)","Soule Art Company","Washington and Lee University","American Museum of Natural History (New York)","New York (State) Education Department. Division of visual instruction.","L. Manasse, Lantern Slides (Chicago)","Pennsylvania. State Museum (Harrisburg, PA)"],"persname_ssim":["Fisher, Robert B.","Dunlop, James R.","Leet Bros.","Abbott, Harold T.","Chamberlain, Samuel V., 1895-1975","Johnston, Frances Benjamin, 1864-1952","Dillon, Luke C., 1836-1904","Gardner, Alexander, 1821-1882","Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","Rowe, Abbie, 1905-1967","Meek, James W.","Harris \u0026 Ewing","Brady, Mathew B., approximately 1823-1896","Penrose, Henry K.","Louden, Orren R.","Trowbridge, Raymond W., 1886-1936","Johnson, N. G.  (Newton G.)","Parker, Edmund, 1827-1898","Bushrod, Thomas, 1825-1902","Jarvis, J. F.  (John Fillis), 1849-1931","Glocker, Charles Peyton","Glocker, Marietta Rodgers Cooper, 1845-1920","Davis, V. C.","Simms, Charles","Graham, Albert Belmont, 1868-1960","Woltz, Lewis P.","Baker, Reid S.","Laverty, H.J.","Lossing, Benson John, 1813-1891","Bailey, Worth, 1908-1980","Sprouse, Edith Moore","Lehman, Harry","Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Dodge, Harrison Howell, 1852-1937","Petitt, Arthur","Grimsley, Norman","Doughton, Page","Kennedy, George","Hatch","Webster, John Wallace","Grimsley, Norman, 1890-1976","Maxey, Mary Frances Campbell","Cragg, Esther Thomas, 1900-1966","Ritter, H.H.","Hillers, J.K.","Gibbs, Edward C., 1893-1963","Gibbs, Francis T.","Loeb, Morris, 1878-1969","Neitzey, Wilfred Henry, 1895-1988","Wernle, Albert","Vandenberg, Arthur H., Senator, 1884-1951","Washington, George, 1732-1799","Battle, John Stewart, 1890-1972","Harkness, Hope Hodgman Powel, 1889-1974","Tarr, Irene Haley, 1898-1988","Furness, Anna Ramsey, 1876-1964","Isham, Elizabeth Totten","Tyler, Constance Ellen, 1911-1963","Burdick, Alison Ward, 1912-2007","Lamont, Elinor Miner, 1901-1972","Sullivan, Priscilla Manning, 1911-1994","Cabot, Nancy Graves, 1889-1969","Beirne, Rosamond Randall, 1894-1969","Moore, Susan Rutledge, 1906-1987","Platt, Page Anderson, 1899-1984","Bolton, Frances Payne Bingham, 1885-1977","Leary, Eliza Ferry, 1851-1935","Fisher, Amos","Herbert, Upton","Tracy, Sarah, 1820-1896","Hollingsworth, John McHenry, 1823-1889","Blake, Levi Lowell, 1830-1904","Burgess, William H., 1816-1893","Woodbridge, S. Homer (Samuel Homer), 1848","Young , James","Sully, Thomas, 1783-1872","Petigru, James Louis, 1789-1863","Fraser, Charles, 1782-1860","Yancey, William Lowndes, 1814-1863","Thomas, O. J. \"Buck\" (Oswald)","Rouse, Harrison Dodge","Cragg, James \"Finney\", 1898-1977","Washington, Julian H., 1894-1953","Craig, James Y., 1839-1926","Bailey, Olive, 1903-1980","Quander, Thomas H.","Ford, George F., 1859-1935","Kaessinger, Charles H.","Holland, William, 1887-1968","Heiberg, Anna Howell Dodge, 1877-1967","Lowther, Minnie Kendall, 1869-1947","Livingood, Lily Foster","Rouse, James B., 1896-1946","Killam, Charles W.","Rouse, William L.","Enersen, Lawrence","Permar, William Jones, 1856-1940","Lacey, Fred","Simms, Walter","Ayres, Tom","Collins, Howard","Rogers, Manuel","McCalley, Charles","Deavers, Linton, 1906-1968","Costello, Ernest","Miller, George W. (Willie)","Taylor, Roy","Morse, Frank","Clapp, Harvey, Jr.","Fredericks, Harold J.","Duvall, James Garfield (Jesse)","Barnwell, Edward","Sutliff, Shirley","Tindall, Joyce","Neitzey, Albert","Macomber, Walter","Simms, Sherman","Thane, Elswyth, 1900-1984","Embrey, Ernest","Dodson, Howard","Thomas, James","Jacobs, William","Hammond, Frank H.","Castellani, John A., 1944-1993","Dakin, Monta Lee","Rhodehamel, John, H.","Clark, Ellen McCallister, 1953-","Norton, Dean","Schrage-Norton, Susanne","Thompson, Mary V., 1955-","Gorham, Anne Huber","Miller, Johnnie J.","Bermingham, Philip","Harbour, John E.","Compton, Grant","Horstman, Neil W., 1946-2020","Payne, John Lee, Sr., 1943-2007","Embrey, Ernest \"Lee\", Jr.","Talbot, Robert \"Abie\"","Dawson, Kenneth","Keeler, Sue","Kennedy, Flora","St. Mars, Hope","Tancil, Gladys","Meadows, Christine, 1932-2013","Tisara, Nina","Sarbanes, Paul","Lee, Jane Carew, 1931-2019","Stanton, Robert George, 1940-","Connolly, Harry, 1952-","Funderburk, Charles F.","Todd, Scotty","Staten, Henry","Carter, Theodore M.","Miller, Rebecca","Eves, Ethel","McDermott, Charlie","Hayes, Rutherford B., 1822-1893","Hayes, Lucy Webb, 1831-1889","Halsted, Nancy Marsh, 1817-1891","Hudson, Susan Edwards Johnson, 1825-1913","Gould, Jay, 1836-1892","Harrison, Benjamin, 1833-1901","Morton, Levi P.  (Levi Parsons), 1824-1920","McKinley, William, 1834-1901","Heinrich, Prince of Prussia, 1862-1929","Edison, Thomas A. (Thomas Alva), 1847-1931","Daniels, Josephus, 1862-1948","Comegys, Harriet Clayton, 1840-1927","Townsend, Justine Van Rensselaer, 1828-1912","Joffre, Joseph Jacques Césaire, 1852-1931","Viviani, René, 1863-1925","Balfour, Arthur James, 1848-1930","Foster, George E., Sir (George Eulas), 1847-1931","Lansing, Robert, 1864-1928","Riggs, Jane Agnes, 1854-1930","Moncheur, Ludovic, Baron, 1857-1940","Vesnić, Milenko, 1863-1921","Reading, Rufus Daniel Isaacs, Marquess of, 1860-1935","Lang, Cosmo Gordon, 1864-1945","Tokugawa, Iesato, 1863-1940","Albert I, King of the Belgians, 1875-1934","Marshall, Thomas R. (Thomas Riley), 1854-1925","Léopold III, King of the Belgians, 1901-1983","Elisabeth, Queen, consort of Albert I, King of the Belgians, 1876-1965","Foster, Victorine Du Pont, 1849-1934","Townsend, Amy Cornell","Marshall, Lois Irene Kimsey, 1873-1958","Baker, Newton Diehl, 1871-1937","Windsor, Edward, Duke of, 1894-1972","Phillips, William, 1878-1968","Gouraud, Henri, 1867-1946","Calles, Plutarco Elías, 1877-1945","Wright, J. Butler  (Joshua Butler), 1877-1939","George, David Lloyd, 1863-1945","Marie, Queen, consort of Ferdinand I, King of Romania, 1875-1938","Howard, Eleanor Washington, 1856-1937","Whitehill, Clarence, 1871-1932","Curtis, Charles, 1860-1936","Hoover, Herbert, 1874-1964","Hoover, Lou Henry, 1874-1944","Roosevelt, Eleanor, 1884-1962","Thayer, Pauline Revere, 1862-1934","Hart, Laurance H.","Roosevelt, Franklin D.  (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945","Damtew, Desta, Ras, 1892-1937","Richards, Alice Haliburton King, 1860-1936","Peery, George Campbell, 1873-1952","Peery, Nancy Gillespie, 1882-1963","Page, Roswell, 1858-1939","Call, Norman, 1880-1959","Smoot, William Albert, 2nd, 1878-1941","Watson, Edwin M.  (Edwin Martin), 1883-1945","Bastedo, Paul, 1887-1951","Buchan, John, 1875-1940","Stirl, George S.","George VI, King of Great Britain, 1895-1952","Elizabeth, Queen, consort of George VI, King of Great Britain, 1900-2002","Lamb, William Harrison","Marler, Howard B.","Towner, Harriet C. (Harriet Cole), 1869-1942","Qualters, Thomas","Bloom, Sol, 1870-1949","Lindsay, Ronald C., 1877-1945","Lindsay, Elizabeth Sherman Hoyt, 1885-1954","Somoza, Anastasio, 1896-1956","Somoza, Salvadora Debayle, 1895-1987","Juliana, Queen of the Netherlands, 1909-2004","Churchill, Winston, 1874-1965","Prado y Ugarteche, Manuel, 1889-1967","Petar II Karađorđević, King of Yugoslavia, 1923-1970","Darden, Colgate W. (Colgate Whitehead), 1897-1981","Wallington, Jimmy","Moncure, Henry T.","Chiang, May-ling Soong, 1897-2003","Brown, Wilson, 1882-1957","Peñaranda Castillo, Enrique, 1892-1969","Beneš, Edvard, 1884-1948","Billups, Mary Govan, 1874-1971","Failing, Mary Forbush, 1862-1947","Denham, Mary Simkins, 1868-1950","Loughborough, Louise Wright, 1881-1962","Hanks, Mary Esther Vilas, 1873-1959","Carpenter, Harriet Isham, 1869-1948","Morínigo, Higinio, 1897-1983","Mikołajczyk, Stanisław, 1901-1966","Gaulle, Charles de, 1890-1970","Hoppenot, Henri","Sveinn Björnsson, 1881-1952","Thor Thors, 1903-1965","Grau San Martín, Ramón, 1887-1969","ʻAbd al-Ilāh, Prince, 1913-1958","Ríos Morales, Juan Antonio, 1888-1946","Stelle, John H., 1891-1962","Cassell, C. Abayomi (Christian Abayomi)","Bevin, Ernest, 1881-1951","Saud, King of Saudi Arabia, 1902-1969","Alexander of Tunis, Harold Rupert Leofric George Alexander, Earl, 1891-1969","Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972","Patterson, Robert Porter, 1891-1952","Alemán, Miguel, 1905-1983","Marshall, George C. (George Catlett), 1880-1959","Clark, Tom C. (Tom Campbell), 1899-1977","Thurmond, Strom, 1902-2003","Thurmond, Jean Crouch, 1926-1960","Dutra, Eurico Gaspar, 1883-1974","Nehru, Kamala, 1899-1936","Nehru, Jawaharlal, 1889-1964","Gandhi, Indira, 1917-1984","Franks, Oliver, Baron, 1905-1992","Elizabeth II, Queen of Great Britain, 1926-","Philip, Prince, consort of Elizabeth II, Queen of Great Britain, 1921-2021","Simmons, John F. (John Farr), 1892-1968","Akihito, Emperor Emeritus of Japan, 1933-","Paul I, King of the Hellenes, 1901-1964","Frederika, Queen, consort of Paul I, King of the Hellenes, 1917-1981","Rhee, Syngman, 1875-1965","Haile Selassie I, Emperor of Ethiopia, 1892-1975","Tubman, William V. S., 1895-1971","Warren, Romayne Latta, 1877-1968","Magloire, Paul Eugène, 1907-2001","Scelba, Mario, 1901-","Martino, Gaetano, 1900-1967","Phibūnsongkhrām, Plǣk, 1897-1964","Nu, U, 1907-1995","Albert II, King of the Belgians, 1934-","Conger, Clement E.","Cunha, Paulo, 1908-1986","Robertson, Albert James, 1893-1978","Broyhill, Joel T.  (Joel Thomas), 1919-2006","Buxton, Clarence Edward, 1888-1978","Soekarno, 1901-1970","Cumming, Hugh S. (Hugh Smith), Jr., 1900-1986","Kishi, Nobusuke, 1896-1987","Giscard d'Estaing, Valéry, 1926-2020","Ford, Gerald R., 1913-2006","Cooke, Elizabeth Throckmorton, 1897-1993","Carter, Rosalynn","Bush, George, 1924-2018","Hussein, King of Jordan, 1935-1999","Bush, Laura Welch, 1946-","Bush, George W. (George Walker), 1946-","Slaughter, Philip, Reverend, 1808-1890","Sharples, James, 1752-1811","Houdon, Jean-Antoine, 1741-1828","Mills, Clark, 1810-1883","Crosby, Ellen Lovell, 1853-1942","Crosby, Virginia Van Stone, 1888-1964","Merritt, J. D.","Mott, Agnes Peter, 1880-1957","Washington, Martha, 1731-1802","Kennon, Britannia Wellington Peter, 1815-1911","Bush, Margaret Gage","Everett, Edward, 1794-1865","Rockwood, George Gardner, 1832-1911","Farnsworth, Hannah Blake, 1802-1879","Lewis, Eleanor Parke Custis, 1779-1852","Gutekunst, Frederick, 1831-1917","McHenry, Mary","Mitchell, Jim, 1795-1870","Bufford, John Henry, 1810-1870","Nichols, David","Wright, Joseph, 1756-1793","Peale, Charles Willson, 1741-1827","Lee, Mary Randolph Custis, 1808-1873","Ferris, Stephen James, 1835-1915","Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865","Stuart, Gilbert, 1755-1828","Wollaston, John, 1710-1775?","Custis, George Washington Parke, 1781-1857","Leutze, Emanuel, 1816-1868","Worth, E. M. (Edwin M.), Professor, 1838-1917","Brewerton, George Douglas, 1820-1901","Whitehurst, Jesse Harrison, 1819-1875","Ingersoll, T. W. (Truman Ward), 1862-1922","Gibbs, J. (Joseph) Norman, 1855-1933","Lewis, Annie Burr Auchincloss, 1902-1959","Broadwell, Elizabeth Lytle","Sarony, Napoleon, 1821-1896","Dickinson, Alice London, 1814-1881","Eve, Philoclea Edgeworth Casey, 1813-1889","Pine, Robert Edge, 1730?-1788","Harper, Emily L. (Emily Louisa), 1812-1892","Rinehart, A. E.  (Alfred Edward), 1851-1915","Hill, Alice Hale, 1840-1908","Miley, Michael, 1841-1918","Lafayette, Marie Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert Du Motier, marquis de, 1757-1834","Laughton, Lily Macalester Berghmans, 1832-1891","Platz, Max","Leiter, Mary Theresa, 1844-1913","Murat, Catherine Willis, 1803-1867","Thomas, Samuel A.","Ritchie, Anna Cora Mowatt, 1819-1870","Washington, Mary Ball, 1708-1789","Naramore, D. H. (Daniel H.)","Baulch, William","Loyd, William","Langenheim, Frederick, 1809-1879","Langenheim, William, 1807-1874","England, William, 1830-1896","Waldsmith, Robert, 1913-1993","Stacy, George, 1831-1897","White, Hawley C.","Singley,  B. L.  (Benjamin Lloyd)","Kelley, E. W., active 1868-1908","Cremer, James, 1821-1893","Bell, William, 1830-1910","Wasson, C. L. (Charles L.)","Newell, Robert, 1822-1897","Brown, Henry Kirke, 1814-1886","Tuttle, H. C.","Kilburn, B. W.  (Benjamin West), 1827-1909","Weil, P. F. (Peter F.)","Chase, W. M.  (William M.), approximately 1818-1901","Butler, Lucretia Wolcott Dodge, 1876-1914","Greenough, Horatio, 1805-1852","O'Donovan, William Rudolph, 1844-1920","Votaw, Albert H.  (Albert Hiatt), 1850-1931","Walker, Lewis E.  (Lewis Emory), 1822-1880","DeSouza, E.","Miller, Arthur C.","Ulman, Nathalia","Rau, William Herman, 1855-1920","Thurston, John H.","Thompson, E. B. (Ezra Bowen), 1865-1951","Pyle, Howard, 1853-1911","Van Altena, Edward, 1873-1968","Heyder, Augusta A.","Wilcox, William A. 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White Co.","Berry, Kelley \u0026 Chadwick","American Colortype Company","Kilburn Brothers","International View Co.","Stereo-Travel Co.","R. Newell \u0026 Son","Centennial Photographic Co.","Rudolph Lesch Fine Arts, Inc.","Young People's Christian Union (Founded 1893)","Israel \u0026 Riddle. Stephen Israel","H. E. Hoyt \u0026 Co.","Beck Engraving Company","McIntosh Stereopticon Co.","Williams, Brown \u0026 Earle","Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences","A. D. Handy, Stereopticons and Supplies (Boston, Ma)","Soule Art Company","Washington and Lee University","American Museum of Natural History (New York)","New York (State) Education Department. Division of visual instruction.","L. Manasse, Lantern Slides (Chicago)","Pennsylvania. State Museum (Harrisburg, PA)","Fisher, Robert B.","Dunlop, James R.","Leet Bros.","Abbott, Harold T.","Chamberlain, Samuel V., 1895-1975","Johnston, Frances Benjamin, 1864-1952","Dillon, Luke C., 1836-1904","Gardner, Alexander, 1821-1882","Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","Rowe, Abbie, 1905-1967","Meek, James W.","Harris \u0026 Ewing","Brady, Mathew B., approximately 1823-1896","Penrose, Henry K.","Louden, Orren R.","Trowbridge, Raymond W., 1886-1936","Johnson, N. G.  (Newton G.)","Parker, Edmund, 1827-1898","Bushrod, Thomas, 1825-1902","Jarvis, J. F.  (John Fillis), 1849-1931","Glocker, Charles Peyton","Glocker, Marietta Rodgers Cooper, 1845-1920","Davis, V. C.","Simms, Charles","Graham, Albert Belmont, 1868-1960","Woltz, Lewis P.","Baker, Reid S.","Laverty, H.J.","Lossing, Benson John, 1813-1891","Bailey, Worth, 1908-1980","Sprouse, Edith Moore","Lehman, Harry","Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Dodge, Harrison Howell, 1852-1937","Petitt, Arthur","Grimsley, Norman","Doughton, Page","Kennedy, George","Hatch","Webster, John Wallace","Grimsley, Norman, 1890-1976","Maxey, Mary Frances Campbell","Cragg, Esther Thomas, 1900-1966","Ritter, H.H.","Hillers, J.K.","Gibbs, Edward C., 1893-1963","Gibbs, Francis T.","Loeb, Morris, 1878-1969","Neitzey, Wilfred Henry, 1895-1988","Wernle, Albert","Vandenberg, Arthur H., Senator, 1884-1951","Washington, George, 1732-1799","Battle, John Stewart, 1890-1972","Harkness, Hope Hodgman Powel, 1889-1974","Tarr, Irene Haley, 1898-1988","Furness, Anna Ramsey, 1876-1964","Isham, Elizabeth Totten","Tyler, Constance Ellen, 1911-1963","Burdick, Alison Ward, 1912-2007","Lamont, Elinor Miner, 1901-1972","Sullivan, Priscilla Manning, 1911-1994","Cabot, Nancy Graves, 1889-1969","Beirne, Rosamond Randall, 1894-1969","Moore, Susan Rutledge, 1906-1987","Platt, Page Anderson, 1899-1984","Bolton, Frances Payne Bingham, 1885-1977","Leary, Eliza Ferry, 1851-1935","Fisher, Amos","Herbert, Upton","Tracy, Sarah, 1820-1896","Hollingsworth, John McHenry, 1823-1889","Blake, Levi Lowell, 1830-1904","Burgess, William H., 1816-1893","Woodbridge, S. Homer (Samuel Homer), 1848","Young , James","Sully, Thomas, 1783-1872","Petigru, James Louis, 1789-1863","Fraser, Charles, 1782-1860","Yancey, William Lowndes, 1814-1863","Thomas, O. J. \"Buck\" (Oswald)","Rouse, Harrison Dodge","Cragg, James \"Finney\", 1898-1977","Washington, Julian H., 1894-1953","Craig, James Y., 1839-1926","Bailey, Olive, 1903-1980","Quander, Thomas H.","Ford, George F., 1859-1935","Kaessinger, Charles H.","Holland, William, 1887-1968","Heiberg, Anna Howell Dodge, 1877-1967","Lowther, Minnie Kendall, 1869-1947","Livingood, Lily Foster","Rouse, James B., 1896-1946","Killam, Charles W.","Rouse, William L.","Enersen, Lawrence","Permar, William Jones, 1856-1940","Lacey, Fred","Simms, Walter","Ayres, Tom","Collins, Howard","Rogers, Manuel","McCalley, Charles","Deavers, Linton, 1906-1968","Costello, Ernest","Miller, George W. (Willie)","Taylor, Roy","Morse, Frank","Clapp, Harvey, Jr.","Fredericks, Harold J.","Duvall, James Garfield (Jesse)","Barnwell, Edward","Sutliff, Shirley","Tindall, Joyce","Neitzey, Albert","Macomber, Walter","Simms, Sherman","Thane, Elswyth, 1900-1984","Embrey, Ernest","Dodson, Howard","Thomas, James","Jacobs, William","Hammond, Frank H.","Castellani, John A., 1944-1993","Dakin, Monta Lee","Rhodehamel, John, H.","Clark, Ellen McCallister, 1953-","Norton, Dean","Schrage-Norton, Susanne","Thompson, Mary V., 1955-","Gorham, Anne Huber","Miller, Johnnie J.","Bermingham, Philip","Harbour, John E.","Compton, Grant","Horstman, Neil W., 1946-2020","Payne, John Lee, Sr., 1943-2007","Embrey, Ernest \"Lee\", Jr.","Talbot, Robert \"Abie\"","Dawson, Kenneth","Keeler, Sue","Kennedy, Flora","St. Mars, Hope","Tancil, Gladys","Meadows, Christine, 1932-2013","Tisara, Nina","Sarbanes, Paul","Lee, Jane Carew, 1931-2019","Stanton, Robert George, 1940-","Connolly, Harry, 1952-","Funderburk, Charles F.","Todd, Scotty","Staten, Henry","Carter, Theodore M.","Miller, Rebecca","Eves, Ethel","McDermott, Charlie","Hayes, Rutherford B., 1822-1893","Hayes, Lucy Webb, 1831-1889","Halsted, Nancy Marsh, 1817-1891","Hudson, Susan Edwards Johnson, 1825-1913","Gould, Jay, 1836-1892","Harrison, Benjamin, 1833-1901","Morton, Levi P.  (Levi Parsons), 1824-1920","McKinley, William, 1834-1901","Heinrich, Prince of Prussia, 1862-1929","Edison, Thomas A. (Thomas Alva), 1847-1931","Daniels, Josephus, 1862-1948","Comegys, Harriet Clayton, 1840-1927","Townsend, Justine Van Rensselaer, 1828-1912","Joffre, Joseph Jacques Césaire, 1852-1931","Viviani, René, 1863-1925","Balfour, Arthur James, 1848-1930","Foster, George E., Sir (George Eulas), 1847-1931","Lansing, Robert, 1864-1928","Riggs, Jane Agnes, 1854-1930","Moncheur, Ludovic, Baron, 1857-1940","Vesnić, Milenko, 1863-1921","Reading, Rufus Daniel Isaacs, Marquess of, 1860-1935","Lang, Cosmo Gordon, 1864-1945","Tokugawa, Iesato, 1863-1940","Albert I, King of the Belgians, 1875-1934","Marshall, Thomas R. (Thomas Riley), 1854-1925","Léopold III, King of the Belgians, 1901-1983","Elisabeth, Queen, consort of Albert I, King of the Belgians, 1876-1965","Foster, Victorine Du Pont, 1849-1934","Townsend, Amy Cornell","Marshall, Lois Irene Kimsey, 1873-1958","Baker, Newton Diehl, 1871-1937","Windsor, Edward, Duke of, 1894-1972","Phillips, William, 1878-1968","Gouraud, Henri, 1867-1946","Calles, Plutarco Elías, 1877-1945","Wright, J. Butler  (Joshua Butler), 1877-1939","George, David Lloyd, 1863-1945","Marie, Queen, consort of Ferdinand I, King of Romania, 1875-1938","Howard, Eleanor Washington, 1856-1937","Whitehill, Clarence, 1871-1932","Curtis, Charles, 1860-1936","Hoover, Herbert, 1874-1964","Hoover, Lou Henry, 1874-1944","Roosevelt, Eleanor, 1884-1962","Thayer, Pauline Revere, 1862-1934","Hart, Laurance H.","Roosevelt, Franklin D.  (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945","Damtew, Desta, Ras, 1892-1937","Richards, Alice Haliburton King, 1860-1936","Peery, George Campbell, 1873-1952","Peery, Nancy Gillespie, 1882-1963","Page, Roswell, 1858-1939","Call, Norman, 1880-1959","Smoot, William Albert, 2nd, 1878-1941","Watson, Edwin M.  (Edwin Martin), 1883-1945","Bastedo, Paul, 1887-1951","Buchan, John, 1875-1940","Stirl, George S.","George VI, King of Great Britain, 1895-1952","Elizabeth, Queen, consort of George VI, King of Great Britain, 1900-2002","Lamb, William Harrison","Marler, Howard B.","Towner, Harriet C. (Harriet Cole), 1869-1942","Qualters, Thomas","Bloom, Sol, 1870-1949","Lindsay, Ronald C., 1877-1945","Lindsay, Elizabeth Sherman Hoyt, 1885-1954","Somoza, Anastasio, 1896-1956","Somoza, Salvadora Debayle, 1895-1987","Juliana, Queen of the Netherlands, 1909-2004","Churchill, Winston, 1874-1965","Prado y Ugarteche, Manuel, 1889-1967","Petar II Karađorđević, King of Yugoslavia, 1923-1970","Darden, Colgate W. (Colgate Whitehead), 1897-1981","Wallington, Jimmy","Moncure, Henry T.","Chiang, May-ling Soong, 1897-2003","Brown, Wilson, 1882-1957","Peñaranda Castillo, Enrique, 1892-1969","Beneš, Edvard, 1884-1948","Billups, Mary Govan, 1874-1971","Failing, Mary Forbush, 1862-1947","Denham, Mary Simkins, 1868-1950","Loughborough, Louise Wright, 1881-1962","Hanks, Mary Esther Vilas, 1873-1959","Carpenter, Harriet Isham, 1869-1948","Morínigo, Higinio, 1897-1983","Mikołajczyk, Stanisław, 1901-1966","Gaulle, Charles de, 1890-1970","Hoppenot, Henri","Sveinn Björnsson, 1881-1952","Thor Thors, 1903-1965","Grau San Martín, Ramón, 1887-1969","ʻAbd al-Ilāh, Prince, 1913-1958","Ríos Morales, Juan Antonio, 1888-1946","Stelle, John H., 1891-1962","Cassell, C. Abayomi (Christian Abayomi)","Bevin, Ernest, 1881-1951","Saud, King of Saudi Arabia, 1902-1969","Alexander of Tunis, Harold Rupert Leofric George Alexander, Earl, 1891-1969","Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972","Patterson, Robert Porter, 1891-1952","Alemán, Miguel, 1905-1983","Marshall, George C. (George Catlett), 1880-1959","Clark, Tom C. (Tom Campbell), 1899-1977","Thurmond, Strom, 1902-2003","Thurmond, Jean Crouch, 1926-1960","Dutra, Eurico Gaspar, 1883-1974","Nehru, Kamala, 1899-1936","Nehru, Jawaharlal, 1889-1964","Gandhi, Indira, 1917-1984","Franks, Oliver, Baron, 1905-1992","Elizabeth II, Queen of Great Britain, 1926-","Philip, Prince, consort of Elizabeth II, Queen of Great Britain, 1921-2021","Simmons, John F. 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(Hugh Smith), Jr., 1900-1986","Kishi, Nobusuke, 1896-1987","Giscard d'Estaing, Valéry, 1926-2020","Ford, Gerald R., 1913-2006","Cooke, Elizabeth Throckmorton, 1897-1993","Carter, Rosalynn","Bush, George, 1924-2018","Hussein, King of Jordan, 1935-1999","Bush, Laura Welch, 1946-","Bush, George W. (George Walker), 1946-","Slaughter, Philip, Reverend, 1808-1890","Sharples, James, 1752-1811","Houdon, Jean-Antoine, 1741-1828","Mills, Clark, 1810-1883","Crosby, Ellen Lovell, 1853-1942","Crosby, Virginia Van Stone, 1888-1964","Merritt, J. 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(Joseph) Norman, 1855-1933","Lewis, Annie Burr Auchincloss, 1902-1959","Broadwell, Elizabeth Lytle","Sarony, Napoleon, 1821-1896","Dickinson, Alice London, 1814-1881","Eve, Philoclea Edgeworth Casey, 1813-1889","Pine, Robert Edge, 1730?-1788","Harper, Emily L. (Emily Louisa), 1812-1892","Rinehart, A. E.  (Alfred Edward), 1851-1915","Hill, Alice Hale, 1840-1908","Miley, Michael, 1841-1918","Lafayette, Marie Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert Du Motier, marquis de, 1757-1834","Laughton, Lily Macalester Berghmans, 1832-1891","Platz, Max","Leiter, Mary Theresa, 1844-1913","Murat, Catherine Willis, 1803-1867","Thomas, Samuel A.","Ritchie, Anna Cora Mowatt, 1819-1870","Washington, Mary Ball, 1708-1789","Naramore, D. H. (Daniel H.)","Baulch, William","Loyd, William","Langenheim, Frederick, 1809-1879","Langenheim, William, 1807-1874","England, William, 1830-1896","Waldsmith, Robert, 1913-1993","Stacy, George, 1831-1897","White, Hawley C.","Singley,  B. L.  (Benjamin Lloyd)","Kelley, E. 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(William Alonzo), 1857-"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":3769,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:25:15.852Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vimtvl_repositories_4_resources_49"}},{"id":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_81","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Maps of Mount Vernon and the surrounding areas, 1857/1992","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_81#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eMaps collected by, or created by, Mount Vernon staff and the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association. Includes maps of the estate itself, as well as the surrounding neighborhood, the viewshed, and Fairfax County. 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Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. The library reserves the right to restrict access to certain items for preservation purposes.","The drawings are described in this finding aid according to the location it represents on the estate: the Mansion, Gardens and Grounds, Outbuildings, and other structures. However, the drawings are physically interfiled and interspersed throughout the drawers, and does not follow its intellectual description. All drawings can be found by using the finding aid or keyword search, but physical browsing may be difficult.","There may be some overlap with the Maps of Mount Vernon and the surrounding area collection. Other blueprints and architectural drawings may be found in the Papers of the MVLA, the Papers of the Superintendent and Resident Director, and the Restoration Files for the Historic Structures Report.","This collections contains the architectural drawings of Mount Vernon including the measured drawings of the Mansion, outbuildings, and other MVLA structures. The bulk of material dates from the 1930s (during the tenure of the Director of Research and Restoration, Morley Jeffers Williams) through the 1990s. The drawings were accumulated by, and transferred to, the library/archives over time and are now compiled into this collection based on format and purpose.","Material can be reproduced for study or personal use upon written approval from library staff.","Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Mesick Cohen Waite Architects","United States. Army. 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Corps of Engineers","Quinn Evans/Architects"],"access_terms_ssm":["Material can be reproduced for study or personal use upon written approval from library staff."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["26 Drawers Drawings also located in rolled storage bins"],"extent_tesim":["26 Drawers Drawings also located in rolled storage bins"],"date_range_isim":[1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. The library reserves the right to restrict access to certain items for preservation purposes.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. The library reserves the right to restrict access to certain items for preservation purposes."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe drawings are described in this finding aid according to the location it represents on the estate: the Mansion, Gardens and Grounds, Outbuildings, and other structures. However, the drawings are physically interfiled and interspersed throughout the drawers, and does not follow its intellectual description. All drawings can be found by using the finding aid or keyword search, but physical browsing may be difficult.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The drawings are described in this finding aid according to the location it represents on the estate: the Mansion, Gardens and Grounds, Outbuildings, and other structures. However, the drawings are physically interfiled and interspersed throughout the drawers, and does not follow its intellectual description. All drawings can be found by using the finding aid or keyword search, but physical browsing may be difficult."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Name and date of item], Measured Drawings and Blueprints of Mount Vernon, [Series, Folder], Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, Fred W. Smith National Library for the Study of George Washington [hereafter Washington Library], Mount Vernon, Virginia\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Name and date of item], Measured Drawings and Blueprints of Mount Vernon, [Series, Folder], Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, Fred W. Smith National Library for the Study of George Washington [hereafter Washington Library], Mount Vernon, Virginia"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere may be some overlap with the Maps of Mount Vernon and the surrounding area collection. Other blueprints and architectural drawings may be found in the Papers of the MVLA, the Papers of the Superintendent and Resident Director, and the Restoration Files for the Historic Structures Report.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["There may be some overlap with the Maps of Mount Vernon and the surrounding area collection. Other blueprints and architectural drawings may be found in the Papers of the MVLA, the Papers of the Superintendent and Resident Director, and the Restoration Files for the Historic Structures Report."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collections contains the architectural drawings of Mount Vernon including the measured drawings of the Mansion, outbuildings, and other MVLA structures. The bulk of material dates from the 1930s (during the tenure of the Director of Research and Restoration, Morley Jeffers Williams) through the 1990s. The drawings were accumulated by, and transferred to, the library/archives over time and are now compiled into this collection based on format and purpose.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collections contains the architectural drawings of Mount Vernon including the measured drawings of the Mansion, outbuildings, and other MVLA structures. The bulk of material dates from the 1930s (during the tenure of the Director of Research and Restoration, Morley Jeffers Williams) through the 1990s. The drawings were accumulated by, and transferred to, the library/archives over time and are now compiled into this collection based on format and purpose."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterial can be reproduced for study or personal use upon written approval from library staff.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Material can be reproduced for study or personal use upon written approval from library staff."],"corpname_ssim":["Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Mesick Cohen Waite Architects","United States. Army. Corps of Engineers","Quinn Evans/Architects"],"persname_ssim":["Abbott, Harold T.","Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Macomber, Walter","Chandler, Theophilus P. (Theophilus Parsons), 1845-1928","Ulman, Nathalia","Hopkins, Alden, 1905-1960","Curtice, Carroll","Killam, Charles W.","Bailey, Worth, 1908-1980","Nelson, Richard A., 1933-2012","Fisher, Robert B.","Dodge, Harrison Howell, 1852-1937","Rouse, James B., 1896-1946","Meigs, Montgomery C. (Montgomery Cunningham), 1816-1892","Ayers Saint Gross (Firm)"],"names_ssim":["Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Mesick Cohen Waite Architects","United States. Army. Corps of Engineers","Quinn Evans/Architects","Abbott, Harold T.","Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Macomber, Walter","Chandler, Theophilus P. (Theophilus Parsons), 1845-1928","Ulman, Nathalia","Hopkins, Alden, 1905-1960","Curtice, Carroll","Killam, Charles W.","Bailey, Worth, 1908-1980","Nelson, Richard A., 1933-2012","Fisher, Robert B.","Dodge, Harrison Howell, 1852-1937","Rouse, James B., 1896-1946","Meigs, Montgomery C. (Montgomery Cunningham), 1816-1892","Ayers Saint Gross (Firm)"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"total_component_count_is":361,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:25:08.530Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_61","ead_ssi":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_61","_root_":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_61","_nest_parent_":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_61","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/MV/repositories_2_resources_61.xml","title_ssm":["Measured Drawings and Blueprints of Mount Vernon"],"title_tesim":["Measured Drawings and Blueprints of Mount Vernon"],"unitdate_ssm":["1870s-2016"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1870s-2016"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1870/2016"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Measured Drawings and Blueprints of Mount Vernon, 1870/2016"],"text":["Measured Drawings and Blueprints of Mount Vernon, 1870/2016","A.MD.OV","/repositories/2/resources/61","This collection is open for research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. The library reserves the right to restrict access to certain items for preservation purposes.","The drawings are described in this finding aid according to the location it represents on the estate: the Mansion, Gardens and Grounds, Outbuildings, and other structures. However, the drawings are physically interfiled and interspersed throughout the drawers, and does not follow its intellectual description. All drawings can be found by using the finding aid or keyword search, but physical browsing may be difficult.","There may be some overlap with the Maps of Mount Vernon and the surrounding area collection. Other blueprints and architectural drawings may be found in the Papers of the MVLA, the Papers of the Superintendent and Resident Director, and the Restoration Files for the Historic Structures Report.","This collections contains the architectural drawings of Mount Vernon including the measured drawings of the Mansion, outbuildings, and other MVLA structures. The bulk of material dates from the 1930s (during the tenure of the Director of Research and Restoration, Morley Jeffers Williams) through the 1990s. The drawings were accumulated by, and transferred to, the library/archives over time and are now compiled into this collection based on format and purpose.","Material can be reproduced for study or personal use upon written approval from library staff.","Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Mesick Cohen Waite Architects","United States. Army. Corps of Engineers","Quinn Evans/Architects","Abbott, Harold T.","Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Macomber, Walter","Chandler, Theophilus P. (Theophilus Parsons), 1845-1928","Ulman, Nathalia","Hopkins, Alden, 1905-1960","Curtice, Carroll","Killam, Charles W.","Bailey, Worth, 1908-1980","Nelson, Richard A., 1933-2012","Fisher, Robert B.","Dodge, Harrison Howell, 1852-1937","Rouse, James B., 1896-1946","Meigs, Montgomery C. (Montgomery Cunningham), 1816-1892","Ayers Saint Gross (Firm)","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Measured Drawings and Blueprints of Mount Vernon, 1870/2016"],"collection_ssim":["Measured Drawings and Blueprints of Mount Vernon, 1870/2016"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A.MD.OV","/repositories/2/resources/61"],"unitid_tesim":["A.MD.OV","/repositories/2/resources/61"],"repository_ssm":["The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon"],"repository_ssim":["The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Abbott, Harold T.","Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Macomber, Walter","Chandler, Theophilus P. (Theophilus Parsons), 1845-1928","Ulman, Nathalia","Hopkins, Alden, 1905-1960","Curtice, Carroll","Killam, Charles W.","Bailey, Worth, 1908-1980","Nelson, Richard A., 1933-2012","Fisher, Robert B.","Dodge, Harrison Howell, 1852-1937","Rouse, James B., 1896-1946","Meigs, Montgomery C. (Montgomery Cunningham), 1816-1892","Ayers Saint Gross (Firm)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Mesick Cohen Waite Architects","United States. Army. Corps of Engineers","Quinn Evans/Architects"],"creators_ssim":["Abbott, Harold T.","Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Macomber, Walter","Chandler, Theophilus P. (Theophilus Parsons), 1845-1928","Ulman, Nathalia","Hopkins, Alden, 1905-1960","Curtice, Carroll","Killam, Charles W.","Bailey, Worth, 1908-1980","Nelson, Richard A., 1933-2012","Fisher, Robert B.","Dodge, Harrison Howell, 1852-1937","Rouse, James B., 1896-1946","Meigs, Montgomery C. (Montgomery Cunningham), 1816-1892","Ayers Saint Gross (Firm)","Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Mesick Cohen Waite Architects","United States. Army. Corps of Engineers","Quinn Evans/Architects"],"access_terms_ssm":["Material can be reproduced for study or personal use upon written approval from library staff."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["26 Drawers Drawings also located in rolled storage bins"],"extent_tesim":["26 Drawers Drawings also located in rolled storage bins"],"date_range_isim":[1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. The library reserves the right to restrict access to certain items for preservation purposes.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. The library reserves the right to restrict access to certain items for preservation purposes."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe drawings are described in this finding aid according to the location it represents on the estate: the Mansion, Gardens and Grounds, Outbuildings, and other structures. However, the drawings are physically interfiled and interspersed throughout the drawers, and does not follow its intellectual description. All drawings can be found by using the finding aid or keyword search, but physical browsing may be difficult.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The drawings are described in this finding aid according to the location it represents on the estate: the Mansion, Gardens and Grounds, Outbuildings, and other structures. However, the drawings are physically interfiled and interspersed throughout the drawers, and does not follow its intellectual description. All drawings can be found by using the finding aid or keyword search, but physical browsing may be difficult."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Name and date of item], Measured Drawings and Blueprints of Mount Vernon, [Series, Folder], Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, Fred W. Smith National Library for the Study of George Washington [hereafter Washington Library], Mount Vernon, Virginia\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Name and date of item], Measured Drawings and Blueprints of Mount Vernon, [Series, Folder], Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, Fred W. Smith National Library for the Study of George Washington [hereafter Washington Library], Mount Vernon, Virginia"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere may be some overlap with the Maps of Mount Vernon and the surrounding area collection. Other blueprints and architectural drawings may be found in the Papers of the MVLA, the Papers of the Superintendent and Resident Director, and the Restoration Files for the Historic Structures Report.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["There may be some overlap with the Maps of Mount Vernon and the surrounding area collection. Other blueprints and architectural drawings may be found in the Papers of the MVLA, the Papers of the Superintendent and Resident Director, and the Restoration Files for the Historic Structures Report."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collections contains the architectural drawings of Mount Vernon including the measured drawings of the Mansion, outbuildings, and other MVLA structures. The bulk of material dates from the 1930s (during the tenure of the Director of Research and Restoration, Morley Jeffers Williams) through the 1990s. The drawings were accumulated by, and transferred to, the library/archives over time and are now compiled into this collection based on format and purpose.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collections contains the architectural drawings of Mount Vernon including the measured drawings of the Mansion, outbuildings, and other MVLA structures. The bulk of material dates from the 1930s (during the tenure of the Director of Research and Restoration, Morley Jeffers Williams) through the 1990s. The drawings were accumulated by, and transferred to, the library/archives over time and are now compiled into this collection based on format and purpose."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterial can be reproduced for study or personal use upon written approval from library staff.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Material can be reproduced for study or personal use upon written approval from library staff."],"corpname_ssim":["Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Mesick Cohen Waite Architects","United States. Army. Corps of Engineers","Quinn Evans/Architects"],"persname_ssim":["Abbott, Harold T.","Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Macomber, Walter","Chandler, Theophilus P. (Theophilus Parsons), 1845-1928","Ulman, Nathalia","Hopkins, Alden, 1905-1960","Curtice, Carroll","Killam, Charles W.","Bailey, Worth, 1908-1980","Nelson, Richard A., 1933-2012","Fisher, Robert B.","Dodge, Harrison Howell, 1852-1937","Rouse, James B., 1896-1946","Meigs, Montgomery C. (Montgomery Cunningham), 1816-1892","Ayers Saint Gross (Firm)"],"names_ssim":["Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Mesick Cohen Waite Architects","United States. Army. Corps of Engineers","Quinn Evans/Architects","Abbott, Harold T.","Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Macomber, Walter","Chandler, Theophilus P. (Theophilus Parsons), 1845-1928","Ulman, Nathalia","Hopkins, Alden, 1905-1960","Curtice, Carroll","Killam, Charles W.","Bailey, Worth, 1908-1980","Nelson, Richard A., 1933-2012","Fisher, Robert B.","Dodge, Harrison Howell, 1852-1937","Rouse, James B., 1896-1946","Meigs, Montgomery C. (Montgomery Cunningham), 1816-1892","Ayers Saint Gross (Firm)"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"total_component_count_is":361,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:25:08.530Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_61"}},{"id":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Morley Jeffers Williams Collection, 1602/1967","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of correspondence, reports, surveys, newspaper clippings, biographies and other written works, bibliographies, excerpts from diaries, letters, inventories and ledgers, various types of architectural and archaeological drawings, maps, and images documenting the work and research conducted during Morley Jeffers Williams's tenure at George Washington's Mount Vernon. Williams compiled the majority of the documents and images found in this collection between 1931 and 1939; however, the information contained within these records dates from 1602 to 1967. The bulk of the collection consists of numerous architectural and archaeological drawings detailing past and contemporary views of George Washington's estate; furthermore, there are several drawings depicting possible future renovations to Mount Vernon. This collection also contains a large amount of scholarly research pertaining to George Washington, Mount Vernon, and 18th-century life and culture. This information provides an in-depth understanding of George Washington's life, particularly concerning his interactions with his estate. Other documentation charts the efforts of Morley Jeffers Williams as he worked to restore the structures and landscape at Mount Vernon.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2","ead_ssi":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2","_root_":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2","_nest_parent_":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/MV/repositories_2_resources_2.xml","title_ssm":["Morley Jeffers Williams Collection"],"title_tesim":["Morley Jeffers Williams Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1602-1967"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1602-1967"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1602/1967"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Morley Jeffers Williams Collection, 1602/1967"],"text":["Morley Jeffers Williams Collection, 1602/1967","A.MJW","/repositories/2/resources/2","This collection is open to research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. The library reserves the right to restrict access to items for preservation purposes.","Materials in each series have been arranged alphabetically and according to subject matter.","List of Series:\nSeries 1: Structures, 1676 – 1938\nSub-Series 1.1: Buildings and Structures\nSub-Series 1.2: Mansion\n  \tI. General\n   \tII. Exterior\n \tIII. Interior\nSeries 2: Landscape, 1737 – 1939\nSub-Series 2.1: Gardens\nSub-Series 2.2: Grounds\nSub-Series 2.3: Walls \u0026 Gates\nSeries 3: Farming \u0026 Life at Mount Vernon, 1713 – 1925 \nSeries 4: Other Historic Sites, 1730 – 1937\nSeries 5: Biographical Information, 1602 – 1962\nSub-Series 5.1: Biographies\nSub-Series 5.2: Bibliographies \u0026 Written Works\nSub-Series 5.3: Chronologies\nSub-Series 5.4: Writings to/from George Washington\nSeries 6: Architecture and Archaeology \nSub-Series 6.1: Maps \u0026 Drawings\nSub-Series 6.2: Surveys\nSeries 7: Ephemera, 1758 - 1938\nSub-Series 7.1: Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\nSub-Series 7.2: Reports\nSub-Series 7.3: Images","Morley Jeffers Williams was born in Tillsonburg, Ontario, Canada on August 1, 1886.  In 1910, twenty-four-year-old Williams attended the engineering school at the University of Toronto for training as a civil engineer.  Over the next eleven years, Williams used his engineering degree to work in various construction and agricultural positions such as bridge construction inspector for the Canadian Pacific Railroad and farm overseer.  After earning a second degree in horticulture from the Ontario Agricultural College in Guelph, Ontario, Williams became an instructor and student at the Harvard University School of Design.","During a successful academic career in which he was awarded several grants and appointed an assistant professor at Harvard School of Design, Williams began to visit historic sites and make topographic surveys for his own research.  He became involved with restoration projects at various sites, and in 1931 the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association (MVLA) contracted Williams to prepare topographic drawings of Mount Vernon for the bicentennial of George Washington's birth.  After Williams completed his work at Mount Vernon, he continued to study the architectural and archaeological elements of George Washington's estate, in addition to his other projects and responsibilities.  In spring 1935, the MVLA again contracted Williams; his task was to restore the Kitchen Garden.  By the following winter, the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association hired Williams to be the Director of the new Research and Restoration Department.","During his time as Director of Research and Restoration, Williams uncovered and assisted in the reconstruction and/or restoration of several original structures on-site including the Kitchen Garden, Deer Park Wall, and two Ha-Ha Walls.  Williams also helped improve the historic integrity within the Mansion, as he both researched 18th-century material culture and used artifacts found during excavations to ensure the objects placed in the mansion and other site buildings were historically accurate for Mount Vernon.  Under Williams's supervision, the Department of Research and Restoration eventually expanded to oversee the restoration of the Mansion, Tomb, and Gardens, and the development of the Library.  \nIn May 1939, the board of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association decided to discontinue both the Department of Research and Restoration and Williams's position as department head.  Soon thereafter, Williams left Mount Vernon and began his own business conducting architectural and archaeological research.","Throughout the duration of his life, Morley Williams worked at various other historic sites including Tryon Palace in North Carolina.  He became a professor of landscape architecture at the North Carolina State College (now University) School of Design, and was later appointed chair of the Landscape Architecture Department.  In early 1977, Williams returned to Mount Vernon with his family for a visit and was well received. Approximately 10 months later, Morley Williams died of congestive heart failure.","Morley Williams was a pioneer of rigorous and scholarly study of Mount Vernon, especially on the evolution of the estate landscape.  As Director of the Research and Restoration Department, Williams used an interdisciplinary approach to research and restoration, by combining landscape architecture, history, historic preservation, and archaeology.  Much of the current understanding of Mount Vernon's history is based upon the findings of Morley Williams.  To this day, Morley Jeffers Williams's work continues to be an immeasurable asset to the restoration efforts at Mount Vernon.","Chronology:","The following is a more in-depth timeline charting the life and accomplishments of Morley Jeffers Williams.","August 1, 1886 – Born in Tillsenburg, Ontario, Canada.","1910-1911 – Attended the engineering school at the University of Toronto for training as a civil engineer.","1911 – Hired as a bridge construction inspector by the Canadian Pacific Railroad.","1912 – Hired as bridge construction inspector and the acting engineer of bridge site surveys by the Montreal-Port Arthur District of the Canadian Northern Railway.  Eventually promoted to resident engineer in charge of roadbed grading and track-laying.","1914 – Resigned from his job and relocated to Kingsville, Ontario.  Became the co-owner of a grain elevator and cultivated three hundred acres of land with seed grades of corn, small grains, and grasses.","1922 – Began managing Vincent Massey's farm; some responsibilities included consulting about the buildings and presentations of other private farms.","1925: Earned a horticulture degree from the Ontario Agricultural College in Guelph, Ontario.","1927 – Became a student and instructor at Harvard School of Design.","1928 – Earned an MLA (landscape architecture) in city planning at Harvard University's School of Design.","1929 – Received the Sheldon Traveling Fellowship and studied landscape design in Europe and North Africa.","1930 – Became an assistant professor at Harvard School of Design.","March 1931 – Awarded a grant from the Clark Fund for Research in Landscape Design at Harvard to study \"American Landscape Design as Exemplified by the Plantation Estates of Maryland and Virginia, 1750 to 1860.\"","May 1931 – Visited various historic plantations, including Gunston Hall and Woodlawn, creating topographic surveys.","July 1931 – Contracted to prepare topographic drawings of Mount Vernon for the bicentennial of George Washington's birth.","Summer 1932 – Hired to complete Arthur Shurcliff's research and excavations at Stratford Hall.  Identified many original structures and sketched architectural restoration plans for the east garden at Stratford Hall.  Received a second grant from the Clark Fund, which allowed him to further his research on Virginia and Maryland plantations, including Monticello.","Summer 1933 – Supervised the restoration of the east garden at Stratford Hall.","Summer 1934 – Received funding from the Emergency Relief Administration of Massachusetts to restore God's Acre in Harvard Square, an old burial ground. Upon finishing this restoration project, Williams continued his architectural and archaeological assessment of the grounds at Mount Vernon.","May 1935 – Contracted to restore the Kitchen Garden at Mount Vernon under the supervision of Mrs. Horace Brown, the Vice-Regent for Vermont.","Summer 1935 – Continued to oversee the restoration of the Kitchen Garden at Mount Vernon.  He was also contracted to assess the history of White House landscaping in light of possible changes to design.","Winter 1935 – Hired by Mount Vernon as the Director of Research and Restoration.","Spring 1936 – Taught during spring semester at Harvard, then resigned his professorship in order to focus his efforts at Mount Vernon. Williams helped to rebuild and/or restore several original structures on-site including the Kitchen Garden and Deer Park Wall.  He used artifacts found during excavations such as door hinges and other hardware to model replicas for the newly restored buildings.  Williams also uncovered various original structures including two Ha-Ha walls and a cross-wall underlying the Bowling Green, which were previously unknown to the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association.","1937 – Concerned with preserving the historic integrity of the site, Williams pointed out items and structures he deemed inaccurate such as various walkways and coaches.  As Director of the Department of Research and Restoration, Williams also focused on accessing primary documentation for research, as well as acquiring objects for Mount Vernon's collections.","1938 - Contracted Frances Benjamin Johnston to make photographic studies as a supplement to his measured drawings.  Her photographs were combined with an article written by Williams in the January 1938 edition of Landscape Architecture and the February issue of American Architect and Architecture.  Williams also assigned employees within the Department of Research and Restoration to research various collections located at the Library of Congress that he believed would help to maintain the historic integrity at Mount Vernon as restoration efforts continued.","1939 – Under Williams's supervision, the Department of Research and Restoration grew to oversee the research and restoration of the Mansion, Tomb, Gardens, Grounds, and Outbuildings, as well as the development of the Library.","May 16, 1939 – Board of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association voted to dismantle the Department of Research and Restoration as of June 1, 1939.","Summer 1939 – Williams ended his association with Mount Vernon after the dissolution of the Department of Research and Restoration and began his own business conducting architectural and archaeological research.","1940 – 1941 – Researched 18th-century manuscripts and newspapers in several prominent repositories, including the Library of Congress.","1941-1947 – Morley Williams and his wife, Nathalia Williams, managed their own business for architectural and archaeological research.","1947 – Hired as a professor of landscape architecture by the North Carolina State College (now University) School of Design.","1948 – Appointed chair of the landscape architecture department at the North Carolina State College (now University) School of Design.","1952 –1960 (ca.) - Contracted to restore Tryon Palace, a pre-Revolutionary governor's mansion in North Carolina.  