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These are not the official records of the Virginia Department of Health Professions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The collection was donated due to the historical importance of the records. These are not the official records of the Virginia Department of Health Professions."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVirginia Department of Health Professions Historical Collection, Accession #2005/May/12, Special Collections and Archives, Health Sciences Collection, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Virginia Department of Health Professions Historical Collection, Accession #2005/May/12, Special Collections and Archives, Health Sciences Collection, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Board of Pharmacy records consist of historical applications, as well as photographs of confiscated drugs. 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Calling politics and art her \"creative spirits\", Clark was involved in a number of reform initiatives throughout her century of life that championed the rights of women and promoted the arts.","The second oldest daughter of Robert Clark (1832?-1906) and Estelle Goodman Clark (1847-1937), Adèle was born in Montgomery, Alabama on September 27, 1882. Before moving permanently to Richmond, the Clark family lived in New Orleans, LA, as well as the small town of Pass Christian, MS. It was in a one room school house in the latter town that Adèle developed a fondness for the arts. After her family moved to Richmond in 1894, Adèle enrolled in the Virginia Randolph Ellett School (now St. Catherine's). Adèle also studied art with Lilly M. Logan, who ran the art school at the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906 she was awarded a scholarship to the New York School of Fine and Applied Arts (the Chase School of Art), where she studied under Kenneth Hays Miller, Douglas Cannal, William M. Chase, and Robert Henri, leader of the \"Ash Can\" school of painting. Upon her return to Richmond, Clark began a teaching career at the Art Club of Richmond. It was here that Adèle began her long association and friendship with acclaimed Virginia artist, Nora Houston. When the Art Club of Richmond was dissolved in 1917, the women went on to establish The Atelier. Under their direction this private art studio, located adjacent to Clark's Chamberlayne Avenue residence, became a training ground for such noted Virginia artists as Edmund Archer, Eleanor Fry and Theresa Pollack (founder of the VCU School of the Arts). Two years later they founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, where they both held the title of artistic director. During this period, they participated in a fundraising campaign for the resurrection of the old Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. Their goal became a reality in 1930 when the new Richmond Academy of Arts, forerunner to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, was established on Capitol Street.*","Clark's interest in the suffrage movement began in 1909 when she was asked by novelist Ellen Glasgow to sign a petition calling for Virginia women to gain voting privileges. On November 27th of that year Clark, along with eighteen other civic-minded women, held a preliminary meeting to discuss the establishment of a state-wide suffrage organization. At this first meeting of what would become the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, Clark was elected secretary, a position she held for one year. She later helped direct legislative initiatives, organized suffrage rallies and went on speaking tours that helped establish new League chapters throughout the state. Clark also served for several years as chair of the ratification committee and head of the Equal Suffrage League lobby to the Virginia General Assembly.","After passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 (which was ratified by Virginia in 1952), the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia was transformed into the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV). For nearly two decades Clark played a major role in the VLWV.","Selected as the VLWV's first chair in 1920, Clark became president one year later. She held this position for eighteen years (nonconsecutively). Her work in the VLWV involved constant study of legislation involving social issues and governmental efficiency and administration. In 1924, Clark was elected to the board of the National League of Women Voters (NLWV) as Director of the Third Region. The region included Washington, D.C., Virginia, and six other southern states. The following year she was elected Second Vice President of the NLWV, in which capacity she served until the Spring of 1928. During that period Clark traveled to conventions in twenty-four states on speaking tours. Along with other officers of the NLWV she helped resolve league organizational problems.","In addition to her work for the VLWV and NLWV, Clark also served on two important state government commissions. In 1922, Governor E. Lee Trinkle appointed her to the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government, on which she served for two years as secretary of the Commission. In addition to performing the editorial and clerical work of the Commission, Clark also authored several of the chapters of the Commission's final report (January 1924) to the Virginia General Assembly. Four years later, Governor Harry F. Byrd, Jr. appointed Clark to the Liberal Arts College for Women Commission, on which she also served as secretary. The nine member Commission studied the feasibility of establishing a new liberal arts college for women in Virginia. The second report of the Commission (January 1930), which contained the \"set-up\" of the proposed college [now Mary Washington College?], was the product of research conducted by Clark with the assistance of Commission advisors.","Clark's strong commitment to higher education was exemplified in several other ways. From March - September, 1926, she served as the Social Director of women students at the College of William and Mary. She was also instrumental in the establishment of citizenship courses for women through the University of Virginia's Extension Division. The courses were designed to educate women about the intricacies of governmental institutions.","During the New Deal era, Clark distinguished herself in two important agencies. In 1933, she was selected as a field supervisor for the National Reemployment Service (NRS). Along with the state reemployment director and other field staff, she assisted in the organization of local reemployment offices throughout Virginia. After stepping down as field supervisor for the NRS, Clark became the Virginia Arts Project Director of the Work Projects Administration (WPA). This particular branch of the WPA was created to provide employment opportunities for artists in Virginia. In addition to producing murals for public buildings, artists employed by the WPA executed hundreds of paintings that were then distributed to local and state tax-supported institutions for display. One major accomplishment during Clark's tenure at the WPA was the establishment of new art galleries, such as the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap.","In the later years of her life, Adèle Clark remained active in the Richmond community. After converting to Roman Catholicism in 1942, Clark utilized her political experience as a member of the Richmond Diocesan Council of Catholic Women (RDCCW). From 1949 to 1959 she served as the chair of the RDCCW's Legislative Committee. Clark also continued to speak out against a number of issues affecting women, such as the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment and abortion.","Clark remained an active supporter of the Richmond art community. From 1941 to 1964 she was a member of the Virginia Arts Commission. The Commission helped to produce many of the murals and portraits displayed in state government buildings that depict the history of Virginia. Moreover, Clark's dedication to the teaching of art did not wane in these later years. She taught art to both the young and old in hospitals, schools and church classrooms. She also continued to enjoy creating her own artworks. Clark's paintings, mostly portraits and landscapes, have been exhibited in several states. One of her paintings, \"The Cherry Tree\", is in the permanent collection of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.","Clark had a unique perspective on the influence of art on her political ideology. She once stated, \"I've always tried to combine my interest in art with my interest in government. I think we ought to have more of the creative and imaginative in politics.\"","Adèle Clark died at the age of 100 on June 5, 1983.","[Information from newspaper accounts and the Adèle Goodman Clark Papers.]","The Adèle Goodman Clark papers document the life and activities of Miss Clark (1882-1983) throughout her adult life, as well as those of her closest friends and relatives. Miss Clark was a member of a small group of civically active Richmond women whose names appear throughout the collection. Of particular note are members of Clark's family, Edith Clark Cowles, Willoughby Ions, and friends Roberta Wellford, Lila Meade Valentine, Lucy Randolph Mason, Ida Mae Thompson, Eudora W. Ramsay Richardson, Nora Houston and Josephine Houston. A list and chart describing the family relationships follows the Series Description and Arrangement, which specifically details the arrangement of the collection and highlights areas of particular significance within each series.","The collection is comprised of five major components, each with its own depth of coverage, usually dependent upon the length of Clark's involvement. The first major component of the collection contains materials pertaining to the Clark and Houston families with their multiple activities, responsibilities and affiliations. The documents in this section include the personal correspondence of Adèle Clark, Nora Houston, and members of both the Clark and Houston families. Correspondence from Estelle Goodman Clark, Cely \"Nainaine\" Ions, and Estelle Adèle Goodman","Willoughby Ions provide a richly detailed account of the more significant events within the Clark-Ions family. Also included is personal, business, and legal correspondence between members of the Goodman family, predating the Civil War, and personal correspondence to Clark and Nora Houston from close friends and associates such as Cornelia Adair, T. Bowyer Campbell, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon and Roberta Wellford. Additional family information is provided by legal and real estate correspondence, biographical sketches, family and genealogical histories, composition books, diaries, journals, and poetry by various members of the Clark and Houston families. Some items of significance include handwritten memoranda and notes, poems, short stories and other fictional material written by Adèle Clark during her lifetime. The Virginia Historical Society holds additional Clark family materials (see Appendices).","The collection also includes correspondence from businesses and civic organizations with which Clark, Edith Clark Cowles, and the Dooley/Houston family were affiliated during their lifetimes. A list of the more significant organizations includes the Virginia Society for Crippled Children and Handicapped Adults, Commission of Inter-Racial (or Interracial) Cooperation, Woodrow Wilson Foundation, National Consumers League, and Social Science Research Council-Committee on Public Administration. There is also correspondence from prominent local and state government officials that further document the political activities and biases of these women. Brochures, memoranda and publications from these organizations are scattered throughout the collection.","While the family correspondence provides information about Clark's early years, the greatest significance of the collection lies in its documentation of the activities of the suffrage movement, both locally and nationally. The collection is particularly strong in its representation of correspondence, reports, memoranda and publications reflecting the sentiments and political positions of both the pro- and anti- suffrage movement from 1913 until the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. A large portion of this segment also documents the actions of the post-suffragists in their work through the national, state and local chapters of the League of Women Voters (LWV). Clark's considerable role of participation in the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) in the first two decades of the organization provides an abundant amount of material chronicling the many social and political issues in which local and national LWV members were engaged. Although the documentation of the activities of the LWV continues well into the 1970s, the collection is not as strong for the later years as it is for the earlier period.","The suffrage materials, the second and largest component in the collection, are composed of documentation of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV), Richmond League of Women Voters, the VLWV, and the reorganized League of Women Voters of Virginia (LWVV). The ESLV materials includes correspondence, committee and financial memoranda, convention material, notes, reports and miscellaneous literature. There is a large quantity of outgoing correspondence created by the corresponding secretaries of the ESLV which pertains to the efforts of organizing local suffrage chapters throughout the state and between officers of the ESLV, state and national government officials. Also included is correspondence between ESLV President, Lila Meade Valentine, and women of significance within the suffrage movement including Carrie Chapman Catt, Anna Howard Shaw, Maud Wood Park and Kate Gordon. While there is a substantial amount of correspondence generated by the central office of the ESLV, between 1909-1912 there are some major gaps. A portion of this documentation for the early history of the ESLV can be found at the Library of Virginia (see Appendices). Throughout its eleven year existence, the ESLV compiled an enormous amount of literature on the suffrage movement published by the National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA), and other organizations. Materials generated by the movement and represented in this portion of the collection include petitions, photographs, enrollment cards, posters, suffrage maps, sashes and other ephemeral items. Additional publications have not been indexed but are available for research.","The bulk of the materials of the remaining suffrage organizations represented in the collection fall within a fourteen year time frame, 1920-1934, and includes President/Executive Secretary correspondence, bulletins, circulars, committee memoranda, and financial statements as well as records relating to the Virginia Cookery Book, the Governor's Ball and the citizenship courses sponsored by the VLWV. Clark also corresponded with the President of the NLWV and other officers in the national organization. The significant correspondents include Maud Wood Park, Belle Sherwin, Katherine Ludington, and Gertrude Ely. Incoming correspondence from prominent Virginia women such as Faith Morgan, Roberta Wellford, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon, Kate Waller Barrett, Mrs. John L. Lewis of Lynchburg, Mrs. John H. Lewis of Ashland, and Mrs C.E. [Jessie] Townsend of Norfolk can be found in both the President/Executive Correspondence files and the Board of Directors/Executive Committee/Standing Committees file of the VLWV.","The records of the VLWV document in great detail the legislative agenda over a fourteen year period. The VLWV materials contain correspondence, circulars, memoranda questionnaires and reports pertaining to the Children's Code Commission, Virginia Women's Council Legislative Chairman of State Organizations and other major committees of the VLWV; revealing which major pieces of legislation were of utmost concern to Clark and the VLWV. Like its predecessor, the VLWV collected a wide variety of literature from state, national and international organizations which championed a spectrum of causes of interest to Clark and her associates. These organizations include the League of Nations Association, National Council for the Prevention of War, National Women's Trade Union League of America, and Southern Council of Women and Children in Industry.","Documentation of the NLWV (1920-1945) and the later reorganized League of Woman Voters of Virginia (1946-presents) includes correspondence and memoranda produced by Clark as Second Vice President in charge of Legislation and Law Enforcement and Third Regional Director for the NLWV. In addition to correspondence, memoranda, minutes, notes and reports there are materials detailing her involvement in nationally sponsored speaking tours throughout several regions of the United States. Items from the national office consist of mimeographed Adèle Goodman Clark correspondence and memoranda, reports, press releases and various publications created by the major standing committees and departments of the NLWV. Clark's activity in both the state and national leagues diminished to a great extent after 1934. Records of the latter local, state and national organizations primarily consists of bulletins, newsletters, and other literature published and distributed by the organizations.","Clark was very involved in the commemoration of the contributions of Lila Meade Valentine to the suffrage movement. The collection contains the organizational records of the Lila Meade Valentine Memorial Association (1921-1937), which was established to raise money for a memorial tablet dedicated to Mrs. Valentine to be placed in the Capitol Building in Richmond. Much of the material consists of correspondence and memoranda between the association's chairperson, Adèle Clark and the individuals who contributed to the memorial fund. There is also correspondence between Clark and the sculptor chosen to produce the memorial tablet. Other material includes financial data, contributors lists, minutes, notes and reports documenting the association's fundraising activities.","The collection of materials related to state and national politics comprises the third major section of the Clark Papers. These materials include correspondence, memoranda, minutes, reports, statistical data, and literature generated by or related to the work of the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government (1921-1927) and the Liberal Arts College Commission (1918, 1929-1933). Material pertaining to both of these government commissions highlight the research and information gathering work undertaken by Clark and the members of these commissions before presentation of the final reports to the Virginia General Assembly. The collection also contains the annotated drafts and proofs of the reports in various stages of development. Correspondence, notes, reports and travel vouchers highlight Clark's duties as a NRS Field Supervisor and her involvement with the National Reemployment Service (1925-1937). Correspondence between Clark and the State Reemployment Director reveal the types of reemployment projects in which the NRS was actively engaged throughout the state. In addition, correspondence between Clark and other field staff demonstrate the extent to which Clark participated in managing local reemployment offices during her tenure with the NRS. Published reports, speeches, manuals, newspaper clippings and other ephemeral materials are also included.","The fourth area of interest of Adèle's, as reflected in the collection, was religion. Included here are the organizational records and personal items documenting the religious activities of Clark, Nora Houston, and several members of the Houston family. It should be noted that Clark was baptized and confirmed in the Episcopal Church and later became a devout Roman Catholic after Nora Houston's death in 1942. Included is correspondence between both women and various religious organizations, church leaflets, pamphlets and prayerbooks, periodicals and other items of a religious nature. Some of the organizations with which Clark and Houston corresponded include the Catholic Woman's Club, National Council of Catholic Women, National Conference on Christians and Jews, and Catholic Daughters of America. Beth Ahabah Museum and Archives holds other materials of a religious nature relating to the Goodman family.","The final component of the collection, second in size only to that of the suffrage and voting rights material, is that of art, particularly art in Virginia. An artist by training, Adèle Clark worked ceaselessly for increased public awareness of the traditions and richness of art within the Commonwealth. To this end, the collection documents the contributions of Clark and her colleagues in the following endeavors: the Art Club of Richmond, Atelier, Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, Richmond Academy of Arts, Virginia Arts Commission, and Works Project Administration-Federal Arts Project. In addition to containing the correspondence relating to the operations of these organizations, the records also contain memoranda, minutes and reports of committees, and materials on exhibitions sponsored by these organizations. Of particular significance are the records of the Academy Committee of the Art Club that document the committee's role in attempting to resurrect the arts academy. Materials relating to the WPA and the Virginia Arts Commission emphasize Clark's substantial role in making the public a more active player in the promotion of the arts. Clark's monthly and narrative reports on several WPA art galleries, as well as data on the Index of American Design, provide a detailed account of the variety of art projects the WPA underwrote in Virginia.","The collection also contains a range of art and art school publications, art supply advertisements, catalogs, exhibition bulletins and notices from local and national art institutions. A small number of drawings, sketches and miscellaneous artwork created by Adèle Clark, Nora Houston and other artists are also represented. Some of the more notable pieces include Clark's original lithograph \"Richmond Market at Christmas\", copies of Nora Houston's house sketches and artwork produced by children of various ages. Lastly there are numerous kinds of illustrations and reproductions that Clark and Houston utilized in their art classes.","Significant portions of the collection are in fragile condition, particularly newspaper clippings and photographs. Reference copies of the photographs are available for use. A large portion of the clippings have been photocopied and the process will continue as time and staff permit.","Special Collections has also purchased suffrage and related materials. Please ask a staffmember for information about these supporting items.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers, 1849/1978"],"collection_ssim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers, 1849/1978"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 9","/repositories/5/resources/279"],"unitid_tesim":["M 9","/repositories/5/resources/279"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"creator_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives"],"creators_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women -- Suffrage -- Virginia -- Richmond","Art -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women -- Suffrage -- Virginia -- Richmond","Art -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["128 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["128 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Restrictions on Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I--Correspondence and Family Materials (n.d., 1849-1971) ; Series II--Business/Civic Organization Correspondence (n.d., 1903-1971) ; Series III--Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV) (n.d., 1892-1926) ; Series IV: Richmond League of Women Voters (n.d., 1920- 1978) ; Series V--Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) (n.d., 1915-1967) ; Series VI--The League of Women Voters of Virginia (n.d., 1945-1970) ; Series VII--The National League of Women Voters (n.d., 1919-1947) ; Series VIII--League of Women Voters (n.d., 1946-1976) ; Series IX--Commission on Simplification of State and Local Government (n.d., 1921- 1927) ; Series X--Liberal Arts College for Women Commission (n.d., 1918-1938) ; Series XI--National Reemployment Service (n.d., 1925-1938) ; Series XII--Lila Meade Valentine memorial Association (n.d., 1921-1936) ; Series XIII--Religious Materials ; Series XIV--Art (n.d., 1850-1971) ; Series XV--Ephemera and Photographs (n.d., ca. 1850 - ca. 1970)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series I--Correspondence and Family Materials (n.d., 1849-1971) ; Series II--Business/Civic Organization Correspondence (n.d., 1903-1971) ; Series III--Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV) (n.d., 1892-1926) ; Series IV: Richmond League of Women Voters (n.d., 1920- 1978) ; Series V--Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) (n.d., 1915-1967) ; Series VI--The League of Women Voters of Virginia (n.d., 1945-1970) ; Series VII--The National League of Women Voters (n.d., 1919-1947) ; Series VIII--League of Women Voters (n.d., 1946-1976) ; Series IX--Commission on Simplification of State and Local Government (n.d., 1921- 1927) ; Series X--Liberal Arts College for Women Commission (n.d., 1918-1938) ; Series XI--National Reemployment Service (n.d., 1925-1938) ; Series XII--Lila Meade Valentine memorial Association (n.d., 1921-1936) ; Series XIII--Religious Materials ; Series XIV--Art (n.d., 1850-1971) ; Series XV--Ephemera and Photographs (n.d., ca. 1850 - ca. 1970)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA founding member of the Virginia suffrage movement and a prominent supporter of the arts in Virginia, Adèle Goodman Clark (1882-1983) exemplified the influential role civically active women played in the major social reform movements of the twentieth century. Calling politics and art her \"creative spirits\", Clark was involved in a number of reform initiatives throughout her century of life that championed the rights of women and promoted the arts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe second oldest daughter of Robert Clark (1832?-1906) and Estelle Goodman Clark (1847-1937), Adèle was born in Montgomery, Alabama on September 27, 1882. Before moving permanently to Richmond, the Clark family lived in New Orleans, LA, as well as the small town of Pass Christian, MS. It was in a one room school house in the latter town that Adèle developed a fondness for the arts. After her family moved to Richmond in 1894, Adèle enrolled in the Virginia Randolph Ellett School (now St. Catherine's). Adèle also studied art with Lilly M. Logan, who ran the art school at the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906 she was awarded a scholarship to the New York School of Fine and Applied Arts (the Chase School of Art), where she studied under Kenneth Hays Miller, Douglas Cannal, William M. Chase, and Robert Henri, leader of the \"Ash Can\" school of painting. Upon her return to Richmond, Clark began a teaching career at the Art Club of Richmond. It was here that Adèle began her long association and friendship with acclaimed Virginia artist, Nora Houston. When the Art Club of Richmond was dissolved in 1917, the women went on to establish The Atelier. Under their direction this private art studio, located adjacent to Clark's Chamberlayne Avenue residence, became a training ground for such noted Virginia artists as Edmund Archer, Eleanor Fry and Theresa Pollack (founder of the VCU School of the Arts). Two years later they founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, where they both held the title of artistic director. During this period, they participated in a fundraising campaign for the resurrection of the old Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. Their goal became a reality in 1930 when the new Richmond Academy of Arts, forerunner to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, was established on Capitol Street.