{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1957\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Item\u0026page=361","prev":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1957\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Item\u0026page=360","next":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1957\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Item\u0026page=362","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1957\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Item\u0026page=386"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":361,"next_page":362,"prev_page":360,"total_pages":386,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":3600,"total_count":3855,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1270_c01_c06","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"U.S. Civil Service Commission - Retirement Files, 1935/1963","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1270_c01_c06#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1270_c01_c06","ref_ssm":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1270_c01_c06"],"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1270_c01_c06","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1270","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1270","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1270_c01","parent_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1270_c01","parent_ssim":["Earle D. Gregory Collection, 1915/1997","Gregory Military Records and Files, 1915/1997"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1270","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1270_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"U.S. Civil Service Commission - Retirement Files","title_ssm":["U.S. Civil Service Commission - Retirement Files"],"title_tesim":["U.S. Civil Service Commission - Retirement Files"],"normalized_title_ssm":["U.S. Civil Service Commission - Retirement Files, 1935/1963"],"text":["U.S. Civil Service Commission - Retirement Files, 1935/1963","Earle D. Gregory Collection, 1915/1997","Gregory Military Records and Files, 1915/1997","box 1","folder 6"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Earle D. Gregory Collection, 1915/1997","Gregory Military Records and Files, 1915/1997"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Earle D. 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Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"date_range_isim":[1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#5","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:29:13.394Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1270","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1270","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1270","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1270","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1270.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Gregory, Earle D., Collection","title_ssm":["Earle D. Gregory Collection"],"title_tesim":["Earle D. Gregory Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1915-1997"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1915-1997"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1915/1997"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Earle D. Gregory Collection, 1915/1997"],"text":["Earle D. Gregory Collection, 1915/1997","Ms.1972.004","Medal of Honor","Students and alumni","University History","World War, 1914-1918","The collection is open to research.","This collection is arranged according to subject matter.","Earle Davis Gregory was born in Clayville, Virginia on October 18, 1897. His father served as a telegrapher for the Richmond and Danville Railway, eventually transferring to Chase City, Virginia as a dispatcher in 1901. Upon completion of his freshman year, Gregory entered the Fork Union Military Academy from 1912 until the summer of 1915, when Gregory returned to Chase City and joined Company E, 2nd Regiment, Virginia Volunteers.","On October 8, 1918, Gregory's unit was committed to battle at Bois-de-Consenvoye, north of Verdun, France during the outset of the United States involvement in World War I. On his first day of battle, Sergeant Gregory's unit was halted by incessant machine gun fire by German forces. Gregory abandoned his position and charged the machine gun, destroying it with a mortar round along with single-handedly capturing a howitzer and 22 German prisoners. His actions and overall valiance earned Gregory the Congressional Medal of Honor, the only Virginian to be awarded the Medal during World War I.","Three days later, Gregory and his unit were attempting to take an enemy trench line when an artillery shell landed on his unit, wounding Gregory in his leg from shrapnel. Gregory was hospitalized for six months, partly in France before being shipped to Camp Lee, Virginia. He was discharged on April 25, 1919, and four days later Gregory was awarded the Medal of Honor at a ceremony on the Camp's parade field.","Gregory enrolled in Virginia Polytechnic Institute in September of that year. Entering under a disabled veteran's program, Gregory was accepted into the Corps of Cadets in spite of his war wound. He served as Cadet 1st Sergeant during his junior year and Cadet Captain of Company A during his senior year, in addition to being elected to class president twice and president of the student body his senior year.","Gregory was a life-long member of the American Legion, Disabled American Veterans and a Master Mason. He died on January 6, 1972 in Tuscaloosa, Alabama. The Virginia Tech Corps of Cadets renamed the \"Pershing Rifles\" drill team in his honor, now known as the \"Gregory Guard,\" an elite drill and marching unit.","The guide to the Earle D. Gregory Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Earle D. Gregory Collection was completed in or prior to 2004.","Comprising the majority of the Earle D. Gregory collection are military records and files dating back to when Gregory was a member of the 1st Virginia, 29th Regiment during World War I. This material consists of publications and correspondence pertaining to Gregory's infantry unit, more specifically Gregory's impact during his first day of combat at Bois-de-Consenvoye, France for which Gregory was awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor for his heroic actions. Significant material from Gregory's affiliation with the Medal of Honor is also included, such as invitations to Gregory's ceremony and various correspondence, along with several pictures taken from the ceremony, including one photograph with Earle Gregory and President John F. Kennedy.","Also included in the Gregory collection is material from VPI where Gregory enrolled after he came back from his service in France. Most of the material is comprised of correspondence and alumni bulletins, along with some photographs taken of Gregory while he was a student and his original student transcript.","In his lifetime, Earle Gregory received several awards and recognitions. Some of the most notable awards include the Medal of Honor and Purple Heart, along with a Medal of Honor plaque signed by President Lyndon Johnson, which is a replacement of Gregory's original certificate signed by President Woodrow Wilson which was destroyed in a fire. A total of eleven medals are included in the collection, along with other certificates and miscellaneous items, including a signed invitation to President Richard Nixon's inauguration.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This collection contains the papers of Congressional Medal of Honor winner and VPI alum Earle D. Gregory (1897-1972), documenting his time a member of the 1st Virginia, 29th Regiment of the U.S. Army during World War I. The majority of the materials relate specifically Gregory's impact during his first day of combat at Bois-de-Consenvoye, France for which Gregory was awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor for his heroic actions. In his lifetime, Earle Gregory received several awards and recognitions. Some of the most notable awards include the Medal of Honor and Purple Heart, along with a Medal of Honor plaque signed by President Lyndon Johnson, which is a replacement of Gregory's original certificate signed by President Woodrow Wilson which was destroyed in a fire. A total of eleven medals are included in the collection, along with other certificates and miscellaneous items, including a signed invitation to President Richard Nixon's inauguration. The collection also includes items related to his student years at Virginia Polytechnic Institute after the war.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Gregory, Earle D., 1897-1972","The materials in the collection are in English."],"collection_title_tesim":["Earle D. Gregory Collection, 1915/1997"],"collection_ssim":["Earle D. Gregory Collection, 1915/1997"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1972.004"],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1972.004"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Gregory, Earle D., 1897-1972"],"creator_ssim":["Gregory, Earle D., 1897-1972"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Gregory, Earle D., 1897-1972"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)"],"creators_ssim":["Gregory, Earle D., 1897-1972","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was willed to the Virginia Tech Special Collections department by Earle D. Gregory in 1972. Additional materials were donated in 2000."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Medal of Honor","Students and alumni","University History","World War, 1914-1918"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Medal of Honor","Students and alumni","University History","World War, 1914-1918"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.9 Cubic Feet 4 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["1.9 Cubic Feet 4 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged according to subject matter.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged according to subject matter."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEarle Davis Gregory was born in Clayville, Virginia on October 18, 1897. His father served as a telegrapher for the Richmond and Danville Railway, eventually transferring to Chase City, Virginia as a dispatcher in 1901. Upon completion of his freshman year, Gregory entered the Fork Union Military Academy from 1912 until the summer of 1915, when Gregory returned to Chase City and joined Company E, 2nd Regiment, Virginia Volunteers. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn October 8, 1918, Gregory's unit was committed to battle at Bois-de-Consenvoye, north of Verdun, France during the outset of the United States involvement in World War I. On his first day of battle, Sergeant Gregory's unit was halted by incessant machine gun fire by German forces. Gregory abandoned his position and charged the machine gun, destroying it with a mortar round along with single-handedly capturing a howitzer and 22 German prisoners. His actions and overall valiance earned Gregory the Congressional Medal of Honor, the only Virginian to be awarded the Medal during World War I. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThree days later, Gregory and his unit were attempting to take an enemy trench line when an artillery shell landed on his unit, wounding Gregory in his leg from shrapnel. Gregory was hospitalized for six months, partly in France before being shipped to Camp Lee, Virginia. He was discharged on April 25, 1919, and four days later Gregory was awarded the Medal of Honor at a ceremony on the Camp's parade field. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGregory enrolled in Virginia Polytechnic Institute in September of that year. Entering under a disabled veteran's program, Gregory was accepted into the Corps of Cadets in spite of his war wound. He served as Cadet 1st Sergeant during his junior year and Cadet Captain of Company A during his senior year, in addition to being elected to class president twice and president of the student body his senior year. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGregory was a life-long member of the American Legion, Disabled American Veterans and a Master Mason. He died on January 6, 1972 in Tuscaloosa, Alabama. The Virginia Tech Corps of Cadets renamed the \"Pershing Rifles\" drill team in his honor, now known as the \"Gregory Guard,\" an elite drill and marching unit. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Earle Davis Gregory was born in Clayville, Virginia on October 18, 1897. His father served as a telegrapher for the Richmond and Danville Railway, eventually transferring to Chase City, Virginia as a dispatcher in 1901. Upon completion of his freshman year, Gregory entered the Fork Union Military Academy from 1912 until the summer of 1915, when Gregory returned to Chase City and joined Company E, 2nd Regiment, Virginia Volunteers.","On October 8, 1918, Gregory's unit was committed to battle at Bois-de-Consenvoye, north of Verdun, France during the outset of the United States involvement in World War I. On his first day of battle, Sergeant Gregory's unit was halted by incessant machine gun fire by German forces. Gregory abandoned his position and charged the machine gun, destroying it with a mortar round along with single-handedly capturing a howitzer and 22 German prisoners. His actions and overall valiance earned Gregory the Congressional Medal of Honor, the only Virginian to be awarded the Medal during World War I.","Three days later, Gregory and his unit were attempting to take an enemy trench line when an artillery shell landed on his unit, wounding Gregory in his leg from shrapnel. Gregory was hospitalized for six months, partly in France before being shipped to Camp Lee, Virginia. He was discharged on April 25, 1919, and four days later Gregory was awarded the Medal of Honor at a ceremony on the Camp's parade field.","Gregory enrolled in Virginia Polytechnic Institute in September of that year. Entering under a disabled veteran's program, Gregory was accepted into the Corps of Cadets in spite of his war wound. He served as Cadet 1st Sergeant during his junior year and Cadet Captain of Company A during his senior year, in addition to being elected to class president twice and president of the student body his senior year.","Gregory was a life-long member of the American Legion, Disabled American Veterans and a Master Mason. He died on January 6, 1972 in Tuscaloosa, Alabama. The Virginia Tech Corps of Cadets renamed the \"Pershing Rifles\" drill team in his honor, now known as the \"Gregory Guard,\" an elite drill and marching unit."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Earle D. Gregory Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Earle D. Gregory Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Earle D. Gregory Collection, Ms1972-004, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Earle D. Gregory Collection, Ms1972-004, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Earle D. Gregory Collection was completed in or prior to 2004.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Earle D. Gregory Collection was completed in or prior to 2004."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eComprising the majority of the Earle D. Gregory collection are military records and files dating back to when Gregory was a member of the 1st Virginia, 29th Regiment during World War I. This material consists of publications and correspondence pertaining to Gregory's infantry unit, more specifically Gregory's impact during his first day of combat at Bois-de-Consenvoye, France for which Gregory was awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor for his heroic actions. Significant material from Gregory's affiliation with the Medal of Honor is also included, such as invitations to Gregory's ceremony and various correspondence, along with several pictures taken from the ceremony, including one photograph with Earle Gregory and President John F. Kennedy. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlso included in the Gregory collection is material from VPI where Gregory enrolled after he came back from his service in France. Most of the material is comprised of correspondence and alumni bulletins, along with some photographs taken of Gregory while he was a student and his original student transcript. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn his lifetime, Earle Gregory received several awards and recognitions. Some of the most notable awards include the Medal of Honor and Purple Heart, along with a Medal of Honor plaque signed by President Lyndon Johnson, which is a replacement of Gregory's original certificate signed by President Woodrow Wilson which was destroyed in a fire. A total of eleven medals are included in the collection, along with other certificates and miscellaneous items, including a signed invitation to President Richard Nixon's inauguration. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Comprising the majority of the Earle D. Gregory collection are military records and files dating back to when Gregory was a member of the 1st Virginia, 29th Regiment during World War I. This material consists of publications and correspondence pertaining to Gregory's infantry unit, more specifically Gregory's impact during his first day of combat at Bois-de-Consenvoye, France for which Gregory was awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor for his heroic actions. Significant material from Gregory's affiliation with the Medal of Honor is also included, such as invitations to Gregory's ceremony and various correspondence, along with several pictures taken from the ceremony, including one photograph with Earle Gregory and President John F. Kennedy.","Also included in the Gregory collection is material from VPI where Gregory enrolled after he came back from his service in France. Most of the material is comprised of correspondence and alumni bulletins, along with some photographs taken of Gregory while he was a student and his original student transcript.","In his lifetime, Earle Gregory received several awards and recognitions. Some of the most notable awards include the Medal of Honor and Purple Heart, along with a Medal of Honor plaque signed by President Lyndon Johnson, which is a replacement of Gregory's original certificate signed by President Woodrow Wilson which was destroyed in a fire. A total of eleven medals are included in the collection, along with other certificates and miscellaneous items, including a signed invitation to President Richard Nixon's inauguration."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (\u003ca href=\"mailto:specref@vt.edu\"\u003especref@vt.edu\u003c/a\u003e or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_c129d576f30e0763fc9275a29740ba64\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection contains the papers of Congressional Medal of Honor winner and VPI alum Earle D. Gregory (1897-1972), documenting his time a member of the 1st Virginia, 29th Regiment of the U.S. Army during World War I. The majority of the materials relate specifically Gregory's impact during his first day of combat at Bois-de-Consenvoye, France for which Gregory was awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor for his heroic actions. In his lifetime, Earle Gregory received several awards and recognitions. Some of the most notable awards include the Medal of Honor and Purple Heart, along with a Medal of Honor plaque signed by President Lyndon Johnson, which is a replacement of Gregory's original certificate signed by President Woodrow Wilson which was destroyed in a fire. A total of eleven medals are included in the collection, along with other certificates and miscellaneous items, including a signed invitation to President Richard Nixon's inauguration. The collection also includes items related to his student years at Virginia Polytechnic Institute after the war.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains the papers of Congressional Medal of Honor winner and VPI alum Earle D. Gregory (1897-1972), documenting his time a member of the 1st Virginia, 29th Regiment of the U.S. Army during World War I. The majority of the materials relate specifically Gregory's impact during his first day of combat at Bois-de-Consenvoye, France for which Gregory was awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor for his heroic actions. In his lifetime, Earle Gregory received several awards and recognitions. Some of the most notable awards include the Medal of Honor and Purple Heart, along with a Medal of Honor plaque signed by President Lyndon Johnson, which is a replacement of Gregory's original certificate signed by President Woodrow Wilson which was destroyed in a fire. A total of eleven medals are included in the collection, along with other certificates and miscellaneous items, including a signed invitation to President Richard Nixon's inauguration. The collection also includes items related to his student years at Virginia Polytechnic Institute after the war."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Gregory, Earle D., 1897-1972"],"persname_ssim":["Gregory, Earle D., 1897-1972"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Gregory, Earle D., 1897-1972"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":26,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:29:13.394Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1270_c01_c06"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9941_c01_c02_c63","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"U.S. Civil Service Commission (USCSC) Re: Employment Ban, 1950/2014","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9941_c01_c02_c63#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9941_c01_c02_c63","ref_ssm":["viw_repositories_2_resources_9941_c01_c02_c63"],"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9941_c01_c02_c63","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9941","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9941","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9941_c01_c02","parent_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9941_c01_c02","parent_ssim":["Mattachine Society of Washington D.C. records, 1942/2020","Accession 2025.002: Correspondence, general papers and newspaper clippings, 1942/2020","General Papers, 1942/2020"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viw_repositories_2_resources_9941","viw_repositories_2_resources_9941_c01","viw_repositories_2_resources_9941_c01_c02"],"title_filing_ssi":"U.S. Civil Service Commission (USCSC) Re: Employment Ban","title_ssm":["U.S. Civil Service Commission (USCSC) Re: Employment Ban"],"title_tesim":["U.S. Civil Service Commission (USCSC) Re: Employment Ban"],"normalized_title_ssm":["U.S. Civil Service Commission (USCSC) Re: Employment Ban, 1950/2014"],"text":["U.S. Civil Service Commission (USCSC) Re: Employment Ban, 1950/2014","Mattachine Society of Washington D.C. records, 1942/2020","Accession 2025.002: Correspondence, general papers and newspaper clippings, 1942/2020","General Papers, 1942/2020","box 5","folder 66"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Mattachine Society of Washington D.C. records, 1942/2020","Accession 2025.002: Correspondence, general papers and newspaper clippings, 1942/2020","General Papers, 1942/2020"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Mattachine Society of Washington D.C. records, 1942/2020","Accession 2025.002: Correspondence, general papers and newspaper clippings, 1942/2020","General Papers, 1942/2020"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1950/2014"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1950-2014"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[3],"sort_isi":69,"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"collection_ssim":["Mattachine Society of Washington D.C. records, 1942/2020"],"containers_ssim":["box 5","folder 66"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"date_range_isim":[1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#1/components#62","timestamp":"2026-08-14T23:05:56.987Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9941","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9941","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9941","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9941","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_9941.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Mattachine Society of Washington D.C. records","title_ssm":["Mattachine Society of Washington D.C. records"],"title_tesim":["Mattachine Society of Washington D.C. records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1942-2020"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1942-2020"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1942/2020"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Mattachine Society of Washington D.C. records, 1942/2020"],"text":["Mattachine Society of Washington D.C. records, 1942/2020","MS 00410","/repositories/2/resources/9941","LGBT activism","LGBT History Month","Gay and lesbian studies","Gay and lesbian studies--United States--History","Gay rights","Gay rights--United States--History--20th century","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","The Mattachine Society of Washington, D.C. collection is arranged into three series: I. Correspondence, II. General Papers, III. Newspaper Clippings \u0026 posters. The collection is arranged alphabetically within each series and chronologically by date within the folders.","Collection contains correspondence and organization documents related to the everyday activities of the Mattachine Society of Washington D.C. The Mattachine Society is an Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual,Transgender, queer (LGBTQ) organization that seeks to conduct original archival research and educational outreach that focuses on LGBTQ legal, political, and policy history.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Mattachine Society of Washington D.C. records, 1942/2020"],"collection_ssim":["Mattachine Society of Washington D.C. records, 1942/2020"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS 00410","/repositories/2/resources/9941"],"unitid_tesim":["MS 00410","/repositories/2/resources/9941"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Charles Francis"],"access_subjects_ssim":["LGBT activism","LGBT History Month","Gay and lesbian studies","Gay and lesbian studies--United States--History","Gay rights","Gay rights--United States--History--20th century"],"access_subjects_ssm":["LGBT activism","LGBT History Month","Gay and lesbian studies","Gay and lesbian studies--United States--History","Gay rights","Gay rights--United States--History--20th century"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2 Linear Feet 6 Full legal size Hollinger boxes and 2 oversize folders"],"extent_tesim":["2 Linear Feet 6 Full legal size Hollinger boxes and 2 oversize folders"],"date_range_isim":[1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Mattachine Society of Washington, D.C. collection is arranged into three series: I. Correspondence, II. General Papers, III. Newspaper Clippings \u0026amp; posters. The collection is arranged alphabetically within each series and chronologically by date within the folders.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Mattachine Society of Washington, D.C. collection is arranged into three series: I. Correspondence, II. General Papers, III. Newspaper Clippings \u0026 posters. The collection is arranged alphabetically within each series and chronologically by date within the folders."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMattachine Society of Washington, D.C. records, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026amp; Mary Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Mattachine Society of Washington, D.C. records, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026 Mary Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection contains correspondence and organization documents related to the everyday activities of the Mattachine Society of Washington D.C. The Mattachine Society is an Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual,Transgender, queer (LGBTQ) organization that seeks to conduct original archival research and educational outreach that focuses on LGBTQ legal, political, and policy history.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Collection contains correspondence and organization documents related to the everyday activities of the Mattachine Society of Washington D.C. The Mattachine Society is an Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual,Transgender, queer (LGBTQ) organization that seeks to conduct original archival research and educational outreach that focuses on LGBTQ legal, political, and policy history."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":159,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T23:05:56.987Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9941_c01_c02_c63"}},{"id":"viu_viu01884_c02_c51","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"U.S. Department of State--Foreign Service\n Personnel Records, Frederick Earnest Nolting, Jr., 1945/1964","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_viu01884_c02_c51#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_viu01884_c02_c51","ref_ssm":["viu_viu01884_c02_c51"],"id":"viu_viu01884_c02_c51","ead_ssi":"viu_viu01884","_root_":"viu_viu01884","_nest_parent_":"viu_viu01884_c02","parent_ssi":"viu_viu01884_c02","parent_ssim":["Frederick (Fritz) Earnest Nolting, Jr. Papers \n 1890-1989","Series II: Professional Papers"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_viu01884","viu_viu01884_c02"],"title_filing_ssi":"U.S. Department of State--Foreign Service\n                  Personnel Records, Frederick Earnest Nolting,\n                  Jr.","title_ssm":["U.S. Department of State--Foreign Service\n Personnel Records, Frederick Earnest Nolting, Jr."],"title_tesim":["U.S. Department of State--Foreign Service\n Personnel Records, Frederick Earnest Nolting, Jr."],"normalized_title_ssm":["U.S. Department of State--Foreign Service\n Personnel Records, Frederick Earnest Nolting, Jr., 1945/1964"],"text":["U.S. Department of State--Foreign Service\n Personnel Records, Frederick Earnest Nolting, Jr., 1945/1964","Frederick (Fritz) Earnest Nolting, Jr. Papers \n 1890-1989","Series II: Professional Papers","(4 folders)","box 23"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Frederick (Fritz) Earnest Nolting, Jr. Papers \n 1890-1989","Series II: Professional Papers"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Frederick (Fritz) Earnest Nolting, Jr. Papers \n 1890-1989","Series II: Professional Papers"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1945/1964"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1945-1964"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":125,"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Frederick (Fritz) Earnest Nolting, Jr. Papers \n 1890-1989"],"physdesc_tesim":["(4 folders)"],"containers_ssim":["box 23"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["See the \n            \n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy."],"date_range_isim":[1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#50","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:57:07.540Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_viu01884","ead_ssi":"viu_viu01884","_root_":"viu_viu01884","_nest_parent_":"viu_viu01884","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/uva-sc/viu01884.xml","title_ssm":["Frederick (Fritz) Earnest Nolting, Jr. Papers \n 1890-1989"],"title_tesim":["Frederick (Fritz) Earnest Nolting, Jr. Papers \n 1890-1989"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Frederick (Fritz) Earnest Nolting, Jr. Papers \n 1890-1989"],"text":["Frederick (Fritz) Earnest Nolting, Jr. Papers \n 1890-1989","12804","ca. 12,000 items","There are no restrictions.","Educator, diplomat and banker, \n          Frederick Earnest Nolting, Jr. was born\n         August 24, 1911 in Richmond, Virginia to Frederick Earnest\n         Nolting, Sr. and Mary Buford Nolting. Known as \"Fritz,\" he\n         spent his early childhood and student years in Richmond\n         attending the St. Christopher's School. Later as an\n         undergraduate he attended the \n          University of Virginia in Charlottesville\n         where he earned a B.A. degree in history and went on to work\n         as an investment banker in the family business in Richmond for\n         the next five years.","In 1939, Nolting returned to graduate studies at the\n         University of Virginia, earning an M. A. (1940) and a\n         Ph.D.