{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1947\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subgroup\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1947\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subgroup\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University\u0026page=1"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":8,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_392_c10","type":"Subgroup","attributes":{"title":"Maps","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_392_c10#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_392_c10","ref_ssm":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_392_c10"],"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_392_c10","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_392","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_392","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_392","parent_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_392","parent_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_392"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_392"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["U.S. Forest Service, George Washington National Forest, Dry River District records"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["U.S. Forest Service, George Washington National Forest, Dry River District records"],"text":["U.S. Forest Service, George Washington National Forest, Dry River District records","Maps"],"title_filing_ssi":"Maps","title_ssm":["Maps"],"title_tesim":["Maps"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1917-1971"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1917/1971"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Maps"],"component_level_isim":[1],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"collection_ssim":["U.S. Forest Service, George Washington National Forest, Dry River District records"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":12,"level_ssm":["Subgroup"],"level_ssim":["Subgroup"],"sort_isi":10,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"date_range_isim":[1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971],"_nest_path_":"/components#9","timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:22:27.919Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_392","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_392","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_392","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_392","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_392.xml","title_ssm":["U.S. Forest Service, George Washington National Forest, Dry River District records"],"title_tesim":["U.S. Forest Service, George Washington National Forest, Dry River District records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1917-1994"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1917-1994"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0083","/repositories/4/resources/392"],"text":["SC 0083","/repositories/4/resources/392","U.S. Forest Service, George Washington National Forest, Dry River District records","Stribling Springs (Va.)","Appalachian Region, Southern -- History","Shenandoah Mountain (Va. and W. Va.)","Lookout Mountain (Va. and W. Va.)","Massanutten Mountain (Va.)","Shenandoah National Forest (Va. and W. Va.)","George Washington National Forest (Va. and W. Va.)","Massanutten National Forest (Va.)","Camp Todd (Augusta County, Va.)","Fire lookout stations -- George Washington National Forest (Va. and W. Va.)","Forest fires -- George Washington National Forest (Va. and W. Va.)","Forest fires -- Shenandoah National Forest (Va. and W. Va.)","Forest fires -- Massanutten National Forest (Va.)","Forest fires -- Detection","Forest fires -- Prevention and control -- handbooks, manuals, etc","Forest fires -- Statistics"," Arson","Forests and forestry -- Environmental aspects -- United States","Forest management -- George Washington National Forest (Va. and W. Va.)","Forest management -- Shenandoah National Forest (Va. and W. Va.)"," Forest management -- Massanutten National Forest (Va.)","Conservation of natural resources -- History","National parks and reserves -- Appalachian Region, Southern -- History"," Recreation areas -- George Washington National Forest (Va. and W. Va.)","High Knob Fire Tower -- Shenandoah Mountain (Va. and W. Va.)","Maps (documents)","Photographs","Memorandums","Letters (correspondence)","Administrative records","Collection is open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The collection is arranged topically in two boxes, one flat file, and one rolled storage container.","USDA Forest Service, George Washington and Jefferson National Forest. http://www.fs.usda.gov/main/gwj/learning/history-culture.","The George Washington National Forest was created after the enactment of the 1891 Forest Reserve Act, which was brought in front of Congress in response to the extensive damage done to the Shenandoah Valley by farming, timber, mining, hunting, and natural devastation. In 1911, the Weeks Act passed, which allowed the federal government to purchase land to be used for preservation. In 1917, three plots of purchased land in Virginia were combined to create the Shenandoah National Forest, later renamed the George Washington National Forest. The first ever Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) camp, Camp Roosevelt, was established in the George Washington National Forest, and began work on constructing the roads, campgrounds, fire towers and more. A total of 14 camps were eventually opened in the forest. The 1960 Multiple-use Sustained-Yield Act and the 1973 Threatened and Endangered Species helped the animal and plant population thrive in the forest, and help it to become the popular recreational hotspot it is today.","During initial processing, photographs were removed from box:folders 2:1-2:3 and grouped into the folder Miscellaneous Photographs. In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 3014.","The U.S. Forest Service, George Washington National Forest, Dry River District Records, 1917-1994, consist of two boxes, 1 flat file, and 1 rolled storage container. Most file materials concern the Dry River District, which currently incorporates 227,000 acres on both sides of Shenandoah Mountain from State Route 259 in the north to Lookout Mountain and State Route 728 in the south, although locations in some other districts are mentioned. Most materials concern the fire-fighting activities undertaken by employees of Shenandoah National Forest, the predecessor name for the George Washington National Forest. Fighting forest arson, prevalent during the first half of the twentieth century, was at that time one of the U.S. Forest Service's foremost goals. The collection also includes some items relevant to recreational and historical topics.","Includes Stribling Springs.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","This collection consists of photographs, memos, letters, pamphlets, maps, and other materials dating from 1917-1994 that relate to the George Washington National Forest, Dry River District. Most of the materials concern fire-fighting activities within the Forest, while others relate to the activities of the Civilian Conservation Corps and recreation within national forest lands.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Civilian Conservation Corps (U.S.) -- History","Civilian Conservation Corps (U.S.) -- Camp Roosevelt (Va.)","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0083","/repositories/4/resources/392"],"normalized_title_ssm":["U.S. Forest Service, George Washington National Forest, Dry River District records"],"collection_title_tesim":["U.S. Forest Service, George Washington National Forest, Dry River District records"],"collection_ssim":["U.S. Forest Service, George Washington National Forest, Dry River District records"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Stribling Springs (Va.)","Appalachian Region, Southern -- History","Shenandoah Mountain (Va. and W. Va.)","Lookout Mountain (Va. and W. Va.)","Massanutten Mountain (Va.)","Shenandoah National Forest (Va. and W. Va.)","George Washington National Forest (Va. and W. Va.)","Massanutten National Forest (Va.)","Camp Todd (Augusta County, Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Stribling Springs (Va.)","Appalachian Region, Southern -- History","Shenandoah Mountain (Va. and W. Va.)","Lookout Mountain (Va. and W. Va.)","Massanutten Mountain (Va.)","Shenandoah National Forest (Va. and W. Va.)","George Washington National Forest (Va. and W. Va.)","Massanutten National Forest (Va.)","Camp Todd (Augusta County, Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Stribling Springs (Va.)","Appalachian Region, Southern -- History","Shenandoah Mountain (Va. and W. Va.)","Lookout Mountain (Va. and W. Va.)","Massanutten Mountain (Va.)","Shenandoah National Forest (Va. and W. Va.)","George Washington National Forest (Va. and W. Va.)","Massanutten National Forest (Va.)","Camp Todd (Augusta County, Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated in February 1998 by District Ranger Stephen Parsons."