*\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClark's interest in the suffrage movement began in 1909 when she was asked by novelist Ellen Glasgow to sign a petition calling for Virginia women to gain voting privileges. On November 27th of that year Clark, along with eighteen other civic-minded women, held a preliminary meeting to discuss the establishment of a state-wide suffrage organization. At this first meeting of what would become the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, Clark was elected secretary, a position she held for one year. She later helped direct legislative initiatives, organized suffrage rallies and went on speaking tours that helped establish new League chapters throughout the state. Clark also served for several years as chair of the ratification committee and head of the Equal Suffrage League lobby to the Virginia General Assembly.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 (which was ratified by Virginia in 1952), the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia was transformed into the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV). For nearly two decades Clark played a major role in the VLWV.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSelected as the VLWV's first chair in 1920, Clark became president one year later. She held this position for eighteen years (nonconsecutively). Her work in the VLWV involved constant study of legislation involving social issues and governmental efficiency and administration. In 1924, Clark was elected to the board of the National League of Women Voters (NLWV) as Director of the Third Region. The region included Washington, D.C., Virginia, and six other southern states. The following year she was elected Second Vice President of the NLWV, in which capacity she served until the Spring of 1928. During that period Clark traveled to conventions in twenty-four states on speaking tours. Along with other officers of the NLWV she helped resolve league organizational problems.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to her work for the VLWV and NLWV, Clark also served on two important state government commissions. In 1922, Governor E. Lee Trinkle appointed her to the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government, on which she served for two years as secretary of the Commission. In addition to performing the editorial and clerical work of the Commission, Clark also authored several of the chapters of the Commission's final report (January 1924) to the Virginia General Assembly. Four years later, Governor Harry F. Byrd, Jr. appointed Clark to the Liberal Arts College for Women Commission, on which she also served as secretary. The nine member Commission studied the feasibility of establishing a new liberal arts college for women in Virginia. The second report of the Commission (January 1930), which contained the \"set-up\" of the proposed college [now Mary Washington College?], was the product of research conducted by Clark with the assistance of Commission advisors.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClark's strong commitment to higher education was exemplified in several other ways. From March - September, 1926, she served as the Social Director of women students at the College of William and Mary. She was also instrumental in the establishment of citizenship courses for women through the University of Virginia's Extension Division. The courses were designed to educate women about the intricacies of governmental institutions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the New Deal era, Clark distinguished herself in two important agencies. In 1933, she was selected as a field supervisor for the National Reemployment Service (NRS). Along with the state reemployment director and other field staff, she assisted in the organization of local reemployment offices throughout Virginia. After stepping down as field supervisor for the NRS, Clark became the Virginia Arts Project Director of the Work Projects Administration (WPA). This particular branch of the WPA was created to provide employment opportunities for artists in Virginia. In addition to producing murals for public buildings, artists employed by the WPA executed hundreds of paintings that were then distributed to local and state tax-supported institutions for display. One major accomplishment during Clark's tenure at the WPA was the establishment of new art galleries, such as the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the later years of her life, Adèle Clark remained active in the Richmond community. After converting to Roman Catholicism in 1942, Clark utilized her political experience as a member of the Richmond Diocesan Council of Catholic Women (RDCCW). From 1949 to 1959 she served as the chair of the RDCCW's Legislative Committee. Clark also continued to speak out against a number of issues affecting women, such as the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment and abortion.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClark remained an active supporter of the Richmond art community. From 1941 to 1964 she was a member of the Virginia Arts Commission. The Commission helped to produce many of the murals and portraits displayed in state government buildings that depict the history of Virginia. Moreover, Clark's dedication to the teaching of art did not wane in these later years. She taught art to both the young and old in hospitals, schools and church classrooms. She also continued to enjoy creating her own artworks. Clark's paintings, mostly portraits and landscapes, have been exhibited in several states. One of her paintings, \"The Cherry Tree\", is in the permanent collection of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClark had a unique perspective on the influence of art on her political ideology. She once stated, \"I've always tried to combine my interest in art with my interest in government. I think we ought to have more of the creative and imaginative in politics.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdèle Clark died at the age of 100 on June 5, 1983.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Information from newspaper accounts and the Adèle Goodman Clark Papers.]\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["A founding member of the Virginia suffrage movement and a prominent supporter of the arts in Virginia, Adèle Goodman Clark (1882-1983) exemplified the influential role civically active women played in the major social reform movements of the twentieth century. Calling politics and art her \"creative spirits\", Clark was involved in a number of reform initiatives throughout her century of life that championed the rights of women and promoted the arts.","The second oldest daughter of Robert Clark (1832?-1906) and Estelle Goodman Clark (1847-1937), Adèle was born in Montgomery, Alabama on September 27, 1882. Before moving permanently to Richmond, the Clark family lived in New Orleans, LA, as well as the small town of Pass Christian, MS. It was in a one room school house in the latter town that Adèle developed a fondness for the arts. After her family moved to Richmond in 1894, Adèle enrolled in the Virginia Randolph Ellett School (now St. Catherine's). Adèle also studied art with Lilly M. Logan, who ran the art school at the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906 she was awarded a scholarship to the New York School of Fine and Applied Arts (the Chase School of Art), where she studied under Kenneth Hays Miller, Douglas Cannal, William M. Chase, and Robert Henri, leader of the \"Ash Can\" school of painting. Upon her return to Richmond, Clark began a teaching career at the Art Club of Richmond. It was here that Adèle began her long association and friendship with acclaimed Virginia artist, Nora Houston. When the Art Club of Richmond was dissolved in 1917, the women went on to establish The Atelier. Under their direction this private art studio, located adjacent to Clark's Chamberlayne Avenue residence, became a training ground for such noted Virginia artists as Edmund Archer, Eleanor Fry and Theresa Pollack (founder of the VCU School of the Arts). Two years later they founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, where they both held the title of artistic director. During this period, they participated in a fundraising campaign for the resurrection of the old Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. Their goal became a reality in 1930 when the new Richmond Academy of Arts, forerunner to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, was established on Capitol Street.*","Clark's interest in the suffrage movement began in 1909 when she was asked by novelist Ellen Glasgow to sign a petition calling for Virginia women to gain voting privileges. On November 27th of that year Clark, along with eighteen other civic-minded women, held a preliminary meeting to discuss the establishment of a state-wide suffrage organization. At this first meeting of what would become the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, Clark was elected secretary, a position she held for one year. She later helped direct legislative initiatives, organized suffrage rallies and went on speaking tours that helped establish new League chapters throughout the state. Clark also served for several years as chair of the ratification committee and head of the Equal Suffrage League lobby to the Virginia General Assembly.","After passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 (which was ratified by Virginia in 1952), the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia was transformed into the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV). For nearly two decades Clark played a major role in the VLWV.","Selected as the VLWV's first chair in 1920, Clark became president one year later. She held this position for eighteen years (nonconsecutively). Her work in the VLWV involved constant study of legislation involving social issues and governmental efficiency and administration. In 1924, Clark was elected to the board of the National League of Women Voters (NLWV) as Director of the Third Region. The region included Washington, D.C., Virginia, and six other southern states. The following year she was elected Second Vice President of the NLWV, in which capacity she served until the Spring of 1928. During that period Clark traveled to conventions in twenty-four states on speaking tours. Along with other officers of the NLWV she helped resolve league organizational problems.","In addition to her work for the VLWV and NLWV, Clark also served on two important state government commissions. In 1922, Governor E. Lee Trinkle appointed her to the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government, on which she served for two years as secretary of the Commission. In addition to performing the editorial and clerical work of the Commission, Clark also authored several of the chapters of the Commission's final report (January 1924) to the Virginia General Assembly. Four years later, Governor Harry F. Byrd, Jr. appointed Clark to the Liberal Arts College for Women Commission, on which she also served as secretary. The nine member Commission studied the feasibility of establishing a new liberal arts college for women in Virginia. The second report of the Commission (January 1930), which contained the \"set-up\" of the proposed college [now Mary Washington College?], was the product of research conducted by Clark with the assistance of Commission advisors.","Clark's strong commitment to higher education was exemplified in several other ways. From March - September, 1926, she served as the Social Director of women students at the College of William and Mary. She was also instrumental in the establishment of citizenship courses for women through the University of Virginia's Extension Division. The courses were designed to educate women about the intricacies of governmental institutions.","During the New Deal era, Clark distinguished herself in two important agencies. In 1933, she was selected as a field supervisor for the National Reemployment Service (NRS). Along with the state reemployment director and other field staff, she assisted in the organization of local reemployment offices throughout Virginia. After stepping down as field supervisor for the NRS, Clark became the Virginia Arts Project Director of the Work Projects Administration (WPA). This particular branch of the WPA was created to provide employment opportunities for artists in Virginia. In addition to producing murals for public buildings, artists employed by the WPA executed hundreds of paintings that were then distributed to local and state tax-supported institutions for display. One major accomplishment during Clark's tenure at the WPA was the establishment of new art galleries, such as the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap.","In the later years of her life, Adèle Clark remained active in the Richmond community. After converting to Roman Catholicism in 1942, Clark utilized her political experience as a member of the Richmond Diocesan Council of Catholic Women (RDCCW). From 1949 to 1959 she served as the chair of the RDCCW's Legislative Committee. Clark also continued to speak out against a number of issues affecting women, such as the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment and abortion.","Clark remained an active supporter of the Richmond art community. From 1941 to 1964 she was a member of the Virginia Arts Commission. The Commission helped to produce many of the murals and portraits displayed in state government buildings that depict the history of Virginia. Moreover, Clark's dedication to the teaching of art did not wane in these later years. She taught art to both the young and old in hospitals, schools and church classrooms. She also continued to enjoy creating her own artworks. Clark's paintings, mostly portraits and landscapes, have been exhibited in several states. One of her paintings, \"The Cherry Tree\", is in the permanent collection of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.","Clark had a unique perspective on the influence of art on her political ideology. She once stated, \"I've always tried to combine my interest in art with my interest in government. I think we ought to have more of the creative and imaginative in politics.\"","Adèle Clark died at the age of 100 on June 5, 1983.","[Information from newspaper accounts and the Adèle Goodman Clark Papers.]"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdele Goodman Clark papers, Collection # M 9, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers, Collection # M 9, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Adèle Goodman Clark papers document the life and activities of Miss Clark (1882-1983) throughout her adult life, as well as those of her closest friends and relatives. Miss Clark was a member of a small group of civically active Richmond women whose names appear throughout the collection. Of particular note are members of Clark's family, Edith Clark Cowles, Willoughby Ions, and friends Roberta Wellford, Lila Meade Valentine, Lucy Randolph Mason, Ida Mae Thompson, Eudora W. Ramsay Richardson, Nora Houston and Josephine Houston. A list and chart describing the family relationships follows the Series Description and Arrangement, which specifically details the arrangement of the collection and highlights areas of particular significance within each series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection is comprised of five major components, each with its own depth of coverage, usually dependent upon the length of Clark's involvement. The first major component of the collection contains materials pertaining to the Clark and Houston families with their multiple activities, responsibilities and affiliations. The documents in this section include the personal correspondence of Adèle Clark, Nora Houston, and members of both the Clark and Houston families. Correspondence from Estelle Goodman Clark, Cely \"Nainaine\" Ions, and Estelle Adèle Goodman\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilloughby Ions provide a richly detailed account of the more significant events within the Clark-Ions family. Also included is personal, business, and legal correspondence between members of the Goodman family, predating the Civil War, and personal correspondence to Clark and Nora Houston from close friends and associates such as Cornelia Adair, T. Bowyer Campbell, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon and Roberta Wellford. Additional family information is provided by legal and real estate correspondence, biographical sketches, family and genealogical histories, composition books, diaries, journals, and poetry by various members of the Clark and Houston families. Some items of significance include handwritten memoranda and notes, poems, short stories and other fictional material written by Adèle Clark during her lifetime. The Virginia Historical Society holds additional Clark family materials (see Appendices).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also includes correspondence from businesses and civic organizations with which Clark, Edith Clark Cowles, and the Dooley/Houston family were affiliated during their lifetimes. A list of the more significant organizations includes the Virginia Society for Crippled Children and Handicapped Adults, Commission of Inter-Racial (or Interracial) Cooperation, Woodrow Wilson Foundation, National Consumers League, and Social Science Research Council-Committee on Public Administration. There is also correspondence from prominent local and state government officials that further document the political activities and biases of these women. Brochures, memoranda and publications from these organizations are scattered throughout the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhile the family correspondence provides information about Clark's early years, the greatest significance of the collection lies in its documentation of the activities of the suffrage movement, both locally and nationally. The collection is particularly strong in its representation of correspondence, reports, memoranda and publications reflecting the sentiments and political positions of both the pro- and anti- suffrage movement from 1913 until the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. A large portion of this segment also documents the actions of the post-suffragists in their work through the national, state and local chapters of the League of Women Voters (LWV). Clark's considerable role of participation in the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) in the first two decades of the organization provides an abundant amount of material chronicling the many social and political issues in which local and national LWV members were engaged. Although the documentation of the activities of the LWV continues well into the 1970s, the collection is not as strong for the later years as it is for the earlier period.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe suffrage materials, the second and largest component in the collection, are composed of documentation of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV), Richmond League of Women Voters, the VLWV, and the reorganized League of Women Voters of Virginia (LWVV). The ESLV materials includes correspondence, committee and financial memoranda, convention material, notes, reports and miscellaneous literature. There is a large quantity of outgoing correspondence created by the corresponding secretaries of the ESLV which pertains to the efforts of organizing local suffrage chapters throughout the state and between officers of the ESLV, state and national government officials. Also included is correspondence between ESLV President, Lila Meade Valentine, and women of significance within the suffrage movement including Carrie Chapman Catt, Anna Howard Shaw, Maud Wood Park and Kate Gordon. While there is a substantial amount of correspondence generated by the central office of the ESLV, between 1909-1912 there are some major gaps. A portion of this documentation for the early history of the ESLV can be found at the Library of Virginia (see Appendices). Throughout its eleven year existence, the ESLV compiled an enormous amount of literature on the suffrage movement published by the National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA), and other organizations. Materials generated by the movement and represented in this portion of the collection include petitions, photographs, enrollment cards, posters, suffrage maps, sashes and other ephemeral items. Additional publications have not been indexed but are available for research.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the materials of the remaining suffrage organizations represented in the collection fall within a fourteen year time frame, 1920-1934, and includes President/Executive Secretary correspondence, bulletins, circulars, committee memoranda, and financial statements as well as records relating to the Virginia Cookery Book, the Governor's Ball and the citizenship courses sponsored by the VLWV. Clark also corresponded with the President of the NLWV and other officers in the national organization. The significant correspondents include Maud Wood Park, Belle Sherwin, Katherine Ludington, and Gertrude Ely. Incoming correspondence from prominent Virginia women such as Faith Morgan, Roberta Wellford, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon, Kate Waller Barrett, Mrs. John L. Lewis of Lynchburg, Mrs. John H. Lewis of Ashland, and Mrs C.E. [Jessie] Townsend of Norfolk can be found in both the President/Executive Correspondence files and the Board of Directors/Executive Committee/Standing Committees file of the VLWV.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe records of the VLWV document in great detail the legislative agenda over a fourteen year period. The VLWV materials contain correspondence, circulars, memoranda questionnaires and reports pertaining to the Children's Code Commission, Virginia Women's Council Legislative Chairman of State Organizations and other major committees of the VLWV; revealing which major pieces of legislation were of utmost concern to Clark and the VLWV. Like its predecessor, the VLWV collected a wide variety of literature from state, national and international organizations which championed a spectrum of causes of interest to Clark and her associates. These organizations include the League of Nations Association, National Council for the Prevention of War, National Women's Trade Union League of America, and Southern Council of Women and Children in Industry.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDocumentation of the NLWV (1920-1945) and the later reorganized League of Woman Voters of Virginia (1946-presents) includes correspondence and memoranda produced by Clark as Second Vice President in charge of Legislation and Law Enforcement and Third Regional Director for the NLWV. In addition to correspondence, memoranda, minutes, notes and reports there are materials detailing her involvement in nationally sponsored speaking tours throughout several regions of the United States. Items from the national office consist of mimeographed Adèle Goodman Clark correspondence and memoranda, reports, press releases and various publications created by the major standing committees and departments of the NLWV. Clark's activity in both the state and national leagues diminished to a great extent after 1934. Records of the latter local, state and national organizations primarily consists of bulletins, newsletters, and other literature published and distributed by the organizations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClark was very involved in the commemoration of the contributions of Lila Meade Valentine to the suffrage movement. The collection contains the organizational records of the Lila Meade Valentine Memorial Association (1921-1937), which was established to raise money for a memorial tablet dedicated to Mrs. Valentine to be placed in the Capitol Building in Richmond. Much of the material consists of correspondence and memoranda between the association's chairperson, Adèle Clark and the individuals who contributed to the memorial fund. There is also correspondence between Clark and the sculptor chosen to produce the memorial tablet. Other material includes financial data, contributors lists, minutes, notes and reports documenting the association's fundraising activities.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection of materials related to state and national politics comprises the third major section of the Clark Papers. These materials include correspondence, memoranda, minutes, reports, statistical data, and literature generated by or related to the work of the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government (1921-1927) and the Liberal Arts College Commission (1918, 1929-1933). Material pertaining to both of these government commissions highlight the research and information gathering work undertaken by Clark and the members of these commissions before presentation of the final reports to the Virginia General Assembly. The collection also contains the annotated drafts and proofs of the reports in various stages of development. Correspondence, notes, reports and travel vouchers highlight Clark's duties as a NRS Field Supervisor and her involvement with the National Reemployment Service (1925-1937). Correspondence between Clark and the State Reemployment Director reveal the types of reemployment projects in which the NRS was actively engaged throughout the state. In addition, correspondence between Clark and other field staff demonstrate the extent to which Clark participated in managing local reemployment offices during her tenure with the NRS. Published reports, speeches, manuals, newspaper clippings and other ephemeral materials are also included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe fourth area of interest of Adèle's, as reflected in the collection, was religion. Included here are the organizational records and personal items documenting the religious activities of Clark, Nora Houston, and several members of the Houston family. It should be noted that Clark was baptized and confirmed in the Episcopal Church and later became a devout Roman Catholic after Nora Houston's death in 1942. Included is correspondence between both women and various religious organizations, church leaflets, pamphlets and prayerbooks, periodicals and other items of a religious nature. Some of the organizations with which Clark and Houston corresponded include the Catholic Woman's Club, National Council of Catholic Women, National Conference on Christians and Jews, and Catholic Daughters of America. Beth Ahabah Museum and Archives holds other materials of a religious nature relating to the Goodman family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe final component of the collection, second in size only to that of the suffrage and voting rights material, is that of art, particularly art in Virginia. An artist by training, Adèle Clark worked ceaselessly for increased public awareness of the traditions and richness of art within the Commonwealth. To this end, the collection documents the contributions of Clark and her colleagues in the following endeavors: the Art Club of Richmond, Atelier, Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, Richmond Academy of Arts, Virginia Arts Commission, and Works Project Administration-Federal Arts Project. In addition to containing the correspondence relating to the operations of these organizations, the records also contain memoranda, minutes and reports of committees, and materials on exhibitions sponsored by these organizations. Of particular significance are the records of the Academy Committee of the Art Club that document the committee's role in attempting to resurrect the arts academy. Materials relating to the WPA and the Virginia Arts Commission emphasize Clark's substantial role in making the public a more active player in the promotion of the arts. Clark's monthly and narrative reports on several WPA art galleries, as well as data on the Index of American Design, provide a detailed account of the variety of art projects the WPA underwrote in Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also contains a range of art and art school publications, art supply advertisements, catalogs, exhibition bulletins and notices from local and national art institutions. A small number of drawings, sketches and miscellaneous artwork created by Adèle Clark, Nora Houston and other artists are also represented. Some of the more notable pieces include Clark's original lithograph \"Richmond Market at Christmas\", copies of Nora Houston's house sketches and artwork produced by children of various ages. Lastly there are numerous kinds of illustrations and reproductions that Clark and Houston utilized in their art classes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSignificant portions of the collection are in fragile condition, particularly newspaper clippings and photographs. Reference copies of the photographs are available for use. A large portion of the clippings have been photocopied and the process will continue as time and staff permit.