(1942) in philosophy and serving as a lecturing fellow in\n         that field. He also earned a second M.A. in philosophy at\n         Harvard in 1941. During World War II, Nolting served overseas\n         in the Navy, achieving the rank of Lieutenant Commander. In\n         1946, he left the Navy and began a career that would span 18\n         years with the Department of State. His service included\n         assignments as a member of the U.S. Delegation to the United\n         Nations (1951); as Special Assistant to Secretaries of State\n         Dean Acheson and John Foster Dulles for Mutual Security\n         Affairs (1953-1955) and as Alternate U.S. Representative to\n         the North Atlantic Council (NATO) in Paris (1955-1961). In\n         1961, President Kennedy named Nolting as Ambassador to the\n         Republic of South Vietnam where he served until 1963 in what\n         was to be a period of shifting U.S.Vietnamese policy\n         developments that precipitated the overthrow and assassination\n         of President Ngo Dinh Diem.","In 1964, Nolting retired from the U.S. Government to become\n         Vice-President in charge of the European offices of the \n          Morgan Guaranty Trust Company in Paris\n         (1964-1969), then Assistant to the Chairman in New York City\n         (1969-1973) and, finally, as consultant to the company\n         (1973-1976).","During this time, Nolting had returned to the University of\n         Virginia to serve as Diplomat-in-Residence (1971-1973) before\n         going on to hold teaching and administrative posts as Olsson\n         Professor of Business Administration in the Darden School of\n         Business (1973-1976), Professor in the Woodrow Wilson\n         Department of Government and Foreign Affairs and Director of\n         the Miller Center of Public Affairs. He also served as\n         Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the \n          Thomas Jefferson Memorial Foundation and\n         as a member of the \n          Center for Advanced Studies and the \n          International Management and Development\n         Institute.","In 1982, Nolting retired from the University of Virginia\n         and devoted a good deal of his time to the writing of his\n         book, From trust to tragedy : the political memoirs of Frederick Nolting, Kennedy's ambassador to Diem's Vietnam, which he published in 1988. The book serves as\n         Nolting's personal testament to his role as U.S. Ambassador in\n         Saigon and as a critical analysis of the conflicting political\n         strategies that existed among the many policy making players\n         during that volatile period of the U.S. involvement in\n         Vietnam.","On December 14, 1989, at age 78, Nolting died and was\n         survived by his wife, \n          Olivia Lindsay Crumpler whom he had\n         married in 1940 and who is presently residing in\n         Charlottesville and by their four daughters: \n          Mary Nolting Bruner and \n          Jane Nolting Meniktos both of\n         Charlottesville; \n          Grace Lindsay Nolting of Columbia,\n         Virginia and \n          Frances Temple of Geneva, New York.","The contents of Box 29 (personal financial and medical records) were returned to Grace Lindsay Nolting, April 4, 2007. There is a gap in numbering since boxes were not re-numbered.","The collection contains ca. 12,000 items (17 shelf feet)\n         and consists of a large quantity of generally routine personal\n         and official correspondence; a smaller portion of \"Selected\n         Correspondence\" listed by correspondent name; professional\n         papers associated with Nolting's governmental, business and\n         academic career activities; personal papers containing military and property records; manuscript\n         notes, drafts and correspondence relating to Nolting's\n         publications and an assortment of photographs (ca. 500 items),\n         many of which were take during his service in \n          Vietnam.","Interesting documents within the collection groupings\n         include: (a) \n         Correspondence: The exchange of\n         letters with \n          Dean Rusk, \n          W. Averell Harriman and the editors of the\n         New York Times in which Nolting challenges some of the U.S.\n         policy strategies of the 1961-1963 \n          Vietnam experience. (b) \n         Professional Papers: Copies of\n         State Department declassified documents that reveal the\n         unfolding day-to-day actions that led to a major shift in U.S.\n         relations with the South Vietnamese Government and that\n         resulted in the overthrow and death of President Diem. (c) \n         Personal Papers: Records of the \n         Nolting familyinvolvement in the\n         restoration and preservation of the historic \n          Sully and \n          Chantilly properties in \n          Virginia. (d) \n         Photographs: Dramatic photographs\n         of some of the major players involved in the U.S.-Vietnam\n         policy drama of 1961-1964, including: President Diem, \n          Henry Cabot Lodge, \n          W. Averell Harriman, \n          Maxwell Taylor, Vice-President Johnson\n         and Ambassador Nolting.","See the \n            \n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy.","Nolting family","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Frederick (Fritz) Earnest Nolting, Jr. Papers \n 1890-1989"],"collection_ssim":["Frederick (Fritz) Earnest Nolting, Jr. Papers \n 1890-1989"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["12804"],"unitid_tesim":["12804"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_famname_ssim":["Nolting family"],"creators_ssim":["Nolting family"],"access_terms_ssm":["See the \n            \n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection wasa gift from Mrs. Frederick Nolting."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["ca. 12,000 items"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEducator, diplomat and banker, \n          Frederick Earnest Nolting, Jr. was born\n         August 24, 1911 in Richmond, Virginia to Frederick Earnest\n         Nolting, Sr. and Mary Buford Nolting. Known as \"Fritz,\" he\n         spent his early childhood and student years in Richmond\n         attending the St. Christopher's School. Later as an\n         undergraduate he attended the \n          University of Virginia in Charlottesville\n         where he earned a B.A. degree in history and went on to work\n         as an investment banker in the family business in Richmond for\n         the next five years.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn 1939, Nolting returned to graduate studies at the\n         University of Virginia, earning an M. A. (1940) and a\n         Ph.D.(1942) in philosophy and serving as a lecturing fellow in\n         that field. He also earned a second M.A. in philosophy at\n         Harvard in 1941. During World War II, Nolting served overseas\n         in the Navy, achieving the rank of Lieutenant Commander. In\n         1946, he left the Navy and began a career that would span 18\n         years with the Department of State. His service included\n         assignments as a member of the U.S. Delegation to the United\n         Nations (1951); as Special Assistant to Secretaries of State\n         Dean Acheson and John Foster Dulles for Mutual Security\n         Affairs (1953-1955) and as Alternate U.S. Representative to\n         the North Atlantic Council (NATO) in Paris (1955-1961). In\n         1961, President Kennedy named Nolting as Ambassador to the\n         Republic of South Vietnam where he served until 1963 in what\n         was to be a period of shifting U.S.Vietnamese policy\n         developments that precipitated the overthrow and assassination\n         of President Ngo Dinh Diem.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn 1964, Nolting retired from the U.S. Government to become\n         Vice-President in charge of the European offices of the \n          Morgan Guaranty Trust Company in Paris\n         (1964-1969), then Assistant to the Chairman in New York City\n         (1969-1973) and, finally, as consultant to the company\n         (1973-1976).\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eDuring this time, Nolting had returned to the University of\n         Virginia to serve as Diplomat-in-Residence (1971-1973) before\n         going on to hold teaching and administrative posts as Olsson\n         Professor of Business Administration in the Darden School of\n         Business (1973-1976), Professor in the Woodrow Wilson\n         Department of Government and Foreign Affairs and Director of\n         the Miller Center of Public Affairs. He also served as\n         Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the \n          Thomas Jefferson Memorial Foundation and\n         as a member of the \n          Center for Advanced Studies and the \n          International Management and Development\n         Institute.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn 1982, Nolting retired from the University of Virginia\n         and devoted a good deal of his time to the writing of his\n         book, \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eFrom trust to tragedy : the political memoirs of Frederick Nolting, Kennedy's ambassador to Diem's Vietnam,\u003c/title\u003e which he published in 1988. The book serves as\n         Nolting's personal testament to his role as U.S. Ambassador in\n         Saigon and as a critical analysis of the conflicting political\n         strategies that existed among the many policy making players\n         during that volatile period of the U.S. involvement in\n         Vietnam.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eOn December 14, 1989, at age 78, Nolting died and was\n         survived by his wife, \n          Olivia Lindsay Crumpler whom he had\n         married in 1940 and who is presently residing in\n         Charlottesville and by their four daughters: \n          Mary Nolting Bruner and \n          Jane Nolting Meniktos both of\n         Charlottesville; \n          Grace Lindsay Nolting of Columbia,\n         Virginia and \n          Frances Temple of Geneva, New York.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Sketch"],"bioghist_tesim":["Educator, diplomat and banker, \n          Frederick Earnest Nolting, Jr. was born\n         August 24, 1911 in Richmond, Virginia to Frederick Earnest\n         Nolting, Sr. and Mary Buford Nolting. Known as \"Fritz,\" he\n         spent his early childhood and student years in Richmond\n         attending the St. Christopher's School. Later as an\n         undergraduate he attended the \n          University of Virginia in Charlottesville\n         where he earned a B.A. degree in history and went on to work\n         as an investment banker in the family business in Richmond for\n         the next five years.","In 1939, Nolting returned to graduate studies at the\n         University of Virginia, earning an M. A. (1940) and a\n         Ph.D.(1942) in philosophy and serving as a lecturing fellow in\n         that field. He also earned a second M.A. in philosophy at\n         Harvard in 1941. During World War II, Nolting served overseas\n         in the Navy, achieving the rank of Lieutenant Commander. In\n         1946, he left the Navy and began a career that would span 18\n         years with the Department of State. His service included\n         assignments as a member of the U.S. Delegation to the United\n         Nations (1951); as Special Assistant to Secretaries of State\n         Dean Acheson and John Foster Dulles for Mutual Security\n         Affairs (1953-1955) and as Alternate U.S. Representative to\n         the North Atlantic Council (NATO) in Paris (1955-1961). In\n         1961, President Kennedy named Nolting as Ambassador to the\n         Republic of South Vietnam where he served until 1963 in what\n         was to be a period of shifting U.S.Vietnamese policy\n         developments that precipitated the overthrow and assassination\n         of President Ngo Dinh Diem.","In 1964, Nolting retired from the U.S. Government to become\n         Vice-President in charge of the European offices of the \n          Morgan Guaranty Trust Company in Paris\n         (1964-1969), then Assistant to the Chairman in New York City\n         (1969-1973) and, finally, as consultant to the company\n         (1973-1976).","During this time, Nolting had returned to the University of\n         Virginia to serve as Diplomat-in-Residence (1971-1973) before\n         going on to hold teaching and administrative posts as Olsson\n         Professor of Business Administration in the Darden School of\n         Business (1973-1976), Professor in the Woodrow Wilson\n         Department of Government and Foreign Affairs and Director of\n         the Miller Center of Public Affairs. He also served as\n         Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the \n          Thomas Jefferson Memorial Foundation and\n         as a member of the \n          Center for Advanced Studies and the \n          International Management and Development\n         Institute.","In 1982, Nolting retired from the University of Virginia\n         and devoted a good deal of his time to the writing of his\n         book, From trust to tragedy : the political memoirs of Frederick Nolting, Kennedy's ambassador to Diem's Vietnam, which he published in 1988. The book serves as\n         Nolting's personal testament to his role as U.S. Ambassador in\n         Saigon and as a critical analysis of the conflicting political\n         strategies that existed among the many policy making players\n         during that volatile period of the U.S. involvement in\n         Vietnam.","On December 14, 1989, at age 78, Nolting died and was\n         survived by his wife, \n          Olivia Lindsay Crumpler whom he had\n         married in 1940 and who is presently residing in\n         Charlottesville and by their four daughters: \n          Mary Nolting Bruner and \n          Jane Nolting Meniktos both of\n         Charlottesville; \n          Grace Lindsay Nolting of Columbia,\n         Virginia and \n          Frances Temple of Geneva, New York."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrederick (Fritz) Earnest Nolting, Jr. Papers, Accession #12804, Special Collections, University of Virginia Library, Charlottesville, Va.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"prefercite_tesim":["Frederick (Fritz) Earnest Nolting, Jr. Papers, Accession #12804, Special Collections, University of Virginia Library, Charlottesville, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe contents of Box 29 (personal financial and medical records) were returned to Grace Lindsay Nolting, April 4, 2007. There is a gap in numbering since boxes were not re-numbered.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The contents of Box 29 (personal financial and medical records) were returned to Grace Lindsay Nolting, April 4, 2007. There is a gap in numbering since boxes were not re-numbered."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains ca. 12,000 items (17 shelf feet)\n         and consists of a large quantity of generally routine personal\n         and official correspondence; a smaller portion of \"Selected\n         Correspondence\" listed by correspondent name; professional\n         papers associated with Nolting's governmental, business and\n         academic career activities; personal papers containing military and property records; manuscript\n         notes, drafts and correspondence relating to Nolting's\n         publications and an assortment of photographs (ca. 500 items),\n         many of which were take during his service in \n          Vietnam.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eInteresting documents within the collection groupings\n         include: (a) \n         \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eCorrespondence\u003c/emph\u003e: The exchange of\n         letters with \n          Dean Rusk, \n          W. Averell Harriman and the editors of the\n         \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eNew York Times\u003c/title\u003e in which Nolting challenges some of the U.S.\n         policy strategies of the 1961-1963 \n          Vietnam experience. (b) \n         \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eProfessional Papers\u003c/emph\u003e: Copies of\n         State Department declassified documents that reveal the\n         unfolding day-to-day actions that led to a major shift in U.S.\n         relations with the South Vietnamese Government and that\n         resulted in the overthrow and death of President Diem. (c) \n         \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003ePersonal Papers\u003c/emph\u003e: Records of the \n         \u003cfamname\u003eNolting family\u003c/famname\u003einvolvement in the\n         restoration and preservation of the historic \n          Sully and \n          Chantilly properties in \n          Virginia. (d) \n         \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003ePhotographs\u003c/emph\u003e: Dramatic photographs\n         of some of the major players involved in the U.S.-Vietnam\n         policy drama of 1961-1964, including: President Diem, \n          Henry Cabot Lodge, \n          W. Averell Harriman, \n          Maxwell Taylor, Vice-President Johnson\n         and Ambassador Nolting.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains ca. 12,000 items (17 shelf feet)\n         and consists of a large quantity of generally routine personal\n         and official correspondence; a smaller portion of \"Selected\n         Correspondence\" listed by correspondent name; professional\n         papers associated with Nolting's governmental, business and\n         academic career activities; personal papers containing military and property records; manuscript\n         notes, drafts and correspondence relating to Nolting's\n         publications and an assortment of photographs (ca. 500 items),\n         many of which were take during his service in \n          Vietnam.","Interesting documents within the collection groupings\n         include: (a) \n         Correspondence: The exchange of\n         letters with \n          Dean Rusk, \n          W. Averell Harriman and the editors of the\n         New York Times in which Nolting challenges some of the U.S.\n         policy strategies of the 1961-1963 \n          Vietnam experience. (b) \n         Professional Papers: Copies of\n         State Department declassified documents that reveal the\n         unfolding day-to-day actions that led to a major shift in U.S.\n         relations with the South Vietnamese Government and that\n         resulted in the overthrow and death of President Diem. (c) \n         Personal Papers: Records of the \n         Nolting familyinvolvement in the\n         restoration and preservation of the historic \n          Sully and \n          Chantilly properties in \n          Virginia. (d) \n         Photographs: Dramatic photographs\n         of some of the major players involved in the U.S.-Vietnam\n         policy drama of 1961-1964, including: President Diem, \n          Henry Cabot Lodge, \n          W. Averell Harriman, \n          Maxwell Taylor, Vice-President Johnson\n         and Ambassador Nolting."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee the \n            \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.library.virginia.edu/policies/use-of-materials\"\u003e\n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy.\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["See the \n            \n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n      "],"famname_ssim":["Nolting family"],"names_ssim":["Nolting family"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":150,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:57:07.540Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_viu01884_c02_c51"}},{"id":"viu_viu01884_c02_c56","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"U.S. Department of State--Historical\n Background Records, Vietnam, 1956/1988","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_viu01884_c02_c56#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_viu01884_c02_c56","ref_ssm":["viu_viu01884_c02_c56"],"id":"viu_viu01884_c02_c56","ead_ssi":"viu_viu01884","_root_":"viu_viu01884","_nest_parent_":"viu_viu01884_c02","parent_ssi":"viu_viu01884_c02","parent_ssim":["Frederick (Fritz) Earnest Nolting, Jr. Papers \n 1890-1989","Series II: Professional Papers"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_viu01884","viu_viu01884_c02"],"title_filing_ssi":"U.S. Department of State--Historical\n                  Background Records, Vietnam","title_ssm":["U.S. Department of State--Historical\n Background Records, Vietnam"],"title_tesim":["U.S. Department of State--Historical\n Background Records, Vietnam"],"normalized_title_ssm":["U.S. Department of State--Historical\n Background Records, Vietnam, 1956/1988"],"text":["U.S. Department of State--Historical\n Background Records, Vietnam, 1956/1988","Frederick (Fritz) Earnest Nolting, Jr. Papers \n 1890-1989","Series II: Professional Papers","(1-2 of 10 folders)","box 26"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Frederick (Fritz) Earnest Nolting, Jr. Papers \n 1890-1989","Series II: Professional Papers"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Frederick (Fritz) Earnest Nolting, Jr. Papers \n 1890-1989","Series II: Professional Papers"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1956/1988"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1956-1988, n.d."],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":130,"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Frederick (Fritz) Earnest Nolting, Jr. Papers \n 1890-1989"],"physdesc_tesim":["(1-2 of 10 folders)"],"containers_ssim":["box 26"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["See the \n            \n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy."],"date_range_isim":[1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#55","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:57:07.540Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_viu01884","ead_ssi":"viu_viu01884","_root_":"viu_viu01884","_nest_parent_":"viu_viu01884","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/uva-sc/viu01884.xml","title_ssm":["Frederick (Fritz) Earnest Nolting, Jr. Papers \n 1890-1989"],"title_tesim":["Frederick (Fritz) Earnest Nolting, Jr. Papers \n 1890-1989"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Frederick (Fritz) Earnest Nolting, Jr. Papers \n 1890-1989"],"text":["Frederick (Fritz) Earnest Nolting, Jr. Papers \n 1890-1989","12804","ca. 12,000 items","There are no restrictions.","Educator, diplomat and banker, \n          Frederick Earnest Nolting, Jr. was born\n         August 24, 1911 in Richmond, Virginia to Frederick Earnest\n         Nolting, Sr. and Mary Buford Nolting. Known as \"Fritz,\" he\n         spent his early childhood and student years in Richmond\n         attending the St. Christopher's School. Later as an\n         undergraduate he attended the \n          University of Virginia in Charlottesville\n         where he earned a B.A. degree in history and went on to work\n         as an investment banker in the family business in Richmond for\n         the next five years.","In 1939, Nolting returned to graduate studies at the\n         University of Virginia, earning an M. A. (1940) and a\n         Ph.D.(1942) in philosophy and serving as a lecturing fellow in\n         that field. He also earned a second M.A. in philosophy at\n         Harvard in 1941. During World War II, Nolting served overseas\n         in the Navy, achieving the rank of Lieutenant Commander. In\n         1946, he left the Navy and began a career that would span 18\n         years with the Department of State. His service included\n         assignments as a member of the U.S. Delegation to the United\n         Nations (1951); as Special Assistant to Secretaries of State\n         Dean Acheson and John Foster Dulles for Mutual Security\n         Affairs (1953-1955) and as Alternate U.S. Representative to\n         the North Atlantic Council (NATO) in Paris (1955-1961). In\n         1961, President Kennedy named Nolting as Ambassador to the\n         Republic of South Vietnam where he served until 1963 in what\n         was to be a period of shifting U.S.Vietnamese policy\n         developments that precipitated the overthrow and assassination\n         of President Ngo Dinh Diem.","In 1964, Nolting retired from the U.S. Government to become\n         Vice-President in charge of the European offices of the \n          Morgan Guaranty Trust Company in Paris\n         (1964-1969), then Assistant to the Chairman in New York City\n         (1969-1973) and, finally, as consultant to the company\n         (1973-1976).","During this time, Nolting had returned to the University of\n         Virginia to serve as Diplomat-in-Residence (1971-1973) before\n         going on to hold teaching and administrative posts as Olsson\n         Professor of Business Administration in the Darden School of\n         Business (1973-1976), Professor in the Woodrow Wilson\n         Department of Government and Foreign Affairs and Director of\n         the Miller Center of Public Affairs. He also served as\n         Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the \n          Thomas Jefferson Memorial Foundation and\n         as a member of the \n          Center for Advanced Studies and the \n          International Management and Development\n         Institute.","In 1982, Nolting retired from the University of Virginia\n         and devoted a good deal of his time to the writing of his\n         book, From trust to tragedy : the political memoirs of Frederick Nolting, Kennedy's ambassador to Diem's Vietnam, which he published in 1988. The book serves as\n         Nolting's personal testament to his role as U.S. Ambassador in\n         Saigon and as a critical analysis of the conflicting political\n         strategies that existed among the many policy making players\n         during that volatile period of the U.S. involvement in\n         Vietnam.","On December 14, 1989, at age 78, Nolting died and was\n         survived by his wife, \n          Olivia Lindsay Crumpler whom he had\n         married in 1940 and who is presently residing in\n         Charlottesville and by their four daughters: \n          Mary Nolting Bruner and \n          Jane Nolting Meniktos both of\n         Charlottesville; \n          Grace Lindsay Nolting of Columbia,\n         Virginia and \n          Frances Temple of Geneva, New York.","The contents of Box 29 (personal financial and medical records) were returned to Grace Lindsay Nolting, April 4, 2007. There is a gap in numbering since boxes were not re-numbered.","The collection contains ca. 12,000 items (17 shelf feet)\n         and consists of a large quantity of generally routine personal\n         and official correspondence; a smaller portion of \"Selected\n         Correspondence\" listed by correspondent name; professional\n         papers associated with Nolting's governmental, business and\n         academic career activities; personal papers containing military and property records; manuscript\n         notes, drafts and correspondence relating to Nolting's\n         publications and an assortment of photographs (ca. 500 items),\n         many of which were take during his service in \n          Vietnam.","Interesting documents within the collection groupings\n         include: (a) \n         Correspondence: The exchange of\n         letters with \n          Dean Rusk, \n          W. Averell Harriman and the editors of the\n         New York Times in which Nolting challenges some of the U.S.\n         policy strategies of the 1961-1963 \n          Vietnam experience. (b) \n         Professional Papers: Copies of\n         State Department declassified documents that reveal the\n         unfolding day-to-day actions that led to a major shift in U.S.\n         relations with the South Vietnamese Government and that\n         resulted in the overthrow and death of President Diem. (c) \n         Personal Papers: Records of the \n         Nolting familyinvolvement in the\n         restoration and preservation of the historic \n          Sully and \n          Chantilly properties in \n          Virginia. (d) \n         Photographs: Dramatic photographs\n         of some of the major players involved in the U.S.-Vietnam\n         policy drama of 1961-1964, including: President Diem, \n          Henry Cabot Lodge, \n          W. Averell Harriman, \n          Maxwell Taylor, Vice-President Johnson\n         and Ambassador Nolting.","See the \n            \n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy.","Nolting family","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Frederick (Fritz) Earnest Nolting, Jr. Papers \n 1890-1989"],"collection_ssim":["Frederick (Fritz) Earnest Nolting, Jr. Papers \n 1890-1989"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["12804"],"unitid_tesim":["12804"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_famname_ssim":["Nolting family"],"creators_ssim":["Nolting family"],"access_terms_ssm":["See the \n            \n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection wasa gift from Mrs. Frederick Nolting."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["ca. 12,000 items"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEducator, diplomat and banker, \n          Frederick Earnest Nolting, Jr. was born\n         August 24, 1911 in Richmond, Virginia to Frederick Earnest\n         Nolting, Sr. and Mary Buford Nolting. Known as \"Fritz,\" he\n         spent his early childhood and student years in Richmond\n         attending the St. Christopher's School. Later as an\n         undergraduate he attended the \n          University of Virginia in Charlottesville\n         where he earned a B.A. degree in history and went on to work\n         as an investment banker in the family business in Richmond for\n         the next five years.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn 1939, Nolting returned to graduate studies at the\n         University of Virginia, earning an M. A. (1940) and a\n         Ph.D.(1942) in philosophy and serving as a lecturing fellow in\n         that field. He also earned a second M.A. in philosophy at\n         Harvard in 1941. During World War II, Nolting served overseas\n         in the Navy, achieving the rank of Lieutenant Commander. In\n         1946, he left the Navy and began a career that would span 18\n         years with the Department of State. His service included\n         assignments as a member of the U.S. Delegation to the United\n         Nations (1951); as Special Assistant to Secretaries of State\n         Dean Acheson and John Foster Dulles for Mutual Security\n         Affairs (1953-1955) and as Alternate U.S. Representative to\n         the North Atlantic Council (NATO) in Paris (1955-1961). In\n         1961, President Kennedy named Nolting as Ambassador to the\n         Republic of South Vietnam where he served until 1963 in what\n         was to be a period of shifting U.S.Vietnamese policy\n         developments that precipitated the overthrow and assassination\n         of President Ngo Dinh Diem.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn 1964, Nolting retired from the U.S. Government to become\n         Vice-President in charge of the European offices of the \n          Morgan Guaranty Trust Company in Paris\n         (1964-1969), then Assistant to the Chairman in New York City\n         (1969-1973) and, finally, as consultant to the company\n         (1973-1976).