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Fire lookout stations -- George Washington National Forest (Va. and W. Va.)","Forest fires -- George Washington National Forest (Va. and W. Va.)","Forest fires -- Shenandoah National Forest (Va. and W. Va.)","Forest fires -- Massanutten National Forest (Va.)","Forest fires -- Detection","Forest fires -- Prevention and control -- handbooks, manuals, etc","Forest fires -- Statistics"," Arson","Forests and forestry -- Environmental aspects -- United States","Forest management -- George Washington National Forest (Va. and W. Va.)","Forest management -- Shenandoah National Forest (Va. and W. Va.)"," Forest management -- Massanutten National Forest (Va.)","Conservation of natural resources -- History","National parks and reserves -- Appalachian Region, Southern -- History"," Recreation areas -- George Washington National Forest (Va. and W. Va.)","High Knob Fire Tower -- Shenandoah Mountain (Va. and W. Va.)","Maps (documents)","Photographs","Memorandums","Letters (correspondence)","Administrative records"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Fire lookout stations -- George Washington National Forest (Va. and W. Va.)","Forest fires -- George Washington National Forest (Va. and W. Va.)","Forest fires -- Shenandoah National Forest (Va. and W. Va.)","Forest fires -- Massanutten National Forest (Va.)","Forest fires -- Detection","Forest fires -- Prevention and control -- handbooks, manuals, etc","Forest fires -- Statistics"," Arson","Forests and forestry -- Environmental aspects -- United States","Forest management -- George Washington National Forest (Va. and W. Va.)","Forest management -- Shenandoah National Forest (Va. and W. Va.)"," Forest management -- Massanutten National Forest (Va.)","Conservation of natural resources -- History","National parks and reserves -- Appalachian Region, Southern -- History"," Recreation areas -- George Washington National Forest (Va. and W. Va.)","High Knob Fire Tower -- Shenandoah Mountain (Va. and W. Va.)","Maps (documents)","Photographs","Memorandums","Letters (correspondence)","Administrative records"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3 cubic feet 2 boxes, 1 flat file, and 1 rolled storage container"],"extent_tesim":["3 cubic feet 2 boxes, 1 flat file, and 1 rolled storage container"],"genreform_ssim":["Maps (documents)","Photographs","Memorandums","Letters (correspondence)","Administrative records"],"date_range_isim":[1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged topically in two boxes, one flat file, and one rolled storage container.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged topically in two boxes, one flat file, and one rolled storage container."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eUSDA Forest Service, George Washington and Jefferson National Forest. http://www.fs.usda.gov/main/gwj/learning/history-culture.\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["USDA Forest Service, George Washington and Jefferson National Forest. http://www.fs.usda.gov/main/gwj/learning/history-culture."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe George Washington National Forest was created after the enactment of the 1891 Forest Reserve Act, which was brought in front of Congress in response to the extensive damage done to the Shenandoah Valley by farming, timber, mining, hunting, and natural devastation. In 1911, the Weeks Act passed, which allowed the federal government to purchase land to be used for preservation. In 1917, three plots of purchased land in Virginia were combined to create the Shenandoah National Forest, later renamed the George Washington National Forest. The first ever Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) camp, Camp Roosevelt, was established in the George Washington National Forest, and began work on constructing the roads, campgrounds, fire towers and more. A total of 14 camps were eventually opened in the forest. The 1960 Multiple-use Sustained-Yield Act and the 1973 Threatened and Endangered Species helped the animal and plant population thrive in the forest, and help it to become the popular recreational hotspot it is today.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Administrative History"],"bioghist_tesim":["The George Washington National Forest was created after the enactment of the 1891 Forest Reserve Act, which was brought in front of Congress in response to the extensive damage done to the Shenandoah Valley by farming, timber, mining, hunting, and natural devastation. In 1911, the Weeks Act passed, which allowed the federal government to purchase land to be used for preservation. In 1917, three plots of purchased land in Virginia were combined to create the Shenandoah National Forest, later renamed the George Washington National Forest. The first ever Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) camp, Camp Roosevelt, was established in the George Washington National Forest, and began work on constructing the roads, campgrounds, fire towers and more. A total of 14 camps were eventually opened in the forest. The 1960 Multiple-use Sustained-Yield Act and the 1973 Threatened and Endangered Species helped the animal and plant population thrive in the forest, and help it to become the popular recreational hotspot it is today."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], [box #, folder #], U.S. Forest Service, George Washington National Forest, Dry River District Records, 1917-1994, SC 0083, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], [box #, folder #], U.S. Forest Service, George Washington National Forest, Dry River District Records, 1917-1994, SC 0083, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDuring initial processing, photographs were removed from box:folders 2:1-2:3 and grouped into the folder Miscellaneous Photographs. In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThis collection was previously cataloged as SC 3014.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["During initial processing, photographs were removed from box:folders 2:1-2:3 and grouped into the folder Miscellaneous Photographs. In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 3014."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. Forest Service, George Washington National Forest, Dry River District Records, 1917-1994, consist of two boxes, 1 flat file, and 1 rolled storage container. Most file materials concern the Dry River District, which currently incorporates 227,000 acres on both sides of Shenandoah Mountain from State Route 259 in the north to Lookout Mountain and State Route 728 in the south, although locations in some other districts are mentioned. Most materials concern the fire-fighting activities undertaken by employees of Shenandoah National Forest, the predecessor name for the George Washington National Forest. Fighting forest arson, prevalent during the first half of the twentieth century, was at that time one of the U.S. Forest Service's foremost goals. The collection also includes some items relevant to recreational and historical topics.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes Stribling Springs.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The U.S. Forest Service, George Washington National Forest, Dry River District Records, 1917-1994, consist of two boxes, 1 flat file, and 1 rolled storage container. Most file materials concern the Dry River District, which currently incorporates 227,000 acres on both sides of Shenandoah Mountain from State Route 259 in the north to Lookout Mountain and State Route 728 in the south, although locations in some other districts are mentioned. Most materials concern the fire-fighting activities undertaken by employees of Shenandoah National Forest, the predecessor name for the George Washington National Forest. Fighting forest arson, prevalent during the first half of the twentieth century, was at that time one of the U.S. Forest Service's foremost goals. The collection also includes some items relevant to recreational and historical topics.","Includes Stribling Springs."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_74cffb6c321d3c3ea5c0082b9881b04a\"\u003eThis collection consists of photographs, memos, letters, pamphlets, maps, and other materials dating from 1917-1994 that relate to the George Washington National Forest, Dry River District. Most of the materials concern fire-fighting activities within the Forest, while others relate to the activities of the Civilian Conservation Corps and recreation within national forest lands.