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections has also purchased suffrage and related materials. Please ask a staffmember for information about these supporting items.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Adèle Goodman Clark papers document the life and activities of Miss Clark (1882-1983) throughout her adult life, as well as those of her closest friends and relatives. Miss Clark was a member of a small group of civically active Richmond women whose names appear throughout the collection. Of particular note are members of Clark's family, Edith Clark Cowles, Willoughby Ions, and friends Roberta Wellford, Lila Meade Valentine, Lucy Randolph Mason, Ida Mae Thompson, Eudora W. Ramsay Richardson, Nora Houston and Josephine Houston. A list and chart describing the family relationships follows the Series Description and Arrangement, which specifically details the arrangement of the collection and highlights areas of particular significance within each series.","The collection is comprised of five major components, each with its own depth of coverage, usually dependent upon the length of Clark's involvement. The first major component of the collection contains materials pertaining to the Clark and Houston families with their multiple activities, responsibilities and affiliations. The documents in this section include the personal correspondence of Adèle Clark, Nora Houston, and members of both the Clark and Houston families. Correspondence from Estelle Goodman Clark, Cely \"Nainaine\" Ions, and Estelle Adèle Goodman","Willoughby Ions provide a richly detailed account of the more significant events within the Clark-Ions family. Also included is personal, business, and legal correspondence between members of the Goodman family, predating the Civil War, and personal correspondence to Clark and Nora Houston from close friends and associates such as Cornelia Adair, T. Bowyer Campbell, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon and Roberta Wellford. Additional family information is provided by legal and real estate correspondence, biographical sketches, family and genealogical histories, composition books, diaries, journals, and poetry by various members of the Clark and Houston families. Some items of significance include handwritten memoranda and notes, poems, short stories and other fictional material written by Adèle Clark during her lifetime. The Virginia Historical Society holds additional Clark family materials (see Appendices).","The collection also includes correspondence from businesses and civic organizations with which Clark, Edith Clark Cowles, and the Dooley/Houston family were affiliated during their lifetimes. A list of the more significant organizations includes the Virginia Society for Crippled Children and Handicapped Adults, Commission of Inter-Racial (or Interracial) Cooperation, Woodrow Wilson Foundation, National Consumers League, and Social Science Research Council-Committee on Public Administration. There is also correspondence from prominent local and state government officials that further document the political activities and biases of these women. Brochures, memoranda and publications from these organizations are scattered throughout the collection.","While the family correspondence provides information about Clark's early years, the greatest significance of the collection lies in its documentation of the activities of the suffrage movement, both locally and nationally. The collection is particularly strong in its representation of correspondence, reports, memoranda and publications reflecting the sentiments and political positions of both the pro- and anti- suffrage movement from 1913 until the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. A large portion of this segment also documents the actions of the post-suffragists in their work through the national, state and local chapters of the League of Women Voters (LWV). Clark's considerable role of participation in the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) in the first two decades of the organization provides an abundant amount of material chronicling the many social and political issues in which local and national LWV members were engaged. Although the documentation of the activities of the LWV continues well into the 1970s, the collection is not as strong for the later years as it is for the earlier period.","The suffrage materials, the second and largest component in the collection, are composed of documentation of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV), Richmond League of Women Voters, the VLWV, and the reorganized League of Women Voters of Virginia (LWVV). The ESLV materials includes correspondence, committee and financial memoranda, convention material, notes, reports and miscellaneous literature. There is a large quantity of outgoing correspondence created by the corresponding secretaries of the ESLV which pertains to the efforts of organizing local suffrage chapters throughout the state and between officers of the ESLV, state and national government officials. Also included is correspondence between ESLV President, Lila Meade Valentine, and women of significance within the suffrage movement including Carrie Chapman Catt, Anna Howard Shaw, Maud Wood Park and Kate Gordon. While there is a substantial amount of correspondence generated by the central office of the ESLV, between 1909-1912 there are some major gaps. A portion of this documentation for the early history of the ESLV can be found at the Library of Virginia (see Appendices). Throughout its eleven year existence, the ESLV compiled an enormous amount of literature on the suffrage movement published by the National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA), and other organizations. Materials generated by the movement and represented in this portion of the collection include petitions, photographs, enrollment cards, posters, suffrage maps, sashes and other ephemeral items. Additional publications have not been indexed but are available for research.","The bulk of the materials of the remaining suffrage organizations represented in the collection fall within a fourteen year time frame, 1920-1934, and includes President/Executive Secretary correspondence, bulletins, circulars, committee memoranda, and financial statements as well as records relating to the Virginia Cookery Book, the Governor's Ball and the citizenship courses sponsored by the VLWV. Clark also corresponded with the President of the NLWV and other officers in the national organization. The significant correspondents include Maud Wood Park, Belle Sherwin, Katherine Ludington, and Gertrude Ely. Incoming correspondence from prominent Virginia women such as Faith Morgan, Roberta Wellford, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon, Kate Waller Barrett, Mrs. John L. Lewis of Lynchburg, Mrs. John H. Lewis of Ashland, and Mrs C.E. [Jessie] Townsend of Norfolk can be found in both the President/Executive Correspondence files and the Board of Directors/Executive Committee/Standing Committees file of the VLWV.","The records of the VLWV document in great detail the legislative agenda over a fourteen year period. The VLWV materials contain correspondence, circulars, memoranda questionnaires and reports pertaining to the Children's Code Commission, Virginia Women's Council Legislative Chairman of State Organizations and other major committees of the VLWV; revealing which major pieces of legislation were of utmost concern to Clark and the VLWV. Like its predecessor, the VLWV collected a wide variety of literature from state, national and international organizations which championed a spectrum of causes of interest to Clark and her associates. These organizations include the League of Nations Association, National Council for the Prevention of War, National Women's Trade Union League of America, and Southern Council of Women and Children in Industry.","Documentation of the NLWV (1920-1945) and the later reorganized League of Woman Voters of Virginia (1946-presents) includes correspondence and memoranda produced by Clark as Second Vice President in charge of Legislation and Law Enforcement and Third Regional Director for the NLWV. In addition to correspondence, memoranda, minutes, notes and reports there are materials detailing her involvement in nationally sponsored speaking tours throughout several regions of the United States. Items from the national office consist of mimeographed Adèle Goodman Clark correspondence and memoranda, reports, press releases and various publications created by the major standing committees and departments of the NLWV. Clark's activity in both the state and national leagues diminished to a great extent after 1934. Records of the latter local, state and national organizations primarily consists of bulletins, newsletters, and other literature published and distributed by the organizations.","Clark was very involved in the commemoration of the contributions of Lila Meade Valentine to the suffrage movement. The collection contains the organizational records of the Lila Meade Valentine Memorial Association (1921-1937), which was established to raise money for a memorial tablet dedicated to Mrs. Valentine to be placed in the Capitol Building in Richmond. Much of the material consists of correspondence and memoranda between the association's chairperson, Adèle Clark and the individuals who contributed to the memorial fund. There is also correspondence between Clark and the sculptor chosen to produce the memorial tablet. Other material includes financial data, contributors lists, minutes, notes and reports documenting the association's fundraising activities.","The collection of materials related to state and national politics comprises the third major section of the Clark Papers. These materials include correspondence, memoranda, minutes, reports, statistical data, and literature generated by or related to the work of the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government (1921-1927) and the Liberal Arts College Commission (1918, 1929-1933). Material pertaining to both of these government commissions highlight the research and information gathering work undertaken by Clark and the members of these commissions before presentation of the final reports to the Virginia General Assembly. The collection also contains the annotated drafts and proofs of the reports in various stages of development. Correspondence, notes, reports and travel vouchers highlight Clark's duties as a NRS Field Supervisor and her involvement with the National Reemployment Service (1925-1937). Correspondence between Clark and the State Reemployment Director reveal the types of reemployment projects in which the NRS was actively engaged throughout the state. In addition, correspondence between Clark and other field staff demonstrate the extent to which Clark participated in managing local reemployment offices during her tenure with the NRS. Published reports, speeches, manuals, newspaper clippings and other ephemeral materials are also included.","The fourth area of interest of Adèle's, as reflected in the collection, was religion. Included here are the organizational records and personal items documenting the religious activities of Clark, Nora Houston, and several members of the Houston family. It should be noted that Clark was baptized and confirmed in the Episcopal Church and later became a devout Roman Catholic after Nora Houston's death in 1942. Included is correspondence between both women and various religious organizations, church leaflets, pamphlets and prayerbooks, periodicals and other items of a religious nature. Some of the organizations with which Clark and Houston corresponded include the Catholic Woman's Club, National Council of Catholic Women, National Conference on Christians and Jews, and Catholic Daughters of America. Beth Ahabah Museum and Archives holds other materials of a religious nature relating to the Goodman family.","The final component of the collection, second in size only to that of the suffrage and voting rights material, is that of art, particularly art in Virginia. An artist by training, Adèle Clark worked ceaselessly for increased public awareness of the traditions and richness of art within the Commonwealth. To this end, the collection documents the contributions of Clark and her colleagues in the following endeavors: the Art Club of Richmond, Atelier, Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, Richmond Academy of Arts, Virginia Arts Commission, and Works Project Administration-Federal Arts Project. In addition to containing the correspondence relating to the operations of these organizations, the records also contain memoranda, minutes and reports of committees, and materials on exhibitions sponsored by these organizations. Of particular significance are the records of the Academy Committee of the Art Club that document the committee's role in attempting to resurrect the arts academy. Materials relating to the WPA and the Virginia Arts Commission emphasize Clark's substantial role in making the public a more active player in the promotion of the arts. Clark's monthly and narrative reports on several WPA art galleries, as well as data on the Index of American Design, provide a detailed account of the variety of art projects the WPA underwrote in Virginia.","The collection also contains a range of art and art school publications, art supply advertisements, catalogs, exhibition bulletins and notices from local and national art institutions. A small number of drawings, sketches and miscellaneous artwork created by Adèle Clark, Nora Houston and other artists are also represented. Some of the more notable pieces include Clark's original lithograph \"Richmond Market at Christmas\", copies of Nora Houston's house sketches and artwork produced by children of various ages. Lastly there are numerous kinds of illustrations and reproductions that Clark and Houston utilized in their art classes.","Significant portions of the collection are in fragile condition, particularly newspaper clippings and photographs. Reference copies of the photographs are available for use. A large portion of the clippings have been photocopied and the process will continue as time and staff permit.","Special Collections has also purchased suffrage and related materials. Please ask a staffmember for information about these supporting items."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives"],"names_coll_ssim":["League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":3079,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:40:08.594Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c14_c07_c15"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_66_c03_c07","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Virginia law enforcement training - Criminal law, 1948","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_66_c03_c07#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_66_c03_c07","ref_ssm":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_66_c03_c07"],"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_66_c03_c07","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_66","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_66","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_66_c03","parent_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_66_c03","parent_ssim":["John Edward Lawler papers, 1924/1974","Richmond materials, 1937/1970"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_66","vircu_repositories_5_resources_66_c03"],"title_filing_ssi":"Virginia law enforcement training - Criminal law","title_ssm":["Virginia law enforcement training - Criminal law"],"title_tesim":["Virginia law enforcement training - Criminal law"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Virginia law enforcement training - Criminal law, 1948"],"text":["Virginia law enforcement training - Criminal law, 1948","John Edward Lawler papers, 1924/1974","Richmond materials, 1937/1970","box 16","folder 4"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["John Edward Lawler papers, 1924/1974","Richmond materials, 1937/1970"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["John Edward Lawler papers, 1924/1974","Richmond materials, 1937/1970"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1948"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1948, undated"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":89,"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["John Edward Lawler papers, 1924/1974"],"containers_ssim":["box 16","folder 4"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"date_range_isim":[1948],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#6","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:40:16.668Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_66","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_66","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_66","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_66","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_66.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Lawler, John Edward, papers","title_ssm":["John Edward Lawler papers"],"title_tesim":["John Edward Lawler papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1924-1974"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1924-1974"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1924/1974"],"normalized_title_ssm":["John Edward Lawler papers, 1924/1974"],"text":["John Edward Lawler papers, 1924/1974","M 148","/repositories/5/resources/66","Richmond (Va.) -- Politics and government -- 20th century.","Espionage, American -- 20th century.","City council members -- Virginia -- Richmond","Lawyers -- Virginia -- Richmond","Insurance -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Law enforcement -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Collection is open to research.","The collection is organized into four series.","Series 1\n        Personal materials, 1924-1980\n      \n      \n        Series 2\n        FBI materials, 1935-1967\n      \n      \n        Series 3\n        Richmond materials, 1937-1975\n      \n      \n        Series 4\n         Legal Practice, 1944-1975","John Edward Lawler was born 19 May 1908 in Mobile, Alabama to parents Ida Dickens and Matthew Joseph Lawler, Sr. He attended boarding school and college at Spring Hill, a Jesuit school in Mobile. In 1930 he moved to Washington, D.C., and he received law degree in 1935 from Georgetown University. He joined the ranks of the Federal Bureau of Investigation that same year.","As an FBI agent, he received assignments to the Buffalo and Los Angeles field offices in the first few years of his career before returning to Washington in 1937 where he would serve in several different divisions. His work in Washington included the investigation of automobile thefts and kidnappings, as well as intelligence operations. He also recounts in the collection's oral history that, for a time, he was an administrative assistant to J. Edgar Hoover. In 1939, Lawler was appointed Special Agent in Charge of the Richmond field office, but in August of the following year, he was called back to Washington to assist with the organization of the agency's Special Intelligence Service. Lawler was assigned to the Special Agent in Charge post in Richmond once again in 1942, a position he would hold until his retirement in 1950. Lawler and his wife, who met and married in Richmond, had two daughters and two sons before their divorce in the mid-sixties.","Following his retirement from the Bureau, Lawler established a private legal practice and was engaged by the Union Life Insurance Company, later renamed the Interstate Mutual Fire Insurance Company, as a vice-president and general counsel. At the same time, Lawler also took on work for the newly created Central Intelligence Agency, organizing the Richmond-based Old Dominion Research Company, an entity used by the CIA for agent support and training.","Lawler was also an active member of the Richmond political scene. He served as a member of the Richmond City Council from 1956 to 1960, starting out by filling six months of Ed Haddock's unexpired term and was subsequently elected to two more terms. Other community roles he took on included serving as an alternate director of civil defense and as chairman of the city's Personnel Board, as well as holding seats on law enforcement advisory boards for the city and state. Lawler was also a dedicated member of the city's exclusive Commonwealth Club, particularly in his later years.","On 31 December 1982, Lawler was found dead in his Riverside Drive home at the age of 74. Four young people had broken into Lawler's home, robbed him, and beaten him to death. John Ballard, was found guilty of the murder, and the other three were convicted on related charges.","The bulk of the collection consists of materials created or acquired by John Edward Lawler in the course of his professional life. The papers contain material for potential research in law enforcement, counter-espionage and intelligence, labor relations, law enforcement, and politics of the Richmond area. The papers are particularly rich in the areas of law enforcement and training.","There is a great wealth of material from Lawler's career with the Federal Bureau of Investigation in Washington, D.C. and in Richmond. Materials include FBI office memoranda, printed publications, reports, Lawler's lesson plans, manuals, mimeographed training materials issued by the Milwaukee and Washington, D.C. police departments, clippings, and photographs. The content of these materials reflect Lawler's involvement with Bureau investigative and counter-espionage work, as well as anti-Communist activities, including the surveillance of Richmond resident Alice Burke, state secretary of the Communist party. In the original processing of the collection, an attempt was made not only to establish an easily used subject files but also to maintain what remained of Lawler's original file order in the papers. There are numerous mimeographed and printed documents in the series that were preserved because they were maintained in Lawler's working files and were likely used frequently by him for training purposes. Moreover, it was deemed advisable to maintain the FBI publications for the benefit of researchers unable to travel to Washington, D.C., or to long-term government Depository Libraries.","The collection also includes materials documenting Lawler's life after his retirement from the FBI in 1950. The largest grouping of these materials consists of training materials for Virginia law enforcement as well as several files of materials documenting his active role in Richmond politics, particularly his time as a city council member. There is also a file of materials from the Old Dominion Research Company, a CIA entity that Lawler helped to establish in Richmond in the mid-1950s. Also found in the collection are a number of files concerning Lawler's legal practice, including his work as vice-president and general counsel for the Union Life Insurance Company, later renamed the Interstate Mutual Fire Insurance Company, including a group of materials relating to cases before the National Labor Relations Board against the company.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation -- Officials and employees","United States. Central Intelligence Agency -- Officials and employees","Lawler, John Edward, 1908-1982","Lawler, John Edward, 1908-1982 -- Archives","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["John Edward Lawler papers, 1924/1974"],"collection_ssim":["John Edward Lawler papers, 1924/1974"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 148","/repositories/5/resources/66"],"unitid_tesim":["M 148","/repositories/5/resources/66"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Richmond (Va.) -- Politics and government -- 20th century."],"geogname_ssim":["Richmond (Va.) -- Politics and government -- 20th century."],"places_ssim":["Richmond (Va.) -- Politics and government -- 20th century."],"creator_ssm":["Lawler, John Edward, 1908-1982"],"creator_ssim":["Lawler, John Edward, 1908-1982"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Lawler, John Edward, 1908-1982","Lawler, John Edward, 1908-1982 -- Archives"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation -- Officials and employees","United States. Central Intelligence Agency -- Officials and employees"],"creators_ssim":["Lawler, John Edward, 1908-1982","Lawler, John Edward, 1908-1982 -- Archives","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation -- Officials and employees","United States. Central Intelligence Agency -- Officials and employees"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Espionage, American -- 20th century.","City council members -- Virginia -- Richmond","Lawyers -- Virginia -- Richmond","Insurance -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Law enforcement -- Virginia -- Richmond."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Espionage, American -- 20th century.","City council members -- Virginia -- Richmond","Lawyers -- Virginia -- Richmond","Insurance -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Law enforcement -- Virginia -- Richmond."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["7.56 Linear Feet 18 document cases"],"extent_tesim":["7.56 Linear Feet 18 document cases"],"date_range_isim":[1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into four series.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 1\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003ePersonal materials, 1924-1980\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 2\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eFBI materials, 1935-1967\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 3\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eRichmond materials, 1937-1975\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 4\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e Legal Practice, 1944-1975\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into four series.","Series 1\n        Personal materials, 1924-1980\n      \n      \n        Series 2\n        FBI materials, 1935-1967\n      \n      \n        Series 3\n        Richmond materials, 1937-1975\n      \n      \n        Series 4\n         Legal Practice, 1944-1975"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn Edward Lawler was born 19 May 1908 in Mobile, Alabama to parents Ida Dickens and Matthew Joseph Lawler, Sr. He attended boarding school and college at Spring Hill, a Jesuit school in Mobile. In 1930 he moved to Washington, D.C., and he received law degree in 1935 from Georgetown University. He joined the ranks of the Federal Bureau of Investigation that same year. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAs an FBI agent, he received assignments to the Buffalo and Los Angeles field offices in the first few years of his career before returning to Washington in 1937 where he would serve in several different divisions. His work in Washington included the investigation of automobile thefts and kidnappings, as well as intelligence operations. He also recounts in the collection's oral history that, for a time, he was an administrative assistant to J. Edgar Hoover. In 1939, Lawler was appointed Special Agent in Charge of the Richmond field office, but in August of the following year, he was called back to Washington to assist with the organization of the agency's Special Intelligence Service. Lawler was assigned to the Special Agent in Charge post in Richmond once again in 1942, a position he would hold until his retirement in 1950. Lawler and his wife, who met and married in Richmond, had two daughters and two sons before their divorce in the mid-sixties.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFollowing his retirement from the Bureau, Lawler established a private legal practice and was engaged by the Union Life Insurance Company, later renamed the Interstate Mutual Fire Insurance Company, as a vice-president and general counsel. At the same time, Lawler also took on work for the newly created Central Intelligence Agency, organizing the Richmond-based Old Dominion Research Company, an entity used by the CIA for agent support and training.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLawler was also an active member of the Richmond political scene. He served as a member of the Richmond City Council from 1956 to 1960, starting out by filling six months of Ed Haddock's unexpired term and was subsequently elected to two more terms. Other community roles he took on included serving as an alternate director of civil defense and as chairman of the city's Personnel Board, as well as holding seats on law enforcement advisory boards for the city and state. Lawler was also a dedicated member of the city's exclusive Commonwealth Club, particularly in his later years. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn 31 December 1982, Lawler was found dead in his Riverside Drive home at the age of 74. Four young people had broken into Lawler's home, robbed him, and beaten him to death. John Ballard, was found guilty of the murder, and the other three were convicted on related charges.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["John Edward Lawler was born 19 May 1908 in Mobile, Alabama to parents Ida Dickens and Matthew Joseph Lawler, Sr. He attended boarding school and college at Spring Hill, a Jesuit school in Mobile. In 1930 he moved to Washington, D.C., and he received law degree in 1935 from Georgetown University. He joined the ranks of the Federal Bureau of Investigation that same year.","As an FBI agent, he received assignments to the Buffalo and Los Angeles field offices in the first few years of his career before returning to Washington in 1937 where he would serve in several different divisions. His work in Washington included the investigation of automobile thefts and kidnappings, as well as intelligence operations. He also recounts in the collection's oral history that, for a time, he was an administrative assistant to J. Edgar Hoover. In 1939, Lawler was appointed Special Agent in Charge of the Richmond field office, but in August of the following year, he was called back to Washington to assist with the organization of the agency's Special Intelligence Service. Lawler was assigned to the Special Agent in Charge post in Richmond once again in 1942, a position he would hold until his retirement in 1950. Lawler and his wife, who met and married in Richmond, had two daughters and two sons before their divorce in the mid-sixties.","Following his retirement from the Bureau, Lawler established a private legal practice and was engaged by the Union Life Insurance Company, later renamed the Interstate Mutual Fire Insurance Company, as a vice-president and general counsel. At the same time, Lawler also took on work for the newly created Central Intelligence Agency, organizing the Richmond-based Old Dominion Research Company, an entity used by the CIA for agent support and training.","Lawler was also an active member of the Richmond political scene. He served as a member of the Richmond City Council from 1956 to 1960, starting out by filling six months of Ed Haddock's unexpired term and was subsequently elected to two more terms. Other community roles he took on included serving as an alternate director of civil defense and as chairman of the city's Personnel Board, as well as holding seats on law enforcement advisory boards for the city and state. Lawler was also a dedicated member of the city's exclusive Commonwealth Club, particularly in his later years.","On 31 December 1982, Lawler was found dead in his Riverside Drive home at the age of 74. Four young people had broken into Lawler's home, robbed him, and beaten him to death. John Ballard, was found guilty of the murder, and the other three were convicted on related charges."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBox/folder, John Edward Lawler papers, 1924-1974, Collection # M 148, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Box/folder, John Edward Lawler papers, 1924-1974, Collection # M 148, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the collection consists of materials created or acquired by John Edward Lawler in the course of his professional life. The papers contain material for potential research in law enforcement, counter-espionage and intelligence, labor relations, law enforcement, and politics of the Richmond area. The papers are particularly rich in the areas of law enforcement and training. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is a great wealth of material from Lawler's career with the Federal Bureau of Investigation in Washington, D.C. and in Richmond. Materials include FBI office memoranda, printed publications, reports, Lawler's lesson plans, manuals, mimeographed training materials issued by the Milwaukee and Washington, D.C. police departments, clippings, and photographs. The content of these materials reflect Lawler's involvement with Bureau investigative and counter-espionage work, as well as anti-Communist activities, including the surveillance of Richmond resident Alice Burke, state secretary of the Communist party. In the original processing of the collection, an attempt was made not only to establish an easily used subject files but also to maintain what remained of Lawler's original file order in the papers. There are numerous mimeographed and printed documents in the series that were preserved because they were maintained in Lawler's working files and were likely used frequently by him for training purposes. Moreover, it was deemed advisable to maintain the FBI publications for the benefit of researchers unable to travel to Washington, D.C., or to long-term government Depository Libraries. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also includes materials documenting Lawler's life after his retirement from the FBI in 1950. The largest grouping of these materials consists of training materials for Virginia law enforcement as well as several files of materials documenting his active role in Richmond politics, particularly his time as a city council member. There is also a file of materials from the Old Dominion Research Company, a CIA entity that Lawler helped to establish in Richmond in the mid-1950s. Also found in the collection are a number of files concerning Lawler's legal practice, including his work as vice-president and general counsel for the Union Life Insurance Company, later renamed the Interstate Mutual Fire Insurance Company, including a group of materials relating to cases before the National Labor Relations Board against the company.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The bulk of the collection consists of materials created or acquired by John Edward Lawler in the course of his professional life. The papers contain material for potential research in law enforcement, counter-espionage and intelligence, labor relations, law enforcement, and politics of the Richmond area. The papers are particularly rich in the areas of law enforcement and training.","There is a great wealth of material from Lawler's career with the Federal Bureau of Investigation in Washington, D.C. and in Richmond. Materials include FBI office memoranda, printed publications, reports, Lawler's lesson plans, manuals, mimeographed training materials issued by the Milwaukee and Washington, D.C. police departments, clippings, and photographs. The content of these materials reflect Lawler's involvement with Bureau investigative and counter-espionage work, as well as anti-Communist activities, including the surveillance of Richmond resident Alice Burke, state secretary of the Communist party. In the original processing of the collection, an attempt was made not only to establish an easily used subject files but also to maintain what remained of Lawler's original file order in the papers. There are numerous mimeographed and printed documents in the series that were preserved because they were maintained in Lawler's working files and were likely used frequently by him for training purposes. Moreover, it was deemed advisable to maintain the FBI publications for the benefit of researchers unable to travel to Washington, D.C., or to long-term government Depository Libraries.","The collection also includes materials documenting Lawler's life after his retirement from the FBI in 1950. The largest grouping of these materials consists of training materials for Virginia law enforcement as well as several files of materials documenting his active role in Richmond politics, particularly his time as a city council member. There is also a file of materials from the Old Dominion Research Company, a CIA entity that Lawler helped to establish in Richmond in the mid-1950s. Also found in the collection are a number of files concerning Lawler's legal practice, including his work as vice-president and general counsel for the Union Life Insurance Company, later renamed the Interstate Mutual Fire Insurance Company, including a group of materials relating to cases before the National Labor Relations Board against the company."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation -- Officials and employees","United States. Central Intelligence Agency -- Officials and employees"],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation -- Officials and employees","United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation -- Officials and employees","United States. Central Intelligence Agency -- Officials and employees","Lawler, John Edward, 1908-1982 -- Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Lawler, John Edward, 1908-1982","Lawler, John Edward, 1908-1982 -- Archives"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation -- Officials and employees","United States. Central Intelligence Agency -- Officials and employees","Lawler, John Edward, 1908-1982","Lawler, John Edward, 1908-1982 -- Archives"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":103,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:40:16.668Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_66_c03_c07"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_66_c03_c09","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Virginia law enforcement training - Law of arrest, 1938/1949","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_66_c03_c09#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_66_c03_c09","ref_ssm":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_66_c03_c09"],"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_66_c03_c09","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_66","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_66","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_66_c03","parent_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_66_c03","parent_ssim":["John Edward Lawler papers, 1924/1974","Richmond materials, 1937/1970"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_66","vircu_repositories_5_resources_66_c03"],"title_filing_ssi":"Virginia law enforcement training - Law of arrest","title_ssm":["Virginia law enforcement training - Law of arrest"],"title_tesim":["Virginia law enforcement training - Law of arrest"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Virginia law enforcement training - Law of arrest, 1938/1949"],"text":["Virginia law enforcement training - Law of arrest, 1938/1949","John Edward Lawler papers, 1924/1974","Richmond materials, 1937/1970","box 16","folder 6","box 17","folder 1"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["John Edward Lawler papers, 1924/1974","Richmond materials, 1937/1970"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["John Edward Lawler papers, 1924/1974","Richmond materials, 1937/1970"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1938/1949"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1938-1949, undated"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":91,"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["John Edward Lawler papers, 1924/1974"],"containers_ssim":["box 16","folder 6","box 17","folder 1"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"date_range_isim":[1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#8","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:40:16.668Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_66","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_66","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_66","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_66","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_66.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Lawler, John Edward, papers","title_ssm":["John Edward Lawler papers"],"title_tesim":["John Edward Lawler papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1924-1974"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1924-1974"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1924/1974"],"normalized_title_ssm":["John Edward Lawler papers, 1924/1974"],"text":["John Edward Lawler papers, 1924/1974","M 148","/repositories/5/resources/66","Richmond (Va.) -- Politics and government -- 20th century.","Espionage, American -- 20th century.","City council members -- Virginia -- Richmond","Lawyers -- Virginia -- Richmond","Insurance -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Law enforcement -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Collection is open to research.","The collection is organized into four series.","Series 1\n        Personal materials, 1924-1980\n      \n      \n        Series 2\n        FBI materials, 1935-1967\n      \n      \n        Series 3\n        Richmond materials, 1937-1975\n      \n      \n        Series 4\n         Legal Practice, 1944-1975","John Edward Lawler was born 19 May 1908 in Mobile, Alabama to parents Ida Dickens and Matthew Joseph Lawler, Sr. He attended boarding school and college at Spring Hill, a Jesuit school in Mobile. In 1930 he moved to Washington, D.C., and he received law degree in 1935 from Georgetown University. He joined the ranks of the Federal Bureau of Investigation that same year.","As an FBI agent, he received assignments to the Buffalo and Los Angeles field offices in the first few years of his career before returning to Washington in 1937 where he would serve in several different divisions. His work in Washington included the investigation of automobile thefts and kidnappings, as well as intelligence operations. He also recounts in the collection's oral history that, for a time, he was an administrative assistant to J. Edgar Hoover. In 1939, Lawler was appointed Special Agent in Charge of the Richmond field office, but in August of the following year, he was called back to Washington to assist with the organization of the agency's Special Intelligence Service. Lawler was assigned to the Special Agent in Charge post in Richmond once again in 1942, a position he would hold until his retirement in 1950. Lawler and his wife, who met and married in Richmond, had two daughters and two sons before their divorce in the mid-sixties.","Following his retirement from the Bureau, Lawler established a private legal practice and was engaged by the Union Life Insurance Company, later renamed the Interstate Mutual Fire Insurance Company, as a vice-president and general counsel. At the same time, Lawler also took on work for the newly created Central Intelligence Agency, organizing the Richmond-based Old Dominion Research Company, an entity used by the CIA for agent support and training.","Lawler was also an active member of the Richmond political scene. He served as a member of the Richmond City Council from 1956 to 1960, starting out by filling six months of Ed Haddock's unexpired term and was subsequently elected to two more terms. Other community roles he took on included serving as an alternate director of civil defense and as chairman of the city's Personnel Board, as well as holding seats on law enforcement advisory boards for the city and state. Lawler was also a dedicated member of the city's exclusive Commonwealth Club, particularly in his later years.","On 31 December 1982, Lawler was found dead in his Riverside Drive home at the age of 74. Four young people had broken into Lawler's home, robbed him, and beaten him to death. John Ballard, was found guilty of the murder, and the other three were convicted on related charges.","The bulk of the collection consists of materials created or acquired by John Edward Lawler in the course of his professional life. The papers contain material for potential research in law enforcement, counter-espionage and intelligence, labor relations, law enforcement, and politics of the Richmond area. The papers are particularly rich in the areas of law enforcement and training.","There is a great wealth of material from Lawler's career with the Federal Bureau of Investigation in Washington, D.C. and in Richmond. Materials include FBI office memoranda, printed publications, reports, Lawler's lesson plans, manuals, mimeographed training materials issued by the Milwaukee and Washington, D.C. police departments, clippings, and photographs. The content of these materials reflect Lawler's involvement with Bureau investigative and counter-espionage work, as well as anti-Communist activities, including the surveillance of Richmond resident Alice Burke, state secretary of the Communist party. In the original processing of the collection, an attempt was made not only to establish an easily used subject files but also to maintain what remained of Lawler's original file order in the papers. There are numerous mimeographed and printed documents in the series that were preserved because they were maintained in Lawler's working files and were likely used frequently by him for training purposes. Moreover, it was deemed advisable to maintain the FBI publications for the benefit of researchers unable to travel to Washington, D.C., or to long-term government Depository Libraries.","The collection also includes materials documenting Lawler's life after his retirement from the FBI in 1950. The largest grouping of these materials consists of training materials for Virginia law enforcement as well as several files of materials documenting his active role in Richmond politics, particularly his time as a city council member. There is also a file of materials from the Old Dominion Research Company, a CIA entity that Lawler helped to establish in Richmond in the mid-1950s. Also found in the collection are a number of files concerning Lawler's legal practice, including his work as vice-president and general counsel for the Union Life Insurance Company, later renamed the Interstate Mutual Fire Insurance Company, including a group of materials relating to cases before the National Labor Relations Board against the company.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation -- Officials and employees","United States. 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In 1930 he moved to Washington, D.C., and he received law degree in 1935 from Georgetown University. He joined the ranks of the Federal Bureau of Investigation that same year. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAs an FBI agent, he received assignments to the Buffalo and Los Angeles field offices in the first few years of his career before returning to Washington in 1937 where he would serve in several different divisions. His work in Washington included the investigation of automobile thefts and kidnappings, as well as intelligence operations. He also recounts in the collection's oral history that, for a time, he was an administrative assistant to J. Edgar Hoover. In 1939, Lawler was appointed Special Agent in Charge of the Richmond field office, but in August of the following year, he was called back to Washington to assist with the organization of the agency's Special Intelligence Service. Lawler was assigned to the Special Agent in Charge post in Richmond once again in 1942, a position he would hold until his retirement in 1950. Lawler and his wife, who met and married in Richmond, had two daughters and two sons before their divorce in the mid-sixties.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFollowing his retirement from the Bureau, Lawler established a private legal practice and was engaged by the Union Life Insurance Company, later renamed the Interstate Mutual Fire Insurance Company, as a vice-president and general counsel. At the same time, Lawler also took on work for the newly created Central Intelligence Agency, organizing the Richmond-based Old Dominion Research Company, an entity used by the CIA for agent support and training.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLawler was also an active member of the Richmond political scene. He served as a member of the Richmond City Council from 1956 to 1960, starting out by filling six months of Ed Haddock's unexpired term and was subsequently elected to two more terms. Other community roles he took on included serving as an alternate director of civil defense and as chairman of the city's Personnel Board, as well as holding seats on law enforcement advisory boards for the city and state. Lawler was also a dedicated member of the city's exclusive Commonwealth Club, particularly in his later years. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn 31 December 1982, Lawler was found dead in his Riverside Drive home at the age of 74. Four young people had broken into Lawler's home, robbed him, and beaten him to death. John Ballard, was found guilty of the murder, and the other three were convicted on related charges.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["John Edward Lawler was born 19 May 1908 in Mobile, Alabama to parents Ida Dickens and Matthew Joseph Lawler, Sr. He attended boarding school and college at Spring Hill, a Jesuit school in Mobile. In 1930 he moved to Washington, D.C., and he received law degree in 1935 from Georgetown University. He joined the ranks of the Federal Bureau of Investigation that same year.","As an FBI agent, he received assignments to the Buffalo and Los Angeles field offices in the first few years of his career before returning to Washington in 1937 where he would serve in several different divisions. His work in Washington included the investigation of automobile thefts and kidnappings, as well as intelligence operations. He also recounts in the collection's oral history that, for a time, he was an administrative assistant to J. Edgar Hoover. In 1939, Lawler was appointed Special Agent in Charge of the Richmond field office, but in August of the following year, he was called back to Washington to assist with the organization of the agency's Special Intelligence Service. Lawler was assigned to the Special Agent in Charge post in Richmond once again in 1942, a position he would hold until his retirement in 1950. Lawler and his wife, who met and married in Richmond, had two daughters and two sons before their divorce in the mid-sixties.","Following his retirement from the Bureau, Lawler established a private legal practice and was engaged by the Union Life Insurance Company, later renamed the Interstate Mutual Fire Insurance Company, as a vice-president and general counsel. At the same time, Lawler also took on work for the newly created Central Intelligence Agency, organizing the Richmond-based Old Dominion Research Company, an entity used by the CIA for agent support and training.","Lawler was also an active member of the Richmond political scene. He served as a member of the Richmond City Council from 1956 to 1960, starting out by filling six months of Ed Haddock's unexpired term and was subsequently elected to two more terms. Other community roles he took on included serving as an alternate director of civil defense and as chairman of the city's Personnel Board, as well as holding seats on law enforcement advisory boards for the city and state. Lawler was also a dedicated member of the city's exclusive Commonwealth Club, particularly in his later years.","On 31 December 1982, Lawler was found dead in his Riverside Drive home at the age of 74. Four young people had broken into Lawler's home, robbed him, and beaten him to death. John Ballard, was found guilty of the murder, and the other three were convicted on related charges."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBox/folder, John Edward Lawler papers, 1924-1974, Collection # M 148, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Box/folder, John Edward Lawler papers, 1924-1974, Collection # M 148, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the collection consists of materials created or acquired by John Edward Lawler in the course of his professional life. The papers contain material for potential research in law enforcement, counter-espionage and intelligence, labor relations, law enforcement, and politics of the Richmond area. The papers are particularly rich in the areas of law enforcement and training. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is a great wealth of material from Lawler's career with the Federal Bureau of Investigation in Washington, D.C. and in Richmond. Materials include FBI office memoranda, printed publications, reports, Lawler's lesson plans, manuals, mimeographed training materials issued by the Milwaukee and Washington, D.C. police departments, clippings, and photographs. The content of these materials reflect Lawler's involvement with Bureau investigative and counter-espionage work, as well as anti-Communist activities, including the surveillance of Richmond resident Alice Burke, state secretary of the Communist party. In the original processing of the collection, an attempt was made not only to establish an easily used subject files but also to maintain what remained of Lawler's original file order in the papers. There are numerous mimeographed and printed documents in the series that were preserved because they were maintained in Lawler's working files and were likely used frequently by him for training purposes. Moreover, it was deemed advisable to maintain the FBI publications for the benefit of researchers unable to travel to Washington, D.C., or to long-term government Depository Libraries. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also includes materials documenting Lawler's life after his retirement from the FBI in 1950. The largest grouping of these materials consists of training materials for Virginia law enforcement as well as several files of materials documenting his active role in Richmond politics, particularly his time as a city council member. There is also a file of materials from the Old Dominion Research Company, a CIA entity that Lawler helped to establish in Richmond in the mid-1950s. Also found in the collection are a number of files concerning Lawler's legal practice, including his work as vice-president and general counsel for the Union Life Insurance Company, later renamed the Interstate Mutual Fire Insurance Company, including a group of materials relating to cases before the National Labor Relations Board against the company.