Oversaw archaeological excavations that exposed the original foundation of the governor's mansion, as well as uncovered other structural aspects of the site such as water sources and outbuildings.  Since no garden plots were discovered, Williams drew plans for formal gardens authentic to the time period Tryon Palace was first constructed.  During the excavations and restoration, Williams salvaged many artifacts, which he never fully identified and/or processed.  This later became a point of contention between Williams and the benefactors of Tryon Palace.","1961 – Returned to Harvard as a lecturer for landscape architecture.","December 1961 – Settled accounts with Tryon Palace by returning all artifacts to the Tryon Palace Commission.","1962-1977 – Williams and his wife continued to restore historic sites and landscapes for the remainder of his life.","February 1977 – At ninety-one, Williams returned with his family to Mount Vernon for a visit, and was well received by Regent Mrs. John H. Guy, Jr., Director Charles Cecil Wall, and others.","December 1, 1977 – Morley Jeffers Williams died of congestive heart failure.","Papers of the MVLA\nPapers of the Superintendent and Resident Director\nMeasured drawings (architectural drawings)\nRestoration Files of the Historic Structures Report","The collection consists of correspondence, reports, surveys, newspaper clippings, biographies and other written works, bibliographies, excerpts from diaries, letters, inventories and ledgers, various types of architectural and archaeological drawings, maps, and images documenting the work and research conducted during Morley Jeffers Williams's tenure at George Washington's Mount Vernon.  Williams compiled the majority of the documents and images found in this collection between 1931 and 1939; however, the information contained within these records dates from 1602 to 1967.  \nThe bulk of the collection consists of numerous architectural and archaeological drawings detailing past and contemporary views of George Washington's estate; furthermore, there are several drawings depicting possible future renovations to Mount Vernon.  This collection also contains a large amount of scholarly research pertaining to George Washington, Mount Vernon, and 18th-century life and culture.  This information provides an in-depth understanding of George Washington's life, particularly concerning his interactions with his estate.  Other documentation charts the efforts of Morley Jeffers Williams as he worked to restore the structures and landscape at Mount Vernon.","Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Johnston, Frances Benjamin, 1864-1952","Ulman, Nathalia","Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Morley Jeffers Williams Collection, 1602/1967"],"collection_ssim":["Morley Jeffers Williams Collection, 1602/1967"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A.MJW","/repositories/2/resources/2"],"unitid_tesim":["A.MJW","/repositories/2/resources/2"],"repository_ssm":["The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon"],"repository_ssim":["The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon"],"creator_ssm":["Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977"],"creator_ssim":["Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Johnston, Frances Benjamin, 1864-1952","Ulman, Nathalia","Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association"],"creators_ssim":["Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Johnston, Frances Benjamin, 1864-1952","Ulman, Nathalia","Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["4.62 Linear Feet 11 Hollinger boxes"],"extent_tesim":["4.62 Linear Feet 11 Hollinger boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1602,1603,1604,1605,1606,1607,1608,1609,1610,1611,1612,1613,1614,1615,1616,1617,1618,1619,1620,1621,1622,1623,1624,1625,1626,1627,1628,1629,1630,1631,1632,1633,1634,1635,1636,1637,1638,1639,1640,1641,1642,1643,1644,1645,1646,1647,1648,1649,1650,1651,1652,1653,1654,1655,1656,1657,1658,1659,1660,1661,1662,1663,1664,1665,1666,1667,1668,1669,1670,1671,1672,1673,1674,1675,1676,1677,1678,1679,1680,1681,1682,1683,1684,1685,1686,1687,1688,1689,1690,1691,1692,1693,1694,1695,1696,1697,1698,1699,1700,1701,1702,1703,1704,1705,1706,1707,1708,1709,1710,1711,1712,1713,1714,1715,1716,1717,1718,1719,1720,1721,1722,1723,1724,1725,1726,1727,1728,1729,1730,1731,1732,1733,1734,1735,1736,1737,1738,1739,1740,1741,1742,1743,1744,1745,1746,1747,1748,1749,1750,1751,1752,1753,1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open to research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. The library reserves the right to restrict access to items for preservation purposes.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open to research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. The library reserves the right to restrict access to items for preservation purposes."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in each series have been arranged alphabetically and according to subject matter. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eList of Series:\nSeries 1: Structures, 1676 – 1938\nSub-Series 1.1: Buildings and Structures\nSub-Series 1.2: Mansion\n  \tI. General\n   \tII. Exterior\n \tIII. Interior\nSeries 2: Landscape, 1737 – 1939\nSub-Series 2.1: Gardens\nSub-Series 2.2: Grounds\nSub-Series 2.3: Walls \u0026amp; Gates\nSeries 3: Farming \u0026amp; Life at Mount Vernon, 1713 – 1925 \nSeries 4: Other Historic Sites, 1730 – 1937\nSeries 5: Biographical Information, 1602 – 1962\nSub-Series 5.1: Biographies\nSub-Series 5.2: Bibliographies \u0026amp; Written Works\nSub-Series 5.3: Chronologies\nSub-Series 5.4: Writings to/from George Washington\nSeries 6: Architecture and Archaeology \nSub-Series 6.1: Maps \u0026amp; Drawings\nSub-Series 6.2: Surveys\nSeries 7: Ephemera, 1758 - 1938\nSub-Series 7.1: Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\nSub-Series 7.2: Reports\nSub-Series 7.3: Images\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Materials in each series have been arranged alphabetically and according to subject matter.","List of Series:\nSeries 1: Structures, 1676 – 1938\nSub-Series 1.1: Buildings and Structures\nSub-Series 1.2: Mansion\n  \tI. General\n   \tII. Exterior\n \tIII. Interior\nSeries 2: Landscape, 1737 – 1939\nSub-Series 2.1: Gardens\nSub-Series 2.2: Grounds\nSub-Series 2.3: Walls \u0026 Gates\nSeries 3: Farming \u0026 Life at Mount Vernon, 1713 – 1925 \nSeries 4: Other Historic Sites, 1730 – 1937\nSeries 5: Biographical Information, 1602 – 1962\nSub-Series 5.1: Biographies\nSub-Series 5.2: Bibliographies \u0026 Written Works\nSub-Series 5.3: Chronologies\nSub-Series 5.4: Writings to/from George Washington\nSeries 6: Architecture and Archaeology \nSub-Series 6.1: Maps \u0026 Drawings\nSub-Series 6.2: Surveys\nSeries 7: Ephemera, 1758 - 1938\nSub-Series 7.1: Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\nSub-Series 7.2: Reports\nSub-Series 7.3: Images"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMorley Jeffers Williams was born in Tillsonburg, Ontario, Canada on August 1, 1886.  In 1910, twenty-four-year-old Williams attended the engineering school at the University of Toronto for training as a civil engineer.  Over the next eleven years, Williams used his engineering degree to work in various construction and agricultural positions such as bridge construction inspector for the Canadian Pacific Railroad and farm overseer.  After earning a second degree in horticulture from the Ontario Agricultural College in Guelph, Ontario, Williams became an instructor and student at the Harvard University School of Design.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring a successful academic career in which he was awarded several grants and appointed an assistant professor at Harvard School of Design, Williams began to visit historic sites and make topographic surveys for his own research.  He became involved with restoration projects at various sites, and in 1931 the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association (MVLA) contracted Williams to prepare topographic drawings of Mount Vernon for the bicentennial of George Washington's birth.  After Williams completed his work at Mount Vernon, he continued to study the architectural and archaeological elements of George Washington's estate, in addition to his other projects and responsibilities.  In spring 1935, the MVLA again contracted Williams; his task was to restore the Kitchen Garden.  By the following winter, the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association hired Williams to be the Director of the new Research and Restoration Department.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring his time as Director of Research and Restoration, Williams uncovered and assisted in the reconstruction and/or restoration of several original structures on-site including the Kitchen Garden, Deer Park Wall, and two Ha-Ha Walls.  Williams also helped improve the historic integrity within the Mansion, as he both researched 18th-century material culture and used artifacts found during excavations to ensure the objects placed in the mansion and other site buildings were historically accurate for Mount Vernon.  Under Williams's supervision, the Department of Research and Restoration eventually expanded to oversee the restoration of the Mansion, Tomb, and Gardens, and the development of the Library.  \nIn May 1939, the board of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association decided to discontinue both the Department of Research and Restoration and Williams's position as department head.  Soon thereafter, Williams left Mount Vernon and began his own business conducting architectural and archaeological research. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThroughout the duration of his life, Morley Williams worked at various other historic sites including Tryon Palace in North Carolina.  He became a professor of landscape architecture at the North Carolina State College (now University) School of Design, and was later appointed chair of the Landscape Architecture Department.  In early 1977, Williams returned to Mount Vernon with his family for a visit and was well received. Approximately 10 months later, Morley Williams died of congestive heart failure.     \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMorley Williams was a pioneer of rigorous and scholarly study of Mount Vernon, especially on the evolution of the estate landscape.  As Director of the Research and Restoration Department, Williams used an interdisciplinary approach to research and restoration, by combining landscape architecture, history, historic preservation, and archaeology.  Much of the current understanding of Mount Vernon's history is based upon the findings of Morley Williams.  To this day, Morley Jeffers Williams's work continues to be an immeasurable asset to the restoration efforts at Mount Vernon.   \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChronology:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe following is a more in-depth timeline charting the life and accomplishments of Morley Jeffers Williams. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 1, 1886 – Born in Tillsenburg, Ontario, Canada.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1910-1911 – Attended the engineering school at the University of Toronto for training as a civil engineer.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1911 – Hired as a bridge construction inspector by the Canadian Pacific Railroad.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1912 – Hired as bridge construction inspector and the acting engineer of bridge site surveys by the Montreal-Port Arthur District of the Canadian Northern Railway.  Eventually promoted to resident engineer in charge of roadbed grading and track-laying.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1914 – Resigned from his job and relocated to Kingsville, Ontario.  Became the co-owner of a grain elevator and cultivated three hundred acres of land with seed grades of corn, small grains, and grasses.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1922 – Began managing Vincent Massey's farm; some responsibilities included consulting about the buildings and presentations of other private farms.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1925: Earned a horticulture degree from the Ontario Agricultural College in Guelph, Ontario.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1927 – Became a student and instructor at Harvard School of Design.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1928 – Earned an MLA (landscape architecture) in city planning at Harvard University's School of Design.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1929 – Received the Sheldon Traveling Fellowship and studied landscape design in Europe and North Africa.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1930 – Became an assistant professor at Harvard School of Design.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 1931 – Awarded a grant from the Clark Fund for Research in Landscape Design at Harvard to study \"American Landscape Design as Exemplified by the Plantation Estates of Maryland and Virginia, 1750 to 1860.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 1931 – Visited various historic plantations, including Gunston Hall and Woodlawn, creating topographic surveys.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 1931 – Contracted to prepare topographic drawings of Mount Vernon for the bicentennial of George Washington's birth.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSummer 1932 – Hired to complete Arthur Shurcliff's research and excavations at Stratford Hall.  Identified many original structures and sketched architectural restoration plans for the east garden at Stratford Hall.  Received a second grant from the Clark Fund, which allowed him to further his research on Virginia and Maryland plantations, including Monticello.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSummer 1933 – Supervised the restoration of the east garden at Stratford Hall.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSummer 1934 – Received funding from the Emergency Relief Administration of Massachusetts to restore God's Acre in Harvard Square, an old burial ground. Upon finishing this restoration project, Williams continued his architectural and archaeological assessment of the grounds at Mount Vernon.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 1935 – Contracted to restore the Kitchen Garden at Mount Vernon under the supervision of Mrs. Horace Brown, the Vice-Regent for Vermont.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSummer 1935 – Continued to oversee the restoration of the Kitchen Garden at Mount Vernon.  He was also contracted to assess the history of White House landscaping in light of possible changes to design.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWinter 1935 – Hired by Mount Vernon as the Director of Research and Restoration.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSpring 1936 – Taught during spring semester at Harvard, then resigned his professorship in order to focus his efforts at Mount Vernon. Williams helped to rebuild and/or restore several original structures on-site including the Kitchen Garden and Deer Park Wall.  He used artifacts found during excavations such as door hinges and other hardware to model replicas for the newly restored buildings.  Williams also uncovered various original structures including two Ha-Ha walls and a cross-wall underlying the Bowling Green, which were previously unknown to the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1937 – Concerned with preserving the historic integrity of the site, Williams pointed out items and structures he deemed inaccurate such as various walkways and coaches.  As Director of the Department of Research and Restoration, Williams also focused on accessing primary documentation for research, as well as acquiring objects for Mount Vernon's collections.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1938 - Contracted Frances Benjamin Johnston to make photographic studies as a supplement to his measured drawings.  Her photographs were combined with an article written by Williams in the January 1938 edition of Landscape Architecture and the February issue of American Architect and Architecture.  Williams also assigned employees within the Department of Research and Restoration to research various collections located at the Library of Congress that he believed would help to maintain the historic integrity at Mount Vernon as restoration efforts continued.    \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1939 – Under Williams's supervision, the Department of Research and Restoration grew to oversee the research and restoration of the Mansion, Tomb, Gardens, Grounds, and Outbuildings, as well as the development of the Library.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 16, 1939 – Board of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association voted to dismantle the Department of Research and Restoration as of June 1, 1939.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSummer 1939 – Williams ended his association with Mount Vernon after the dissolution of the Department of Research and Restoration and began his own business conducting architectural and archaeological research.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1940 – 1941 – Researched 18th-century manuscripts and newspapers in several prominent repositories, including the Library of Congress. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1941-1947 – Morley Williams and his wife, Nathalia Williams, managed their own business for architectural and archaeological research.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1947 – Hired as a professor of landscape architecture by the North Carolina State College (now University) School of Design.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1948 – Appointed chair of the landscape architecture department at the North Carolina State College (now University) School of Design.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1952 –1960 (ca.) - Contracted to restore Tryon Palace, a pre-Revolutionary governor's mansion in North Carolina.  Oversaw archaeological excavations that exposed the original foundation of the governor's mansion, as well as uncovered other structural aspects of the site such as water sources and outbuildings.  Since no garden plots were discovered, Williams drew plans for formal gardens authentic to the time period Tryon Palace was first constructed.  During the excavations and restoration, Williams salvaged many artifacts, which he never fully identified and/or processed.  This later became a point of contention between Williams and the benefactors of Tryon Palace.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1961 – Returned to Harvard as a lecturer for landscape architecture.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 1961 – Settled accounts with Tryon Palace by returning all artifacts to the Tryon Palace Commission.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1962-1977 – Williams and his wife continued to restore historic sites and landscapes for the remainder of his life.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 1977 – At ninety-one, Williams returned with his family to Mount Vernon for a visit, and was well received by Regent Mrs. John H. Guy, Jr., Director Charles Cecil Wall, and others.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 1, 1977 – Morley Jeffers Williams died of congestive heart failure.     \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Morley Jeffers Williams was born in Tillsonburg, Ontario, Canada on August 1, 1886.  In 1910, twenty-four-year-old Williams attended the engineering school at the University of Toronto for training as a civil engineer.  Over the next eleven years, Williams used his engineering degree to work in various construction and agricultural positions such as bridge construction inspector for the Canadian Pacific Railroad and farm overseer.  After earning a second degree in horticulture from the Ontario Agricultural College in Guelph, Ontario, Williams became an instructor and student at the Harvard University School of Design.","During a successful academic career in which he was awarded several grants and appointed an assistant professor at Harvard School of Design, Williams began to visit historic sites and make topographic surveys for his own research.  He became involved with restoration projects at various sites, and in 1931 the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association (MVLA) contracted Williams to prepare topographic drawings of Mount Vernon for the bicentennial of George Washington's birth.  After Williams completed his work at Mount Vernon, he continued to study the architectural and archaeological elements of George Washington's estate, in addition to his other projects and responsibilities.  In spring 1935, the MVLA again contracted Williams; his task was to restore the Kitchen Garden.  By the following winter, the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association hired Williams to be the Director of the new Research and Restoration Department.","During his time as Director of Research and Restoration, Williams uncovered and assisted in the reconstruction and/or restoration of several original structures on-site including the Kitchen Garden, Deer Park Wall, and two Ha-Ha Walls.  Williams also helped improve the historic integrity within the Mansion, as he both researched 18th-century material culture and used artifacts found during excavations to ensure the objects placed in the mansion and other site buildings were historically accurate for Mount Vernon.  Under Williams's supervision, the Department of Research and Restoration eventually expanded to oversee the restoration of the Mansion, Tomb, and Gardens, and the development of the Library.  \nIn May 1939, the board of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association decided to discontinue both the Department of Research and Restoration and Williams's position as department head.  Soon thereafter, Williams left Mount Vernon and began his own business conducting architectural and archaeological research.","Throughout the duration of his life, Morley Williams worked at various other historic sites including Tryon Palace in North Carolina.  He became a professor of landscape architecture at the North Carolina State College (now University) School of Design, and was later appointed chair of the Landscape Architecture Department.  In early 1977, Williams returned to Mount Vernon with his family for a visit and was well received. Approximately 10 months later, Morley Williams died of congestive heart failure.","Morley Williams was a pioneer of rigorous and scholarly study of Mount Vernon, especially on the evolution of the estate landscape.  As Director of the Research and Restoration Department, Williams used an interdisciplinary approach to research and restoration, by combining landscape architecture, history, historic preservation, and archaeology.  Much of the current understanding of Mount Vernon's history is based upon the findings of Morley Williams.  To this day, Morley Jeffers Williams's work continues to be an immeasurable asset to the restoration efforts at Mount Vernon.","Chronology:","The following is a more in-depth timeline charting the life and accomplishments of Morley Jeffers Williams.","August 1, 1886 – Born in Tillsenburg, Ontario, Canada.","1910-1911 – Attended the engineering school at the University of Toronto for training as a civil engineer.","1911 – Hired as a bridge construction inspector by the Canadian Pacific Railroad.","1912 – Hired as bridge construction inspector and the acting engineer of bridge site surveys by the Montreal-Port Arthur District of the Canadian Northern Railway.  Eventually promoted to resident engineer in charge of roadbed grading and track-laying.","1914 – Resigned from his job and relocated to Kingsville, Ontario.  Became the co-owner of a grain elevator and cultivated three hundred acres of land with seed grades of corn, small grains, and grasses.","1922 – Began managing Vincent Massey's farm; some responsibilities included consulting about the buildings and presentations of other private farms.","1925: Earned a horticulture degree from the Ontario Agricultural College in Guelph, Ontario.","1927 – Became a student and instructor at Harvard School of Design.","1928 – Earned an MLA (landscape architecture) in city planning at Harvard University's School of Design.","1929 – Received the Sheldon Traveling Fellowship and studied landscape design in Europe and North Africa.","1930 – Became an assistant professor at Harvard School of Design.","March 1931 – Awarded a grant from the Clark Fund for Research in Landscape Design at Harvard to study \"American Landscape Design as Exemplified by the Plantation Estates of Maryland and Virginia, 1750 to 1860.\"","May 1931 – Visited various historic plantations, including Gunston Hall and Woodlawn, creating topographic surveys.","July 1931 – Contracted to prepare topographic drawings of Mount Vernon for the bicentennial of George Washington's birth.","Summer 1932 – Hired to complete Arthur Shurcliff's research and excavations at Stratford Hall.  Identified many original structures and sketched architectural restoration plans for the east garden at Stratford Hall.  Received a second grant from the Clark Fund, which allowed him to further his research on Virginia and Maryland plantations, including Monticello.","Summer 1933 – Supervised the restoration of the east garden at Stratford Hall.","Summer 1934 – Received funding from the Emergency Relief Administration of Massachusetts to restore God's Acre in Harvard Square, an old burial ground. Upon finishing this restoration project, Williams continued his architectural and archaeological assessment of the grounds at Mount Vernon.","May 1935 – Contracted to restore the Kitchen Garden at Mount Vernon under the supervision of Mrs. Horace Brown, the Vice-Regent for Vermont.","Summer 1935 – Continued to oversee the restoration of the Kitchen Garden at Mount Vernon.  He was also contracted to assess the history of White House landscaping in light of possible changes to design.","Winter 1935 – Hired by Mount Vernon as the Director of Research and Restoration.","Spring 1936 – Taught during spring semester at Harvard, then resigned his professorship in order to focus his efforts at Mount Vernon. Williams helped to rebuild and/or restore several original structures on-site including the Kitchen Garden and Deer Park Wall.  He used artifacts found during excavations such as door hinges and other hardware to model replicas for the newly restored buildings.  Williams also uncovered various original structures including two Ha-Ha walls and a cross-wall underlying the Bowling Green, which were previously unknown to the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association.","1937 – Concerned with preserving the historic integrity of the site, Williams pointed out items and structures he deemed inaccurate such as various walkways and coaches.  As Director of the Department of Research and Restoration, Williams also focused on accessing primary documentation for research, as well as acquiring objects for Mount Vernon's collections.","1938 - Contracted Frances Benjamin Johnston to make photographic studies as a supplement to his measured drawings.  Her photographs were combined with an article written by Williams in the January 1938 edition of Landscape Architecture and the February issue of American Architect and Architecture.  Williams also assigned employees within the Department of Research and Restoration to research various collections located at the Library of Congress that he believed would help to maintain the historic integrity at Mount Vernon as restoration efforts continued.","1939 – Under Williams's supervision, the Department of Research and Restoration grew to oversee the research and restoration of the Mansion, Tomb, Gardens, Grounds, and Outbuildings, as well as the development of the Library.","May 16, 1939 – Board of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association voted to dismantle the Department of Research and Restoration as of June 1, 1939.","Summer 1939 – Williams ended his association with Mount Vernon after the dissolution of the Department of Research and Restoration and began his own business conducting architectural and archaeological research.","1940 – 1941 – Researched 18th-century manuscripts and newspapers in several prominent repositories, including the Library of Congress.","1941-1947 – Morley Williams and his wife, Nathalia Williams, managed their own business for architectural and archaeological research.","1947 – Hired as a professor of landscape architecture by the North Carolina State College (now University) School of Design.","1948 – Appointed chair of the landscape architecture department at the North Carolina State College (now University) School of Design.","1952 –1960 (ca.) - Contracted to restore Tryon Palace, a pre-Revolutionary governor's mansion in North Carolina.  Oversaw archaeological excavations that exposed the original foundation of the governor's mansion, as well as uncovered other structural aspects of the site such as water sources and outbuildings.  Since no garden plots were discovered, Williams drew plans for formal gardens authentic to the time period Tryon Palace was first constructed.  During the excavations and restoration, Williams salvaged many artifacts, which he never fully identified and/or processed.  This later became a point of contention between Williams and the benefactors of Tryon Palace.","1961 – Returned to Harvard as a lecturer for landscape architecture.","December 1961 – Settled accounts with Tryon Palace by returning all artifacts to the Tryon Palace Commission.","1962-1977 – Williams and his wife continued to restore historic sites and landscapes for the remainder of his life.","February 1977 – At ninety-one, Williams returned with his family to Mount Vernon for a visit, and was well received by Regent Mrs. John H. Guy, Jr., Director Charles Cecil Wall, and others.","December 1, 1977 – Morley Jeffers Williams died of congestive heart failure."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Name and date of item], The Morley Jeffers Williams Collection, [Series, Folder], Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, Fred W. Smith National Library for the Study of George Washington [hereafter Washington Library], Mount Vernon, Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee the Chicago Manual of Style for additional examples. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Name and date of item], The Morley Jeffers Williams Collection, [Series, Folder], Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, Fred W. Smith National Library for the Study of George Washington [hereafter Washington Library], Mount Vernon, Virginia","See the Chicago Manual of Style for additional examples."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers of the MVLA\nPapers of the Superintendent and Resident Director\nMeasured drawings (architectural drawings)\nRestoration Files of the Historic Structures Report\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Papers of the MVLA\nPapers of the Superintendent and Resident Director\nMeasured drawings (architectural drawings)\nRestoration Files of the Historic Structures Report"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of correspondence, reports, surveys, newspaper clippings, biographies and other written works, bibliographies, excerpts from diaries, letters, inventories and ledgers, various types of architectural and archaeological drawings, maps, and images documenting the work and research conducted during Morley Jeffers Williams's tenure at George Washington's Mount Vernon.  Williams compiled the majority of the documents and images found in this collection between 1931 and 1939; however, the information contained within these records dates from 1602 to 1967.  \nThe bulk of the collection consists of numerous architectural and archaeological drawings detailing past and contemporary views of George Washington's estate; furthermore, there are several drawings depicting possible future renovations to Mount Vernon.  This collection also contains a large amount of scholarly research pertaining to George Washington, Mount Vernon, and 18th-century life and culture.  This information provides an in-depth understanding of George Washington's life, particularly concerning his interactions with his estate.  Other documentation charts the efforts of Morley Jeffers Williams as he worked to restore the structures and landscape at Mount Vernon.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of correspondence, reports, surveys, newspaper clippings, biographies and other written works, bibliographies, excerpts from diaries, letters, inventories and ledgers, various types of architectural and archaeological drawings, maps, and images documenting the work and research conducted during Morley Jeffers Williams's tenure at George Washington's Mount Vernon.  Williams compiled the majority of the documents and images found in this collection between 1931 and 1939; however, the information contained within these records dates from 1602 to 1967.  \nThe bulk of the collection consists of numerous architectural and archaeological drawings detailing past and contemporary views of George Washington's estate; furthermore, there are several drawings depicting possible future renovations to Mount Vernon.  This collection also contains a large amount of scholarly research pertaining to George Washington, Mount Vernon, and 18th-century life and culture.  This information provides an in-depth understanding of George Washington's life, particularly concerning his interactions with his estate.  Other documentation charts the efforts of Morley Jeffers Williams as he worked to restore the structures and landscape at Mount Vernon."],"corpname_ssim":["Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association"],"persname_ssim":["Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Johnston, Frances Benjamin, 1864-1952","Ulman, Nathalia","Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995"],"names_ssim":["Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Johnston, Frances Benjamin, 1864-1952","Ulman, Nathalia","Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":317,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:25:04.240Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2","ead_ssi":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2","_root_":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2","_nest_parent_":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/MV/repositories_2_resources_2.xml","title_ssm":["Morley Jeffers Williams Collection"],"title_tesim":["Morley Jeffers Williams Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1602-1967"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1602-1967"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1602/1967"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Morley Jeffers Williams Collection, 1602/1967"],"text":["Morley Jeffers Williams Collection, 1602/1967","A.MJW","/repositories/2/resources/2","This collection is open to research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. The library reserves the right to restrict access to items for preservation purposes.","Materials in each series have been arranged alphabetically and according to subject matter.","List of Series:\nSeries 1: Structures, 1676 – 1938\nSub-Series 1.1: Buildings and Structures\nSub-Series 1.2: Mansion\n  \tI. General\n   \tII. Exterior\n \tIII. Interior\nSeries 2: Landscape, 1737 – 1939\nSub-Series 2.1: Gardens\nSub-Series 2.2: Grounds\nSub-Series 2.3: Walls \u0026 Gates\nSeries 3: Farming \u0026 Life at Mount Vernon, 1713 – 1925 \nSeries 4: Other Historic Sites, 1730 – 1937\nSeries 5: Biographical Information, 1602 – 1962\nSub-Series 5.1: Biographies\nSub-Series 5.2: Bibliographies \u0026 Written Works\nSub-Series 5.3: Chronologies\nSub-Series 5.4: Writings to/from George Washington\nSeries 6: Architecture and Archaeology \nSub-Series 6.1: Maps \u0026 Drawings\nSub-Series 6.2: Surveys\nSeries 7: Ephemera, 1758 - 1938\nSub-Series 7.1: Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\nSub-Series 7.2: Reports\nSub-Series 7.3: Images","Morley Jeffers Williams was born in Tillsonburg, Ontario, Canada on August 1, 1886.  In 1910, twenty-four-year-old Williams attended the engineering school at the University of Toronto for training as a civil engineer.  Over the next eleven years, Williams used his engineering degree to work in various construction and agricultural positions such as bridge construction inspector for the Canadian Pacific Railroad and farm overseer.  After earning a second degree in horticulture from the Ontario Agricultural College in Guelph, Ontario, Williams became an instructor and student at the Harvard University School of Design.","During a successful academic career in which he was awarded several grants and appointed an assistant professor at Harvard School of Design, Williams began to visit historic sites and make topographic surveys for his own research.  He became involved with restoration projects at various sites, and in 1931 the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association (MVLA) contracted Williams to prepare topographic drawings of Mount Vernon for the bicentennial of George Washington's birth.  After Williams completed his work at Mount Vernon, he continued to study the architectural and archaeological elements of George Washington's estate, in addition to his other projects and responsibilities.  In spring 1935, the MVLA again contracted Williams; his task was to restore the Kitchen Garden.  By the following winter, the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association hired Williams to be the Director of the new Research and Restoration Department.","During his time as Director of Research and Restoration, Williams uncovered and assisted in the reconstruction and/or restoration of several original structures on-site including the Kitchen Garden, Deer Park Wall, and two Ha-Ha Walls.  Williams also helped improve the historic integrity within the Mansion, as he both researched 18th-century material culture and used artifacts found during excavations to ensure the objects placed in the mansion and other site buildings were historically accurate for Mount Vernon.  Under Williams's supervision, the Department of Research and Restoration eventually expanded to oversee the restoration of the Mansion, Tomb, and Gardens, and the development of the Library.  \nIn May 1939, the board of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association decided to discontinue both the Department of Research and Restoration and Williams's position as department head.  Soon thereafter, Williams left Mount Vernon and began his own business conducting architectural and archaeological research.","Throughout the duration of his life, Morley Williams worked at various other historic sites including Tryon Palace in North Carolina.  He became a professor of landscape architecture at the North Carolina State College (now University) School of Design, and was later appointed chair of the Landscape Architecture Department.  In early 1977, Williams returned to Mount Vernon with his family for a visit and was well received. Approximately 10 months later, Morley Williams died of congestive heart failure.","Morley Williams was a pioneer of rigorous and scholarly study of Mount Vernon, especially on the evolution of the estate landscape.  As Director of the Research and Restoration Department, Williams used an interdisciplinary approach to research and restoration, by combining landscape architecture, history, historic preservation, and archaeology.  Much of the current understanding of Mount Vernon's history is based upon the findings of Morley Williams.  To this day, Morley Jeffers Williams's work continues to be an immeasurable asset to the restoration efforts at Mount Vernon.","Chronology:","The following is a more in-depth timeline charting the life and accomplishments of Morley Jeffers Williams.","August 1, 1886 – Born in Tillsenburg, Ontario, Canada.","1910-1911 – Attended the engineering school at the University of Toronto for training as a civil engineer.","1911 – Hired as a bridge construction inspector by the Canadian Pacific Railroad.","1912 – Hired as bridge construction inspector and the acting engineer of bridge site surveys by the Montreal-Port Arthur District of the Canadian Northern Railway.  Eventually promoted to resident engineer in charge of roadbed grading and track-laying.","1914 – Resigned from his job and relocated to Kingsville, Ontario.  Became the co-owner of a grain elevator and cultivated three hundred acres of land with seed grades of corn, small grains, and grasses.","1922 – Began managing Vincent Massey's farm; some responsibilities included consulting about the buildings and presentations of other private farms.","1925: Earned a horticulture degree from the Ontario Agricultural College in Guelph, Ontario.","1927 – Became a student and instructor at Harvard School of Design.","1928 – Earned an MLA (landscape architecture) in city planning at Harvard University's School of Design.","1929 – Received the Sheldon Traveling Fellowship and studied landscape design in Europe and North Africa.","1930 – Became an assistant professor at Harvard School of Design.","March 1931 – Awarded a grant from the Clark Fund for Research in Landscape Design at Harvard to study \"American Landscape Design as Exemplified by the Plantation Estates of Maryland and Virginia, 1750 to 1860.\"","May 1931 – Visited various historic plantations, including Gunston Hall and Woodlawn, creating topographic surveys.","July 1931 – Contracted to prepare topographic drawings of Mount Vernon for the bicentennial of George Washington's birth.","Summer 1932 – Hired to complete Arthur Shurcliff's research and excavations at Stratford Hall.  Identified many original structures and sketched architectural restoration plans for the east garden at Stratford Hall.  Received a second grant from the Clark Fund, which allowed him to further his research on Virginia and Maryland plantations, including Monticello.","Summer 1933 – Supervised the restoration of the east garden at Stratford Hall.","Summer 1934 – Received funding from the Emergency Relief Administration of Massachusetts to restore God's Acre in Harvard Square, an old burial ground. Upon finishing this restoration project, Williams continued his architectural and archaeological assessment of the grounds at Mount Vernon.","May 1935 – Contracted to restore the Kitchen Garden at Mount Vernon under the supervision of Mrs. Horace Brown, the Vice-Regent for Vermont.","Summer 1935 – Continued to oversee the restoration of the Kitchen Garden at Mount Vernon.  He was also contracted to assess the history of White House landscaping in light of possible changes to design.","Winter 1935 – Hired by Mount Vernon as the Director of Research and Restoration.","Spring 1936 – Taught during spring semester at Harvard, then resigned his professorship in order to focus his efforts at Mount Vernon. Williams helped to rebuild and/or restore several original structures on-site including the Kitchen Garden and Deer Park Wall.  He used artifacts found during excavations such as door hinges and other hardware to model replicas for the newly restored buildings.  Williams also uncovered various original structures including two Ha-Ha walls and a cross-wall underlying the Bowling Green, which were previously unknown to the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association.","1937 – Concerned with preserving the historic integrity of the site, Williams pointed out items and structures he deemed inaccurate such as various walkways and coaches.  As Director of the Department of Research and Restoration, Williams also focused on accessing primary documentation for research, as well as acquiring objects for Mount Vernon's collections.","1938 - Contracted Frances Benjamin Johnston to make photographic studies as a supplement to his measured drawings.  Her photographs were combined with an article written by Williams in the January 1938 edition of Landscape Architecture and the February issue of American Architect and Architecture.  Williams also assigned employees within the Department of Research and Restoration to research various collections located at the Library of Congress that he believed would help to maintain the historic integrity at Mount Vernon as restoration efforts continued.","1939 – Under Williams's supervision, the Department of Research and Restoration grew to oversee the research and restoration of the Mansion, Tomb, Gardens, Grounds, and Outbuildings, as well as the development of the Library.","May 16, 1939 – Board of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association voted to dismantle the Department of Research and Restoration as of June 1, 1939.","Summer 1939 – Williams ended his association with Mount Vernon after the dissolution of the Department of Research and Restoration and began his own business conducting architectural and archaeological research.","1940 – 1941 – Researched 18th-century manuscripts and newspapers in several prominent repositories, including the Library of Congress.","1941-1947 – Morley Williams and his wife, Nathalia Williams, managed their own business for architectural and archaeological research.","1947 – Hired as a professor of landscape architecture by the North Carolina State College (now University) School of Design.","1948 – Appointed chair of the landscape architecture department at the North Carolina State College (now University) School of Design.","1952 –1960 (ca.) - Contracted to restore Tryon Palace, a pre-Revolutionary governor's mansion in North Carolina.  Oversaw archaeological excavations that exposed the original foundation of the governor's mansion, as well as uncovered other structural aspects of the site such as water sources and outbuildings.  Since no garden plots were discovered, Williams drew plans for formal gardens authentic to the time period Tryon Palace was first constructed.  During the excavations and restoration, Williams salvaged many artifacts, which he never fully identified and/or processed.  This later became a point of contention between Williams and the benefactors of Tryon Palace.","1961 – Returned to Harvard as a lecturer for landscape architecture.","December 1961 – Settled accounts with Tryon Palace by returning all artifacts to the Tryon Palace Commission.","1962-1977 – Williams and his wife continued to restore historic sites and landscapes for the remainder of his life.","February 1977 – At ninety-one, Williams returned with his family to Mount Vernon for a visit, and was well received by Regent Mrs. John H. Guy, Jr., Director Charles Cecil Wall, and others.","December 1, 1977 – Morley Jeffers Williams died of congestive heart failure.","Papers of the MVLA\nPapers of the Superintendent and Resident Director\nMeasured drawings (architectural drawings)\nRestoration Files of the Historic Structures Report","The collection consists of correspondence, reports, surveys, newspaper clippings, biographies and other written works, bibliographies, excerpts from diaries, letters, inventories and ledgers, various types of architectural and archaeological drawings, maps, and images documenting the work and research conducted during Morley Jeffers Williams's tenure at George Washington's Mount Vernon.  Williams compiled the majority of the documents and images found in this collection between 1931 and 1939; however, the information contained within these records dates from 1602 to 1967.  \nThe bulk of the collection consists of numerous architectural and archaeological drawings detailing past and contemporary views of George Washington's estate; furthermore, there are several drawings depicting possible future renovations to Mount Vernon.  This collection also contains a large amount of scholarly research pertaining to George Washington, Mount Vernon, and 18th-century life and culture.  This information provides an in-depth understanding of George Washington's life, particularly concerning his interactions with his estate.  Other documentation charts the efforts of Morley Jeffers Williams as he worked to restore the structures and landscape at Mount Vernon.","Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Johnston, Frances Benjamin, 1864-1952","Ulman, Nathalia","Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Morley Jeffers Williams Collection, 1602/1967"],"collection_ssim":["Morley Jeffers Williams Collection, 1602/1967"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A.MJW","/repositories/2/resources/2"],"unitid_tesim":["A.MJW","/repositories/2/resources/2"],"repository_ssm":["The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon"],"repository_ssim":["The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon"],"creator_ssm":["Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977"],"creator_ssim":["Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Johnston, Frances Benjamin, 1864-1952","Ulman, Nathalia","Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association"],"creators_ssim":["Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Johnston, Frances Benjamin, 1864-1952","Ulman, Nathalia","Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["4.62 Linear Feet 11 Hollinger boxes"],"extent_tesim":["4.62 Linear Feet 11 Hollinger boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1602,1603,1604,1605,1606,1607,1608,1609,1610,1611,1612,1613,1614,1615,1616,1617,1618,1619,1620,1621,1622,1623,1624,1625,1626,1627,1628,1629,1630,1631,1632,1633,1634,1635,1636,1637,1638,1639,1640,1641,1642,1643,1644,1645,1646,1647,1648,1649,1650,1651,1652,1653,1654,1655,1656,1657,1658,1659,1660,1661,1662,1663,1664,1665,1666,1667,1668,1669,1670,1671,1672,1673,1674,1675,1676,1677,1678,1679,1680,1681,1682,1683,1684,1685,1686,1687,1688,1689,1690,1691,1692,1693,1694,1695,1696,1697,1698,1699,1700,1701,1702,1703,1704,1705,1706,1707,1708,1709,1710,1711,1712,1713,1714,1715,1716,1717,1718,1719,1720,1721,1722,1723,1724,1725,1726,1727,1728,1729,1730,1731,1732,1733,1734,1735,1736,1737,1738,1739,1740,1741,1742,1743,1744,1745,1746,1747,1748,1749,1750,1751,1752,1753,1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open to research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. The library reserves the right to restrict access to items for preservation purposes.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open to research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. The library reserves the right to restrict access to items for preservation purposes."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in each series have been arranged alphabetically and according to subject matter. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eList of Series:\nSeries 1: Structures, 1676 – 1938\nSub-Series 1.1: Buildings and Structures\nSub-Series 1.2: Mansion\n  \tI. General\n   \tII. Exterior\n \tIII. Interior\nSeries 2: Landscape, 1737 – 1939\nSub-Series 2.1: Gardens\nSub-Series 2.2: Grounds\nSub-Series 2.3: Walls \u0026amp; Gates\nSeries 3: Farming \u0026amp; Life at Mount Vernon, 1713 – 1925 \nSeries 4: Other Historic Sites, 1730 – 1937\nSeries 5: Biographical Information, 1602 – 1962\nSub-Series 5.1: Biographies\nSub-Series 5.2: Bibliographies \u0026amp; Written Works\nSub-Series 5.3: Chronologies\nSub-Series 5.4: Writings to/from George Washington\nSeries 6: Architecture and Archaeology \nSub-Series 6.1: Maps \u0026amp; Drawings\nSub-Series 6.2: Surveys\nSeries 7: Ephemera, 1758 - 1938\nSub-Series 7.1: Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\nSub-Series 7.2: Reports\nSub-Series 7.3: Images\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Materials in each series have been arranged alphabetically and according to subject matter.","List of Series:\nSeries 1: Structures, 1676 – 1938\nSub-Series 1.1: Buildings and Structures\nSub-Series 1.2: Mansion\n  \tI. General\n   \tII. Exterior\n \tIII. Interior\nSeries 2: Landscape, 1737 – 1939\nSub-Series 2.1: Gardens\nSub-Series 2.2: Grounds\nSub-Series 2.3: Walls \u0026 Gates\nSeries 3: Farming \u0026 Life at Mount Vernon, 1713 – 1925 \nSeries 4: Other Historic Sites, 1730 – 1937\nSeries 5: Biographical Information, 1602 – 1962\nSub-Series 5.1: Biographies\nSub-Series 5.2: Bibliographies \u0026 Written Works\nSub-Series 5.3: Chronologies\nSub-Series 5.4: Writings to/from George Washington\nSeries 6: Architecture and Archaeology \nSub-Series 6.1: Maps \u0026 Drawings\nSub-Series 6.2: Surveys\nSeries 7: Ephemera, 1758 - 1938\nSub-Series 7.1: Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\nSub-Series 7.2: Reports\nSub-Series 7.3: Images"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMorley Jeffers Williams was born in Tillsonburg, Ontario, Canada on August 1, 1886.  In 1910, twenty-four-year-old Williams attended the engineering school at the University of Toronto for training as a civil engineer.  Over the next eleven years, Williams used his engineering degree to work in various construction and agricultural positions such as bridge construction inspector for the Canadian Pacific Railroad and farm overseer.  After earning a second degree in horticulture from the Ontario Agricultural College in Guelph, Ontario, Williams became an instructor and student at the Harvard University School of Design.