\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eDuring this time, Nolting had returned to the University of\n         Virginia to serve as Diplomat-in-Residence (1971-1973) before\n         going on to hold teaching and administrative posts as Olsson\n         Professor of Business Administration in the Darden School of\n         Business (1973-1976), Professor in the Woodrow Wilson\n         Department of Government and Foreign Affairs and Director of\n         the Miller Center of Public Affairs. He also served as\n         Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the \n          Thomas Jefferson Memorial Foundation and\n         as a member of the \n          Center for Advanced Studies and the \n          International Management and Development\n         Institute.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn 1982, Nolting retired from the University of Virginia\n         and devoted a good deal of his time to the writing of his\n         book, \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eFrom trust to tragedy : the political memoirs of Frederick Nolting, Kennedy's ambassador to Diem's Vietnam,\u003c/title\u003e which he published in 1988. The book serves as\n         Nolting's personal testament to his role as U.S. Ambassador in\n         Saigon and as a critical analysis of the conflicting political\n         strategies that existed among the many policy making players\n         during that volatile period of the U.S. involvement in\n         Vietnam.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eOn December 14, 1989, at age 78, Nolting died and was\n         survived by his wife, \n          Olivia Lindsay Crumpler whom he had\n         married in 1940 and who is presently residing in\n         Charlottesville and by their four daughters: \n          Mary Nolting Bruner and \n          Jane Nolting Meniktos both of\n         Charlottesville; \n          Grace Lindsay Nolting of Columbia,\n         Virginia and \n          Frances Temple of Geneva, New York.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Sketch"],"bioghist_tesim":["Educator, diplomat and banker, \n          Frederick Earnest Nolting, Jr. was born\n         August 24, 1911 in Richmond, Virginia to Frederick Earnest\n         Nolting, Sr. and Mary Buford Nolting. Known as \"Fritz,\" he\n         spent his early childhood and student years in Richmond\n         attending the St. Christopher's School. Later as an\n         undergraduate he attended the \n          University of Virginia in Charlottesville\n         where he earned a B.A. degree in history and went on to work\n         as an investment banker in the family business in Richmond for\n         the next five years.","In 1939, Nolting returned to graduate studies at the\n         University of Virginia, earning an M. A. (1940) and a\n         Ph.D.(1942) in philosophy and serving as a lecturing fellow in\n         that field. He also earned a second M.A. in philosophy at\n         Harvard in 1941. During World War II, Nolting served overseas\n         in the Navy, achieving the rank of Lieutenant Commander. In\n         1946, he left the Navy and began a career that would span 18\n         years with the Department of State. His service included\n         assignments as a member of the U.S. Delegation to the United\n         Nations (1951); as Special Assistant to Secretaries of State\n         Dean Acheson and John Foster Dulles for Mutual Security\n         Affairs (1953-1955) and as Alternate U.S. Representative to\n         the North Atlantic Council (NATO) in Paris (1955-1961). In\n         1961, President Kennedy named Nolting as Ambassador to the\n         Republic of South Vietnam where he served until 1963 in what\n         was to be a period of shifting U.S.Vietnamese policy\n         developments that precipitated the overthrow and assassination\n         of President Ngo Dinh Diem.","In 1964, Nolting retired from the U.S. Government to become\n         Vice-President in charge of the European offices of the \n          Morgan Guaranty Trust Company in Paris\n         (1964-1969), then Assistant to the Chairman in New York City\n         (1969-1973) and, finally, as consultant to the company\n         (1973-1976).","During this time, Nolting had returned to the University of\n         Virginia to serve as Diplomat-in-Residence (1971-1973) before\n         going on to hold teaching and administrative posts as Olsson\n         Professor of Business Administration in the Darden School of\n         Business (1973-1976), Professor in the Woodrow Wilson\n         Department of Government and Foreign Affairs and Director of\n         the Miller Center of Public Affairs. He also served as\n         Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the \n          Thomas Jefferson Memorial Foundation and\n         as a member of the \n          Center for Advanced Studies and the \n          International Management and Development\n         Institute.","In 1982, Nolting retired from the University of Virginia\n         and devoted a good deal of his time to the writing of his\n         book, From trust to tragedy : the political memoirs of Frederick Nolting, Kennedy's ambassador to Diem's Vietnam, which he published in 1988. The book serves as\n         Nolting's personal testament to his role as U.S. Ambassador in\n         Saigon and as a critical analysis of the conflicting political\n         strategies that existed among the many policy making players\n         during that volatile period of the U.S. involvement in\n         Vietnam.","On December 14, 1989, at age 78, Nolting died and was\n         survived by his wife, \n          Olivia Lindsay Crumpler whom he had\n         married in 1940 and who is presently residing in\n         Charlottesville and by their four daughters: \n          Mary Nolting Bruner and \n          Jane Nolting Meniktos both of\n         Charlottesville; \n          Grace Lindsay Nolting of Columbia,\n         Virginia and \n          Frances Temple of Geneva, New York."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrederick (Fritz) Earnest Nolting, Jr. Papers, Accession #12804, Special Collections, University of Virginia Library, Charlottesville, Va.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"prefercite_tesim":["Frederick (Fritz) Earnest Nolting, Jr. Papers, Accession #12804, Special Collections, University of Virginia Library, Charlottesville, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe contents of Box 29 (personal financial and medical records) were returned to Grace Lindsay Nolting, April 4, 2007. There is a gap in numbering since boxes were not re-numbered.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The contents of Box 29 (personal financial and medical records) were returned to Grace Lindsay Nolting, April 4, 2007. There is a gap in numbering since boxes were not re-numbered."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains ca. 12,000 items (17 shelf feet)\n         and consists of a large quantity of generally routine personal\n         and official correspondence; a smaller portion of \"Selected\n         Correspondence\" listed by correspondent name; professional\n         papers associated with Nolting's governmental, business and\n         academic career activities; personal papers containing military and property records; manuscript\n         notes, drafts and correspondence relating to Nolting's\n         publications and an assortment of photographs (ca. 500 items),\n         many of which were take during his service in \n          Vietnam.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eInteresting documents within the collection groupings\n         include: (a) \n         \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eCorrespondence\u003c/emph\u003e: The exchange of\n         letters with \n          Dean Rusk, \n          W. Averell Harriman and the editors of the\n         \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eNew York Times\u003c/title\u003e in which Nolting challenges some of the U.S.\n         policy strategies of the 1961-1963 \n          Vietnam experience. (b) \n         \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eProfessional Papers\u003c/emph\u003e: Copies of\n         State Department declassified documents that reveal the\n         unfolding day-to-day actions that led to a major shift in U.S.\n         relations with the South Vietnamese Government and that\n         resulted in the overthrow and death of President Diem. (c) \n         \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003ePersonal Papers\u003c/emph\u003e: Records of the \n         \u003cfamname\u003eNolting family\u003c/famname\u003einvolvement in the\n         restoration and preservation of the historic \n          Sully and \n          Chantilly properties in \n          Virginia. (d) \n         \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003ePhotographs\u003c/emph\u003e: Dramatic photographs\n         of some of the major players involved in the U.S.-Vietnam\n         policy drama of 1961-1964, including: President Diem, \n          Henry Cabot Lodge, \n          W. Averell Harriman, \n          Maxwell Taylor, Vice-President Johnson\n         and Ambassador Nolting.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains ca. 12,000 items (17 shelf feet)\n         and consists of a large quantity of generally routine personal\n         and official correspondence; a smaller portion of \"Selected\n         Correspondence\" listed by correspondent name; professional\n         papers associated with Nolting's governmental, business and\n         academic career activities; personal papers containing military and property records; manuscript\n         notes, drafts and correspondence relating to Nolting's\n         publications and an assortment of photographs (ca. 500 items),\n         many of which were take during his service in \n          Vietnam.","Interesting documents within the collection groupings\n         include: (a) \n         Correspondence: The exchange of\n         letters with \n          Dean Rusk, \n          W. Averell Harriman and the editors of the\n         New York Times in which Nolting challenges some of the U.S.\n         policy strategies of the 1961-1963 \n          Vietnam experience. (b) \n         Professional Papers: Copies of\n         State Department declassified documents that reveal the\n         unfolding day-to-day actions that led to a major shift in U.S.\n         relations with the South Vietnamese Government and that\n         resulted in the overthrow and death of President Diem. (c) \n         Personal Papers: Records of the \n         Nolting familyinvolvement in the\n         restoration and preservation of the historic \n          Sully and \n          Chantilly properties in \n          Virginia. (d) \n         Photographs: Dramatic photographs\n         of some of the major players involved in the U.S.-Vietnam\n         policy drama of 1961-1964, including: President Diem, \n          Henry Cabot Lodge, \n          W. Averell Harriman, \n          Maxwell Taylor, Vice-President Johnson\n         and Ambassador Nolting."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee the \n            \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.library.virginia.edu/policies/use-of-materials\"\u003e\n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy.\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["See the \n            \n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n      "],"famname_ssim":["Nolting family"],"names_ssim":["Nolting family"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":150,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:57:07.540Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_viu01884_c02_c56"}},{"id":"viu_viu01884_c02_c57","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"U.S. Department of State--Historical\n Background Records, Vietnam, 1956/1988","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_viu01884_c02_c57#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_viu01884_c02_c57","ref_ssm":["viu_viu01884_c02_c57"],"id":"viu_viu01884_c02_c57","ead_ssi":"viu_viu01884","_root_":"viu_viu01884","_nest_parent_":"viu_viu01884_c02","parent_ssi":"viu_viu01884_c02","parent_ssim":["Frederick (Fritz) Earnest Nolting, Jr. Papers \n 1890-1989","Series II: Professional Papers"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_viu01884","viu_viu01884_c02"],"title_filing_ssi":"U.S. Department of State--Historical\n                  Background Records, Vietnam","title_ssm":["U.S. Department of State--Historical\n Background Records, Vietnam"],"title_tesim":["U.S. Department of State--Historical\n Background Records, Vietnam"],"normalized_title_ssm":["U.S. Department of State--Historical\n Background Records, Vietnam, 1956/1988"],"text":["U.S. Department of State--Historical\n Background Records, Vietnam, 1956/1988","Frederick (Fritz) Earnest Nolting, Jr. Papers \n 1890-1989","Series II: Professional Papers","(3-6 of 10 folders)","box 27"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Frederick (Fritz) Earnest Nolting, Jr. Papers \n 1890-1989","Series II: Professional Papers"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Frederick (Fritz) Earnest Nolting, Jr. Papers \n 1890-1989","Series II: Professional Papers"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1956/1988"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1956-1988, n.d."],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":131,"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Frederick (Fritz) Earnest Nolting, Jr. Papers \n 1890-1989"],"physdesc_tesim":["(3-6 of 10 folders)"],"containers_ssim":["box 27"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["See the \n            \n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy."],"date_range_isim":[1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#56","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:57:07.540Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_viu01884","ead_ssi":"viu_viu01884","_root_":"viu_viu01884","_nest_parent_":"viu_viu01884","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/uva-sc/viu01884.xml","title_ssm":["Frederick (Fritz) Earnest Nolting, Jr. Papers \n 1890-1989"],"title_tesim":["Frederick (Fritz) Earnest Nolting, Jr. Papers \n 1890-1989"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Frederick (Fritz) Earnest Nolting, Jr. Papers \n 1890-1989"],"text":["Frederick (Fritz) Earnest Nolting, Jr. Papers \n 1890-1989","12804","ca. 12,000 items","There are no restrictions.","Educator, diplomat and banker, \n          Frederick Earnest Nolting, Jr. was born\n         August 24, 1911 in Richmond, Virginia to Frederick Earnest\n         Nolting, Sr. and Mary Buford Nolting. Known as \"Fritz,\" he\n         spent his early childhood and student years in Richmond\n         attending the St. Christopher's School. Later as an\n         undergraduate he attended the \n          University of Virginia in Charlottesville\n         where he earned a B.A. degree in history and went on to work\n         as an investment banker in the family business in Richmond for\n         the next five years.","In 1939, Nolting returned to graduate studies at the\n         University of Virginia, earning an M. A. (1940) and a\n         Ph.D.(1942) in philosophy and serving as a lecturing fellow in\n         that field. He also earned a second M.A. in philosophy at\n         Harvard in 1941. During World War II, Nolting served overseas\n         in the Navy, achieving the rank of Lieutenant Commander. In\n         1946, he left the Navy and began a career that would span 18\n         years with the Department of State. His service included\n         assignments as a member of the U.S. Delegation to the United\n         Nations (1951); as Special Assistant to Secretaries of State\n         Dean Acheson and John Foster Dulles for Mutual Security\n         Affairs (1953-1955) and as Alternate U.S. Representative to\n         the North Atlantic Council (NATO) in Paris (1955-1961). In\n         1961, President Kennedy named Nolting as Ambassador to the\n         Republic of South Vietnam where he served until 1963 in what\n         was to be a period of shifting U.S.Vietnamese policy\n         developments that precipitated the overthrow and assassination\n         of President Ngo Dinh Diem.","In 1964, Nolting retired from the U.S. Government to become\n         Vice-President in charge of the European offices of the \n          Morgan Guaranty Trust Company in Paris\n         (1964-1969), then Assistant to the Chairman in New York City\n         (1969-1973) and, finally, as consultant to the company\n         (1973-1976).","During this time, Nolting had returned to the University of\n         Virginia to serve as Diplomat-in-Residence (1971-1973) before\n         going on to hold teaching and administrative posts as Olsson\n         Professor of Business Administration in the Darden School of\n         Business (1973-1976), Professor in the Woodrow Wilson\n         Department of Government and Foreign Affairs and Director of\n         the Miller Center of Public Affairs. He also served as\n         Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the \n          Thomas Jefferson Memorial Foundation and\n         as a member of the \n          Center for Advanced Studies and the \n          International Management and Development\n         Institute.","In 1982, Nolting retired from the University of Virginia\n         and devoted a good deal of his time to the writing of his\n         book, From trust to tragedy : the political memoirs of Frederick Nolting, Kennedy's ambassador to Diem's Vietnam, which he published in 1988. The book serves as\n         Nolting's personal testament to his role as U.S. Ambassador in\n         Saigon and as a critical analysis of the conflicting political\n         strategies that existed among the many policy making players\n         during that volatile period of the U.S. involvement in\n         Vietnam.","On December 14, 1989, at age 78, Nolting died and was\n         survived by his wife, \n          Olivia Lindsay Crumpler whom he had\n         married in 1940 and who is presently residing in\n         Charlottesville and by their four daughters: \n          Mary Nolting Bruner and \n          Jane Nolting Meniktos both of\n         Charlottesville; \n          Grace Lindsay Nolting of Columbia,\n         Virginia and \n          Frances Temple of Geneva, New York.","The contents of Box 29 (personal financial and medical records) were returned to Grace Lindsay Nolting, April 4, 2007. There is a gap in numbering since boxes were not re-numbered.","The collection contains ca. 12,000 items (17 shelf feet)\n         and consists of a large quantity of generally routine personal\n         and official correspondence; a smaller portion of \"Selected\n         Correspondence\" listed by correspondent name; professional\n         papers associated with Nolting's governmental, business and\n         academic career activities; personal papers containing military and property records; manuscript\n         notes, drafts and correspondence relating to Nolting's\n         publications and an assortment of photographs (ca. 500 items),\n         many of which were take during his service in \n          Vietnam.","Interesting documents within the collection groupings\n         include: (a) \n         Correspondence: The exchange of\n         letters with \n          Dean Rusk, \n          W. Averell Harriman and the editors of the\n         New York Times in which Nolting challenges some of the U.S.\n         policy strategies of the 1961-1963 \n          Vietnam experience. (b) \n         Professional Papers: Copies of\n         State Department declassified documents that reveal the\n         unfolding day-to-day actions that led to a major shift in U.S.\n         relations with the South Vietnamese Government and that\n         resulted in the overthrow and death of President Diem. (c) \n         Personal Papers: Records of the \n         Nolting familyinvolvement in the\n         restoration and preservation of the historic \n          Sully and \n          Chantilly properties in \n          Virginia. (d) \n         Photographs: Dramatic photographs\n         of some of the major players involved in the U.S.-Vietnam\n         policy drama of 1961-1964, including: President Diem, \n          Henry Cabot Lodge, \n          W. Averell Harriman, \n          Maxwell Taylor, Vice-President Johnson\n         and Ambassador Nolting.","See the \n            \n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy.","Nolting family","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Frederick (Fritz) Earnest Nolting, Jr. Papers \n 1890-1989"],"collection_ssim":["Frederick (Fritz) Earnest Nolting, Jr. Papers \n 1890-1989"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["12804"],"unitid_tesim":["12804"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_famname_ssim":["Nolting family"],"creators_ssim":["Nolting family"],"access_terms_ssm":["See the \n            \n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection wasa gift from Mrs. Frederick Nolting."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["ca. 12,000 items"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEducator, diplomat and banker, \n          Frederick Earnest Nolting, Jr. was born\n         August 24, 1911 in Richmond, Virginia to Frederick Earnest\n         Nolting, Sr. and Mary Buford Nolting. Known as \"Fritz,\" he\n         spent his early childhood and student years in Richmond\n         attending the St. Christopher's School. Later as an\n         undergraduate he attended the \n          University of Virginia in Charlottesville\n         where he earned a B.A. degree in history and went on to work\n         as an investment banker in the family business in Richmond for\n         the next five years.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn 1939, Nolting returned to graduate studies at the\n         University of Virginia, earning an M. A. (1940) and a\n         Ph.D.(1942) in philosophy and serving as a lecturing fellow in\n         that field. He also earned a second M.A. in philosophy at\n         Harvard in 1941. During World War II, Nolting served overseas\n         in the Navy, achieving the rank of Lieutenant Commander. In\n         1946, he left the Navy and began a career that would span 18\n         years with the Department of State. His service included\n         assignments as a member of the U.S. Delegation to the United\n         Nations (1951); as Special Assistant to Secretaries of State\n         Dean Acheson and John Foster Dulles for Mutual Security\n         Affairs (1953-1955) and as Alternate U.S. Representative to\n         the North Atlantic Council (NATO) in Paris (1955-1961). In\n         1961, President Kennedy named Nolting as Ambassador to the\n         Republic of South Vietnam where he served until 1963 in what\n         was to be a period of shifting U.S.Vietnamese policy\n         developments that precipitated the overthrow and assassination\n         of President Ngo Dinh Diem.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn 1964, Nolting retired from the U.S. Government to become\n         Vice-President in charge of the European offices of the \n          Morgan Guaranty Trust Company in Paris\n         (1964-1969), then Assistant to the Chairman in New York City\n         (1969-1973) and, finally, as consultant to the company\n         (1973-1976).\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eDuring this time, Nolting had returned to the University of\n         Virginia to serve as Diplomat-in-Residence (1971-1973) before\n         going on to hold teaching and administrative posts as Olsson\n         Professor of Business Administration in the Darden School of\n         Business (1973-1976), Professor in the Woodrow Wilson\n         Department of Government and Foreign Affairs and Director of\n         the Miller Center of Public Affairs. He also served as\n         Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the \n          Thomas Jefferson Memorial Foundation and\n         as a member of the \n          Center for Advanced Studies and the \n          International Management and Development\n         Institute.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn 1982, Nolting retired from the University of Virginia\n         and devoted a good deal of his time to the writing of his\n         book, \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eFrom trust to tragedy : the political memoirs of Frederick Nolting, Kennedy's ambassador to Diem's Vietnam,\u003c/title\u003e which he published in 1988. The book serves as\n         Nolting's personal testament to his role as U.S. Ambassador in\n         Saigon and as a critical analysis of the conflicting political\n         strategies that existed among the many policy making players\n         during that volatile period of the U.S. involvement in\n         Vietnam.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eOn December 14, 1989, at age 78, Nolting died and was\n         survived by his wife, \n          Olivia Lindsay Crumpler whom he had\n         married in 1940 and who is presently residing in\n         Charlottesville and by their four daughters: \n          Mary Nolting Bruner and \n          Jane Nolting Meniktos both of\n         Charlottesville; \n          Grace Lindsay Nolting of Columbia,\n         Virginia and \n          Frances Temple of Geneva, New York.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Sketch"],"bioghist_tesim":["Educator, diplomat and banker, \n          Frederick Earnest Nolting, Jr. was born\n         August 24, 1911 in Richmond, Virginia to Frederick Earnest\n         Nolting, Sr. and Mary Buford Nolting. Known as \"Fritz,\" he\n         spent his early childhood and student years in Richmond\n         attending the St. Christopher's School. Later as an\n         undergraduate he attended the \n          University of Virginia in Charlottesville\n         where he earned a B.A. degree in history and went on to work\n         as an investment banker in the family business in Richmond for\n         the next five years.","In 1939, Nolting returned to graduate studies at the\n         University of Virginia, earning an M. A. (1940) and a\n         Ph.D.(1942) in philosophy and serving as a lecturing fellow in\n         that field. He also earned a second M.A. in philosophy at\n         Harvard in 1941. During World War II, Nolting served overseas\n         in the Navy, achieving the rank of Lieutenant Commander. In\n         1946, he left the Navy and began a career that would span 18\n         years with the Department of State. His service included\n         assignments as a member of the U.S. Delegation to the United\n         Nations (1951); as Special Assistant to Secretaries of State\n         Dean Acheson and John Foster Dulles for Mutual Security\n         Affairs (1953-1955) and as Alternate U.S. Representative to\n         the North Atlantic Council (NATO) in Paris (1955-1961). In\n         1961, President Kennedy named Nolting as Ambassador to the\n         Republic of South Vietnam where he served until 1963 in what\n         was to be a period of shifting U.S.Vietnamese policy\n         developments that precipitated the overthrow and assassination\n         of President Ngo Dinh Diem.","In 1964, Nolting retired from the U.S. Government to become\n         Vice-President in charge of the European offices of the \n          Morgan Guaranty Trust Company in Paris\n         (1964-1969), then Assistant to the Chairman in New York City\n         (1969-1973) and, finally, as consultant to the company\n         (1973-1976).","During this time, Nolting had returned to the University of\n         Virginia to serve as Diplomat-in-Residence (1971-1973) before\n         going on to hold teaching and administrative posts as Olsson\n         Professor of Business Administration in the Darden School of\n         Business (1973-1976), Professor in the Woodrow Wilson\n         Department of Government and Foreign Affairs and Director of\n         the Miller Center of Public Affairs. He also served as\n         Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the \n          Thomas Jefferson Memorial Foundation and\n         as a member of the \n          Center for Advanced Studies and the \n          International Management and Development\n         Institute.","In 1982, Nolting retired from the University of Virginia\n         and devoted a good deal of his time to the writing of his\n         book, From trust to tragedy : the political memoirs of Frederick Nolting, Kennedy's ambassador to Diem's Vietnam, which he published in 1988. The book serves as\n         Nolting's personal testament to his role as U.S. Ambassador in\n         Saigon and as a critical analysis of the conflicting political\n         strategies that existed among the many policy making players\n         during that volatile period of the U.S. involvement in\n         Vietnam.","On December 14, 1989, at age 78, Nolting died and was\n         survived by his wife, \n          Olivia Lindsay Crumpler whom he had\n         married in 1940 and who is presently residing in\n         Charlottesville and by their four daughters: \n          Mary Nolting Bruner and \n          Jane Nolting Meniktos both of\n         Charlottesville; \n          Grace Lindsay Nolting of Columbia,\n         Virginia and \n          Frances Temple of Geneva, New York."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrederick (Fritz) Earnest Nolting, Jr. Papers, Accession #12804, Special Collections, University of Virginia Library, Charlottesville, Va.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"prefercite_tesim":["Frederick (Fritz) Earnest Nolting, Jr. Papers, Accession #12804, Special Collections, University of Virginia Library, Charlottesville, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe contents of Box 29 (personal financial and medical records) were returned to Grace Lindsay Nolting, April 4, 2007. There is a gap in numbering since boxes were not re-numbered.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The contents of Box 29 (personal financial and medical records) were returned to Grace Lindsay Nolting, April 4, 2007. There is a gap in numbering since boxes were not re-numbered."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains ca. 12,000 items (17 shelf feet)\n         and consists of a large quantity of generally routine personal\n         and official correspondence; a smaller portion of \"Selected\n         Correspondence\" listed by correspondent name; professional\n         papers associated with Nolting's governmental, business and\n         academic career activities; personal papers containing military and property records; manuscript\n         notes, drafts and correspondence relating to Nolting's\n         publications and an assortment of photographs (ca. 500 items),\n         many of which were take during his service in \n          Vietnam.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eInteresting documents within the collection groupings\n         include: (a) \n         \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eCorrespondence\u003c/emph\u003e: The exchange of\n         letters with \n          Dean Rusk, \n          W. Averell Harriman and the editors of the\n         \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eNew York Times\u003c/title\u003e in which Nolting challenges some of the U.S.\n         policy strategies of the 1961-1963 \n          Vietnam experience. (b) \n         \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eProfessional Papers\u003c/emph\u003e: Copies of\n         State Department declassified documents that reveal the\n         unfolding day-to-day actions that led to a major shift in U.S.