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The bulk of the collection consists of materials created or acquired by John Edward Lawler in the course of his professional life. The papers contain material for potential research in law enforcement, counter-espionage and intelligence, labor relations, law enforcement, and politics of the Richmond area. The papers are particularly rich in the areas of law enforcement and training.","There is a great wealth of material from Lawler's career with the Federal Bureau of Investigation in Washington, D.C. and in Richmond. Materials include FBI office memoranda, printed publications, reports, Lawler's lesson plans, manuals, mimeographed training materials issued by the Milwaukee and Washington, D.C. police departments, clippings, and photographs. The content of these materials reflect Lawler's involvement with Bureau investigative and counter-espionage work, as well as anti-Communist activities, including the surveillance of Richmond resident Alice Burke, state secretary of the Communist party. In the original processing of the collection, an attempt was made not only to establish an easily used subject files but also to maintain what remained of Lawler's original file order in the papers. There are numerous mimeographed and printed documents in the series that were preserved because they were maintained in Lawler's working files and were likely used frequently by him for training purposes. Moreover, it was deemed advisable to maintain the FBI publications for the benefit of researchers unable to travel to Washington, D.C., or to long-term government Depository Libraries.","The collection also includes materials documenting Lawler's life after his retirement from the FBI in 1950. The largest grouping of these materials consists of training materials for Virginia law enforcement as well as several files of materials documenting his active role in Richmond politics, particularly his time as a city council member. There is also a file of materials from the Old Dominion Research Company, a CIA entity that Lawler helped to establish in Richmond in the mid-1950s. Also found in the collection are a number of files concerning Lawler's legal practice, including his work as vice-president and general counsel for the Union Life Insurance Company, later renamed the Interstate Mutual Fire Insurance Company, including a group of materials relating to cases before the National Labor Relations Board against the company."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation -- Officials and employees","United States. Central Intelligence Agency -- Officials and employees"],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation -- Officials and employees","United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation -- Officials and employees","United States. Central Intelligence Agency -- Officials and employees","Lawler, John Edward, 1908-1982 -- Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Lawler, John Edward, 1908-1982","Lawler, John Edward, 1908-1982 -- Archives"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation -- Officials and employees","United States. Central Intelligence Agency -- Officials and employees","Lawler, John Edward, 1908-1982","Lawler, John Edward, 1908-1982 -- Archives"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":103,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:40:16.668Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_66_c03_c09"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_66_c03_c10","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Virginia law enforcement training - Rules of evidence, 1937/1950","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_66_c03_c10#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_66_c03_c10","ref_ssm":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_66_c03_c10"],"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_66_c03_c10","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_66","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_66","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_66_c03","parent_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_66_c03","parent_ssim":["John Edward Lawler papers, 1924/1974","Richmond materials, 1937/1970"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_66","vircu_repositories_5_resources_66_c03"],"title_filing_ssi":"Virginia law enforcement training - Rules of evidence","title_ssm":["Virginia law enforcement training - Rules of evidence"],"title_tesim":["Virginia law enforcement training - Rules of evidence"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Virginia law enforcement training - Rules of evidence, 1937/1950"],"text":["Virginia law enforcement training - Rules of evidence, 1937/1950","John Edward Lawler papers, 1924/1974","Richmond materials, 1937/1970","box 17","folder 2-3"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["John Edward Lawler papers, 1924/1974","Richmond materials, 1937/1970"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["John Edward Lawler papers, 1924/1974","Richmond materials, 1937/1970"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1937/1950"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1937-1950"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":92,"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["John Edward Lawler papers, 1924/1974"],"containers_ssim":["box 17","folder 2-3"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"date_range_isim":[1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#9","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:40:16.668Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_66","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_66","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_66","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_66","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_66.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Lawler, John Edward, papers","title_ssm":["John Edward Lawler papers"],"title_tesim":["John Edward Lawler papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1924-1974"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1924-1974"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1924/1974"],"normalized_title_ssm":["John Edward Lawler papers, 1924/1974"],"text":["John Edward Lawler papers, 1924/1974","M 148","/repositories/5/resources/66","Richmond (Va.) -- Politics and government -- 20th century.","Espionage, American -- 20th century.","City council members -- Virginia -- Richmond","Lawyers -- Virginia -- Richmond","Insurance -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Law enforcement -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Collection is open to research.","The collection is organized into four series.","Series 1\n        Personal materials, 1924-1980\n      \n      \n        Series 2\n        FBI materials, 1935-1967\n      \n      \n        Series 3\n        Richmond materials, 1937-1975\n      \n      \n        Series 4\n         Legal Practice, 1944-1975","John Edward Lawler was born 19 May 1908 in Mobile, Alabama to parents Ida Dickens and Matthew Joseph Lawler, Sr. He attended boarding school and college at Spring Hill, a Jesuit school in Mobile. In 1930 he moved to Washington, D.C., and he received law degree in 1935 from Georgetown University. He joined the ranks of the Federal Bureau of Investigation that same year.","As an FBI agent, he received assignments to the Buffalo and Los Angeles field offices in the first few years of his career before returning to Washington in 1937 where he would serve in several different divisions. His work in Washington included the investigation of automobile thefts and kidnappings, as well as intelligence operations. He also recounts in the collection's oral history that, for a time, he was an administrative assistant to J. Edgar Hoover. In 1939, Lawler was appointed Special Agent in Charge of the Richmond field office, but in August of the following year, he was called back to Washington to assist with the organization of the agency's Special Intelligence Service. Lawler was assigned to the Special Agent in Charge post in Richmond once again in 1942, a position he would hold until his retirement in 1950. Lawler and his wife, who met and married in Richmond, had two daughters and two sons before their divorce in the mid-sixties.","Following his retirement from the Bureau, Lawler established a private legal practice and was engaged by the Union Life Insurance Company, later renamed the Interstate Mutual Fire Insurance Company, as a vice-president and general counsel. At the same time, Lawler also took on work for the newly created Central Intelligence Agency, organizing the Richmond-based Old Dominion Research Company, an entity used by the CIA for agent support and training.","Lawler was also an active member of the Richmond political scene. He served as a member of the Richmond City Council from 1956 to 1960, starting out by filling six months of Ed Haddock's unexpired term and was subsequently elected to two more terms. Other community roles he took on included serving as an alternate director of civil defense and as chairman of the city's Personnel Board, as well as holding seats on law enforcement advisory boards for the city and state. Lawler was also a dedicated member of the city's exclusive Commonwealth Club, particularly in his later years.","On 31 December 1982, Lawler was found dead in his Riverside Drive home at the age of 74. Four young people had broken into Lawler's home, robbed him, and beaten him to death. John Ballard, was found guilty of the murder, and the other three were convicted on related charges.","The bulk of the collection consists of materials created or acquired by John Edward Lawler in the course of his professional life. The papers contain material for potential research in law enforcement, counter-espionage and intelligence, labor relations, law enforcement, and politics of the Richmond area. The papers are particularly rich in the areas of law enforcement and training.","There is a great wealth of material from Lawler's career with the Federal Bureau of Investigation in Washington, D.C. and in Richmond. Materials include FBI office memoranda, printed publications, reports, Lawler's lesson plans, manuals, mimeographed training materials issued by the Milwaukee and Washington, D.C. police departments, clippings, and photographs. The content of these materials reflect Lawler's involvement with Bureau investigative and counter-espionage work, as well as anti-Communist activities, including the surveillance of Richmond resident Alice Burke, state secretary of the Communist party. In the original processing of the collection, an attempt was made not only to establish an easily used subject files but also to maintain what remained of Lawler's original file order in the papers. There are numerous mimeographed and printed documents in the series that were preserved because they were maintained in Lawler's working files and were likely used frequently by him for training purposes. Moreover, it was deemed advisable to maintain the FBI publications for the benefit of researchers unable to travel to Washington, D.C., or to long-term government Depository Libraries.","The collection also includes materials documenting Lawler's life after his retirement from the FBI in 1950. The largest grouping of these materials consists of training materials for Virginia law enforcement as well as several files of materials documenting his active role in Richmond politics, particularly his time as a city council member. There is also a file of materials from the Old Dominion Research Company, a CIA entity that Lawler helped to establish in Richmond in the mid-1950s. Also found in the collection are a number of files concerning Lawler's legal practice, including his work as vice-president and general counsel for the Union Life Insurance Company, later renamed the Interstate Mutual Fire Insurance Company, including a group of materials relating to cases before the National Labor Relations Board against the company.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation -- Officials and employees","United States. Central Intelligence Agency -- Officials and employees","Lawler, John Edward, 1908-1982","Lawler, John Edward, 1908-1982 -- Archives","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["John Edward Lawler papers, 1924/1974"],"collection_ssim":["John Edward Lawler papers, 1924/1974"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 148","/repositories/5/resources/66"],"unitid_tesim":["M 148","/repositories/5/resources/66"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Richmond (Va.) -- Politics and government -- 20th century."],"geogname_ssim":["Richmond (Va.) -- Politics and government -- 20th century."],"places_ssim":["Richmond (Va.) -- Politics and government -- 20th century."],"creator_ssm":["Lawler, John Edward, 1908-1982"],"creator_ssim":["Lawler, John Edward, 1908-1982"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Lawler, John Edward, 1908-1982","Lawler, John Edward, 1908-1982 -- Archives"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation -- Officials and employees","United States. Central Intelligence Agency -- Officials and employees"],"creators_ssim":["Lawler, John Edward, 1908-1982","Lawler, John Edward, 1908-1982 -- Archives","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation -- Officials and employees","United States. Central Intelligence Agency -- Officials and employees"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Espionage, American -- 20th century.","City council members -- Virginia -- Richmond","Lawyers -- Virginia -- Richmond","Insurance -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Law enforcement -- Virginia -- Richmond."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Espionage, American -- 20th century.","City council members -- Virginia -- Richmond","Lawyers -- Virginia -- Richmond","Insurance -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Law enforcement -- Virginia -- Richmond."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["7.56 Linear Feet 18 document cases"],"extent_tesim":["7.56 Linear Feet 18 document cases"],"date_range_isim":[1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into four series.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 1\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003ePersonal materials, 1924-1980\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 2\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eFBI materials, 1935-1967\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 3\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eRichmond materials, 1937-1975\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 4\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e Legal Practice, 1944-1975\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into four series.","Series 1\n        Personal materials, 1924-1980\n      \n      \n        Series 2\n        FBI materials, 1935-1967\n      \n      \n        Series 3\n        Richmond materials, 1937-1975\n      \n      \n        Series 4\n         Legal Practice, 1944-1975"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn Edward Lawler was born 19 May 1908 in Mobile, Alabama to parents Ida Dickens and Matthew Joseph Lawler, Sr. He attended boarding school and college at Spring Hill, a Jesuit school in Mobile. In 1930 he moved to Washington, D.C., and he received law degree in 1935 from Georgetown University. He joined the ranks of the Federal Bureau of Investigation that same year. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAs an FBI agent, he received assignments to the Buffalo and Los Angeles field offices in the first few years of his career before returning to Washington in 1937 where he would serve in several different divisions. His work in Washington included the investigation of automobile thefts and kidnappings, as well as intelligence operations. He also recounts in the collection's oral history that, for a time, he was an administrative assistant to J. Edgar Hoover. In 1939, Lawler was appointed Special Agent in Charge of the Richmond field office, but in August of the following year, he was called back to Washington to assist with the organization of the agency's Special Intelligence Service. Lawler was assigned to the Special Agent in Charge post in Richmond once again in 1942, a position he would hold until his retirement in 1950. Lawler and his wife, who met and married in Richmond, had two daughters and two sons before their divorce in the mid-sixties.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFollowing his retirement from the Bureau, Lawler established a private legal practice and was engaged by the Union Life Insurance Company, later renamed the Interstate Mutual Fire Insurance Company, as a vice-president and general counsel. At the same time, Lawler also took on work for the newly created Central Intelligence Agency, organizing the Richmond-based Old Dominion Research Company, an entity used by the CIA for agent support and training.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLawler was also an active member of the Richmond political scene. He served as a member of the Richmond City Council from 1956 to 1960, starting out by filling six months of Ed Haddock's unexpired term and was subsequently elected to two more terms. Other community roles he took on included serving as an alternate director of civil defense and as chairman of the city's Personnel Board, as well as holding seats on law enforcement advisory boards for the city and state. Lawler was also a dedicated member of the city's exclusive Commonwealth Club, particularly in his later years. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn 31 December 1982, Lawler was found dead in his Riverside Drive home at the age of 74. Four young people had broken into Lawler's home, robbed him, and beaten him to death. John Ballard, was found guilty of the murder, and the other three were convicted on related charges.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["John Edward Lawler was born 19 May 1908 in Mobile, Alabama to parents Ida Dickens and Matthew Joseph Lawler, Sr. He attended boarding school and college at Spring Hill, a Jesuit school in Mobile. In 1930 he moved to Washington, D.C., and he received law degree in 1935 from Georgetown University. He joined the ranks of the Federal Bureau of Investigation that same year.","As an FBI agent, he received assignments to the Buffalo and Los Angeles field offices in the first few years of his career before returning to Washington in 1937 where he would serve in several different divisions. His work in Washington included the investigation of automobile thefts and kidnappings, as well as intelligence operations. He also recounts in the collection's oral history that, for a time, he was an administrative assistant to J. Edgar Hoover. In 1939, Lawler was appointed Special Agent in Charge of the Richmond field office, but in August of the following year, he was called back to Washington to assist with the organization of the agency's Special Intelligence Service. Lawler was assigned to the Special Agent in Charge post in Richmond once again in 1942, a position he would hold until his retirement in 1950. Lawler and his wife, who met and married in Richmond, had two daughters and two sons before their divorce in the mid-sixties.","Following his retirement from the Bureau, Lawler established a private legal practice and was engaged by the Union Life Insurance Company, later renamed the Interstate Mutual Fire Insurance Company, as a vice-president and general counsel. At the same time, Lawler also took on work for the newly created Central Intelligence Agency, organizing the Richmond-based Old Dominion Research Company, an entity used by the CIA for agent support and training.","Lawler was also an active member of the Richmond political scene. He served as a member of the Richmond City Council from 1956 to 1960, starting out by filling six months of Ed Haddock's unexpired term and was subsequently elected to two more terms. Other community roles he took on included serving as an alternate director of civil defense and as chairman of the city's Personnel Board, as well as holding seats on law enforcement advisory boards for the city and state. Lawler was also a dedicated member of the city's exclusive Commonwealth Club, particularly in his later years.","On 31 December 1982, Lawler was found dead in his Riverside Drive home at the age of 74. Four young people had broken into Lawler's home, robbed him, and beaten him to death. John Ballard, was found guilty of the murder, and the other three were convicted on related charges."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBox/folder, John Edward Lawler papers, 1924-1974, Collection # M 148, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Box/folder, John Edward Lawler papers, 1924-1974, Collection # M 148, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the collection consists of materials created or acquired by John Edward Lawler in the course of his professional life. The papers contain material for potential research in law enforcement, counter-espionage and intelligence, labor relations, law enforcement, and politics of the Richmond area. The papers are particularly rich in the areas of law enforcement and training. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is a great wealth of material from Lawler's career with the Federal Bureau of Investigation in Washington, D.C. and in Richmond. Materials include FBI office memoranda, printed publications, reports, Lawler's lesson plans, manuals, mimeographed training materials issued by the Milwaukee and Washington, D.C. police departments, clippings, and photographs. The content of these materials reflect Lawler's involvement with Bureau investigative and counter-espionage work, as well as anti-Communist activities, including the surveillance of Richmond resident Alice Burke, state secretary of the Communist party. In the original processing of the collection, an attempt was made not only to establish an easily used subject files but also to maintain what remained of Lawler's original file order in the papers. There are numerous mimeographed and printed documents in the series that were preserved because they were maintained in Lawler's working files and were likely used frequently by him for training purposes. Moreover, it was deemed advisable to maintain the FBI publications for the benefit of researchers unable to travel to Washington, D.C., or to long-term government Depository Libraries. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also includes materials documenting Lawler's life after his retirement from the FBI in 1950. The largest grouping of these materials consists of training materials for Virginia law enforcement as well as several files of materials documenting his active role in Richmond politics, particularly his time as a city council member. There is also a file of materials from the Old Dominion Research Company, a CIA entity that Lawler helped to establish in Richmond in the mid-1950s. Also found in the collection are a number of files concerning Lawler's legal practice, including his work as vice-president and general counsel for the Union Life Insurance Company, later renamed the Interstate Mutual Fire Insurance Company, including a group of materials relating to cases before the National Labor Relations Board against the company.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The bulk of the collection consists of materials created or acquired by John Edward Lawler in the course of his professional life. The papers contain material for potential research in law enforcement, counter-espionage and intelligence, labor relations, law enforcement, and politics of the Richmond area. The papers are particularly rich in the areas of law enforcement and training.","There is a great wealth of material from Lawler's career with the Federal Bureau of Investigation in Washington, D.C. and in Richmond. Materials include FBI office memoranda, printed publications, reports, Lawler's lesson plans, manuals, mimeographed training materials issued by the Milwaukee and Washington, D.C. police departments, clippings, and photographs. The content of these materials reflect Lawler's involvement with Bureau investigative and counter-espionage work, as well as anti-Communist activities, including the surveillance of Richmond resident Alice Burke, state secretary of the Communist party. In the original processing of the collection, an attempt was made not only to establish an easily used subject files but also to maintain what remained of Lawler's original file order in the papers. There are numerous mimeographed and printed documents in the series that were preserved because they were maintained in Lawler's working files and were likely used frequently by him for training purposes. Moreover, it was deemed advisable to maintain the FBI publications for the benefit of researchers unable to travel to Washington, D.C., or to long-term government Depository Libraries.","The collection also includes materials documenting Lawler's life after his retirement from the FBI in 1950. The largest grouping of these materials consists of training materials for Virginia law enforcement as well as several files of materials documenting his active role in Richmond politics, particularly his time as a city council member. There is also a file of materials from the Old Dominion Research Company, a CIA entity that Lawler helped to establish in Richmond in the mid-1950s. Also found in the collection are a number of files concerning Lawler's legal practice, including his work as vice-president and general counsel for the Union Life Insurance Company, later renamed the Interstate Mutual Fire Insurance Company, including a group of materials relating to cases before the National Labor Relations Board against the company."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation -- Officials and employees","United States. Central Intelligence Agency -- Officials and employees"],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation -- Officials and employees","United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation -- Officials and employees","United States. 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While some of the material in the collection was found in the department unidentified, other portions were purchased in 1984 and 1996."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":10,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:40:16.668Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_649"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_127","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Virginia Municipal League records, 1925/1989","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_127#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Virginia Municipal League","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_127#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains papers held by the VML. 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These papers deal with the issues that are of concern to any municipality. A few examples are public safety, waste water regulations, annexation issues, drug dependency and programs, etc. The main bulk seems to be information dealing with Virginia municipalities complying to federal and state regulations. The collection includes reports, bulletins, publications and legal documents. In addition, the library also receives the VML publication, Town and County; for more up-to-date information.