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring a successful academic career in which he was awarded several grants and appointed an assistant professor at Harvard School of Design, Williams began to visit historic sites and make topographic surveys for his own research.  He became involved with restoration projects at various sites, and in 1931 the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association (MVLA) contracted Williams to prepare topographic drawings of Mount Vernon for the bicentennial of George Washington's birth.  After Williams completed his work at Mount Vernon, he continued to study the architectural and archaeological elements of George Washington's estate, in addition to his other projects and responsibilities.  In spring 1935, the MVLA again contracted Williams; his task was to restore the Kitchen Garden.  By the following winter, the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association hired Williams to be the Director of the new Research and Restoration Department.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring his time as Director of Research and Restoration, Williams uncovered and assisted in the reconstruction and/or restoration of several original structures on-site including the Kitchen Garden, Deer Park Wall, and two Ha-Ha Walls.  Williams also helped improve the historic integrity within the Mansion, as he both researched 18th-century material culture and used artifacts found during excavations to ensure the objects placed in the mansion and other site buildings were historically accurate for Mount Vernon.  Under Williams's supervision, the Department of Research and Restoration eventually expanded to oversee the restoration of the Mansion, Tomb, and Gardens, and the development of the Library.  \nIn May 1939, the board of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association decided to discontinue both the Department of Research and Restoration and Williams's position as department head.  Soon thereafter, Williams left Mount Vernon and began his own business conducting architectural and archaeological research. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThroughout the duration of his life, Morley Williams worked at various other historic sites including Tryon Palace in North Carolina.  He became a professor of landscape architecture at the North Carolina State College (now University) School of Design, and was later appointed chair of the Landscape Architecture Department.  In early 1977, Williams returned to Mount Vernon with his family for a visit and was well received. Approximately 10 months later, Morley Williams died of congestive heart failure.     \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMorley Williams was a pioneer of rigorous and scholarly study of Mount Vernon, especially on the evolution of the estate landscape.  As Director of the Research and Restoration Department, Williams used an interdisciplinary approach to research and restoration, by combining landscape architecture, history, historic preservation, and archaeology.  Much of the current understanding of Mount Vernon's history is based upon the findings of Morley Williams.  To this day, Morley Jeffers Williams's work continues to be an immeasurable asset to the restoration efforts at Mount Vernon.   \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChronology:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe following is a more in-depth timeline charting the life and accomplishments of Morley Jeffers Williams. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 1, 1886 – Born in Tillsenburg, Ontario, Canada.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1910-1911 – Attended the engineering school at the University of Toronto for training as a civil engineer.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1911 – Hired as a bridge construction inspector by the Canadian Pacific Railroad.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1912 – Hired as bridge construction inspector and the acting engineer of bridge site surveys by the Montreal-Port Arthur District of the Canadian Northern Railway.  Eventually promoted to resident engineer in charge of roadbed grading and track-laying.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1914 – Resigned from his job and relocated to Kingsville, Ontario.  Became the co-owner of a grain elevator and cultivated three hundred acres of land with seed grades of corn, small grains, and grasses.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1922 – Began managing Vincent Massey's farm; some responsibilities included consulting about the buildings and presentations of other private farms.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1925: Earned a horticulture degree from the Ontario Agricultural College in Guelph, Ontario.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1927 – Became a student and instructor at Harvard School of Design.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1928 – Earned an MLA (landscape architecture) in city planning at Harvard University's School of Design.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1929 – Received the Sheldon Traveling Fellowship and studied landscape design in Europe and North Africa.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1930 – Became an assistant professor at Harvard School of Design.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 1931 – Awarded a grant from the Clark Fund for Research in Landscape Design at Harvard to study \"American Landscape Design as Exemplified by the Plantation Estates of Maryland and Virginia, 1750 to 1860.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 1931 – Visited various historic plantations, including Gunston Hall and Woodlawn, creating topographic surveys.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 1931 – Contracted to prepare topographic drawings of Mount Vernon for the bicentennial of George Washington's birth.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSummer 1932 – Hired to complete Arthur Shurcliff's research and excavations at Stratford Hall.  Identified many original structures and sketched architectural restoration plans for the east garden at Stratford Hall.  Received a second grant from the Clark Fund, which allowed him to further his research on Virginia and Maryland plantations, including Monticello.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSummer 1933 – Supervised the restoration of the east garden at Stratford Hall.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSummer 1934 – Received funding from the Emergency Relief Administration of Massachusetts to restore God's Acre in Harvard Square, an old burial ground. Upon finishing this restoration project, Williams continued his architectural and archaeological assessment of the grounds at Mount Vernon.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 1935 – Contracted to restore the Kitchen Garden at Mount Vernon under the supervision of Mrs. Horace Brown, the Vice-Regent for Vermont.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSummer 1935 – Continued to oversee the restoration of the Kitchen Garden at Mount Vernon.  He was also contracted to assess the history of White House landscaping in light of possible changes to design.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWinter 1935 – Hired by Mount Vernon as the Director of Research and Restoration.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSpring 1936 – Taught during spring semester at Harvard, then resigned his professorship in order to focus his efforts at Mount Vernon. Williams helped to rebuild and/or restore several original structures on-site including the Kitchen Garden and Deer Park Wall.  He used artifacts found during excavations such as door hinges and other hardware to model replicas for the newly restored buildings.  Williams also uncovered various original structures including two Ha-Ha walls and a cross-wall underlying the Bowling Green, which were previously unknown to the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1937 – Concerned with preserving the historic integrity of the site, Williams pointed out items and structures he deemed inaccurate such as various walkways and coaches.  As Director of the Department of Research and Restoration, Williams also focused on accessing primary documentation for research, as well as acquiring objects for Mount Vernon's collections.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1938 - Contracted Frances Benjamin Johnston to make photographic studies as a supplement to his measured drawings.  Her photographs were combined with an article written by Williams in the January 1938 edition of Landscape Architecture and the February issue of American Architect and Architecture.  Williams also assigned employees within the Department of Research and Restoration to research various collections located at the Library of Congress that he believed would help to maintain the historic integrity at Mount Vernon as restoration efforts continued.    \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1939 – Under Williams's supervision, the Department of Research and Restoration grew to oversee the research and restoration of the Mansion, Tomb, Gardens, Grounds, and Outbuildings, as well as the development of the Library.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 16, 1939 – Board of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association voted to dismantle the Department of Research and Restoration as of June 1, 1939.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSummer 1939 – Williams ended his association with Mount Vernon after the dissolution of the Department of Research and Restoration and began his own business conducting architectural and archaeological research.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1940 – 1941 – Researched 18th-century manuscripts and newspapers in several prominent repositories, including the Library of Congress. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1941-1947 – Morley Williams and his wife, Nathalia Williams, managed their own business for architectural and archaeological research.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1947 – Hired as a professor of landscape architecture by the North Carolina State College (now University) School of Design.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1948 – Appointed chair of the landscape architecture department at the North Carolina State College (now University) School of Design.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1952 –1960 (ca.) - Contracted to restore Tryon Palace, a pre-Revolutionary governor's mansion in North Carolina.  Oversaw archaeological excavations that exposed the original foundation of the governor's mansion, as well as uncovered other structural aspects of the site such as water sources and outbuildings.  Since no garden plots were discovered, Williams drew plans for formal gardens authentic to the time period Tryon Palace was first constructed.  During the excavations and restoration, Williams salvaged many artifacts, which he never fully identified and/or processed.  This later became a point of contention between Williams and the benefactors of Tryon Palace.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1961 – Returned to Harvard as a lecturer for landscape architecture.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 1961 – Settled accounts with Tryon Palace by returning all artifacts to the Tryon Palace Commission.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1962-1977 – Williams and his wife continued to restore historic sites and landscapes for the remainder of his life.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 1977 – At ninety-one, Williams returned with his family to Mount Vernon for a visit, and was well received by Regent Mrs. John H. Guy, Jr., Director Charles Cecil Wall, and others.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 1, 1977 – Morley Jeffers Williams died of congestive heart failure.     \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Morley Jeffers Williams was born in Tillsonburg, Ontario, Canada on August 1, 1886.  In 1910, twenty-four-year-old Williams attended the engineering school at the University of Toronto for training as a civil engineer.  Over the next eleven years, Williams used his engineering degree to work in various construction and agricultural positions such as bridge construction inspector for the Canadian Pacific Railroad and farm overseer.  After earning a second degree in horticulture from the Ontario Agricultural College in Guelph, Ontario, Williams became an instructor and student at the Harvard University School of Design.","During a successful academic career in which he was awarded several grants and appointed an assistant professor at Harvard School of Design, Williams began to visit historic sites and make topographic surveys for his own research.  He became involved with restoration projects at various sites, and in 1931 the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association (MVLA) contracted Williams to prepare topographic drawings of Mount Vernon for the bicentennial of George Washington's birth.  After Williams completed his work at Mount Vernon, he continued to study the architectural and archaeological elements of George Washington's estate, in addition to his other projects and responsibilities.  In spring 1935, the MVLA again contracted Williams; his task was to restore the Kitchen Garden.  By the following winter, the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association hired Williams to be the Director of the new Research and Restoration Department.","During his time as Director of Research and Restoration, Williams uncovered and assisted in the reconstruction and/or restoration of several original structures on-site including the Kitchen Garden, Deer Park Wall, and two Ha-Ha Walls.  Williams also helped improve the historic integrity within the Mansion, as he both researched 18th-century material culture and used artifacts found during excavations to ensure the objects placed in the mansion and other site buildings were historically accurate for Mount Vernon.  Under Williams's supervision, the Department of Research and Restoration eventually expanded to oversee the restoration of the Mansion, Tomb, and Gardens, and the development of the Library.  \nIn May 1939, the board of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association decided to discontinue both the Department of Research and Restoration and Williams's position as department head.  Soon thereafter, Williams left Mount Vernon and began his own business conducting architectural and archaeological research.","Throughout the duration of his life, Morley Williams worked at various other historic sites including Tryon Palace in North Carolina.  He became a professor of landscape architecture at the North Carolina State College (now University) School of Design, and was later appointed chair of the Landscape Architecture Department.  In early 1977, Williams returned to Mount Vernon with his family for a visit and was well received. Approximately 10 months later, Morley Williams died of congestive heart failure.","Morley Williams was a pioneer of rigorous and scholarly study of Mount Vernon, especially on the evolution of the estate landscape.  As Director of the Research and Restoration Department, Williams used an interdisciplinary approach to research and restoration, by combining landscape architecture, history, historic preservation, and archaeology.  Much of the current understanding of Mount Vernon's history is based upon the findings of Morley Williams.  To this day, Morley Jeffers Williams's work continues to be an immeasurable asset to the restoration efforts at Mount Vernon.","Chronology:","The following is a more in-depth timeline charting the life and accomplishments of Morley Jeffers Williams.","August 1, 1886 – Born in Tillsenburg, Ontario, Canada.","1910-1911 – Attended the engineering school at the University of Toronto for training as a civil engineer.","1911 – Hired as a bridge construction inspector by the Canadian Pacific Railroad.","1912 – Hired as bridge construction inspector and the acting engineer of bridge site surveys by the Montreal-Port Arthur District of the Canadian Northern Railway.  Eventually promoted to resident engineer in charge of roadbed grading and track-laying.","1914 – Resigned from his job and relocated to Kingsville, Ontario.  Became the co-owner of a grain elevator and cultivated three hundred acres of land with seed grades of corn, small grains, and grasses.","1922 – Began managing Vincent Massey's farm; some responsibilities included consulting about the buildings and presentations of other private farms.","1925: Earned a horticulture degree from the Ontario Agricultural College in Guelph, Ontario.","1927 – Became a student and instructor at Harvard School of Design.","1928 – Earned an MLA (landscape architecture) in city planning at Harvard University's School of Design.","1929 – Received the Sheldon Traveling Fellowship and studied landscape design in Europe and North Africa.","1930 – Became an assistant professor at Harvard School of Design.","March 1931 – Awarded a grant from the Clark Fund for Research in Landscape Design at Harvard to study \"American Landscape Design as Exemplified by the Plantation Estates of Maryland and Virginia, 1750 to 1860.\"","May 1931 – Visited various historic plantations, including Gunston Hall and Woodlawn, creating topographic surveys.","July 1931 – Contracted to prepare topographic drawings of Mount Vernon for the bicentennial of George Washington's birth.","Summer 1932 – Hired to complete Arthur Shurcliff's research and excavations at Stratford Hall.  Identified many original structures and sketched architectural restoration plans for the east garden at Stratford Hall.  Received a second grant from the Clark Fund, which allowed him to further his research on Virginia and Maryland plantations, including Monticello.","Summer 1933 – Supervised the restoration of the east garden at Stratford Hall.","Summer 1934 – Received funding from the Emergency Relief Administration of Massachusetts to restore God's Acre in Harvard Square, an old burial ground. Upon finishing this restoration project, Williams continued his architectural and archaeological assessment of the grounds at Mount Vernon.","May 1935 – Contracted to restore the Kitchen Garden at Mount Vernon under the supervision of Mrs. Horace Brown, the Vice-Regent for Vermont.","Summer 1935 – Continued to oversee the restoration of the Kitchen Garden at Mount Vernon.  He was also contracted to assess the history of White House landscaping in light of possible changes to design.","Winter 1935 – Hired by Mount Vernon as the Director of Research and Restoration.","Spring 1936 – Taught during spring semester at Harvard, then resigned his professorship in order to focus his efforts at Mount Vernon. Williams helped to rebuild and/or restore several original structures on-site including the Kitchen Garden and Deer Park Wall.  He used artifacts found during excavations such as door hinges and other hardware to model replicas for the newly restored buildings.  Williams also uncovered various original structures including two Ha-Ha walls and a cross-wall underlying the Bowling Green, which were previously unknown to the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association.","1937 – Concerned with preserving the historic integrity of the site, Williams pointed out items and structures he deemed inaccurate such as various walkways and coaches.  As Director of the Department of Research and Restoration, Williams also focused on accessing primary documentation for research, as well as acquiring objects for Mount Vernon's collections.","1938 - Contracted Frances Benjamin Johnston to make photographic studies as a supplement to his measured drawings.  Her photographs were combined with an article written by Williams in the January 1938 edition of Landscape Architecture and the February issue of American Architect and Architecture.  Williams also assigned employees within the Department of Research and Restoration to research various collections located at the Library of Congress that he believed would help to maintain the historic integrity at Mount Vernon as restoration efforts continued.","1939 – Under Williams's supervision, the Department of Research and Restoration grew to oversee the research and restoration of the Mansion, Tomb, Gardens, Grounds, and Outbuildings, as well as the development of the Library.","May 16, 1939 – Board of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association voted to dismantle the Department of Research and Restoration as of June 1, 1939.","Summer 1939 – Williams ended his association with Mount Vernon after the dissolution of the Department of Research and Restoration and began his own business conducting architectural and archaeological research.","1940 – 1941 – Researched 18th-century manuscripts and newspapers in several prominent repositories, including the Library of Congress.","1941-1947 – Morley Williams and his wife, Nathalia Williams, managed their own business for architectural and archaeological research.","1947 – Hired as a professor of landscape architecture by the North Carolina State College (now University) School of Design.","1948 – Appointed chair of the landscape architecture department at the North Carolina State College (now University) School of Design.","1952 –1960 (ca.) - Contracted to restore Tryon Palace, a pre-Revolutionary governor's mansion in North Carolina.  Oversaw archaeological excavations that exposed the original foundation of the governor's mansion, as well as uncovered other structural aspects of the site such as water sources and outbuildings.  Since no garden plots were discovered, Williams drew plans for formal gardens authentic to the time period Tryon Palace was first constructed.  During the excavations and restoration, Williams salvaged many artifacts, which he never fully identified and/or processed.  This later became a point of contention between Williams and the benefactors of Tryon Palace.","1961 – Returned to Harvard as a lecturer for landscape architecture.","December 1961 – Settled accounts with Tryon Palace by returning all artifacts to the Tryon Palace Commission.","1962-1977 – Williams and his wife continued to restore historic sites and landscapes for the remainder of his life.","February 1977 – At ninety-one, Williams returned with his family to Mount Vernon for a visit, and was well received by Regent Mrs. John H. Guy, Jr., Director Charles Cecil Wall, and others.","December 1, 1977 – Morley Jeffers Williams died of congestive heart failure."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Name and date of item], The Morley Jeffers Williams Collection, [Series, Folder], Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, Fred W. Smith National Library for the Study of George Washington [hereafter Washington Library], Mount Vernon, Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee the Chicago Manual of Style for additional examples. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Name and date of item], The Morley Jeffers Williams Collection, [Series, Folder], Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, Fred W. Smith National Library for the Study of George Washington [hereafter Washington Library], Mount Vernon, Virginia","See the Chicago Manual of Style for additional examples."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers of the MVLA\nPapers of the Superintendent and Resident Director\nMeasured drawings (architectural drawings)\nRestoration Files of the Historic Structures Report\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Papers of the MVLA\nPapers of the Superintendent and Resident Director\nMeasured drawings (architectural drawings)\nRestoration Files of the Historic Structures Report"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of correspondence, reports, surveys, newspaper clippings, biographies and other written works, bibliographies, excerpts from diaries, letters, inventories and ledgers, various types of architectural and archaeological drawings, maps, and images documenting the work and research conducted during Morley Jeffers Williams's tenure at George Washington's Mount Vernon.  Williams compiled the majority of the documents and images found in this collection between 1931 and 1939; however, the information contained within these records dates from 1602 to 1967.  \nThe bulk of the collection consists of numerous architectural and archaeological drawings detailing past and contemporary views of George Washington's estate; furthermore, there are several drawings depicting possible future renovations to Mount Vernon.  This collection also contains a large amount of scholarly research pertaining to George Washington, Mount Vernon, and 18th-century life and culture.  This information provides an in-depth understanding of George Washington's life, particularly concerning his interactions with his estate.  Other documentation charts the efforts of Morley Jeffers Williams as he worked to restore the structures and landscape at Mount Vernon.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of correspondence, reports, surveys, newspaper clippings, biographies and other written works, bibliographies, excerpts from diaries, letters, inventories and ledgers, various types of architectural and archaeological drawings, maps, and images documenting the work and research conducted during Morley Jeffers Williams's tenure at George Washington's Mount Vernon.  Williams compiled the majority of the documents and images found in this collection between 1931 and 1939; however, the information contained within these records dates from 1602 to 1967.  \nThe bulk of the collection consists of numerous architectural and archaeological drawings detailing past and contemporary views of George Washington's estate; furthermore, there are several drawings depicting possible future renovations to Mount Vernon.  This collection also contains a large amount of scholarly research pertaining to George Washington, Mount Vernon, and 18th-century life and culture.  This information provides an in-depth understanding of George Washington's life, particularly concerning his interactions with his estate.  Other documentation charts the efforts of Morley Jeffers Williams as he worked to restore the structures and landscape at Mount Vernon."],"corpname_ssim":["Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association"],"persname_ssim":["Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Johnston, Frances Benjamin, 1864-1952","Ulman, Nathalia","Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995"],"names_ssim":["Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Johnston, Frances Benjamin, 1864-1952","Ulman, Nathalia","Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":317,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:25:04.240Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2"}},{"id":"vimtvl_repositories_4_resources_60","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Mount Vernon Black and White Film Collection, 1933/2005","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vimtvl_repositories_4_resources_60#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vimtvl_repositories_4_resources_60#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Historical Photograph Collection is largely comprised of materials created by or for the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association. Photographers primarily include staff members and contract photographers. The collection spans the 1930s to the 2000s and includes analog material made up of a variety of sizes of film negatives providing a visual history of the Mansion, outbuildings, tombs, grounds, events, visitors, collection objects, personnel, restoration, and changes throughout the estate.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vimtvl_repositories_4_resources_60#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vimtvl_repositories_4_resources_60","ead_ssi":"vimtvl_repositories_4_resources_60","_root_":"vimtvl_repositories_4_resources_60","_nest_parent_":"vimtvl_repositories_4_resources_60","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/MV/repositories_4_resources_60.xml","title_ssm":["Mount Vernon Black and White Film Collection"],"title_tesim":["Mount Vernon Black and White Film Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1933 - 2005"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1933 - 2005"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1933/2005"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Mount Vernon Black and White Film Collection, 1933/2005"],"text":["Mount Vernon Black and White Film Collection, 1933/2005","BW","/repositories/4/resources/60","This collection is open for research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. The library reserves the right to restrict access to certain items for preservation purposes.","The Mount Vernon Black and White Film Collection is an internal collection primarily organized in chronological order. Items are assigned an identification number based on the time the film material enters the collection. The physical arrangement is organized by material size and format.","Items in this collection were either created by or under contract by the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association. Materials are added to the collection as they are created or processed. For additional information please contact the Manager of Visual Resources.","The Historical Photograph Collection is largely comprised of materials created by or for the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association. Photographers primarily include staff members and contract photographers. The collection spans the 1930s to the 2000s and includes analog material made up of a variety of sizes of film negatives providing a visual history of the Mansion, outbuildings, tombs, grounds, events, visitors, collection objects, personnel, restoration, and changes throughout the estate.","Photo Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union","Capitol Photo","Davis, Wick, Rosengarten Company, Inc.","National Geographic Society (U.S.)","Micro-Master","Judd \u0026 Detweiler","Henry's Camera Center","Cooper Trent","Detroit Publishing Co.","MFM Design","Northeast Document Conservation Center (NEDCC)","Tisara Studio (Alexandria, VA)","United States Information Agency","International News Photos (New York, N.Y.)","Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","Morse, Frank","Fisher, Robert B.","Crandell, Dwight S.","Marler, Howard B.","Boyle, Bonnie","Vaughan, Ted","Abbott, Harold T.","Killam, Charles W.","Grimsley, Norman, 1890-1976","Petitt, Arthur","Dodge, Harrison Howell, 1852-1937","Woodbury, Charlotte, 1873-1966","Brown, Caroline Hinman Clement","Jennings, Annie Burr, 1855-1939","Warren, Romayne Latta, 1877-1968","Foster, Victorine Du Pont, 1849-1934","Hanks, Mary Esther Vilas, 1873-1959","Failing, Mary Forbush, 1862-1947","Quander, Thomas H.","Duvall, James Garfield (Jesse)","Permar, William Jones, 1856-1940","Rouse, James B., 1896-1946","Rouse, William L.","Thomas, O. J. \"Buck\" (Oswald)","Rouse, Harrison Dodge","Maxey, Mary Frances Campbell","Damtew, Desta, Ras, 1892-1937","Roosevelt, Eleanor, 1884-1962","Thayer, Pauline Revere, 1862-1934","Young , James","Washington, Julian H., 1894-1953","Comegys, Harriet Clayton, 1840-1927","Archer, James R.","Leet Bros.","Enersen, Lawrence","Cunningham, Ann Pamela, 1816-1875","Neitzey, Wilfred Henry, 1895-1988","Miller, George W. (Willie)","Lacey, Fred","Simms, Walter","Ayres, Tom","Collins, Howard","Rogers, Manuel","McCalley, Charles","Deavers, Linton, 1906-1968","Costello, Ernest","Ford, George F., 1859-1935","Stirl, George S.","Richards, Alice Haliburton King, 1860-1936","Peery, George Campbell, 1873-1952","Peery, Nancy Gillespie, 1882-1963","Call, Norman, 1880-1959","Page, Roswell, 1858-1939","Smoot, William Albert, 2nd, 1878-1941","Lehman, Harry","Doughton, Page","Taylor, Roy","Webster, John Wallace","Mott, Agnes Peter, 1880-1957","Price, James H.  (James Hubert), 1878-1943","George VI, King of Great Britain, 1895-1952","Elizabeth, Queen, consort of George VI, King of Great Britain, 1900-2002","Towner, Harriet C. (Harriet Cole), 1869-1942","Reith, Alexander","Teller, Albert","Murdock, John Robert, 1885-1972","Johnston, Frances Benjamin, 1864-1952","Bourbon-Parma, Félix Marie Vincent de (Vollstaendiger Name), 1893-1970","Davies, Joseph Edward, 1876-1958","Woltz, Lewis P.","Juliana, Queen of the Netherlands, 1909-2004","Macomber, Walter","Rowe, Abbie, 1905-1967","Chamberlain, Samuel V., 1895-1975","Hatch","Dunlop, James R.","Chatterton, John C.","Bailey, Worth, 1908-1980","Washington, Eleanor Love Selden, 1824-1860","Miller, Walter","Loeb, Morris, 1878-1969","Washington, Ella Bassett, 1834-1898","Anderson, Anne Page Wilder, 1873-1956","Holden, Polly Bullard, 1906-2004","Barnes, Mary Fauntleroy, 1824-1912","Skutans, Albert","Greenough, Louisa Ingersoll, 1813-1891","Lamb, William Harrison","Johnston, Elizabeth Johnston Evans, 1851-1934","Longfellow, Alice M. (Alice Mary), 1850-1928","Harkness, Hope Hodgman Powel, 1889-1974","Billups, Mary Govan, 1874-1971","Van Deventer, Mary Finley","Miller, Johnnie J.","Guy, Frances Claiborne, 1921-2016","Tucker, Bennett","Neitzey, Albert","Embrey, Ernest","Bermingham, Philip","Williams, Priscilla de Forest","Emison, Nancy","Bennett, Jamie Armstrong, 1881-1963","Whitmore, Richard","Leach, Peter","Lewis, Taylor","Pringle, Elizabeth W. Allston (Elizabeth Waties Allston), 1845-1921","Connolly, Harry, 1952-","Maus, Carol","Pogue, Dennis, J.","Finley, Russ","Sommerfield, William","Seamans, Eugenia Merrill, 1922-2010","Hutchinson, A.","Tracy, Sarah, 1820-1896","Castellani, John A., 1944-1993","Adair, William","Le Francois, Marc","Gulezian, Mark","Gorham, Anne Huber","Conroy, Carter Harrison [Hal]","Stallsworth, Lee","Peters, Karen V.","Owen, Edward","Dillon, Luke C., 1836-1904","Geiger, William","Pickens, Lucy Petaway Holcombe","Denham, Mary Simkins, 1868-1950","Hale, Sarah King, 1798-1865","Craik, James, 1730-1814","Lewis, Eleanor Parke Custis, 1779-1852","Washington, George, 1732-1799","Van Antwerp, Jane Yates, 1815-1870","Morse, Margaretta Wederstrandt, 1816-1893","Le Vert, Octavia Walton, 1810-1877","Farnsworth, Hannah Blake, 1802-1879","McWillie, Catherine Anderson, 1812-1873","Fogg, Francis B., Mrs., 1800-1872","Jeffrey, Rosa Vertner, 1828-1894","Chace, Abby Wheaton Pearce","Walton, Elizabeth McKnight Tilden","Mitchell, Martha Reed, 1818-1902","Comegys, Margaret Douglass, 1816-1888","Pendleton, Mary Alicia Key, 1824-1886","Murat, Catherine Willis, 1803-1867","Dickinson, Alice London, 1814-1881","Schuyler, Mary Morris Hamilton, 1818-1877","Little, Abba Isabella Chamberlain, 1816-1893","Ritchie, Anna Cora Mowatt, 1819-1870","Eve, Philoclea Edgeworth Casey, 1813-1889","Everett, Edward, 1794-1865","Petigru, James Louis, 1789-1863","Laughton, Lily Macalester Berghmans, 1832-1891","Hollingsworth, John McHenry, 1823-1889","Lossing, Benson John, 1813-1891","Law, Elizabeth Parke Custis, 1776-1831","Washington, Martha, 1731-1802","Holland, William, 1887-1968","Curtice, Carroll","Young, Arthur, 1741-1820","Fisher, S. R.  (Samuel Ritter), 1834-1908","Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Fredericks, Harold J.","Simms, Sherman","Beirne, Rosamond Randall, 1894-1969","Ball, Emma R., 1838-1918","Richardson, Ida Ann Slocomb, 1830-1910","Whelan, Franklin A.","Lafayette, Marie Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert Du Motier, marquis de, 1757-1834","Sargent, Charles Sprague, 1841-1927","Okamoto, Yoichi R. (Yoichi Robert), 1915-1985","Symmes, Harrison M., 1921-2010","Olmsted, A. J.","Harris \u0026 Ewing","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Mount Vernon Black and White Film Collection, 1933/2005"],"collection_ssim":["Mount Vernon Black and White Film Collection, 1933/2005"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["BW","/repositories/4/resources/60"],"unitid_tesim":["BW","/repositories/4/resources/60"],"repository_ssm":["The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon"],"repository_ssim":["The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon"],"creator_ssm":["Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union"],"creator_ssim":["Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","Morse, Frank","Fisher, Robert B.","Crandell, Dwight S.","Marler, Howard B.","Boyle, Bonnie","Vaughan, Ted","Abbott, Harold T.","Killam, Charles W.","Grimsley, Norman, 1890-1976","Petitt, Arthur","Dodge, Harrison Howell, 1852-1937","Woodbury, Charlotte, 1873-1966","Brown, Caroline Hinman Clement","Jennings, Annie Burr, 1855-1939","Warren, Romayne Latta, 1877-1968","Foster, Victorine Du Pont, 1849-1934","Hanks, Mary Esther Vilas, 1873-1959","Failing, Mary Forbush, 1862-1947","Quander, Thomas H.","Duvall, James Garfield (Jesse)","Permar, William Jones, 1856-1940","Rouse, James B., 1896-1946","Rouse, William L.","Thomas, O. J. \"Buck\" (Oswald)","Rouse, Harrison Dodge","Maxey, Mary Frances Campbell","Damtew, Desta, Ras, 1892-1937","Roosevelt, Eleanor, 1884-1962","Thayer, Pauline Revere, 1862-1934","Young , James","Washington, Julian H., 1894-1953","Comegys, Harriet Clayton, 1840-1927","Archer, James R.","Leet Bros.","Enersen, Lawrence","Cunningham, Ann Pamela, 1816-1875","Neitzey, Wilfred Henry, 1895-1988","Miller, George W. (Willie)","Lacey, Fred","Simms, Walter","Ayres, Tom","Collins, Howard","Rogers, Manuel","McCalley, Charles","Deavers, Linton, 1906-1968","Costello, Ernest","Ford, George F., 1859-1935","Stirl, George S.","Richards, Alice Haliburton King, 1860-1936","Peery, George Campbell, 1873-1952","Peery, Nancy Gillespie, 1882-1963","Call, Norman, 1880-1959","Page, Roswell, 1858-1939","Smoot, William Albert, 2nd, 1878-1941","Lehman, Harry","Doughton, Page","Taylor, Roy","Webster, John Wallace","Mott, Agnes Peter, 1880-1957","Price, James H.  (James Hubert), 1878-1943","George VI, King of Great Britain, 1895-1952","Elizabeth, Queen, consort of George VI, King of Great Britain, 1900-2002","Towner, Harriet C. (Harriet Cole), 1869-1942","Reith, Alexander","Teller, Albert","Murdock, John Robert, 1885-1972","Johnston, Frances Benjamin, 1864-1952","Bourbon-Parma, Félix Marie Vincent de (Vollstaendiger Name), 1893-1970","Davies, Joseph Edward, 1876-1958","Woltz, Lewis P.","Juliana, Queen of the Netherlands, 1909-2004","Macomber, Walter","Rowe, Abbie, 1905-1967","Chamberlain, Samuel V., 1895-1975","Hatch","Dunlop, James R.","Chatterton, John C.","Bailey, Worth, 1908-1980","Washington, Eleanor Love Selden, 1824-1860","Miller, Walter","Loeb, Morris, 1878-1969","Washington, Ella Bassett, 1834-1898","Anderson, Anne Page Wilder, 1873-1956","Holden, Polly Bullard, 1906-2004","Barnes, Mary Fauntleroy, 1824-1912","Skutans, Albert","Greenough, Louisa Ingersoll, 1813-1891","Lamb, William Harrison","Johnston, Elizabeth Johnston Evans, 1851-1934","Longfellow, Alice M. (Alice Mary), 1850-1928","Harkness, Hope Hodgman Powel, 1889-1974","Billups, Mary Govan, 1874-1971","Van Deventer, Mary Finley","Miller, Johnnie J.","Guy, Frances Claiborne, 1921-2016","Tucker, Bennett","Neitzey, Albert","Embrey, Ernest","Bermingham, Philip","Williams, Priscilla de Forest","Emison, Nancy","Bennett, Jamie Armstrong, 1881-1963","Whitmore, Richard","Leach, Peter","Lewis, Taylor","Pringle, Elizabeth W. Allston (Elizabeth Waties Allston), 1845-1921","Connolly, Harry, 1952-","Maus, Carol","Pogue, Dennis, J.","Finley, Russ","Sommerfield, William","Seamans, Eugenia Merrill, 1922-2010","Hutchinson, A.","Tracy, Sarah, 1820-1896","Castellani, John A., 1944-1993","Adair, William","Le Francois, Marc","Gulezian, Mark","Gorham, Anne Huber","Conroy, Carter Harrison [Hal]","Stallsworth, Lee","Peters, Karen V.","Owen, Edward","Dillon, Luke C., 1836-1904","Geiger, William","Pickens, Lucy Petaway Holcombe","Denham, Mary Simkins, 1868-1950","Hale, Sarah King, 1798-1865","Craik, James, 1730-1814","Lewis, Eleanor Parke Custis, 1779-1852","Washington, George, 1732-1799","Van Antwerp, Jane Yates, 1815-1870","Morse, Margaretta Wederstrandt, 1816-1893","Le Vert, Octavia Walton, 1810-1877","Farnsworth, Hannah Blake, 1802-1879","McWillie, Catherine Anderson, 1812-1873","Fogg, Francis B., Mrs., 1800-1872","Jeffrey, Rosa Vertner, 1828-1894","Chace, Abby Wheaton Pearce","Walton, Elizabeth McKnight Tilden","Mitchell, Martha Reed, 1818-1902","Comegys, Margaret Douglass, 1816-1888","Pendleton, Mary Alicia Key, 1824-1886","Murat, Catherine Willis, 1803-1867","Dickinson, Alice London, 1814-1881","Schuyler, Mary Morris Hamilton, 1818-1877","Little, Abba Isabella Chamberlain, 1816-1893","Ritchie, Anna Cora Mowatt, 1819-1870","Eve, Philoclea Edgeworth Casey, 1813-1889","Everett, Edward, 1794-1865","Petigru, James Louis, 1789-1863","Laughton, Lily Macalester Berghmans, 1832-1891","Hollingsworth, John McHenry, 1823-1889","Lossing, Benson John, 1813-1891","Law, Elizabeth Parke Custis, 1776-1831","Washington, Martha, 1731-1802","Holland, William, 1887-1968","Curtice, Carroll","Young, Arthur, 1741-1820","Fisher, S. R.  (Samuel Ritter), 1834-1908","Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Fredericks, Harold J.","Simms, Sherman","Beirne, Rosamond Randall, 1894-1969","Ball, Emma R., 1838-1918","Richardson, Ida Ann Slocomb, 1830-1910","Whelan, Franklin A.","Lafayette, Marie Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert Du Motier, marquis de, 1757-1834","Sargent, Charles Sprague, 1841-1927","Okamoto, Yoichi R. (Yoichi Robert), 1915-1985","Symmes, Harrison M., 1921-2010","Olmsted, A. J.","Harris \u0026 Ewing"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Photo Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union","Capitol Photo","Davis, Wick, Rosengarten Company, Inc.","National Geographic Society (U.S.)","Micro-Master","Judd \u0026 Detweiler","Henry's Camera Center","Cooper Trent","Detroit Publishing Co.","MFM Design","Northeast Document Conservation Center (NEDCC)","Tisara Studio (Alexandria, VA)","United States Information Agency","International News Photos (New York, N.Y.)"],"creators_ssim":["Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","Morse, Frank","Fisher, Robert B.","Crandell, Dwight S.","Marler, Howard B.","Boyle, Bonnie","Vaughan, Ted","Abbott, Harold T.","Killam, Charles W.","Grimsley, Norman, 1890-1976","Petitt, Arthur","Dodge, Harrison Howell, 1852-1937","Woodbury, Charlotte, 1873-1966","Brown, Caroline Hinman Clement","Jennings, Annie Burr, 1855-1939","Warren, Romayne Latta, 1877-1968","Foster, Victorine Du Pont, 1849-1934","Hanks, Mary Esther Vilas, 1873-1959","Failing, Mary Forbush, 1862-1947","Quander, Thomas H.","Duvall, James Garfield (Jesse)","Permar, William Jones, 1856-1940","Rouse, James B., 1896-1946","Rouse, William L.","Thomas, O. J. \"Buck\" (Oswald)","Rouse, Harrison Dodge","Maxey, Mary Frances Campbell","Damtew, Desta, Ras, 1892-1937","Roosevelt, Eleanor, 1884-1962","Thayer, Pauline Revere, 1862-1934","Young , James","Washington, Julian H., 1894-1953","Comegys, Harriet Clayton, 1840-1927","Archer, James R.","Leet Bros.","Enersen, Lawrence","Cunningham, Ann Pamela, 1816-1875","Neitzey, Wilfred Henry, 1895-1988","Miller, George W. (Willie)","Lacey, Fred","Simms, Walter","Ayres, Tom","Collins, Howard","Rogers, Manuel","McCalley, Charles","Deavers, Linton, 1906-1968","Costello, Ernest","Ford, George F., 1859-1935","Stirl, George S.","Richards, Alice Haliburton King, 1860-1936","Peery, George Campbell, 1873-1952","Peery, Nancy Gillespie, 1882-1963","Call, Norman, 1880-1959","Page, Roswell, 1858-1939","Smoot, William Albert, 2nd, 1878-1941","Lehman, Harry","Doughton, Page","Taylor, Roy","Webster, John Wallace","Mott, Agnes Peter, 1880-1957","Price, James H.  (James Hubert), 1878-1943","George VI, King of Great Britain, 1895-1952","Elizabeth, Queen, consort of George VI, King of Great Britain, 1900-2002","Towner, Harriet C. (Harriet Cole), 1869-1942","Reith, Alexander","Teller, Albert","Murdock, John Robert, 1885-1972","Johnston, Frances Benjamin, 1864-1952","Bourbon-Parma, Félix Marie Vincent de (Vollstaendiger Name), 1893-1970","Davies, Joseph Edward, 1876-1958","Woltz, Lewis P.","Juliana, Queen of the Netherlands, 1909-2004","Macomber, Walter","Rowe, Abbie, 1905-1967","Chamberlain, Samuel V., 1895-1975","Hatch","Dunlop, James R.","Chatterton, John C.","Bailey, Worth, 1908-1980","Washington, Eleanor Love Selden, 1824-1860","Miller, Walter","Loeb, Morris, 1878-1969","Washington, Ella Bassett, 1834-1898","Anderson, Anne Page Wilder, 1873-1956","Holden, Polly Bullard, 1906-2004","Barnes, Mary Fauntleroy, 1824-1912","Skutans, Albert","Greenough, Louisa Ingersoll, 1813-1891","Lamb, William Harrison","Johnston, Elizabeth Johnston Evans, 1851-1934","Longfellow, Alice M. (Alice Mary), 1850-1928","Harkness, Hope Hodgman Powel, 1889-1974","Billups, Mary Govan, 1874-1971","Van Deventer, Mary Finley","Miller, Johnnie J.","Guy, Frances Claiborne, 1921-2016","Tucker, Bennett","Neitzey, Albert","Embrey, Ernest","Bermingham, Philip","Williams, Priscilla de Forest","Emison, Nancy","Bennett, Jamie Armstrong, 1881-1963","Whitmore, Richard","Leach, Peter","Lewis, Taylor","Pringle, Elizabeth W. Allston (Elizabeth Waties Allston), 1845-1921","Connolly, Harry, 1952-","Maus, Carol","Pogue, Dennis, J.","Finley, Russ","Sommerfield, William","Seamans, Eugenia Merrill, 1922-2010","Hutchinson, A.","Tracy, Sarah, 1820-1896","Castellani, John A., 1944-1993","Adair, William","Le Francois, Marc","Gulezian, Mark","Gorham, Anne Huber","Conroy, Carter Harrison [Hal]","Stallsworth, Lee","Peters, Karen V.","Owen, Edward","Dillon, Luke C., 1836-1904","Geiger, William","Pickens, Lucy Petaway Holcombe","Denham, Mary Simkins, 1868-1950","Hale, Sarah King, 1798-1865","Craik, James, 1730-1814","Lewis, Eleanor Parke Custis, 1779-1852","Washington, George, 1732-1799","Van Antwerp, Jane Yates, 1815-1870","Morse, Margaretta Wederstrandt, 1816-1893","Le Vert, Octavia Walton, 1810-1877","Farnsworth, Hannah Blake, 1802-1879","McWillie, Catherine Anderson, 1812-1873","Fogg, Francis B., Mrs., 1800-1872","Jeffrey, Rosa Vertner, 1828-1894","Chace, Abby Wheaton Pearce","Walton, Elizabeth McKnight Tilden","Mitchell, Martha Reed, 1818-1902","Comegys, Margaret Douglass, 1816-1888","Pendleton, Mary Alicia Key, 1824-1886","Murat, Catherine Willis, 1803-1867","Dickinson, Alice London, 1814-1881","Schuyler, Mary Morris Hamilton, 1818-1877","Little, Abba Isabella Chamberlain, 1816-1893","Ritchie, Anna Cora Mowatt, 1819-1870","Eve, Philoclea Edgeworth Casey, 1813-1889","Everett, Edward, 1794-1865","Petigru, James Louis, 1789-1863","Laughton, Lily Macalester Berghmans, 1832-1891","Hollingsworth, John McHenry, 1823-1889","Lossing, Benson John, 1813-1891","Law, Elizabeth Parke Custis, 1776-1831","Washington, Martha, 1731-1802","Holland, William, 1887-1968","Curtice, Carroll","Young, Arthur, 1741-1820","Fisher, S. R.  (Samuel Ritter), 1834-1908","Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Fredericks, Harold J.","Simms, Sherman","Beirne, Rosamond Randall, 1894-1969","Ball, Emma R., 1838-1918","Richardson, Ida Ann Slocomb, 1830-1910","Whelan, Franklin A.","Lafayette, Marie Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert Du Motier, marquis de, 1757-1834","Sargent, Charles Sprague, 1841-1927","Okamoto, Yoichi R. (Yoichi Robert), 1915-1985","Symmes, Harrison M., 1921-2010","Olmsted, A. J.","Harris \u0026 Ewing","Photo Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union","Capitol Photo","Davis, Wick, Rosengarten Company, Inc.","National Geographic Society (U.S.)","Micro-Master","Judd \u0026 Detweiler","Henry's Camera Center","Cooper Trent","Detroit Publishing Co.","MFM Design","Northeast Document Conservation Center (NEDCC)","Tisara Studio (Alexandria, VA)","United States Information Agency","International News Photos (New York, N.Y.)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["30 Linear Feet Variety of container sizes based on film negative sizes and types.","5 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["30 Linear Feet Variety of container sizes based on film negative sizes and types.","5 Linear Feet"],"physfacet_tesim":["Unprocessed material"],"date_range_isim":[1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. The library reserves the right to restrict access to certain items for preservation purposes.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. The library reserves the right to restrict access to certain items for preservation purposes."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Mount Vernon Black and White Film Collection is an internal collection primarily organized in chronological order. Items are assigned an identification number based on the time the film material enters the collection. The physical arrangement is organized by material size and format.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Mount Vernon Black and White Film Collection is an internal collection primarily organized in chronological order. Items are assigned an identification number based on the time the film material enters the collection. The physical arrangement is organized by material size and format."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eItems in this collection were either created by or under contract by the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association. Materials are added to the collection as they are created or processed. For additional information please contact the Manager of Visual Resources.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["Items in this collection were either created by or under contract by the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association. Materials are added to the collection as they are created or processed. For additional information please contact the Manager of Visual Resources."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Name and date of item], Historical Photograph Collection, [Folder], Photo Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, The George Washington Presidential Library [hereafter Washington Library], Mount Vernon, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Name and date of item], Historical Photograph Collection, [Folder], Photo Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, The George Washington Presidential Library [hereafter Washington Library], Mount Vernon, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Historical Photograph Collection is largely comprised of materials created by or for the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association. Photographers primarily include staff members and contract photographers. The collection spans the 1930s to the 2000s and includes analog material made up of a variety of sizes of film negatives providing a visual history of the Mansion, outbuildings, tombs, grounds, events, visitors, collection objects, personnel, restoration, and changes throughout the estate.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Historical Photograph Collection is largely comprised of materials created by or for the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association. Photographers primarily include staff members and contract photographers. The collection spans the 1930s to the 2000s and includes analog material made up of a variety of sizes of film negatives providing a visual history of the Mansion, outbuildings, tombs, grounds, events, visitors, collection objects, personnel, restoration, and changes throughout the estate."],"corpname_ssim":["Photo Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union","Capitol Photo","Davis, Wick, Rosengarten Company, Inc.","National Geographic Society (U.S.)","Micro-Master","Judd \u0026 Detweiler","Henry's Camera Center","Cooper Trent","Detroit Publishing Co.","MFM Design","Northeast Document Conservation Center (NEDCC)","Tisara Studio (Alexandria, VA)","United States Information Agency","International News Photos (New York, N.Y.)"],"persname_ssim":["Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","Morse, Frank","Fisher, Robert B.","Crandell, Dwight S.","Marler, Howard B.","Boyle, Bonnie","Vaughan, Ted","Abbott, Harold T.","Killam, Charles W.","Grimsley, Norman, 1890-1976","Petitt, Arthur","Dodge, Harrison Howell, 1852-1937","Woodbury, Charlotte, 1873-1966","Brown, Caroline Hinman Clement","Jennings, Annie Burr, 1855-1939","Warren, Romayne Latta, 1877-1968","Foster, Victorine Du Pont, 1849-1934","Hanks, Mary Esther Vilas, 1873-1959","Failing, Mary Forbush, 1862-1947","Quander, Thomas H.","Duvall, James Garfield (Jesse)","Permar, William Jones, 1856-1940","Rouse, James B., 1896-1946","Rouse, William L.","Thomas, O. J. \"Buck\" (Oswald)","Rouse, Harrison Dodge","Maxey, Mary Frances Campbell","Damtew, Desta, Ras, 1892-1937","Roosevelt, Eleanor, 1884-1962","Thayer, Pauline Revere, 1862-1934","Young , James","Washington, Julian H., 1894-1953","Comegys, Harriet Clayton, 1840-1927","Archer, James R.","Leet Bros.","Enersen, Lawrence","Cunningham, Ann Pamela, 1816-1875","Neitzey, Wilfred Henry, 1895-1988","Miller, George W. (Willie)","Lacey, Fred","Simms, Walter","Ayres, Tom","Collins, Howard","Rogers, Manuel","McCalley, Charles","Deavers, Linton, 1906-1968","Costello, Ernest","Ford, George F., 1859-1935","Stirl, George S.","Richards, Alice Haliburton King, 1860-1936","Peery, George Campbell, 1873-1952","Peery, Nancy Gillespie, 1882-1963","Call, Norman, 1880-1959","Page, Roswell, 1858-1939","Smoot, William Albert, 2nd, 1878-1941","Lehman, Harry","Doughton, Page","Taylor, Roy","Webster, John Wallace","Mott, Agnes Peter, 1880-1957","Price, James H.  (James Hubert), 1878-1943","George VI, King of Great Britain, 1895-1952","Elizabeth, Queen, consort of George VI, King of Great Britain, 1900-2002","Towner, Harriet C. (Harriet Cole), 1869-1942","Reith, Alexander","Teller, Albert","Murdock, John Robert, 1885-1972","Johnston, Frances Benjamin, 1864-1952","Bourbon-Parma, Félix Marie Vincent de (Vollstaendiger Name), 1893-1970","Davies, Joseph Edward, 1876-1958","Woltz, Lewis P.","Juliana, Queen of the Netherlands, 1909-2004","Macomber, Walter","Rowe, Abbie, 1905-1967","Chamberlain, Samuel V., 1895-1975","Hatch","Dunlop, James R.","Chatterton, John C.","Bailey, Worth, 1908-1980","Washington, Eleanor Love Selden, 1824-1860","Miller, Walter","Loeb, Morris, 1878-1969","Washington, Ella Bassett, 1834-1898","Anderson, Anne Page Wilder, 1873-1956","Holden, Polly Bullard, 1906-2004","Barnes, Mary Fauntleroy, 1824-1912","Skutans, Albert","Greenough, Louisa Ingersoll, 1813-1891","Lamb, William Harrison","Johnston, Elizabeth Johnston Evans, 1851-1934","Longfellow, Alice M. (Alice Mary), 1850-1928","Harkness, Hope Hodgman Powel, 1889-1974","Billups, Mary Govan, 1874-1971","Van Deventer, Mary Finley","Miller, Johnnie J.","Guy, Frances Claiborne, 1921-2016","Tucker, Bennett","Neitzey, Albert","Embrey, Ernest","Bermingham, Philip","Williams, Priscilla de Forest","Emison, Nancy","Bennett, Jamie Armstrong, 1881-1963","Whitmore, Richard","Leach, Peter","Lewis, Taylor","Pringle, Elizabeth W. Allston (Elizabeth Waties Allston), 1845-1921","Connolly, Harry, 1952-","Maus, Carol","Pogue, Dennis, J.","Finley, Russ","Sommerfield, William","Seamans, Eugenia Merrill, 1922-2010","Hutchinson, A.","Tracy, Sarah, 1820-1896","Castellani, John A., 1944-1993","Adair, William","Le Francois, Marc","Gulezian, Mark","Gorham, Anne Huber","Conroy, Carter Harrison [Hal]","Stallsworth, Lee","Peters, Karen V.","Owen, Edward","Dillon, Luke C., 1836-1904","Geiger, William","Pickens, Lucy Petaway Holcombe","Denham, Mary Simkins, 1868-1950","Hale, Sarah King, 1798-1865","Craik, James, 1730-1814","Lewis, Eleanor Parke Custis, 1779-1852","Washington, George, 1732-1799","Van Antwerp, Jane Yates, 1815-1870","Morse, Margaretta Wederstrandt, 1816-1893","Le Vert, Octavia Walton, 1810-1877","Farnsworth, Hannah Blake, 1802-1879","McWillie, Catherine Anderson, 1812-1873","Fogg, Francis B., Mrs., 1800-1872","Jeffrey, Rosa Vertner, 1828-1894","Chace, Abby Wheaton Pearce","Walton, Elizabeth McKnight Tilden","Mitchell, Martha Reed, 1818-1902","Comegys, Margaret Douglass, 1816-1888","Pendleton, Mary Alicia Key, 1824-1886","Murat, Catherine Willis, 1803-1867","Dickinson, Alice London, 1814-1881","Schuyler, Mary Morris Hamilton, 1818-1877","Little, Abba Isabella Chamberlain, 1816-1893","Ritchie, Anna Cora Mowatt, 1819-1870","Eve, Philoclea Edgeworth Casey, 1813-1889","Everett, Edward, 1794-1865","Petigru, James Louis, 1789-1863","Laughton, Lily Macalester Berghmans, 1832-1891","Hollingsworth, John McHenry, 1823-1889","Lossing, Benson John, 1813-1891","Law, Elizabeth Parke Custis, 1776-1831","Washington, Martha, 1731-1802","Holland, William, 1887-1968","Curtice, Carroll","Young, Arthur, 1741-1820","Fisher, S. R.  (Samuel Ritter), 1834-1908","Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Fredericks, Harold J.","Simms, Sherman","Beirne, Rosamond Randall, 1894-1969","Ball, Emma R., 1838-1918","Richardson, Ida Ann Slocomb, 1830-1910","Whelan, Franklin A.","Lafayette, Marie Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert Du Motier, marquis de, 1757-1834","Sargent, Charles Sprague, 1841-1927","Okamoto, Yoichi R. (Yoichi Robert), 1915-1985","Symmes, Harrison M., 1921-2010","Olmsted, A. J.","Harris \u0026 Ewing"],"names_ssim":["Photo Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union","Capitol Photo","Davis, Wick, Rosengarten Company, Inc.","National Geographic Society (U.S.)","Micro-Master","Judd \u0026 Detweiler","Henry's Camera Center","Cooper Trent","Detroit Publishing Co.","MFM Design","Northeast Document Conservation Center (NEDCC)","Tisara Studio (Alexandria, VA)","United States Information Agency","International News Photos (New York, N.Y.)","Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","Morse, Frank","Fisher, Robert B.","Crandell, Dwight S.","Marler, Howard B.","Boyle, Bonnie","Vaughan, Ted","Abbott, Harold T.","Killam, Charles W.","Grimsley, Norman, 1890-1976","Petitt, Arthur","Dodge, Harrison Howell, 1852-1937","Woodbury, Charlotte, 1873-1966","Brown, Caroline Hinman Clement","Jennings, Annie Burr, 1855-1939","Warren, Romayne Latta, 1877-1968","Foster, Victorine Du Pont, 1849-1934","Hanks, Mary Esther Vilas, 1873-1959","Failing, Mary Forbush, 1862-1947","Quander, Thomas H.","Duvall, James Garfield (Jesse)","Permar, William Jones, 1856-1940","Rouse, James B., 1896-1946","Rouse, William L.","Thomas, O. J. \"Buck\" (Oswald)","Rouse, Harrison Dodge","Maxey, Mary Frances Campbell","Damtew, Desta, Ras, 1892-1937","Roosevelt, Eleanor, 1884-1962","Thayer, Pauline Revere, 1862-1934","Young , James","Washington, Julian H., 1894-1953","Comegys, Harriet Clayton, 1840-1927","Archer, James R.","Leet Bros.","Enersen, Lawrence","Cunningham, Ann Pamela, 1816-1875","Neitzey, Wilfred Henry, 1895-1988","Miller, George W. (Willie)","Lacey, Fred","Simms, Walter","Ayres, Tom","Collins, Howard","Rogers, Manuel","McCalley, Charles","Deavers, Linton, 1906-1968","Costello, Ernest","Ford, George F., 1859-1935","Stirl, George S.","Richards, Alice Haliburton King, 1860-1936","Peery, George Campbell, 1873-1952","Peery, Nancy Gillespie, 1882-1963","Call, Norman, 1880-1959","Page, Roswell, 1858-1939","Smoot, William Albert, 2nd, 1878-1941","Lehman, Harry","Doughton, Page","Taylor, Roy","Webster, John Wallace","Mott, Agnes Peter, 1880-1957","Price, James H.  (James Hubert), 1878-1943","George VI, King of Great Britain, 1895-1952","Elizabeth, Queen, consort of George VI, King of Great Britain, 1900-2002","Towner, Harriet C. (Harriet Cole), 1869-1942","Reith, Alexander","Teller, Albert","Murdock, John Robert, 1885-1972","Johnston, Frances Benjamin, 1864-1952","Bourbon-Parma, Félix Marie Vincent de (Vollstaendiger Name), 1893-1970","Davies, Joseph Edward, 1876-1958","Woltz, Lewis P.","Juliana, Queen of the Netherlands, 1909-2004","Macomber, Walter","Rowe, Abbie, 1905-1967","Chamberlain, Samuel V., 1895-1975","Hatch","Dunlop, James R.","Chatterton, John C.","Bailey, Worth, 1908-1980","Washington, Eleanor Love Selden, 1824-1860","Miller, Walter","Loeb, Morris, 1878-1969","Washington, Ella Bassett, 1834-1898","Anderson, Anne Page Wilder, 1873-1956","Holden, Polly Bullard, 1906-2004","Barnes, Mary Fauntleroy, 1824-1912","Skutans, Albert","Greenough, Louisa Ingersoll, 1813-1891","Lamb, William Harrison","Johnston, Elizabeth Johnston Evans, 1851-1934","Longfellow, Alice M. (Alice Mary), 1850-1928","Harkness, Hope Hodgman Powel, 1889-1974","Billups, Mary Govan, 1874-1971","Van Deventer, Mary Finley","Miller, Johnnie J.","Guy, Frances Claiborne, 1921-2016","Tucker, Bennett","Neitzey, Albert","Embrey, Ernest","Bermingham, Philip","Williams, Priscilla de Forest","Emison, Nancy","Bennett, Jamie Armstrong, 1881-1963","Whitmore, Richard","Leach, Peter","Lewis, Taylor","Pringle, Elizabeth W. Allston (Elizabeth Waties Allston), 1845-1921","Connolly, Harry, 1952-","Maus, Carol","Pogue, Dennis, J.","Finley, Russ","Sommerfield, William","Seamans, Eugenia Merrill, 1922-2010","Hutchinson, A.","Tracy, Sarah, 1820-1896","Castellani, John A., 1944-1993","Adair, William","Le Francois, Marc","Gulezian, Mark","Gorham, Anne Huber","Conroy, Carter Harrison [Hal]","Stallsworth, Lee","Peters, Karen V.","Owen, Edward","Dillon, Luke C., 1836-1904","Geiger, William","Pickens, Lucy Petaway Holcombe","Denham, Mary Simkins, 1868-1950","Hale, Sarah King, 1798-1865","Craik, James, 1730-1814","Lewis, Eleanor Parke Custis, 1779-1852","Washington, George, 1732-1799","Van Antwerp, Jane Yates, 1815-1870","Morse, Margaretta Wederstrandt, 1816-1893","Le Vert, Octavia Walton, 1810-1877","Farnsworth, Hannah Blake, 1802-1879","McWillie, Catherine Anderson, 1812-1873","Fogg, Francis B., Mrs., 1800-1872","Jeffrey, Rosa Vertner, 1828-1894","Chace, Abby Wheaton Pearce","Walton, Elizabeth McKnight Tilden","Mitchell, Martha Reed, 1818-1902","Comegys, Margaret Douglass, 1816-1888","Pendleton, Mary Alicia Key, 1824-1886","Murat, Catherine Willis, 1803-1867","Dickinson, Alice London, 1814-1881","Schuyler, Mary Morris Hamilton, 1818-1877","Little, Abba Isabella Chamberlain, 1816-1893","Ritchie, Anna Cora Mowatt, 1819-1870","Eve, Philoclea Edgeworth Casey, 1813-1889","Everett, Edward, 1794-1865","Petigru, James Louis, 1789-1863","Laughton, Lily Macalester Berghmans, 1832-1891","Hollingsworth, John McHenry, 1823-1889","Lossing, Benson John, 1813-1891","Law, Elizabeth Parke Custis, 1776-1831","Washington, Martha, 1731-1802","Holland, William, 1887-1968","Curtice, Carroll","Young, Arthur, 1741-1820","Fisher, S. R.  (Samuel Ritter), 1834-1908","Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Fredericks, Harold J.","Simms, Sherman","Beirne, Rosamond Randall, 1894-1969","Ball, Emma R., 1838-1918","Richardson, Ida Ann Slocomb, 1830-1910","Whelan, Franklin A.","Lafayette, Marie Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert Du Motier, marquis de, 1757-1834","Sargent, Charles Sprague, 1841-1927","Okamoto, Yoichi R. (Yoichi Robert), 1915-1985","Symmes, Harrison M., 1921-2010","Olmsted, A. J.","Harris \u0026 Ewing"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":6660,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:25:17.201Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vimtvl_repositories_4_resources_60","ead_ssi":"vimtvl_repositories_4_resources_60","_root_":"vimtvl_repositories_4_resources_60","_nest_parent_":"vimtvl_repositories_4_resources_60","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/MV/repositories_4_resources_60.xml","title_ssm":["Mount Vernon Black and White Film Collection"],"title_tesim":["Mount Vernon Black and White Film Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1933 - 2005"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1933 - 2005"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1933/2005"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Mount Vernon Black and White Film Collection, 1933/2005"],"text":["Mount Vernon Black and White Film Collection, 1933/2005","BW","/repositories/4/resources/60","This collection is open for research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. The library reserves the right to restrict access to certain items for preservation purposes.","The Mount Vernon Black and White Film Collection is an internal collection primarily organized in chronological order. Items are assigned an identification number based on the time the film material enters the collection. The physical arrangement is organized by material size and format.","Items in this collection were either created by or under contract by the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association. Materials are added to the collection as they are created or processed. For additional information please contact the Manager of Visual Resources.","The Historical Photograph Collection is largely comprised of materials created by or for the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association. Photographers primarily include staff members and contract photographers. The collection spans the 1930s to the 2000s and includes analog material made up of a variety of sizes of film negatives providing a visual history of the Mansion, outbuildings, tombs, grounds, events, visitors, collection objects, personnel, restoration, and changes throughout the estate.","Photo Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union","Capitol Photo","Davis, Wick, Rosengarten Company, Inc.","National Geographic Society (U.S.)","Micro-Master","Judd \u0026 Detweiler","Henry's Camera Center","Cooper Trent","Detroit Publishing Co.","MFM Design","Northeast Document Conservation Center (NEDCC)","Tisara Studio (Alexandria, VA)","United States Information Agency","International News Photos (New York, N.Y.)","Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","Morse, Frank","Fisher, Robert B.","Crandell, Dwight S.","Marler, Howard B.","Boyle, Bonnie","Vaughan, Ted","Abbott, Harold T.","Killam, Charles W.","Grimsley, Norman, 1890-1976","Petitt, Arthur","Dodge, Harrison Howell, 1852-1937","Woodbury, Charlotte, 1873-1966","Brown, Caroline Hinman Clement","Jennings, Annie Burr, 1855-1939","Warren, Romayne Latta, 1877-1968","Foster, Victorine Du Pont, 1849-1934","Hanks, Mary Esther Vilas, 1873-1959","Failing, Mary Forbush, 1862-1947","Quander, Thomas H.","Duvall, James Garfield (Jesse)","Permar, William Jones, 1856-1940","Rouse, James B., 1896-1946","Rouse, William L.","Thomas, O. J. \"Buck\" (Oswald)","Rouse, Harrison Dodge","Maxey, Mary Frances Campbell","Damtew, Desta, Ras, 1892-1937","Roosevelt, Eleanor, 1884-1962","Thayer, Pauline Revere, 1862-1934","Young , James","Washington, Julian H., 1894-1953","Comegys, Harriet Clayton, 1840-1927","Archer, James R.","Leet Bros.","Enersen, Lawrence","Cunningham, Ann Pamela, 1816-1875","Neitzey, Wilfred Henry, 1895-1988","Miller, George W. (Willie)","Lacey, Fred","Simms, Walter","Ayres, Tom","Collins, Howard","Rogers, Manuel","McCalley, Charles","Deavers, Linton, 1906-1968","Costello, Ernest","Ford, George F., 1859-1935","Stirl, George S.","Richards, Alice Haliburton King, 1860-1936","Peery, George Campbell, 1873-1952","Peery, Nancy Gillespie, 1882-1963","Call, Norman, 1880-1959","Page, Roswell, 1858-1939","Smoot, William Albert, 2nd, 1878-1941","Lehman, Harry","Doughton, Page","Taylor, Roy","Webster, John Wallace","Mott, Agnes Peter, 1880-1957","Price, James H.  (James Hubert), 1878-1943","George VI, King of Great Britain, 1895-1952","Elizabeth, Queen, consort of George VI, King of Great Britain, 1900-2002","Towner, Harriet C. (Harriet Cole), 1869-1942","Reith, Alexander","Teller, Albert","Murdock, John Robert, 1885-1972","Johnston, Frances Benjamin, 1864-1952","Bourbon-Parma, Félix Marie Vincent de (Vollstaendiger Name), 1893-1970","Davies, Joseph Edward, 1876-1958","Woltz, Lewis P.","Juliana, Queen of the Netherlands, 1909-2004","Macomber, Walter","Rowe, Abbie, 1905-1967","Chamberlain, Samuel V., 1895-1975","Hatch","Dunlop, James R.","Chatterton, John C.","Bailey, Worth, 1908-1980","Washington, Eleanor Love Selden, 1824-1860","Miller, Walter","Loeb, Morris, 1878-1969","Washington, Ella Bassett, 1834-1898","Anderson, Anne Page Wilder, 1873-1956","Holden, Polly Bullard, 1906-2004","Barnes, Mary Fauntleroy, 1824-1912","Skutans, Albert","Greenough, Louisa Ingersoll, 1813-1891","Lamb, William Harrison","Johnston, Elizabeth Johnston Evans, 1851-1934","Longfellow, Alice M. (Alice Mary), 1850-1928","Harkness, Hope Hodgman Powel, 1889-1974","Billups, Mary Govan, 1874-1971","Van Deventer, Mary Finley","Miller, Johnnie J.","Guy, Frances Claiborne, 1921-2016","Tucker, Bennett","Neitzey, Albert","Embrey, Ernest","Bermingham, Philip","Williams, Priscilla de Forest","Emison, Nancy","Bennett, Jamie Armstrong, 1881-1963","Whitmore, Richard","Leach, Peter","Lewis, Taylor","Pringle, Elizabeth W. Allston (Elizabeth Waties Allston), 1845-1921","Connolly, Harry, 1952-","Maus, Carol","Pogue, Dennis, J.","Finley, Russ","Sommerfield, William","Seamans, Eugenia Merrill, 1922-2010","Hutchinson, A.","Tracy, Sarah, 1820-1896","Castellani, John A., 1944-1993","Adair, William","Le Francois, Marc","Gulezian, Mark","Gorham, Anne Huber","Conroy, Carter Harrison [Hal]","Stallsworth, Lee","Peters, Karen V.","Owen, Edward","Dillon, Luke C., 1836-1904","Geiger, William","Pickens, Lucy Petaway Holcombe","Denham, Mary Simkins, 1868-1950","Hale, Sarah King, 1798-1865","Craik, James, 1730-1814","Lewis, Eleanor Parke Custis, 1779-1852","Washington, George, 1732-1799","Van Antwerp, Jane Yates, 1815-1870","Morse, Margaretta Wederstrandt, 1816-1893","Le Vert, Octavia Walton, 1810-1877","Farnsworth, Hannah Blake, 1802-1879","McWillie, Catherine Anderson, 1812-1873","Fogg, Francis B., Mrs., 1800-1872","Jeffrey, Rosa Vertner, 1828-1894","Chace, Abby Wheaton Pearce","Walton, Elizabeth McKnight Tilden","Mitchell, Martha Reed, 1818-1902","Comegys, Margaret Douglass, 1816-1888","Pendleton, Mary Alicia Key, 1824-1886","Murat, Catherine Willis, 1803-1867","Dickinson, Alice London, 1814-1881","Schuyler, Mary Morris Hamilton, 1818-1877","Little, Abba Isabella Chamberlain, 1816-1893","Ritchie, Anna Cora Mowatt, 1819-1870","Eve, Philoclea Edgeworth Casey, 1813-1889","Everett, Edward, 1794-1865","Petigru, James Louis, 1789-1863","Laughton, Lily Macalester Berghmans, 1832-1891","Hollingsworth, John McHenry, 1823-1889","Lossing, Benson John, 1813-1891","Law, Elizabeth Parke Custis, 1776-1831","Washington, Martha, 1731-1802","Holland, William, 1887-1968","Curtice, Carroll","Young, Arthur, 1741-1820","Fisher, S. R.  (Samuel Ritter), 1834-1908","Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Fredericks, Harold J.","Simms, Sherman","Beirne, Rosamond Randall, 1894-1969","Ball, Emma R., 1838-1918","Richardson, Ida Ann Slocomb, 1830-1910","Whelan, Franklin A.","Lafayette, Marie Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert Du Motier, marquis de, 1757-1834","Sargent, Charles Sprague, 1841-1927","Okamoto, Yoichi R. (Yoichi Robert), 1915-1985","Symmes, Harrison M., 1921-2010","Olmsted, A. J.","Harris \u0026 Ewing","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Mount Vernon Black and White Film Collection, 1933/2005"],"collection_ssim":["Mount Vernon Black and White Film Collection, 1933/2005"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["BW","/repositories/4/resources/60"],"unitid_tesim":["BW","/repositories/4/resources/60"],"repository_ssm":["The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon"],"repository_ssim":["The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon"],"creator_ssm":["Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union"],"creator_ssim":["Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","Morse, Frank","Fisher, Robert B.","Crandell, Dwight S.","Marler, Howard B.","Boyle, Bonnie","Vaughan, Ted","Abbott, Harold T.","Killam, Charles W.","Grimsley, Norman, 1890-1976","Petitt, Arthur","Dodge, Harrison Howell, 1852-1937","Woodbury, Charlotte, 1873-1966","Brown, Caroline Hinman Clement","Jennings, Annie Burr, 1855-1939","Warren, Romayne Latta, 1877-1968","Foster, Victorine Du Pont, 1849-1934","Hanks, Mary Esther Vilas, 1873-1959","Failing, Mary Forbush, 1862-1947","Quander, Thomas H.","Duvall, James Garfield (Jesse)","Permar, William Jones, 1856-1940","Rouse, James B., 1896-1946","Rouse, William L.","Thomas, O. J. \"Buck\" (Oswald)","Rouse, Harrison Dodge","Maxey, Mary Frances Campbell","Damtew, Desta, Ras, 1892-1937","Roosevelt, Eleanor, 1884-1962","Thayer, Pauline Revere, 1862-1934","Young , James","Washington, Julian H., 1894-1953","Comegys, Harriet Clayton, 1840-1927","Archer, James R.","Leet Bros.","Enersen, Lawrence","Cunningham, Ann Pamela, 1816-1875","Neitzey, Wilfred Henry, 1895-1988","Miller, George W. (Willie)","Lacey, Fred","Simms, Walter","Ayres, Tom","Collins, Howard","Rogers, Manuel","McCalley, Charles","Deavers, Linton, 1906-1968","Costello, Ernest","Ford, George F., 1859-1935","Stirl, George S.","Richards, Alice Haliburton King, 1860-1936","Peery, George Campbell, 1873-1952","Peery, Nancy Gillespie, 1882-1963","Call, Norman, 1880-1959","Page, Roswell, 1858-1939","Smoot, William Albert, 2nd, 1878-1941","Lehman, Harry","Doughton, Page","Taylor, Roy","Webster, John Wallace","Mott, Agnes Peter, 1880-1957","Price, James H.  (James Hubert), 1878-1943","George VI, King of Great Britain, 1895-1952","Elizabeth, Queen, consort of George VI, King of Great Britain, 1900-2002","Towner, Harriet C. (Harriet Cole), 1869-1942","Reith, Alexander","Teller, Albert","Murdock, John Robert, 1885-1972","Johnston, Frances Benjamin, 1864-1952","Bourbon-Parma, Félix Marie Vincent de (Vollstaendiger Name), 1893-1970","Davies, Joseph Edward, 1876-1958","Woltz, Lewis P.","Juliana, Queen of the Netherlands, 1909-2004","Macomber, Walter","Rowe, Abbie, 1905-1967","Chamberlain, Samuel V., 1895-1975","Hatch","Dunlop, James R.","Chatterton, John C.","Bailey, Worth, 1908-1980","Washington, Eleanor Love Selden, 1824-1860","Miller, Walter","Loeb, Morris, 1878-1969","Washington, Ella Bassett, 1834-1898","Anderson, Anne Page Wilder, 1873-1956","Holden, Polly Bullard, 1906-2004","Barnes, Mary Fauntleroy, 1824-1912","Skutans, Albert","Greenough, Louisa Ingersoll, 1813-1891","Lamb, William Harrison","Johnston, Elizabeth Johnston Evans, 1851-1934","Longfellow, Alice M. (Alice Mary), 1850-1928","Harkness, Hope Hodgman Powel, 1889-1974","Billups, Mary Govan, 1874-1971","Van Deventer, Mary Finley","Miller, Johnnie J.","Guy, Frances Claiborne, 1921-2016","Tucker, Bennett","Neitzey, Albert","Embrey, Ernest","Bermingham, Philip","Williams, Priscilla de Forest","Emison, Nancy","Bennett, Jamie Armstrong, 1881-1963","Whitmore, Richard","Leach, Peter","Lewis, Taylor","Pringle, Elizabeth W. Allston (Elizabeth Waties Allston), 1845-1921","Connolly, Harry, 1952-","Maus, Carol","Pogue, Dennis, J.","Finley, Russ","Sommerfield, William","Seamans, Eugenia Merrill, 1922-2010","Hutchinson, A.","Tracy, Sarah, 1820-1896","Castellani, John A., 1944-1993","Adair, William","Le Francois, Marc","Gulezian, Mark","Gorham, Anne Huber","Conroy, Carter Harrison [Hal]","Stallsworth, Lee","Peters, Karen V.","Owen, Edward","Dillon, Luke C., 1836-1904","Geiger, William","Pickens, Lucy Petaway Holcombe","Denham, Mary Simkins, 1868-1950","Hale, Sarah King, 1798-1865","Craik, James, 1730-1814","Lewis, Eleanor Parke Custis, 1779-1852","Washington, George, 1732-1799","Van Antwerp, Jane Yates, 1815-1870","Morse, Margaretta Wederstrandt, 1816-1893","Le Vert, Octavia Walton, 1810-1877","Farnsworth, Hannah Blake, 1802-1879","McWillie, Catherine Anderson, 1812-1873","Fogg, Francis B., Mrs., 1800-1872","Jeffrey, Rosa Vertner, 1828-1894","Chace, Abby Wheaton Pearce","Walton, Elizabeth McKnight Tilden","Mitchell, Martha Reed, 1818-1902","Comegys, Margaret Douglass, 1816-1888","Pendleton, Mary Alicia Key, 1824-1886","Murat, Catherine Willis, 1803-1867","Dickinson, Alice London, 1814-1881","Schuyler, Mary Morris Hamilton, 1818-1877","Little, Abba Isabella Chamberlain, 1816-1893","Ritchie, Anna Cora Mowatt, 1819-1870","Eve, Philoclea Edgeworth Casey, 1813-1889","Everett, Edward, 1794-1865","Petigru, James Louis, 1789-1863","Laughton, Lily Macalester Berghmans, 1832-1891","Hollingsworth, John McHenry, 1823-1889","Lossing, Benson John, 1813-1891","Law, Elizabeth Parke Custis, 1776-1831","Washington, Martha, 1731-1802","Holland, William, 1887-1968","Curtice, Carroll","Young, Arthur, 1741-1820","Fisher, S. R.  (Samuel Ritter), 1834-1908","Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Fredericks, Harold J.","Simms, Sherman","Beirne, Rosamond Randall, 1894-1969","Ball, Emma R., 1838-1918","Richardson, Ida Ann Slocomb, 1830-1910","Whelan, Franklin A.","Lafayette, Marie Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert Du Motier, marquis de, 1757-1834","Sargent, Charles Sprague, 1841-1927","Okamoto, Yoichi R. (Yoichi Robert), 1915-1985","Symmes, Harrison M., 1921-2010","Olmsted, A. J.","Harris \u0026 Ewing"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Photo Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union","Capitol Photo","Davis, Wick, Rosengarten Company, Inc.","National Geographic Society (U.S.)","Micro-Master","Judd \u0026 Detweiler","Henry's Camera Center","Cooper Trent","Detroit Publishing Co.","MFM Design","Northeast Document Conservation Center (NEDCC)","Tisara Studio (Alexandria, VA)","United States Information Agency","International News Photos (New York, N.Y.)"],"creators_ssim":["Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","Morse, Frank","Fisher, Robert B.","Crandell, Dwight S.","Marler, Howard B.","Boyle, Bonnie","Vaughan, Ted","Abbott, Harold T.","Killam, Charles W.","Grimsley, Norman, 1890-1976","Petitt, Arthur","Dodge, Harrison Howell, 1852-1937","Woodbury, Charlotte, 1873-1966","Brown, Caroline Hinman Clement","Jennings, Annie Burr, 1855-1939","Warren, Romayne Latta, 1877-1968","Foster, Victorine Du Pont, 1849-1934","Hanks, Mary Esther Vilas, 1873-1959","Failing, Mary Forbush, 1862-1947","Quander, Thomas H.","Duvall, James Garfield (Jesse)","Permar, William Jones, 1856-1940","Rouse, James B., 1896-1946","Rouse, William L.","Thomas, O. J. \"Buck\" (Oswald)","Rouse, Harrison Dodge","Maxey, Mary Frances Campbell","Damtew, Desta, Ras, 1892-1937","Roosevelt, Eleanor, 1884-1962","Thayer, Pauline Revere, 1862-1934","Young , James","Washington, Julian H., 1894-1953","Comegys, Harriet Clayton, 1840-1927","Archer, James R.","Leet Bros.","Enersen, Lawrence","Cunningham, Ann Pamela, 1816-1875","Neitzey, Wilfred Henry, 1895-1988","Miller, George W. (Willie)","Lacey, Fred","Simms, Walter","Ayres, Tom","Collins, Howard","Rogers, Manuel","McCalley, Charles","Deavers, Linton, 1906-1968","Costello, Ernest","Ford, George F., 1859-1935","Stirl, George S.","Richards, Alice Haliburton King, 1860-1936","Peery, George Campbell, 1873-1952","Peery, Nancy Gillespie, 1882-1963","Call, Norman, 1880-1959","Page, Roswell, 1858-1939","Smoot, William Albert, 2nd, 1878-1941","Lehman, Harry","Doughton, Page","Taylor, Roy","Webster, John Wallace","Mott, Agnes Peter, 1880-1957","Price, James H.  (James Hubert), 1878-1943","George VI, King of Great Britain, 1895-1952","Elizabeth, Queen, consort of George VI, King of Great Britain, 1900-2002","Towner, Harriet C. (Harriet Cole), 1869-1942","Reith, Alexander","Teller, Albert","Murdock, John Robert, 1885-1972","Johnston, Frances Benjamin, 1864-1952","Bourbon-Parma, Félix Marie Vincent de (Vollstaendiger Name), 1893-1970","Davies, Joseph Edward, 1876-1958","Woltz, Lewis P.","Juliana, Queen of the Netherlands, 1909-2004","Macomber, Walter","Rowe, Abbie, 1905-1967","Chamberlain, Samuel V., 1895-1975","Hatch","Dunlop, James R.","Chatterton, John C.","Bailey, Worth, 1908-1980","Washington, Eleanor Love Selden, 1824-1860","Miller, Walter","Loeb, Morris, 1878-1969","Washington, Ella Bassett, 1834-1898","Anderson, Anne Page Wilder, 1873-1956","Holden, Polly Bullard, 1906-2004","Barnes, Mary Fauntleroy, 1824-1912","Skutans, Albert","Greenough, Louisa Ingersoll, 1813-1891","Lamb, William Harrison","Johnston, Elizabeth Johnston Evans, 1851-1934","Longfellow, Alice M. (Alice Mary), 1850-1928","Harkness, Hope Hodgman Powel, 1889-1974","Billups, Mary Govan, 1874-1971","Van Deventer, Mary Finley","Miller, Johnnie J.","Guy, Frances Claiborne, 1921-2016","Tucker, Bennett","Neitzey, Albert","Embrey, Ernest","Bermingham, Philip","Williams, Priscilla de Forest","Emison, Nancy","Bennett, Jamie Armstrong, 1881-1963","Whitmore, Richard","Leach, Peter","Lewis, Taylor","Pringle, Elizabeth W. Allston (Elizabeth Waties Allston), 1845-1921","Connolly, Harry, 1952-","Maus, Carol","Pogue, Dennis, J.","Finley, Russ","Sommerfield, William","Seamans, Eugenia Merrill, 1922-2010","Hutchinson, A.","Tracy, Sarah, 1820-1896","Castellani, John A., 1944-1993","Adair, William","Le Francois, Marc","Gulezian, Mark","Gorham, Anne Huber","Conroy, Carter Harrison [Hal]","Stallsworth, Lee","Peters, Karen V.","Owen, Edward","Dillon, Luke C., 1836-1904","Geiger, William","Pickens, Lucy Petaway Holcombe","Denham, Mary Simkins, 1868-1950","Hale, Sarah King, 1798-1865","Craik, James, 1730-1814","Lewis, Eleanor Parke Custis, 1779-1852","Washington, George, 1732-1799","Van Antwerp, Jane Yates, 1815-1870","Morse, Margaretta Wederstrandt, 1816-1893","Le Vert, Octavia Walton, 1810-1877","Farnsworth, Hannah Blake, 1802-1879","McWillie, Catherine Anderson, 1812-1873","Fogg, Francis B., Mrs., 1800-1872","Jeffrey, Rosa Vertner, 1828-1894","Chace, Abby Wheaton Pearce","Walton, Elizabeth McKnight Tilden","Mitchell, Martha Reed, 1818-1902","Comegys, Margaret Douglass, 1816-1888","Pendleton, Mary Alicia Key, 1824-1886","Murat, Catherine Willis, 1803-1867","Dickinson, Alice London, 1814-1881","Schuyler, Mary Morris Hamilton, 1818-1877","Little, Abba Isabella Chamberlain, 1816-1893","Ritchie, Anna Cora Mowatt, 1819-1870","Eve, Philoclea Edgeworth Casey, 1813-1889","Everett, Edward, 1794-1865","Petigru, James Louis, 1789-1863","Laughton, Lily Macalester Berghmans, 1832-1891","Hollingsworth, John McHenry, 1823-1889","Lossing, Benson John, 1813-1891","Law, Elizabeth Parke Custis, 1776-1831","Washington, Martha, 1731-1802","Holland, William, 1887-1968","Curtice, Carroll","Young, Arthur, 1741-1820","Fisher, S. R.  (Samuel Ritter), 1834-1908","Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Fredericks, Harold J.","Simms, Sherman","Beirne, Rosamond Randall, 1894-1969","Ball, Emma R., 1838-1918","Richardson, Ida Ann Slocomb, 1830-1910","Whelan, Franklin A.","Lafayette, Marie Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert Du Motier, marquis de, 1757-1834","Sargent, Charles Sprague, 1841-1927","Okamoto, Yoichi R. (Yoichi Robert), 1915-1985","Symmes, Harrison M., 1921-2010","Olmsted, A. J.","Harris \u0026 Ewing","Photo Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union","Capitol Photo","Davis, Wick, Rosengarten Company, Inc.","National Geographic Society (U.S.)","Micro-Master","Judd \u0026 Detweiler","Henry's Camera Center","Cooper Trent","Detroit Publishing Co.","MFM Design","Northeast Document Conservation Center (NEDCC)","Tisara Studio (Alexandria, VA)","United States Information Agency","International News Photos (New York, N.Y.)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["30 Linear Feet Variety of container sizes based on film negative sizes and types.","5 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["30 Linear Feet Variety of container sizes based on film negative sizes and types.","5 Linear Feet"],"physfacet_tesim":["Unprocessed material"],"date_range_isim":[1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. The library reserves the right to restrict access to certain items for preservation purposes.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. The library reserves the right to restrict access to certain items for preservation purposes."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Mount Vernon Black and White Film Collection is an internal collection primarily organized in chronological order. Items are assigned an identification number based on the time the film material enters the collection. The physical arrangement is organized by material size and format.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Mount Vernon Black and White Film Collection is an internal collection primarily organized in chronological order. Items are assigned an identification number based on the time the film material enters the collection. The physical arrangement is organized by material size and format."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eItems in this collection were either created by or under contract by the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association. Materials are added to the collection as they are created or processed. For additional information please contact the Manager of Visual Resources.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["Items in this collection were either created by or under contract by the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association. Materials are added to the collection as they are created or processed. For additional information please contact the Manager of Visual Resources."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Name and date of item], Historical Photograph Collection, [Folder], Photo Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, The George Washington Presidential Library [hereafter Washington Library], Mount Vernon, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Name and date of item], Historical Photograph Collection, [Folder], Photo Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, The George Washington Presidential Library [hereafter Washington Library], Mount Vernon, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Historical Photograph Collection is largely comprised of materials created by or for the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association. Photographers primarily include staff members and contract photographers. The collection spans the 1930s to the 2000s and includes analog material made up of a variety of sizes of film negatives providing a visual history of the Mansion, outbuildings, tombs, grounds, events, visitors, collection objects, personnel, restoration, and changes throughout the estate.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Historical Photograph Collection is largely comprised of materials created by or for the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association. Photographers primarily include staff members and contract photographers. The collection spans the 1930s to the 2000s and includes analog material made up of a variety of sizes of film negatives providing a visual history of the Mansion, outbuildings, tombs, grounds, events, visitors, collection objects, personnel, restoration, and changes throughout the estate."],"corpname_ssim":["Photo Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union","Capitol Photo","Davis, Wick, Rosengarten Company, Inc.","National Geographic Society (U.S.)","Micro-Master","Judd \u0026 Detweiler","Henry's Camera Center","Cooper Trent","Detroit Publishing Co.","MFM Design","Northeast Document Conservation Center (NEDCC)","Tisara Studio (Alexandria, VA)","United States Information Agency","International News Photos (New York, N.Y.)"],"persname_ssim":["Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","Morse, Frank","Fisher, Robert B.","Crandell, Dwight S.","Marler, Howard B.","Boyle, Bonnie","Vaughan, Ted","Abbott, Harold T.","Killam, Charles W.","Grimsley, Norman, 1890-1976","Petitt, Arthur","Dodge, Harrison Howell, 1852-1937","Woodbury, Charlotte, 1873-1966","Brown, Caroline Hinman Clement","Jennings, Annie Burr, 1855-1939","Warren, Romayne Latta, 1877-1968","Foster, Victorine Du Pont, 1849-1934","Hanks, Mary Esther Vilas, 1873-1959","Failing, Mary Forbush, 1862-1947","Quander, Thomas H.","Duvall, James Garfield (Jesse)","Permar, William Jones, 1856-1940","Rouse, James B., 1896-1946","Rouse, William L.","Thomas, O. J. \"Buck\" (Oswald)","Rouse, Harrison Dodge","Maxey, Mary Frances Campbell","Damtew, Desta, Ras, 1892-1937","Roosevelt, Eleanor, 1884-1962","Thayer, Pauline Revere, 1862-1934","Young , James","Washington, Julian H., 1894-1953","Comegys, Harriet Clayton, 1840-1927","Archer, James R.","Leet Bros.","Enersen, Lawrence","Cunningham, Ann Pamela, 1816-1875","Neitzey, Wilfred Henry, 1895-1988","Miller, George W. (Willie)","Lacey, Fred","Simms, Walter","Ayres, Tom","Collins, Howard","Rogers, Manuel","McCalley, Charles","Deavers, Linton, 1906-1968","Costello, Ernest","Ford, George F., 1859-1935","Stirl, George S.","Richards, Alice Haliburton King, 1860-1936","Peery, George Campbell, 1873-1952","Peery, Nancy Gillespie, 1882-1963","Call, Norman, 1880-1959","Page, Roswell, 1858-1939","Smoot, William Albert, 2nd, 1878-1941","Lehman, Harry","Doughton, Page","Taylor, Roy","Webster, John Wallace","Mott, Agnes Peter, 1880-1957","Price, James H.  (James Hubert), 1878-1943","George VI, King of Great Britain, 1895-1952","Elizabeth, Queen, consort of George VI, King of Great Britain, 1900-2002","Towner, Harriet C. (Harriet Cole), 1869-1942","Reith, Alexander","Teller, Albert","Murdock, John Robert, 1885-1972","Johnston, Frances Benjamin, 1864-1952","Bourbon-Parma, Félix Marie Vincent de (Vollstaendiger Name), 1893-1970","Davies, Joseph Edward, 1876-1958","Woltz, Lewis P.","Juliana, Queen of the Netherlands, 1909-2004","Macomber, Walter","Rowe, Abbie, 1905-1967","Chamberlain, Samuel V., 1895-1975","Hatch","Dunlop, James R.","Chatterton, John C.","Bailey, Worth, 1908-1980","Washington, Eleanor Love Selden, 1824-1860","Miller, Walter","Loeb, Morris, 1878-1969","Washington, Ella Bassett, 1834-1898","Anderson, Anne Page Wilder, 1873-1956","Holden, Polly Bullard, 1906-2004","Barnes, Mary Fauntleroy, 1824-1912","Skutans, Albert","Greenough, Louisa Ingersoll, 1813-1891","Lamb, William Harrison","Johnston, Elizabeth Johnston Evans, 1851-1934","Longfellow, Alice M. (Alice Mary), 1850-1928","Harkness, Hope Hodgman Powel, 1889-1974","Billups, Mary Govan, 1874-1971","Van Deventer, Mary Finley","Miller, Johnnie J.","Guy, Frances Claiborne, 1921-2016","Tucker, Bennett","Neitzey, Albert","Embrey, Ernest","Bermingham, Philip","Williams, Priscilla de Forest","Emison, Nancy","Bennett, Jamie Armstrong, 1881-1963","Whitmore, Richard","Leach, Peter","Lewis, Taylor","Pringle, Elizabeth W. Allston (Elizabeth Waties Allston), 1845-1921","Connolly, Harry, 1952-","Maus, Carol","Pogue, Dennis, J.","Finley, Russ","Sommerfield, William","Seamans, Eugenia Merrill, 1922-2010","Hutchinson, A.","Tracy, Sarah, 1820-1896","Castellani, John A., 1944-1993","Adair, William","Le Francois, Marc","Gulezian, Mark","Gorham, Anne Huber","Conroy, Carter Harrison [Hal]","Stallsworth, Lee","Peters, Karen V.","Owen, Edward","Dillon, Luke C., 1836-1904","Geiger, William","Pickens, Lucy Petaway Holcombe","Denham, Mary Simkins, 1868-1950","Hale, Sarah King, 1798-1865","Craik, James, 1730-1814","Lewis, Eleanor Parke Custis, 1779-1852","Washington, George, 1732-1799","Van Antwerp, Jane Yates, 1815-1870","Morse, Margaretta Wederstrandt, 1816-1893","Le Vert, Octavia Walton, 1810-1877","Farnsworth, Hannah Blake, 1802-1879","McWillie, Catherine Anderson, 1812-1873","Fogg, Francis B., Mrs., 1800-1872","Jeffrey, Rosa Vertner, 1828-1894","Chace, Abby Wheaton Pearce","Walton, Elizabeth McKnight Tilden","Mitchell, Martha Reed, 1818-1902","Comegys, Margaret Douglass, 1816-1888","Pendleton, Mary Alicia Key, 1824-1886","Murat, Catherine Willis, 1803-1867","Dickinson, Alice London, 1814-1881","Schuyler, Mary Morris Hamilton, 1818-1877","Little, Abba Isabella Chamberlain, 1816-1893","Ritchie, Anna Cora Mowatt, 1819-1870","Eve, Philoclea Edgeworth Casey, 1813-1889","Everett, Edward, 1794-1865","Petigru, James Louis, 1789-1863","Laughton, Lily Macalester Berghmans, 1832-1891","Hollingsworth, John McHenry, 1823-1889","Lossing, Benson John, 1813-1891","Law, Elizabeth Parke Custis, 1776-1831","Washington, Martha, 1731-1802","Holland, William, 1887-1968","Curtice, Carroll","Young, Arthur, 1741-1820","Fisher, S. R.  (Samuel Ritter), 1834-1908","Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Fredericks, Harold J.","Simms, Sherman","Beirne, Rosamond Randall, 1894-1969","Ball, Emma R., 1838-1918","Richardson, Ida Ann Slocomb, 1830-1910","Whelan, Franklin A.","Lafayette, Marie Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert Du Motier, marquis de, 1757-1834","Sargent, Charles Sprague, 1841-1927","Okamoto, Yoichi R. (Yoichi Robert), 1915-1985","Symmes, Harrison M., 1921-2010","Olmsted, A. J.","Harris \u0026 Ewing"],"names_ssim":["Photo Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union","Capitol Photo","Davis, Wick, Rosengarten Company, Inc.","National Geographic Society (U.S.)","Micro-Master","Judd \u0026 Detweiler","Henry's Camera Center","Cooper Trent","Detroit Publishing Co.","MFM Design","Northeast Document Conservation Center (NEDCC)","Tisara Studio (Alexandria, VA)","United States Information Agency","International News Photos (New York, N.Y.)","Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","Morse, Frank","Fisher, Robert B.","Crandell, Dwight S.","Marler, Howard B.","Boyle, Bonnie","Vaughan, Ted","Abbott, Harold T.","Killam, Charles W.","Grimsley, Norman, 1890-1976","Petitt, Arthur","Dodge, Harrison Howell, 1852-1937","Woodbury, Charlotte, 1873-1966","Brown, Caroline Hinman Clement","Jennings, Annie Burr, 1855-1939","Warren, Romayne Latta, 1877-1968","Foster, Victorine Du Pont, 1849-1934","Hanks, Mary Esther Vilas, 1873-1959","Failing, Mary Forbush, 1862-1947","Quander, Thomas H.","Duvall, James Garfield (Jesse)","Permar, William Jones, 1856-1940","Rouse, James B., 1896-1946","Rouse, William L.","Thomas, O. J. \"Buck\" (Oswald)","Rouse, Harrison Dodge","Maxey, Mary Frances Campbell","Damtew, Desta, Ras, 1892-1937","Roosevelt, Eleanor, 1884-1962","Thayer, Pauline Revere, 1862-1934","Young , James","Washington, Julian H., 1894-1953","Comegys, Harriet Clayton, 1840-1927","Archer, James R.","Leet Bros.","Enersen, Lawrence","Cunningham, Ann Pamela, 1816-1875","Neitzey, Wilfred Henry, 1895-1988","Miller, George W. (Willie)","Lacey, Fred","Simms, Walter","Ayres, Tom","Collins, Howard","Rogers, Manuel","McCalley, Charles","Deavers, Linton, 1906-1968","Costello, Ernest","Ford, George F., 1859-1935","Stirl, George S.","Richards, Alice Haliburton King, 1860-1936","Peery, George Campbell, 1873-1952","Peery, Nancy Gillespie, 1882-1963","Call, Norman, 1880-1959","Page, Roswell, 1858-1939","Smoot, William Albert, 2nd, 1878-1941","Lehman, Harry","Doughton, Page","Taylor, Roy","Webster, John Wallace","Mott, Agnes Peter, 1880-1957","Price, James H.  (James Hubert), 1878-1943","George VI, King of Great Britain, 1895-1952","Elizabeth, Queen, consort of George VI, King of Great Britain, 1900-2002","Towner, Harriet C. (Harriet Cole), 1869-1942","Reith, Alexander","Teller, Albert","Murdock, John Robert, 1885-1972","Johnston, Frances Benjamin, 1864-1952","Bourbon-Parma, Félix Marie Vincent de (Vollstaendiger Name), 1893-1970","Davies, Joseph Edward, 1876-1958","Woltz, Lewis P.","Juliana, Queen of the Netherlands, 1909-2004","Macomber, Walter","Rowe, Abbie, 1905-1967","Chamberlain, Samuel V., 1895-1975","Hatch","Dunlop, James R.","Chatterton, John C.","Bailey, Worth, 1908-1980","Washington, Eleanor Love Selden, 1824-1860","Miller, Walter","Loeb, Morris, 1878-1969","Washington, Ella Bassett, 1834-1898","Anderson, Anne Page Wilder, 1873-1956","Holden, Polly Bullard, 1906-2004","Barnes, Mary Fauntleroy, 1824-1912","Skutans, Albert","Greenough, Louisa Ingersoll, 1813-1891","Lamb, William Harrison","Johnston, Elizabeth Johnston Evans, 1851-1934","Longfellow, Alice M. (Alice Mary), 1850-1928","Harkness, Hope Hodgman Powel, 1889-1974","Billups, Mary Govan, 1874-1971","Van Deventer, Mary Finley","Miller, Johnnie J.","Guy, Frances Claiborne, 1921-2016","Tucker, Bennett","Neitzey, Albert","Embrey, Ernest","Bermingham, Philip","Williams, Priscilla de Forest","Emison, Nancy","Bennett, Jamie Armstrong, 1881-1963","Whitmore, Richard","Leach, Peter","Lewis, Taylor","Pringle, Elizabeth W. Allston (Elizabeth Waties Allston), 1845-1921","Connolly, Harry, 1952-","Maus, Carol","Pogue, Dennis, J.","Finley, Russ","Sommerfield, William","Seamans, Eugenia Merrill, 1922-2010","Hutchinson, A.","Tracy, Sarah, 1820-1896","Castellani, John A., 1944-1993","Adair, William","Le Francois, Marc","Gulezian, Mark","Gorham, Anne Huber","Conroy, Carter Harrison [Hal]","Stallsworth, Lee","Peters, Karen V.","Owen, Edward","Dillon, Luke C., 1836-1904","Geiger, William","Pickens, Lucy Petaway Holcombe","Denham, Mary Simkins, 1868-1950","Hale, Sarah King, 1798-1865","Craik, James, 1730-1814","Lewis, Eleanor Parke Custis, 1779-1852","Washington, George, 1732-1799","Van Antwerp, Jane Yates, 1815-1870","Morse, Margaretta Wederstrandt, 1816-1893","Le Vert, Octavia Walton, 1810-1877","Farnsworth, Hannah Blake, 1802-1879","McWillie, Catherine Anderson, 1812-1873","Fogg, Francis B., Mrs., 1800-1872","Jeffrey, Rosa Vertner, 1828-1894","Chace, Abby Wheaton Pearce","Walton, Elizabeth McKnight Tilden","Mitchell, Martha Reed, 1818-1902","Comegys, Margaret Douglass, 1816-1888","Pendleton, Mary Alicia Key, 1824-1886","Murat, Catherine Willis, 1803-1867","Dickinson, Alice London, 1814-1881","Schuyler, Mary Morris Hamilton, 1818-1877","Little, Abba Isabella Chamberlain, 1816-1893","Ritchie, Anna Cora Mowatt, 1819-1870","Eve, Philoclea Edgeworth Casey, 1813-1889","Everett, Edward, 1794-1865","Petigru, James Louis, 1789-1863","Laughton, Lily Macalester Berghmans, 1832-1891","Hollingsworth, John McHenry, 1823-1889","Lossing, Benson John, 1813-1891","Law, Elizabeth Parke Custis, 1776-1831","Washington, Martha, 1731-1802","Holland, William, 1887-1968","Curtice, Carroll","Young, Arthur, 1741-1820","Fisher, S. R.  (Samuel Ritter), 1834-1908","Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Fredericks, Harold J.","Simms, Sherman","Beirne, Rosamond Randall, 1894-1969","Ball, Emma R., 1838-1918","Richardson, Ida Ann Slocomb, 1830-1910","Whelan, Franklin A.","Lafayette, Marie Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert Du Motier, marquis de, 1757-1834","Sargent, Charles Sprague, 1841-1927","Okamoto, Yoichi R. (Yoichi Robert), 1915-1985","Symmes, Harrison M., 1921-2010","Olmsted, A. J.","Harris \u0026 Ewing"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":6660,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:25:17.201Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vimtvl_repositories_4_resources_60"}},{"id":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_45","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Papers of the Superintendent and Resident Director, 1850/1996","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_45#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_45#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection combines the papers and files of each Superintendent or Resident Director listed under \"Creators,\" as well as their office staff, assistants, and other Mount Vernon personnel. The bulk of this collection consists of correspondence to and from each Superintendent or Resident Director. Other types of material include reports, essays, memos, publications, clippings, official forms, logs or diaries of events, calendars, schedules, photographs, and ephemera. Subject matter includes a wide variety of topics and concerns for operating and maintaining an historic house. The Resident Directors oversaw almost all major projects and events around Mount Vernon such as building and grounds maintenance, restoration, fundraising, collection of historic artifacts, visitor engagement, and administrative functions. Dodge and Wall were both well known for their involvement in even the smallest details of the operation of Mount Vernon and this is reflected in the volume and scope of their files. Later Resident Directors began keeping chronological files which are also a great resource for understanding projects from specific years and periods of Mount Vernon's history. Both Charles Wall and John Castellani were employees of Mount Vernon before they were appointed Resident Director, and their files include material from previous job assignments. The majority of material reflects Charles Wall's tenure as Resident Director, the 1930s to 1970s, however, there is a substantial amount from the other directors as well. Several folders may extend into the term of James (Jim) Rees who served as Resident Director (later President) of Mount Vernon from 1994 to 2012. Most of the letters written by Superintendent Harrison Dodge were laminated or adhered to a tissue or paper backing, and bound together into a multiple volume set. These bound volumes, along with the original work diaries kept by Dodge, have been combined into a separate collection, the Bound Volumes of Superintendent's Letters, Diaries, and Monthly Reports. A finding aid for this collection is also available.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_45#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_45","ead_ssi":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_45","_root_":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_45","_nest_parent_":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_45","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/MV/repositories_2_resources_45.xml","title_ssm":["Papers of the Superintendent and Resident Director"],"title_tesim":["Papers of the Superintendent and Resident Director"],"unitdate_ssm":["1850-1996"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1850-1996"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1850/1996"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Papers of the Superintendent and Resident Director, 1850/1996"],"text":["Papers of the Superintendent and Resident Director, 1850/1996","A.SRD","/repositories/2/resources/45","This collection is open to research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. According to the policies of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, certain records in the archives may only be available for research 30 years after creation or file date. The library reserves the right to restrict access to items for preservation purposes.","This collection has been divided into 8 series. The first two series contain administrative and subject files that overlap through the terms of multiple Superintendents or Resident Directors. The next six series are in chronological order by service and are named for the corresponding man. Photographs and oversize material are filed at the end of the collection.","List of Series:\nSeries 1. Administrative Files\nSeries 2. Subject Files\nSeries 3. Harrison H. Dodge \nSeries 4. Charles C. Wall\nSeries 5. Harrison Symmes\nSeries 6. John A. Castellani\nSeries 7. John E. Harbour\nSeries 8. Neil W. Horstman","The position of Superintendent of Mount Vernon, also called \"Secretary\" in the earlier years of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, was created in 1860 when Colonel Upton Herbert was hired. A veteran of the Mexican War, Herbert was recommended by John Augustine Washington III as being especially suited to assisting the MVLA. Mr. Herbert and Sarah Tracy, Secretary to Ann Pamela Cunningham, were largely responsible for the care and maintenance of Mount Vernon during the Civil War when the Regent and most Vice Regents were unable to travel to the estate. When hiring a new Superintendent, J. McHenry Hollingsworth in 1872, the Council explained the responsibilities of the Superintendent more thoroughly saying he \"should act as general manager of the estate; that one of the most important features in the general instructions to be given him shall be, that he shall at all times consider the dignity and comfort of the Regent; that he shall always bear in mind the deep obligations of the Association to her; and that he has been appointed for the purpose of relieving her of the very arduous duties that are so oppressive to her; that he shall keep the accounts of expenditures and receipts, which are to be at all times open to the inspection of the Regent, Vice Regents, and Advisory Committee, with whom, in all matters of perplexity, he shall consult, and be guided by their decisions.\" His salary was to be $1500 per year.","After discovering decay in the foundations of the Mansion in 1885, the Vice Regents suspected negligence on the part of Hollingsworth. The Vice Regent from Georgia, Mrs. Eve questioned, \"Would it be too much to say that the first and greatest duty of the Superintendent is the preservation of the Mansion?\" The Council went on to pass a resolution stating that the duty of the Superintendent is to examine all parts of the Mansion and report defects to the Regent, and concluded that he should \"not at any time be ignorant of the state of the mansion.\" Harrison H. Dodge was hired later that year and remains the longest serving Superintendent (or equivalent) of Mount Vernon at 52 years. Mr. Dodge's priority was cleaning, restoring, and preserving the house and grounds. He was also particularly interested in fire safety, advocating for the installation of electricity in the Mansion to prevent any accidents from candlelight or kerosene lamps.","After Dodge's death in 1937, his assistant Charles C. Wall became the new Superintendent and later changed the position's title to Resident Director. Wall described the Superintendent's job in a book he coauthored with Gerald W. Johnson entitled Mount Vernon: The Story of a Shrine, saying the position required someone \"not exactly a farmer, yet a man acquainted with soils, seasons, and the proper handling of growing plants.\" He went on to say the director should have traits of a theatrical producer, an accountant, an antiquarian, a historian, and an ambassador, with some knowledge of engineering, carpentry, masonry, and domestic service. Wall also spent almost his entire career at Mount Vernon, retiring in 1976 after 43 years of employment at Mount Vernon. He is credited with impeccable hospitality of numerous VIP guests, overseeing major building and restoration projects, such as the reconstruction of the Greenhouse, and guiding the Estate through the years of World War II and other periods when visitation was down. He wrote extensively on George Washington and Mount Vernon, including several publications as well as internal reports and essays.","The next two decades saw four different but distinguished Directors who all brought their own gifts and talents to the position. Harrison Symmes replaced Charles Wall as Resident Director in January 1977. A World War II veteran, Symmes had also served as an Ambassador to Jordan and as President of Windham College in Vermont. Although he resigned in 1979 after only 2 ½ years in the position, he was credited by his Assistant Director, John A. Castellani, as someone who \"opened the doors to a new era of reevaluation, exploration, and change.\" Mr. Castellani succeeded Symmes as Resident Director and stayed in that role until 1984. His focus was largely on fundraising as he successfully guided Mount Vernon through a Capital Campaign effort to build a new administration and research facility on the grounds, the Ann Pamela Cunningham Building. John E. Harbour served in the position from 1984 to 1987 after several previous directorships at historic sites and museums. Harbour worked to improve research access to historic collections and update interpretation of museum exhibits. He helped implement a reorganization plan at Mount Vernon, creating a Research Department and expanding the roles of other departments including Education, Curatorial, Library, and Development. Harbour also wrote the \"Report on the Recommended Improvements to the Museum, Museum Annex and Outbuildings\" in 1986. Several major accomplishments marked the tenure of Neil W. Horstman, Resident Director from 1987 to 1994, including the Historic Structures Report, the first stages of the Pioneer Farm project, and the Piscataway Park Expansion.","The Superintendents and Resident Directors have continuously lived on the grounds at Mount Vernon. Harrison Dodge stayed on the second floor of the Office Dependency (now called the Servant's Hall), with his office on the ground floor. His family lived at their home in Georgetown and he often went home on the weekends. When the Administration Building (now the Frances P. Bolton Building) was constructed, he moved into quarters on the ground floor along with his assistant, James Young. A new residence was built in 1936 for Charles Cecil Wall after he had assumed the role of Assistant Superintendent, to accommodate him and his family. This house has remained the residence for each succeeding Resident Director or President, CEO, and has undergone multiple upgrades and renovations.","This collection was arranged following the organization in which the material was found. Previous re-foldering and alphabetical arrangement in filing cabinets had been done by former library staff to a large portion of the collection. All original folder titles were kept, although the meaning of some descriptors may be lost to the current audience – for example the sequence of \"P.R.