\n         relations with the South Vietnamese Government and that\n         resulted in the overthrow and death of President Diem. (c) \n         \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003ePersonal Papers\u003c/emph\u003e: Records of the \n         \u003cfamname\u003eNolting family\u003c/famname\u003einvolvement in the\n         restoration and preservation of the historic \n          Sully and \n          Chantilly properties in \n          Virginia. (d) \n         \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003ePhotographs\u003c/emph\u003e: Dramatic photographs\n         of some of the major players involved in the U.S.-Vietnam\n         policy drama of 1961-1964, including: President Diem, \n          Henry Cabot Lodge, \n          W. Averell Harriman, \n          Maxwell Taylor, Vice-President Johnson\n         and Ambassador Nolting.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains ca. 12,000 items (17 shelf feet)\n         and consists of a large quantity of generally routine personal\n         and official correspondence; a smaller portion of \"Selected\n         Correspondence\" listed by correspondent name; professional\n         papers associated with Nolting's governmental, business and\n         academic career activities; personal papers containing military and property records; manuscript\n         notes, drafts and correspondence relating to Nolting's\n         publications and an assortment of photographs (ca. 500 items),\n         many of which were take during his service in \n          Vietnam.","Interesting documents within the collection groupings\n         include: (a) \n         Correspondence: The exchange of\n         letters with \n          Dean Rusk, \n          W. Averell Harriman and the editors of the\n         New York Times in which Nolting challenges some of the U.S.\n         policy strategies of the 1961-1963 \n          Vietnam experience. (b) \n         Professional Papers: Copies of\n         State Department declassified documents that reveal the\n         unfolding day-to-day actions that led to a major shift in U.S.\n         relations with the South Vietnamese Government and that\n         resulted in the overthrow and death of President Diem. (c) \n         Personal Papers: Records of the \n         Nolting familyinvolvement in the\n         restoration and preservation of the historic \n          Sully and \n          Chantilly properties in \n          Virginia. (d) \n         Photographs: Dramatic photographs\n         of some of the major players involved in the U.S.-Vietnam\n         policy drama of 1961-1964, including: President Diem, \n          Henry Cabot Lodge, \n          W. Averell Harriman, \n          Maxwell Taylor, Vice-President Johnson\n         and Ambassador Nolting."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee the \n            \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.library.virginia.edu/policies/use-of-materials\"\u003e\n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy.\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["See the \n            \n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n      "],"famname_ssim":["Nolting family"],"names_ssim":["Nolting family"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":150,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:57:07.540Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_viu01884_c02_c57"}},{"id":"viu_viu01884_c02_c58","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"U.S. Department of State--Historical\n Background Records, Vietnam, 1956/1988","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_viu01884_c02_c58#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_viu01884_c02_c58","ref_ssm":["viu_viu01884_c02_c58"],"id":"viu_viu01884_c02_c58","ead_ssi":"viu_viu01884","_root_":"viu_viu01884","_nest_parent_":"viu_viu01884_c02","parent_ssi":"viu_viu01884_c02","parent_ssim":["Frederick (Fritz) Earnest Nolting, Jr. Papers \n 1890-1989","Series II: Professional Papers"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_viu01884","viu_viu01884_c02"],"title_filing_ssi":"U.S. Department of State--Historical\n                  Background Records, Vietnam","title_ssm":["U.S. Department of State--Historical\n Background Records, Vietnam"],"title_tesim":["U.S. Department of State--Historical\n Background Records, Vietnam"],"normalized_title_ssm":["U.S. Department of State--Historical\n Background Records, Vietnam, 1956/1988"],"text":["U.S. Department of State--Historical\n Background Records, Vietnam, 1956/1988","Frederick (Fritz) Earnest Nolting, Jr. Papers \n 1890-1989","Series II: Professional Papers","(7-10 of 10 folders)","box 28"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Frederick (Fritz) Earnest Nolting, Jr. Papers \n 1890-1989","Series II: Professional Papers"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Frederick (Fritz) Earnest Nolting, Jr. Papers \n 1890-1989","Series II: Professional Papers"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1956/1988"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1956-1988, n.d."],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":132,"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Frederick (Fritz) Earnest Nolting, Jr. Papers \n 1890-1989"],"physdesc_tesim":["(7-10 of 10 folders)"],"containers_ssim":["box 28"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["See the \n            \n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy."],"date_range_isim":[1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#57","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:57:07.540Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_viu01884","ead_ssi":"viu_viu01884","_root_":"viu_viu01884","_nest_parent_":"viu_viu01884","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/uva-sc/viu01884.xml","title_ssm":["Frederick (Fritz) Earnest Nolting, Jr. Papers \n 1890-1989"],"title_tesim":["Frederick (Fritz) Earnest Nolting, Jr. Papers \n 1890-1989"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Frederick (Fritz) Earnest Nolting, Jr. Papers \n 1890-1989"],"text":["Frederick (Fritz) Earnest Nolting, Jr. Papers \n 1890-1989","12804","ca. 12,000 items","There are no restrictions.","Educator, diplomat and banker, \n          Frederick Earnest Nolting, Jr. was born\n         August 24, 1911 in Richmond, Virginia to Frederick Earnest\n         Nolting, Sr. and Mary Buford Nolting. Known as \"Fritz,\" he\n         spent his early childhood and student years in Richmond\n         attending the St. Christopher's School. Later as an\n         undergraduate he attended the \n          University of Virginia in Charlottesville\n         where he earned a B.A. degree in history and went on to work\n         as an investment banker in the family business in Richmond for\n         the next five years.","In 1939, Nolting returned to graduate studies at the\n         University of Virginia, earning an M. A. (1940) and a\n         Ph.D.(1942) in philosophy and serving as a lecturing fellow in\n         that field. He also earned a second M.A. in philosophy at\n         Harvard in 1941. During World War II, Nolting served overseas\n         in the Navy, achieving the rank of Lieutenant Commander. In\n         1946, he left the Navy and began a career that would span 18\n         years with the Department of State. His service included\n         assignments as a member of the U.S. Delegation to the United\n         Nations (1951); as Special Assistant to Secretaries of State\n         Dean Acheson and John Foster Dulles for Mutual Security\n         Affairs (1953-1955) and as Alternate U.S. Representative to\n         the North Atlantic Council (NATO) in Paris (1955-1961). In\n         1961, President Kennedy named Nolting as Ambassador to the\n         Republic of South Vietnam where he served until 1963 in what\n         was to be a period of shifting U.S.Vietnamese policy\n         developments that precipitated the overthrow and assassination\n         of President Ngo Dinh Diem.","In 1964, Nolting retired from the U.S. Government to become\n         Vice-President in charge of the European offices of the \n          Morgan Guaranty Trust Company in Paris\n         (1964-1969), then Assistant to the Chairman in New York City\n         (1969-1973) and, finally, as consultant to the company\n         (1973-1976).","During this time, Nolting had returned to the University of\n         Virginia to serve as Diplomat-in-Residence (1971-1973) before\n         going on to hold teaching and administrative posts as Olsson\n         Professor of Business Administration in the Darden School of\n         Business (1973-1976), Professor in the Woodrow Wilson\n         Department of Government and Foreign Affairs and Director of\n         the Miller Center of Public Affairs. He also served as\n         Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the \n          Thomas Jefferson Memorial Foundation and\n         as a member of the \n          Center for Advanced Studies and the \n          International Management and Development\n         Institute.","In 1982, Nolting retired from the University of Virginia\n         and devoted a good deal of his time to the writing of his\n         book, From trust to tragedy : the political memoirs of Frederick Nolting, Kennedy's ambassador to Diem's Vietnam, which he published in 1988. The book serves as\n         Nolting's personal testament to his role as U.S. Ambassador in\n         Saigon and as a critical analysis of the conflicting political\n         strategies that existed among the many policy making players\n         during that volatile period of the U.S. involvement in\n         Vietnam.","On December 14, 1989, at age 78, Nolting died and was\n         survived by his wife, \n          Olivia Lindsay Crumpler whom he had\n         married in 1940 and who is presently residing in\n         Charlottesville and by their four daughters: \n          Mary Nolting Bruner and \n          Jane Nolting Meniktos both of\n         Charlottesville; \n          Grace Lindsay Nolting of Columbia,\n         Virginia and \n          Frances Temple of Geneva, New York.","The contents of Box 29 (personal financial and medical records) were returned to Grace Lindsay Nolting, April 4, 2007. There is a gap in numbering since boxes were not re-numbered.","The collection contains ca. 12,000 items (17 shelf feet)\n         and consists of a large quantity of generally routine personal\n         and official correspondence; a smaller portion of \"Selected\n         Correspondence\" listed by correspondent name; professional\n         papers associated with Nolting's governmental, business and\n         academic career activities; personal papers containing military and property records; manuscript\n         notes, drafts and correspondence relating to Nolting's\n         publications and an assortment of photographs (ca. 500 items),\n         many of which were take during his service in \n          Vietnam.","Interesting documents within the collection groupings\n         include: (a) \n         Correspondence: The exchange of\n         letters with \n          Dean Rusk, \n          W. Averell Harriman and the editors of the\n         New York Times in which Nolting challenges some of the U.S.\n         policy strategies of the 1961-1963 \n          Vietnam experience. (b) \n         Professional Papers: Copies of\n         State Department declassified documents that reveal the\n         unfolding day-to-day actions that led to a major shift in U.S.\n         relations with the South Vietnamese Government and that\n         resulted in the overthrow and death of President Diem. (c) \n         Personal Papers: Records of the \n         Nolting familyinvolvement in the\n         restoration and preservation of the historic \n          Sully and \n          Chantilly properties in \n          Virginia. (d) \n         Photographs: Dramatic photographs\n         of some of the major players involved in the U.S.-Vietnam\n         policy drama of 1961-1964, including: President Diem, \n          Henry Cabot Lodge, \n          W. Averell Harriman, \n          Maxwell Taylor, Vice-President Johnson\n         and Ambassador Nolting.","See the \n            \n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy.","Nolting family","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Frederick (Fritz) Earnest Nolting, Jr. Papers \n 1890-1989"],"collection_ssim":["Frederick (Fritz) Earnest Nolting, Jr. Papers \n 1890-1989"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["12804"],"unitid_tesim":["12804"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_famname_ssim":["Nolting family"],"creators_ssim":["Nolting family"],"access_terms_ssm":["See the \n            \n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection wasa gift from Mrs. Frederick Nolting."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["ca. 12,000 items"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEducator, diplomat and banker, \n          Frederick Earnest Nolting, Jr. was born\n         August 24, 1911 in Richmond, Virginia to Frederick Earnest\n         Nolting, Sr. and Mary Buford Nolting. Known as \"Fritz,\" he\n         spent his early childhood and student years in Richmond\n         attending the St. Christopher's School. Later as an\n         undergraduate he attended the \n          University of Virginia in Charlottesville\n         where he earned a B.A. degree in history and went on to work\n         as an investment banker in the family business in Richmond for\n         the next five years.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn 1939, Nolting returned to graduate studies at the\n         University of Virginia, earning an M. A. (1940) and a\n         Ph.D.(1942) in philosophy and serving as a lecturing fellow in\n         that field. He also earned a second M.A. in philosophy at\n         Harvard in 1941. During World War II, Nolting served overseas\n         in the Navy, achieving the rank of Lieutenant Commander. In\n         1946, he left the Navy and began a career that would span 18\n         years with the Department of State. His service included\n         assignments as a member of the U.S. Delegation to the United\n         Nations (1951); as Special Assistant to Secretaries of State\n         Dean Acheson and John Foster Dulles for Mutual Security\n         Affairs (1953-1955) and as Alternate U.S. Representative to\n         the North Atlantic Council (NATO) in Paris (1955-1961). In\n         1961, President Kennedy named Nolting as Ambassador to the\n         Republic of South Vietnam where he served until 1963 in what\n         was to be a period of shifting U.S.Vietnamese policy\n         developments that precipitated the overthrow and assassination\n         of President Ngo Dinh Diem.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn 1964, Nolting retired from the U.S. Government to become\n         Vice-President in charge of the European offices of the \n          Morgan Guaranty Trust Company in Paris\n         (1964-1969), then Assistant to the Chairman in New York City\n         (1969-1973) and, finally, as consultant to the company\n         (1973-1976).\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eDuring this time, Nolting had returned to the University of\n         Virginia to serve as Diplomat-in-Residence (1971-1973) before\n         going on to hold teaching and administrative posts as Olsson\n         Professor of Business Administration in the Darden School of\n         Business (1973-1976), Professor in the Woodrow Wilson\n         Department of Government and Foreign Affairs and Director of\n         the Miller Center of Public Affairs. He also served as\n         Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the \n          Thomas Jefferson Memorial Foundation and\n         as a member of the \n          Center for Advanced Studies and the \n          International Management and Development\n         Institute.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn 1982, Nolting retired from the University of Virginia\n         and devoted a good deal of his time to the writing of his\n         book, \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eFrom trust to tragedy : the political memoirs of Frederick Nolting, Kennedy's ambassador to Diem's Vietnam,\u003c/title\u003e which he published in 1988. The book serves as\n         Nolting's personal testament to his role as U.S. Ambassador in\n         Saigon and as a critical analysis of the conflicting political\n         strategies that existed among the many policy making players\n         during that volatile period of the U.S. involvement in\n         Vietnam.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eOn December 14, 1989, at age 78, Nolting died and was\n         survived by his wife, \n          Olivia Lindsay Crumpler whom he had\n         married in 1940 and who is presently residing in\n         Charlottesville and by their four daughters: \n          Mary Nolting Bruner and \n          Jane Nolting Meniktos both of\n         Charlottesville; \n          Grace Lindsay Nolting of Columbia,\n         Virginia and \n          Frances Temple of Geneva, New York.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Sketch"],"bioghist_tesim":["Educator, diplomat and banker, \n          Frederick Earnest Nolting, Jr. was born\n         August 24, 1911 in Richmond, Virginia to Frederick Earnest\n         Nolting, Sr. and Mary Buford Nolting. Known as \"Fritz,\" he\n         spent his early childhood and student years in Richmond\n         attending the St. Christopher's School. Later as an\n         undergraduate he attended the \n          University of Virginia in Charlottesville\n         where he earned a B.A. degree in history and went on to work\n         as an investment banker in the family business in Richmond for\n         the next five years.","In 1939, Nolting returned to graduate studies at the\n         University of Virginia, earning an M. A. (1940) and a\n         Ph.D.(1942) in philosophy and serving as a lecturing fellow in\n         that field. He also earned a second M.A. in philosophy at\n         Harvard in 1941. During World War II, Nolting served overseas\n         in the Navy, achieving the rank of Lieutenant Commander. In\n         1946, he left the Navy and began a career that would span 18\n         years with the Department of State. His service included\n         assignments as a member of the U.S. Delegation to the United\n         Nations (1951); as Special Assistant to Secretaries of State\n         Dean Acheson and John Foster Dulles for Mutual Security\n         Affairs (1953-1955) and as Alternate U.S. Representative to\n         the North Atlantic Council (NATO) in Paris (1955-1961). In\n         1961, President Kennedy named Nolting as Ambassador to the\n         Republic of South Vietnam where he served until 1963 in what\n         was to be a period of shifting U.S.Vietnamese policy\n         developments that precipitated the overthrow and assassination\n         of President Ngo Dinh Diem.","In 1964, Nolting retired from the U.S. Government to become\n         Vice-President in charge of the European offices of the \n          Morgan Guaranty Trust Company in Paris\n         (1964-1969), then Assistant to the Chairman in New York City\n         (1969-1973) and, finally, as consultant to the company\n         (1973-1976).","During this time, Nolting had returned to the University of\n         Virginia to serve as Diplomat-in-Residence (1971-1973) before\n         going on to hold teaching and administrative posts as Olsson\n         Professor of Business Administration in the Darden School of\n         Business (1973-1976), Professor in the Woodrow Wilson\n         Department of Government and Foreign Affairs and Director of\n         the Miller Center of Public Affairs. He also served as\n         Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the \n          Thomas Jefferson Memorial Foundation and\n         as a member of the \n          Center for Advanced Studies and the \n          International Management and Development\n         Institute.","In 1982, Nolting retired from the University of Virginia\n         and devoted a good deal of his time to the writing of his\n         book, From trust to tragedy : the political memoirs of Frederick Nolting, Kennedy's ambassador to Diem's Vietnam, which he published in 1988. The book serves as\n         Nolting's personal testament to his role as U.S. Ambassador in\n         Saigon and as a critical analysis of the conflicting political\n         strategies that existed among the many policy making players\n         during that volatile period of the U.S. involvement in\n         Vietnam.","On December 14, 1989, at age 78, Nolting died and was\n         survived by his wife, \n          Olivia Lindsay Crumpler whom he had\n         married in 1940 and who is presently residing in\n         Charlottesville and by their four daughters: \n          Mary Nolting Bruner and \n          Jane Nolting Meniktos both of\n         Charlottesville; \n          Grace Lindsay Nolting of Columbia,\n         Virginia and \n          Frances Temple of Geneva, New York."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrederick (Fritz) Earnest Nolting, Jr. Papers, Accession #12804, Special Collections, University of Virginia Library, Charlottesville, Va.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"prefercite_tesim":["Frederick (Fritz) Earnest Nolting, Jr. Papers, Accession #12804, Special Collections, University of Virginia Library, Charlottesville, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe contents of Box 29 (personal financial and medical records) were returned to Grace Lindsay Nolting, April 4, 2007. There is a gap in numbering since boxes were not re-numbered.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The contents of Box 29 (personal financial and medical records) were returned to Grace Lindsay Nolting, April 4, 2007. There is a gap in numbering since boxes were not re-numbered."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains ca. 12,000 items (17 shelf feet)\n         and consists of a large quantity of generally routine personal\n         and official correspondence; a smaller portion of \"Selected\n         Correspondence\" listed by correspondent name; professional\n         papers associated with Nolting's governmental, business and\n         academic career activities; personal papers containing military and property records; manuscript\n         notes, drafts and correspondence relating to Nolting's\n         publications and an assortment of photographs (ca. 500 items),\n         many of which were take during his service in \n          Vietnam.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eInteresting documents within the collection groupings\n         include: (a) \n         \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eCorrespondence\u003c/emph\u003e: The exchange of\n         letters with \n          Dean Rusk, \n          W. Averell Harriman and the editors of the\n         \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eNew York Times\u003c/title\u003e in which Nolting challenges some of the U.S.\n         policy strategies of the 1961-1963 \n          Vietnam experience. (b) \n         \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eProfessional Papers\u003c/emph\u003e: Copies of\n         State Department declassified documents that reveal the\n         unfolding day-to-day actions that led to a major shift in U.S.\n         relations with the South Vietnamese Government and that\n         resulted in the overthrow and death of President Diem. (c) \n         \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003ePersonal Papers\u003c/emph\u003e: Records of the \n         \u003cfamname\u003eNolting family\u003c/famname\u003einvolvement in the\n         restoration and preservation of the historic \n          Sully and \n          Chantilly properties in \n          Virginia. (d) \n         \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003ePhotographs\u003c/emph\u003e: Dramatic photographs\n         of some of the major players involved in the U.S.-Vietnam\n         policy drama of 1961-1964, including: President Diem, \n          Henry Cabot Lodge, \n          W. Averell Harriman, \n          Maxwell Taylor, Vice-President Johnson\n         and Ambassador Nolting.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains ca. 12,000 items (17 shelf feet)\n         and consists of a large quantity of generally routine personal\n         and official correspondence; a smaller portion of \"Selected\n         Correspondence\" listed by correspondent name; professional\n         papers associated with Nolting's governmental, business and\n         academic career activities; personal papers containing military and property records; manuscript\n         notes, drafts and correspondence relating to Nolting's\n         publications and an assortment of photographs (ca. 500 items),\n         many of which were take during his service in \n          Vietnam.","Interesting documents within the collection groupings\n         include: (a) \n         Correspondence: The exchange of\n         letters with \n          Dean Rusk, \n          W. Averell Harriman and the editors of the\n         New York Times in which Nolting challenges some of the U.S.\n         policy strategies of the 1961-1963 \n          Vietnam experience. (b) \n         Professional Papers: Copies of\n         State Department declassified documents that reveal the\n         unfolding day-to-day actions that led to a major shift in U.S.\n         relations with the South Vietnamese Government and that\n         resulted in the overthrow and death of President Diem. (c) \n         Personal Papers: Records of the \n         Nolting familyinvolvement in the\n         restoration and preservation of the historic \n          Sully and \n          Chantilly properties in \n          Virginia. (d) \n         Photographs: Dramatic photographs\n         of some of the major players involved in the U.S.-Vietnam\n         policy drama of 1961-1964, including: President Diem, \n          Henry Cabot Lodge, \n          W. Averell Harriman, \n          Maxwell Taylor, Vice-President Johnson\n         and Ambassador Nolting."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee the \n            \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.library.virginia.edu/policies/use-of-materials\"\u003e\n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy.\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["See the \n            \n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n      "],"famname_ssim":["Nolting family"],"names_ssim":["Nolting family"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":150,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:57:07.540Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_viu01884_c02_c58"}},{"id":"viu_viu01884_c02_c54","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"U.S. Department of State--Speech Material, Frederick Earnest Nolting, Jr., 1951/1982","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_viu01884_c02_c54#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_viu01884_c02_c54","ref_ssm":["viu_viu01884_c02_c54"],"id":"viu_viu01884_c02_c54","ead_ssi":"viu_viu01884","_root_":"viu_viu01884","_nest_parent_":"viu_viu01884_c02","parent_ssi":"viu_viu01884_c02","parent_ssim":["Frederick (Fritz) Earnest Nolting, Jr. Papers \n 1890-1989","Series II: Professional Papers"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_viu01884","viu_viu01884_c02"],"title_filing_ssi":"U.S. Department of State--Speech Material,\n                  Frederick Earnest Nolting, Jr.","title_ssm":["U.S. Department of State--Speech Material, Frederick Earnest Nolting, Jr."],"title_tesim":["U.S. Department of State--Speech Material, Frederick Earnest Nolting, Jr."],"normalized_title_ssm":["U.S. Department of State--Speech Material, Frederick Earnest Nolting, Jr., 1951/1982"],"text":["U.S. Department of State--Speech Material, Frederick Earnest Nolting, Jr., 1951/1982","Frederick (Fritz) Earnest Nolting, Jr. Papers \n 1890-1989","Series II: Professional Papers","(3 folders)","box 25"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Frederick (Fritz) Earnest Nolting, Jr. Papers \n 1890-1989","Series II: Professional Papers"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Frederick (Fritz) Earnest Nolting, Jr. Papers \n 1890-1989","Series II: Professional Papers"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1951/1982"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1951-1982, n.d."],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":128,"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Frederick (Fritz) Earnest Nolting, Jr. Papers \n 1890-1989"],"physdesc_tesim":["(3 folders)"],"containers_ssim":["box 25"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["See the \n            \n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy."],"date_range_isim":[1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#53","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:57:07.540Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_viu01884","ead_ssi":"viu_viu01884","_root_":"viu_viu01884","_nest_parent_":"viu_viu01884","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/uva-sc/viu01884.xml","title_ssm":["Frederick (Fritz) Earnest Nolting, Jr. Papers \n 1890-1989"],"title_tesim":["Frederick (Fritz) Earnest Nolting, Jr. Papers \n 1890-1989"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Frederick (Fritz) Earnest Nolting, Jr. Papers \n 1890-1989"],"text":["Frederick (Fritz) Earnest Nolting, Jr. Papers \n 1890-1989","12804","ca. 12,000 items","There are no restrictions.","Educator, diplomat and banker, \n          Frederick Earnest Nolting, Jr. was born\n         August 24, 1911 in Richmond, Virginia to Frederick Earnest\n         Nolting, Sr. and Mary Buford Nolting. Known as \"Fritz,\" he\n         spent his early childhood and student years in Richmond\n         attending the St. Christopher's School. Later as an\n         undergraduate he attended the \n          University of Virginia in Charlottesville\n         where he earned a B.A. degree in history and went on to work\n         as an investment banker in the family business in Richmond for\n         the next five years.","In 1939, Nolting returned to graduate studies at the\n         University of Virginia, earning an M. A. (1940) and a\n         Ph.D.