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection consists of photographs, memos, letters, pamphlets, maps, and other materials dating from 1917-1994 that relate to the George Washington National Forest, Dry River District. Most of the materials concern fire-fighting activities within the Forest, while others relate to the activities of the Civilian Conservation Corps and recreation within national forest lands."],"names_coll_ssim":["Civilian Conservation Corps (U.S.) -- History","Civilian Conservation Corps (U.S.) -- Camp Roosevelt (Va.)"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Civilian Conservation Corps (U.S.) -- History","Civilian Conservation Corps (U.S.) -- Camp Roosevelt (Va.)"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Civilian Conservation Corps (U.S.) -- History","Civilian Conservation Corps (U.S.) -- Camp Roosevelt (Va.)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":22,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:22:27.919Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_392_c10"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_288_c04_c01","type":"Subgroup","attributes":{"title":"Maps 1-5, 7-9, 15-24","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_288_c04_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_288_c04_c01","ref_ssm":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_288_c04_c01"],"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_288_c04_c01","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_288","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_288","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_288_c04","parent_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_288_c04","parent_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_288","vihart_repositories_4_resources_288_c04"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_288","vihart_repositories_4_resources_288_c04"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Ernest M. Dickerman papers","Maps"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Ernest M. Dickerman papers","Maps"],"text":["Ernest M. Dickerman papers","Maps","Maps 1-5, 7-9, 15-24","Flat File 1"],"title_filing_ssi":"Maps 1-5, 7-9, 15-24","title_ssm":["Maps 1-5, 7-9, 15-24"],"title_tesim":["Maps 1-5, 7-9, 15-24"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1936-1991, undated"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1936/1991"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Maps 1-5, 7-9, 15-24"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"collection_ssim":["Ernest M. Dickerman papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":18,"level_ssm":["Subgroup"],"level_ssim":["Subgroup"],"sort_isi":101,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"date_range_isim":[1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991],"containers_ssim":["Flat File 1"],"_nest_path_":"/components#3/components#0","timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:22:51.369Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_288","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_288","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_288","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_288","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_288.xml","title_ssm":["Ernest M. Dickerman papers"],"title_tesim":["Ernest M. Dickerman papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1904-2005"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1904-2005"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0143"],"text":["SC 0143","Ernest M. Dickerman papers","Saint Mary's Wilderness (Va.)","James River Face Wilderness Area (Va.)","Ramsey's Draft Wilderness (Va.)","Mountain Lake Wilderness Area (Va.)","Peters Mountain Wilderness Area (Va.)","Rich Hole Roadless Area (Va.)","George Washington National Forest (Va. and W. Va.)","Jefferson National Forest","Wilderness areas -- Virginia -- Management","Wilderness areas -- Law and legislation","Environmental protection -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Citizen participation","National parks and reserves -- United States -- Southern Region","National parks and reserves -- United States -- Virginia","Forest reserves -- Multiple use","Forest reserves -- Recreational use","Forest management","Wildlife management","Wildlife refuges -- United States -- Southern Region","Forest policy -- United States -- History","Forests and forestry -- History","Lobbying -- Law and legislation","Lobbyists -- United States","Wildlife conservationists -- Virginia","Maps (documents)","Letters (correspondence)","Proposals","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The front and back covers of the Dickerman wedding book are suffering from red rot. Overall, the book is particularly fragile and should be handled accordingly.","The collection is arranged in five series:","Places and Policies, 1962-2001 Correspondence and Personal Files, 1904-1999 Virginia Wilderness Committee (VWC), 1969-2005 Maps, 1936-1991","\"Grandad of the Eastern Wilderness,\"  Sierra Magazine , Nov/Dec, 1986.","Bolgiano, Chris.  The Appalachian Forest, A Search for Roots and Renewal . Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 1998. ","Murray, Elizabeth, ed.  Ernie Dickerman, 1910-1998: A Tribute . The Wilderness Society, 1999.","Ernest M. Dickerman was born December 22, 1910 to Judson Charles Dickerman (1873-1967) and Adela Miller Dickerman (1874-1920) in Austin, Illinois. His family moved to the Adirondacks in New York when Dickerman was three years old. When he was about six years old, the family moved to Richmond, Virginia where his mother died of tuberculosis when Dickerman was nine. Sometime later, the family moved to Roanoke. Dickerman attended Gettysburg Academy and Oberlin College (class of 1931). In 1934 he began working for the newly created Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) in Knoxville, Tennessee. Immediately, he fell in love with the Great Smoky Mountains, met conservationist Harvey Broome, and became deeply involved in the battles to preserve the Great Smoky Mountains National Park from development. He was a 1936 charter member of The Wilderness Society and knew many of the greatest conservationists of the day, including Bob Marshall, Sigurd Olson, Olaus Murie, and Howard Zahniser.","After a few years at TVA, Dickerman took a job with a plastics molding firm (apparently called the Patent Button Co. of Tennessee), also in Knoxville. He retired from a position as production manager in 1966, and in 1969 moved to the headquarters office of The Wilderness Society in Washington, D.C. as a staff organizer. He traveled frequently to teach citizens how to identify, map, and build support for wilderness areas throughout the East and Midwest. He also lobbied Congress on numerous wilderness bills, wrestled with federal land managing agencies (Forest Service, National Park Service, Fish \u0026 Wildlife Service), and was highly instrumental in passage of the 1975 Eastern Wilderness Bill. During the 1960s Dickerman also served as manager for the Robert Marshall Wilderness Fund, as evidenced by a notebook of typed minutes from the first thirteen years of the Fund (established by the will of Robert Marshall), 1940-1953, in which are inserted several 1968 letters to and from Dickerman.","When he retired from The Wilderness Society in 1976 and moved to his nephew's newly acquired mountain farm near Buffalo Gap in Swoope, Augusta County, Virginia, he was almost immediately elected president of the Virginia Wilderness Committee. At that time he inherited the organization's files prior to 1976. The Virginia Wilderness Committee (VWC) had been founded in Williamsburg at William \u0026 Mary College by a small group of private citizens in 1969 to promote the federal designation of wilderness in Virginia according to the 1964 Wilderness Act. The VWC also became involved in various other issues relevant to preservation of the natural landscape. VWC volunteers donate issues of the newsletter and occasional other VWC documents to keep these current in Dickerman's papers.","Although he held an official position in the VWC only until 1979, Dickerman was the guiding spirit in the movement for Virginia wilderness both before and long after those dates. He was widely renowned for his combination of optimism and canny strategizing, his politeness in dealing with adversaries, his sense of humor, wit, and wordsmithery. He died on July 31, 1998. In 1999, friends and colleagues produced a book of tributes titled  Ernie Dickerman, 1910-1998: A Tribute .","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 3085.  