\" folder titles in Series 4, Charles Wall's papers.","- Bound Volumes of Superintendent's Letters, Diaries, and Monthly Reports 1885-1976\n- Papers of James Rees\n- Financial Records of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\n- Papers of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\n- Publications of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\n- Audio Visual Collection","This collection combines the papers and files of each Superintendent or Resident Director listed under \"Creators,\" as well as their office staff, assistants, and other Mount Vernon personnel. The bulk of this collection consists of correspondence to and from each Superintendent or Resident Director. Other types of material include reports, essays, memos, publications, clippings, official forms, logs or diaries of events, calendars, schedules, photographs, and ephemera. Subject matter includes a wide variety of topics and concerns for operating and maintaining an historic house. The Resident Directors oversaw almost all major projects and events around Mount Vernon such as building and grounds maintenance, restoration, fundraising, collection of historic artifacts, visitor engagement, and administrative functions. Dodge and Wall were both well known for their involvement in even the smallest details of the operation of Mount Vernon and this is reflected in the volume and scope of their files. Later Resident Directors began keeping chronological files which are also a great resource for understanding projects from specific years and periods of Mount Vernon's history. Both Charles Wall and John Castellani were employees of Mount Vernon before they were appointed Resident Director, and their files include material from previous job assignments. The majority of material reflects Charles Wall's tenure as Resident Director, the 1930s to 1970s, however, there is a substantial amount from the other directors as well. Several folders may extend into the term of James (Jim) Rees who served as Resident Director (later President) of Mount Vernon from 1994 to 2012. \nMost of the letters written by Superintendent Harrison Dodge were laminated or adhered to a tissue or paper backing, and bound together into a multiple volume set. These bound volumes, along with the original work diaries kept by Dodge, have been combined into a separate collection, the Bound Volumes of Superintendent's Letters, Diaries, and Monthly Reports. A finding aid for this collection is also available.","Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Memphis (Tenn.). City Beautiful Commission","Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","Symmes, Harrison M., 1921-2010","Castellani, John A., 1944-1993","Harbour, John E.","Horstman, Neil W., 1946-2020","Dodge, Harrison Howell, 1852-1937","Philibert, Estelle","Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Bailey, Worth, 1908-1980","Thane, Elswyth, 1900-1984","Bolton, Frances Payne Bingham, 1885-1977","Cunningham, Ann Pamela, 1816-1875","Everett, Edward, 1794-1865","Roosevelt, Eleanor, 1884-1962","Richards, Alice Haliburton King, 1860-1936","Hanks, Mary Esther Vilas, 1873-1959","Heiberg, Harrison Howell Dodge, Jr., 1925-1990","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969","Harkness, Hope Hodgman Powel, 1889-1974","Young , James","Rouse, Harrison Dodge","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Papers of the Superintendent and Resident Director, 1850/1996"],"collection_ssim":["Papers of the Superintendent and Resident Director, 1850/1996"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A.SRD","/repositories/2/resources/45"],"unitid_tesim":["A.SRD","/repositories/2/resources/45"],"repository_ssm":["The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon"],"repository_ssim":["The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon"],"creator_ssm":["Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","Symmes, Harrison M., 1921-2010","Castellani, John A., 1944-1993","Harbour, John E.","Horstman, Neil W., 1946-2020","Dodge, Harrison Howell, 1852-1937"],"creator_ssim":["Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","Symmes, Harrison M., 1921-2010","Castellani, John A., 1944-1993","Harbour, John E.","Horstman, Neil W., 1946-2020","Dodge, Harrison Howell, 1852-1937"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","Symmes, Harrison M., 1921-2010","Castellani, John A., 1944-1993","Harbour, John E.","Horstman, Neil W., 1946-2020","Dodge, Harrison Howell, 1852-1937","Philibert, Estelle","Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Bailey, Worth, 1908-1980","Thane, Elswyth, 1900-1984","Bolton, Frances Payne Bingham, 1885-1977","Cunningham, Ann Pamela, 1816-1875","Everett, Edward, 1794-1865","Roosevelt, Eleanor, 1884-1962","Richards, Alice Haliburton King, 1860-1936","Hanks, Mary Esther Vilas, 1873-1959","Heiberg, Harrison Howell Dodge, Jr., 1925-1990","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969","Harkness, Hope Hodgman Powel, 1889-1974","Young , James","Rouse, Harrison Dodge"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Memphis (Tenn.). City Beautiful Commission"],"creators_ssim":["Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","Symmes, Harrison M., 1921-2010","Castellani, John A., 1944-1993","Harbour, John E.","Horstman, Neil W., 1946-2020","Dodge, Harrison Howell, 1852-1937","Philibert, Estelle","Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Bailey, Worth, 1908-1980","Thane, Elswyth, 1900-1984","Bolton, Frances Payne Bingham, 1885-1977","Cunningham, Ann Pamela, 1816-1875","Everett, Edward, 1794-1865","Roosevelt, Eleanor, 1884-1962","Richards, Alice Haliburton King, 1860-1936","Hanks, Mary Esther Vilas, 1873-1959","Heiberg, Harrison Howell Dodge, Jr., 1925-1990","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969","Harkness, Hope Hodgman Powel, 1889-1974","Young , James","Rouse, Harrison Dodge","Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Memphis (Tenn.). City Beautiful Commission"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["60 Linear Feet 52 cubic feet boxes, 5 full Hollinger boxes, 3 half Hollinger boxes, and 4 oversize manuscript boxes"],"extent_tesim":["60 Linear Feet 52 cubic feet boxes, 5 full Hollinger boxes, 3 half Hollinger boxes, and 4 oversize manuscript boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open to research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. According to the policies of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, certain records in the archives may only be available for research 30 years after creation or file date. The library reserves the right to restrict access to items for preservation purposes.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open to research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. According to the policies of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, certain records in the archives may only be available for research 30 years after creation or file date. The library reserves the right to restrict access to items for preservation purposes."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection has been divided into 8 series. The first two series contain administrative and subject files that overlap through the terms of multiple Superintendents or Resident Directors. The next six series are in chronological order by service and are named for the corresponding man. Photographs and oversize material are filed at the end of the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eList of Series:\nSeries 1. Administrative Files\nSeries 2. Subject Files\nSeries 3. Harrison H. Dodge \nSeries 4. Charles C. Wall\nSeries 5. Harrison Symmes\nSeries 6. John A. Castellani\nSeries 7. John E. Harbour\nSeries 8. Neil W. Horstman\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection has been divided into 8 series. The first two series contain administrative and subject files that overlap through the terms of multiple Superintendents or Resident Directors. The next six series are in chronological order by service and are named for the corresponding man. Photographs and oversize material are filed at the end of the collection.","List of Series:\nSeries 1. Administrative Files\nSeries 2. Subject Files\nSeries 3. Harrison H. Dodge \nSeries 4. Charles C. Wall\nSeries 5. Harrison Symmes\nSeries 6. John A. Castellani\nSeries 7. John E. Harbour\nSeries 8. Neil W. Horstman"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe position of Superintendent of Mount Vernon, also called \"Secretary\" in the earlier years of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, was created in 1860 when Colonel Upton Herbert was hired. A veteran of the Mexican War, Herbert was recommended by John Augustine Washington III as being especially suited to assisting the MVLA. Mr. Herbert and Sarah Tracy, Secretary to Ann Pamela Cunningham, were largely responsible for the care and maintenance of Mount Vernon during the Civil War when the Regent and most Vice Regents were unable to travel to the estate. When hiring a new Superintendent, J. McHenry Hollingsworth in 1872, the Council explained the responsibilities of the Superintendent more thoroughly saying he \"should act as general manager of the estate; that one of the most important features in the general instructions to be given him shall be, that he shall at all times consider the dignity and comfort of the Regent; that he shall always bear in mind the deep obligations of the Association to her; and that he has been appointed for the purpose of relieving her of the very arduous duties that are so oppressive to her; that he shall keep the accounts of expenditures and receipts, which are to be at all times open to the inspection of the Regent, Vice Regents, and Advisory Committee, with whom, in all matters of perplexity, he shall consult, and be guided by their decisions.\" His salary was to be $1500 per year. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter discovering decay in the foundations of the Mansion in 1885, the Vice Regents suspected negligence on the part of Hollingsworth. The Vice Regent from Georgia, Mrs. Eve questioned, \"Would it be too much to say that the first and greatest duty of the Superintendent is the preservation of the Mansion?\" The Council went on to pass a resolution stating that the duty of the Superintendent is to examine all parts of the Mansion and report defects to the Regent, and concluded that he should \"not at any time be ignorant of the state of the mansion.\" Harrison H. Dodge was hired later that year and remains the longest serving Superintendent (or equivalent) of Mount Vernon at 52 years. Mr. Dodge's priority was cleaning, restoring, and preserving the house and grounds. He was also particularly interested in fire safety, advocating for the installation of electricity in the Mansion to prevent any accidents from candlelight or kerosene lamps.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter Dodge's death in 1937, his assistant Charles C. Wall became the new Superintendent and later changed the position's title to Resident Director. Wall described the Superintendent's job in a book he coauthored with Gerald W. Johnson entitled Mount Vernon: The Story of a Shrine, saying the position required someone \"not exactly a farmer, yet a man acquainted with soils, seasons, and the proper handling of growing plants.\" He went on to say the director should have traits of a theatrical producer, an accountant, an antiquarian, a historian, and an ambassador, with some knowledge of engineering, carpentry, masonry, and domestic service. Wall also spent almost his entire career at Mount Vernon, retiring in 1976 after 43 years of employment at Mount Vernon. He is credited with impeccable hospitality of numerous VIP guests, overseeing major building and restoration projects, such as the reconstruction of the Greenhouse, and guiding the Estate through the years of World War II and other periods when visitation was down. He wrote extensively on George Washington and Mount Vernon, including several publications as well as internal reports and essays.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe next two decades saw four different but distinguished Directors who all brought their own gifts and talents to the position. Harrison Symmes replaced Charles Wall as Resident Director in January 1977. A World War II veteran, Symmes had also served as an Ambassador to Jordan and as President of Windham College in Vermont. Although he resigned in 1979 after only 2 ½ years in the position, he was credited by his Assistant Director, John A. Castellani, as someone who \"opened the doors to a new era of reevaluation, exploration, and change.\" Mr. Castellani succeeded Symmes as Resident Director and stayed in that role until 1984. His focus was largely on fundraising as he successfully guided Mount Vernon through a Capital Campaign effort to build a new administration and research facility on the grounds, the Ann Pamela Cunningham Building. John E. Harbour served in the position from 1984 to 1987 after several previous directorships at historic sites and museums. Harbour worked to improve research access to historic collections and update interpretation of museum exhibits. He helped implement a reorganization plan at Mount Vernon, creating a Research Department and expanding the roles of other departments including Education, Curatorial, Library, and Development. Harbour also wrote the \"Report on the Recommended Improvements to the Museum, Museum Annex and Outbuildings\" in 1986. Several major accomplishments marked the tenure of Neil W. Horstman, Resident Director from 1987 to 1994, including the Historic Structures Report, the first stages of the Pioneer Farm project, and the Piscataway Park Expansion.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Superintendents and Resident Directors have continuously lived on the grounds at Mount Vernon. Harrison Dodge stayed on the second floor of the Office Dependency (now called the Servant's Hall), with his office on the ground floor. His family lived at their home in Georgetown and he often went home on the weekends. When the Administration Building (now the Frances P. Bolton Building) was constructed, he moved into quarters on the ground floor along with his assistant, James Young. A new residence was built in 1936 for Charles Cecil Wall after he had assumed the role of Assistant Superintendent, to accommodate him and his family. This house has remained the residence for each succeeding Resident Director or President, CEO, and has undergone multiple upgrades and renovations.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The position of Superintendent of Mount Vernon, also called \"Secretary\" in the earlier years of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, was created in 1860 when Colonel Upton Herbert was hired. A veteran of the Mexican War, Herbert was recommended by John Augustine Washington III as being especially suited to assisting the MVLA. Mr. Herbert and Sarah Tracy, Secretary to Ann Pamela Cunningham, were largely responsible for the care and maintenance of Mount Vernon during the Civil War when the Regent and most Vice Regents were unable to travel to the estate. When hiring a new Superintendent, J. McHenry Hollingsworth in 1872, the Council explained the responsibilities of the Superintendent more thoroughly saying he \"should act as general manager of the estate; that one of the most important features in the general instructions to be given him shall be, that he shall at all times consider the dignity and comfort of the Regent; that he shall always bear in mind the deep obligations of the Association to her; and that he has been appointed for the purpose of relieving her of the very arduous duties that are so oppressive to her; that he shall keep the accounts of expenditures and receipts, which are to be at all times open to the inspection of the Regent, Vice Regents, and Advisory Committee, with whom, in all matters of perplexity, he shall consult, and be guided by their decisions.\" His salary was to be $1500 per year.","After discovering decay in the foundations of the Mansion in 1885, the Vice Regents suspected negligence on the part of Hollingsworth. The Vice Regent from Georgia, Mrs. Eve questioned, \"Would it be too much to say that the first and greatest duty of the Superintendent is the preservation of the Mansion?\" The Council went on to pass a resolution stating that the duty of the Superintendent is to examine all parts of the Mansion and report defects to the Regent, and concluded that he should \"not at any time be ignorant of the state of the mansion.\" Harrison H. Dodge was hired later that year and remains the longest serving Superintendent (or equivalent) of Mount Vernon at 52 years. Mr. Dodge's priority was cleaning, restoring, and preserving the house and grounds. He was also particularly interested in fire safety, advocating for the installation of electricity in the Mansion to prevent any accidents from candlelight or kerosene lamps.","After Dodge's death in 1937, his assistant Charles C. Wall became the new Superintendent and later changed the position's title to Resident Director. Wall described the Superintendent's job in a book he coauthored with Gerald W. Johnson entitled Mount Vernon: The Story of a Shrine, saying the position required someone \"not exactly a farmer, yet a man acquainted with soils, seasons, and the proper handling of growing plants.\" He went on to say the director should have traits of a theatrical producer, an accountant, an antiquarian, a historian, and an ambassador, with some knowledge of engineering, carpentry, masonry, and domestic service. Wall also spent almost his entire career at Mount Vernon, retiring in 1976 after 43 years of employment at Mount Vernon. He is credited with impeccable hospitality of numerous VIP guests, overseeing major building and restoration projects, such as the reconstruction of the Greenhouse, and guiding the Estate through the years of World War II and other periods when visitation was down. He wrote extensively on George Washington and Mount Vernon, including several publications as well as internal reports and essays.","The next two decades saw four different but distinguished Directors who all brought their own gifts and talents to the position. Harrison Symmes replaced Charles Wall as Resident Director in January 1977. A World War II veteran, Symmes had also served as an Ambassador to Jordan and as President of Windham College in Vermont. Although he resigned in 1979 after only 2 ½ years in the position, he was credited by his Assistant Director, John A. Castellani, as someone who \"opened the doors to a new era of reevaluation, exploration, and change.\" Mr. Castellani succeeded Symmes as Resident Director and stayed in that role until 1984. His focus was largely on fundraising as he successfully guided Mount Vernon through a Capital Campaign effort to build a new administration and research facility on the grounds, the Ann Pamela Cunningham Building. John E. Harbour served in the position from 1984 to 1987 after several previous directorships at historic sites and museums. Harbour worked to improve research access to historic collections and update interpretation of museum exhibits. He helped implement a reorganization plan at Mount Vernon, creating a Research Department and expanding the roles of other departments including Education, Curatorial, Library, and Development. Harbour also wrote the \"Report on the Recommended Improvements to the Museum, Museum Annex and Outbuildings\" in 1986. Several major accomplishments marked the tenure of Neil W. Horstman, Resident Director from 1987 to 1994, including the Historic Structures Report, the first stages of the Pioneer Farm project, and the Piscataway Park Expansion.","The Superintendents and Resident Directors have continuously lived on the grounds at Mount Vernon. Harrison Dodge stayed on the second floor of the Office Dependency (now called the Servant's Hall), with his office on the ground floor. His family lived at their home in Georgetown and he often went home on the weekends. When the Administration Building (now the Frances P. Bolton Building) was constructed, he moved into quarters on the ground floor along with his assistant, James Young. A new residence was built in 1936 for Charles Cecil Wall after he had assumed the role of Assistant Superintendent, to accommodate him and his family. This house has remained the residence for each succeeding Resident Director or President, CEO, and has undergone multiple upgrades and renovations."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Name and date of item], The Papers of the Superintendent and Resident Director, [Series, Folder], Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, Fred W. Smith National Library for the Study of George Washington [hereafter Washington Library], Mount Vernon, Virginia. \nSee the Chicago Manual of Style for additional examples.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Name and date of item], The Papers of the Superintendent and Resident Director, [Series, Folder], Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, Fred W. Smith National Library for the Study of George Washington [hereafter Washington Library], Mount Vernon, Virginia. \nSee the Chicago Manual of Style for additional examples."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection was arranged following the organization in which the material was found. Previous re-foldering and alphabetical arrangement in filing cabinets had been done by former library staff to a large portion of the collection. All original folder titles were kept, although the meaning of some descriptors may be lost to the current audience – for example the sequence of \"P.R.\" folder titles in Series 4, Charles Wall's papers.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["This collection was arranged following the organization in which the material was found. Previous re-foldering and alphabetical arrangement in filing cabinets had been done by former library staff to a large portion of the collection. All original folder titles were kept, although the meaning of some descriptors may be lost to the current audience – for example the sequence of \"P.R.\" folder titles in Series 4, Charles Wall's papers."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e- Bound Volumes of Superintendent's Letters, Diaries, and Monthly Reports 1885-1976\n- Papers of James Rees\n- Financial Records of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\n- Papers of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\n- Publications of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\n- Audio Visual Collection\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["- Bound Volumes of Superintendent's Letters, Diaries, and Monthly Reports 1885-1976\n- Papers of James Rees\n- Financial Records of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\n- Papers of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\n- Publications of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\n- Audio Visual Collection"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection combines the papers and files of each Superintendent or Resident Director listed under \"Creators,\" as well as their office staff, assistants, and other Mount Vernon personnel. The bulk of this collection consists of correspondence to and from each Superintendent or Resident Director. Other types of material include reports, essays, memos, publications, clippings, official forms, logs or diaries of events, calendars, schedules, photographs, and ephemera. Subject matter includes a wide variety of topics and concerns for operating and maintaining an historic house. The Resident Directors oversaw almost all major projects and events around Mount Vernon such as building and grounds maintenance, restoration, fundraising, collection of historic artifacts, visitor engagement, and administrative functions. Dodge and Wall were both well known for their involvement in even the smallest details of the operation of Mount Vernon and this is reflected in the volume and scope of their files. Later Resident Directors began keeping chronological files which are also a great resource for understanding projects from specific years and periods of Mount Vernon's history. Both Charles Wall and John Castellani were employees of Mount Vernon before they were appointed Resident Director, and their files include material from previous job assignments. The majority of material reflects Charles Wall's tenure as Resident Director, the 1930s to 1970s, however, there is a substantial amount from the other directors as well. Several folders may extend into the term of James (Jim) Rees who served as Resident Director (later President) of Mount Vernon from 1994 to 2012. \nMost of the letters written by Superintendent Harrison Dodge were laminated or adhered to a tissue or paper backing, and bound together into a multiple volume set. These bound volumes, along with the original work diaries kept by Dodge, have been combined into a separate collection, the Bound Volumes of Superintendent's Letters, Diaries, and Monthly Reports. A finding aid for this collection is also available.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection combines the papers and files of each Superintendent or Resident Director listed under \"Creators,\" as well as their office staff, assistants, and other Mount Vernon personnel. The bulk of this collection consists of correspondence to and from each Superintendent or Resident Director. Other types of material include reports, essays, memos, publications, clippings, official forms, logs or diaries of events, calendars, schedules, photographs, and ephemera. Subject matter includes a wide variety of topics and concerns for operating and maintaining an historic house. The Resident Directors oversaw almost all major projects and events around Mount Vernon such as building and grounds maintenance, restoration, fundraising, collection of historic artifacts, visitor engagement, and administrative functions. Dodge and Wall were both well known for their involvement in even the smallest details of the operation of Mount Vernon and this is reflected in the volume and scope of their files. Later Resident Directors began keeping chronological files which are also a great resource for understanding projects from specific years and periods of Mount Vernon's history. Both Charles Wall and John Castellani were employees of Mount Vernon before they were appointed Resident Director, and their files include material from previous job assignments. The majority of material reflects Charles Wall's tenure as Resident Director, the 1930s to 1970s, however, there is a substantial amount from the other directors as well. Several folders may extend into the term of James (Jim) Rees who served as Resident Director (later President) of Mount Vernon from 1994 to 2012. \nMost of the letters written by Superintendent Harrison Dodge were laminated or adhered to a tissue or paper backing, and bound together into a multiple volume set. These bound volumes, along with the original work diaries kept by Dodge, have been combined into a separate collection, the Bound Volumes of Superintendent's Letters, Diaries, and Monthly Reports. A finding aid for this collection is also available."],"corpname_ssim":["Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Memphis (Tenn.). City Beautiful Commission"],"persname_ssim":["Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","Symmes, Harrison M., 1921-2010","Castellani, John A., 1944-1993","Harbour, John E.","Horstman, Neil W., 1946-2020","Dodge, Harrison Howell, 1852-1937","Philibert, Estelle","Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Bailey, Worth, 1908-1980","Thane, Elswyth, 1900-1984","Bolton, Frances Payne Bingham, 1885-1977","Cunningham, Ann Pamela, 1816-1875","Everett, Edward, 1794-1865","Roosevelt, Eleanor, 1884-1962","Richards, Alice Haliburton King, 1860-1936","Hanks, Mary Esther Vilas, 1873-1959","Heiberg, Harrison Howell Dodge, Jr., 1925-1990","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969","Harkness, Hope Hodgman Powel, 1889-1974","Young , James","Rouse, Harrison Dodge"],"names_ssim":["Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Memphis (Tenn.). City Beautiful Commission","Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","Symmes, Harrison M., 1921-2010","Castellani, John A., 1944-1993","Harbour, John E.","Horstman, Neil W., 1946-2020","Dodge, Harrison Howell, 1852-1937","Philibert, Estelle","Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Bailey, Worth, 1908-1980","Thane, Elswyth, 1900-1984","Bolton, Frances Payne Bingham, 1885-1977","Cunningham, Ann Pamela, 1816-1875","Everett, Edward, 1794-1865","Roosevelt, Eleanor, 1884-1962","Richards, Alice Haliburton King, 1860-1936","Hanks, Mary Esther Vilas, 1873-1959","Heiberg, Harrison Howell Dodge, Jr., 1925-1990","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969","Harkness, Hope Hodgman Powel, 1889-1974","Young , James","Rouse, Harrison Dodge"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2506,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:25:08.530Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_45","ead_ssi":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_45","_root_":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_45","_nest_parent_":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_45","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/MV/repositories_2_resources_45.xml","title_ssm":["Papers of the Superintendent and Resident Director"],"title_tesim":["Papers of the Superintendent and Resident Director"],"unitdate_ssm":["1850-1996"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1850-1996"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1850/1996"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Papers of the Superintendent and Resident Director, 1850/1996"],"text":["Papers of the Superintendent and Resident Director, 1850/1996","A.SRD","/repositories/2/resources/45","This collection is open to research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. According to the policies of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, certain records in the archives may only be available for research 30 years after creation or file date. The library reserves the right to restrict access to items for preservation purposes.","This collection has been divided into 8 series. The first two series contain administrative and subject files that overlap through the terms of multiple Superintendents or Resident Directors. The next six series are in chronological order by service and are named for the corresponding man. Photographs and oversize material are filed at the end of the collection.","List of Series:\nSeries 1. Administrative Files\nSeries 2. Subject Files\nSeries 3. Harrison H. Dodge \nSeries 4. Charles C. Wall\nSeries 5. Harrison Symmes\nSeries 6. John A. Castellani\nSeries 7. John E. Harbour\nSeries 8. Neil W. Horstman","The position of Superintendent of Mount Vernon, also called \"Secretary\" in the earlier years of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, was created in 1860 when Colonel Upton Herbert was hired. A veteran of the Mexican War, Herbert was recommended by John Augustine Washington III as being especially suited to assisting the MVLA. Mr. Herbert and Sarah Tracy, Secretary to Ann Pamela Cunningham, were largely responsible for the care and maintenance of Mount Vernon during the Civil War when the Regent and most Vice Regents were unable to travel to the estate. When hiring a new Superintendent, J. McHenry Hollingsworth in 1872, the Council explained the responsibilities of the Superintendent more thoroughly saying he \"should act as general manager of the estate; that one of the most important features in the general instructions to be given him shall be, that he shall at all times consider the dignity and comfort of the Regent; that he shall always bear in mind the deep obligations of the Association to her; and that he has been appointed for the purpose of relieving her of the very arduous duties that are so oppressive to her; that he shall keep the accounts of expenditures and receipts, which are to be at all times open to the inspection of the Regent, Vice Regents, and Advisory Committee, with whom, in all matters of perplexity, he shall consult, and be guided by their decisions.\" His salary was to be $1500 per year.","After discovering decay in the foundations of the Mansion in 1885, the Vice Regents suspected negligence on the part of Hollingsworth. The Vice Regent from Georgia, Mrs. Eve questioned, \"Would it be too much to say that the first and greatest duty of the Superintendent is the preservation of the Mansion?\" The Council went on to pass a resolution stating that the duty of the Superintendent is to examine all parts of the Mansion and report defects to the Regent, and concluded that he should \"not at any time be ignorant of the state of the mansion.\" Harrison H. Dodge was hired later that year and remains the longest serving Superintendent (or equivalent) of Mount Vernon at 52 years. Mr. Dodge's priority was cleaning, restoring, and preserving the house and grounds. He was also particularly interested in fire safety, advocating for the installation of electricity in the Mansion to prevent any accidents from candlelight or kerosene lamps.","After Dodge's death in 1937, his assistant Charles C. Wall became the new Superintendent and later changed the position's title to Resident Director. Wall described the Superintendent's job in a book he coauthored with Gerald W. Johnson entitled Mount Vernon: The Story of a Shrine, saying the position required someone \"not exactly a farmer, yet a man acquainted with soils, seasons, and the proper handling of growing plants.\" He went on to say the director should have traits of a theatrical producer, an accountant, an antiquarian, a historian, and an ambassador, with some knowledge of engineering, carpentry, masonry, and domestic service. Wall also spent almost his entire career at Mount Vernon, retiring in 1976 after 43 years of employment at Mount Vernon. He is credited with impeccable hospitality of numerous VIP guests, overseeing major building and restoration projects, such as the reconstruction of the Greenhouse, and guiding the Estate through the years of World War II and other periods when visitation was down. He wrote extensively on George Washington and Mount Vernon, including several publications as well as internal reports and essays.","The next two decades saw four different but distinguished Directors who all brought their own gifts and talents to the position. Harrison Symmes replaced Charles Wall as Resident Director in January 1977. A World War II veteran, Symmes had also served as an Ambassador to Jordan and as President of Windham College in Vermont. Although he resigned in 1979 after only 2 ½ years in the position, he was credited by his Assistant Director, John A. Castellani, as someone who \"opened the doors to a new era of reevaluation, exploration, and change.\" Mr. Castellani succeeded Symmes as Resident Director and stayed in that role until 1984. His focus was largely on fundraising as he successfully guided Mount Vernon through a Capital Campaign effort to build a new administration and research facility on the grounds, the Ann Pamela Cunningham Building. John E. Harbour served in the position from 1984 to 1987 after several previous directorships at historic sites and museums. Harbour worked to improve research access to historic collections and update interpretation of museum exhibits. He helped implement a reorganization plan at Mount Vernon, creating a Research Department and expanding the roles of other departments including Education, Curatorial, Library, and Development. Harbour also wrote the \"Report on the Recommended Improvements to the Museum, Museum Annex and Outbuildings\" in 1986. Several major accomplishments marked the tenure of Neil W. Horstman, Resident Director from 1987 to 1994, including the Historic Structures Report, the first stages of the Pioneer Farm project, and the Piscataway Park Expansion.","The Superintendents and Resident Directors have continuously lived on the grounds at Mount Vernon. Harrison Dodge stayed on the second floor of the Office Dependency (now called the Servant's Hall), with his office on the ground floor. His family lived at their home in Georgetown and he often went home on the weekends. When the Administration Building (now the Frances P. Bolton Building) was constructed, he moved into quarters on the ground floor along with his assistant, James Young. A new residence was built in 1936 for Charles Cecil Wall after he had assumed the role of Assistant Superintendent, to accommodate him and his family. This house has remained the residence for each succeeding Resident Director or President, CEO, and has undergone multiple upgrades and renovations.","This collection was arranged following the organization in which the material was found. Previous re-foldering and alphabetical arrangement in filing cabinets had been done by former library staff to a large portion of the collection. All original folder titles were kept, although the meaning of some descriptors may be lost to the current audience – for example the sequence of \"P.R.\" folder titles in Series 4, Charles Wall's papers.","- Bound Volumes of Superintendent's Letters, Diaries, and Monthly Reports 1885-1976\n- Papers of James Rees\n- Financial Records of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\n- Papers of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\n- Publications of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\n- Audio Visual Collection","This collection combines the papers and files of each Superintendent or Resident Director listed under \"Creators,\" as well as their office staff, assistants, and other Mount Vernon personnel. The bulk of this collection consists of correspondence to and from each Superintendent or Resident Director. Other types of material include reports, essays, memos, publications, clippings, official forms, logs or diaries of events, calendars, schedules, photographs, and ephemera. Subject matter includes a wide variety of topics and concerns for operating and maintaining an historic house. The Resident Directors oversaw almost all major projects and events around Mount Vernon such as building and grounds maintenance, restoration, fundraising, collection of historic artifacts, visitor engagement, and administrative functions. Dodge and Wall were both well known for their involvement in even the smallest details of the operation of Mount Vernon and this is reflected in the volume and scope of their files. Later Resident Directors began keeping chronological files which are also a great resource for understanding projects from specific years and periods of Mount Vernon's history. Both Charles Wall and John Castellani were employees of Mount Vernon before they were appointed Resident Director, and their files include material from previous job assignments. The majority of material reflects Charles Wall's tenure as Resident Director, the 1930s to 1970s, however, there is a substantial amount from the other directors as well. Several folders may extend into the term of James (Jim) Rees who served as Resident Director (later President) of Mount Vernon from 1994 to 2012. \nMost of the letters written by Superintendent Harrison Dodge were laminated or adhered to a tissue or paper backing, and bound together into a multiple volume set. These bound volumes, along with the original work diaries kept by Dodge, have been combined into a separate collection, the Bound Volumes of Superintendent's Letters, Diaries, and Monthly Reports. A finding aid for this collection is also available.","Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Memphis (Tenn.). City Beautiful Commission","Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","Symmes, Harrison M., 1921-2010","Castellani, John A., 1944-1993","Harbour, John E.","Horstman, Neil W., 1946-2020","Dodge, Harrison Howell, 1852-1937","Philibert, Estelle","Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Bailey, Worth, 1908-1980","Thane, Elswyth, 1900-1984","Bolton, Frances Payne Bingham, 1885-1977","Cunningham, Ann Pamela, 1816-1875","Everett, Edward, 1794-1865","Roosevelt, Eleanor, 1884-1962","Richards, Alice Haliburton King, 1860-1936","Hanks, Mary Esther Vilas, 1873-1959","Heiberg, Harrison Howell Dodge, Jr., 1925-1990","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969","Harkness, Hope Hodgman Powel, 1889-1974","Young , James","Rouse, Harrison Dodge","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Papers of the Superintendent and Resident Director, 1850/1996"],"collection_ssim":["Papers of the Superintendent and Resident Director, 1850/1996"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A.SRD","/repositories/2/resources/45"],"unitid_tesim":["A.SRD","/repositories/2/resources/45"],"repository_ssm":["The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon"],"repository_ssim":["The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon"],"creator_ssm":["Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","Symmes, Harrison M., 1921-2010","Castellani, John A., 1944-1993","Harbour, John E.","Horstman, Neil W., 1946-2020","Dodge, Harrison Howell, 1852-1937"],"creator_ssim":["Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","Symmes, Harrison M., 1921-2010","Castellani, John A., 1944-1993","Harbour, John E.","Horstman, Neil W., 1946-2020","Dodge, Harrison Howell, 1852-1937"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","Symmes, Harrison M., 1921-2010","Castellani, John A., 1944-1993","Harbour, John E.","Horstman, Neil W., 1946-2020","Dodge, Harrison Howell, 1852-1937","Philibert, Estelle","Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Bailey, Worth, 1908-1980","Thane, Elswyth, 1900-1984","Bolton, Frances Payne Bingham, 1885-1977","Cunningham, Ann Pamela, 1816-1875","Everett, Edward, 1794-1865","Roosevelt, Eleanor, 1884-1962","Richards, Alice Haliburton King, 1860-1936","Hanks, Mary Esther Vilas, 1873-1959","Heiberg, Harrison Howell Dodge, Jr., 1925-1990","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969","Harkness, Hope Hodgman Powel, 1889-1974","Young , James","Rouse, Harrison Dodge"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Memphis (Tenn.). City Beautiful Commission"],"creators_ssim":["Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","Symmes, Harrison M., 1921-2010","Castellani, John A., 1944-1993","Harbour, John E.","Horstman, Neil W., 1946-2020","Dodge, Harrison Howell, 1852-1937","Philibert, Estelle","Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Bailey, Worth, 1908-1980","Thane, Elswyth, 1900-1984","Bolton, Frances Payne Bingham, 1885-1977","Cunningham, Ann Pamela, 1816-1875","Everett, Edward, 1794-1865","Roosevelt, Eleanor, 1884-1962","Richards, Alice Haliburton King, 1860-1936","Hanks, Mary Esther Vilas, 1873-1959","Heiberg, Harrison Howell Dodge, Jr., 1925-1990","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969","Harkness, Hope Hodgman Powel, 1889-1974","Young , James","Rouse, Harrison Dodge","Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Memphis (Tenn.). City Beautiful Commission"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["60 Linear Feet 52 cubic feet boxes, 5 full Hollinger boxes, 3 half Hollinger boxes, and 4 oversize manuscript boxes"],"extent_tesim":["60 Linear Feet 52 cubic feet boxes, 5 full Hollinger boxes, 3 half Hollinger boxes, and 4 oversize manuscript boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open to research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. According to the policies of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, certain records in the archives may only be available for research 30 years after creation or file date. The library reserves the right to restrict access to items for preservation purposes.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open to research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. According to the policies of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, certain records in the archives may only be available for research 30 years after creation or file date. The library reserves the right to restrict access to items for preservation purposes."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection has been divided into 8 series. The first two series contain administrative and subject files that overlap through the terms of multiple Superintendents or Resident Directors. The next six series are in chronological order by service and are named for the corresponding man. Photographs and oversize material are filed at the end of the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eList of Series:\nSeries 1. Administrative Files\nSeries 2. Subject Files\nSeries 3. Harrison H. Dodge \nSeries 4. Charles C. Wall\nSeries 5. Harrison Symmes\nSeries 6. John A. Castellani\nSeries 7. John E. Harbour\nSeries 8. Neil W. Horstman\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection has been divided into 8 series. The first two series contain administrative and subject files that overlap through the terms of multiple Superintendents or Resident Directors. The next six series are in chronological order by service and are named for the corresponding man. Photographs and oversize material are filed at the end of the collection.","List of Series:\nSeries 1. Administrative Files\nSeries 2. Subject Files\nSeries 3. Harrison H. Dodge \nSeries 4. Charles C. Wall\nSeries 5. Harrison Symmes\nSeries 6. John A. Castellani\nSeries 7. John E. Harbour\nSeries 8. Neil W. Horstman"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe position of Superintendent of Mount Vernon, also called \"Secretary\" in the earlier years of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, was created in 1860 when Colonel Upton Herbert was hired. A veteran of the Mexican War, Herbert was recommended by John Augustine Washington III as being especially suited to assisting the MVLA. Mr. Herbert and Sarah Tracy, Secretary to Ann Pamela Cunningham, were largely responsible for the care and maintenance of Mount Vernon during the Civil War when the Regent and most Vice Regents were unable to travel to the estate. When hiring a new Superintendent, J. McHenry Hollingsworth in 1872, the Council explained the responsibilities of the Superintendent more thoroughly saying he \"should act as general manager of the estate; that one of the most important features in the general instructions to be given him shall be, that he shall at all times consider the dignity and comfort of the Regent; that he shall always bear in mind the deep obligations of the Association to her; and that he has been appointed for the purpose of relieving her of the very arduous duties that are so oppressive to her; that he shall keep the accounts of expenditures and receipts, which are to be at all times open to the inspection of the Regent, Vice Regents, and Advisory Committee, with whom, in all matters of perplexity, he shall consult, and be guided by their decisions.\" His salary was to be $1500 per year. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter discovering decay in the foundations of the Mansion in 1885, the Vice Regents suspected negligence on the part of Hollingsworth. The Vice Regent from Georgia, Mrs. Eve questioned, \"Would it be too much to say that the first and greatest duty of the Superintendent is the preservation of the Mansion?\" The Council went on to pass a resolution stating that the duty of the Superintendent is to examine all parts of the Mansion and report defects to the Regent, and concluded that he should \"not at any time be ignorant of the state of the mansion.\" Harrison H. Dodge was hired later that year and remains the longest serving Superintendent (or equivalent) of Mount Vernon at 52 years. Mr. Dodge's priority was cleaning, restoring, and preserving the house and grounds. He was also particularly interested in fire safety, advocating for the installation of electricity in the Mansion to prevent any accidents from candlelight or kerosene lamps.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter Dodge's death in 1937, his assistant Charles C. Wall became the new Superintendent and later changed the position's title to Resident Director. Wall described the Superintendent's job in a book he coauthored with Gerald W. Johnson entitled Mount Vernon: The Story of a Shrine, saying the position required someone \"not exactly a farmer, yet a man acquainted with soils, seasons, and the proper handling of growing plants.\" He went on to say the director should have traits of a theatrical producer, an accountant, an antiquarian, a historian, and an ambassador, with some knowledge of engineering, carpentry, masonry, and domestic service. Wall also spent almost his entire career at Mount Vernon, retiring in 1976 after 43 years of employment at Mount Vernon. He is credited with impeccable hospitality of numerous VIP guests, overseeing major building and restoration projects, such as the reconstruction of the Greenhouse, and guiding the Estate through the years of World War II and other periods when visitation was down. He wrote extensively on George Washington and Mount Vernon, including several publications as well as internal reports and essays.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe next two decades saw four different but distinguished Directors who all brought their own gifts and talents to the position. Harrison Symmes replaced Charles Wall as Resident Director in January 1977. A World War II veteran, Symmes had also served as an Ambassador to Jordan and as President of Windham College in Vermont. Although he resigned in 1979 after only 2 ½ years in the position, he was credited by his Assistant Director, John A. Castellani, as someone who \"opened the doors to a new era of reevaluation, exploration, and change.\" Mr. Castellani succeeded Symmes as Resident Director and stayed in that role until 1984. His focus was largely on fundraising as he successfully guided Mount Vernon through a Capital Campaign effort to build a new administration and research facility on the grounds, the Ann Pamela Cunningham Building. John E. Harbour served in the position from 1984 to 1987 after several previous directorships at historic sites and museums. Harbour worked to improve research access to historic collections and update interpretation of museum exhibits. He helped implement a reorganization plan at Mount Vernon, creating a Research Department and expanding the roles of other departments including Education, Curatorial, Library, and Development. Harbour also wrote the \"Report on the Recommended Improvements to the Museum, Museum Annex and Outbuildings\" in 1986. Several major accomplishments marked the tenure of Neil W. Horstman, Resident Director from 1987 to 1994, including the Historic Structures Report, the first stages of the Pioneer Farm project, and the Piscataway Park Expansion.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Superintendents and Resident Directors have continuously lived on the grounds at Mount Vernon. Harrison Dodge stayed on the second floor of the Office Dependency (now called the Servant's Hall), with his office on the ground floor. His family lived at their home in Georgetown and he often went home on the weekends. When the Administration Building (now the Frances P. Bolton Building) was constructed, he moved into quarters on the ground floor along with his assistant, James Young. A new residence was built in 1936 for Charles Cecil Wall after he had assumed the role of Assistant Superintendent, to accommodate him and his family. This house has remained the residence for each succeeding Resident Director or President, CEO, and has undergone multiple upgrades and renovations.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The position of Superintendent of Mount Vernon, also called \"Secretary\" in the earlier years of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, was created in 1860 when Colonel Upton Herbert was hired. A veteran of the Mexican War, Herbert was recommended by John Augustine Washington III as being especially suited to assisting the MVLA. Mr. Herbert and Sarah Tracy, Secretary to Ann Pamela Cunningham, were largely responsible for the care and maintenance of Mount Vernon during the Civil War when the Regent and most Vice Regents were unable to travel to the estate. When hiring a new Superintendent, J. McHenry Hollingsworth in 1872, the Council explained the responsibilities of the Superintendent more thoroughly saying he \"should act as general manager of the estate; that one of the most important features in the general instructions to be given him shall be, that he shall at all times consider the dignity and comfort of the Regent; that he shall always bear in mind the deep obligations of the Association to her; and that he has been appointed for the purpose of relieving her of the very arduous duties that are so oppressive to her; that he shall keep the accounts of expenditures and receipts, which are to be at all times open to the inspection of the Regent, Vice Regents, and Advisory Committee, with whom, in all matters of perplexity, he shall consult, and be guided by their decisions.