(1942) in philosophy and serving as a lecturing fellow in\n         that field. He also earned a second M.A. in philosophy at\n         Harvard in 1941. During World War II, Nolting served overseas\n         in the Navy, achieving the rank of Lieutenant Commander. In\n         1946, he left the Navy and began a career that would span 18\n         years with the Department of State. His service included\n         assignments as a member of the U.S. Delegation to the United\n         Nations (1951); as Special Assistant to Secretaries of State\n         Dean Acheson and John Foster Dulles for Mutual Security\n         Affairs (1953-1955) and as Alternate U.S. Representative to\n         the North Atlantic Council (NATO) in Paris (1955-1961). In\n         1961, President Kennedy named Nolting as Ambassador to the\n         Republic of South Vietnam where he served until 1963 in what\n         was to be a period of shifting U.S.Vietnamese policy\n         developments that precipitated the overthrow and assassination\n         of President Ngo Dinh Diem.","In 1964, Nolting retired from the U.S. Government to become\n         Vice-President in charge of the European offices of the \n          Morgan Guaranty Trust Company in Paris\n         (1964-1969), then Assistant to the Chairman in New York City\n         (1969-1973) and, finally, as consultant to the company\n         (1973-1976).","During this time, Nolting had returned to the University of\n         Virginia to serve as Diplomat-in-Residence (1971-1973) before\n         going on to hold teaching and administrative posts as Olsson\n         Professor of Business Administration in the Darden School of\n         Business (1973-1976), Professor in the Woodrow Wilson\n         Department of Government and Foreign Affairs and Director of\n         the Miller Center of Public Affairs. He also served as\n         Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the \n          Thomas Jefferson Memorial Foundation and\n         as a member of the \n          Center for Advanced Studies and the \n          International Management and Development\n         Institute.","In 1982, Nolting retired from the University of Virginia\n         and devoted a good deal of his time to the writing of his\n         book, From trust to tragedy : the political memoirs of Frederick Nolting, Kennedy's ambassador to Diem's Vietnam, which he published in 1988. The book serves as\n         Nolting's personal testament to his role as U.S. Ambassador in\n         Saigon and as a critical analysis of the conflicting political\n         strategies that existed among the many policy making players\n         during that volatile period of the U.S. involvement in\n         Vietnam.","On December 14, 1989, at age 78, Nolting died and was\n         survived by his wife, \n          Olivia Lindsay Crumpler whom he had\n         married in 1940 and who is presently residing in\n         Charlottesville and by their four daughters: \n          Mary Nolting Bruner and \n          Jane Nolting Meniktos both of\n         Charlottesville; \n          Grace Lindsay Nolting of Columbia,\n         Virginia and \n          Frances Temple of Geneva, New York.","The contents of Box 29 (personal financial and medical records) were returned to Grace Lindsay Nolting, April 4, 2007. There is a gap in numbering since boxes were not re-numbered.","The collection contains ca. 12,000 items (17 shelf feet)\n         and consists of a large quantity of generally routine personal\n         and official correspondence; a smaller portion of \"Selected\n         Correspondence\" listed by correspondent name; professional\n         papers associated with Nolting's governmental, business and\n         academic career activities; personal papers containing military and property records; manuscript\n         notes, drafts and correspondence relating to Nolting's\n         publications and an assortment of photographs (ca. 500 items),\n         many of which were take during his service in \n          Vietnam.","Interesting documents within the collection groupings\n         include: (a) \n         Correspondence: The exchange of\n         letters with \n          Dean Rusk, \n          W. Averell Harriman and the editors of the\n         New York Times in which Nolting challenges some of the U.S.\n         policy strategies of the 1961-1963 \n          Vietnam experience. (b) \n         Professional Papers: Copies of\n         State Department declassified documents that reveal the\n         unfolding day-to-day actions that led to a major shift in U.S.\n         relations with the South Vietnamese Government and that\n         resulted in the overthrow and death of President Diem. (c) \n         Personal Papers: Records of the \n         Nolting familyinvolvement in the\n         restoration and preservation of the historic \n          Sully and \n          Chantilly properties in \n          Virginia. (d) \n         Photographs: Dramatic photographs\n         of some of the major players involved in the U.S.-Vietnam\n         policy drama of 1961-1964, including: President Diem, \n          Henry Cabot Lodge, \n          W. Averell Harriman, \n          Maxwell Taylor, Vice-President Johnson\n         and Ambassador Nolting.","See the \n            \n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy.","Nolting family","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Frederick (Fritz) Earnest Nolting, Jr. Papers \n 1890-1989"],"collection_ssim":["Frederick (Fritz) Earnest Nolting, Jr. Papers \n 1890-1989"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["12804"],"unitid_tesim":["12804"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_famname_ssim":["Nolting family"],"creators_ssim":["Nolting family"],"access_terms_ssm":["See the \n            \n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection wasa gift from Mrs. Frederick Nolting."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["ca. 12,000 items"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEducator, diplomat and banker, \n          Frederick Earnest Nolting, Jr. was born\n         August 24, 1911 in Richmond, Virginia to Frederick Earnest\n         Nolting, Sr. and Mary Buford Nolting. Known as \"Fritz,\" he\n         spent his early childhood and student years in Richmond\n         attending the St. Christopher's School. Later as an\n         undergraduate he attended the \n          University of Virginia in Charlottesville\n         where he earned a B.A. degree in history and went on to work\n         as an investment banker in the family business in Richmond for\n         the next five years.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn 1939, Nolting returned to graduate studies at the\n         University of Virginia, earning an M. A. (1940) and a\n         Ph.D.(1942) in philosophy and serving as a lecturing fellow in\n         that field. He also earned a second M.A. in philosophy at\n         Harvard in 1941. During World War II, Nolting served overseas\n         in the Navy, achieving the rank of Lieutenant Commander. In\n         1946, he left the Navy and began a career that would span 18\n         years with the Department of State. His service included\n         assignments as a member of the U.S. Delegation to the United\n         Nations (1951); as Special Assistant to Secretaries of State\n         Dean Acheson and John Foster Dulles for Mutual Security\n         Affairs (1953-1955) and as Alternate U.S. Representative to\n         the North Atlantic Council (NATO) in Paris (1955-1961). In\n         1961, President Kennedy named Nolting as Ambassador to the\n         Republic of South Vietnam where he served until 1963 in what\n         was to be a period of shifting U.S.Vietnamese policy\n         developments that precipitated the overthrow and assassination\n         of President Ngo Dinh Diem.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn 1964, Nolting retired from the U.S. Government to become\n         Vice-President in charge of the European offices of the \n          Morgan Guaranty Trust Company in Paris\n         (1964-1969), then Assistant to the Chairman in New York City\n         (1969-1973) and, finally, as consultant to the company\n         (1973-1976).\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eDuring this time, Nolting had returned to the University of\n         Virginia to serve as Diplomat-in-Residence (1971-1973) before\n         going on to hold teaching and administrative posts as Olsson\n         Professor of Business Administration in the Darden School of\n         Business (1973-1976), Professor in the Woodrow Wilson\n         Department of Government and Foreign Affairs and Director of\n         the Miller Center of Public Affairs. He also served as\n         Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the \n          Thomas Jefferson Memorial Foundation and\n         as a member of the \n          Center for Advanced Studies and the \n          International Management and Development\n         Institute.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn 1982, Nolting retired from the University of Virginia\n         and devoted a good deal of his time to the writing of his\n         book, \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eFrom trust to tragedy : the political memoirs of Frederick Nolting, Kennedy's ambassador to Diem's Vietnam,\u003c/title\u003e which he published in 1988. The book serves as\n         Nolting's personal testament to his role as U.S. Ambassador in\n         Saigon and as a critical analysis of the conflicting political\n         strategies that existed among the many policy making players\n         during that volatile period of the U.S. involvement in\n         Vietnam.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eOn December 14, 1989, at age 78, Nolting died and was\n         survived by his wife, \n          Olivia Lindsay Crumpler whom he had\n         married in 1940 and who is presently residing in\n         Charlottesville and by their four daughters: \n          Mary Nolting Bruner and \n          Jane Nolting Meniktos both of\n         Charlottesville; \n          Grace Lindsay Nolting of Columbia,\n         Virginia and \n          Frances Temple of Geneva, New York.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Sketch"],"bioghist_tesim":["Educator, diplomat and banker, \n          Frederick Earnest Nolting, Jr. was born\n         August 24, 1911 in Richmond, Virginia to Frederick Earnest\n         Nolting, Sr. and Mary Buford Nolting. Known as \"Fritz,\" he\n         spent his early childhood and student years in Richmond\n         attending the St. Christopher's School. Later as an\n         undergraduate he attended the \n          University of Virginia in Charlottesville\n         where he earned a B.A. degree in history and went on to work\n         as an investment banker in the family business in Richmond for\n         the next five years.","In 1939, Nolting returned to graduate studies at the\n         University of Virginia, earning an M. A. (1940) and a\n         Ph.D.(1942) in philosophy and serving as a lecturing fellow in\n         that field. He also earned a second M.A. in philosophy at\n         Harvard in 1941. During World War II, Nolting served overseas\n         in the Navy, achieving the rank of Lieutenant Commander. In\n         1946, he left the Navy and began a career that would span 18\n         years with the Department of State. His service included\n         assignments as a member of the U.S. Delegation to the United\n         Nations (1951); as Special Assistant to Secretaries of State\n         Dean Acheson and John Foster Dulles for Mutual Security\n         Affairs (1953-1955) and as Alternate U.S. Representative to\n         the North Atlantic Council (NATO) in Paris (1955-1961). In\n         1961, President Kennedy named Nolting as Ambassador to the\n         Republic of South Vietnam where he served until 1963 in what\n         was to be a period of shifting U.S.Vietnamese policy\n         developments that precipitated the overthrow and assassination\n         of President Ngo Dinh Diem.","In 1964, Nolting retired from the U.S. Government to become\n         Vice-President in charge of the European offices of the \n          Morgan Guaranty Trust Company in Paris\n         (1964-1969), then Assistant to the Chairman in New York City\n         (1969-1973) and, finally, as consultant to the company\n         (1973-1976).","During this time, Nolting had returned to the University of\n         Virginia to serve as Diplomat-in-Residence (1971-1973) before\n         going on to hold teaching and administrative posts as Olsson\n         Professor of Business Administration in the Darden School of\n         Business (1973-1976), Professor in the Woodrow Wilson\n         Department of Government and Foreign Affairs and Director of\n         the Miller Center of Public Affairs. He also served as\n         Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the \n          Thomas Jefferson Memorial Foundation and\n         as a member of the \n          Center for Advanced Studies and the \n          International Management and Development\n         Institute.","In 1982, Nolting retired from the University of Virginia\n         and devoted a good deal of his time to the writing of his\n         book, From trust to tragedy : the political memoirs of Frederick Nolting, Kennedy's ambassador to Diem's Vietnam, which he published in 1988. The book serves as\n         Nolting's personal testament to his role as U.S. Ambassador in\n         Saigon and as a critical analysis of the conflicting political\n         strategies that existed among the many policy making players\n         during that volatile period of the U.S. involvement in\n         Vietnam.","On December 14, 1989, at age 78, Nolting died and was\n         survived by his wife, \n          Olivia Lindsay Crumpler whom he had\n         married in 1940 and who is presently residing in\n         Charlottesville and by their four daughters: \n          Mary Nolting Bruner and \n          Jane Nolting Meniktos both of\n         Charlottesville; \n          Grace Lindsay Nolting of Columbia,\n         Virginia and \n          Frances Temple of Geneva, New York."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrederick (Fritz) Earnest Nolting, Jr. Papers, Accession #12804, Special Collections, University of Virginia Library, Charlottesville, Va.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"prefercite_tesim":["Frederick (Fritz) Earnest Nolting, Jr. Papers, Accession #12804, Special Collections, University of Virginia Library, Charlottesville, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe contents of Box 29 (personal financial and medical records) were returned to Grace Lindsay Nolting, April 4, 2007. There is a gap in numbering since boxes were not re-numbered.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The contents of Box 29 (personal financial and medical records) were returned to Grace Lindsay Nolting, April 4, 2007. There is a gap in numbering since boxes were not re-numbered."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains ca. 12,000 items (17 shelf feet)\n         and consists of a large quantity of generally routine personal\n         and official correspondence; a smaller portion of \"Selected\n         Correspondence\" listed by correspondent name; professional\n         papers associated with Nolting's governmental, business and\n         academic career activities; personal papers containing military and property records; manuscript\n         notes, drafts and correspondence relating to Nolting's\n         publications and an assortment of photographs (ca. 500 items),\n         many of which were take during his service in \n          Vietnam.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eInteresting documents within the collection groupings\n         include: (a) \n         \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eCorrespondence\u003c/emph\u003e: The exchange of\n         letters with \n          Dean Rusk, \n          W. Averell Harriman and the editors of the\n         \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eNew York Times\u003c/title\u003e in which Nolting challenges some of the U.S.\n         policy strategies of the 1961-1963 \n          Vietnam experience. (b) \n         \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eProfessional Papers\u003c/emph\u003e: Copies of\n         State Department declassified documents that reveal the\n         unfolding day-to-day actions that led to a major shift in U.S.\n         relations with the South Vietnamese Government and that\n         resulted in the overthrow and death of President Diem. (c) \n         \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003ePersonal Papers\u003c/emph\u003e: Records of the \n         \u003cfamname\u003eNolting family\u003c/famname\u003einvolvement in the\n         restoration and preservation of the historic \n          Sully and \n          Chantilly properties in \n          Virginia. (d) \n         \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003ePhotographs\u003c/emph\u003e: Dramatic photographs\n         of some of the major players involved in the U.S.-Vietnam\n         policy drama of 1961-1964, including: President Diem, \n          Henry Cabot Lodge, \n          W. Averell Harriman, \n          Maxwell Taylor, Vice-President Johnson\n         and Ambassador Nolting.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains ca. 12,000 items (17 shelf feet)\n         and consists of a large quantity of generally routine personal\n         and official correspondence; a smaller portion of \"Selected\n         Correspondence\" listed by correspondent name; professional\n         papers associated with Nolting's governmental, business and\n         academic career activities; personal papers containing military and property records; manuscript\n         notes, drafts and correspondence relating to Nolting's\n         publications and an assortment of photographs (ca. 500 items),\n         many of which were take during his service in \n          Vietnam.","Interesting documents within the collection groupings\n         include: (a) \n         Correspondence: The exchange of\n         letters with \n          Dean Rusk, \n          W. Averell Harriman and the editors of the\n         New York Times in which Nolting challenges some of the U.S.\n         policy strategies of the 1961-1963 \n          Vietnam experience. (b) \n         Professional Papers: Copies of\n         State Department declassified documents that reveal the\n         unfolding day-to-day actions that led to a major shift in U.S.\n         relations with the South Vietnamese Government and that\n         resulted in the overthrow and death of President Diem. (c) \n         Personal Papers: Records of the \n         Nolting familyinvolvement in the\n         restoration and preservation of the historic \n          Sully and \n          Chantilly properties in \n          Virginia. (d) \n         Photographs: Dramatic photographs\n         of some of the major players involved in the U.S.-Vietnam\n         policy drama of 1961-1964, including: President Diem, \n          Henry Cabot Lodge, \n          W. Averell Harriman, \n          Maxwell Taylor, Vice-President Johnson\n         and Ambassador Nolting."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee the \n            \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.library.virginia.edu/policies/use-of-materials\"\u003e\n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy.\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["See the \n            \n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n      "],"famname_ssim":["Nolting family"],"names_ssim":["Nolting family"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":150,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:57:07.540Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_viu01884_c02_c54"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9941_c01_c02_c71","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"USPS Investigations into LGBTQ Organizations, 1923/2013","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9941_c01_c02_c71#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9941_c01_c02_c71","ref_ssm":["viw_repositories_2_resources_9941_c01_c02_c71"],"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9941_c01_c02_c71","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9941","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9941","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9941_c01_c02","parent_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9941_c01_c02","parent_ssim":["Mattachine Society of Washington D.C. records, 1942/2020","Accession 2025.002: Correspondence, general papers and newspaper clippings, 1942/2020","General Papers, 1942/2020"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viw_repositories_2_resources_9941","viw_repositories_2_resources_9941_c01","viw_repositories_2_resources_9941_c01_c02"],"title_filing_ssi":"USPS Investigations into LGBTQ Organizations","title_ssm":["USPS Investigations into LGBTQ Organizations"],"title_tesim":["USPS Investigations into LGBTQ Organizations"],"normalized_title_ssm":["USPS Investigations into LGBTQ Organizations, 1923/2013"],"text":["USPS Investigations into LGBTQ Organizations, 1923/2013","Mattachine Society of Washington D.C. records, 1942/2020","Accession 2025.002: Correspondence, general papers and newspaper clippings, 1942/2020","General Papers, 1942/2020","box 6","folder 74"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Mattachine Society of Washington D.C. records, 1942/2020","Accession 2025.002: Correspondence, general papers and newspaper clippings, 1942/2020","General Papers, 1942/2020"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Mattachine Society of Washington D.C. records, 1942/2020","Accession 2025.002: Correspondence, general papers and newspaper clippings, 1942/2020","General Papers, 1942/2020"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1923/2013"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1923-2013"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[3],"sort_isi":77,"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"collection_ssim":["Mattachine Society of Washington D.C. records, 1942/2020"],"containers_ssim":["box 6","folder 74"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to all researchers. 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The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"date_range_isim":[1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#1/components#70","timestamp":"2026-08-14T23:05:56.987Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9941","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9941","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9941","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9941","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_9941.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Mattachine Society of Washington D.C. records","title_ssm":["Mattachine Society of Washington D.C. records"],"title_tesim":["Mattachine Society of Washington D.C. records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1942-2020"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1942-2020"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1942/2020"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Mattachine Society of Washington D.C. records, 1942/2020"],"text":["Mattachine Society of Washington D.C. records, 1942/2020","MS 00410","/repositories/2/resources/9941","LGBT activism","LGBT History Month","Gay and lesbian studies","Gay and lesbian studies--United States--History","Gay rights","Gay rights--United States--History--20th century","Collection is open to all researchers. 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The collection is arranged alphabetically within each series and chronologically by date within the folders.","Collection contains correspondence and organization documents related to the everyday activities of the Mattachine Society of Washington D.C. The Mattachine Society is an Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual,Transgender, queer (LGBTQ) organization that seeks to conduct original archival research and educational outreach that focuses on LGBTQ legal, political, and policy history.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Mattachine Society of Washington D.C. records, 1942/2020"],"collection_ssim":["Mattachine Society of Washington D.C. records, 1942/2020"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS 00410","/repositories/2/resources/9941"],"unitid_tesim":["MS 00410","/repositories/2/resources/9941"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Charles Francis"],"access_subjects_ssim":["LGBT activism","LGBT History Month","Gay and lesbian studies","Gay and lesbian studies--United States--History","Gay rights","Gay rights--United States--History--20th century"],"access_subjects_ssm":["LGBT activism","LGBT History Month","Gay and lesbian studies","Gay and lesbian studies--United States--History","Gay rights","Gay rights--United States--History--20th century"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2 Linear Feet 6 Full legal size Hollinger boxes and 2 oversize folders"],"extent_tesim":["2 Linear Feet 6 Full legal size Hollinger boxes and 2 oversize folders"],"date_range_isim":[1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. 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Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Mattachine Society of Washington, D.C. collection is arranged into three series: I. Correspondence, II. General Papers, III. Newspaper Clippings \u0026amp; posters. The collection is arranged alphabetically within each series and chronologically by date within the folders.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Mattachine Society of Washington, D.C. collection is arranged into three series: I. Correspondence, II. General Papers, III. Newspaper Clippings \u0026 posters. The collection is arranged alphabetically within each series and chronologically by date within the folders."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMattachine Society of Washington, D.C. records, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026amp; Mary Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Mattachine Society of Washington, D.C. records, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026 Mary Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection contains correspondence and organization documents related to the everyday activities of the Mattachine Society of Washington D.C. The Mattachine Society is an Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual,Transgender, queer (LGBTQ) organization that seeks to conduct original archival research and educational outreach that focuses on LGBTQ legal, political, and policy history.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Collection contains correspondence and organization documents related to the everyday activities of the Mattachine Society of Washington D.C. The Mattachine Society is an Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual,Transgender, queer (LGBTQ) organization that seeks to conduct original archival research and educational outreach that focuses on LGBTQ legal, political, and policy history."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":159,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T23:05:56.987Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9941_c01_c02_c71"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2145_c08_c03","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"US Senate and House Hearings, 1954/1973","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2145_c08_c03#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2145_c08_c03","ref_ssm":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2145_c08_c03"],"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2145_c08_c03","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2145","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2145","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2145_c08","parent_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2145_c08","parent_ssim":["Al Gross Papers, 1909/2000","Government, 1937"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2145","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2145_c08"],"title_filing_ssi":"US Senate and House Hearings","title_ssm":["US Senate and House Hearings"],"title_tesim":["US Senate and House Hearings"],"normalized_title_ssm":["US Senate and House Hearings, 1954/1973"],"text":["US Senate and House Hearings, 1954/1973","Al Gross Papers, 1909/2000","Government, 1937","box 8","folder 5"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Al Gross Papers, 1909/2000","Government, 1937"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Al Gross Papers, 1909/2000","Government, 1937"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1954/1973"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1954, 1973"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":79,"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"collection_ssim":["Al Gross Papers, 1909/2000"],"containers_ssim":["box 8","folder 5"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"date_range_isim":[1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973],"_nest_path_":"/components#7/components#2","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:30:31.807Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2145","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2145","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2145","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2145","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2145.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Gross, Al, Papers","title_ssm":["Al Gross Papers"],"title_tesim":["Al Gross Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1909-2000"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1909-2000"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1909/2000"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Al Gross Papers, 1909/2000"],"text":["Al Gross Papers, 1909/2000","Ms.2001.011","Science and Technology","Collection is open to research.","This collection is arranged according to subject matter.","Al Gross was born in Toronto, Ontario, but was raised in Cleveland, Ohio. Known as the father of wireless communications, Gross invented the walkie-talkie in 1938 at age 20 and by 1941 the Office of Strategic Services (now known as the CIA) was eager to develop a lightweight, portable communications system for air-to-ground contact. The OSS recruited Gross and he devised the \"Joan-Eleanor System\" using Hertzian radio waves which were virtually impossible to intercept even from behind emeny lines. Gross' invention was a huge success and was praised by the US Joint Chiefs of Staff as being one of the most successful wireless intelligence gathering methods ever employed.","After the war, Gross formed the Citizens Radio Corporation and sold his units to the public, mostly to farmers and the US Coast Guard. In 1949 Gross had another breakthrough invention, the telephone pager. That same year Gross attended a medical conference in Philadelphia to introduce the pager system to doctors. Unfortunately, many of the doctors were apprehensive of the device stating it would interfere with their leisure time or upset their patients. The pager never caught on for Gross, proving he was decades ahead of his time.","Gross continued to invent for his entire lifespan, compiling 12 patents. But Gross' patents expired long before the world was ready for pagers, cell phones, and CB radio. Instead of reaping the monetary benefits of his inventions, Gross is rich in awards and recognitions. Most recently, Gross became the sixth person to be awarded the Lemelson-MIT Lifetime Achievement Award in 2000. Eight months later on December 28, 2000, Gross died at his Arizona home.","The guide to the Gross, Al Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/).","The Al Gross papers are comprised of the following series: Employment, Publications, Inventions and Patents, Awards and Achievements, Personal Material, Technical Data, Radio Material, Government, Subject Files, and Oversize Materials. The collection also includes Gross' book collection and electronic parts. This collection contains materials relating to the significant contributions Al Gross made in the advancement of wireless technology. The collection provides a detailed look at the evolution of the walkie-talkie from a weapon against the Axis Powers in World War II to its functional and convenient purposes today. Throughout the progression of wireless technology, Al Gross remained an integral part of designing and updating wireless devices such as cellular phones and pagers to its now diminutive form using microminituarization and other scientific methods.","The Employment series (1944-81, n.d.) contains detailed materials from his first companies such as the Citizens Radio Corporation, Gross Communications, and Royalcall - the first telephone pager company ever. With his contributions in the wireless field, Al Gross became well known worldwide in the wireless front and companies such as True Temper and GTE Sylvania hired Gross not only for his engineering skill but for public relations as well. One example is Gross appearing on the popular television show \"To Tell the Truth\" while he worked for True Temper. Photographs of Gross on \"To Tell the Truth\" are located in the Personal Material series (1918-2000, n.d.) which also includes material spanning from Gross' Junior High School to notes on retirement. Also included are correspondence letters, resumes, and personal certificates.","The Publications series (1945-2000, n.d.) contains a comprehensive list of articles written about Gross and his work as well as articles written by Gross himself. Other publications used primarily for reference are found in the Technical Data series (1943-99, n.d.). Highlighting the series are technical diagrams, charts, and manuals. More information on the work of Al Gross can be found in the Inventions and Patents series (1909-2000, n.d.). Included in the series is a comprehensive photo collection and early drawings of inventions such as the Antenna, Citizens Transceiver, and the wrist-watch walkie-talkie. Complementing the material are photocopied patents with descriptions.","The Government series (1937-90, n.d.) includes materials from the Office of Strategic Services (OSS), which recruited Gross and his walkie-talkies in World War II. Also included are five folders from the Federal Communications Committee (FCC) which gave Gross the rights to the first \"Citizens Radio Service\" after World War II. The FCC also served as the distributor of radio licenses. Original and photocopied licenses of Gross can be found in the Radio Material series (1934-86, n.d.) which also includes material from his amateur radio station W8PAL such as a station log and data book.","Complementing his lifetime of work in the wireless field is a vast collection of recognitions found in the Awards, Achievements series (1959-2000, n.d.). The series includes eighteen different awards and recognitions Al Gross received including awards from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) of which he was a Fellow member. Other awards of Gross are found in boxes 16, 17, and 21. More information on the IEEE can be found in the Subject Files series (1947-96, n.d.) which includes theses, stock certificates, and material highlighting Gross' visit to Virginia Tech.","The Oversize Materials series consists of items such as his awards, blueprints, and original documents which were pulled from the other series as they were too large for inclusion with other items in the series. Key items highlighting the inventor's career are on permanent exhibit in Torgerson Hall.