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains papers held by the VML. These papers deal with the issues that are of concern to any municipality. A few examples are public safety, waste water regulations, annexation issues, drug dependency and programs, etc. The main bulk seems to be information dealing with Virginia municipalities complying to federal and state regulations. The collection includes reports, bulletins, publications and legal documents. In addition, the library also receives the VML publication, Town and County; for more up-to-date information."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRestricted\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Terms Governing Use and Reproduction"],"userestrict_tesim":["Restricted"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Virginia Municipal League","League of Virginia Municipalities","Virginia Municipal League -- Archives","League of Virginia Municipalities -- Archives"],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia Municipal League","Virginia Municipal League -- Archives","League of Virginia Municipalities -- Archives"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Virginia Municipal League","League of Virginia Municipalities","Virginia Municipal League -- Archives","League of Virginia Municipalities -- Archives"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":747,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:40:02.399Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_127"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c14_c08_c07_c05","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, 1947/1969","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c14_c08_c07_c05#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c14_c08_c07_c05","ref_ssm":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c14_c08_c07_c05"],"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c14_c08_c07_c05","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c14_c08_c07","parent_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c14_c08_c07","parent_ssim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers, 1849/1978","Series XIV: Art, 1850/1971","Subseries H: Printed Materials, 1901/1969","Exhibition Announcements and Bulletins"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c14","vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c14_c08","vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c14_c08_c07"],"title_filing_ssi":"Virginia Museum of Fine Arts,","title_ssm":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"title_tesim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, 1947/1969"],"text":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, 1947/1969","Adele Goodman Clark papers, 1849/1978","Series XIV: Art, 1850/1971","Subseries H: Printed Materials, 1901/1969","Exhibition Announcements and Bulletins","box 185"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Adele Goodman Clark papers, 1849/1978","Series XIV: Art, 1850/1971","Subseries H: Printed Materials, 1901/1969","Exhibition Announcements and Bulletins"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers, 1849/1978","Series XIV: Art, 1850/1971","Subseries H: Printed Materials, 1901/1969","Exhibition Announcements and Bulletins"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1947/1969"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1947-1969"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[4],"sort_isi":2798,"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers, 1849/1978"],"containers_ssim":["box 185"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"date_range_isim":[1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969],"_nest_path_":"/components#13/components#7/components#6/components#4","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:40:08.594Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_279.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Clark, Adele Goodman, papers","title_ssm":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"title_tesim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1849-1978"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1849-1978"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1849/1978"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Adele Goodman Clark papers, 1849/1978"],"text":["Adele Goodman Clark papers, 1849/1978","M 9","/repositories/5/resources/279","Women -- Suffrage -- Virginia -- Richmond","Art -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond","Collection is open to research.","Series I--Correspondence and Family Materials (n.d., 1849-1971) ; Series II--Business/Civic Organization Correspondence (n.d., 1903-1971) ; Series III--Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV) (n.d., 1892-1926) ; Series IV: Richmond League of Women Voters (n.d., 1920- 1978) ; Series V--Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) (n.d., 1915-1967) ; Series VI--The League of Women Voters of Virginia (n.d., 1945-1970) ; Series VII--The National League of Women Voters (n.d., 1919-1947) ; Series VIII--League of Women Voters (n.d., 1946-1976) ; Series IX--Commission on Simplification of State and Local Government (n.d., 1921- 1927) ; Series X--Liberal Arts College for Women Commission (n.d., 1918-1938) ; Series XI--National Reemployment Service (n.d., 1925-1938) ; Series XII--Lila Meade Valentine memorial Association (n.d., 1921-1936) ; Series XIII--Religious Materials ; Series XIV--Art (n.d., 1850-1971) ; Series XV--Ephemera and Photographs (n.d., ca. 1850 - ca. 1970)","A founding member of the Virginia suffrage movement and a prominent supporter of the arts in Virginia, Adèle Goodman Clark (1882-1983) exemplified the influential role civically active women played in the major social reform movements of the twentieth century. Calling politics and art her \"creative spirits\", Clark was involved in a number of reform initiatives throughout her century of life that championed the rights of women and promoted the arts.","The second oldest daughter of Robert Clark (1832?-1906) and Estelle Goodman Clark (1847-1937), Adèle was born in Montgomery, Alabama on September 27, 1882. Before moving permanently to Richmond, the Clark family lived in New Orleans, LA, as well as the small town of Pass Christian, MS. It was in a one room school house in the latter town that Adèle developed a fondness for the arts. After her family moved to Richmond in 1894, Adèle enrolled in the Virginia Randolph Ellett School (now St. Catherine's). Adèle also studied art with Lilly M. Logan, who ran the art school at the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906 she was awarded a scholarship to the New York School of Fine and Applied Arts (the Chase School of Art), where she studied under Kenneth Hays Miller, Douglas Cannal, William M. Chase, and Robert Henri, leader of the \"Ash Can\" school of painting. Upon her return to Richmond, Clark began a teaching career at the Art Club of Richmond. It was here that Adèle began her long association and friendship with acclaimed Virginia artist, Nora Houston. When the Art Club of Richmond was dissolved in 1917, the women went on to establish The Atelier. Under their direction this private art studio, located adjacent to Clark's Chamberlayne Avenue residence, became a training ground for such noted Virginia artists as Edmund Archer, Eleanor Fry and Theresa Pollack (founder of the VCU School of the Arts). Two years later they founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, where they both held the title of artistic director. During this period, they participated in a fundraising campaign for the resurrection of the old Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. Their goal became a reality in 1930 when the new Richmond Academy of Arts, forerunner to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, was established on Capitol Street.*","Clark's interest in the suffrage movement began in 1909 when she was asked by novelist Ellen Glasgow to sign a petition calling for Virginia women to gain voting privileges. On November 27th of that year Clark, along with eighteen other civic-minded women, held a preliminary meeting to discuss the establishment of a state-wide suffrage organization. At this first meeting of what would become the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, Clark was elected secretary, a position she held for one year. She later helped direct legislative initiatives, organized suffrage rallies and went on speaking tours that helped establish new League chapters throughout the state. Clark also served for several years as chair of the ratification committee and head of the Equal Suffrage League lobby to the Virginia General Assembly.","After passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 (which was ratified by Virginia in 1952), the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia was transformed into the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV). For nearly two decades Clark played a major role in the VLWV.","Selected as the VLWV's first chair in 1920, Clark became president one year later. She held this position for eighteen years (nonconsecutively). Her work in the VLWV involved constant study of legislation involving social issues and governmental efficiency and administration. In 1924, Clark was elected to the board of the National League of Women Voters (NLWV) as Director of the Third Region. The region included Washington, D.C., Virginia, and six other southern states. The following year she was elected Second Vice President of the NLWV, in which capacity she served until the Spring of 1928. During that period Clark traveled to conventions in twenty-four states on speaking tours. Along with other officers of the NLWV she helped resolve league organizational problems.","In addition to her work for the VLWV and NLWV, Clark also served on two important state government commissions. In 1922, Governor E. Lee Trinkle appointed her to the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government, on which she served for two years as secretary of the Commission. In addition to performing the editorial and clerical work of the Commission, Clark also authored several of the chapters of the Commission's final report (January 1924) to the Virginia General Assembly. Four years later, Governor Harry F. Byrd, Jr. appointed Clark to the Liberal Arts College for Women Commission, on which she also served as secretary. The nine member Commission studied the feasibility of establishing a new liberal arts college for women in Virginia. The second report of the Commission (January 1930), which contained the \"set-up\" of the proposed college [now Mary Washington College?], was the product of research conducted by Clark with the assistance of Commission advisors.","Clark's strong commitment to higher education was exemplified in several other ways. From March - September, 1926, she served as the Social Director of women students at the College of William and Mary. She was also instrumental in the establishment of citizenship courses for women through the University of Virginia's Extension Division. The courses were designed to educate women about the intricacies of governmental institutions.","During the New Deal era, Clark distinguished herself in two important agencies. In 1933, she was selected as a field supervisor for the National Reemployment Service (NRS). Along with the state reemployment director and other field staff, she assisted in the organization of local reemployment offices throughout Virginia. After stepping down as field supervisor for the NRS, Clark became the Virginia Arts Project Director of the Work Projects Administration (WPA). This particular branch of the WPA was created to provide employment opportunities for artists in Virginia. In addition to producing murals for public buildings, artists employed by the WPA executed hundreds of paintings that were then distributed to local and state tax-supported institutions for display. One major accomplishment during Clark's tenure at the WPA was the establishment of new art galleries, such as the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap.","In the later years of her life, Adèle Clark remained active in the Richmond community. After converting to Roman Catholicism in 1942, Clark utilized her political experience as a member of the Richmond Diocesan Council of Catholic Women (RDCCW). From 1949 to 1959 she served as the chair of the RDCCW's Legislative Committee. Clark also continued to speak out against a number of issues affecting women, such as the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment and abortion.","Clark remained an active supporter of the Richmond art community. From 1941 to 1964 she was a member of the Virginia Arts Commission. The Commission helped to produce many of the murals and portraits displayed in state government buildings that depict the history of Virginia. Moreover, Clark's dedication to the teaching of art did not wane in these later years. She taught art to both the young and old in hospitals, schools and church classrooms. She also continued to enjoy creating her own artworks. Clark's paintings, mostly portraits and landscapes, have been exhibited in several states. One of her paintings, \"The Cherry Tree\", is in the permanent collection of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.","Clark had a unique perspective on the influence of art on her political ideology. She once stated, \"I've always tried to combine my interest in art with my interest in government. I think we ought to have more of the creative and imaginative in politics.\"","Adèle Clark died at the age of 100 on June 5, 1983.","[Information from newspaper accounts and the Adèle Goodman Clark Papers.]","The Adèle Goodman Clark papers document the life and activities of Miss Clark (1882-1983) throughout her adult life, as well as those of her closest friends and relatives. Miss Clark was a member of a small group of civically active Richmond women whose names appear throughout the collection. Of particular note are members of Clark's family, Edith Clark Cowles, Willoughby Ions, and friends Roberta Wellford, Lila Meade Valentine, Lucy Randolph Mason, Ida Mae Thompson, Eudora W. Ramsay Richardson, Nora Houston and Josephine Houston. A list and chart describing the family relationships follows the Series Description and Arrangement, which specifically details the arrangement of the collection and highlights areas of particular significance within each series.","The collection is comprised of five major components, each with its own depth of coverage, usually dependent upon the length of Clark's involvement. The first major component of the collection contains materials pertaining to the Clark and Houston families with their multiple activities, responsibilities and affiliations. The documents in this section include the personal correspondence of Adèle Clark, Nora Houston, and members of both the Clark and Houston families. Correspondence from Estelle Goodman Clark, Cely \"Nainaine\" Ions, and Estelle Adèle Goodman","Willoughby Ions provide a richly detailed account of the more significant events within the Clark-Ions family. Also included is personal, business, and legal correspondence between members of the Goodman family, predating the Civil War, and personal correspondence to Clark and Nora Houston from close friends and associates such as Cornelia Adair, T. Bowyer Campbell, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon and Roberta Wellford. Additional family information is provided by legal and real estate correspondence, biographical sketches, family and genealogical histories, composition books, diaries, journals, and poetry by various members of the Clark and Houston families. Some items of significance include handwritten memoranda and notes, poems, short stories and other fictional material written by Adèle Clark during her lifetime. The Virginia Historical Society holds additional Clark family materials (see Appendices).","The collection also includes correspondence from businesses and civic organizations with which Clark, Edith Clark Cowles, and the Dooley/Houston family were affiliated during their lifetimes. A list of the more significant organizations includes the Virginia Society for Crippled Children and Handicapped Adults, Commission of Inter-Racial (or Interracial) Cooperation, Woodrow Wilson Foundation, National Consumers League, and Social Science Research Council-Committee on Public Administration. There is also correspondence from prominent local and state government officials that further document the political activities and biases of these women. Brochures, memoranda and publications from these organizations are scattered throughout the collection.","While the family correspondence provides information about Clark's early years, the greatest significance of the collection lies in its documentation of the activities of the suffrage movement, both locally and nationally. The collection is particularly strong in its representation of correspondence, reports, memoranda and publications reflecting the sentiments and political positions of both the pro- and anti- suffrage movement from 1913 until the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. A large portion of this segment also documents the actions of the post-suffragists in their work through the national, state and local chapters of the League of Women Voters (LWV). Clark's considerable role of participation in the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) in the first two decades of the organization provides an abundant amount of material chronicling the many social and political issues in which local and national LWV members were engaged. Although the documentation of the activities of the LWV continues well into the 1970s, the collection is not as strong for the later years as it is for the earlier period.","The suffrage materials, the second and largest component in the collection, are composed of documentation of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV), Richmond League of Women Voters, the VLWV, and the reorganized League of Women Voters of Virginia (LWVV). The ESLV materials includes correspondence, committee and financial memoranda, convention material, notes, reports and miscellaneous literature. There is a large quantity of outgoing correspondence created by the corresponding secretaries of the ESLV which pertains to the efforts of organizing local suffrage chapters throughout the state and between officers of the ESLV, state and national government officials. Also included is correspondence between ESLV President, Lila Meade Valentine, and women of significance within the suffrage movement including Carrie Chapman Catt, Anna Howard Shaw, Maud Wood Park and Kate Gordon. While there is a substantial amount of correspondence generated by the central office of the ESLV, between 1909-1912 there are some major gaps. A portion of this documentation for the early history of the ESLV can be found at the Library of Virginia (see Appendices). Throughout its eleven year existence, the ESLV compiled an enormous amount of literature on the suffrage movement published by the National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA), and other organizations. Materials generated by the movement and represented in this portion of the collection include petitions, photographs, enrollment cards, posters, suffrage maps, sashes and other ephemeral items. Additional publications have not been indexed but are available for research.","The bulk of the materials of the remaining suffrage organizations represented in the collection fall within a fourteen year time frame, 1920-1934, and includes President/Executive Secretary correspondence, bulletins, circulars, committee memoranda, and financial statements as well as records relating to the Virginia Cookery Book, the Governor's Ball and the citizenship courses sponsored by the VLWV. Clark also corresponded with the President of the NLWV and other officers in the national organization. The significant correspondents include Maud Wood Park, Belle Sherwin, Katherine Ludington, and Gertrude Ely. Incoming correspondence from prominent Virginia women such as Faith Morgan, Roberta Wellford, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon, Kate Waller Barrett, Mrs. John L. Lewis of Lynchburg, Mrs. John H. Lewis of Ashland, and Mrs C.E. [Jessie] Townsend of Norfolk can be found in both the President/Executive Correspondence files and the Board of Directors/Executive Committee/Standing Committees file of the VLWV.","The records of the VLWV document in great detail the legislative agenda over a fourteen year period. The VLWV materials contain correspondence, circulars, memoranda questionnaires and reports pertaining to the Children's Code Commission, Virginia Women's Council Legislative Chairman of State Organizations and other major committees of the VLWV; revealing which major pieces of legislation were of utmost concern to Clark and the VLWV. Like its predecessor, the VLWV collected a wide variety of literature from state, national and international organizations which championed a spectrum of causes of interest to Clark and her associates. These organizations include the League of Nations Association, National Council for the Prevention of War, National Women's Trade Union League of America, and Southern Council of Women and Children in Industry.","Documentation of the NLWV (1920-1945) and the later reorganized League of Woman Voters of Virginia (1946-presents) includes correspondence and memoranda produced by Clark as Second Vice President in charge of Legislation and Law Enforcement and Third Regional Director for the NLWV. In addition to correspondence, memoranda, minutes, notes and reports there are materials detailing her involvement in nationally sponsored speaking tours throughout several regions of the United States. Items from the national office consist of mimeographed Adèle Goodman Clark correspondence and memoranda, reports, press releases and various publications created by the major standing committees and departments of the NLWV. Clark's activity in both the state and national leagues diminished to a great extent after 1934. Records of the latter local, state and national organizations primarily consists of bulletins, newsletters, and other literature published and distributed by the organizations.","Clark was very involved in the commemoration of the contributions of Lila Meade Valentine to the suffrage movement. The collection contains the organizational records of the Lila Meade Valentine Memorial Association (1921-1937), which was established to raise money for a memorial tablet dedicated to Mrs. Valentine to be placed in the Capitol Building in Richmond. Much of the material consists of correspondence and memoranda between the association's chairperson, Adèle Clark and the individuals who contributed to the memorial fund. There is also correspondence between Clark and the sculptor chosen to produce the memorial tablet. Other material includes financial data, contributors lists, minutes, notes and reports documenting the association's fundraising activities.","The collection of materials related to state and national politics comprises the third major section of the Clark Papers. These materials include correspondence, memoranda, minutes, reports, statistical data, and literature generated by or related to the work of the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government (1921-1927) and the Liberal Arts College Commission (1918, 1929-1933). Material pertaining to both of these government commissions highlight the research and information gathering work undertaken by Clark and the members of these commissions before presentation of the final reports to the Virginia General Assembly. The collection also contains the annotated drafts and proofs of the reports in various stages of development. Correspondence, notes, reports and travel vouchers highlight Clark's duties as a NRS Field Supervisor and her involvement with the National Reemployment Service (1925-1937). Correspondence between Clark and the State Reemployment Director reveal the types of reemployment projects in which the NRS was actively engaged throughout the state. In addition, correspondence between Clark and other field staff demonstrate the extent to which Clark participated in managing local reemployment offices during her tenure with the NRS. Published reports, speeches, manuals, newspaper clippings and other ephemeral materials are also included.","The fourth area of interest of Adèle's, as reflected in the collection, was religion. Included here are the organizational records and personal items documenting the religious activities of Clark, Nora Houston, and several members of the Houston family. It should be noted that Clark was baptized and confirmed in the Episcopal Church and later became a devout Roman Catholic after Nora Houston's death in 1942. Included is correspondence between both women and various religious organizations, church leaflets, pamphlets and prayerbooks, periodicals and other items of a religious nature. Some of the organizations with which Clark and Houston corresponded include the Catholic Woman's Club, National Council of Catholic Women, National Conference on Christians and Jews, and Catholic Daughters of America. Beth Ahabah Museum and Archives holds other materials of a religious nature relating to the Goodman family.","The final component of the collection, second in size only to that of the suffrage and voting rights material, is that of art, particularly art in Virginia. An artist by training, Adèle Clark worked ceaselessly for increased public awareness of the traditions and richness of art within the Commonwealth. To this end, the collection documents the contributions of Clark and her colleagues in the following endeavors: the Art Club of Richmond, Atelier, Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, Richmond Academy of Arts, Virginia Arts Commission, and Works Project Administration-Federal Arts Project. In addition to containing the correspondence relating to the operations of these organizations, the records also contain memoranda, minutes and reports of committees, and materials on exhibitions sponsored by these organizations. Of particular significance are the records of the Academy Committee of the Art Club that document the committee's role in attempting to resurrect the arts academy. Materials relating to the WPA and the Virginia Arts Commission emphasize Clark's substantial role in making the public a more active player in the promotion of the arts. Clark's monthly and narrative reports on several WPA art galleries, as well as data on the Index of American Design, provide a detailed account of the variety of art projects the WPA underwrote in Virginia.","The collection also contains a range of art and art school publications, art supply advertisements, catalogs, exhibition bulletins and notices from local and national art institutions. A small number of drawings, sketches and miscellaneous artwork created by Adèle Clark, Nora Houston and other artists are also represented. Some of the more notable pieces include Clark's original lithograph \"Richmond Market at Christmas\", copies of Nora Houston's house sketches and artwork produced by children of various ages. Lastly there are numerous kinds of illustrations and reproductions that Clark and Houston utilized in their art classes.","Significant portions of the collection are in fragile condition, particularly newspaper clippings and photographs. Reference copies of the photographs are available for use. A large portion of the clippings have been photocopied and the process will continue as time and staff permit.","Special Collections has also purchased suffrage and related materials. Please ask a staffmember for information about these supporting items.