\" His salary was to be $1500 per year.","After discovering decay in the foundations of the Mansion in 1885, the Vice Regents suspected negligence on the part of Hollingsworth. The Vice Regent from Georgia, Mrs. Eve questioned, \"Would it be too much to say that the first and greatest duty of the Superintendent is the preservation of the Mansion?\" The Council went on to pass a resolution stating that the duty of the Superintendent is to examine all parts of the Mansion and report defects to the Regent, and concluded that he should \"not at any time be ignorant of the state of the mansion.\" Harrison H. Dodge was hired later that year and remains the longest serving Superintendent (or equivalent) of Mount Vernon at 52 years. Mr. Dodge's priority was cleaning, restoring, and preserving the house and grounds. He was also particularly interested in fire safety, advocating for the installation of electricity in the Mansion to prevent any accidents from candlelight or kerosene lamps.","After Dodge's death in 1937, his assistant Charles C. Wall became the new Superintendent and later changed the position's title to Resident Director. Wall described the Superintendent's job in a book he coauthored with Gerald W. Johnson entitled Mount Vernon: The Story of a Shrine, saying the position required someone \"not exactly a farmer, yet a man acquainted with soils, seasons, and the proper handling of growing plants.\" He went on to say the director should have traits of a theatrical producer, an accountant, an antiquarian, a historian, and an ambassador, with some knowledge of engineering, carpentry, masonry, and domestic service. Wall also spent almost his entire career at Mount Vernon, retiring in 1976 after 43 years of employment at Mount Vernon. He is credited with impeccable hospitality of numerous VIP guests, overseeing major building and restoration projects, such as the reconstruction of the Greenhouse, and guiding the Estate through the years of World War II and other periods when visitation was down. He wrote extensively on George Washington and Mount Vernon, including several publications as well as internal reports and essays.","The next two decades saw four different but distinguished Directors who all brought their own gifts and talents to the position. Harrison Symmes replaced Charles Wall as Resident Director in January 1977. A World War II veteran, Symmes had also served as an Ambassador to Jordan and as President of Windham College in Vermont. Although he resigned in 1979 after only 2 ½ years in the position, he was credited by his Assistant Director, John A. Castellani, as someone who \"opened the doors to a new era of reevaluation, exploration, and change.\" Mr. Castellani succeeded Symmes as Resident Director and stayed in that role until 1984. His focus was largely on fundraising as he successfully guided Mount Vernon through a Capital Campaign effort to build a new administration and research facility on the grounds, the Ann Pamela Cunningham Building. John E. Harbour served in the position from 1984 to 1987 after several previous directorships at historic sites and museums. Harbour worked to improve research access to historic collections and update interpretation of museum exhibits. He helped implement a reorganization plan at Mount Vernon, creating a Research Department and expanding the roles of other departments including Education, Curatorial, Library, and Development. Harbour also wrote the \"Report on the Recommended Improvements to the Museum, Museum Annex and Outbuildings\" in 1986. Several major accomplishments marked the tenure of Neil W. Horstman, Resident Director from 1987 to 1994, including the Historic Structures Report, the first stages of the Pioneer Farm project, and the Piscataway Park Expansion.","The Superintendents and Resident Directors have continuously lived on the grounds at Mount Vernon. Harrison Dodge stayed on the second floor of the Office Dependency (now called the Servant's Hall), with his office on the ground floor. His family lived at their home in Georgetown and he often went home on the weekends. When the Administration Building (now the Frances P. Bolton Building) was constructed, he moved into quarters on the ground floor along with his assistant, James Young. A new residence was built in 1936 for Charles Cecil Wall after he had assumed the role of Assistant Superintendent, to accommodate him and his family. This house has remained the residence for each succeeding Resident Director or President, CEO, and has undergone multiple upgrades and renovations."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Name and date of item], The Papers of the Superintendent and Resident Director, [Series, Folder], Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, Fred W. Smith National Library for the Study of George Washington [hereafter Washington Library], Mount Vernon, Virginia. \nSee the Chicago Manual of Style for additional examples.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Name and date of item], The Papers of the Superintendent and Resident Director, [Series, Folder], Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, Fred W. Smith National Library for the Study of George Washington [hereafter Washington Library], Mount Vernon, Virginia. \nSee the Chicago Manual of Style for additional examples."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection was arranged following the organization in which the material was found. Previous re-foldering and alphabetical arrangement in filing cabinets had been done by former library staff to a large portion of the collection. All original folder titles were kept, although the meaning of some descriptors may be lost to the current audience – for example the sequence of \"P.R.\" folder titles in Series 4, Charles Wall's papers.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["This collection was arranged following the organization in which the material was found. Previous re-foldering and alphabetical arrangement in filing cabinets had been done by former library staff to a large portion of the collection. All original folder titles were kept, although the meaning of some descriptors may be lost to the current audience – for example the sequence of \"P.R.\" folder titles in Series 4, Charles Wall's papers."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e- Bound Volumes of Superintendent's Letters, Diaries, and Monthly Reports 1885-1976\n- Papers of James Rees\n- Financial Records of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\n- Papers of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\n- Publications of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\n- Audio Visual Collection\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["- Bound Volumes of Superintendent's Letters, Diaries, and Monthly Reports 1885-1976\n- Papers of James Rees\n- Financial Records of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\n- Papers of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\n- Publications of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\n- Audio Visual Collection"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection combines the papers and files of each Superintendent or Resident Director listed under \"Creators,\" as well as their office staff, assistants, and other Mount Vernon personnel. The bulk of this collection consists of correspondence to and from each Superintendent or Resident Director. Other types of material include reports, essays, memos, publications, clippings, official forms, logs or diaries of events, calendars, schedules, photographs, and ephemera. Subject matter includes a wide variety of topics and concerns for operating and maintaining an historic house. The Resident Directors oversaw almost all major projects and events around Mount Vernon such as building and grounds maintenance, restoration, fundraising, collection of historic artifacts, visitor engagement, and administrative functions. Dodge and Wall were both well known for their involvement in even the smallest details of the operation of Mount Vernon and this is reflected in the volume and scope of their files. Later Resident Directors began keeping chronological files which are also a great resource for understanding projects from specific years and periods of Mount Vernon's history. Both Charles Wall and John Castellani were employees of Mount Vernon before they were appointed Resident Director, and their files include material from previous job assignments. The majority of material reflects Charles Wall's tenure as Resident Director, the 1930s to 1970s, however, there is a substantial amount from the other directors as well. Several folders may extend into the term of James (Jim) Rees who served as Resident Director (later President) of Mount Vernon from 1994 to 2012. \nMost of the letters written by Superintendent Harrison Dodge were laminated or adhered to a tissue or paper backing, and bound together into a multiple volume set. These bound volumes, along with the original work diaries kept by Dodge, have been combined into a separate collection, the Bound Volumes of Superintendent's Letters, Diaries, and Monthly Reports. A finding aid for this collection is also available.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection combines the papers and files of each Superintendent or Resident Director listed under \"Creators,\" as well as their office staff, assistants, and other Mount Vernon personnel. The bulk of this collection consists of correspondence to and from each Superintendent or Resident Director. Other types of material include reports, essays, memos, publications, clippings, official forms, logs or diaries of events, calendars, schedules, photographs, and ephemera. Subject matter includes a wide variety of topics and concerns for operating and maintaining an historic house. The Resident Directors oversaw almost all major projects and events around Mount Vernon such as building and grounds maintenance, restoration, fundraising, collection of historic artifacts, visitor engagement, and administrative functions. Dodge and Wall were both well known for their involvement in even the smallest details of the operation of Mount Vernon and this is reflected in the volume and scope of their files. Later Resident Directors began keeping chronological files which are also a great resource for understanding projects from specific years and periods of Mount Vernon's history. Both Charles Wall and John Castellani were employees of Mount Vernon before they were appointed Resident Director, and their files include material from previous job assignments. The majority of material reflects Charles Wall's tenure as Resident Director, the 1930s to 1970s, however, there is a substantial amount from the other directors as well. Several folders may extend into the term of James (Jim) Rees who served as Resident Director (later President) of Mount Vernon from 1994 to 2012. \nMost of the letters written by Superintendent Harrison Dodge were laminated or adhered to a tissue or paper backing, and bound together into a multiple volume set. These bound volumes, along with the original work diaries kept by Dodge, have been combined into a separate collection, the Bound Volumes of Superintendent's Letters, Diaries, and Monthly Reports. A finding aid for this collection is also available."],"corpname_ssim":["Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Memphis (Tenn.). City Beautiful Commission"],"persname_ssim":["Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","Symmes, Harrison M., 1921-2010","Castellani, John A., 1944-1993","Harbour, John E.","Horstman, Neil W., 1946-2020","Dodge, Harrison Howell, 1852-1937","Philibert, Estelle","Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Bailey, Worth, 1908-1980","Thane, Elswyth, 1900-1984","Bolton, Frances Payne Bingham, 1885-1977","Cunningham, Ann Pamela, 1816-1875","Everett, Edward, 1794-1865","Roosevelt, Eleanor, 1884-1962","Richards, Alice Haliburton King, 1860-1936","Hanks, Mary Esther Vilas, 1873-1959","Heiberg, Harrison Howell Dodge, Jr., 1925-1990","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969","Harkness, Hope Hodgman Powel, 1889-1974","Young , James","Rouse, Harrison Dodge"],"names_ssim":["Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Memphis (Tenn.). City Beautiful Commission","Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","Symmes, Harrison M., 1921-2010","Castellani, John A., 1944-1993","Harbour, John E.","Horstman, Neil W., 1946-2020","Dodge, Harrison Howell, 1852-1937","Philibert, Estelle","Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Bailey, Worth, 1908-1980","Thane, Elswyth, 1900-1984","Bolton, Frances Payne Bingham, 1885-1977","Cunningham, Ann Pamela, 1816-1875","Everett, Edward, 1794-1865","Roosevelt, Eleanor, 1884-1962","Richards, Alice Haliburton King, 1860-1936","Hanks, Mary Esther Vilas, 1873-1959","Heiberg, Harrison Howell Dodge, Jr., 1925-1990","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969","Harkness, Hope Hodgman Powel, 1889-1974","Young , James","Rouse, Harrison Dodge"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2506,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:25:08.530Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_45"}},{"id":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_45_c01","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Series 1. 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Administrative Files, 1878/1996","Papers of the Superintendent and Resident Director, 1850/1996","Philibert, Estelle","Horstman, Neil W., 1946-2020","Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Bailey, Worth, 1908-1980","English.","Alphabetically by folder title, then chronologically."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Papers of the Superintendent and Resident Director, 1850/1996"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Papers of the Superintendent and Resident Director, 1850/1996"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1878/1996"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1878-1996"],"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":1,"repository_ssim":["The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon"],"collection_ssim":["Papers of the Superintendent and Resident Director, 1850/1996"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":190,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open to research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. According to the policies of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, certain records in the archives may only be available for research 30 years after creation or file date. The library reserves the right to restrict access to items for preservation purposes."],"persname_ssim":["Philibert, Estelle","Horstman, Neil W., 1946-2020","Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Bailey, Worth, 1908-1980"],"names_ssim":["Philibert, Estelle","Horstman, Neil W., 1946-2020","Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Bailey, Worth, 1908-1980"],"language_ssim":["English."],"date_range_isim":[1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlphabetically by folder title, then chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Alphabetically by folder title, then chronologically."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:25:08.530Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_45","ead_ssi":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_45","_root_":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_45","_nest_parent_":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_45","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/MV/repositories_2_resources_45.xml","title_ssm":["Papers of the Superintendent and Resident Director"],"title_tesim":["Papers of the Superintendent and Resident Director"],"unitdate_ssm":["1850-1996"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1850-1996"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1850/1996"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Papers of the Superintendent and Resident Director, 1850/1996"],"text":["Papers of the Superintendent and Resident Director, 1850/1996","A.SRD","/repositories/2/resources/45","This collection is open to research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. According to the policies of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, certain records in the archives may only be available for research 30 years after creation or file date. The library reserves the right to restrict access to items for preservation purposes.","This collection has been divided into 8 series. The first two series contain administrative and subject files that overlap through the terms of multiple Superintendents or Resident Directors. The next six series are in chronological order by service and are named for the corresponding man. Photographs and oversize material are filed at the end of the collection.","List of Series:\nSeries 1. Administrative Files\nSeries 2. Subject Files\nSeries 3. Harrison H. Dodge \nSeries 4. Charles C. Wall\nSeries 5. Harrison Symmes\nSeries 6. John A. Castellani\nSeries 7. John E. Harbour\nSeries 8. Neil W. Horstman","The position of Superintendent of Mount Vernon, also called \"Secretary\" in the earlier years of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, was created in 1860 when Colonel Upton Herbert was hired. A veteran of the Mexican War, Herbert was recommended by John Augustine Washington III as being especially suited to assisting the MVLA. Mr. Herbert and Sarah Tracy, Secretary to Ann Pamela Cunningham, were largely responsible for the care and maintenance of Mount Vernon during the Civil War when the Regent and most Vice Regents were unable to travel to the estate. When hiring a new Superintendent, J. McHenry Hollingsworth in 1872, the Council explained the responsibilities of the Superintendent more thoroughly saying he \"should act as general manager of the estate; that one of the most important features in the general instructions to be given him shall be, that he shall at all times consider the dignity and comfort of the Regent; that he shall always bear in mind the deep obligations of the Association to her; and that he has been appointed for the purpose of relieving her of the very arduous duties that are so oppressive to her; that he shall keep the accounts of expenditures and receipts, which are to be at all times open to the inspection of the Regent, Vice Regents, and Advisory Committee, with whom, in all matters of perplexity, he shall consult, and be guided by their decisions.\" His salary was to be $1500 per year.","After discovering decay in the foundations of the Mansion in 1885, the Vice Regents suspected negligence on the part of Hollingsworth. The Vice Regent from Georgia, Mrs. Eve questioned, \"Would it be too much to say that the first and greatest duty of the Superintendent is the preservation of the Mansion?\" The Council went on to pass a resolution stating that the duty of the Superintendent is to examine all parts of the Mansion and report defects to the Regent, and concluded that he should \"not at any time be ignorant of the state of the mansion.\" Harrison H. Dodge was hired later that year and remains the longest serving Superintendent (or equivalent) of Mount Vernon at 52 years. Mr. Dodge's priority was cleaning, restoring, and preserving the house and grounds. He was also particularly interested in fire safety, advocating for the installation of electricity in the Mansion to prevent any accidents from candlelight or kerosene lamps.","After Dodge's death in 1937, his assistant Charles C. Wall became the new Superintendent and later changed the position's title to Resident Director. Wall described the Superintendent's job in a book he coauthored with Gerald W. Johnson entitled Mount Vernon: The Story of a Shrine, saying the position required someone \"not exactly a farmer, yet a man acquainted with soils, seasons, and the proper handling of growing plants.\" He went on to say the director should have traits of a theatrical producer, an accountant, an antiquarian, a historian, and an ambassador, with some knowledge of engineering, carpentry, masonry, and domestic service. Wall also spent almost his entire career at Mount Vernon, retiring in 1976 after 43 years of employment at Mount Vernon. He is credited with impeccable hospitality of numerous VIP guests, overseeing major building and restoration projects, such as the reconstruction of the Greenhouse, and guiding the Estate through the years of World War II and other periods when visitation was down. He wrote extensively on George Washington and Mount Vernon, including several publications as well as internal reports and essays.","The next two decades saw four different but distinguished Directors who all brought their own gifts and talents to the position. Harrison Symmes replaced Charles Wall as Resident Director in January 1977. A World War II veteran, Symmes had also served as an Ambassador to Jordan and as President of Windham College in Vermont. Although he resigned in 1979 after only 2 ½ years in the position, he was credited by his Assistant Director, John A. Castellani, as someone who \"opened the doors to a new era of reevaluation, exploration, and change.\" Mr. Castellani succeeded Symmes as Resident Director and stayed in that role until 1984. His focus was largely on fundraising as he successfully guided Mount Vernon through a Capital Campaign effort to build a new administration and research facility on the grounds, the Ann Pamela Cunningham Building. John E. Harbour served in the position from 1984 to 1987 after several previous directorships at historic sites and museums. Harbour worked to improve research access to historic collections and update interpretation of museum exhibits. He helped implement a reorganization plan at Mount Vernon, creating a Research Department and expanding the roles of other departments including Education, Curatorial, Library, and Development. Harbour also wrote the \"Report on the Recommended Improvements to the Museum, Museum Annex and Outbuildings\" in 1986. Several major accomplishments marked the tenure of Neil W. Horstman, Resident Director from 1987 to 1994, including the Historic Structures Report, the first stages of the Pioneer Farm project, and the Piscataway Park Expansion.","The Superintendents and Resident Directors have continuously lived on the grounds at Mount Vernon. Harrison Dodge stayed on the second floor of the Office Dependency (now called the Servant's Hall), with his office on the ground floor. His family lived at their home in Georgetown and he often went home on the weekends. When the Administration Building (now the Frances P. Bolton Building) was constructed, he moved into quarters on the ground floor along with his assistant, James Young. A new residence was built in 1936 for Charles Cecil Wall after he had assumed the role of Assistant Superintendent, to accommodate him and his family. This house has remained the residence for each succeeding Resident Director or President, CEO, and has undergone multiple upgrades and renovations.","This collection was arranged following the organization in which the material was found. Previous re-foldering and alphabetical arrangement in filing cabinets had been done by former library staff to a large portion of the collection. All original folder titles were kept, although the meaning of some descriptors may be lost to the current audience – for example the sequence of \"P.R.\" folder titles in Series 4, Charles Wall's papers.","- Bound Volumes of Superintendent's Letters, Diaries, and Monthly Reports 1885-1976\n- Papers of James Rees\n- Financial Records of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\n- Papers of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\n- Publications of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\n- Audio Visual Collection","This collection combines the papers and files of each Superintendent or Resident Director listed under \"Creators,\" as well as their office staff, assistants, and other Mount Vernon personnel. The bulk of this collection consists of correspondence to and from each Superintendent or Resident Director. Other types of material include reports, essays, memos, publications, clippings, official forms, logs or diaries of events, calendars, schedules, photographs, and ephemera. Subject matter includes a wide variety of topics and concerns for operating and maintaining an historic house. The Resident Directors oversaw almost all major projects and events around Mount Vernon such as building and grounds maintenance, restoration, fundraising, collection of historic artifacts, visitor engagement, and administrative functions. Dodge and Wall were both well known for their involvement in even the smallest details of the operation of Mount Vernon and this is reflected in the volume and scope of their files. Later Resident Directors began keeping chronological files which are also a great resource for understanding projects from specific years and periods of Mount Vernon's history. Both Charles Wall and John Castellani were employees of Mount Vernon before they were appointed Resident Director, and their files include material from previous job assignments. The majority of material reflects Charles Wall's tenure as Resident Director, the 1930s to 1970s, however, there is a substantial amount from the other directors as well. Several folders may extend into the term of James (Jim) Rees who served as Resident Director (later President) of Mount Vernon from 1994 to 2012. \nMost of the letters written by Superintendent Harrison Dodge were laminated or adhered to a tissue or paper backing, and bound together into a multiple volume set. These bound volumes, along with the original work diaries kept by Dodge, have been combined into a separate collection, the Bound Volumes of Superintendent's Letters, Diaries, and Monthly Reports. A finding aid for this collection is also available.","Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Memphis (Tenn.). City Beautiful Commission","Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","Symmes, Harrison M., 1921-2010","Castellani, John A., 1944-1993","Harbour, John E.","Horstman, Neil W., 1946-2020","Dodge, Harrison Howell, 1852-1937","Philibert, Estelle","Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Bailey, Worth, 1908-1980","Thane, Elswyth, 1900-1984","Bolton, Frances Payne Bingham, 1885-1977","Cunningham, Ann Pamela, 1816-1875","Everett, Edward, 1794-1865","Roosevelt, Eleanor, 1884-1962","Richards, Alice Haliburton King, 1860-1936","Hanks, Mary Esther Vilas, 1873-1959","Heiberg, Harrison Howell Dodge, Jr., 1925-1990","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969","Harkness, Hope Hodgman Powel, 1889-1974","Young , James","Rouse, Harrison Dodge","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Papers of the Superintendent and Resident Director, 1850/1996"],"collection_ssim":["Papers of the Superintendent and Resident Director, 1850/1996"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A.SRD","/repositories/2/resources/45"],"unitid_tesim":["A.SRD","/repositories/2/resources/45"],"repository_ssm":["The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon"],"repository_ssim":["The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon"],"creator_ssm":["Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","Symmes, Harrison M., 1921-2010","Castellani, John A., 1944-1993","Harbour, John E.","Horstman, Neil W., 1946-2020","Dodge, Harrison Howell, 1852-1937"],"creator_ssim":["Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","Symmes, Harrison M., 1921-2010","Castellani, John A., 1944-1993","Harbour, John E.","Horstman, Neil W., 1946-2020","Dodge, Harrison Howell, 1852-1937"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","Symmes, Harrison M., 1921-2010","Castellani, John A., 1944-1993","Harbour, John E.","Horstman, Neil W., 1946-2020","Dodge, Harrison Howell, 1852-1937","Philibert, Estelle","Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Bailey, Worth, 1908-1980","Thane, Elswyth, 1900-1984","Bolton, Frances Payne Bingham, 1885-1977","Cunningham, Ann Pamela, 1816-1875","Everett, Edward, 1794-1865","Roosevelt, Eleanor, 1884-1962","Richards, Alice Haliburton King, 1860-1936","Hanks, Mary Esther Vilas, 1873-1959","Heiberg, Harrison Howell Dodge, Jr., 1925-1990","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969","Harkness, Hope Hodgman Powel, 1889-1974","Young , James","Rouse, Harrison Dodge"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Memphis (Tenn.). City Beautiful Commission"],"creators_ssim":["Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","Symmes, Harrison M., 1921-2010","Castellani, John A., 1944-1993","Harbour, John E.","Horstman, Neil W., 1946-2020","Dodge, Harrison Howell, 1852-1937","Philibert, Estelle","Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Bailey, Worth, 1908-1980","Thane, Elswyth, 1900-1984","Bolton, Frances Payne Bingham, 1885-1977","Cunningham, Ann Pamela, 1816-1875","Everett, Edward, 1794-1865","Roosevelt, Eleanor, 1884-1962","Richards, Alice Haliburton King, 1860-1936","Hanks, Mary Esther Vilas, 1873-1959","Heiberg, Harrison Howell Dodge, Jr., 1925-1990","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969","Harkness, Hope Hodgman Powel, 1889-1974","Young , James","Rouse, Harrison Dodge","Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Memphis (Tenn.). City Beautiful Commission"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["60 Linear Feet 52 cubic feet boxes, 5 full Hollinger boxes, 3 half Hollinger boxes, and 4 oversize manuscript boxes"],"extent_tesim":["60 Linear Feet 52 cubic feet boxes, 5 full Hollinger boxes, 3 half Hollinger boxes, and 4 oversize manuscript boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open to research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. According to the policies of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, certain records in the archives may only be available for research 30 years after creation or file date. The library reserves the right to restrict access to items for preservation purposes.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open to research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. According to the policies of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, certain records in the archives may only be available for research 30 years after creation or file date. The library reserves the right to restrict access to items for preservation purposes."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection has been divided into 8 series. The first two series contain administrative and subject files that overlap through the terms of multiple Superintendents or Resident Directors. The next six series are in chronological order by service and are named for the corresponding man. Photographs and oversize material are filed at the end of the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eList of Series:\nSeries 1. Administrative Files\nSeries 2. Subject Files\nSeries 3. Harrison H. Dodge \nSeries 4. Charles C. Wall\nSeries 5. Harrison Symmes\nSeries 6. John A. Castellani\nSeries 7. John E. Harbour\nSeries 8. Neil W. Horstman\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection has been divided into 8 series. The first two series contain administrative and subject files that overlap through the terms of multiple Superintendents or Resident Directors. The next six series are in chronological order by service and are named for the corresponding man. Photographs and oversize material are filed at the end of the collection.","List of Series:\nSeries 1. Administrative Files\nSeries 2. Subject Files\nSeries 3. Harrison H. Dodge \nSeries 4. Charles C. Wall\nSeries 5. Harrison Symmes\nSeries 6. John A. Castellani\nSeries 7. John E. Harbour\nSeries 8. Neil W. Horstman"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe position of Superintendent of Mount Vernon, also called \"Secretary\" in the earlier years of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, was created in 1860 when Colonel Upton Herbert was hired. A veteran of the Mexican War, Herbert was recommended by John Augustine Washington III as being especially suited to assisting the MVLA. Mr. Herbert and Sarah Tracy, Secretary to Ann Pamela Cunningham, were largely responsible for the care and maintenance of Mount Vernon during the Civil War when the Regent and most Vice Regents were unable to travel to the estate. When hiring a new Superintendent, J. McHenry Hollingsworth in 1872, the Council explained the responsibilities of the Superintendent more thoroughly saying he \"should act as general manager of the estate; that one of the most important features in the general instructions to be given him shall be, that he shall at all times consider the dignity and comfort of the Regent; that he shall always bear in mind the deep obligations of the Association to her; and that he has been appointed for the purpose of relieving her of the very arduous duties that are so oppressive to her; that he shall keep the accounts of expenditures and receipts, which are to be at all times open to the inspection of the Regent, Vice Regents, and Advisory Committee, with whom, in all matters of perplexity, he shall consult, and be guided by their decisions.\" His salary was to be $1500 per year. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter discovering decay in the foundations of the Mansion in 1885, the Vice Regents suspected negligence on the part of Hollingsworth. The Vice Regent from Georgia, Mrs. Eve questioned, \"Would it be too much to say that the first and greatest duty of the Superintendent is the preservation of the Mansion?\" The Council went on to pass a resolution stating that the duty of the Superintendent is to examine all parts of the Mansion and report defects to the Regent, and concluded that he should \"not at any time be ignorant of the state of the mansion.\" Harrison H. Dodge was hired later that year and remains the longest serving Superintendent (or equivalent) of Mount Vernon at 52 years. Mr. Dodge's priority was cleaning, restoring, and preserving the house and grounds. He was also particularly interested in fire safety, advocating for the installation of electricity in the Mansion to prevent any accidents from candlelight or kerosene lamps.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter Dodge's death in 1937, his assistant Charles C. Wall became the new Superintendent and later changed the position's title to Resident Director. Wall described the Superintendent's job in a book he coauthored with Gerald W. Johnson entitled Mount Vernon: The Story of a Shrine, saying the position required someone \"not exactly a farmer, yet a man acquainted with soils, seasons, and the proper handling of growing plants.\" He went on to say the director should have traits of a theatrical producer, an accountant, an antiquarian, a historian, and an ambassador, with some knowledge of engineering, carpentry, masonry, and domestic service. Wall also spent almost his entire career at Mount Vernon, retiring in 1976 after 43 years of employment at Mount Vernon. He is credited with impeccable hospitality of numerous VIP guests, overseeing major building and restoration projects, such as the reconstruction of the Greenhouse, and guiding the Estate through the years of World War II and other periods when visitation was down. He wrote extensively on George Washington and Mount Vernon, including several publications as well as internal reports and essays.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe next two decades saw four different but distinguished Directors who all brought their own gifts and talents to the position. Harrison Symmes replaced Charles Wall as Resident Director in January 1977. A World War II veteran, Symmes had also served as an Ambassador to Jordan and as President of Windham College in Vermont. Although he resigned in 1979 after only 2 ½ years in the position, he was credited by his Assistant Director, John A. Castellani, as someone who \"opened the doors to a new era of reevaluation, exploration, and change.\" Mr. Castellani succeeded Symmes as Resident Director and stayed in that role until 1984. His focus was largely on fundraising as he successfully guided Mount Vernon through a Capital Campaign effort to build a new administration and research facility on the grounds, the Ann Pamela Cunningham Building. John E. Harbour served in the position from 1984 to 1987 after several previous directorships at historic sites and museums. Harbour worked to improve research access to historic collections and update interpretation of museum exhibits. He helped implement a reorganization plan at Mount Vernon, creating a Research Department and expanding the roles of other departments including Education, Curatorial, Library, and Development. Harbour also wrote the \"Report on the Recommended Improvements to the Museum, Museum Annex and Outbuildings\" in 1986. Several major accomplishments marked the tenure of Neil W. Horstman, Resident Director from 1987 to 1994, including the Historic Structures Report, the first stages of the Pioneer Farm project, and the Piscataway Park Expansion.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Superintendents and Resident Directors have continuously lived on the grounds at Mount Vernon. Harrison Dodge stayed on the second floor of the Office Dependency (now called the Servant's Hall), with his office on the ground floor. His family lived at their home in Georgetown and he often went home on the weekends. When the Administration Building (now the Frances P. Bolton Building) was constructed, he moved into quarters on the ground floor along with his assistant, James Young. A new residence was built in 1936 for Charles Cecil Wall after he had assumed the role of Assistant Superintendent, to accommodate him and his family. This house has remained the residence for each succeeding Resident Director or President, CEO, and has undergone multiple upgrades and renovations.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The position of Superintendent of Mount Vernon, also called \"Secretary\" in the earlier years of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, was created in 1860 when Colonel Upton Herbert was hired. A veteran of the Mexican War, Herbert was recommended by John Augustine Washington III as being especially suited to assisting the MVLA. Mr. Herbert and Sarah Tracy, Secretary to Ann Pamela Cunningham, were largely responsible for the care and maintenance of Mount Vernon during the Civil War when the Regent and most Vice Regents were unable to travel to the estate. When hiring a new Superintendent, J. McHenry Hollingsworth in 1872, the Council explained the responsibilities of the Superintendent more thoroughly saying he \"should act as general manager of the estate; that one of the most important features in the general instructions to be given him shall be, that he shall at all times consider the dignity and comfort of the Regent; that he shall always bear in mind the deep obligations of the Association to her; and that he has been appointed for the purpose of relieving her of the very arduous duties that are so oppressive to her; that he shall keep the accounts of expenditures and receipts, which are to be at all times open to the inspection of the Regent, Vice Regents, and Advisory Committee, with whom, in all matters of perplexity, he shall consult, and be guided by their decisions.\" His salary was to be $1500 per year.","After discovering decay in the foundations of the Mansion in 1885, the Vice Regents suspected negligence on the part of Hollingsworth. The Vice Regent from Georgia, Mrs. Eve questioned, \"Would it be too much to say that the first and greatest duty of the Superintendent is the preservation of the Mansion?\" The Council went on to pass a resolution stating that the duty of the Superintendent is to examine all parts of the Mansion and report defects to the Regent, and concluded that he should \"not at any time be ignorant of the state of the mansion.\" Harrison H. Dodge was hired later that year and remains the longest serving Superintendent (or equivalent) of Mount Vernon at 52 years. Mr. Dodge's priority was cleaning, restoring, and preserving the house and grounds. He was also particularly interested in fire safety, advocating for the installation of electricity in the Mansion to prevent any accidents from candlelight or kerosene lamps.","After Dodge's death in 1937, his assistant Charles C. Wall became the new Superintendent and later changed the position's title to Resident Director. Wall described the Superintendent's job in a book he coauthored with Gerald W. Johnson entitled Mount Vernon: The Story of a Shrine, saying the position required someone \"not exactly a farmer, yet a man acquainted with soils, seasons, and the proper handling of growing plants.\" He went on to say the director should have traits of a theatrical producer, an accountant, an antiquarian, a historian, and an ambassador, with some knowledge of engineering, carpentry, masonry, and domestic service. Wall also spent almost his entire career at Mount Vernon, retiring in 1976 after 43 years of employment at Mount Vernon. He is credited with impeccable hospitality of numerous VIP guests, overseeing major building and restoration projects, such as the reconstruction of the Greenhouse, and guiding the Estate through the years of World War II and other periods when visitation was down. He wrote extensively on George Washington and Mount Vernon, including several publications as well as internal reports and essays.","The next two decades saw four different but distinguished Directors who all brought their own gifts and talents to the position. Harrison Symmes replaced Charles Wall as Resident Director in January 1977. A World War II veteran, Symmes had also served as an Ambassador to Jordan and as President of Windham College in Vermont. Although he resigned in 1979 after only 2 ½ years in the position, he was credited by his Assistant Director, John A. Castellani, as someone who \"opened the doors to a new era of reevaluation, exploration, and change.\" Mr. Castellani succeeded Symmes as Resident Director and stayed in that role until 1984. His focus was largely on fundraising as he successfully guided Mount Vernon through a Capital Campaign effort to build a new administration and research facility on the grounds, the Ann Pamela Cunningham Building. John E. Harbour served in the position from 1984 to 1987 after several previous directorships at historic sites and museums. Harbour worked to improve research access to historic collections and update interpretation of museum exhibits. He helped implement a reorganization plan at Mount Vernon, creating a Research Department and expanding the roles of other departments including Education, Curatorial, Library, and Development. Harbour also wrote the \"Report on the Recommended Improvements to the Museum, Museum Annex and Outbuildings\" in 1986. Several major accomplishments marked the tenure of Neil W. Horstman, Resident Director from 1987 to 1994, including the Historic Structures Report, the first stages of the Pioneer Farm project, and the Piscataway Park Expansion.","The Superintendents and Resident Directors have continuously lived on the grounds at Mount Vernon. Harrison Dodge stayed on the second floor of the Office Dependency (now called the Servant's Hall), with his office on the ground floor. His family lived at their home in Georgetown and he often went home on the weekends. When the Administration Building (now the Frances P. Bolton Building) was constructed, he moved into quarters on the ground floor along with his assistant, James Young. A new residence was built in 1936 for Charles Cecil Wall after he had assumed the role of Assistant Superintendent, to accommodate him and his family. This house has remained the residence for each succeeding Resident Director or President, CEO, and has undergone multiple upgrades and renovations."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Name and date of item], The Papers of the Superintendent and Resident Director, [Series, Folder], Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, Fred W. Smith National Library for the Study of George Washington [hereafter Washington Library], Mount Vernon, Virginia. \nSee the Chicago Manual of Style for additional examples.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Name and date of item], The Papers of the Superintendent and Resident Director, [Series, Folder], Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, Fred W. Smith National Library for the Study of George Washington [hereafter Washington Library], Mount Vernon, Virginia. \nSee the Chicago Manual of Style for additional examples."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection was arranged following the organization in which the material was found. Previous re-foldering and alphabetical arrangement in filing cabinets had been done by former library staff to a large portion of the collection. All original folder titles were kept, although the meaning of some descriptors may be lost to the current audience – for example the sequence of \"P.R.\" folder titles in Series 4, Charles Wall's papers.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["This collection was arranged following the organization in which the material was found. Previous re-foldering and alphabetical arrangement in filing cabinets had been done by former library staff to a large portion of the collection. All original folder titles were kept, although the meaning of some descriptors may be lost to the current audience – for example the sequence of \"P.R.\" folder titles in Series 4, Charles Wall's papers."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e- Bound Volumes of Superintendent's Letters, Diaries, and Monthly Reports 1885-1976\n- Papers of James Rees\n- Financial Records of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\n- Papers of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\n- Publications of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\n- Audio Visual Collection\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["- Bound Volumes of Superintendent's Letters, Diaries, and Monthly Reports 1885-1976\n- Papers of James Rees\n- Financial Records of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\n- Papers of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\n- Publications of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\n- Audio Visual Collection"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection combines the papers and files of each Superintendent or Resident Director listed under \"Creators,\" as well as their office staff, assistants, and other Mount Vernon personnel. The bulk of this collection consists of correspondence to and from each Superintendent or Resident Director. Other types of material include reports, essays, memos, publications, clippings, official forms, logs or diaries of events, calendars, schedules, photographs, and ephemera. Subject matter includes a wide variety of topics and concerns for operating and maintaining an historic house. The Resident Directors oversaw almost all major projects and events around Mount Vernon such as building and grounds maintenance, restoration, fundraising, collection of historic artifacts, visitor engagement, and administrative functions. Dodge and Wall were both well known for their involvement in even the smallest details of the operation of Mount Vernon and this is reflected in the volume and scope of their files. Later Resident Directors began keeping chronological files which are also a great resource for understanding projects from specific years and periods of Mount Vernon's history. Both Charles Wall and John Castellani were employees of Mount Vernon before they were appointed Resident Director, and their files include material from previous job assignments. The majority of material reflects Charles Wall's tenure as Resident Director, the 1930s to 1970s, however, there is a substantial amount from the other directors as well. Several folders may extend into the term of James (Jim) Rees who served as Resident Director (later President) of Mount Vernon from 1994 to 2012. \nMost of the letters written by Superintendent Harrison Dodge were laminated or adhered to a tissue or paper backing, and bound together into a multiple volume set. These bound volumes, along with the original work diaries kept by Dodge, have been combined into a separate collection, the Bound Volumes of Superintendent's Letters, Diaries, and Monthly Reports. A finding aid for this collection is also available.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection combines the papers and files of each Superintendent or Resident Director listed under \"Creators,\" as well as their office staff, assistants, and other Mount Vernon personnel. The bulk of this collection consists of correspondence to and from each Superintendent or Resident Director. Other types of material include reports, essays, memos, publications, clippings, official forms, logs or diaries of events, calendars, schedules, photographs, and ephemera. Subject matter includes a wide variety of topics and concerns for operating and maintaining an historic house. The Resident Directors oversaw almost all major projects and events around Mount Vernon such as building and grounds maintenance, restoration, fundraising, collection of historic artifacts, visitor engagement, and administrative functions. Dodge and Wall were both well known for their involvement in even the smallest details of the operation of Mount Vernon and this is reflected in the volume and scope of their files. Later Resident Directors began keeping chronological files which are also a great resource for understanding projects from specific years and periods of Mount Vernon's history. Both Charles Wall and John Castellani were employees of Mount Vernon before they were appointed Resident Director, and their files include material from previous job assignments. The majority of material reflects Charles Wall's tenure as Resident Director, the 1930s to 1970s, however, there is a substantial amount from the other directors as well. Several folders may extend into the term of James (Jim) Rees who served as Resident Director (later President) of Mount Vernon from 1994 to 2012. \nMost of the letters written by Superintendent Harrison Dodge were laminated or adhered to a tissue or paper backing, and bound together into a multiple volume set. These bound volumes, along with the original work diaries kept by Dodge, have been combined into a separate collection, the Bound Volumes of Superintendent's Letters, Diaries, and Monthly Reports. A finding aid for this collection is also available."],"corpname_ssim":["Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Memphis (Tenn.). City Beautiful Commission"],"persname_ssim":["Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","Symmes, Harrison M., 1921-2010","Castellani, John A., 1944-1993","Harbour, John E.","Horstman, Neil W., 1946-2020","Dodge, Harrison Howell, 1852-1937","Philibert, Estelle","Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Bailey, Worth, 1908-1980","Thane, Elswyth, 1900-1984","Bolton, Frances Payne Bingham, 1885-1977","Cunningham, Ann Pamela, 1816-1875","Everett, Edward, 1794-1865","Roosevelt, Eleanor, 1884-1962","Richards, Alice Haliburton King, 1860-1936","Hanks, Mary Esther Vilas, 1873-1959","Heiberg, Harrison Howell Dodge, Jr., 1925-1990","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969","Harkness, Hope Hodgman Powel, 1889-1974","Young , James","Rouse, Harrison Dodge"],"names_ssim":["Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Memphis (Tenn.). City Beautiful Commission","Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","Symmes, Harrison M., 1921-2010","Castellani, John A., 1944-1993","Harbour, John E.","Horstman, Neil W., 1946-2020","Dodge, Harrison Howell, 1852-1937","Philibert, Estelle","Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Bailey, Worth, 1908-1980","Thane, Elswyth, 1900-1984","Bolton, Frances Payne Bingham, 1885-1977","Cunningham, Ann Pamela, 1816-1875","Everett, Edward, 1794-1865","Roosevelt, Eleanor, 1884-1962","Richards, Alice Haliburton King, 1860-1936","Hanks, Mary Esther Vilas, 1873-1959","Heiberg, Harrison Howell Dodge, Jr., 1925-1990","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969","Harkness, Hope Hodgman Powel, 1889-1974","Young , James","Rouse, Harrison Dodge"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2506,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:25:08.530Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_45_c01"}},{"id":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2_c05","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Series 5. Biographical Information, 1602/1962","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2_c05#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eWilliams was committed to researching and chronicling the lives and activities at Mount Vernon, and Series 5 reflects this commitment. This section contains the majority of background research conducted by the Research and Restoration Department during Williams's time at Mount Vernon. Included in this series are numerous excerpts from primary resources such as diaries, letters, and ledgers that Williams found at various repositories, including the Library of Congress and the Harvard Library. Series 5 also holds written works on such subject matter as architecture, gardening, and material culture.