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The Al Gross papers are comprised of the following series: Employment, Publications, Inventions and Patents, Awards and Achievements, Personal Material, Technical Data, Radio Material, Government, Subject Files, and Oversize Materials. The collection also includes Gross' book collection and electronic parts. This collection contains materials relating to the significant contributions Al Gross made in the advancement of wireless technology. The collection provides a detailed look at the evolution of the walkie-talkie from a weapon against the Axis Powers in World War II to its functional and convenient purposes today. Throughout the progression of wireless technology, Al Gross remained an integral part of designing and updating wireless devices such as cellular phones and pagers to its now diminutive form using microminituarization and other scientific methods.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Gross, Al, d.2000","The materials in the collection are in English."],"collection_title_tesim":["Al Gross Papers, 1909/2000"],"collection_ssim":["Al Gross Papers, 1909/2000"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2001.011"],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2001.011"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Gross, Al, d.2000"],"creator_ssim":["Gross, Al, d.2000"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Gross, Al, d.2000"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"creators_ssim":["Gross, Al, d.2000","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. 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Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Science and Technology"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Science and Technology"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["10 Cubic Feet 21 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["10 Cubic Feet 21 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged according to subject matter.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged according to subject matter."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAl Gross was born in Toronto, Ontario, but was raised in Cleveland, Ohio. Known as the father of wireless communications, Gross invented the walkie-talkie in 1938 at age 20 and by 1941 the Office of Strategic Services (now known as the CIA) was eager to develop a lightweight, portable communications system for air-to-ground contact. The OSS recruited Gross and he devised the \"Joan-Eleanor System\" using Hertzian radio waves which were virtually impossible to intercept even from behind emeny lines. Gross' invention was a huge success and was praised by the US Joint Chiefs of Staff as being one of the most successful wireless intelligence gathering methods ever employed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter the war, Gross formed the Citizens Radio Corporation and sold his units to the public, mostly to farmers and the US Coast Guard. In 1949 Gross had another breakthrough invention, the telephone pager. That same year Gross attended a medical conference in Philadelphia to introduce the pager system to doctors. Unfortunately, many of the doctors were apprehensive of the device stating it would interfere with their leisure time or upset their patients. The pager never caught on for Gross, proving he was decades ahead of his time.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGross continued to invent for his entire lifespan, compiling 12 patents. But Gross' patents expired long before the world was ready for pagers, cell phones, and CB radio. Instead of reaping the monetary benefits of his inventions, Gross is rich in awards and recognitions. Most recently, Gross became the sixth person to be awarded the Lemelson-MIT Lifetime Achievement Award in 2000. Eight months later on December 28, 2000, Gross died at his Arizona home.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Al Gross was born in Toronto, Ontario, but was raised in Cleveland, Ohio. Known as the father of wireless communications, Gross invented the walkie-talkie in 1938 at age 20 and by 1941 the Office of Strategic Services (now known as the CIA) was eager to develop a lightweight, portable communications system for air-to-ground contact. The OSS recruited Gross and he devised the \"Joan-Eleanor System\" using Hertzian radio waves which were virtually impossible to intercept even from behind emeny lines. Gross' invention was a huge success and was praised by the US Joint Chiefs of Staff as being one of the most successful wireless intelligence gathering methods ever employed.","After the war, Gross formed the Citizens Radio Corporation and sold his units to the public, mostly to farmers and the US Coast Guard. In 1949 Gross had another breakthrough invention, the telephone pager. That same year Gross attended a medical conference in Philadelphia to introduce the pager system to doctors. Unfortunately, many of the doctors were apprehensive of the device stating it would interfere with their leisure time or upset their patients. The pager never caught on for Gross, proving he was decades ahead of his time.","Gross continued to invent for his entire lifespan, compiling 12 patents. But Gross' patents expired long before the world was ready for pagers, cell phones, and CB radio. Instead of reaping the monetary benefits of his inventions, Gross is rich in awards and recognitions. Most recently, Gross became the sixth person to be awarded the Lemelson-MIT Lifetime Achievement Award in 2000. Eight months later on December 28, 2000, Gross died at his Arizona home."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Gross, Al Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Gross, Al Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Gross, Al Papers, Ms2001-011, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Gross, Al Papers, Ms2001-011, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Al Gross papers are comprised of the following series: Employment, Publications, Inventions and Patents, Awards and Achievements, Personal Material, Technical Data, Radio Material, Government, Subject Files, and Oversize Materials. The collection also includes Gross' book collection and electronic parts. This collection contains materials relating to the significant contributions Al Gross made in the advancement of wireless technology. The collection provides a detailed look at the evolution of the walkie-talkie from a weapon against the Axis Powers in World War II to its functional and convenient purposes today. Throughout the progression of wireless technology, Al Gross remained an integral part of designing and updating wireless devices such as cellular phones and pagers to its now diminutive form using microminituarization and other scientific methods.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Employment series (1944-81, n.d.) contains detailed materials from his first companies such as the Citizens Radio Corporation, Gross Communications, and Royalcall - the first telephone pager company ever. With his contributions in the wireless field, Al Gross became well known worldwide in the wireless front and companies such as True Temper and GTE Sylvania hired Gross not only for his engineering skill but for public relations as well. One example is Gross appearing on the popular television show \"To Tell the Truth\" while he worked for True Temper. Photographs of Gross on \"To Tell the Truth\" are located in the Personal Material series (1918-2000, n.d.) which also includes material spanning from Gross' Junior High School to notes on retirement. Also included are correspondence letters, resumes, and personal certificates.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Publications series (1945-2000, n.d.) contains a comprehensive list of articles written about Gross and his work as well as articles written by Gross himself. Other publications used primarily for reference are found in the Technical Data series (1943-99, n.d.). Highlighting the series are technical diagrams, charts, and manuals. More information on the work of Al Gross can be found in the Inventions and Patents series (1909-2000, n.d.). Included in the series is a comprehensive photo collection and early drawings of inventions such as the Antenna, Citizens Transceiver, and the wrist-watch walkie-talkie. Complementing the material are photocopied patents with descriptions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Government series (1937-90, n.d.) includes materials from the Office of Strategic Services (OSS), which recruited Gross and his walkie-talkies in World War II. Also included are five folders from the Federal Communications Committee (FCC) which gave Gross the rights to the first \"Citizens Radio Service\" after World War II. The FCC also served as the distributor of radio licenses. Original and photocopied licenses of Gross can be found in the Radio Material series (1934-86, n.d.) which also includes material from his amateur radio station W8PAL such as a station log and data book.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eComplementing his lifetime of work in the wireless field is a vast collection of recognitions found in the Awards, Achievements series (1959-2000, n.d.). The series includes eighteen different awards and recognitions Al Gross received including awards from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) of which he was a Fellow member. Other awards of Gross are found in boxes 16, 17, and 21. More information on the IEEE can be found in the Subject Files series (1947-96, n.d.) which includes theses, stock certificates, and material highlighting Gross' visit to Virginia Tech.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Oversize Materials series consists of items such as his awards, blueprints, and original documents which were pulled from the other series as they were too large for inclusion with other items in the series. Key items highlighting the inventor's career are on permanent exhibit in Torgerson Hall.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Al Gross papers are comprised of the following series: Employment, Publications, Inventions and Patents, Awards and Achievements, Personal Material, Technical Data, Radio Material, Government, Subject Files, and Oversize Materials. The collection also includes Gross' book collection and electronic parts. This collection contains materials relating to the significant contributions Al Gross made in the advancement of wireless technology. The collection provides a detailed look at the evolution of the walkie-talkie from a weapon against the Axis Powers in World War II to its functional and convenient purposes today. Throughout the progression of wireless technology, Al Gross remained an integral part of designing and updating wireless devices such as cellular phones and pagers to its now diminutive form using microminituarization and other scientific methods.","The Employment series (1944-81, n.d.) contains detailed materials from his first companies such as the Citizens Radio Corporation, Gross Communications, and Royalcall - the first telephone pager company ever. With his contributions in the wireless field, Al Gross became well known worldwide in the wireless front and companies such as True Temper and GTE Sylvania hired Gross not only for his engineering skill but for public relations as well. One example is Gross appearing on the popular television show \"To Tell the Truth\" while he worked for True Temper. Photographs of Gross on \"To Tell the Truth\" are located in the Personal Material series (1918-2000, n.d.) which also includes material spanning from Gross' Junior High School to notes on retirement. Also included are correspondence letters, resumes, and personal certificates.","The Publications series (1945-2000, n.d.) contains a comprehensive list of articles written about Gross and his work as well as articles written by Gross himself. Other publications used primarily for reference are found in the Technical Data series (1943-99, n.d.). Highlighting the series are technical diagrams, charts, and manuals. More information on the work of Al Gross can be found in the Inventions and Patents series (1909-2000, n.d.). Included in the series is a comprehensive photo collection and early drawings of inventions such as the Antenna, Citizens Transceiver, and the wrist-watch walkie-talkie. Complementing the material are photocopied patents with descriptions.","The Government series (1937-90, n.d.) includes materials from the Office of Strategic Services (OSS), which recruited Gross and his walkie-talkies in World War II. Also included are five folders from the Federal Communications Committee (FCC) which gave Gross the rights to the first \"Citizens Radio Service\" after World War II. The FCC also served as the distributor of radio licenses. Original and photocopied licenses of Gross can be found in the Radio Material series (1934-86, n.d.) which also includes material from his amateur radio station W8PAL such as a station log and data book.","Complementing his lifetime of work in the wireless field is a vast collection of recognitions found in the Awards, Achievements series (1959-2000, n.d.). The series includes eighteen different awards and recognitions Al Gross received including awards from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) of which he was a Fellow member. Other awards of Gross are found in boxes 16, 17, and 21. More information on the IEEE can be found in the Subject Files series (1947-96, n.d.) which includes theses, stock certificates, and material highlighting Gross' visit to Virginia Tech.","The Oversize Materials series consists of items such as his awards, blueprints, and original documents which were pulled from the other series as they were too large for inclusion with other items in the series. Key items highlighting the inventor's career are on permanent exhibit in Torgerson Hall."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_4705b01ad0a8f0bc957e95d98bd1bf8f\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Al Gross papers are comprised of the following series: Employment, Publications, Inventions and Patents, Awards and Achievements, Personal Material, Technical Data, Radio Material, Government, Subject Files, and Oversize Materials. The collection also includes Gross' book collection and electronic parts. This collection contains materials relating to the significant contributions Al Gross made in the advancement of wireless technology. The collection provides a detailed look at the evolution of the walkie-talkie from a weapon against the Axis Powers in World War II to its functional and convenient purposes today. Throughout the progression of wireless technology, Al Gross remained an integral part of designing and updating wireless devices such as cellular phones and pagers to its now diminutive form using microminituarization and other scientific methods.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Al Gross papers are comprised of the following series: Employment, Publications, Inventions and Patents, Awards and Achievements, Personal Material, Technical Data, Radio Material, Government, Subject Files, and Oversize Materials. The collection also includes Gross' book collection and electronic parts. This collection contains materials relating to the significant contributions Al Gross made in the advancement of wireless technology. The collection provides a detailed look at the evolution of the walkie-talkie from a weapon against the Axis Powers in World War II to its functional and convenient purposes today. Throughout the progression of wireless technology, Al Gross remained an integral part of designing and updating wireless devices such as cellular phones and pagers to its now diminutive form using microminituarization and other scientific methods."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Gross, Al, d.2000"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Gross, Al, d.2000"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":116,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:30:31.807Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2145_c08_c03"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_838_c02_c03_c118","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"U.S.S.R. Book Reviews by Fitzroy Maclean, 1949/1994","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_838_c02_c03_c118#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_838_c02_c03_c118","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_3_resources_838_c02_c03_c118"],"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_838_c02_c03_c118","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_838","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_838","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_838_c02_c03","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_838_c02_c03","parent_ssim":["Sir Fitzroy Maclean papers, 1827/1996","Literary papers","Russia \u0026 The Former Soviet Union Material"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_3_resources_838","viu_repositories_3_resources_838_c02","viu_repositories_3_resources_838_c02_c03"],"title_filing_ssi":"U.S.S.R. Book Reviews by Fitzroy Maclean","title_ssm":["U.S.S.R. Book Reviews by Fitzroy Maclean"],"title_tesim":["U.S.S.R. Book Reviews by Fitzroy Maclean"],"normalized_title_ssm":["U.S.S.R. Book Reviews by Fitzroy Maclean, 1949/1994"],"text":["U.S.S.R. Book Reviews by Fitzroy Maclean, 1949/1994","Sir Fitzroy Maclean papers, 1827/1996","Literary papers","Russia \u0026 The Former Soviet Union Material","5 folders","box 43"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Sir Fitzroy Maclean papers, 1827/1996","Literary papers","Russia \u0026 The Former Soviet Union Material"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Sir Fitzroy Maclean papers, 1827/1996","Literary papers","Russia \u0026 The Former Soviet Union Material"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1949/1994"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1949-1994"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[3],"sort_isi":449,"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Sir Fitzroy Maclean papers, 1827/1996"],"physdesc_tesim":["5 folders"],"containers_ssim":["box 43"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open for research use."],"date_range_isim":[1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#2/components#117","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:54:18.647Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_838","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_838","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_838","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_838","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_838.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/103243","title_filing_ssi":"Maclean, Sir Fitzroy, papers","title_ssm":["Sir Fitzroy Maclean papers"],"title_tesim":["Sir Fitzroy Maclean papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1827-1996"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1827-1996"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1827/1996"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Sir Fitzroy Maclean papers, 1827/1996"],"text":["Sir Fitzroy Maclean papers, 1827/1996","MSS 11487","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/838","letters (correspondence)","diaries","Black-and-white photographs","Collection is open for research use.","The collection is arranged in four main series, with various subseries:","Series I: Career and Personal Papers (Boxes 1-11)","Subseries A: Diplomatic Service (Box 1)","Subseries B: British Military Mission to Yugoslavia (Boxes 1-2)","Subseries C: Special Refugee Commission (Boxes 2-3)","Subseries D: Political Correspondence (Box 3)","Subseries E: VIP Material (Boxes 3-4)","Subseries F: Yugoslavia \u0026 Tito Related Material (Boxes 4-8)","Subseries G: Family \u0026 Personal Papers (Boxes 9-10)","Subseries H: Honors \u0026 Decorations (Boxes 10- 11)","Series II: Literary Papers - Books, Television \u0026 Radio Scripts, Articles, etc.","Subseries A: Eastern Approaches Material (Boxes 12-15)","Subseries B: Yugoslavia Related Material, including Books (Boxes 15-21); and Articles, Book Reviews, Lectures, Radio \u0026 Television, \u0026 Research (Boxes 21-26)","Subseries C: Russia \u0026 the Former Soviet Union Material, including Books (Boxes 26-40); Articles (Boxes 41-43); Book Reviews \u0026 Lectures (Boxes 43-45); and Radio \u0026 Television (Boxes 45-46)","Subseries D: Scotland Material, including Books (Boxes 46-57), Highlanders Television Series (Boxes 57-58), and Articles, Book Reviews and Lectures (Boxes 59-60)","Subseries E: Miscellaneous Literary Material, including Take Nine Spies (Boxes 60-63), Articles (Boxes 64-66); Book Reviews, Introductions, Lectures \u0026 Speeches and Literary Correspondence (Boxes 67-68); and Radio and Television (Boxes 68-69)","Series III: Photographic Material (Boxes 70-93)","Series IV: Sir Fitzroy Maclean Additional Papers (Boxes 94-102","Fitzroy Hew Royle Maclean was born in 1911 in Cairo, Egypt to Charles Maclean, a major in the British army, and Gladys Royle Maclean. He was raised in Scotland, India, and Italy and attended Eton (1924-28), the University of Marburg in Germany (1929), and Kings' College, Cambridge (1929-32) where he won a senior scholarship and first class honors. He entered the Foreign Office in 1934 and was first posted to Paris, and then to Moscow in 1937 where he served as the Third Secretary in the British Embassy. Stalin's purges were at their height during Maclean's two years in the Soviet Union, and he was present at the state trial of Nikolai Bukharin in 1938. He also made journeys to remote areas of the Soviet Union such as Central Asia and the Caucasus where few if any foreigners had been for many years. In 1939 he returned to London and worked in the Foreign Office on Russian affairs.","When World War II broke out, he wanted to enlist in the military, but as a diplomat was in a \"reserved\" position and was not allowed to do so. He learned that the only way to be released from the Foreign Office was to declare himself a candidate for Parliament, and so he was returned for the constituency of Lancaster at a by-election in 1941. He joined the Cameron Highlanders regiment in the British army as a private, and then the new Special Air Service (SAS) and served in the Western Desert, where he participated in the raid on Benghazi along with SAS founder David Stirling and Randolph Churchill, and foiled a coup in Persia by kidnapping General Zahidi who had collaborated with the Germans.","In July 1943 Prime Minister Winston Churchill asked Maclean to serve as his personal representative and Brigadier commanding a British Military Mission to Josip Broz Tito, leader of the Communist Partisans in German-occupied Yugoslavia. At this stage of the war, there was a debate in the British government over which Yugoslav resistance group it should support - Tito's Partisans or Draza Mihalovich's Cetniks. In September Maclean was dropped by parachute into Bosnia and met Tito, and subsequently reported to Churchill that the Partisans were the more effective fighting force and would benefit from additional British and American aid. In August 1944, as the Germans prepared to withdraw from Yugoslavia Maclean planned \"Operation Ratweek\" for the first week of September, a coordinated Allied and Partisan attack on enemy communications which proved quite successful. In the course of his mission, which lasted until 1945, he became a friend and admirer of Tito. In 1947 Maclean was asked to head the Special Refugee Commission which had the sensitive task of screening of tens of thousands of Yugoslav and Ukrainian Displaced Persons, some of whom were alleged to have committed war crimes, in Italy and Austria.","After completing this assignment, Maclean focused on politics, representing Lancaster until 1959 and Bute and North Ayrshire from 1959-1974, and served as Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for War from 1954-1957. He was chairman of the Committee of the North Atlantic Assembly from 1964-1974. Maclean's friendship with Tito and frequent visits to Yugoslavia allowed him to play a key role in Anglo-Yugoslav relations. In the 1960's he purchased a home on the island of Korcula, becoming one of the few foreigners allowed to own property in Yugoslavia. Maclean also maintained a keen interest in the Soviet Union where he traveled extensively and he served as chairman of the Great Britain-USSR Association. He lectured frequently in the United Kingdom and the United States on Yugoslav and Soviet affairs.","Maclean's literary career was launched in 1949 with the publication of Eastern Approaches, a memoir of his experiences as a diplomat and soldier, which was acclaimed by critics and became a best-seller. This was followed in 1957 by a biography of Tito, Disputed Barricade, A Person from England(1958), describing the adventures of English travelers in Central Asia, and in 1958, Back to Bokhara(1959), and a number of books, articles and book reviews on Yugoslavia, the Soviet Union, and other subjects.","A third focal point of his writing was Scotland, and he published A Concise History of Scotland, (1970), The Isles of the Sea, a collection of West Highland folk tales (1985), Bonnie Prince Charlie, (1988) and Highlanders(1995). Along with establishing a reputation as the author of entertaining and informative works that blended his travel experiences and historical research, he turned his attention to radio and television, working on a number of documentary programs including The Road to Samarkandand The Life and Times of Marshal Titoand two major series. Portrait of the Soviet Unionand Highlanders.","Maclean was made a baronet in 1957 and a Knight of the Thistle in 1993, and was the recipient of many honors and decorations including the Commander of the British Empire, the Croix de Guerre, the Order of Kutusov, and the Partisan Star, and several honorary degrees.","In 1946 Maclean married a widow with two children, Veronica (Fraser) Phipps, daughter of the 16th Lord Lovat. They had two sons, James and Charles. In 1957 the Macleans purchased Strachur, an estate in Argyllshire in the Scottish Highlands, and later operated a hotel on the estate, the Creggans Inn, which became known for its good food, drink, and hospitality. Maclean continued to be extremely active into his eighties and kept up a busy schedule of writing, lecturing and traveling. He died of a heart attack while swimming at a friend's house in June 1996. In Maclean's later years, there was speculation that he had been the inspiration for Ian Fleming's James Bond.","This Fitzroy Maclean papers consist (1827-1996; 44 cubic feet) of the professional and personal papers of Scottish soldier, diplomat, politician, author, and traveler, Sir Fitzroy Hew Maclean (1911-1996) of Dunconnel. It includes correspondence, memoranda, manuscripts, typescripts, newspaper and magazine articles, book reviews, lectures, speeches, photographs, memorabilia, and research material pertaining to his military, diplomatic, political and literary career as well as family and personal affairs.","Maclean is best known for his role during World War II as head of the British military mission to Yugoslavia in which he served as Winston Churchill's personal representative to leader of the Communist Partisans, Josip Broz Tito, his diplomatic service in the Soviet Union in the late 1930's, and as the author of the classic memoir Eastern Approaches (1949) and many other books and articles. After the war, he pursued a political career as a Conservative member of Parliament, and, based on his close relationship with Tito, played a key role in Anglo-Yugoslav affairs. He was also noted for his expertise on the Soviet Union.","A third focal point of his life and career was Scotland: he was a proud member of Clan Maclean and wrote several works on Scottish history, biography, and folklore. The collection contains some material in Serbo-Croatian, German, Italian and French.","The papers are arranged in four main series with various sub-series. Items of particular interest in the First Series, Career and Personal Papers, are described in the following paragraphs devoted to each subseries. In the Diplomatic Subseries are dispatches and memoranda of his trips through Central Asia (including Afghanistan and the ancient cities Bokhara and Samarkand) and the Caucasus, on the situation in Sinkiang (Chinese Turkestan) and on the political stability of the Soviet Union, 1937-1939.","The subseries British Military Mission to Yugoslavia contains Winston Churchill's Minute concerning his Mission to Tito, Autograph Diary (2 pages) re his arrival in Yugoslavia, \"Ratweek\" Map (oversize), twelve files (labeled Top Secret) including memoranda, correspondence, telegrams, etc concerning military and political affairs such as Allied operations and aid to Tito's Partisans, formation of the Yugoslav government, relief, the visit of Field Marshal Alexander, Supreme Allied Commander to Belgrade, Macedonia, Prospect of South Slav federation, and correspondence with Evelyn Waugh.","The Special Refugee Commission subseries contains correspondence, telegrams, reports, including one submitted to Foreign Secretary Ernest Bevin, articles, and a draft of a speech on the refugee problems to a parliamentary committee.","Political correspondence includes papers concerning the Lancaster by-election of 1941, the general election of 1945, and correspondence with Winston Churchill, Harold Macmillan, Anthony Eden, Alec Douglas- Home, Peter Carrington, Harold Wilson, Margaret Thatcher, John Major, Robert Kennedy, John Lindsay, Henry Jackson, and Averell Harriman ; a memorandum to Field Marshal Alexander of Tunis concerning irregular warfare; and correspondence and memoranda related to a parliamentary delegation to Romania in 1973.","Material in the VIP Subseries includes: letters and notes from members of the Royal Family including Prince Charles, Princess Margaret, Elizabeth the Queen Mother; Clementine Churchill