The collection was minimally reprocessed in early 2018, at which time the finding aid to the Wilderness Society Papers at the Denver Public Library was removed and added to the collection control file. Accessions from 2018 and 2019, comprising primarily correspondence, were added to the collection in June 2022 at which time the finding aid was updated accordingly. Brittle newspapers and clippings with limited research value were discarded.","Wilderness Society Records, CoONS130, Conservation Collection, The Denver Pubilc Library.","Ernie Dickerman, interviewed by Dominic Pisciotta, 1994, Sd-Arch 6-3, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.","The Ernest M. Dickerman Papers, 1904-2005, contain a wide variety of materials that document Dickerman's efforts to obtain Congressional designations of wilderness for various tracts of public land, primarily in Virginia. The collection also contains papers of the Virginia Wilderness Committee (VWC), a grass roots conservation group that Dickerman led. These papers include correspondence, maps, field notes, reports, news clippings, wilderness proposals, minutes, financial statements, newsletters and other materials, 1940 - current, with most materials dating 1962-1999. The collection documents Dickerman's activities as a leader of the movement to designate wilderness areas on public lands in the eastern United States under the Wilderness Act of 1964 and the Eastern Wilderness Act of 1975. Operating papers of the Virginia Wilderness Committee, a grass roots conservation group of which Dickerman served as president for several years, are also included.","Papers from Dickerman's early life include correspondence from his time at Oberlin College and while serving in the Army. Select correspondence and papers from immediate Dickerman family members are also included.","Series 1: Places and Policies, 1962-2001, contains maps, reports, conference agendas, environmental assessments, congressional testimony, and some correspondence dealing with specific places, topical issues, and policies of public land agencies. The Laurel Fork, Virginia folders hold the largest body of materials; Laurel Fork was Dickerman's favorite place in Virginia, and he worked intensively (and successfully) against a proposed gas line through it.","Series 2: Correspopndence and Personal Files, 1904-1999, includes carbon copies of Dickerman's outgoing letters, original incoming letters, notebooks, texts for speeches, data sheets he composed about various issues, and other items. Select correspondence and V-mail was written by Dickerman to his father while Dickerman was serving in the U.S. Army in the United States, England, and France, etc. during World War II. Correspondence also dates to Dickerman's days as a student at Oberlin College as well as his post-War years. He frequently mentions the books he's reading and searching for employment after graduation. Letters exchanged between other Dickerman family memebrs are also included.","One folder contains personal Christmas messages, biographical articles, obituaries, and remembrances. Judson Dickerman and Adele Miller Dickerman's wedding book includes photographs, lists of wedding invitees, and gifts received. A folder of family photographs also includes photos of Charles M. Schwab and his wife Eurana Dinkey Schwab. Their connection to the Dickermans is unclear.","Series 3: Virginia Wilderness Committee, 1969-2005, includes operational documents including minutes, financial reports, newsletters, Virginia Wilderness coalition notes, the 1984 Virginia Wilderness Bill, and wilderness proposals.","Series 4: Maps, 1936-1991, contains 25 maps described at an item level in the container list.","With lines probably indicating proposed wilderness.","Overlay with proposed wilderness boundaries.","With attached information.","With attached information.","With attached information.","With attached information.","A duplicate copy of Elizabeth Murray's, ed.  Ernie Dickerman, 1910-1998: A Tribute  (The Wilderness Society, 1999) was removed from the collection and added to the Special Collections rare book holdings. A copy is also retained in the collection.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Ernest M. Dickerman Papers, 1904-2005, contain a wide variety of materials that document Dickerman's efforts to obtain Congressional designations of wilderness for various tracts of public land, primarily in Virginia. The collection also contains papers of the Virginia Wilderness Committee (VWC), a grass roots conservation group that Dickerman led. Correspondence from his time at Oberlin College and while serving in the Army is included.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Wilderness Society (U.S.)","United States (Title of work: Wilderness Act.)","United States. Forest Service -- History","Virginia Wilderness Committee","United States (Title of work: Wilderness Act of 1984.)","United States (Title of work: Wilderness Act of 1988.)","United States (Title of work: Eastern Wilderness Areas Act of 1975.)","Sierra Club. Virginia Chapter","Dickerman, Ernest M. (Ernest Miller), 1910-1998","Dickerman, C. Robert (Charles Robert), 1936-2018","Dickerman, Eleanor F.","Cameron, Lynn","Dickerman, Ernest M. (Ernest Miller), 1910-1998 -- Correspondence","Schwab, Charles M., 1862-1939","Schwab, Emma Eurana Dinkey, 1883-1939","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0143"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Ernest M. Dickerman papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Ernest M. Dickerman papers"],"collection_ssim":["Ernest M. Dickerman papers"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Saint Mary's Wilderness (Va.)","James River Face Wilderness Area (Va.)","Ramsey's Draft Wilderness (Va.)","Mountain Lake Wilderness Area (Va.)","Peters Mountain Wilderness Area (Va.)","Rich Hole Roadless Area (Va.)","George Washington National Forest (Va. and W. Va.)","Jefferson National Forest"],"geogname_ssim":["Saint Mary's Wilderness (Va.)","James River Face Wilderness Area (Va.)","Ramsey's Draft Wilderness (Va.)","Mountain Lake Wilderness Area (Va.)","Peters Mountain Wilderness Area (Va.)","Rich Hole Roadless Area (Va.)","George Washington National Forest (Va. and W. Va.)","Jefferson National Forest"],"creator_ssm":["Dickerman, Ernest M. (Ernest Miller), 1910-1998","Dickerman, C. Robert (Charles Robert), 1936-2018","Dickerman, Eleanor F.","Cameron, Lynn","Dickerman, Ernest M. (Ernest Miller), 1910-1998"],"creator_ssim":["Dickerman, Ernest M. (Ernest Miller), 1910-1998","Dickerman, C. Robert (Charles Robert), 1936-2018","Dickerman, Eleanor F.","Cameron, Lynn","Dickerman, Ernest M. (Ernest Miller), 1910-1998"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Dickerman, Ernest M. (Ernest Miller), 1910-1998","Dickerman, C. Robert (Charles Robert), 1936-2018","Dickerman, Eleanor F.","Cameron, Lynn","Dickerman, Ernest M. (Ernest Miller), 1910-1998"],"creators_ssim":["Dickerman, Ernest M. (Ernest Miller), 1910-1998","Dickerman, C. Robert (Charles Robert), 1936-2018","Dickerman, Eleanor F.","Cameron, Lynn","Dickerman, Ernest M. (Ernest Miller), 1910-1998"],"places_ssim":["Saint Mary's Wilderness (Va.)","James River Face Wilderness Area (Va.)","Ramsey's Draft Wilderness (Va.)","Mountain Lake Wilderness Area (Va.)","Peters Mountain Wilderness Area (Va.)","Rich Hole Roadless Area (Va.)","George Washington National Forest (Va. and W. Va.)","Jefferson National Forest"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Ernest M. Dickerman in November 1994. After Dickerman's death in 1998, several additions of papers were donated by his nephew and executor, C. Robert \"Bob\" Dickerman. Eleanor Dickerman, Ernest's half-sister, also donated an addition in 2019."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Wilderness areas -- Virginia -- Management","Wilderness areas -- Law and legislation","Environmental protection -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Citizen participation","National parks and reserves -- United States -- Southern Region","National parks and reserves -- United States -- Virginia","Forest reserves -- Multiple use","Forest reserves -- Recreational use","Forest management","Wildlife management","Wildlife refuges -- United States -- Southern Region","Forest policy -- United States -- History","Forests and forestry -- History","Lobbying -- Law and legislation","Lobbyists -- United States","Wildlife conservationists -- Virginia","Maps (documents)","Letters (correspondence)","Proposals"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Wilderness areas -- Virginia -- Management","Wilderness areas -- Law and legislation","Environmental protection -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Citizen participation","National parks and reserves -- United States -- Southern Region","National parks and reserves -- United States -- Virginia","Forest reserves -- Multiple use","Forest reserves -- Recreational use","Forest management","Wildlife management","Wildlife refuges -- United States -- Southern Region","Forest policy -- United States -- History","Forests and forestry -- History","Lobbying -- Law and legislation","Lobbyists -- United States","Wildlife conservationists -- Virginia","Maps (documents)","Letters (correspondence)","Proposals"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["5.41 cubic feet 6 boxes, 1 rolled storage container, 1 flat file"],"extent_tesim":["5.41 cubic feet 6 boxes, 1 rolled storage container, 1 flat file"],"genreform_ssim":["Maps (documents)","Letters (correspondence)","Proposals"],"date_range_isim":[1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe front and back covers of the Dickerman wedding book are suffering from red rot. Overall, the book is particularly fragile and should be handled accordingly.