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2_c05#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2_c05","ref_ssm":["vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2_c05"],"id":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2_c05","ead_ssi":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2","_root_":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2","_nest_parent_":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2","parent_ssi":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2","parent_ssim":["Morley Jeffers Williams Collection, 1602/1967"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2"],"title_filing_ssi":"Series 5. Biographical Information","title_ssm":["Series 5. Biographical Information"],"title_tesim":["Series 5. Biographical Information"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Series 5. Biographical Information, 1602/1962"],"text":["Series 5. Biographical Information, 1602/1962","Morley Jeffers Williams Collection, 1602/1967","Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","English.","Williams was committed to researching and chronicling the lives and activities at Mount Vernon, and Series 5 reflects this commitment.  This section contains the majority of background research conducted by the Research and Restoration Department during Williams's time at Mount Vernon.  Included in this series are numerous excerpts from primary resources such as diaries, letters, and ledgers that Williams found at various repositories, including the Library of Congress and the Harvard Library.  Series 5 also holds written works on such subject matter as architecture, gardening, and material culture."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Morley Jeffers Williams Collection, 1602/1967"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Morley Jeffers Williams Collection, 1602/1967"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1602/1962"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1602-1962"],"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":165,"repository_ssim":["The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon"],"collection_ssim":["Morley Jeffers Williams Collection, 1602/1967"],"creator_ssim":["Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":30,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open to research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. The library reserves the right to restrict access to items for preservation purposes."],"persname_ssim":["Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977"],"names_ssim":["Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977"],"language_ssim":["English."],"date_range_isim":[1602,1603,1604,1605,1606,1607,1608,1609,1610,1611,1612,1613,1614,1615,1616,1617,1618,1619,1620,1621,1622,1623,1624,1625,1626,1627,1628,1629,1630,1631,1632,1633,1634,1635,1636,1637,1638,1639,1640,1641,1642,1643,1644,1645,1646,1647,1648,1649,1650,1651,1652,1653,1654,1655,1656,1657,1658,1659,1660,1661,1662,1663,1664,1665,1666,1667,1668,1669,1670,1671,1672,1673,1674,1675,1676,1677,1678,1679,1680,1681,1682,1683,1684,1685,1686,1687,1688,1689,1690,1691,1692,1693,1694,1695,1696,1697,1698,1699,1700,1701,1702,1703,1704,1705,1706,1707,1708,1709,1710,1711,1712,1713,1714,1715,1716,1717,1718,1719,1720,1721,1722,1723,1724,1725,1726,1727,1728,1729,1730,1731,1732,1733,1734,1735,1736,1737,1738,1739,1740,1741,1742,1743,1744,1745,1746,1747,1748,1749,1750,1751,1752,1753,1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWilliams was committed to researching and chronicling the lives and activities at Mount Vernon, and Series 5 reflects this commitment.  This section contains the majority of background research conducted by the Research and Restoration Department during Williams's time at Mount Vernon.  Included in this series are numerous excerpts from primary resources such as diaries, letters, and ledgers that Williams found at various repositories, including the Library of Congress and the Harvard Library.  Series 5 also holds written works on such subject matter as architecture, gardening, and material culture.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Williams was committed to researching and chronicling the lives and activities at Mount Vernon, and Series 5 reflects this commitment.  This section contains the majority of background research conducted by the Research and Restoration Department during Williams's time at Mount Vernon.  Included in this series are numerous excerpts from primary resources such as diaries, letters, and ledgers that Williams found at various repositories, including the Library of Congress and the Harvard Library.  Series 5 also holds written works on such subject matter as architecture, gardening, and material culture."],"_nest_path_":"/components#4","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:25:04.240Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2","ead_ssi":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2","_root_":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2","_nest_parent_":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/MV/repositories_2_resources_2.xml","title_ssm":["Morley Jeffers Williams Collection"],"title_tesim":["Morley Jeffers Williams Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1602-1967"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1602-1967"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1602/1967"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Morley Jeffers Williams Collection, 1602/1967"],"text":["Morley Jeffers Williams Collection, 1602/1967","A.MJW","/repositories/2/resources/2","This collection is open to research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. The library reserves the right to restrict access to items for preservation purposes.","Materials in each series have been arranged alphabetically and according to subject matter.","List of Series:\nSeries 1: Structures, 1676 – 1938\nSub-Series 1.1: Buildings and Structures\nSub-Series 1.2: Mansion\n  \tI. General\n   \tII. Exterior\n \tIII. Interior\nSeries 2: Landscape, 1737 – 1939\nSub-Series 2.1: Gardens\nSub-Series 2.2: Grounds\nSub-Series 2.3: Walls \u0026 Gates\nSeries 3: Farming \u0026 Life at Mount Vernon, 1713 – 1925 \nSeries 4: Other Historic Sites, 1730 – 1937\nSeries 5: Biographical Information, 1602 – 1962\nSub-Series 5.1: Biographies\nSub-Series 5.2: Bibliographies \u0026 Written Works\nSub-Series 5.3: Chronologies\nSub-Series 5.4: Writings to/from George Washington\nSeries 6: Architecture and Archaeology \nSub-Series 6.1: Maps \u0026 Drawings\nSub-Series 6.2: Surveys\nSeries 7: Ephemera, 1758 - 1938\nSub-Series 7.1: Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\nSub-Series 7.2: Reports\nSub-Series 7.3: Images","Morley Jeffers Williams was born in Tillsonburg, Ontario, Canada on August 1, 1886.  In 1910, twenty-four-year-old Williams attended the engineering school at the University of Toronto for training as a civil engineer.  Over the next eleven years, Williams used his engineering degree to work in various construction and agricultural positions such as bridge construction inspector for the Canadian Pacific Railroad and farm overseer.  After earning a second degree in horticulture from the Ontario Agricultural College in Guelph, Ontario, Williams became an instructor and student at the Harvard University School of Design.","During a successful academic career in which he was awarded several grants and appointed an assistant professor at Harvard School of Design, Williams began to visit historic sites and make topographic surveys for his own research.  He became involved with restoration projects at various sites, and in 1931 the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association (MVLA) contracted Williams to prepare topographic drawings of Mount Vernon for the bicentennial of George Washington's birth.  After Williams completed his work at Mount Vernon, he continued to study the architectural and archaeological elements of George Washington's estate, in addition to his other projects and responsibilities.  In spring 1935, the MVLA again contracted Williams; his task was to restore the Kitchen Garden.  By the following winter, the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association hired Williams to be the Director of the new Research and Restoration Department.","During his time as Director of Research and Restoration, Williams uncovered and assisted in the reconstruction and/or restoration of several original structures on-site including the Kitchen Garden, Deer Park Wall, and two Ha-Ha Walls.  Williams also helped improve the historic integrity within the Mansion, as he both researched 18th-century material culture and used artifacts found during excavations to ensure the objects placed in the mansion and other site buildings were historically accurate for Mount Vernon.  Under Williams's supervision, the Department of Research and Restoration eventually expanded to oversee the restoration of the Mansion, Tomb, and Gardens, and the development of the Library.  \nIn May 1939, the board of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association decided to discontinue both the Department of Research and Restoration and Williams's position as department head.  Soon thereafter, Williams left Mount Vernon and began his own business conducting architectural and archaeological research.","Throughout the duration of his life, Morley Williams worked at various other historic sites including Tryon Palace in North Carolina.  He became a professor of landscape architecture at the North Carolina State College (now University) School of Design, and was later appointed chair of the Landscape Architecture Department.  In early 1977, Williams returned to Mount Vernon with his family for a visit and was well received. Approximately 10 months later, Morley Williams died of congestive heart failure.","Morley Williams was a pioneer of rigorous and scholarly study of Mount Vernon, especially on the evolution of the estate landscape.  As Director of the Research and Restoration Department, Williams used an interdisciplinary approach to research and restoration, by combining landscape architecture, history, historic preservation, and archaeology.  Much of the current understanding of Mount Vernon's history is based upon the findings of Morley Williams.  To this day, Morley Jeffers Williams's work continues to be an immeasurable asset to the restoration efforts at Mount Vernon.","Chronology:","The following is a more in-depth timeline charting the life and accomplishments of Morley Jeffers Williams.","August 1, 1886 – Born in Tillsenburg, Ontario, Canada.","1910-1911 – Attended the engineering school at the University of Toronto for training as a civil engineer.","1911 – Hired as a bridge construction inspector by the Canadian Pacific Railroad.","1912 – Hired as bridge construction inspector and the acting engineer of bridge site surveys by the Montreal-Port Arthur District of the Canadian Northern Railway.  Eventually promoted to resident engineer in charge of roadbed grading and track-laying.","1914 – Resigned from his job and relocated to Kingsville, Ontario.  Became the co-owner of a grain elevator and cultivated three hundred acres of land with seed grades of corn, small grains, and grasses.","1922 – Began managing Vincent Massey's farm; some responsibilities included consulting about the buildings and presentations of other private farms.","1925: Earned a horticulture degree from the Ontario Agricultural College in Guelph, Ontario.","1927 – Became a student and instructor at Harvard School of Design.","1928 – Earned an MLA (landscape architecture) in city planning at Harvard University's School of Design.","1929 – Received the Sheldon Traveling Fellowship and studied landscape design in Europe and North Africa.","1930 – Became an assistant professor at Harvard School of Design.","March 1931 – Awarded a grant from the Clark Fund for Research in Landscape Design at Harvard to study \"American Landscape Design as Exemplified by the Plantation Estates of Maryland and Virginia, 1750 to 1860.\"","May 1931 – Visited various historic plantations, including Gunston Hall and Woodlawn, creating topographic surveys.","July 1931 – Contracted to prepare topographic drawings of Mount Vernon for the bicentennial of George Washington's birth.","Summer 1932 – Hired to complete Arthur Shurcliff's research and excavations at Stratford Hall.  Identified many original structures and sketched architectural restoration plans for the east garden at Stratford Hall.  Received a second grant from the Clark Fund, which allowed him to further his research on Virginia and Maryland plantations, including Monticello.","Summer 1933 – Supervised the restoration of the east garden at Stratford Hall.","Summer 1934 – Received funding from the Emergency Relief Administration of Massachusetts to restore God's Acre in Harvard Square, an old burial ground. Upon finishing this restoration project, Williams continued his architectural and archaeological assessment of the grounds at Mount Vernon.","May 1935 – Contracted to restore the Kitchen Garden at Mount Vernon under the supervision of Mrs. Horace Brown, the Vice-Regent for Vermont.","Summer 1935 – Continued to oversee the restoration of the Kitchen Garden at Mount Vernon.  He was also contracted to assess the history of White House landscaping in light of possible changes to design.","Winter 1935 – Hired by Mount Vernon as the Director of Research and Restoration.","Spring 1936 – Taught during spring semester at Harvard, then resigned his professorship in order to focus his efforts at Mount Vernon. Williams helped to rebuild and/or restore several original structures on-site including the Kitchen Garden and Deer Park Wall.  He used artifacts found during excavations such as door hinges and other hardware to model replicas for the newly restored buildings.  Williams also uncovered various original structures including two Ha-Ha walls and a cross-wall underlying the Bowling Green, which were previously unknown to the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association.","1937 – Concerned with preserving the historic integrity of the site, Williams pointed out items and structures he deemed inaccurate such as various walkways and coaches.  As Director of the Department of Research and Restoration, Williams also focused on accessing primary documentation for research, as well as acquiring objects for Mount Vernon's collections.","1938 - Contracted Frances Benjamin Johnston to make photographic studies as a supplement to his measured drawings.  Her photographs were combined with an article written by Williams in the January 1938 edition of Landscape Architecture and the February issue of American Architect and Architecture.  Williams also assigned employees within the Department of Research and Restoration to research various collections located at the Library of Congress that he believed would help to maintain the historic integrity at Mount Vernon as restoration efforts continued.","1939 – Under Williams's supervision, the Department of Research and Restoration grew to oversee the research and restoration of the Mansion, Tomb, Gardens, Grounds, and Outbuildings, as well as the development of the Library.","May 16, 1939 – Board of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association voted to dismantle the Department of Research and Restoration as of June 1, 1939.","Summer 1939 – Williams ended his association with Mount Vernon after the dissolution of the Department of Research and Restoration and began his own business conducting architectural and archaeological research.","1940 – 1941 – Researched 18th-century manuscripts and newspapers in several prominent repositories, including the Library of Congress.","1941-1947 – Morley Williams and his wife, Nathalia Williams, managed their own business for architectural and archaeological research.","1947 – Hired as a professor of landscape architecture by the North Carolina State College (now University) School of Design.","1948 – Appointed chair of the landscape architecture department at the North Carolina State College (now University) School of Design.","1952 –1960 (ca.) - Contracted to restore Tryon Palace, a pre-Revolutionary governor's mansion in North Carolina.  Oversaw archaeological excavations that exposed the original foundation of the governor's mansion, as well as uncovered other structural aspects of the site such as water sources and outbuildings.  Since no garden plots were discovered, Williams drew plans for formal gardens authentic to the time period Tryon Palace was first constructed.  During the excavations and restoration, Williams salvaged many artifacts, which he never fully identified and/or processed.  This later became a point of contention between Williams and the benefactors of Tryon Palace.","1961 – Returned to Harvard as a lecturer for landscape architecture.","December 1961 – Settled accounts with Tryon Palace by returning all artifacts to the Tryon Palace Commission.","1962-1977 – Williams and his wife continued to restore historic sites and landscapes for the remainder of his life.","February 1977 – At ninety-one, Williams returned with his family to Mount Vernon for a visit, and was well received by Regent Mrs. John H. Guy, Jr., Director Charles Cecil Wall, and others.","December 1, 1977 – Morley Jeffers Williams died of congestive heart failure.","Papers of the MVLA\nPapers of the Superintendent and Resident Director\nMeasured drawings (architectural drawings)\nRestoration Files of the Historic Structures Report","The collection consists of correspondence, reports, surveys, newspaper clippings, biographies and other written works, bibliographies, excerpts from diaries, letters, inventories and ledgers, various types of architectural and archaeological drawings, maps, and images documenting the work and research conducted during Morley Jeffers Williams's tenure at George Washington's Mount Vernon.  Williams compiled the majority of the documents and images found in this collection between 1931 and 1939; however, the information contained within these records dates from 1602 to 1967.  \nThe bulk of the collection consists of numerous architectural and archaeological drawings detailing past and contemporary views of George Washington's estate; furthermore, there are several drawings depicting possible future renovations to Mount Vernon.  This collection also contains a large amount of scholarly research pertaining to George Washington, Mount Vernon, and 18th-century life and culture.  This information provides an in-depth understanding of George Washington's life, particularly concerning his interactions with his estate.  Other documentation charts the efforts of Morley Jeffers Williams as he worked to restore the structures and landscape at Mount Vernon.","Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Johnston, Frances Benjamin, 1864-1952","Ulman, Nathalia","Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Morley Jeffers Williams Collection, 1602/1967"],"collection_ssim":["Morley Jeffers Williams Collection, 1602/1967"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A.MJW","/repositories/2/resources/2"],"unitid_tesim":["A.MJW","/repositories/2/resources/2"],"repository_ssm":["The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon"],"repository_ssim":["The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon"],"creator_ssm":["Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977"],"creator_ssim":["Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Johnston, Frances Benjamin, 1864-1952","Ulman, Nathalia","Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association"],"creators_ssim":["Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Johnston, Frances Benjamin, 1864-1952","Ulman, Nathalia","Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["4.62 Linear Feet 11 Hollinger boxes"],"extent_tesim":["4.62 Linear Feet 11 Hollinger boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1602,1603,1604,1605,1606,1607,1608,1609,1610,1611,1612,1613,1614,1615,1616,1617,1618,1619,1620,1621,1622,1623,1624,1625,1626,1627,1628,1629,1630,1631,1632,1633,1634,1635,1636,1637,1638,1639,1640,1641,1642,1643,1644,1645,1646,1647,1648,1649,1650,1651,1652,1653,1654,1655,1656,1657,1658,1659,1660,1661,1662,1663,1664,1665,1666,1667,1668,1669,1670,1671,1672,1673,1674,1675,1676,1677,1678,1679,1680,1681,1682,1683,1684,1685,1686,1687,1688,1689,1690,1691,1692,1693,1694,1695,1696,1697,1698,1699,1700,1701,1702,1703,1704,1705,1706,1707,1708,1709,1710,1711,1712,1713,1714,1715,1716,1717,1718,1719,1720,1721,1722,1723,1724,1725,1726,1727,1728,1729,1730,1731,1732,1733,1734,1735,1736,1737,1738,1739,1740,1741,1742,1743,1744,1745,1746,1747,1748,1749,1750,1751,1752,1753,1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open to research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. The library reserves the right to restrict access to items for preservation purposes.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open to research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. The library reserves the right to restrict access to items for preservation purposes."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in each series have been arranged alphabetically and according to subject matter. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eList of Series:\nSeries 1: Structures, 1676 – 1938\nSub-Series 1.1: Buildings and Structures\nSub-Series 1.2: Mansion\n  \tI. General\n   \tII. Exterior\n \tIII. Interior\nSeries 2: Landscape, 1737 – 1939\nSub-Series 2.1: Gardens\nSub-Series 2.2: Grounds\nSub-Series 2.3: Walls \u0026amp; Gates\nSeries 3: Farming \u0026amp; Life at Mount Vernon, 1713 – 1925 \nSeries 4: Other Historic Sites, 1730 – 1937\nSeries 5: Biographical Information, 1602 – 1962\nSub-Series 5.1: Biographies\nSub-Series 5.2: Bibliographies \u0026amp; Written Works\nSub-Series 5.3: Chronologies\nSub-Series 5.4: Writings to/from George Washington\nSeries 6: Architecture and Archaeology \nSub-Series 6.1: Maps \u0026amp; Drawings\nSub-Series 6.2: Surveys\nSeries 7: Ephemera, 1758 - 1938\nSub-Series 7.1: Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\nSub-Series 7.2: Reports\nSub-Series 7.3: Images\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Materials in each series have been arranged alphabetically and according to subject matter.","List of Series:\nSeries 1: Structures, 1676 – 1938\nSub-Series 1.1: Buildings and Structures\nSub-Series 1.2: Mansion\n  \tI. General\n   \tII. Exterior\n \tIII. Interior\nSeries 2: Landscape, 1737 – 1939\nSub-Series 2.1: Gardens\nSub-Series 2.2: Grounds\nSub-Series 2.3: Walls \u0026 Gates\nSeries 3: Farming \u0026 Life at Mount Vernon, 1713 – 1925 \nSeries 4: Other Historic Sites, 1730 – 1937\nSeries 5: Biographical Information, 1602 – 1962\nSub-Series 5.1: Biographies\nSub-Series 5.2: Bibliographies \u0026 Written Works\nSub-Series 5.3: Chronologies\nSub-Series 5.4: Writings to/from George Washington\nSeries 6: Architecture and Archaeology \nSub-Series 6.1: Maps \u0026 Drawings\nSub-Series 6.2: Surveys\nSeries 7: Ephemera, 1758 - 1938\nSub-Series 7.1: Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\nSub-Series 7.2: Reports\nSub-Series 7.3: Images"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMorley Jeffers Williams was born in Tillsonburg, Ontario, Canada on August 1, 1886.  In 1910, twenty-four-year-old Williams attended the engineering school at the University of Toronto for training as a civil engineer.  Over the next eleven years, Williams used his engineering degree to work in various construction and agricultural positions such as bridge construction inspector for the Canadian Pacific Railroad and farm overseer.  After earning a second degree in horticulture from the Ontario Agricultural College in Guelph, Ontario, Williams became an instructor and student at the Harvard University School of Design.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring a successful academic career in which he was awarded several grants and appointed an assistant professor at Harvard School of Design, Williams began to visit historic sites and make topographic surveys for his own research.  He became involved with restoration projects at various sites, and in 1931 the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association (MVLA) contracted Williams to prepare topographic drawings of Mount Vernon for the bicentennial of George Washington's birth.  After Williams completed his work at Mount Vernon, he continued to study the architectural and archaeological elements of George Washington's estate, in addition to his other projects and responsibilities.  In spring 1935, the MVLA again contracted Williams; his task was to restore the Kitchen Garden.  By the following winter, the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association hired Williams to be the Director of the new Research and Restoration Department.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring his time as Director of Research and Restoration, Williams uncovered and assisted in the reconstruction and/or restoration of several original structures on-site including the Kitchen Garden, Deer Park Wall, and two Ha-Ha Walls.  Williams also helped improve the historic integrity within the Mansion, as he both researched 18th-century material culture and used artifacts found during excavations to ensure the objects placed in the mansion and other site buildings were historically accurate for Mount Vernon.  Under Williams's supervision, the Department of Research and Restoration eventually expanded to oversee the restoration of the Mansion, Tomb, and Gardens, and the development of the Library.  \nIn May 1939, the board of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association decided to discontinue both the Department of Research and Restoration and Williams's position as department head.  Soon thereafter, Williams left Mount Vernon and began his own business conducting architectural and archaeological research. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThroughout the duration of his life, Morley Williams worked at various other historic sites including Tryon Palace in North Carolina.  He became a professor of landscape architecture at the North Carolina State College (now University) School of Design, and was later appointed chair of the Landscape Architecture Department.  In early 1977, Williams returned to Mount Vernon with his family for a visit and was well received. Approximately 10 months later, Morley Williams died of congestive heart failure.     \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMorley Williams was a pioneer of rigorous and scholarly study of Mount Vernon, especially on the evolution of the estate landscape.  As Director of the Research and Restoration Department, Williams used an interdisciplinary approach to research and restoration, by combining landscape architecture, history, historic preservation, and archaeology.  Much of the current understanding of Mount Vernon's history is based upon the findings of Morley Williams.  To this day, Morley Jeffers Williams's work continues to be an immeasurable asset to the restoration efforts at Mount Vernon.   \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChronology:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe following is a more in-depth timeline charting the life and accomplishments of Morley Jeffers Williams. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 1, 1886 – Born in Tillsenburg, Ontario, Canada.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1910-1911 – Attended the engineering school at the University of Toronto for training as a civil engineer.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1911 – Hired as a bridge construction inspector by the Canadian Pacific Railroad.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1912 – Hired as bridge construction inspector and the acting engineer of bridge site surveys by the Montreal-Port Arthur District of the Canadian Northern Railway.  Eventually promoted to resident engineer in charge of roadbed grading and track-laying.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1914 – Resigned from his job and relocated to Kingsville, Ontario.  Became the co-owner of a grain elevator and cultivated three hundred acres of land with seed grades of corn, small grains, and grasses.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1922 – Began managing Vincent Massey's farm; some responsibilities included consulting about the buildings and presentations of other private farms.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1925: Earned a horticulture degree from the Ontario Agricultural College in Guelph, Ontario.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1927 – Became a student and instructor at Harvard School of Design.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1928 – Earned an MLA (landscape architecture) in city planning at Harvard University's School of Design.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1929 – Received the Sheldon Traveling Fellowship and studied landscape design in Europe and North Africa.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1930 – Became an assistant professor at Harvard School of Design.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 1931 – Awarded a grant from the Clark Fund for Research in Landscape Design at Harvard to study \"American Landscape Design as Exemplified by the Plantation Estates of Maryland and Virginia, 1750 to 1860.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 1931 – Visited various historic plantations, including Gunston Hall and Woodlawn, creating topographic surveys.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 1931 – Contracted to prepare topographic drawings of Mount Vernon for the bicentennial of George Washington's birth.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSummer 1932 – Hired to complete Arthur Shurcliff's research and excavations at Stratford Hall.  Identified many original structures and sketched architectural restoration plans for the east garden at Stratford Hall.  Received a second grant from the Clark Fund, which allowed him to further his research on Virginia and Maryland plantations, including Monticello.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSummer 1933 – Supervised the restoration of the east garden at Stratford Hall.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSummer 1934 – Received funding from the Emergency Relief Administration of Massachusetts to restore God's Acre in Harvard Square, an old burial ground. Upon finishing this restoration project, Williams continued his architectural and archaeological assessment of the grounds at Mount Vernon.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 1935 – Contracted to restore the Kitchen Garden at Mount Vernon under the supervision of Mrs. Horace Brown, the Vice-Regent for Vermont.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSummer 1935 – Continued to oversee the restoration of the Kitchen Garden at Mount Vernon.  He was also contracted to assess the history of White House landscaping in light of possible changes to design.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWinter 1935 – Hired by Mount Vernon as the Director of Research and Restoration.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSpring 1936 – Taught during spring semester at Harvard, then resigned his professorship in order to focus his efforts at Mount Vernon. Williams helped to rebuild and/or restore several original structures on-site including the Kitchen Garden and Deer Park Wall.  He used artifacts found during excavations such as door hinges and other hardware to model replicas for the newly restored buildings.  Williams also uncovered various original structures including two Ha-Ha walls and a cross-wall underlying the Bowling Green, which were previously unknown to the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1937 – Concerned with preserving the historic integrity of the site, Williams pointed out items and structures he deemed inaccurate such as various walkways and coaches.  As Director of the Department of Research and Restoration, Williams also focused on accessing primary documentation for research, as well as acquiring objects for Mount Vernon's collections.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1938 - Contracted Frances Benjamin Johnston to make photographic studies as a supplement to his measured drawings.  Her photographs were combined with an article written by Williams in the January 1938 edition of Landscape Architecture and the February issue of American Architect and Architecture.  Williams also assigned employees within the Department of Research and Restoration to research various collections located at the Library of Congress that he believed would help to maintain the historic integrity at Mount Vernon as restoration efforts continued.    \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1939 – Under Williams's supervision, the Department of Research and Restoration grew to oversee the research and restoration of the Mansion, Tomb, Gardens, Grounds, and Outbuildings, as well as the development of the Library.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 16, 1939 – Board of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association voted to dismantle the Department of Research and Restoration as of June 1, 1939.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSummer 1939 – Williams ended his association with Mount Vernon after the dissolution of the Department of Research and Restoration and began his own business conducting architectural and archaeological research.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1940 – 1941 – Researched 18th-century manuscripts and newspapers in several prominent repositories, including the Library of Congress. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1941-1947 – Morley Williams and his wife, Nathalia Williams, managed their own business for architectural and archaeological research.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1947 – Hired as a professor of landscape architecture by the North Carolina State College (now University) School of Design.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1948 – Appointed chair of the landscape architecture department at the North Carolina State College (now University) School of Design.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1952 –1960 (ca.) - Contracted to restore Tryon Palace, a pre-Revolutionary governor's mansion in North Carolina.  Oversaw archaeological excavations that exposed the original foundation of the governor's mansion, as well as uncovered other structural aspects of the site such as water sources and outbuildings.  Since no garden plots were discovered, Williams drew plans for formal gardens authentic to the time period Tryon Palace was first constructed.  During the excavations and restoration, Williams salvaged many artifacts, which he never fully identified and/or processed.  This later became a point of contention between Williams and the benefactors of Tryon Palace.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1961 – Returned to Harvard as a lecturer for landscape architecture.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 1961 – Settled accounts with Tryon Palace by returning all artifacts to the Tryon Palace Commission.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1962-1977 – Williams and his wife continued to restore historic sites and landscapes for the remainder of his life.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 1977 – At ninety-one, Williams returned with his family to Mount Vernon for a visit, and was well received by Regent Mrs. John H. Guy, Jr., Director Charles Cecil Wall, and others.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 1, 1977 – Morley Jeffers Williams died of congestive heart failure.     \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Morley Jeffers Williams was born in Tillsonburg, Ontario, Canada on August 1, 1886.  In 1910, twenty-four-year-old Williams attended the engineering school at the University of Toronto for training as a civil engineer.  Over the next eleven years, Williams used his engineering degree to work in various construction and agricultural positions such as bridge construction inspector for the Canadian Pacific Railroad and farm overseer.  After earning a second degree in horticulture from the Ontario Agricultural College in Guelph, Ontario, Williams became an instructor and student at the Harvard University School of Design.","During a successful academic career in which he was awarded several grants and appointed an assistant professor at Harvard School of Design, Williams began to visit historic sites and make topographic surveys for his own research.  He became involved with restoration projects at various sites, and in 1931 the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association (MVLA) contracted Williams to prepare topographic drawings of Mount Vernon for the bicentennial of George Washington's birth.  After Williams completed his work at Mount Vernon, he continued to study the architectural and archaeological elements of George Washington's estate, in addition to his other projects and responsibilities.  In spring 1935, the MVLA again contracted Williams; his task was to restore the Kitchen Garden.  By the following winter, the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association hired Williams to be the Director of the new Research and Restoration Department.","During his time as Director of Research and Restoration, Williams uncovered and assisted in the reconstruction and/or restoration of several original structures on-site including the Kitchen Garden, Deer Park Wall, and two Ha-Ha Walls.  Williams also helped improve the historic integrity within the Mansion, as he both researched 18th-century material culture and used artifacts found during excavations to ensure the objects placed in the mansion and other site buildings were historically accurate for Mount Vernon.  Under Williams's supervision, the Department of Research and Restoration eventually expanded to oversee the restoration of the Mansion, Tomb, and Gardens, and the development of the Library.  \nIn May 1939, the board of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association decided to discontinue both the Department of Research and Restoration and Williams's position as department head.  Soon thereafter, Williams left Mount Vernon and began his own business conducting architectural and archaeological research.","Throughout the duration of his life, Morley Williams worked at various other historic sites including Tryon Palace in North Carolina.  He became a professor of landscape architecture at the North Carolina State College (now University) School of Design, and was later appointed chair of the Landscape Architecture Department.  In early 1977, Williams returned to Mount Vernon with his family for a visit and was well received. Approximately 10 months later, Morley Williams died of congestive heart failure.","Morley Williams was a pioneer of rigorous and scholarly study of Mount Vernon, especially on the evolution of the estate landscape.  As Director of the Research and Restoration Department, Williams used an interdisciplinary approach to research and restoration, by combining landscape architecture, history, historic preservation, and archaeology.  Much of the current understanding of Mount Vernon's history is based upon the findings of Morley Williams.  To this day, Morley Jeffers Williams's work continues to be an immeasurable asset to the restoration efforts at Mount Vernon.","Chronology:","The following is a more in-depth timeline charting the life and accomplishments of Morley Jeffers Williams.","August 1, 1886 – Born in Tillsenburg, Ontario, Canada.","1910-1911 – Attended the engineering school at the University of Toronto for training as a civil engineer.","1911 – Hired as a bridge construction inspector by the Canadian Pacific Railroad.","1912 – Hired as bridge construction inspector and the acting engineer of bridge site surveys by the Montreal-Port Arthur District of the Canadian Northern Railway.  Eventually promoted to resident engineer in charge of roadbed grading and track-laying.","1914 – Resigned from his job and relocated to Kingsville, Ontario.  Became the co-owner of a grain elevator and cultivated three hundred acres of land with seed grades of corn, small grains, and grasses.","1922 – Began managing Vincent Massey's farm; some responsibilities included consulting about the buildings and presentations of other private farms.","1925: Earned a horticulture degree from the Ontario Agricultural College in Guelph, Ontario.","1927 – Became a student and instructor at Harvard School of Design.","1928 – Earned an MLA (landscape architecture) in city planning at Harvard University's School of Design.","1929 – Received the Sheldon Traveling Fellowship and studied landscape design in Europe and North Africa.","1930 – Became an assistant professor at Harvard School of Design.","March 1931 – Awarded a grant from the Clark Fund for Research in Landscape Design at Harvard to study \"American Landscape Design as Exemplified by the Plantation Estates of Maryland and Virginia, 1750 to 1860.\"","May 1931 – Visited various historic plantations, including Gunston Hall and Woodlawn, creating topographic surveys.","July 1931 – Contracted to prepare topographic drawings of Mount Vernon for the bicentennial of George Washington's birth.","Summer 1932 – Hired to complete Arthur Shurcliff's research and excavations at Stratford Hall.  Identified many original structures and sketched architectural restoration plans for the east garden at Stratford Hall.  Received a second grant from the Clark Fund, which allowed him to further his research on Virginia and Maryland plantations, including Monticello.","Summer 1933 – Supervised the restoration of the east garden at Stratford Hall.","Summer 1934 – Received funding from the Emergency Relief Administration of Massachusetts to restore God's Acre in Harvard Square, an old burial ground. Upon finishing this restoration project, Williams continued his architectural and archaeological assessment of the grounds at Mount Vernon.","May 1935 – Contracted to restore the Kitchen Garden at Mount Vernon under the supervision of Mrs. Horace Brown, the Vice-Regent for Vermont.","Summer 1935 – Continued to oversee the restoration of the Kitchen Garden at Mount Vernon.  He was also contracted to assess the history of White House landscaping in light of possible changes to design.","Winter 1935 – Hired by Mount Vernon as the Director of Research and Restoration.","Spring 1936 – Taught during spring semester at Harvard, then resigned his professorship in order to focus his efforts at Mount Vernon. Williams helped to rebuild and/or restore several original structures on-site including the Kitchen Garden and Deer Park Wall.  He used artifacts found during excavations such as door hinges and other hardware to model replicas for the newly restored buildings.  Williams also uncovered various original structures including two Ha-Ha walls and a cross-wall underlying the Bowling Green, which were previously unknown to the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association.","1937 – Concerned with preserving the historic integrity of the site, Williams pointed out items and structures he deemed inaccurate such as various walkways and coaches.  As Director of the Department of Research and Restoration, Williams also focused on accessing primary documentation for research, as well as acquiring objects for Mount Vernon's collections.","1938 - Contracted Frances Benjamin Johnston to make photographic studies as a supplement to his measured drawings.  Her photographs were combined with an article written by Williams in the January 1938 edition of Landscape Architecture and the February issue of American Architect and Architecture.  Williams also assigned employees within the Department of Research and Restoration to research various collections located at the Library of Congress that he believed would help to maintain the historic integrity at Mount Vernon as restoration efforts continued.","1939 – Under Williams's supervision, the Department of Research and Restoration grew to oversee the research and restoration of the Mansion, Tomb, Gardens, Grounds, and Outbuildings, as well as the development of the Library.","May 16, 1939 – Board of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association voted to dismantle the Department of Research and Restoration as of June 1, 1939.","Summer 1939 – Williams ended his association with Mount Vernon after the dissolution of the Department of Research and Restoration and began his own business conducting architectural and archaeological research.","1940 – 1941 – Researched 18th-century manuscripts and newspapers in several prominent repositories, including the Library of Congress.","1941-1947 – Morley Williams and his wife, Nathalia Williams, managed their own business for architectural and archaeological research.","1947 – Hired as a professor of landscape architecture by the North Carolina State College (now University) School of Design.","1948 – Appointed chair of the landscape architecture department at the North Carolina State College (now University) School of Design.","1952 –1960 (ca.) - Contracted to restore Tryon Palace, a pre-Revolutionary governor's mansion in North Carolina.  Oversaw archaeological excavations that exposed the original foundation of the governor's mansion, as well as uncovered other structural aspects of the site such as water sources and outbuildings.  Since no garden plots were discovered, Williams drew plans for formal gardens authentic to the time period Tryon Palace was first constructed.  During the excavations and restoration, Williams salvaged many artifacts, which he never fully identified and/or processed.  This later became a point of contention between Williams and the benefactors of Tryon Palace.","1961 – Returned to Harvard as a lecturer for landscape architecture.","December 1961 – Settled accounts with Tryon Palace by returning all artifacts to the Tryon Palace Commission.","1962-1977 – Williams and his wife continued to restore historic sites and landscapes for the remainder of his life.","February 1977 – At ninety-one, Williams returned with his family to Mount Vernon for a visit, and was well received by Regent Mrs. John H. Guy, Jr., Director Charles Cecil Wall, and others.","December 1, 1977 – Morley Jeffers Williams died of congestive heart failure."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Name and date of item], The Morley Jeffers Williams Collection, [Series, Folder], Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, Fred W. Smith National Library for the Study of George Washington [hereafter Washington Library], Mount Vernon, Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee the Chicago Manual of Style for additional examples. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Name and date of item], The Morley Jeffers Williams Collection, [Series, Folder], Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, Fred W. Smith National Library for the Study of George Washington [hereafter Washington Library], Mount Vernon, Virginia","See the Chicago Manual of Style for additional examples."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers of the MVLA\nPapers of the Superintendent and Resident Director\nMeasured drawings (architectural drawings)\nRestoration Files of the Historic Structures Report\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Papers of the MVLA\nPapers of the Superintendent and Resident Director\nMeasured drawings (architectural drawings)\nRestoration Files of the Historic Structures Report"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of correspondence, reports, surveys, newspaper clippings, biographies and other written works, bibliographies, excerpts from diaries, letters, inventories and ledgers, various types of architectural and archaeological drawings, maps, and images documenting the work and research conducted during Morley Jeffers Williams's tenure at George Washington's Mount Vernon.  Williams compiled the majority of the documents and images found in this collection between 1931 and 1939; however, the information contained within these records dates from 1602 to 1967.  \nThe bulk of the collection consists of numerous architectural and archaeological drawings detailing past and contemporary views of George Washington's estate; furthermore, there are several drawings depicting possible future renovations to Mount Vernon.  This collection also contains a large amount of scholarly research pertaining to George Washington, Mount Vernon, and 18th-century life and culture.  This information provides an in-depth understanding of George Washington's life, particularly concerning his interactions with his estate.  Other documentation charts the efforts of Morley Jeffers Williams as he worked to restore the structures and landscape at Mount Vernon.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of correspondence, reports, surveys, newspaper clippings, biographies and other written works, bibliographies, excerpts from diaries, letters, inventories and ledgers, various types of architectural and archaeological drawings, maps, and images documenting the work and research conducted during Morley Jeffers Williams's tenure at George Washington's Mount Vernon.  Williams compiled the majority of the documents and images found in this collection between 1931 and 1939; however, the information contained within these records dates from 1602 to 1967.  \nThe bulk of the collection consists of numerous architectural and archaeological drawings detailing past and contemporary views of George Washington's estate; furthermore, there are several drawings depicting possible future renovations to Mount Vernon.  This collection also contains a large amount of scholarly research pertaining to George Washington, Mount Vernon, and 18th-century life and culture.  This information provides an in-depth understanding of George Washington's life, particularly concerning his interactions with his estate.  Other documentation charts the efforts of Morley Jeffers Williams as he worked to restore the structures and landscape at Mount Vernon."],"corpname_ssim":["Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association"],"persname_ssim":["Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Johnston, Frances Benjamin, 1864-1952","Ulman, Nathalia","Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995"],"names_ssim":["Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Johnston, Frances Benjamin, 1864-1952","Ulman, Nathalia","Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":317,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:25:04.240Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2_c05"}},{"id":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2_c06","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Series 6. Architecture \u0026 Archaeology, 1736/1967","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2_c06#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eSimilar to Series 1, this section contains documents, images, and structural drawings that reflect either the historic appearance of the Mount Vernon Estate or architectural elements that Williams intended to add and/or reconstruct. Series 6 holds various architectural and archaeological plans, as well as historic and contemporary surveys taken of Mount Vernon and the surrounding areas.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2_c06#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2_c06","ref_ssm":["vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2_c06"],"id":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2_c06","ead_ssi":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2","_root_":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2","_nest_parent_":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2","parent_ssi":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2","parent_ssim":["Morley Jeffers Williams Collection, 1602/1967"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2"],"title_filing_ssi":"Series 6. Architecture \u0026 Archaeology","title_ssm":["Series 6. Architecture \u0026 Archaeology"],"title_tesim":["Series 6. Architecture \u0026 Archaeology"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Series 6. Architecture \u0026 Archaeology, 1736/1967"],"text":["Series 6. Architecture \u0026 Archaeology, 1736/1967","Morley Jeffers Williams Collection, 1602/1967","Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Ulman, Nathalia","Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","English.","Similar to Series 1, this section contains documents, images, and structural drawings that reflect either the historic appearance of the Mount Vernon Estate or architectural elements that Williams intended to add and/or reconstruct.  Series 6 holds various architectural and archaeological plans, as well as historic and contemporary surveys taken of Mount Vernon and the surrounding areas."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Morley Jeffers Williams Collection, 1602/1967"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Morley Jeffers Williams Collection, 1602/1967"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1736/1967"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1736-1967"],"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":250,"repository_ssim":["The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon"],"collection_ssim":["Morley Jeffers Williams Collection, 1602/1967"],"creator_ssim":["Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":2,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open to research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. The library reserves the right to restrict access to items for preservation purposes."],"persname_ssim":["Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Ulman, Nathalia","Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995"],"names_ssim":["Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Ulman, Nathalia","Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995"],"language_ssim":["English."],"date_range_isim":[1736,1737,1738,1739,1740,1741,1742,1743,1744,1745,1746,1747,1748,1749,1750,1751,1752,1753,1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSimilar to Series 1, this section contains documents, images, and structural drawings that reflect either the historic appearance of the Mount Vernon Estate or architectural elements that Williams intended to add and/or reconstruct.  