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers, 1849/1978"],"collection_ssim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers, 1849/1978"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 9","/repositories/5/resources/279"],"unitid_tesim":["M 9","/repositories/5/resources/279"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"creator_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives"],"creators_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women -- Suffrage -- Virginia -- Richmond","Art -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women -- Suffrage -- Virginia -- Richmond","Art -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["128 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["128 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Restrictions on Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I--Correspondence and Family Materials (n.d., 1849-1971) ; Series II--Business/Civic Organization Correspondence (n.d., 1903-1971) ; Series III--Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV) (n.d., 1892-1926) ; Series IV: Richmond League of Women Voters (n.d., 1920- 1978) ; Series V--Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) (n.d., 1915-1967) ; Series VI--The League of Women Voters of Virginia (n.d., 1945-1970) ; Series VII--The National League of Women Voters (n.d., 1919-1947) ; Series VIII--League of Women Voters (n.d., 1946-1976) ; Series IX--Commission on Simplification of State and Local Government (n.d., 1921- 1927) ; Series X--Liberal Arts College for Women Commission (n.d., 1918-1938) ; Series XI--National Reemployment Service (n.d., 1925-1938) ; Series XII--Lila Meade Valentine memorial Association (n.d., 1921-1936) ; Series XIII--Religious Materials ; Series XIV--Art (n.d., 1850-1971) ; Series XV--Ephemera and Photographs (n.d., ca. 1850 - ca. 1970)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series I--Correspondence and Family Materials (n.d., 1849-1971) ; Series II--Business/Civic Organization Correspondence (n.d., 1903-1971) ; Series III--Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV) (n.d., 1892-1926) ; Series IV: Richmond League of Women Voters (n.d., 1920- 1978) ; Series V--Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) (n.d., 1915-1967) ; Series VI--The League of Women Voters of Virginia (n.d., 1945-1970) ; Series VII--The National League of Women Voters (n.d., 1919-1947) ; Series VIII--League of Women Voters (n.d., 1946-1976) ; Series IX--Commission on Simplification of State and Local Government (n.d., 1921- 1927) ; Series X--Liberal Arts College for Women Commission (n.d., 1918-1938) ; Series XI--National Reemployment Service (n.d., 1925-1938) ; Series XII--Lila Meade Valentine memorial Association (n.d., 1921-1936) ; Series XIII--Religious Materials ; Series XIV--Art (n.d., 1850-1971) ; Series XV--Ephemera and Photographs (n.d., ca. 1850 - ca. 1970)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA founding member of the Virginia suffrage movement and a prominent supporter of the arts in Virginia, Adèle Goodman Clark (1882-1983) exemplified the influential role civically active women played in the major social reform movements of the twentieth century. Calling politics and art her \"creative spirits\", Clark was involved in a number of reform initiatives throughout her century of life that championed the rights of women and promoted the arts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe second oldest daughter of Robert Clark (1832?-1906) and Estelle Goodman Clark (1847-1937), Adèle was born in Montgomery, Alabama on September 27, 1882. Before moving permanently to Richmond, the Clark family lived in New Orleans, LA, as well as the small town of Pass Christian, MS. It was in a one room school house in the latter town that Adèle developed a fondness for the arts. After her family moved to Richmond in 1894, Adèle enrolled in the Virginia Randolph Ellett School (now St. Catherine's). Adèle also studied art with Lilly M. Logan, who ran the art school at the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906 she was awarded a scholarship to the New York School of Fine and Applied Arts (the Chase School of Art), where she studied under Kenneth Hays Miller, Douglas Cannal, William M. Chase, and Robert Henri, leader of the \"Ash Can\" school of painting. Upon her return to Richmond, Clark began a teaching career at the Art Club of Richmond. It was here that Adèle began her long association and friendship with acclaimed Virginia artist, Nora Houston. When the Art Club of Richmond was dissolved in 1917, the women went on to establish The Atelier. Under their direction this private art studio, located adjacent to Clark's Chamberlayne Avenue residence, became a training ground for such noted Virginia artists as Edmund Archer, Eleanor Fry and Theresa Pollack (founder of the VCU School of the Arts). Two years later they founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, where they both held the title of artistic director. During this period, they participated in a fundraising campaign for the resurrection of the old Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. Their goal became a reality in 1930 when the new Richmond Academy of Arts, forerunner to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, was established on Capitol Street.*\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClark's interest in the suffrage movement began in 1909 when she was asked by novelist Ellen Glasgow to sign a petition calling for Virginia women to gain voting privileges. On November 27th of that year Clark, along with eighteen other civic-minded women, held a preliminary meeting to discuss the establishment of a state-wide suffrage organization. At this first meeting of what would become the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, Clark was elected secretary, a position she held for one year. She later helped direct legislative initiatives, organized suffrage rallies and went on speaking tours that helped establish new League chapters throughout the state. Clark also served for several years as chair of the ratification committee and head of the Equal Suffrage League lobby to the Virginia General Assembly.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 (which was ratified by Virginia in 1952), the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia was transformed into the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV). For nearly two decades Clark played a major role in the VLWV.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSelected as the VLWV's first chair in 1920, Clark became president one year later. She held this position for eighteen years (nonconsecutively). Her work in the VLWV involved constant study of legislation involving social issues and governmental efficiency and administration. In 1924, Clark was elected to the board of the National League of Women Voters (NLWV) as Director of the Third Region. The region included Washington, D.C., Virginia, and six other southern states. The following year she was elected Second Vice President of the NLWV, in which capacity she served until the Spring of 1928. During that period Clark traveled to conventions in twenty-four states on speaking tours. Along with other officers of the NLWV she helped resolve league organizational problems.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to her work for the VLWV and NLWV, Clark also served on two important state government commissions. In 1922, Governor E. Lee Trinkle appointed her to the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government, on which she served for two years as secretary of the Commission. In addition to performing the editorial and clerical work of the Commission, Clark also authored several of the chapters of the Commission's final report (January 1924) to the Virginia General Assembly. Four years later, Governor Harry F. Byrd, Jr. appointed Clark to the Liberal Arts College for Women Commission, on which she also served as secretary. The nine member Commission studied the feasibility of establishing a new liberal arts college for women in Virginia. The second report of the Commission (January 1930), which contained the \"set-up\" of the proposed college [now Mary Washington College?], was the product of research conducted by Clark with the assistance of Commission advisors.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClark's strong commitment to higher education was exemplified in several other ways. From March - September, 1926, she served as the Social Director of women students at the College of William and Mary. She was also instrumental in the establishment of citizenship courses for women through the University of Virginia's Extension Division. The courses were designed to educate women about the intricacies of governmental institutions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the New Deal era, Clark distinguished herself in two important agencies. In 1933, she was selected as a field supervisor for the National Reemployment Service (NRS). Along with the state reemployment director and other field staff, she assisted in the organization of local reemployment offices throughout Virginia. After stepping down as field supervisor for the NRS, Clark became the Virginia Arts Project Director of the Work Projects Administration (WPA). This particular branch of the WPA was created to provide employment opportunities for artists in Virginia. In addition to producing murals for public buildings, artists employed by the WPA executed hundreds of paintings that were then distributed to local and state tax-supported institutions for display. One major accomplishment during Clark's tenure at the WPA was the establishment of new art galleries, such as the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the later years of her life, Adèle Clark remained active in the Richmond community. After converting to Roman Catholicism in 1942, Clark utilized her political experience as a member of the Richmond Diocesan Council of Catholic Women (RDCCW). From 1949 to 1959 she served as the chair of the RDCCW's Legislative Committee. Clark also continued to speak out against a number of issues affecting women, such as the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment and abortion.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClark remained an active supporter of the Richmond art community. From 1941 to 1964 she was a member of the Virginia Arts Commission. The Commission helped to produce many of the murals and portraits displayed in state government buildings that depict the history of Virginia. Moreover, Clark's dedication to the teaching of art did not wane in these later years. She taught art to both the young and old in hospitals, schools and church classrooms. She also continued to enjoy creating her own artworks. Clark's paintings, mostly portraits and landscapes, have been exhibited in several states. One of her paintings, \"The Cherry Tree\", is in the permanent collection of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClark had a unique perspective on the influence of art on her political ideology. She once stated, \"I've always tried to combine my interest in art with my interest in government. I think we ought to have more of the creative and imaginative in politics.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdèle Clark died at the age of 100 on June 5, 1983.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Information from newspaper accounts and the Adèle Goodman Clark Papers.]\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["A founding member of the Virginia suffrage movement and a prominent supporter of the arts in Virginia, Adèle Goodman Clark (1882-1983) exemplified the influential role civically active women played in the major social reform movements of the twentieth century. Calling politics and art her \"creative spirits\", Clark was involved in a number of reform initiatives throughout her century of life that championed the rights of women and promoted the arts.","The second oldest daughter of Robert Clark (1832?-1906) and Estelle Goodman Clark (1847-1937), Adèle was born in Montgomery, Alabama on September 27, 1882. Before moving permanently to Richmond, the Clark family lived in New Orleans, LA, as well as the small town of Pass Christian, MS. It was in a one room school house in the latter town that Adèle developed a fondness for the arts. After her family moved to Richmond in 1894, Adèle enrolled in the Virginia Randolph Ellett School (now St. Catherine's). Adèle also studied art with Lilly M. Logan, who ran the art school at the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906 she was awarded a scholarship to the New York School of Fine and Applied Arts (the Chase School of Art), where she studied under Kenneth Hays Miller, Douglas Cannal, William M. Chase, and Robert Henri, leader of the \"Ash Can\" school of painting. Upon her return to Richmond, Clark began a teaching career at the Art Club of Richmond. It was here that Adèle began her long association and friendship with acclaimed Virginia artist, Nora Houston. When the Art Club of Richmond was dissolved in 1917, the women went on to establish The Atelier. Under their direction this private art studio, located adjacent to Clark's Chamberlayne Avenue residence, became a training ground for such noted Virginia artists as Edmund Archer, Eleanor Fry and Theresa Pollack (founder of the VCU School of the Arts). Two years later they founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, where they both held the title of artistic director. During this period, they participated in a fundraising campaign for the resurrection of the old Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. Their goal became a reality in 1930 when the new Richmond Academy of Arts, forerunner to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, was established on Capitol Street.*","Clark's interest in the suffrage movement began in 1909 when she was asked by novelist Ellen Glasgow to sign a petition calling for Virginia women to gain voting privileges. On November 27th of that year Clark, along with eighteen other civic-minded women, held a preliminary meeting to discuss the establishment of a state-wide suffrage organization. At this first meeting of what would become the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, Clark was elected secretary, a position she held for one year. She later helped direct legislative initiatives, organized suffrage rallies and went on speaking tours that helped establish new League chapters throughout the state. Clark also served for several years as chair of the ratification committee and head of the Equal Suffrage League lobby to the Virginia General Assembly.","After passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 (which was ratified by Virginia in 1952), the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia was transformed into the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV). For nearly two decades Clark played a major role in the VLWV.","Selected as the VLWV's first chair in 1920, Clark became president one year later. She held this position for eighteen years (nonconsecutively). Her work in the VLWV involved constant study of legislation involving social issues and governmental efficiency and administration. In 1924, Clark was elected to the board of the National League of Women Voters (NLWV) as Director of the Third Region. The region included Washington, D.C., Virginia, and six other southern states. The following year she was elected Second Vice President of the NLWV, in which capacity she served until the Spring of 1928. During that period Clark traveled to conventions in twenty-four states on speaking tours. Along with other officers of the NLWV she helped resolve league organizational problems.","In addition to her work for the VLWV and NLWV, Clark also served on two important state government commissions. In 1922, Governor E. Lee Trinkle appointed her to the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government, on which she served for two years as secretary of the Commission. In addition to performing the editorial and clerical work of the Commission, Clark also authored several of the chapters of the Commission's final report (January 1924) to the Virginia General Assembly. Four years later, Governor Harry F. Byrd, Jr. appointed Clark to the Liberal Arts College for Women Commission, on which she also served as secretary. The nine member Commission studied the feasibility of establishing a new liberal arts college for women in Virginia. The second report of the Commission (January 1930), which contained the \"set-up\" of the proposed college [now Mary Washington College?], was the product of research conducted by Clark with the assistance of Commission advisors.","Clark's strong commitment to higher education was exemplified in several other ways. From March - September, 1926, she served as the Social Director of women students at the College of William and Mary. She was also instrumental in the establishment of citizenship courses for women through the University of Virginia's Extension Division. The courses were designed to educate women about the intricacies of governmental institutions.","During the New Deal era, Clark distinguished herself in two important agencies. In 1933, she was selected as a field supervisor for the National Reemployment Service (NRS). Along with the state reemployment director and other field staff, she assisted in the organization of local reemployment offices throughout Virginia. After stepping down as field supervisor for the NRS, Clark became the Virginia Arts Project Director of the Work Projects Administration (WPA). This particular branch of the WPA was created to provide employment opportunities for artists in Virginia. In addition to producing murals for public buildings, artists employed by the WPA executed hundreds of paintings that were then distributed to local and state tax-supported institutions for display. One major accomplishment during Clark's tenure at the WPA was the establishment of new art galleries, such as the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap.","In the later years of her life, Adèle Clark remained active in the Richmond community. After converting to Roman Catholicism in 1942, Clark utilized her political experience as a member of the Richmond Diocesan Council of Catholic Women (RDCCW). From 1949 to 1959 she served as the chair of the RDCCW's Legislative Committee. Clark also continued to speak out against a number of issues affecting women, such as the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment and abortion.","Clark remained an active supporter of the Richmond art community. From 1941 to 1964 she was a member of the Virginia Arts Commission. The Commission helped to produce many of the murals and portraits displayed in state government buildings that depict the history of Virginia. Moreover, Clark's dedication to the teaching of art did not wane in these later years. She taught art to both the young and old in hospitals, schools and church classrooms. She also continued to enjoy creating her own artworks. Clark's paintings, mostly portraits and landscapes, have been exhibited in several states. One of her paintings, \"The Cherry Tree\", is in the permanent collection of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.","Clark had a unique perspective on the influence of art on her political ideology. She once stated, \"I've always tried to combine my interest in art with my interest in government. I think we ought to have more of the creative and imaginative in politics.\"","Adèle Clark died at the age of 100 on June 5, 1983.","[Information from newspaper accounts and the Adèle Goodman Clark Papers.]"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdele Goodman Clark papers, Collection # M 9, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers, Collection # M 9, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Adèle Goodman Clark papers document the life and activities of Miss Clark (1882-1983) throughout her adult life, as well as those of her closest friends and relatives. Miss Clark was a member of a small group of civically active Richmond women whose names appear throughout the collection. Of particular note are members of Clark's family, Edith Clark Cowles, Willoughby Ions, and friends Roberta Wellford, Lila Meade Valentine, Lucy Randolph Mason, Ida Mae Thompson, Eudora W. Ramsay Richardson, Nora Houston and Josephine Houston. A list and chart describing the family relationships follows the Series Description and Arrangement, which specifically details the arrangement of the collection and highlights areas of particular significance within each series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection is comprised of five major components, each with its own depth of coverage, usually dependent upon the length of Clark's involvement. The first major component of the collection contains materials pertaining to the Clark and Houston families with their multiple activities, responsibilities and affiliations. The documents in this section include the personal correspondence of Adèle Clark, Nora Houston, and members of both the Clark and Houston families. Correspondence from Estelle Goodman Clark, Cely \"Nainaine\" Ions, and Estelle Adèle Goodman\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilloughby Ions provide a richly detailed account of the more significant events within the Clark-Ions family. Also included is personal, business, and legal correspondence between members of the Goodman family, predating the Civil War, and personal correspondence to Clark and Nora Houston from close friends and associates such as Cornelia Adair, T. Bowyer Campbell, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon and Roberta Wellford. Additional family information is provided by legal and real estate correspondence, biographical sketches, family and genealogical histories, composition books, diaries, journals, and poetry by various members of the Clark and Houston families. Some items of significance include handwritten memoranda and notes, poems, short stories and other fictional material written by Adèle Clark during her lifetime. The Virginia Historical Society holds additional Clark family materials (see Appendices).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also includes correspondence from businesses and civic organizations with which Clark, Edith Clark Cowles, and the Dooley/Houston family were affiliated during their lifetimes. A list of the more significant organizations includes the Virginia Society for Crippled Children and Handicapped Adults, Commission of Inter-Racial (or Interracial) Cooperation, Woodrow Wilson Foundation, National Consumers League, and Social Science Research Council-Committee on Public Administration. There is also correspondence from prominent local and state government officials that further document the political activities and biases of these women. Brochures, memoranda and publications from these organizations are scattered throughout the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhile the family correspondence provides information about Clark's early years, the greatest significance of the collection lies in its documentation of the activities of the suffrage movement, both locally and nationally. The collection is particularly strong in its representation of correspondence, reports, memoranda and publications reflecting the sentiments and political positions of both the pro- and anti- suffrage movement from 1913 until the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. A large portion of this segment also documents the actions of the post-suffragists in their work through the national, state and local chapters of the League of Women Voters (LWV). Clark's considerable role of participation in the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) in the first two decades of the organization provides an abundant amount of material chronicling the many social and political issues in which local and national LWV members were engaged. Although the documentation of the activities of the LWV continues well into the 1970s, the collection is not as strong for the later years as it is for the earlier period.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe suffrage materials, the second and largest component in the collection, are composed of documentation of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV), Richmond League of Women Voters, the VLWV, and the reorganized League of Women Voters of Virginia (LWVV). The ESLV materials includes correspondence, committee and financial memoranda, convention material, notes, reports and miscellaneous literature. There is a large quantity of outgoing correspondence created by the corresponding secretaries of the ESLV which pertains to the efforts of organizing local suffrage chapters throughout the state and between officers of the ESLV, state and national government officials. Also included is correspondence between ESLV President, Lila Meade Valentine, and women of significance within the suffrage movement including Carrie Chapman Catt, Anna Howard Shaw, Maud Wood Park and Kate Gordon. While there is a substantial amount of correspondence generated by the central office of the ESLV, between 1909-1912 there are some major gaps. A portion of this documentation for the early history of the ESLV can be found at the Library of Virginia (see Appendices). Throughout its eleven year existence, the ESLV compiled an enormous amount of literature on the suffrage movement published by the National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA), and other organizations. Materials generated by the movement and represented in this portion of the collection include petitions, photographs, enrollment cards, posters, suffrage maps, sashes and other ephemeral items. Additional publications have not been indexed but are available for research.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the materials of the remaining suffrage organizations represented in the collection fall within a fourteen year time frame, 1920-1934, and includes President/Executive Secretary correspondence, bulletins, circulars, committee memoranda, and financial statements as well as records relating to the Virginia Cookery Book, the Governor's Ball and the citizenship courses sponsored by the VLWV. Clark also corresponded with the President of the NLWV and other officers in the national organization. The significant correspondents include Maud Wood Park, Belle Sherwin, Katherine Ludington, and Gertrude Ely. Incoming correspondence from prominent Virginia women such as Faith Morgan, Roberta Wellford, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon, Kate Waller Barrett, Mrs. John L. Lewis of Lynchburg, Mrs. John H. Lewis of Ashland, and Mrs C.E. [Jessie] Townsend of Norfolk can be found in both the President/Executive Correspondence files and the Board of Directors/Executive Committee/Standing Committees file of the VLWV.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe records of the VLWV document in great detail the legislative agenda over a fourteen year period. The VLWV materials contain correspondence, circulars, memoranda questionnaires and reports pertaining to the Children's Code Commission, Virginia Women's Council Legislative Chairman of State Organizations and other major committees of the VLWV; revealing which major pieces of legislation were of utmost concern to Clark and the VLWV. Like its predecessor, the VLWV collected a wide variety of literature from state, national and international organizations which championed a spectrum of causes of interest to Clark and her associates. These organizations include the League of Nations Association, National Council for the Prevention of War, National Women's Trade Union League of America, and Southern Council of Women and Children in Industry.