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The front and back covers of the Dickerman wedding book are suffering from red rot. Overall, the book is particularly fragile and should be handled accordingly."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in five series:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePlaces and Policies, 1962-2001\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eCorrespondence and Personal Files, 1904-1999\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eVirginia Wilderness Committee (VWC), 1969-2005\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eMaps, 1936-1991\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in five series:","Places and Policies, 1962-2001 Correspondence and Personal Files, 1904-1999 Virginia Wilderness Committee (VWC), 1969-2005 Maps, 1936-1991"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003e\"Grandad of the Eastern Wilderness,\" \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSierra Magazine\u003c/emph\u003e, Nov/Dec, 1986.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eBolgiano, Chris. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Appalachian Forest, A Search for Roots and Renewal\u003c/emph\u003e. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 1998. \u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eMurray, Elizabeth, ed. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eErnie Dickerman, 1910-1998: A Tribute\u003c/emph\u003e. The Wilderness Society, 1999.\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["\"Grandad of the Eastern Wilderness,\"  Sierra Magazine , Nov/Dec, 1986.","Bolgiano, Chris.  The Appalachian Forest, A Search for Roots and Renewal . Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 1998. ","Murray, Elizabeth, ed.  Ernie Dickerman, 1910-1998: A Tribute . The Wilderness Society, 1999."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eErnest M. Dickerman was born December 22, 1910 to Judson Charles Dickerman (1873-1967) and Adela Miller Dickerman (1874-1920) in Austin, Illinois. His family moved to the Adirondacks in New York when Dickerman was three years old. When he was about six years old, the family moved to Richmond, Virginia where his mother died of tuberculosis when Dickerman was nine. Sometime later, the family moved to Roanoke. Dickerman attended Gettysburg Academy and Oberlin College (class of 1931). In 1934 he began working for the newly created Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) in Knoxville, Tennessee. Immediately, he fell in love with the Great Smoky Mountains, met conservationist Harvey Broome, and became deeply involved in the battles to preserve the Great Smoky Mountains National Park from development. He was a 1936 charter member of The Wilderness Society and knew many of the greatest conservationists of the day, including Bob Marshall, Sigurd Olson, Olaus Murie, and Howard Zahniser.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter a few years at TVA, Dickerman took a job with a plastics molding firm (apparently called the Patent Button Co. of Tennessee), also in Knoxville. He retired from a position as production manager in 1966, and in 1969 moved to the headquarters office of The Wilderness Society in Washington, D.C. as a staff organizer. He traveled frequently to teach citizens how to identify, map, and build support for wilderness areas throughout the East and Midwest. He also lobbied Congress on numerous wilderness bills, wrestled with federal land managing agencies (Forest Service, National Park Service, Fish \u0026amp; Wildlife Service), and was highly instrumental in passage of the 1975 Eastern Wilderness Bill. During the 1960s Dickerman also served as manager for the Robert Marshall Wilderness Fund, as evidenced by a notebook of typed minutes from the first thirteen years of the Fund (established by the will of Robert Marshall), 1940-1953, in which are inserted several 1968 letters to and from Dickerman.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhen he retired from The Wilderness Society in 1976 and moved to his nephew's newly acquired mountain farm near Buffalo Gap in Swoope, Augusta County, Virginia, he was almost immediately elected president of the Virginia Wilderness Committee. At that time he inherited the organization's files prior to 1976. The Virginia Wilderness Committee (VWC) had been founded in Williamsburg at William \u0026amp; Mary College by a small group of private citizens in 1969 to promote the federal designation of wilderness in Virginia according to the 1964 Wilderness Act. The VWC also became involved in various other issues relevant to preservation of the natural landscape. VWC volunteers donate issues of the newsletter and occasional other VWC documents to keep these current in Dickerman's papers.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlthough he held an official position in the VWC only until 1979, Dickerman was the guiding spirit in the movement for Virginia wilderness both before and long after those dates. He was widely renowned for his combination of optimism and canny strategizing, his politeness in dealing with adversaries, his sense of humor, wit, and wordsmithery. He died on July 31, 1998. In 1999, friends and colleagues produced a book of tributes titled \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eErnie Dickerman, 1910-1998: A Tribute\u003c/emph\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Ernest M. Dickerman was born December 22, 1910 to Judson Charles Dickerman (1873-1967) and Adela Miller Dickerman (1874-1920) in Austin, Illinois. His family moved to the Adirondacks in New York when Dickerman was three years old. When he was about six years old, the family moved to Richmond, Virginia where his mother died of tuberculosis when Dickerman was nine. Sometime later, the family moved to Roanoke. Dickerman attended Gettysburg Academy and Oberlin College (class of 1931). In 1934 he began working for the newly created Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) in Knoxville, Tennessee. Immediately, he fell in love with the Great Smoky Mountains, met conservationist Harvey Broome, and became deeply involved in the battles to preserve the Great Smoky Mountains National Park from development. He was a 1936 charter member of The Wilderness Society and knew many of the greatest conservationists of the day, including Bob Marshall, Sigurd Olson, Olaus Murie, and Howard Zahniser.","After a few years at TVA, Dickerman took a job with a plastics molding firm (apparently called the Patent Button Co. of Tennessee), also in Knoxville. He retired from a position as production manager in 1966, and in 1969 moved to the headquarters office of The Wilderness Society in Washington, D.C. as a staff organizer. He traveled frequently to teach citizens how to identify, map, and build support for wilderness areas throughout the East and Midwest. He also lobbied Congress on numerous wilderness bills, wrestled with federal land managing agencies (Forest Service, National Park Service, Fish \u0026 Wildlife Service), and was highly instrumental in passage of the 1975 Eastern Wilderness Bill. During the 1960s Dickerman also served as manager for the Robert Marshall Wilderness Fund, as evidenced by a notebook of typed minutes from the first thirteen years of the Fund (established by the will of Robert Marshall), 1940-1953, in which are inserted several 1968 letters to and from Dickerman.","When he retired from The Wilderness Society in 1976 and moved to his nephew's newly acquired mountain farm near Buffalo Gap in Swoope, Augusta County, Virginia, he was almost immediately elected president of the Virginia Wilderness Committee. At that time he inherited the organization's files prior to 1976. The Virginia Wilderness Committee (VWC) had been founded in Williamsburg at William \u0026 Mary College by a small group of private citizens in 1969 to promote the federal designation of wilderness in Virginia according to the 1964 Wilderness Act. The VWC also became involved in various other issues relevant to preservation of the natural landscape. VWC volunteers donate issues of the newsletter and occasional other VWC documents to keep these current in Dickerman's papers.","Although he held an official position in the VWC only until 1979, Dickerman was the guiding spirit in the movement for Virginia wilderness both before and long after those dates. He was widely renowned for his combination of optimism and canny strategizing, his politeness in dealing with adversaries, his sense of humor, wit, and wordsmithery. He died on July 31, 1998. In 1999, friends and colleagues produced a book of tributes titled  Ernie Dickerman, 1910-1998: A Tribute ."