Series 6 holds various architectural and archaeological plans, as well as historic and contemporary surveys taken of Mount Vernon and the surrounding areas.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Similar to Series 1, this section contains documents, images, and structural drawings that reflect either the historic appearance of the Mount Vernon Estate or architectural elements that Williams intended to add and/or reconstruct.  Series 6 holds various architectural and archaeological plans, as well as historic and contemporary surveys taken of Mount Vernon and the surrounding areas."],"_nest_path_":"/components#5","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:25:04.240Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2","ead_ssi":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2","_root_":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2","_nest_parent_":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/MV/repositories_2_resources_2.xml","title_ssm":["Morley Jeffers Williams Collection"],"title_tesim":["Morley Jeffers Williams Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1602-1967"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1602-1967"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1602/1967"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Morley Jeffers Williams Collection, 1602/1967"],"text":["Morley Jeffers Williams Collection, 1602/1967","A.MJW","/repositories/2/resources/2","This collection is open to research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. The library reserves the right to restrict access to items for preservation purposes.","Materials in each series have been arranged alphabetically and according to subject matter.","List of Series:\nSeries 1: Structures, 1676 – 1938\nSub-Series 1.1: Buildings and Structures\nSub-Series 1.2: Mansion\n  \tI. General\n   \tII. Exterior\n \tIII. Interior\nSeries 2: Landscape, 1737 – 1939\nSub-Series 2.1: Gardens\nSub-Series 2.2: Grounds\nSub-Series 2.3: Walls \u0026 Gates\nSeries 3: Farming \u0026 Life at Mount Vernon, 1713 – 1925 \nSeries 4: Other Historic Sites, 1730 – 1937\nSeries 5: Biographical Information, 1602 – 1962\nSub-Series 5.1: Biographies\nSub-Series 5.2: Bibliographies \u0026 Written Works\nSub-Series 5.3: Chronologies\nSub-Series 5.4: Writings to/from George Washington\nSeries 6: Architecture and Archaeology \nSub-Series 6.1: Maps \u0026 Drawings\nSub-Series 6.2: Surveys\nSeries 7: Ephemera, 1758 - 1938\nSub-Series 7.1: Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\nSub-Series 7.2: Reports\nSub-Series 7.3: Images","Morley Jeffers Williams was born in Tillsonburg, Ontario, Canada on August 1, 1886.  In 1910, twenty-four-year-old Williams attended the engineering school at the University of Toronto for training as a civil engineer.  Over the next eleven years, Williams used his engineering degree to work in various construction and agricultural positions such as bridge construction inspector for the Canadian Pacific Railroad and farm overseer.  After earning a second degree in horticulture from the Ontario Agricultural College in Guelph, Ontario, Williams became an instructor and student at the Harvard University School of Design.","During a successful academic career in which he was awarded several grants and appointed an assistant professor at Harvard School of Design, Williams began to visit historic sites and make topographic surveys for his own research.  He became involved with restoration projects at various sites, and in 1931 the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association (MVLA) contracted Williams to prepare topographic drawings of Mount Vernon for the bicentennial of George Washington's birth.  After Williams completed his work at Mount Vernon, he continued to study the architectural and archaeological elements of George Washington's estate, in addition to his other projects and responsibilities.  In spring 1935, the MVLA again contracted Williams; his task was to restore the Kitchen Garden.  By the following winter, the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association hired Williams to be the Director of the new Research and Restoration Department.","During his time as Director of Research and Restoration, Williams uncovered and assisted in the reconstruction and/or restoration of several original structures on-site including the Kitchen Garden, Deer Park Wall, and two Ha-Ha Walls.  Williams also helped improve the historic integrity within the Mansion, as he both researched 18th-century material culture and used artifacts found during excavations to ensure the objects placed in the mansion and other site buildings were historically accurate for Mount Vernon.  Under Williams's supervision, the Department of Research and Restoration eventually expanded to oversee the restoration of the Mansion, Tomb, and Gardens, and the development of the Library.  \nIn May 1939, the board of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association decided to discontinue both the Department of Research and Restoration and Williams's position as department head.  Soon thereafter, Williams left Mount Vernon and began his own business conducting architectural and archaeological research.","Throughout the duration of his life, Morley Williams worked at various other historic sites including Tryon Palace in North Carolina.  He became a professor of landscape architecture at the North Carolina State College (now University) School of Design, and was later appointed chair of the Landscape Architecture Department.  In early 1977, Williams returned to Mount Vernon with his family for a visit and was well received. Approximately 10 months later, Morley Williams died of congestive heart failure.","Morley Williams was a pioneer of rigorous and scholarly study of Mount Vernon, especially on the evolution of the estate landscape.  As Director of the Research and Restoration Department, Williams used an interdisciplinary approach to research and restoration, by combining landscape architecture, history, historic preservation, and archaeology.  Much of the current understanding of Mount Vernon's history is based upon the findings of Morley Williams.  To this day, Morley Jeffers Williams's work continues to be an immeasurable asset to the restoration efforts at Mount Vernon.","Chronology:","The following is a more in-depth timeline charting the life and accomplishments of Morley Jeffers Williams.","August 1, 1886 – Born in Tillsenburg, Ontario, Canada.","1910-1911 – Attended the engineering school at the University of Toronto for training as a civil engineer.","1911 – Hired as a bridge construction inspector by the Canadian Pacific Railroad.","1912 – Hired as bridge construction inspector and the acting engineer of bridge site surveys by the Montreal-Port Arthur District of the Canadian Northern Railway.  Eventually promoted to resident engineer in charge of roadbed grading and track-laying.","1914 – Resigned from his job and relocated to Kingsville, Ontario.  Became the co-owner of a grain elevator and cultivated three hundred acres of land with seed grades of corn, small grains, and grasses.","1922 – Began managing Vincent Massey's farm; some responsibilities included consulting about the buildings and presentations of other private farms.","1925: Earned a horticulture degree from the Ontario Agricultural College in Guelph, Ontario.","1927 – Became a student and instructor at Harvard School of Design.","1928 – Earned an MLA (landscape architecture) in city planning at Harvard University's School of Design.","1929 – Received the Sheldon Traveling Fellowship and studied landscape design in Europe and North Africa.","1930 – Became an assistant professor at Harvard School of Design.","March 1931 – Awarded a grant from the Clark Fund for Research in Landscape Design at Harvard to study \"American Landscape Design as Exemplified by the Plantation Estates of Maryland and Virginia, 1750 to 1860.\"","May 1931 – Visited various historic plantations, including Gunston Hall and Woodlawn, creating topographic surveys.","July 1931 – Contracted to prepare topographic drawings of Mount Vernon for the bicentennial of George Washington's birth.","Summer 1932 – Hired to complete Arthur Shurcliff's research and excavations at Stratford Hall.  Identified many original structures and sketched architectural restoration plans for the east garden at Stratford Hall.  Received a second grant from the Clark Fund, which allowed him to further his research on Virginia and Maryland plantations, including Monticello.","Summer 1933 – Supervised the restoration of the east garden at Stratford Hall.","Summer 1934 – Received funding from the Emergency Relief Administration of Massachusetts to restore God's Acre in Harvard Square, an old burial ground. Upon finishing this restoration project, Williams continued his architectural and archaeological assessment of the grounds at Mount Vernon.","May 1935 – Contracted to restore the Kitchen Garden at Mount Vernon under the supervision of Mrs. Horace Brown, the Vice-Regent for Vermont.","Summer 1935 – Continued to oversee the restoration of the Kitchen Garden at Mount Vernon.  He was also contracted to assess the history of White House landscaping in light of possible changes to design.","Winter 1935 – Hired by Mount Vernon as the Director of Research and Restoration.","Spring 1936 – Taught during spring semester at Harvard, then resigned his professorship in order to focus his efforts at Mount Vernon. Williams helped to rebuild and/or restore several original structures on-site including the Kitchen Garden and Deer Park Wall.  He used artifacts found during excavations such as door hinges and other hardware to model replicas for the newly restored buildings.  Williams also uncovered various original structures including two Ha-Ha walls and a cross-wall underlying the Bowling Green, which were previously unknown to the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association.","1937 – Concerned with preserving the historic integrity of the site, Williams pointed out items and structures he deemed inaccurate such as various walkways and coaches.  As Director of the Department of Research and Restoration, Williams also focused on accessing primary documentation for research, as well as acquiring objects for Mount Vernon's collections.","1938 - Contracted Frances Benjamin Johnston to make photographic studies as a supplement to his measured drawings.  Her photographs were combined with an article written by Williams in the January 1938 edition of Landscape Architecture and the February issue of American Architect and Architecture.  Williams also assigned employees within the Department of Research and Restoration to research various collections located at the Library of Congress that he believed would help to maintain the historic integrity at Mount Vernon as restoration efforts continued.","1939 – Under Williams's supervision, the Department of Research and Restoration grew to oversee the research and restoration of the Mansion, Tomb, Gardens, Grounds, and Outbuildings, as well as the development of the Library.","May 16, 1939 – Board of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association voted to dismantle the Department of Research and Restoration as of June 1, 1939.","Summer 1939 – Williams ended his association with Mount Vernon after the dissolution of the Department of Research and Restoration and began his own business conducting architectural and archaeological research.","1940 – 1941 – Researched 18th-century manuscripts and newspapers in several prominent repositories, including the Library of Congress.","1941-1947 – Morley Williams and his wife, Nathalia Williams, managed their own business for architectural and archaeological research.","1947 – Hired as a professor of landscape architecture by the North Carolina State College (now University) School of Design.","1948 – Appointed chair of the landscape architecture department at the North Carolina State College (now University) School of Design.","1952 –1960 (ca.) - Contracted to restore Tryon Palace, a pre-Revolutionary governor's mansion in North Carolina.  Oversaw archaeological excavations that exposed the original foundation of the governor's mansion, as well as uncovered other structural aspects of the site such as water sources and outbuildings.  Since no garden plots were discovered, Williams drew plans for formal gardens authentic to the time period Tryon Palace was first constructed.  During the excavations and restoration, Williams salvaged many artifacts, which he never fully identified and/or processed.  This later became a point of contention between Williams and the benefactors of Tryon Palace.","1961 – Returned to Harvard as a lecturer for landscape architecture.","December 1961 – Settled accounts with Tryon Palace by returning all artifacts to the Tryon Palace Commission.","1962-1977 – Williams and his wife continued to restore historic sites and landscapes for the remainder of his life.","February 1977 – At ninety-one, Williams returned with his family to Mount Vernon for a visit, and was well received by Regent Mrs. John H. Guy, Jr., Director Charles Cecil Wall, and others.","December 1, 1977 – Morley Jeffers Williams died of congestive heart failure.","Papers of the MVLA\nPapers of the Superintendent and Resident Director\nMeasured drawings (architectural drawings)\nRestoration Files of the Historic Structures Report","The collection consists of correspondence, reports, surveys, newspaper clippings, biographies and other written works, bibliographies, excerpts from diaries, letters, inventories and ledgers, various types of architectural and archaeological drawings, maps, and images documenting the work and research conducted during Morley Jeffers Williams's tenure at George Washington's Mount Vernon.  Williams compiled the majority of the documents and images found in this collection between 1931 and 1939; however, the information contained within these records dates from 1602 to 1967.  \nThe bulk of the collection consists of numerous architectural and archaeological drawings detailing past and contemporary views of George Washington's estate; furthermore, there are several drawings depicting possible future renovations to Mount Vernon.  This collection also contains a large amount of scholarly research pertaining to George Washington, Mount Vernon, and 18th-century life and culture.  This information provides an in-depth understanding of George Washington's life, particularly concerning his interactions with his estate.  Other documentation charts the efforts of Morley Jeffers Williams as he worked to restore the structures and landscape at Mount Vernon.","Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Johnston, Frances Benjamin, 1864-1952","Ulman, Nathalia","Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Morley Jeffers Williams Collection, 1602/1967"],"collection_ssim":["Morley Jeffers Williams Collection, 1602/1967"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A.MJW","/repositories/2/resources/2"],"unitid_tesim":["A.MJW","/repositories/2/resources/2"],"repository_ssm":["The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon"],"repository_ssim":["The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon"],"creator_ssm":["Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977"],"creator_ssim":["Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Johnston, Frances Benjamin, 1864-1952","Ulman, Nathalia","Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association"],"creators_ssim":["Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Johnston, Frances Benjamin, 1864-1952","Ulman, Nathalia","Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["4.62 Linear Feet 11 Hollinger boxes"],"extent_tesim":["4.62 Linear Feet 11 Hollinger boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1602,1603,1604,1605,1606,1607,1608,1609,1610,1611,1612,1613,1614,1615,1616,1617,1618,1619,1620,1621,1622,1623,1624,1625,1626,1627,1628,1629,1630,1631,1632,1633,1634,1635,1636,1637,1638,1639,1640,1641,1642,1643,1644,1645,1646,1647,1648,1649,1650,1651,1652,1653,1654,1655,1656,1657,1658,1659,1660,1661,1662,1663,1664,1665,1666,1667,1668,1669,1670,1671,1672,1673,1674,1675,1676,1677,1678,1679,1680,1681,1682,1683,1684,1685,1686,1687,1688,1689,1690,1691,1692,1693,1694,1695,1696,1697,1698,1699,1700,1701,1702,1703,1704,1705,1706,1707,1708,1709,1710,1711,1712,1713,1714,1715,1716,1717,1718,1719,1720,1721,1722,1723,1724,1725,1726,1727,1728,1729,1730,1731,1732,1733,1734,1735,1736,1737,1738,1739,1740,1741,1742,1743,1744,1745,1746,1747,1748,1749,1750,1751,1752,1753,1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open to research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. The library reserves the right to restrict access to items for preservation purposes.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open to research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. The library reserves the right to restrict access to items for preservation purposes."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in each series have been arranged alphabetically and according to subject matter. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eList of Series:\nSeries 1: Structures, 1676 – 1938\nSub-Series 1.1: Buildings and Structures\nSub-Series 1.2: Mansion\n  \tI. General\n   \tII. Exterior\n \tIII. Interior\nSeries 2: Landscape, 1737 – 1939\nSub-Series 2.1: Gardens\nSub-Series 2.2: Grounds\nSub-Series 2.3: Walls \u0026amp; Gates\nSeries 3: Farming \u0026amp; Life at Mount Vernon, 1713 – 1925 \nSeries 4: Other Historic Sites, 1730 – 1937\nSeries 5: Biographical Information, 1602 – 1962\nSub-Series 5.1: Biographies\nSub-Series 5.2: Bibliographies \u0026amp; Written Works\nSub-Series 5.3: Chronologies\nSub-Series 5.4: Writings to/from George Washington\nSeries 6: Architecture and Archaeology \nSub-Series 6.1: Maps \u0026amp; Drawings\nSub-Series 6.2: Surveys\nSeries 7: Ephemera, 1758 - 1938\nSub-Series 7.1: Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\nSub-Series 7.2: Reports\nSub-Series 7.3: Images\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Materials in each series have been arranged alphabetically and according to subject matter.","List of Series:\nSeries 1: Structures, 1676 – 1938\nSub-Series 1.1: Buildings and Structures\nSub-Series 1.2: Mansion\n  \tI. General\n   \tII. Exterior\n \tIII. Interior\nSeries 2: Landscape, 1737 – 1939\nSub-Series 2.1: Gardens\nSub-Series 2.2: Grounds\nSub-Series 2.3: Walls \u0026 Gates\nSeries 3: Farming \u0026 Life at Mount Vernon, 1713 – 1925 \nSeries 4: Other Historic Sites, 1730 – 1937\nSeries 5: Biographical Information, 1602 – 1962\nSub-Series 5.1: Biographies\nSub-Series 5.2: Bibliographies \u0026 Written Works\nSub-Series 5.3: Chronologies\nSub-Series 5.4: Writings to/from George Washington\nSeries 6: Architecture and Archaeology \nSub-Series 6.1: Maps \u0026 Drawings\nSub-Series 6.2: Surveys\nSeries 7: Ephemera, 1758 - 1938\nSub-Series 7.1: Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\nSub-Series 7.2: Reports\nSub-Series 7.3: Images"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMorley Jeffers Williams was born in Tillsonburg, Ontario, Canada on August 1, 1886.  In 1910, twenty-four-year-old Williams attended the engineering school at the University of Toronto for training as a civil engineer.  Over the next eleven years, Williams used his engineering degree to work in various construction and agricultural positions such as bridge construction inspector for the Canadian Pacific Railroad and farm overseer.  After earning a second degree in horticulture from the Ontario Agricultural College in Guelph, Ontario, Williams became an instructor and student at the Harvard University School of Design.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring a successful academic career in which he was awarded several grants and appointed an assistant professor at Harvard School of Design, Williams began to visit historic sites and make topographic surveys for his own research.  He became involved with restoration projects at various sites, and in 1931 the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association (MVLA) contracted Williams to prepare topographic drawings of Mount Vernon for the bicentennial of George Washington's birth.  After Williams completed his work at Mount Vernon, he continued to study the architectural and archaeological elements of George Washington's estate, in addition to his other projects and responsibilities.  In spring 1935, the MVLA again contracted Williams; his task was to restore the Kitchen Garden.  By the following winter, the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association hired Williams to be the Director of the new Research and Restoration Department.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring his time as Director of Research and Restoration, Williams uncovered and assisted in the reconstruction and/or restoration of several original structures on-site including the Kitchen Garden, Deer Park Wall, and two Ha-Ha Walls.  Williams also helped improve the historic integrity within the Mansion, as he both researched 18th-century material culture and used artifacts found during excavations to ensure the objects placed in the mansion and other site buildings were historically accurate for Mount Vernon.  Under Williams's supervision, the Department of Research and Restoration eventually expanded to oversee the restoration of the Mansion, Tomb, and Gardens, and the development of the Library.  \nIn May 1939, the board of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association decided to discontinue both the Department of Research and Restoration and Williams's position as department head.  Soon thereafter, Williams left Mount Vernon and began his own business conducting architectural and archaeological research. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThroughout the duration of his life, Morley Williams worked at various other historic sites including Tryon Palace in North Carolina.  He became a professor of landscape architecture at the North Carolina State College (now University) School of Design, and was later appointed chair of the Landscape Architecture Department.  In early 1977, Williams returned to Mount Vernon with his family for a visit and was well received. Approximately 10 months later, Morley Williams died of congestive heart failure.     \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMorley Williams was a pioneer of rigorous and scholarly study of Mount Vernon, especially on the evolution of the estate landscape.  As Director of the Research and Restoration Department, Williams used an interdisciplinary approach to research and restoration, by combining landscape architecture, history, historic preservation, and archaeology.  Much of the current understanding of Mount Vernon's history is based upon the findings of Morley Williams.  To this day, Morley Jeffers Williams's work continues to be an immeasurable asset to the restoration efforts at Mount Vernon.   \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChronology:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe following is a more in-depth timeline charting the life and accomplishments of Morley Jeffers Williams. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 1, 1886 – Born in Tillsenburg, Ontario, Canada.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1910-1911 – Attended the engineering school at the University of Toronto for training as a civil engineer.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1911 – Hired as a bridge construction inspector by the Canadian Pacific Railroad.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1912 – Hired as bridge construction inspector and the acting engineer of bridge site surveys by the Montreal-Port Arthur District of the Canadian Northern Railway.  Eventually promoted to resident engineer in charge of roadbed grading and track-laying.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1914 – Resigned from his job and relocated to Kingsville, Ontario.  Became the co-owner of a grain elevator and cultivated three hundred acres of land with seed grades of corn, small grains, and grasses.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1922 – Began managing Vincent Massey's farm; some responsibilities included consulting about the buildings and presentations of other private farms.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1925: Earned a horticulture degree from the Ontario Agricultural College in Guelph, Ontario.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1927 – Became a student and instructor at Harvard School of Design.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1928 – Earned an MLA (landscape architecture) in city planning at Harvard University's School of Design.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1929 – Received the Sheldon Traveling Fellowship and studied landscape design in Europe and North Africa.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1930 – Became an assistant professor at Harvard School of Design.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 1931 – Awarded a grant from the Clark Fund for Research in Landscape Design at Harvard to study \"American Landscape Design as Exemplified by the Plantation Estates of Maryland and Virginia, 1750 to 1860.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 1931 – Visited various historic plantations, including Gunston Hall and Woodlawn, creating topographic surveys.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 1931 – Contracted to prepare topographic drawings of Mount Vernon for the bicentennial of George Washington's birth.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSummer 1932 – Hired to complete Arthur Shurcliff's research and excavations at Stratford Hall.  Identified many original structures and sketched architectural restoration plans for the east garden at Stratford Hall.  Received a second grant from the Clark Fund, which allowed him to further his research on Virginia and Maryland plantations, including Monticello.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSummer 1933 – Supervised the restoration of the east garden at Stratford Hall.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSummer 1934 – Received funding from the Emergency Relief Administration of Massachusetts to restore God's Acre in Harvard Square, an old burial ground. Upon finishing this restoration project, Williams continued his architectural and archaeological assessment of the grounds at Mount Vernon.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 1935 – Contracted to restore the Kitchen Garden at Mount Vernon under the supervision of Mrs. Horace Brown, the Vice-Regent for Vermont.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSummer 1935 – Continued to oversee the restoration of the Kitchen Garden at Mount Vernon.  He was also contracted to assess the history of White House landscaping in light of possible changes to design.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWinter 1935 – Hired by Mount Vernon as the Director of Research and Restoration.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSpring 1936 – Taught during spring semester at Harvard, then resigned his professorship in order to focus his efforts at Mount Vernon. Williams helped to rebuild and/or restore several original structures on-site including the Kitchen Garden and Deer Park Wall.  He used artifacts found during excavations such as door hinges and other hardware to model replicas for the newly restored buildings.  Williams also uncovered various original structures including two Ha-Ha walls and a cross-wall underlying the Bowling Green, which were previously unknown to the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1937 – Concerned with preserving the historic integrity of the site, Williams pointed out items and structures he deemed inaccurate such as various walkways and coaches.  As Director of the Department of Research and Restoration, Williams also focused on accessing primary documentation for research, as well as acquiring objects for Mount Vernon's collections.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1938 - Contracted Frances Benjamin Johnston to make photographic studies as a supplement to his measured drawings.  Her photographs were combined with an article written by Williams in the January 1938 edition of Landscape Architecture and the February issue of American Architect and Architecture.  Williams also assigned employees within the Department of Research and Restoration to research various collections located at the Library of Congress that he believed would help to maintain the historic integrity at Mount Vernon as restoration efforts continued.    \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1939 – Under Williams's supervision, the Department of Research and Restoration grew to oversee the research and restoration of the Mansion, Tomb, Gardens, Grounds, and Outbuildings, as well as the development of the Library.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 16, 1939 – Board of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association voted to dismantle the Department of Research and Restoration as of June 1, 1939.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSummer 1939 – Williams ended his association with Mount Vernon after the dissolution of the Department of Research and Restoration and began his own business conducting architectural and archaeological research.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1940 – 1941 – Researched 18th-century manuscripts and newspapers in several prominent repositories, including the Library of Congress. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1941-1947 – Morley Williams and his wife, Nathalia Williams, managed their own business for architectural and archaeological research.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1947 – Hired as a professor of landscape architecture by the North Carolina State College (now University) School of Design.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1948 – Appointed chair of the landscape architecture department at the North Carolina State College (now University) School of Design.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1952 –1960 (ca.) - Contracted to restore Tryon Palace, a pre-Revolutionary governor's mansion in North Carolina.  Oversaw archaeological excavations that exposed the original foundation of the governor's mansion, as well as uncovered other structural aspects of the site such as water sources and outbuildings.  Since no garden plots were discovered, Williams drew plans for formal gardens authentic to the time period Tryon Palace was first constructed.  During the excavations and restoration, Williams salvaged many artifacts, which he never fully identified and/or processed.  This later became a point of contention between Williams and the benefactors of Tryon Palace.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1961 – Returned to Harvard as a lecturer for landscape architecture.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 1961 – Settled accounts with Tryon Palace by returning all artifacts to the Tryon Palace Commission.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1962-1977 – Williams and his wife continued to restore historic sites and landscapes for the remainder of his life.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 1977 – At ninety-one, Williams returned with his family to Mount Vernon for a visit, and was well received by Regent Mrs. John H. Guy, Jr., Director Charles Cecil Wall, and others.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 1, 1977 – Morley Jeffers Williams died of congestive heart failure.     \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Morley Jeffers Williams was born in Tillsonburg, Ontario, Canada on August 1, 1886.  In 1910, twenty-four-year-old Williams attended the engineering school at the University of Toronto for training as a civil engineer.  Over the next eleven years, Williams used his engineering degree to work in various construction and agricultural positions such as bridge construction inspector for the Canadian Pacific Railroad and farm overseer.  After earning a second degree in horticulture from the Ontario Agricultural College in Guelph, Ontario, Williams became an instructor and student at the Harvard University School of Design.","During a successful academic career in which he was awarded several grants and appointed an assistant professor at Harvard School of Design, Williams began to visit historic sites and make topographic surveys for his own research.  He became involved with restoration projects at various sites, and in 1931 the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association (MVLA) contracted Williams to prepare topographic drawings of Mount Vernon for the bicentennial of George Washington's birth.  After Williams completed his work at Mount Vernon, he continued to study the architectural and archaeological elements of George Washington's estate, in addition to his other projects and responsibilities.  In spring 1935, the MVLA again contracted Williams; his task was to restore the Kitchen Garden.  By the following winter, the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association hired Williams to be the Director of the new Research and Restoration Department.","During his time as Director of Research and Restoration, Williams uncovered and assisted in the reconstruction and/or restoration of several original structures on-site including the Kitchen Garden, Deer Park Wall, and two Ha-Ha Walls.  Williams also helped improve the historic integrity within the Mansion, as he both researched 18th-century material culture and used artifacts found during excavations to ensure the objects placed in the mansion and other site buildings were historically accurate for Mount Vernon.  Under Williams's supervision, the Department of Research and Restoration eventually expanded to oversee the restoration of the Mansion, Tomb, and Gardens, and the development of the Library.  \nIn May 1939, the board of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association decided to discontinue both the Department of Research and Restoration and Williams's position as department head.  Soon thereafter, Williams left Mount Vernon and began his own business conducting architectural and archaeological research.","Throughout the duration of his life, Morley Williams worked at various other historic sites including Tryon Palace in North Carolina.  He became a professor of landscape architecture at the North Carolina State College (now University) School of Design, and was later appointed chair of the Landscape Architecture Department.  In early 1977, Williams returned to Mount Vernon with his family for a visit and was well received. Approximately 10 months later, Morley Williams died of congestive heart failure.","Morley Williams was a pioneer of rigorous and scholarly study of Mount Vernon, especially on the evolution of the estate landscape.  As Director of the Research and Restoration Department, Williams used an interdisciplinary approach to research and restoration, by combining landscape architecture, history, historic preservation, and archaeology.  Much of the current understanding of Mount Vernon's history is based upon the findings of Morley Williams.  To this day, Morley Jeffers Williams's work continues to be an immeasurable asset to the restoration efforts at Mount Vernon.","Chronology:","The following is a more in-depth timeline charting the life and accomplishments of Morley Jeffers Williams.","August 1, 1886 – Born in Tillsenburg, Ontario, Canada.","1910-1911 – Attended the engineering school at the University of Toronto for training as a civil engineer.","1911 – Hired as a bridge construction inspector by the Canadian Pacific Railroad.","1912 – Hired as bridge construction inspector and the acting engineer of bridge site surveys by the Montreal-Port Arthur District of the Canadian Northern Railway.  Eventually promoted to resident engineer in charge of roadbed grading and track-laying.","1914 – Resigned from his job and relocated to Kingsville, Ontario.  Became the co-owner of a grain elevator and cultivated three hundred acres of land with seed grades of corn, small grains, and grasses.","1922 – Began managing Vincent Massey's farm; some responsibilities included consulting about the buildings and presentations of other private farms.","1925: Earned a horticulture degree from the Ontario Agricultural College in Guelph, Ontario.","1927 – Became a student and instructor at Harvard School of Design.","1928 – Earned an MLA (landscape architecture) in city planning at Harvard University's School of Design.","1929 – Received the Sheldon Traveling Fellowship and studied landscape design in Europe and North Africa.","1930 – Became an assistant professor at Harvard School of Design.","March 1931 – Awarded a grant from the Clark Fund for Research in Landscape Design at Harvard to study \"American Landscape Design as Exemplified by the Plantation Estates of Maryland and Virginia, 1750 to 1860.\"","May 1931 – Visited various historic plantations, including Gunston Hall and Woodlawn, creating topographic surveys.","July 1931 – Contracted to prepare topographic drawings of Mount Vernon for the bicentennial of George Washington's birth.","Summer 1932 – Hired to complete Arthur Shurcliff's research and excavations at Stratford Hall.  Identified many original structures and sketched architectural restoration plans for the east garden at Stratford Hall.  Received a second grant from the Clark Fund, which allowed him to further his research on Virginia and Maryland plantations, including Monticello.","Summer 1933 – Supervised the restoration of the east garden at Stratford Hall.","Summer 1934 – Received funding from the Emergency Relief Administration of Massachusetts to restore God's Acre in Harvard Square, an old burial ground. Upon finishing this restoration project, Williams continued his architectural and archaeological assessment of the grounds at Mount Vernon.","May 1935 – Contracted to restore the Kitchen Garden at Mount Vernon under the supervision of Mrs. Horace Brown, the Vice-Regent for Vermont.","Summer 1935 – Continued to oversee the restoration of the Kitchen Garden at Mount Vernon.  He was also contracted to assess the history of White House landscaping in light of possible changes to design.","Winter 1935 – Hired by Mount Vernon as the Director of Research and Restoration.","Spring 1936 – Taught during spring semester at Harvard, then resigned his professorship in order to focus his efforts at Mount Vernon. Williams helped to rebuild and/or restore several original structures on-site including the Kitchen Garden and Deer Park Wall.  He used artifacts found during excavations such as door hinges and other hardware to model replicas for the newly restored buildings.  Williams also uncovered various original structures including two Ha-Ha walls and a cross-wall underlying the Bowling Green, which were previously unknown to the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association.","1937 – Concerned with preserving the historic integrity of the site, Williams pointed out items and structures he deemed inaccurate such as various walkways and coaches.  As Director of the Department of Research and Restoration, Williams also focused on accessing primary documentation for research, as well as acquiring objects for Mount Vernon's collections.","1938 - Contracted Frances Benjamin Johnston to make photographic studies as a supplement to his measured drawings.  Her photographs were combined with an article written by Williams in the January 1938 edition of Landscape Architecture and the February issue of American Architect and Architecture.  Williams also assigned employees within the Department of Research and Restoration to research various collections located at the Library of Congress that he believed would help to maintain the historic integrity at Mount Vernon as restoration efforts continued.","1939 – Under Williams's supervision, the Department of Research and Restoration grew to oversee the research and restoration of the Mansion, Tomb, Gardens, Grounds, and Outbuildings, as well as the development of the Library.","May 16, 1939 – Board of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association voted to dismantle the Department of Research and Restoration as of June 1, 1939.","Summer 1939 – Williams ended his association with Mount Vernon after the dissolution of the Department of Research and Restoration and began his own business conducting architectural and archaeological research.","1940 – 1941 – Researched 18th-century manuscripts and newspapers in several prominent repositories, including the Library of Congress.","1941-1947 – Morley Williams and his wife, Nathalia Williams, managed their own business for architectural and archaeological research.","1947 – Hired as a professor of landscape architecture by the North Carolina State College (now University) School of Design.","1948 – Appointed chair of the landscape architecture department at the North Carolina State College (now University) School of Design.","1952 –1960 (ca.) - Contracted to restore Tryon Palace, a pre-Revolutionary governor's mansion in North Carolina.  Oversaw archaeological excavations that exposed the original foundation of the governor's mansion, as well as uncovered other structural aspects of the site such as water sources and outbuildings.  Since no garden plots were discovered, Williams drew plans for formal gardens authentic to the time period Tryon Palace was first constructed.  During the excavations and restoration, Williams salvaged many artifacts, which he never fully identified and/or processed.  This later became a point of contention between Williams and the benefactors of Tryon Palace.","1961 – Returned to Harvard as a lecturer for landscape architecture.","December 1961 – Settled accounts with Tryon Palace by returning all artifacts to the Tryon Palace Commission.","1962-1977 – Williams and his wife continued to restore historic sites and landscapes for the remainder of his life.","February 1977 – At ninety-one, Williams returned with his family to Mount Vernon for a visit, and was well received by Regent Mrs. John H. Guy, Jr., Director Charles Cecil Wall, and others.","December 1, 1977 – Morley Jeffers Williams died of congestive heart failure."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Name and date of item], The Morley Jeffers Williams Collection, [Series, Folder], Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, Fred W. Smith National Library for the Study of George Washington [hereafter Washington Library], Mount Vernon, Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee the Chicago Manual of Style for additional examples. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Name and date of item], The Morley Jeffers Williams Collection, [Series, Folder], Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, Fred W. Smith National Library for the Study of George Washington [hereafter Washington Library], Mount Vernon, Virginia","See the Chicago Manual of Style for additional examples."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers of the MVLA\nPapers of the Superintendent and Resident Director\nMeasured drawings (architectural drawings)\nRestoration Files of the Historic Structures Report\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Papers of the MVLA\nPapers of the Superintendent and Resident Director\nMeasured drawings (architectural drawings)\nRestoration Files of the Historic Structures Report"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of correspondence, reports, surveys, newspaper clippings, biographies and other written works, bibliographies, excerpts from diaries, letters, inventories and ledgers, various types of architectural and archaeological drawings, maps, and images documenting the work and research conducted during Morley Jeffers Williams's tenure at George Washington's Mount Vernon.  Williams compiled the majority of the documents and images found in this collection between 1931 and 1939; however, the information contained within these records dates from 1602 to 1967.  \nThe bulk of the collection consists of numerous architectural and archaeological drawings detailing past and contemporary views of George Washington's estate; furthermore, there are several drawings depicting possible future renovations to Mount Vernon.  This collection also contains a large amount of scholarly research pertaining to George Washington, Mount Vernon, and 18th-century life and culture.  This information provides an in-depth understanding of George Washington's life, particularly concerning his interactions with his estate.  Other documentation charts the efforts of Morley Jeffers Williams as he worked to restore the structures and landscape at Mount Vernon.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of correspondence, reports, surveys, newspaper clippings, biographies and other written works, bibliographies, excerpts from diaries, letters, inventories and ledgers, various types of architectural and archaeological drawings, maps, and images documenting the work and research conducted during Morley Jeffers Williams's tenure at George Washington's Mount Vernon.  Williams compiled the majority of the documents and images found in this collection between 1931 and 1939; however, the information contained within these records dates from 1602 to 1967.  \nThe bulk of the collection consists of numerous architectural and archaeological drawings detailing past and contemporary views of George Washington's estate; furthermore, there are several drawings depicting possible future renovations to Mount Vernon.  This collection also contains a large amount of scholarly research pertaining to George Washington, Mount Vernon, and 18th-century life and culture.  This information provides an in-depth understanding of George Washington's life, particularly concerning his interactions with his estate.  Other documentation charts the efforts of Morley Jeffers Williams as he worked to restore the structures and landscape at Mount Vernon."],"corpname_ssim":["Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association"],"persname_ssim":["Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Johnston, Frances Benjamin, 1864-1952","Ulman, Nathalia","Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995"],"names_ssim":["Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Johnston, Frances Benjamin, 1864-1952","Ulman, Nathalia","Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":317,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:25:04.240Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2_c06"}},{"id":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_61_c03_c07","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Spinning House, Gardener's House, Salt House, Family Kitchen, Proposed Structural Repairs to the Barn, 1956/1958","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_61_c03_c07#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eOriginal drawings. Spinning House series of 10 drawings; Gardener's House series of 3 drawings; Salt House - 1 drawing; Family Kitchen - series of 2 drawings; 3 drawings to accompany report on the proposed structural repairs of the Barn. Varied scales.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_61_c03_c07#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_61_c03_c07","ref_ssm":["vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_61_c03_c07"],"id":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_61_c03_c07","ead_ssi":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_61","_root_":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_61","_nest_parent_":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_61_c03","parent_ssi":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_61_c03","parent_ssim":["Measured Drawings and Blueprints of Mount Vernon, 1870/2016","Outbuildings"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_61","vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_61_c03"],"title_filing_ssi":"Spinning House, Gardener's House, Salt House, Family Kitchen, Proposed Structural Repairs to the Barn","title_ssm":["Spinning House, Gardener's House, Salt House, Family Kitchen, Proposed Structural Repairs to the Barn"],"title_tesim":["Spinning House, Gardener's House, Salt House, Family Kitchen, Proposed Structural Repairs to the Barn"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Spinning House, Gardener's House, Salt House, Family Kitchen, Proposed Structural Repairs to the Barn, 1956/1958"],"text":["Spinning House, Gardener's House, Salt House, Family Kitchen, Proposed Structural Repairs to the Barn, 1956/1958","Measured Drawings and Blueprints of Mount Vernon, 1870/2016","Outbuildings","Drawer 53","folder 6","Macomber, Walter","Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Curtice, Carroll","Original drawings. Spinning House series of 10 drawings; Gardener's House series of 3 drawings; Salt House - 1 drawing; Family Kitchen - series of 2 drawings; 3 drawings to accompany report on the proposed structural repairs of the Barn. Varied scales."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Measured Drawings and Blueprints of Mount Vernon, 1870/2016","Outbuildings"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Measured Drawings and Blueprints of Mount Vernon, 1870/2016","Outbuildings"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1956/1958"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1956-1958"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["May 6, 1936"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":207,"repository_ssim":["The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon"],"collection_ssim":["Measured Drawings and Blueprints of Mount Vernon, 1870/2016"],"containers_ssim":["Drawer 53","folder 6"],"creator_ssim":["Macomber, Walter","Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Curtice, Carroll"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open for research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. The library reserves the right to restrict access to certain items for preservation purposes."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Material can be reproduced for study or personal use upon written approval from library staff."],"persname_ssim":["Macomber, Walter","Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Curtice, Carroll"],"names_ssim":["Macomber, Walter","Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Curtice, Carroll"],"date_range_isim":[1936,1956,1957,1958],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOriginal drawings. Spinning House series of 10 drawings; Gardener's House series of 3 drawings; Salt House - 1 drawing; Family Kitchen - series of 2 drawings; 3 drawings to accompany report on the proposed structural repairs of the Barn. Varied scales.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Original drawings. Spinning House series of 10 drawings; Gardener's House series of 3 drawings; Salt House - 1 drawing; Family Kitchen - series of 2 drawings; 3 drawings to accompany report on the proposed structural repairs of the Barn. Varied scales."],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#6","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:25:08.530Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_61","ead_ssi":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_61","_root_":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_61","_nest_parent_":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_61","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/MV/repositories_2_resources_61.xml","title_ssm":["Measured Drawings and Blueprints of Mount Vernon"],"title_tesim":["Measured Drawings and Blueprints of Mount Vernon"],"unitdate_ssm":["1870s-2016"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1870s-2016"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1870/2016"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Measured Drawings and Blueprints of Mount Vernon, 1870/2016"],"text":["Measured Drawings and Blueprints of Mount Vernon, 1870/2016","A.MD.OV","/repositories/2/resources/61","This collection is open for research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. The library reserves the right to restrict access to certain items for preservation purposes.","The drawings are described in this finding aid according to the location it represents on the estate: the Mansion, Gardens and Grounds, Outbuildings, and other structures. However, the drawings are physically interfiled and interspersed throughout the drawers, and does not follow its intellectual description. All drawings can be found by using the finding aid or keyword search, but physical browsing may be difficult.","There may be some overlap with the Maps of Mount Vernon and the surrounding area collection. Other blueprints and architectural drawings may be found in the Papers of the MVLA, the Papers of the Superintendent and Resident Director, and the Restoration Files for the Historic Structures Report.","This collections contains the architectural drawings of Mount Vernon including the measured drawings of the Mansion, outbuildings, and other MVLA structures. The bulk of material dates from the 1930s (during the tenure of the Director of Research and Restoration, Morley Jeffers Williams) through the 1990s. The drawings were accumulated by, and transferred to, the library/archives over time and are now compiled into this collection based on format and purpose.","Material can be reproduced for study or personal use upon written approval from library staff.","Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Mesick Cohen Waite Architects","United States. Army. 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