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDocumentation of the NLWV (1920-1945) and the later reorganized League of Woman Voters of Virginia (1946-presents) includes correspondence and memoranda produced by Clark as Second Vice President in charge of Legislation and Law Enforcement and Third Regional Director for the NLWV. In addition to correspondence, memoranda, minutes, notes and reports there are materials detailing her involvement in nationally sponsored speaking tours throughout several regions of the United States. Items from the national office consist of mimeographed Adèle Goodman Clark correspondence and memoranda, reports, press releases and various publications created by the major standing committees and departments of the NLWV. Clark's activity in both the state and national leagues diminished to a great extent after 1934. Records of the latter local, state and national organizations primarily consists of bulletins, newsletters, and other literature published and distributed by the organizations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClark was very involved in the commemoration of the contributions of Lila Meade Valentine to the suffrage movement. The collection contains the organizational records of the Lila Meade Valentine Memorial Association (1921-1937), which was established to raise money for a memorial tablet dedicated to Mrs. Valentine to be placed in the Capitol Building in Richmond. Much of the material consists of correspondence and memoranda between the association's chairperson, Adèle Clark and the individuals who contributed to the memorial fund. There is also correspondence between Clark and the sculptor chosen to produce the memorial tablet. Other material includes financial data, contributors lists, minutes, notes and reports documenting the association's fundraising activities.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection of materials related to state and national politics comprises the third major section of the Clark Papers. These materials include correspondence, memoranda, minutes, reports, statistical data, and literature generated by or related to the work of the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government (1921-1927) and the Liberal Arts College Commission (1918, 1929-1933). Material pertaining to both of these government commissions highlight the research and information gathering work undertaken by Clark and the members of these commissions before presentation of the final reports to the Virginia General Assembly. The collection also contains the annotated drafts and proofs of the reports in various stages of development. Correspondence, notes, reports and travel vouchers highlight Clark's duties as a NRS Field Supervisor and her involvement with the National Reemployment Service (1925-1937). Correspondence between Clark and the State Reemployment Director reveal the types of reemployment projects in which the NRS was actively engaged throughout the state. In addition, correspondence between Clark and other field staff demonstrate the extent to which Clark participated in managing local reemployment offices during her tenure with the NRS. Published reports, speeches, manuals, newspaper clippings and other ephemeral materials are also included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe fourth area of interest of Adèle's, as reflected in the collection, was religion. Included here are the organizational records and personal items documenting the religious activities of Clark, Nora Houston, and several members of the Houston family. It should be noted that Clark was baptized and confirmed in the Episcopal Church and later became a devout Roman Catholic after Nora Houston's death in 1942. Included is correspondence between both women and various religious organizations, church leaflets, pamphlets and prayerbooks, periodicals and other items of a religious nature. Some of the organizations with which Clark and Houston corresponded include the Catholic Woman's Club, National Council of Catholic Women, National Conference on Christians and Jews, and Catholic Daughters of America. Beth Ahabah Museum and Archives holds other materials of a religious nature relating to the Goodman family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe final component of the collection, second in size only to that of the suffrage and voting rights material, is that of art, particularly art in Virginia. An artist by training, Adèle Clark worked ceaselessly for increased public awareness of the traditions and richness of art within the Commonwealth. To this end, the collection documents the contributions of Clark and her colleagues in the following endeavors: the Art Club of Richmond, Atelier, Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, Richmond Academy of Arts, Virginia Arts Commission, and Works Project Administration-Federal Arts Project. In addition to containing the correspondence relating to the operations of these organizations, the records also contain memoranda, minutes and reports of committees, and materials on exhibitions sponsored by these organizations. Of particular significance are the records of the Academy Committee of the Art Club that document the committee's role in attempting to resurrect the arts academy. Materials relating to the WPA and the Virginia Arts Commission emphasize Clark's substantial role in making the public a more active player in the promotion of the arts. Clark's monthly and narrative reports on several WPA art galleries, as well as data on the Index of American Design, provide a detailed account of the variety of art projects the WPA underwrote in Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also contains a range of art and art school publications, art supply advertisements, catalogs, exhibition bulletins and notices from local and national art institutions. A small number of drawings, sketches and miscellaneous artwork created by Adèle Clark, Nora Houston and other artists are also represented. Some of the more notable pieces include Clark's original lithograph \"Richmond Market at Christmas\", copies of Nora Houston's house sketches and artwork produced by children of various ages. Lastly there are numerous kinds of illustrations and reproductions that Clark and Houston utilized in their art classes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSignificant portions of the collection are in fragile condition, particularly newspaper clippings and photographs. Reference copies of the photographs are available for use. A large portion of the clippings have been photocopied and the process will continue as time and staff permit.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections has also purchased suffrage and related materials. Please ask a staffmember for information about these supporting items.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Adèle Goodman Clark papers document the life and activities of Miss Clark (1882-1983) throughout her adult life, as well as those of her closest friends and relatives. Miss Clark was a member of a small group of civically active Richmond women whose names appear throughout the collection. Of particular note are members of Clark's family, Edith Clark Cowles, Willoughby Ions, and friends Roberta Wellford, Lila Meade Valentine, Lucy Randolph Mason, Ida Mae Thompson, Eudora W. Ramsay Richardson, Nora Houston and Josephine Houston. A list and chart describing the family relationships follows the Series Description and Arrangement, which specifically details the arrangement of the collection and highlights areas of particular significance within each series.","The collection is comprised of five major components, each with its own depth of coverage, usually dependent upon the length of Clark's involvement. The first major component of the collection contains materials pertaining to the Clark and Houston families with their multiple activities, responsibilities and affiliations. The documents in this section include the personal correspondence of Adèle Clark, Nora Houston, and members of both the Clark and Houston families. Correspondence from Estelle Goodman Clark, Cely \"Nainaine\" Ions, and Estelle Adèle Goodman","Willoughby Ions provide a richly detailed account of the more significant events within the Clark-Ions family. Also included is personal, business, and legal correspondence between members of the Goodman family, predating the Civil War, and personal correspondence to Clark and Nora Houston from close friends and associates such as Cornelia Adair, T. Bowyer Campbell, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon and Roberta Wellford. Additional family information is provided by legal and real estate correspondence, biographical sketches, family and genealogical histories, composition books, diaries, journals, and poetry by various members of the Clark and Houston families. Some items of significance include handwritten memoranda and notes, poems, short stories and other fictional material written by Adèle Clark during her lifetime. The Virginia Historical Society holds additional Clark family materials (see Appendices).","The collection also includes correspondence from businesses and civic organizations with which Clark, Edith Clark Cowles, and the Dooley/Houston family were affiliated during their lifetimes. A list of the more significant organizations includes the Virginia Society for Crippled Children and Handicapped Adults, Commission of Inter-Racial (or Interracial) Cooperation, Woodrow Wilson Foundation, National Consumers League, and Social Science Research Council-Committee on Public Administration. There is also correspondence from prominent local and state government officials that further document the political activities and biases of these women. Brochures, memoranda and publications from these organizations are scattered throughout the collection.","While the family correspondence provides information about Clark's early years, the greatest significance of the collection lies in its documentation of the activities of the suffrage movement, both locally and nationally. The collection is particularly strong in its representation of correspondence, reports, memoranda and publications reflecting the sentiments and political positions of both the pro- and anti- suffrage movement from 1913 until the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. A large portion of this segment also documents the actions of the post-suffragists in their work through the national, state and local chapters of the League of Women Voters (LWV). Clark's considerable role of participation in the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) in the first two decades of the organization provides an abundant amount of material chronicling the many social and political issues in which local and national LWV members were engaged. Although the documentation of the activities of the LWV continues well into the 1970s, the collection is not as strong for the later years as it is for the earlier period.","The suffrage materials, the second and largest component in the collection, are composed of documentation of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV), Richmond League of Women Voters, the VLWV, and the reorganized League of Women Voters of Virginia (LWVV). The ESLV materials includes correspondence, committee and financial memoranda, convention material, notes, reports and miscellaneous literature. There is a large quantity of outgoing correspondence created by the corresponding secretaries of the ESLV which pertains to the efforts of organizing local suffrage chapters throughout the state and between officers of the ESLV, state and national government officials. Also included is correspondence between ESLV President, Lila Meade Valentine, and women of significance within the suffrage movement including Carrie Chapman Catt, Anna Howard Shaw, Maud Wood Park and Kate Gordon. While there is a substantial amount of correspondence generated by the central office of the ESLV, between 1909-1912 there are some major gaps. A portion of this documentation for the early history of the ESLV can be found at the Library of Virginia (see Appendices). Throughout its eleven year existence, the ESLV compiled an enormous amount of literature on the suffrage movement published by the National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA), and other organizations. Materials generated by the movement and represented in this portion of the collection include petitions, photographs, enrollment cards, posters, suffrage maps, sashes and other ephemeral items. Additional publications have not been indexed but are available for research.","The bulk of the materials of the remaining suffrage organizations represented in the collection fall within a fourteen year time frame, 1920-1934, and includes President/Executive Secretary correspondence, bulletins, circulars, committee memoranda, and financial statements as well as records relating to the Virginia Cookery Book, the Governor's Ball and the citizenship courses sponsored by the VLWV. Clark also corresponded with the President of the NLWV and other officers in the national organization. The significant correspondents include Maud Wood Park, Belle Sherwin, Katherine Ludington, and Gertrude Ely. Incoming correspondence from prominent Virginia women such as Faith Morgan, Roberta Wellford, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon, Kate Waller Barrett, Mrs. John L. Lewis of Lynchburg, Mrs. John H. Lewis of Ashland, and Mrs C.E. [Jessie] Townsend of Norfolk can be found in both the President/Executive Correspondence files and the Board of Directors/Executive Committee/Standing Committees file of the VLWV.","The records of the VLWV document in great detail the legislative agenda over a fourteen year period. The VLWV materials contain correspondence, circulars, memoranda questionnaires and reports pertaining to the Children's Code Commission, Virginia Women's Council Legislative Chairman of State Organizations and other major committees of the VLWV; revealing which major pieces of legislation were of utmost concern to Clark and the VLWV. Like its predecessor, the VLWV collected a wide variety of literature from state, national and international organizations which championed a spectrum of causes of interest to Clark and her associates. These organizations include the League of Nations Association, National Council for the Prevention of War, National Women's Trade Union League of America, and Southern Council of Women and Children in Industry.","Documentation of the NLWV (1920-1945) and the later reorganized League of Woman Voters of Virginia (1946-presents) includes correspondence and memoranda produced by Clark as Second Vice President in charge of Legislation and Law Enforcement and Third Regional Director for the NLWV. In addition to correspondence, memoranda, minutes, notes and reports there are materials detailing her involvement in nationally sponsored speaking tours throughout several regions of the United States. Items from the national office consist of mimeographed Adèle Goodman Clark correspondence and memoranda, reports, press releases and various publications created by the major standing committees and departments of the NLWV. Clark's activity in both the state and national leagues diminished to a great extent after 1934. Records of the latter local, state and national organizations primarily consists of bulletins, newsletters, and other literature published and distributed by the organizations.","Clark was very involved in the commemoration of the contributions of Lila Meade Valentine to the suffrage movement. The collection contains the organizational records of the Lila Meade Valentine Memorial Association (1921-1937), which was established to raise money for a memorial tablet dedicated to Mrs. Valentine to be placed in the Capitol Building in Richmond. Much of the material consists of correspondence and memoranda between the association's chairperson, Adèle Clark and the individuals who contributed to the memorial fund. There is also correspondence between Clark and the sculptor chosen to produce the memorial tablet. Other material includes financial data, contributors lists, minutes, notes and reports documenting the association's fundraising activities.","The collection of materials related to state and national politics comprises the third major section of the Clark Papers. These materials include correspondence, memoranda, minutes, reports, statistical data, and literature generated by or related to the work of the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government (1921-1927) and the Liberal Arts College Commission (1918, 1929-1933). Material pertaining to both of these government commissions highlight the research and information gathering work undertaken by Clark and the members of these commissions before presentation of the final reports to the Virginia General Assembly. The collection also contains the annotated drafts and proofs of the reports in various stages of development. Correspondence, notes, reports and travel vouchers highlight Clark's duties as a NRS Field Supervisor and her involvement with the National Reemployment Service (1925-1937). Correspondence between Clark and the State Reemployment Director reveal the types of reemployment projects in which the NRS was actively engaged throughout the state. In addition, correspondence between Clark and other field staff demonstrate the extent to which Clark participated in managing local reemployment offices during her tenure with the NRS. Published reports, speeches, manuals, newspaper clippings and other ephemeral materials are also included.","The fourth area of interest of Adèle's, as reflected in the collection, was religion. Included here are the organizational records and personal items documenting the religious activities of Clark, Nora Houston, and several members of the Houston family. It should be noted that Clark was baptized and confirmed in the Episcopal Church and later became a devout Roman Catholic after Nora Houston's death in 1942. Included is correspondence between both women and various religious organizations, church leaflets, pamphlets and prayerbooks, periodicals and other items of a religious nature. Some of the organizations with which Clark and Houston corresponded include the Catholic Woman's Club, National Council of Catholic Women, National Conference on Christians and Jews, and Catholic Daughters of America. Beth Ahabah Museum and Archives holds other materials of a religious nature relating to the Goodman family.","The final component of the collection, second in size only to that of the suffrage and voting rights material, is that of art, particularly art in Virginia. An artist by training, Adèle Clark worked ceaselessly for increased public awareness of the traditions and richness of art within the Commonwealth. To this end, the collection documents the contributions of Clark and her colleagues in the following endeavors: the Art Club of Richmond, Atelier, Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, Richmond Academy of Arts, Virginia Arts Commission, and Works Project Administration-Federal Arts Project. In addition to containing the correspondence relating to the operations of these organizations, the records also contain memoranda, minutes and reports of committees, and materials on exhibitions sponsored by these organizations. Of particular significance are the records of the Academy Committee of the Art Club that document the committee's role in attempting to resurrect the arts academy. Materials relating to the WPA and the Virginia Arts Commission emphasize Clark's substantial role in making the public a more active player in the promotion of the arts. Clark's monthly and narrative reports on several WPA art galleries, as well as data on the Index of American Design, provide a detailed account of the variety of art projects the WPA underwrote in Virginia.","The collection also contains a range of art and art school publications, art supply advertisements, catalogs, exhibition bulletins and notices from local and national art institutions. A small number of drawings, sketches and miscellaneous artwork created by Adèle Clark, Nora Houston and other artists are also represented. Some of the more notable pieces include Clark's original lithograph \"Richmond Market at Christmas\", copies of Nora Houston's house sketches and artwork produced by children of various ages. Lastly there are numerous kinds of illustrations and reproductions that Clark and Houston utilized in their art classes.","Significant portions of the collection are in fragile condition, particularly newspaper clippings and photographs. Reference copies of the photographs are available for use. A large portion of the clippings have been photocopied and the process will continue as time and staff permit.","Special Collections has also purchased suffrage and related materials. Please ask a staffmember for information about these supporting items."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives"],"names_coll_ssim":["League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":3079,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:40:08.594Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c14_c08_c07_c05"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_656","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Virginia Physicians, Inc. collection, 1900/1992","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_3_resources_656#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Virginia Physicians, Inc.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_3_resources_656#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection is comprised of materials that belonged to the McGuire Clinic and St. Luke's Hospital, including publications, nursing yearbooks, hospital casebooks, Bulletin of the McGuire Clinic and St. Luke's Hospital, account book, and records of the sale and dissolution of McGuire Clinic Corp.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_3_resources_656#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_656","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_656","_root_":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_656","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_656","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_3_resources_656.xml","title_ssm":["Virginia Physicians, Inc. collection"],"title_tesim":["Virginia Physicians, Inc. collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1900-1992"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1900-1992"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1900/1992"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Virginia Physicians, Inc. collection, 1900/1992"],"text":["Virginia Physicians, Inc. collection, 1900/1992","M 578","/repositories/3/resources/656","Clinics -- Virginia -- Richmond","Health facilities -- Virginia -- Richmond","administrative records","financial records","casebooks","Yearbooks","This collection may contain protected health information. Please consult SCA staff for more information.","Virginia Physicians, Inc., formerly The McGuire Clinic, was founded by Dr. Stuart McGuire and opened on December 1, 1923 at 1000 West Grace Street in a renovated portion of St. Luke's Hospital. Prior to that time, most physicians were generalists and the concept of the specialist was very new. The McGuire Clinic was comprised of Dr. McGuire and 14 other specialists representing seven departments. It was the first medical clinic in Virginia and was modeled after the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota where the history of the hospital and the clinic were intertwined. In 1972, Humana bought the hospital and its clinic property with the agreement that the clinic and hospital would be relocated. On April 7, 1975 The McGuire Clinic and its 26 physicians moved to 7702 Parham Road where many group members remained at this location for over 30 years. In 1996 the group changed its name to Virginia Physicians, Inc.","Source: Information from the Virginia Physicians, Inc.  website. Accessed on 2025 April 15.","This collection is comprised of materials that belonged to the McGuire Clinic and St. Luke's Hospital, including publications, nursing yearbooks, hospital casebooks, Bulletin of the McGuire Clinic and St. Luke's Hospital, account book, and records of the sale and dissolution of McGuire Clinic Corp.","There are no use restrictions.","VCU Health Sciences Library","Virginia Physicians, Inc.","McGuire Clinic","St. Luke's Hospital (Richmond, Va.)","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Virginia Physicians, Inc. collection, 1900/1992"],"collection_ssim":["Virginia Physicians, Inc. collection, 1900/1992"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 578","/repositories/3/resources/656"],"unitid_tesim":["M 578","/repositories/3/resources/656"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Virginia Physicians, Inc.","Virginia Physicians, Inc.","McGuire Clinic"],"creator_ssim":["Virginia Physicians, Inc.","Virginia Physicians, Inc.","McGuire Clinic"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["VCU Health Sciences Library","Virginia Physicians, Inc.","McGuire Clinic","St. Luke's Hospital (Richmond, Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["VCU Health Sciences Library","Virginia Physicians, Inc.","McGuire Clinic","St. Luke's Hospital (Richmond, Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no use restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was donated by Michael A. 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Please consult SCA staff for more information.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection may contain protected health information. Please consult SCA staff for more information."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVirginia Physicians, Inc., formerly The McGuire Clinic, was founded by Dr. Stuart McGuire and opened on December 1, 1923 at 1000 West Grace Street in a renovated portion of St. Luke's Hospital. Prior to that time, most physicians were generalists and the concept of the specialist was very new. The McGuire Clinic was comprised of Dr. McGuire and 14 other specialists representing seven departments. It was the first medical clinic in Virginia and was modeled after the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota where the history of the hospital and the clinic were intertwined. In 1972, Humana bought the hospital and its clinic property with the agreement that the clinic and hospital would be relocated. On April 7, 1975 The McGuire Clinic and its 26 physicians moved to 7702 Parham Road where many group members remained at this location for over 30 years. In 1996 the group changed its name to Virginia Physicians, Inc.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSource: Information from the Virginia Physicians, Inc. \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://vaphysicians.com/company-history/\"\u003e website.\u003c/extref\u003e Accessed on 2025 April 15.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Virginia Physicians, Inc., formerly The McGuire Clinic, was founded by Dr. Stuart McGuire and opened on December 1, 1923 at 1000 West Grace Street in a renovated portion of St. Luke's Hospital. Prior to that time, most physicians were generalists and the concept of the specialist was very new. The McGuire Clinic was comprised of Dr. McGuire and 14 other specialists representing seven departments. It was the first medical clinic in Virginia and was modeled after the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota where the history of the hospital and the clinic were intertwined. In 1972, Humana bought the hospital and its clinic property with the agreement that the clinic and hospital would be relocated. On April 7, 1975 The McGuire Clinic and its 26 physicians moved to 7702 Parham Road where many group members remained at this location for over 30 years. In 1996 the group changed its name to Virginia Physicians, Inc.","Source: Information from the Virginia Physicians, Inc.  website. Accessed on 2025 April 15."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVirginia Physicians, Inc. Collection # M 578, Special Collections and Archives, Health Sciences Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Virginia Physicians, Inc. 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