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box # folder #], Ernest M. Dickerman Papers, 1904-2005, SC 0143, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box # folder #], Ernest M. Dickerman Papers, 1904-2005, SC 0143, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThis collection was previously cataloged as SC 3085.\u003c/emph\u003e The collection was minimally reprocessed in early 2018, at which time the finding aid to the Wilderness Society Papers at the Denver Public Library was removed and added to the collection control file. Accessions from 2018 and 2019, comprising primarily correspondence, were added to the collection in June 2022 at which time the finding aid was updated accordingly. Brittle newspapers and clippings with limited research value were discarded.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 3085.  The collection was minimally reprocessed in early 2018, at which time the finding aid to the Wilderness Society Papers at the Denver Public Library was removed and added to the collection control file. Accessions from 2018 and 2019, comprising primarily correspondence, were added to the collection in June 2022 at which time the finding aid was updated accordingly. Brittle newspapers and clippings with limited research value were discarded."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWilderness Society Records, CoONS130, Conservation Collection, The Denver Pubilc Library.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eErnie Dickerman, interviewed by Dominic Pisciotta, 1994, Sd-Arch 6-3, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Wilderness Society Records, CoONS130, Conservation Collection, The Denver Pubilc Library.","Ernie Dickerman, interviewed by Dominic Pisciotta, 1994, Sd-Arch 6-3, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Ernest M. Dickerman Papers, 1904-2005, contain a wide variety of materials that document Dickerman's efforts to obtain Congressional designations of wilderness for various tracts of public land, primarily in Virginia. The collection also contains papers of the Virginia Wilderness Committee (VWC), a grass roots conservation group that Dickerman led. These papers include correspondence, maps, field notes, reports, news clippings, wilderness proposals, minutes, financial statements, newsletters and other materials, 1940 - current, with most materials dating 1962-1999. The collection documents Dickerman's activities as a leader of the movement to designate wilderness areas on public lands in the eastern United States under the Wilderness Act of 1964 and the Eastern Wilderness Act of 1975. Operating papers of the Virginia Wilderness Committee, a grass roots conservation group of which Dickerman served as president for several years, are also included.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePapers from Dickerman's early life include correspondence from his time at Oberlin College and while serving in the Army. Select correspondence and papers from immediate Dickerman family members are also included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Places and Policies, 1962-2001, contains maps, reports, conference agendas, environmental assessments, congressional testimony, and some correspondence dealing with specific places, topical issues, and policies of public land agencies. The Laurel Fork, Virginia folders hold the largest body of materials; Laurel Fork was Dickerman's favorite place in Virginia, and he worked intensively (and successfully) against a proposed gas line through it.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Correspopndence and Personal Files, 1904-1999, includes carbon copies of Dickerman's outgoing letters, original incoming letters, notebooks, texts for speeches, data sheets he composed about various issues, and other items. Select correspondence and V-mail was written by Dickerman to his father while Dickerman was serving in the U.S. Army in the United States, England, and France, etc. during World War II. Correspondence also dates to Dickerman's days as a student at Oberlin College as well as his post-War years. He frequently mentions the books he's reading and searching for employment after graduation. Letters exchanged between other Dickerman family memebrs are also included.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOne folder contains personal Christmas messages, biographical articles, obituaries, and remembrances. Judson Dickerman and Adele Miller Dickerman's wedding book includes photographs, lists of wedding invitees, and gifts received. A folder of family photographs also includes photos of Charles M. Schwab and his wife Eurana Dinkey Schwab. Their connection to the Dickermans is unclear.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Virginia Wilderness Committee, 1969-2005, includes operational documents including minutes, financial reports, newsletters, Virginia Wilderness coalition notes, the 1984 Virginia Wilderness Bill, and wilderness proposals.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Maps, 1936-1991, contains 25 maps described at an item level in the container list.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith lines probably indicating proposed wilderness.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOverlay with proposed wilderness boundaries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith attached information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith attached information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith attached information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith attached information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Ernest M. Dickerman Papers, 1904-2005, contain a wide variety of materials that document Dickerman's efforts to obtain Congressional designations of wilderness for various tracts of public land, primarily in Virginia. The collection also contains papers of the Virginia Wilderness Committee (VWC), a grass roots conservation group that Dickerman led. These papers include correspondence, maps, field notes, reports, news clippings, wilderness proposals, minutes, financial statements, newsletters and other materials, 1940 - current, with most materials dating 1962-1999. The collection documents Dickerman's activities as a leader of the movement to designate wilderness areas on public lands in the eastern United States under the Wilderness Act of 1964 and the Eastern Wilderness Act of 1975. Operating papers of the Virginia Wilderness Committee, a grass roots conservation group of which Dickerman served as president for several years, are also included.","Papers from Dickerman's early life include correspondence from his time at Oberlin College and while serving in the Army. Select correspondence and papers from immediate Dickerman family members are also included.","Series 1: Places and Policies, 1962-2001, contains maps, reports, conference agendas, environmental assessments, congressional testimony, and some correspondence dealing with specific places, topical issues, and policies of public land agencies. The Laurel Fork, Virginia folders hold the largest body of materials; Laurel Fork was Dickerman's favorite place in Virginia, and he worked intensively (and successfully) against a proposed gas line through it.","Series 2: Correspopndence and Personal Files, 1904-1999, includes carbon copies of Dickerman's outgoing letters, original incoming letters, notebooks, texts for speeches, data sheets he composed about various issues, and other items. Select correspondence and V-mail was written by Dickerman to his father while Dickerman was serving in the U.S. Army in the United States, England, and France, etc. during World War II. Correspondence also dates to Dickerman's days as a student at Oberlin College as well as his post-War years. He frequently mentions the books he's reading and searching for employment after graduation. Letters exchanged between other Dickerman family memebrs are also included.","One folder contains personal Christmas messages, biographical articles, obituaries, and remembrances. Judson Dickerman and Adele Miller Dickerman's wedding book includes photographs, lists of wedding invitees, and gifts received. A folder of family photographs also includes photos of Charles M. Schwab and his wife Eurana Dinkey Schwab. Their connection to the Dickermans is unclear.","Series 3: Virginia Wilderness Committee, 1969-2005, includes operational documents including minutes, financial reports, newsletters, Virginia Wilderness coalition notes, the 1984 Virginia Wilderness Bill, and wilderness proposals.","Series 4: Maps, 1936-1991, contains 25 maps described at an item level in the container list.","With lines probably indicating proposed wilderness.","Overlay with proposed wilderness boundaries.","With attached information.","With attached information.","With attached information.","With attached information."