and Mary Churchill Soames; and a thank you note from Lauren Bacall.","The Yugoslavia and Tito Subseries contains significant material including memoranda of meetings with Tito in 1949,1950, 1953, 1968, 1973; informative accounts by Maclean and other British officers about the Military Mission in World War II for an official book published by Muzej AVNOJ (1970-1971); correspondence about Maclean's involvement in proposals for the publication of Tito's memoirs (1966-1977) and about the nomination of Tito for the Nobel Peace Prize (1972-1973); correspondence and papers by Maclean and others from a conference on British Policy and Resistance in the Balkans (1973); Briefing papers, correspondence and memoranda of Margaret Thatcher's visit to Yugoslavia in 1977, and correspondence and memorabilia pertaining to the Prince of Wales' visit in 1978; correspondence about Maclean's visit in 1989 and transcript of an interview with Prime Minister Ante Markovic.","For the 1990's, the time of war and the dissolution of Yugoslavia , there is correspondence with David Owen, Stevan Dedijer and others, and about the Korcula Emergency Appeal, a relief effort for a hospital on the island of Korcula, Croatia, organized by the Macleans; letters from Yugoslav friends describing the turmoil , and/or seeking assistance in finding jobs in the United Kingdom; correspondence about renewed controversy about the British Military Mission in World War II. and the Aldington-Tolstoy Libel Case concerning the repatriation of Yugoslavs in 1945. It should also be noted that in Series II, Subseries B, Literary Material pertaining to Yugoslavia, there is some correspondence filed with the manuscripts, typescripts, articles and radio and television transcripts.","The Subseries Family and Personal Papers has letters from friends and teachers, some in German, French, and Italian. In a significant group of letters to his parents (1939-1945) from London, Cairo, Belgrade, and elsewhere, Maclean discussed the international situation, his desire to leave the Foreign Office in order to join the army, life in London during the Blitz, the beginning of his political career, and his military service (some letters were extensively cut by the censors). There are also a number of letters to his parents from the years 1946-1955 from Maclean and his wife Veronica discussing family matters and living conditions in Italy and Austria while Maclean was directing the Special Refugee Commission, and about their travels in Yugoslavia, Greece and Turkey in the early 1950's.","Also present is correspondence with Frank McLynn, his biographer, 1990-1994, and two scrapbooks. The blue scrapbook (1939-1951) includes one letter of Maclean to his aunt, newspaper clippings relating to his military service in Yugoslavia, his marriage, some articles by him, a few photographs. The red scrapbook, 1943-1946 also has newspaper clippings about his military service and political career and articles by him.","The Second Series consists of literary papers. This series contains drafts, typescripts, setting copies of his books with related correspondence with publishers and others about the publication process, contracts, royalty statements, book reviews, fan mail, articles, book reviews, speeches, lectures, transcripts of radio and television programs, film proposals or treatments. Several of his books were published under different titles in the United States. It is organized into five subseries based on subject matter. These include: Eastern Approaches(American title- Escape to Adventure); Yugoslavia (the country as originally constituted and also the new states that emerged in the 1990's); Russia and the former Soviet Union and the new nations post 1990); Scotland; and Miscellaneous Literary.","The subseries about Eastern Approachescontains a typed manuscript (Setting copy) with corrections, including an unpublished introduction; some material omitted from the published version including his admiration for a Soviet army unit, comments on the Cetniks, and conversations with King George VI and Winston Churchill and King Peter of Yugoslavia; letters from Michael Adeane, Secretary to King George VI and Winston Churchill requesting that certain passages be omitted; a letter from Peter Fleming to Jonathan Cape offering his opinion of the book, a letter from Ian Fleming to Jonathan Cape and a note to Maclean.","Other material includes correspondence with Jonathan Cape and other publishers about a new edition, correspondence with Douglas Fairbanks, Eric Ambler and others concerning a possible film version, and with Ian Curteis about a proposed television adaptation.","The Yugoslavia Subseries includes books: Disputed Barricade(1957), published in America as The Heretic, which includes an interview with Tito; Yugoslavia(1969), in which Maclean wrote the text for this book of photographs; Battle of Neretva(1970); and Tito: A Pictorial Biography(1980). Also present are articles from newspapers and magazines, 1947-1995, on Yugoslav politics and society, including interviews with Tito. Particularly interesting are two unpublished articles \"Whither Yugoslavia?\" written in 1989 based on interviews with Yugoslav politicians, including Slobodan Milosevic. There are also a number of book reviews of works by Julian Amery, William Deakin, Noel Malcolm and Misha Glenny and others.","In addition, the subseries on Yugoslavia contains lectures, 1949-1995; transcripts of radio and television programs, with related correspondence; and some interviews with Tito, notably The \"Life and Times of Marshal Tito\" (December 1963); and one for a CBS news program (1969).","The Russian Material Subseries contains drafts, correspondence, and research material for his books A Person from England(1958), including several autograph letters,1827-1861, of Dr. Joseph Wolff, one of the English travelers chronicled in the book; Back to Bokhara(1959); Holy Russia(1978); drafts titled \"All the Russias\" and \"The Other Russias,\" which were the basis for To the Back of Beyond(1974), To Caucasus: End of All the Earth(1976); and Holy Russia(1978) which completed the trilogy; Portrait of the Soviet Union(1988), including material for both the book and the related TBS television series since Maclean was working on these simultaneously; and All the Russias(1992). Correspondents include Pamela Harriman, Marietta Tree and Fitzgerald Bemiss.","In addition to his books about Russia and the Soviet Union, his papers also contain articles, 1949-1995 on political, social, economic, cultural aspects of the former Soviet Union, a number on Georgia and the Caucasus, and Mikhail Gorbachev; book reviews, 1949-1994; and radio and television material, such as correspondence and transcripts for programs, including \"The End of All the Earth\" and \"Carnival in the Caucasus\"; interviews with Anna Mikhailovna Larina (Bukharin's widow) and others for the BBC \"Timewatch\" program \"Bukharin.\"","The subseries concerning his Scotland material includes books, A Concise History of Scotland(1970); Isles of the Sea(1985); Bonnie Prince Charlie(1988); and Highlanders(originally titled Clans) (1995). Material for the book and television series are combined since Maclean was working on them simultaneously. Among the articles on Scotland is a notable series \"Scottish Approaches\" which appeared in The Scotsmanin 1959.","The last subseries in Maclean's Literary Papers consists of miscellaneous literary material, including material for the book Take Nine Spies. There is also correspondence with publishers in which he discusses more than one book, and with his literary agents.","Articles are arranged chronologically, and topics range from post World War II Japan, Korea, Italy, the Middle East, and defense policy to China and Mongolia in the 1960's, an extended trip to China in 1988, and his travels in Nepal, Tibet, and Oman in the 1990's. There are also articles about his military, diplomatic, political and literary career, his travels, and personal life, and note that others are contained in two scrapbooks. The radio and television material includes his commentaries on the international scene from 1946 on.","Photographic Material comprises the third series, which contains twenty-four boxes of photographs (some in albums), contact sheets, negatives, and slides, taken by Maclean, primarily of his travels in the former Soviet Union, Europe and Asia, from 1938 through the 1990's. Especially noteworthy are those taken in Moscow, Leningrad, and Central Asia, including Afghanistan, the cities Bokhara and Samarkand, and Persia, Paris and Florence in the late 1930's, Yugoslavia during World War II, postwar Korean and China, and of Yugoslavia, Greece, Turkey and Iran in the early 1950's. Maclean visited the former Soviet Union frequently from the late 1950's through 1987 and took numerous photographs of his favorite regions, Central Asia and the Caucasus, particularly Georgia.","As for Yugoslavia, there is an album dated 1953 labeled Namanevru Jugoslovenska Narodne, Armije (Yugoslav People's Army) with photographs of Tito, Maclean, and soldiers; and photographs from the early 1960's through 1980 including a number of photographs of Tito. Individuals subjects include Winston Churchill and Margaret Thatcher. There are also many family photographs taken at Maclean's homes Beechfield and Strachur, and of friends. The photographs used in Eastern Approaches, Disputed Barricade, A Person from England, and Bonnie Prince Charlieare also in this section.\n \n The fourth series consists of two small additions to the papers and include some correpondence files, such as congratulatory letters about his appointment as Under Secretary for War in 1954 and his Baronetcy in 1957, his letters published in the press, and the Great Britain-USSR Association; files on his participation in various conferences concerning Yugoslavia and War War II; election campaign materials of Maclean; Notebooks, including \"Russian Notebook\" (May 15-June 17, 1958); \"Mission\" describing his recall from the Middle East in 1943 to go to Yugoslavia as Winston Churchill's personal representative to support the resistance forces that were most effective against the Germans, moving British support from the Chetniks to the Communist-led partisans and Tito, (circa 1943-1944); and a trip to the country of Georgia (no year, May-June); news articles; speeches by Maclean, including printed speeches published in \"Parliamentary Debates\"; passports; pocket and desk diaries; first drafts of \"Eastern Approaches\"; a file on guerilla warfare; a copy of a 1938 Report on Central Asia by Maclean; and Veronica Maclean's description about her first meeting with Josip Broz Tito in 1947.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Maclean, Fitzroy, 1911-1996","Materials are in English."],"collection_title_tesim":["Sir Fitzroy Maclean papers, 1827/1996"],"collection_ssim":["Sir Fitzroy Maclean papers, 1827/1996"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["File","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 11487","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/838"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 11487","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/838"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Maclean, Fitzroy, 1911-1996"],"creator_ssim":["Maclean, Fitzroy, 1911-1996"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Maclean, Fitzroy, 1911-1996"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creators_ssim":["Maclean, Fitzroy, 1911-1996","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased by the University of Virginia Library on November 30, 1998. The first addition, consisting of the desk diaries of Sir Fitzroy Maclean (MSS 11487-a), was received on March 7, 2003, and the second addition (ViU20160030) was received on December 1, 2015."],"access_subjects_ssim":["letters (correspondence)","diaries","Black-and-white photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["letters (correspondence)","diaries","Black-and-white photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["44 Cubic Feet 102 document boxes, 2 os folders"],"extent_tesim":["44 Cubic Feet 102 document boxes, 2 os folders"],"genreform_ssim":["letters (correspondence)","diaries","Black-and-white photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research use."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in four main series, with various subseries: \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries I: Career and Personal Papers (Boxes 1-11) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries A: Diplomatic Service (Box 1) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries B: British Military Mission to Yugoslavia (Boxes 1-2) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries C: Special Refugee Commission (Boxes 2-3) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries D: Political Correspondence (Box 3) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries E: VIP Material (Boxes 3-4) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries F: Yugoslavia \u0026amp; Tito Related Material (Boxes 4-8) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries G: Family \u0026amp; Personal Papers (Boxes 9-10) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries H: Honors \u0026amp; Decorations (Boxes 10- 11) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries II: Literary Papers - Books, Television \u0026amp; Radio Scripts, Articles, etc. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries A: Eastern Approaches Material (Boxes 12-15) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries B: Yugoslavia Related Material, including Books (Boxes 15-21); and Articles, Book Reviews, Lectures, Radio \u0026amp; Television, \u0026amp; Research (Boxes 21-26) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries C: Russia \u0026amp; the Former Soviet Union Material, including Books (Boxes 26-40); Articles (Boxes 41-43); Book Reviews \u0026amp; Lectures (Boxes 43-45); and Radio \u0026amp; Television (Boxes 45-46) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries D: Scotland Material, including Books (Boxes 46-57), Highlanders Television Series (Boxes 57-58), and Articles, Book Reviews and Lectures (Boxes 59-60) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries E: Miscellaneous Literary Material, including Take Nine Spies (Boxes 60-63), Articles (Boxes 64-66); Book Reviews, Introductions, Lectures \u0026amp; Speeches and Literary Correspondence (Boxes 67-68); and Radio and Television (Boxes 68-69) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries III: Photographic Material (Boxes 70-93)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV: Sir Fitzroy Maclean Additional Papers (Boxes 94-102 \u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in four main series, with various subseries:","Series I: Career and Personal Papers (Boxes 1-11)","Subseries A: Diplomatic Service (Box 1)","Subseries B: British Military Mission to Yugoslavia (Boxes 1-2)","Subseries C: Special Refugee Commission (Boxes 2-3)","Subseries D: Political Correspondence (Box 3)","Subseries E: VIP Material (Boxes 3-4)","Subseries F: Yugoslavia \u0026 Tito Related Material (Boxes 4-8)","Subseries G: Family \u0026 Personal Papers (Boxes 9-10)","Subseries H: Honors \u0026 Decorations (Boxes 10- 11)","Series II: Literary Papers - Books, Television \u0026 Radio Scripts, Articles, etc.","Subseries A: Eastern Approaches Material (Boxes 12-15)","Subseries B: Yugoslavia Related Material, including Books (Boxes 15-21); and Articles, Book Reviews, Lectures, Radio \u0026 Television, \u0026 Research (Boxes 21-26)","Subseries C: Russia \u0026 the Former Soviet Union Material, including Books (Boxes 26-40); Articles (Boxes 41-43); Book Reviews \u0026 Lectures (Boxes 43-45); and Radio \u0026 Television (Boxes 45-46)","Subseries D: Scotland Material, including Books (Boxes 46-57), Highlanders Television Series (Boxes 57-58), and Articles, Book Reviews and Lectures (Boxes 59-60)","Subseries E: Miscellaneous Literary Material, including Take Nine Spies (Boxes 60-63), Articles (Boxes 64-66); Book Reviews, Introductions, Lectures \u0026 Speeches and Literary Correspondence (Boxes 67-68); and Radio and Television (Boxes 68-69)","Series III: Photographic Material (Boxes 70-93)","Series IV: Sir Fitzroy Maclean Additional Papers (Boxes 94-102"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFitzroy Hew Royle Maclean was born in 1911 in Cairo, Egypt to Charles Maclean, a major in the British army, and Gladys Royle Maclean. He was raised in Scotland, India, and Italy and attended Eton (1924-28), the University of Marburg in Germany (1929), and Kings' College, Cambridge (1929-32) where he won a senior scholarship and first class honors. He entered the Foreign Office in 1934 and was first posted to Paris, and then to Moscow in 1937 where he served as the Third Secretary in the British Embassy. Stalin's purges were at their height during Maclean's two years in the Soviet Union, and he was present at the state trial of Nikolai Bukharin in 1938. He also made journeys to remote areas of the Soviet Union such as Central Asia and the Caucasus where few if any foreigners had been for many years. In 1939 he returned to London and worked in the Foreign Office on Russian affairs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e When World War II broke out, he wanted to enlist in the military, but as a diplomat was in a \"reserved\" position and was not allowed to do so. He learned that the only way to be released from the Foreign Office was to declare himself a candidate for Parliament, and so he was returned for the constituency of Lancaster at a by-election in 1941. He joined the Cameron Highlanders regiment in the British army as a private, and then the new Special Air Service (SAS) and served in the Western Desert, where he participated in the raid on Benghazi along with SAS founder David Stirling and Randolph Churchill, and foiled a coup in Persia by kidnapping General Zahidi who had collaborated with the Germans.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e In July 1943 Prime Minister Winston Churchill asked Maclean to serve as his personal representative and Brigadier commanding a British Military Mission to Josip Broz Tito, leader of the Communist Partisans in German-occupied Yugoslavia. At this stage of the war, there was a debate in the British government over which Yugoslav resistance group it should support - Tito's Partisans or Draza Mihalovich's Cetniks. In September Maclean was dropped by parachute into Bosnia and met Tito, and subsequently reported to Churchill that the Partisans were the more effective fighting force and would benefit from additional British and American aid. In August 1944, as the Germans prepared to withdraw from Yugoslavia Maclean planned \"Operation Ratweek\" for the first week of September, a coordinated Allied and Partisan attack on enemy communications which proved quite successful. In the course of his mission, which lasted until 1945, he became a friend and admirer of Tito. In 1947 Maclean was asked to head the Special Refugee Commission which had the sensitive task of screening of tens of thousands of Yugoslav and Ukrainian Displaced Persons, some of whom were alleged to have committed war crimes, in Italy and Austria.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e After completing this assignment, Maclean focused on politics, representing Lancaster until 1959 and Bute and North Ayrshire from 1959-1974, and served as Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for War from 1954-1957. He was chairman of the Committee of the North Atlantic Assembly from 1964-1974. Maclean's friendship with Tito and frequent visits to Yugoslavia allowed him to play a key role in Anglo-Yugoslav relations. In the 1960's he purchased a home on the island of Korcula, becoming one of the few foreigners allowed to own property in Yugoslavia. Maclean also maintained a keen interest in the Soviet Union where he traveled extensively and he served as chairman of the Great Britain-USSR Association. He lectured frequently in the United Kingdom and the United States on Yugoslav and Soviet affairs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Maclean's literary career was launched in 1949 with the publication of Eastern Approaches, a memoir of his experiences as a diplomat and soldier, which was acclaimed by critics and became a best-seller. This was followed in 1957 by a biography of Tito, \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eDisputed Barricade, A Person from England\u003c/title\u003e(1958), describing the adventures of English travelers in Central Asia, and in 1958, \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eBack to Bokhara\u003c/title\u003e(1959), and a number of books, articles and book reviews on Yugoslavia, the Soviet Union, and other subjects.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e A third focal point of his writing was Scotland, and he published \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eA Concise History of Scotland\u003c/title\u003e, (1970), \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Isles of the Sea\u003c/title\u003e, a collection of West Highland folk tales (1985), \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eBonnie Prince Charlie\u003c/title\u003e, (1988) and \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eHighlanders\u003c/title\u003e(1995). Along with establishing a reputation as the author of entertaining and informative works that blended his travel experiences and historical research, he turned his attention to radio and television, working on a number of documentary programs including \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Road to Samarkand\u003c/title\u003eand \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Life and Times of Marshal Tito\u003c/title\u003eand two major series. \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003ePortrait of the Soviet Union\u003c/title\u003eand \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eHighlanders\u003c/title\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Maclean was made a baronet in 1957 and a Knight of the Thistle in 1993, and was the recipient of many honors and decorations including the Commander of the British Empire, the Croix de Guerre, the Order of Kutusov, and the Partisan Star, and several honorary degrees.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e In 1946 Maclean married a widow with two children, Veronica (Fraser) Phipps, daughter of the 16th Lord Lovat. They had two sons, James and Charles. In 1957 the Macleans purchased Strachur, an estate in Argyllshire in the Scottish Highlands, and later operated a hotel on the estate, the Creggans Inn, which became known for its good food, drink, and hospitality. Maclean continued to be extremely active into his eighties and kept up a busy schedule of writing, lecturing and traveling. He died of a heart attack while swimming at a friend's house in June 1996. In Maclean's later years, there was speculation that he had been the inspiration for Ian Fleming's James Bond.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Fitzroy Hew Royle Maclean was born in 1911 in Cairo, Egypt to Charles Maclean, a major in the British army, and Gladys Royle Maclean. He was raised in Scotland, India, and Italy and attended Eton (1924-28), the University of Marburg in Germany (1929), and Kings' College, Cambridge (1929-32) where he won a senior scholarship and first class honors. He entered the Foreign Office in 1934 and was first posted to Paris, and then to Moscow in 1937 where he served as the Third Secretary in the British Embassy. Stalin's purges were at their height during Maclean's two years in the Soviet Union, and he was present at the state trial of Nikolai Bukharin in 1938. He also made journeys to remote areas of the Soviet Union such as Central Asia and the Caucasus where few if any foreigners had been for many years. In 1939 he returned to London and worked in the Foreign Office on Russian affairs.","When World War II broke out, he wanted to enlist in the military, but as a diplomat was in a \"reserved\" position and was not allowed to do so. He learned that the only way to be released from the Foreign Office was to declare himself a candidate for Parliament, and so he was returned for the constituency of Lancaster at a by-election in 1941. He joined the Cameron Highlanders regiment in the British army as a private, and then the new Special Air Service (SAS) and served in the Western Desert, where he participated in the raid on Benghazi along with SAS founder David Stirling and Randolph Churchill, and foiled a coup in Persia by kidnapping General Zahidi who had collaborated with the Germans.","In July 1943 Prime Minister Winston Churchill asked Maclean to serve as his personal representative and Brigadier commanding a British Military Mission to Josip Broz Tito, leader of the Communist Partisans in German-occupied Yugoslavia. At this stage of the war, there was a debate in the British government over which Yugoslav resistance group it should support - Tito's Partisans or Draza Mihalovich's Cetniks. In September Maclean was dropped by parachute into Bosnia and met Tito, and subsequently reported to Churchill that the Partisans were the more effective fighting force and would benefit from additional British and American aid. In August 1944, as the Germans prepared to withdraw from Yugoslavia Maclean planned \"Operation Ratweek\" for the first week of September, a coordinated Allied and Partisan attack on enemy communications which proved quite successful. In the course of his mission, which lasted until 1945, he became a friend and admirer of Tito. In 1947 Maclean was asked to head the Special Refugee Commission which had the sensitive task of screening of tens of thousands of Yugoslav and Ukrainian Displaced Persons, some of whom were alleged to have committed war crimes, in Italy and Austria.","After completing this assignment, Maclean focused on politics, representing Lancaster until 1959 and Bute and North Ayrshire from 1959-1974, and served as Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for War from 1954-1957. He was chairman of the Committee of the North Atlantic Assembly from 1964-1974. Maclean's friendship with Tito and frequent visits to Yugoslavia allowed him to play a key role in Anglo-Yugoslav relations. In the 1960's he purchased a home on the island of Korcula, becoming one of the few foreigners allowed to own property in Yugoslavia. Maclean also maintained a keen interest in the Soviet Union where he traveled extensively and he served as chairman of the Great Britain-USSR Association. He lectured frequently in the United Kingdom and the United States on Yugoslav and Soviet affairs.","Maclean's literary career was launched in 1949 with the publication of Eastern Approaches, a memoir of his experiences as a diplomat and soldier, which was acclaimed by critics and became a best-seller. This was followed in 1957 by a biography of Tito, Disputed Barricade, A Person from England(1958), describing the adventures of English travelers in Central Asia, and in 1958, Back to Bokhara(1959), and a number of books, articles and book reviews on Yugoslavia, the Soviet Union, and other subjects.","A third focal point of his writing was Scotland, and he published A Concise History of Scotland, (1970), The Isles of the Sea, a collection of West Highland folk tales (1985), Bonnie Prince Charlie, (1988) and Highlanders(1995). Along with establishing a reputation as the author of entertaining and informative works that blended his travel experiences and historical research, he turned his attention to radio and television, working on a number of documentary programs including The Road to Samarkandand The Life and Times of Marshal Titoand two major series. Portrait of the Soviet Unionand Highlanders.","Maclean was made a baronet in 1957 and a Knight of the Thistle in 1993, and was the recipient of many honors and decorations including the Commander of the British Empire, the Croix de Guerre, the Order of Kutusov, and the Partisan Star, and several honorary degrees.","In 1946 Maclean married a widow with two children, Veronica (Fraser) Phipps, daughter of the 16th Lord Lovat. They had two sons, James and Charles. In 1957 the Macleans purchased Strachur, an estate in Argyllshire in the Scottish Highlands, and later operated a hotel on the estate, the Creggans Inn, which became known for its good food, drink, and hospitality. Maclean continued to be extremely active into his eighties and kept up a busy schedule of writing, lecturing and traveling. He died of a heart attack while swimming at a friend's house in June 1996. In Maclean's later years, there was speculation that he had been the inspiration for Ian Fleming's James Bond."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 11487 Sir Fitzroy Maclean papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 11487 Sir Fitzroy Maclean papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis Fitzroy Maclean papers consist (1827-1996; 44 cubic feet) of the professional and personal papers of Scottish soldier, diplomat, politician, author, and traveler, Sir Fitzroy Hew Maclean (1911-1996) of Dunconnel. It includes correspondence, memoranda, manuscripts, typescripts, newspaper and magazine articles, book reviews, lectures, speeches, photographs, memorabilia, and research material pertaining to his military, diplomatic, political and literary career as well as family and personal affairs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaclean is best known for his role during World War II as head of the British military mission to Yugoslavia in which he served as Winston Churchill's personal representative to leader of the Communist Partisans, Josip Broz Tito, his diplomatic service in the Soviet Union in the late 1930's, and as the author of the classic memoir Eastern Approaches (1949) and many other books and articles. After the war, he pursued a political career as a Conservative member of Parliament, and, based on his close relationship with Tito, played a key role in Anglo-Yugoslav affairs. He was also noted for his expertise on the Soviet Union.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e A third focal point of his life and career was Scotland: he was a proud member of Clan Maclean and wrote several works on Scottish history, biography, and folklore. The collection contains some material in Serbo-Croatian, German, Italian and French.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The papers are arranged in four main series with various sub-series. Items of particular interest in the First Series, Career and Personal Papers, are described in the following paragraphs devoted to each subseries. In the Diplomatic Subseries are dispatches and memoranda of his trips through Central Asia (including Afghanistan and the ancient cities Bokhara and Samarkand) and the Caucasus, on the situation in Sinkiang (Chinese Turkestan) and on the political stability of the Soviet Union, 1937-1939.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The subseries British Military Mission to Yugoslavia contains Winston Churchill's Minute concerning his Mission to Tito, Autograph Diary (2 pages) re his arrival in Yugoslavia, \"Ratweek\" Map (oversize), twelve files (labeled Top Secret) including memoranda, correspondence, telegrams, etc concerning military and political affairs such as Allied operations and aid to Tito's Partisans, formation of the Yugoslav government, relief, the visit of Field Marshal Alexander, Supreme Allied Commander to Belgrade, Macedonia, Prospect of South Slav federation, and correspondence with Evelyn Waugh.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The Special Refugee Commission subseries contains correspondence, telegrams, reports, including one submitted to Foreign Secretary Ernest Bevin, articles, and a draft of a speech on the refugee problems to a parliamentary committee.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Political correspondence includes papers concerning the Lancaster by-election of 1941, the general election of 1945, and correspondence with Winston Churchill, Harold Macmillan, Anthony Eden, Alec Douglas- Home, Peter Carrington, Harold Wilson, Margaret Thatcher, John Major, Robert Kennedy, John Lindsay, Henry Jackson, and Averell Harriman ; a memorandum to Field Marshal Alexander of Tunis concerning irregular warfare; and correspondence and memoranda related to a parliamentary delegation to Romania in 1973.