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA duplicate copy of Elizabeth Murray's, ed. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eErnie Dickerman, 1910-1998: A Tribute\u003c/emph\u003e (The Wilderness Society, 1999) was removed from the collection and added to the Special Collections rare book holdings. A copy is also retained in the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Material"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["A duplicate copy of Elizabeth Murray's, ed.  Ernie Dickerman, 1910-1998: A Tribute  (The Wilderness Society, 1999) was removed from the collection and added to the Special Collections rare book holdings. A copy is also retained in the collection."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_5b4566c87e7ff232a8bea389aa888ac7\"\u003eThe Ernest M. Dickerman Papers, 1904-2005, contain a wide variety of materials that document Dickerman's efforts to obtain Congressional designations of wilderness for various tracts of public land, primarily in Virginia. The collection also contains papers of the Virginia Wilderness Committee (VWC), a grass roots conservation group that Dickerman led. Correspondence from his time at Oberlin College and while serving in the Army is included.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Ernest M. Dickerman Papers, 1904-2005, contain a wide variety of materials that document Dickerman's efforts to obtain Congressional designations of wilderness for various tracts of public land, primarily in Virginia. The collection also contains papers of the Virginia Wilderness Committee (VWC), a grass roots conservation group that Dickerman led. Correspondence from his time at Oberlin College and while serving in the Army is included."],"names_coll_ssim":["Wilderness Society (U.S.)","United States (Title of work: Wilderness Act.)","United States. Forest Service -- History","Virginia Wilderness Committee","United States (Title of work: Wilderness Act of 1984.)","United States (Title of work: Wilderness Act of 1988.)","United States (Title of work: Eastern Wilderness Areas Act of 1975.)","Sierra Club. Virginia Chapter","Dickerman, Ernest M. (Ernest Miller), 1910-1998","Dickerman, C. Robert (Charles Robert), 1936-2018","Dickerman, Eleanor F.","Cameron, Lynn","Dickerman, Ernest M. (Ernest Miller), 1910-1998","Dickerman, Ernest M. (Ernest Miller), 1910-1998 -- Correspondence"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Wilderness Society (U.S.)","United States (Title of work: Wilderness Act.)","United States. Forest Service -- History","Virginia Wilderness Committee","United States (Title of work: Wilderness Act of 1984.)","United States (Title of work: Wilderness Act of 1988.)","United States (Title of work: Eastern Wilderness Areas Act of 1975.)","Sierra Club. Virginia Chapter","Dickerman, Ernest M. (Ernest Miller), 1910-1998","Dickerman, C. Robert (Charles Robert), 1936-2018","Dickerman, Eleanor F.","Cameron, Lynn","Dickerman, Ernest M. (Ernest Miller), 1910-1998 -- Correspondence","Schwab, Charles M., 1862-1939","Schwab, Emma Eurana Dinkey, 1883-1939"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Wilderness Society (U.S.)","United States (Title of work: Wilderness Act.)","United States. Forest Service -- History","Virginia Wilderness Committee","United States (Title of work: Wilderness Act of 1984.)","United States (Title of work: Wilderness Act of 1988.)","United States (Title of work: Eastern Wilderness Areas Act of 1975.)","Sierra Club. Virginia Chapter"],"persname_ssim":["Dickerman, Ernest M. (Ernest Miller), 1910-1998","Dickerman, C. Robert (Charles Robert), 1936-2018","Dickerman, Eleanor F.","Cameron, Lynn","Dickerman, Ernest M. (Ernest Miller), 1910-1998 -- Correspondence","Schwab, Charles M., 1862-1939","Schwab, Emma Eurana Dinkey, 1883-1939"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":127,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:22:51.369Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_288_c04_c01"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_632_c06_c01","type":"Subgroup","attributes":{"title":"Photographs","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_632_c06_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_632_c06_c01","ref_ssm":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_632_c06_c01"],"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_632_c06_c01","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_632","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_632","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_632_c06","parent_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_632_c06","parent_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_632","vihart_repositories_4_resources_632_c06"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_632","vihart_repositories_4_resources_632_c06"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Robert James Sullivan Jr. papers","Photographs and Slides"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Robert James Sullivan Jr. papers","Photographs and Slides"],"text":["Robert James Sullivan Jr. papers","Photographs and Slides","Photographs"],"title_filing_ssi":"Photographs","title_ssm":["Photographs"],"title_tesim":["Photographs"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1930-2006"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1930/2006"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Photographs"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"collection_ssim":["Robert James Sullivan Jr. papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":46,"level_ssm":["Subgroup"],"level_ssim":["Subgroup"],"sort_isi":223,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"date_range_isim":[1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006],"_nest_path_":"/components#5/components#0","timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:21:32.588Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_632","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_632","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_632","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_632","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_632.xml","title_ssm":["Robert James Sullivan Jr. papers"],"title_tesim":["Robert James Sullivan Jr. papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1930-2013"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1930-2013"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0003","/repositories/4/resources/632"],"text":["SC 0003","/repositories/4/resources/632","Robert James Sullivan Jr. papers","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History -- 21st century","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- Description and travel","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- Politics and government","Newtown (Rockingham County, Va.)","Virginia -- History, Local","City planning -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Community development, Urban -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Letters (correspondence)","Color slides","Digital images","Photographs","Annual reports","Maps (documents)","Newspaper clippings","Scrapbooks","Pamphlets","Drawings (visual works)","Brochures","Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","All slides within series 6: Photographs and Slides, have been digitized and are available within JMU Scholarly Commons  (https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/rjs/).","The papers are arranged in six series. Series 1: Reports and Series 2: City of Harrisonburg are arranged further into subseries. All series and subseries arranged chronologically.","Reports, 1946-1992 City of Harrisonburg, 1958-2012 Personal Papers, 1952-2013 Scrapbooks and Newspaper, 1945-2012 Maps, 