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Material in the VIP Subseries includes: letters and notes from members of the Royal Family including Prince Charles, Princess Margaret, Elizabeth the Queen Mother; Clementine Churchill and Mary Churchill Soames; and a thank you note from Lauren Bacall.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The Yugoslavia and Tito Subseries contains significant material including memoranda of meetings with Tito in 1949,1950, 1953, 1968, 1973; informative accounts by Maclean and other British officers about the Military Mission in World War II for an official book published by Muzej AVNOJ (1970-1971); correspondence about Maclean's involvement in proposals for the publication of Tito's memoirs (1966-1977) and about the nomination of Tito for the Nobel Peace Prize (1972-1973); correspondence and papers by Maclean and others from a conference on British Policy and Resistance in the Balkans (1973); Briefing papers, correspondence and memoranda of Margaret Thatcher's visit to Yugoslavia in 1977, and correspondence and memorabilia pertaining to the Prince of Wales' visit in 1978; correspondence about Maclean's visit in 1989 and transcript of an interview with Prime Minister Ante Markovic.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e For the 1990's, the time of war and the dissolution of Yugoslavia , there is correspondence with David Owen, Stevan Dedijer and others, and about the Korcula Emergency Appeal, a relief effort for a hospital on the island of Korcula, Croatia, organized by the Macleans; letters from Yugoslav friends describing the turmoil , and/or seeking assistance in finding jobs in the United Kingdom; correspondence about renewed controversy about the British Military Mission in World War II. and the Aldington-Tolstoy Libel Case concerning the repatriation of Yugoslavs in 1945. It should also be noted that in Series II, Subseries B, Literary Material pertaining to Yugoslavia, there is some correspondence filed with the manuscripts, typescripts, articles and radio and television transcripts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The Subseries Family and Personal Papers has letters from friends and teachers, some in German, French, and Italian. In a significant group of letters to his parents (1939-1945) from London, Cairo, Belgrade, and elsewhere, Maclean discussed the international situation, his desire to leave the Foreign Office in order to join the army, life in London during the Blitz, the beginning of his political career, and his military service (some letters were extensively cut by the censors). There are also a number of letters to his parents from the years 1946-1955 from Maclean and his wife Veronica discussing family matters and living conditions in Italy and Austria while Maclean was directing the Special Refugee Commission, and about their travels in Yugoslavia, Greece and Turkey in the early 1950's.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Also present is correspondence with Frank McLynn, his biographer, 1990-1994, and two scrapbooks. The blue scrapbook (1939-1951) includes one letter of Maclean to his aunt, newspaper clippings relating to his military service in Yugoslavia, his marriage, some articles by him, a few photographs. The red scrapbook, 1943-1946 also has newspaper clippings about his military service and political career and articles by him.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The Second Series consists of literary papers. This series contains drafts, typescripts, setting copies of his books with related correspondence with publishers and others about the publication process, contracts, royalty statements, book reviews, fan mail, articles, book reviews, speeches, lectures, transcripts of radio and television programs, film proposals or treatments. Several of his books were published under different titles in the United States. It is organized into five subseries based on subject matter. These include: \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eEastern Approaches\u003c/title\u003e(American title- \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eEscape to Adventure\u003c/title\u003e); Yugoslavia (the country as originally constituted and also the new states that emerged in the 1990's); Russia and the former Soviet Union and the new nations post 1990); Scotland; and Miscellaneous Literary.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The subseries about \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eEastern Approaches\u003c/title\u003econtains a typed manuscript (Setting copy) with corrections, including an unpublished introduction; some material omitted from the published version including his admiration for a Soviet army unit, comments on the Cetniks, and conversations with King George VI and Winston Churchill and King Peter of Yugoslavia; letters from Michael Adeane, Secretary to King George VI and Winston Churchill requesting that certain passages be omitted; a letter from Peter Fleming to Jonathan Cape offering his opinion of the book, a letter from Ian Fleming to Jonathan Cape and a note to Maclean.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Other material includes correspondence with Jonathan Cape and other publishers about a new edition, correspondence with Douglas Fairbanks, Eric Ambler and others concerning a possible film version, and with Ian Curteis about a proposed television adaptation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The Yugoslavia Subseries includes books: \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eDisputed Barricade\u003c/title\u003e(1957), published in America as \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Heretic\u003c/title\u003e, which includes an interview with Tito; \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eYugoslavia\u003c/title\u003e(1969), in which Maclean wrote the text for this book of photographs; \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eBattle of Neretva\u003c/title\u003e(1970); and \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eTito: A Pictorial Biography\u003c/title\u003e(1980). Also present are articles from newspapers and magazines, 1947-1995, on Yugoslav politics and society, including interviews with Tito. Particularly interesting are two unpublished articles \"Whither Yugoslavia?\" written in 1989 based on interviews with Yugoslav politicians, including Slobodan Milosevic. There are also a number of book reviews of works by Julian Amery, William Deakin, Noel Malcolm and Misha Glenny and others.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e In addition, the subseries on Yugoslavia contains lectures, 1949-1995; transcripts of radio and television programs, with related correspondence; and some interviews with Tito, notably The \"Life and Times of Marshal Tito\" (December 1963); and one for a CBS news program (1969).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The Russian Material Subseries contains drafts, correspondence, and research material for his books \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eA Person from England\u003c/title\u003e(1958), including several autograph letters,1827-1861, of Dr. Joseph Wolff, one of the English travelers chronicled in the book; \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eBack to Bokhara\u003c/title\u003e(1959); \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eHoly Russia\u003c/title\u003e(1978); drafts titled \"All the Russias\" and \"The Other Russias,\" which were the basis for \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eTo the Back of Beyond\u003c/title\u003e(1974), \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eTo Caucasus: End of All the Earth\u003c/title\u003e(1976); and \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eHoly Russia\u003c/title\u003e(1978) which completed the trilogy; \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003ePortrait of the Soviet Union\u003c/title\u003e(1988), including material for both the book and the related TBS television series since Maclean was working on these simultaneously; and \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eAll the Russias\u003c/title\u003e(1992). Correspondents include Pamela Harriman, Marietta Tree and Fitzgerald Bemiss.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e In addition to his books about Russia and the Soviet Union, his papers also contain articles, 1949-1995 on political, social, economic, cultural aspects of the former Soviet Union, a number on Georgia and the Caucasus, and Mikhail Gorbachev; book reviews, 1949-1994; and radio and television material, such as correspondence and transcripts for programs, including \"The End of All the Earth\" and \"Carnival in the Caucasus\"; interviews with Anna Mikhailovna Larina (Bukharin's widow) and others for the BBC \"Timewatch\" program \"Bukharin.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The subseries concerning his Scotland material includes books, \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eA Concise History of Scotland\u003c/title\u003e(1970); \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eIsles of the Sea\u003c/title\u003e(1985); \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eBonnie Prince Charlie\u003c/title\u003e(1988); and \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eHighlanders\u003c/title\u003e(originally titled \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eClans\u003c/title\u003e) (1995). Material for the book and television series are combined since Maclean was working on them simultaneously. Among the articles on Scotland is a notable series \"Scottish Approaches\" which appeared in \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Scotsman\u003c/title\u003ein 1959.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The last subseries in Maclean's Literary Papers consists of miscellaneous literary material, including material for the book \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eTake Nine Spies\u003c/title\u003e. There is also correspondence with publishers in which he discusses more than one book, and with his literary agents.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Articles are arranged chronologically, and topics range from post World War II Japan, Korea, Italy, the Middle East, and defense policy to China and Mongolia in the 1960's, an extended trip to China in 1988, and his travels in Nepal, Tibet, and Oman in the 1990's. There are also articles about his military, diplomatic, political and literary career, his travels, and personal life, and note that others are contained in two scrapbooks. The radio and television material includes his commentaries on the international scene from 1946 on.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Photographic Material comprises the third series, which contains twenty-four boxes of photographs (some in albums), contact sheets, negatives, and slides, taken by Maclean, primarily of his travels in the former Soviet Union, Europe and Asia, from 1938 through the 1990's. Especially noteworthy are those taken in Moscow, Leningrad, and Central Asia, including Afghanistan, the cities Bokhara and Samarkand, and Persia, Paris and Florence in the late 1930's, Yugoslavia during World War II, postwar Korean and China, and of Yugoslavia, Greece, Turkey and Iran in the early 1950's. Maclean visited the former Soviet Union frequently from the late 1950's through 1987 and took numerous photographs of his favorite regions, Central Asia and the Caucasus, particularly Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e As for Yugoslavia, there is an album dated 1953 labeled Namanevru Jugoslovenska Narodne, Armije (Yugoslav People's Army) with photographs of Tito, Maclean, and soldiers; and photographs from the early 1960's through 1980 including a number of photographs of Tito. Individuals subjects include Winston Churchill and Margaret Thatcher. There are also many family photographs taken at Maclean's homes Beechfield and Strachur, and of friends. The photographs used in \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eEastern Approaches\u003c/title\u003e, \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eDisputed Barricade\u003c/title\u003e, \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eA Person from England\u003c/title\u003e, and \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eBonnie Prince Charlie\u003c/title\u003eare also in this section.\n \n The fourth series consists of two small additions to the papers and include some correpondence files, such as congratulatory letters about his appointment as Under Secretary for War in 1954 and his Baronetcy in 1957, his letters published in the press, and the Great Britain-USSR Association; files on his participation in various conferences concerning Yugoslavia and War War II; election campaign materials of Maclean; Notebooks, including \"Russian Notebook\" (May 15-June 17, 1958); \"Mission\" describing his recall from the Middle East in 1943 to go to Yugoslavia as Winston Churchill's personal representative to support the resistance forces that were most effective against the Germans, moving British support from the Chetniks to the Communist-led partisans and Tito, (circa 1943-1944); and a trip to the country of Georgia (no year, May-June); news articles; speeches by Maclean, including printed speeches published in \"Parliamentary Debates\"; passports; pocket and desk diaries; first drafts of \"Eastern Approaches\"; a file on guerilla warfare; a copy of a 1938 Report on Central Asia by Maclean; and Veronica Maclean's description about her first meeting with Josip Broz Tito in 1947.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents Note"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This Fitzroy Maclean papers consist (1827-1996; 44 cubic feet) of the professional and personal papers of Scottish soldier, diplomat, politician, author, and traveler, Sir Fitzroy Hew Maclean (1911-1996) of Dunconnel. It includes correspondence, memoranda, manuscripts, typescripts, newspaper and magazine articles, book reviews, lectures, speeches, photographs, memorabilia, and research material pertaining to his military, diplomatic, political and literary career as well as family and personal affairs.","Maclean is best known for his role during World War II as head of the British military mission to Yugoslavia in which he served as Winston Churchill's personal representative to leader of the Communist Partisans, Josip Broz Tito, his diplomatic service in the Soviet Union in the late 1930's, and as the author of the classic memoir Eastern Approaches (1949) and many other books and articles. After the war, he pursued a political career as a Conservative member of Parliament, and, based on his close relationship with Tito, played a key role in Anglo-Yugoslav affairs. He was also noted for his expertise on the Soviet Union.","A third focal point of his life and career was Scotland: he was a proud member of Clan Maclean and wrote several works on Scottish history, biography, and folklore. The collection contains some material in Serbo-Croatian, German, Italian and French.","The papers are arranged in four main series with various sub-series. Items of particular interest in the First Series, Career and Personal Papers, are described in the following paragraphs devoted to each subseries. In the Diplomatic Subseries are dispatches and memoranda of his trips through Central Asia (including Afghanistan and the ancient cities Bokhara and Samarkand) and the Caucasus, on the situation in Sinkiang (Chinese Turkestan) and on the political stability of the Soviet Union, 1937-1939.","The subseries British Military Mission to Yugoslavia contains Winston Churchill's Minute concerning his Mission to Tito, Autograph Diary (2 pages) re his arrival in Yugoslavia, \"Ratweek\" Map (oversize), twelve files (labeled Top Secret) including memoranda, correspondence, telegrams, etc concerning military and political affairs such as Allied operations and aid to Tito's Partisans, formation of the Yugoslav government, relief, the visit of Field Marshal Alexander, Supreme Allied Commander to Belgrade, Macedonia, Prospect of South Slav federation, and correspondence with Evelyn Waugh.","The Special Refugee Commission subseries contains correspondence, telegrams, reports, including one submitted to Foreign Secretary Ernest Bevin, articles, and a draft of a speech on the refugee problems to a parliamentary committee.","Political correspondence includes papers concerning the Lancaster by-election of 1941, the general election of 1945, and correspondence with Winston Churchill, Harold Macmillan, Anthony Eden, Alec Douglas- Home, Peter Carrington, Harold Wilson, Margaret Thatcher, John Major, Robert Kennedy, John Lindsay, Henry Jackson, and Averell Harriman ; a memorandum to Field Marshal Alexander of Tunis concerning irregular warfare; and correspondence and memoranda related to a parliamentary delegation to Romania in 1973.","Material in the VIP Subseries includes: letters and notes from members of the Royal Family including Prince Charles, Princess Margaret, Elizabeth the Queen Mother; Clementine Churchill and Mary Churchill Soames; and a thank you note from Lauren Bacall.","The Yugoslavia and Tito Subseries contains significant material including memoranda of meetings with Tito in 1949,1950, 1953, 1968, 1973; informative accounts by Maclean and other British officers about the Military Mission in World War II for an official book published by Muzej AVNOJ (1970-1971); correspondence about Maclean's involvement in proposals for the publication of Tito's memoirs (1966-1977) and about the nomination of Tito for the Nobel Peace Prize (1972-1973); correspondence and papers by Maclean and others from a conference on British Policy and Resistance in the Balkans (1973); Briefing papers, correspondence and memoranda of Margaret Thatcher's visit to Yugoslavia in 1977, and correspondence and memorabilia pertaining to the Prince of Wales' visit in 1978; correspondence about Maclean's visit in 1989 and transcript of an interview with Prime Minister Ante Markovic.","For the 1990's, the time of war and the dissolution of Yugoslavia , there is correspondence with David Owen, Stevan Dedijer and others, and about the Korcula Emergency Appeal, a relief effort for a hospital on the island of Korcula, Croatia, organized by the Macleans; letters from Yugoslav friends describing the turmoil , and/or seeking assistance in finding jobs in the United Kingdom; correspondence about renewed controversy about the British Military Mission in World War II. and the Aldington-Tolstoy Libel Case concerning the repatriation of Yugoslavs in 1945. It should also be noted that in Series II, Subseries B, Literary Material pertaining to Yugoslavia, there is some correspondence filed with the manuscripts, typescripts, articles and radio and television transcripts.","The Subseries Family and Personal Papers has letters from friends and teachers, some in German, French, and Italian. In a significant group of letters to his parents (1939-1945) from London, Cairo, Belgrade, and elsewhere, Maclean discussed the international situation, his desire to leave the Foreign Office in order to join the army, life in London during the Blitz, the beginning of his political career, and his military service (some letters were extensively cut by the censors). There are also a number of letters to his parents from the years 1946-1955 from Maclean and his wife Veronica discussing family matters and living conditions in Italy and Austria while Maclean was directing the Special Refugee Commission, and about their travels in Yugoslavia, Greece and Turkey in the early 1950's.","Also present is correspondence with Frank McLynn, his biographer, 1990-1994, and two scrapbooks. The blue scrapbook (1939-1951) includes one letter of Maclean to his aunt, newspaper clippings relating to his military service in Yugoslavia, his marriage, some articles by him, a few photographs. The red scrapbook, 1943-1946 also has newspaper clippings about his military service and political career and articles by him.","The Second Series consists of literary papers. This series contains drafts, typescripts, setting copies of his books with related correspondence with publishers and others about the publication process, contracts, royalty statements, book reviews, fan mail, articles, book reviews, speeches, lectures, transcripts of radio and television programs, film proposals or treatments. Several of his books were published under different titles in the United States. It is organized into five subseries based on subject matter. These include: Eastern Approaches(American title- Escape to Adventure); Yugoslavia (the country as originally constituted and also the new states that emerged in the 1990's); Russia and the former Soviet Union and the new nations post 1990); Scotland; and Miscellaneous Literary.","The subseries about Eastern Approachescontains a typed manuscript (Setting copy) with corrections, including an unpublished introduction; some material omitted from the published version including his admiration for a Soviet army unit, comments on the Cetniks, and conversations with King George VI and Winston Churchill and King Peter of Yugoslavia; letters from Michael Adeane, Secretary to King George VI and Winston Churchill requesting that certain passages be omitted; a letter from Peter Fleming to Jonathan Cape offering his opinion of the book, a letter from Ian Fleming to Jonathan Cape and a note to Maclean.","Other material includes correspondence with Jonathan Cape and other publishers about a new edition, correspondence with Douglas Fairbanks, Eric Ambler and others concerning a possible film version, and with Ian Curteis about a proposed television adaptation.","The Yugoslavia Subseries includes books: Disputed Barricade(1957), published in America as The Heretic, which includes an interview with Tito; Yugoslavia(1969), in which Maclean wrote the text for this book of photographs; Battle of Neretva(1970); and Tito: A Pictorial Biography(1980). Also present are articles from newspapers and magazines, 1947-1995, on Yugoslav politics and society, including interviews with Tito. Particularly interesting are two unpublished articles \"Whither Yugoslavia?\" written in 1989 based on interviews with Yugoslav politicians, including Slobodan Milosevic. There are also a number of book reviews of works by Julian Amery, William Deakin, Noel Malcolm and Misha Glenny and others.","In addition, the subseries on Yugoslavia contains lectures, 1949-1995; transcripts of radio and television programs, with related correspondence; and some interviews with Tito, notably The \"Life and Times of Marshal Tito\" (December 1963); and one for a CBS news program (1969).","The Russian Material Subseries contains drafts, correspondence, and research material for his books A Person from England(1958), including several autograph letters,1827-1861, of Dr. Joseph Wolff, one of the English travelers chronicled in the book; Back to Bokhara(1959); Holy Russia(1978); drafts titled \"All the Russias\" and \"The Other Russias,\" which were the basis for To the Back of Beyond(1974), To Caucasus: End of All the Earth(1976); and Holy Russia(1978) which completed the trilogy; Portrait of the Soviet Union(1988), including material for both the book and the related TBS television series since Maclean was working on these simultaneously; and All the Russias(1992). Correspondents include Pamela Harriman, Marietta Tree and Fitzgerald Bemiss.","In addition to his books about Russia and the Soviet Union, his papers also contain articles, 1949-1995 on political, social, economic, cultural aspects of the former Soviet Union, a number on Georgia and the Caucasus, and Mikhail Gorbachev; book reviews, 1949-1994; and radio and television material, such as correspondence and transcripts for programs, including \"The End of All the Earth\" and \"Carnival in the Caucasus\"; interviews with Anna Mikhailovna Larina (Bukharin's widow) and others for the BBC \"Timewatch\" program \"Bukharin.\"","The subseries concerning his Scotland material includes books, A Concise History of Scotland(1970); Isles of the Sea(1985); Bonnie Prince Charlie(1988); and Highlanders(originally titled Clans) (1995). Material for the book and television series are combined since Maclean was working on them simultaneously. Among the articles on Scotland is a notable series \"Scottish Approaches\" which appeared in The Scotsmanin 1959.","The last subseries in Maclean's Literary Papers consists of miscellaneous literary material, including material for the book Take Nine Spies. There is also correspondence with publishers in which he discusses more than one book, and with his literary agents.","Articles are arranged chronologically, and topics range from post World War II Japan, Korea, Italy, the Middle East, and defense policy to China and Mongolia in the 1960's, an extended trip to China in 1988, and his travels in Nepal, Tibet, and Oman in the 1990's. There are also articles about his military, diplomatic, political and literary career, his travels, and personal life, and note that others are contained in two scrapbooks. The radio and television material includes his commentaries on the international scene from 1946 on.","Photographic Material comprises the third series, which contains twenty-four boxes of photographs (some in albums), contact sheets, negatives, and slides, taken by Maclean, primarily of his travels in the former Soviet Union, Europe and Asia, from 1938 through the 1990's. Especially noteworthy are those taken in Moscow, Leningrad, and Central Asia, including Afghanistan, the cities Bokhara and Samarkand, and Persia, Paris and Florence in the late 1930's, Yugoslavia during World War II, postwar Korean and China, and of Yugoslavia, Greece, Turkey and Iran in the early 1950's. Maclean visited the former Soviet Union frequently from the late 1950's through 1987 and took numerous photographs of his favorite regions, Central Asia and the Caucasus, particularly Georgia.","As for Yugoslavia, there is an album dated 1953 labeled Namanevru Jugoslovenska Narodne, Armije (Yugoslav People's Army) with photographs of Tito, Maclean, and soldiers; and photographs from the early 1960's through 1980 including a number of photographs of Tito. Individuals subjects include Winston Churchill and Margaret Thatcher. There are also many family photographs taken at Maclean's homes Beechfield and Strachur, and of friends. The photographs used in Eastern Approaches, Disputed Barricade, A Person from England, and Bonnie Prince Charlieare also in this section.\n \n The fourth series consists of two small additions to the papers and include some correpondence files, such as congratulatory letters about his appointment as Under Secretary for War in 1954 and his Baronetcy in 1957, his letters published in the press, and the Great Britain-USSR Association; files on his participation in various conferences concerning Yugoslavia and War War II; election campaign materials of Maclean; Notebooks, including \"Russian Notebook\" (May 15-June 17, 1958); \"Mission\" describing his recall from the Middle East in 1943 to go to Yugoslavia as Winston Churchill's personal representative to support the resistance forces that were most effective against the Germans, moving British support from the Chetniks to the Communist-led partisans and Tito, (circa 1943-1944); and a trip to the country of Georgia (no year, May-June); news articles; speeches by Maclean, including printed speeches published in \"Parliamentary Debates\"; passports; pocket and desk diaries; first drafts of \"Eastern Approaches\"; a file on guerilla warfare; a copy of a 1938 Report on Central Asia by Maclean; and Veronica Maclean's description about her first meeting with Josip Broz Tito in 1947."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"persname_ssim":["Maclean, Fitzroy, 1911-1996"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Maclean, Fitzroy, 1911-1996"],"language_ssim":["Materials are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules"],"total_component_count_is":763,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:54:18.647Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_838_c02_c03_c118"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria Library","value":"Alexandria Library","hits":25},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1957\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Item\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"College of William and Mary","value":"College of William and Mary","hits":630},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1957\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Item\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=College+of+William+and+Mary"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Fairfax County Public Library","value":"Fairfax County Public Library","hits":32},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1957\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Item\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Fairfax+County+Public+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"George Mason University","value":"George Mason University","hits":4},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1957\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Item\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Hampden-Sydney College","value":"Hampden-Sydney College","hits":34},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1957\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Item\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Hampden-Sydney+College"}},{"attributes":{"label":"James Madison University","value":"James Madison University","hits":53},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1957\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Item\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Longwood University","value":"Longwood University","hits":80},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1957\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Item\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Longwood+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Old Dominion University","value":"Old Dominion University","hits":73},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1957\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Item\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Old+Dominion+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Randolph-Macon College","value":"Randolph-Macon College","hits":4},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1957\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Item\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Randolph-Macon+College"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Shenandoah County Library","value":"Shenandoah County Library","hits":8},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1957\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Item\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon","value":"The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon","hits":115},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1957\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Item\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=The+George+Washington+Presidential+Library+at+Mount+Vernon"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1957\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Item"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"8th Evacuation Hospital collection, 1941/2011","value":"8th Evacuation Hospital collection, 1941/2011","hits":5},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=8th+Evacuation+Hospital+collection%2C+1941%2F2011\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1957\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Item"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A. 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