1958-2003 Photographs and Slides, circa 1930-2012","Arranged topically.","Arranged under two headings: Photographs, and Slides. Photographs are arranged chronologically, and Slides are arranged topically.","Robert \"Bobby\" James Sullivan Jr. was born on November 18, 1937 in Harrisonburg, Virginia and was the eldest son of the late Robert J. Sullivan Sr. and Goldie Liskey Sullivan. He passed away on February 4, 2013. Sullivan graduated from Harrisonburg High School in 1956 and received a Bachelor of Science degree from Mount St. Mary's College in 1960 and a master's degree in Public Administration from the University of Pittsburgh in 1962. He married Kathleen Marie Donovan on June 27, 1964.","Sullivan was the City Planner for the city of Harrisonburg from 1965-1991 during the years that saw Urban Redevelopment for parts of the city as well as growth through annexation. He also taught as an adjunct Assistant Professor of Political Science for James Madison University from 1970-2006. See folder titled \"Background Information, Robert J. Sullivan, Jr., August 1998\" from the Personal Papers series for details of his life and career.","Known locally as the \"unofficial historian\" of Harrisonburg, Sullivan often spoke to groups about the history of Harrisonburg. He was responsible for creating walking tours of downtown Harrisonburg first with his JMU Political Science classes, and later with the larger community.","Sullivan was a life-long member of Blessed Sacrament parish and a member of the Knights of Columbus. He served on the Rockingham Public Library Board and the Salvation Army Advisory Board for over thirty years. He was especially fond of the Harrisonburg High School athletic teams and was recognized as the Harrisonburg Blue Streaks biggest fan when he was inducted into the Harrisonburg High School Hall of Fame as part of the inaugural class of 2008.","When this collection was received from the donor, some materials had been wet and suffered from mold damage. Materials with excessive water damage or mold were photocopied and the originals discarded.","SdArch 2-3 : Oral history interview [sound recording] / Bob Sullivan ; interviewed by Amy Accles, forms part of Court Square, Harrisonburg, Virginia, an oral history project. Transcript also available in Special Collections and the circulating collection: F234.H31 A29 1990.","The Harrisonburg, VA branch of the Massanutten Regional Library holds 36 scrapbooks created by Sullivan from the years 1965-2001. These scrapbooks are cataloged under the title \"Harrisonburg Civic Scrapbook.\"","The Robert James Sullivan Jr. Papers consist of materials that Sullivan created and collected relating mostly to the city of Harrisonburg, Virginia, where he served as the City Planner from 1965-1991. The collection contains documents related to city planning, the history and expansion of Harrisonburg, and urban renewal. Other materials document his time in the Political Science Department at James Madison University as well as the walking tours he led of downtown Harrisonburg. His personal papers include newspaper clippings, correspondence, and other documents relating to his life and career. Also contained in the collection are a large number of photographs and slides that Sullivan took that capture the growth and changes in Harrisonburg over time. Images of note include a panoramic view of Harrisonburg ca. 1930, photos and slides that document urban renewal projects, and images of downtown Harrisonburg, VA from the 1960s-2000s.","Arranged into three subseries: City Planning Commission Annual Reports, 1966-1981, Urban Planning Grants, 1965-1966, and Miscellaneous Reports, 1946-1992. Arranged chronologically within each series.","Subseries 1.1: City Planning Commission Annual Reports, 1966-1981, contains a continuous run of annual reports for the City Planning Commission from 1965 through 1981. These annual reports include planning commission highlights and monthly summaries of activities. The 1965-1966 report notes that Robert J. Sullivan Jr. took over the duties of Planning Director on October 1, 1965.","Subseries 1.2: Urban Planning Grants, 1965-1966, contains reports prepared under the contract for the Local Planning Section: Department of Conservation and Economic Development, State of Virginia. The preparation of these reports was funded in part through an urban planning grant from the Housing and Home Finance Agency. The reports contain analysis of various aspects of the city of Harrisonburg, including population statistics and information pertaining to residential neighborhoods and the downtown area. These Urban Planning Grants also include a 1966 comprehensive plan for development over the following twenty years as well as a summary report of that plan. These reports were office copies that belonged to Robert James Sullivan Jr. and have his name written on the cover. Because of excessive mold on these reports, all items from this subseries have been photocopied and originals discarded.","Subseries 1.3: Miscellaneous City Planning Reports, 1946-1992, contains various other reports that relate to city planning in Harrisonburg or city planning in general. Two reports relate to city planning in Norfolk, Virginia from the 1940s and 1950s and document urban renewal or \"slum clearance\" efforts there. Box 1 folder 27 contains an outline of the history of City Planning in Harrisonburg, beginning with the establishment of the Planning Commission in March, 1938. The report titled Harrisonburg: \"The City with the Planned Future,\" contains a detailed history of the founding and growth of Harrisonburg, including population statistics and documentation of land annexation as well a listing of the members of City Council from 1849-2006.","Arranged into two subseries: City Planning, 1960-2012, and Harrisonburg History, 1958-2008. Arranged chronologically within each series.","Subseries 2.1: City Planning, 1960-2012, contains materials that Sullivan created in his role as City Planner, or that relate to city planning functions. Types of materials include photos and other documents related to the Northeast Urban Redevelopment Project, newspaper articles about city planning and the growth and development of Harrisonburg, and documents relating to zoning and historic district status. The folders titled \"What do you think of Federal Aid? Photos and description,\" contain a document written in 2012 by Sullivan explaining the history of urban redevelopment in Harrisonburg, and his role in the \"slum clearance\" projects of the 1950s and 1960s.","Subseries 2.2: Harrisonburg History, 1958-2008, contains materials collected by Sullivan that relate to the history of Harrisonburg, as well as materials he created related to the history and development of the city. Sullivan was known as the \"unofficial historian of Harrisonburg\" and materials in this subseries document the history and development of Harrisonburg. Items of note include original drawings of downtown Harrisonburg from the 1950s and 1960s as well as posters and brochures that contain Sullivan's sketches for the 1980 Bicentennial celebration. Other materials include the text of various talks Sullivan gave on the history of Harrisonburg to various groups in town.","Arranged Chronologically. Materials in the Personal Papers series document Sullivan's professional activities as well as his time as an instructor in the Political Science Department at James Madison University. Please note that the folder titled \"JMU Classes - Evaluations,\" do not contain student grades or performance evaluations, but rather contain evaluations completed by students about Sullivan's performance as an instructor. For details of Sullivan's life and career highlights please see the folder titled \"Background Information Robert J. Sullivan Jr., August 1998.\"","Arranged Chronologically. The Scrapbooks and Newspaper series consists of newspaper clippings collected by Sullivan, either loose in folders, or pasted into scrapbook pages, that document city planning activities primarily in Harrisonburg, VA. Most newspaper clippings come from the Harrisonburg Daily News-Record. In addition to clippings that document city planning efforts, Sullivan also collected clippings that relate to historical aspects of Harrisonburg, particularly those that feature images of Harrisonburg from the past. The folder titled \"Old Times\" : News and photos from the Daily News-Record contains a copy of the front page of the Daily News-Record from 1945 that reports on the ending of World War II. Please note that the scrapbooks in box 5, folders 4-7 are photocopies of the original scrapbooks. The original scrapbooks suffered from mold damage and were not retained.","The maps series contains maps produced or used by the Harrisonburg Housing and Redevelopment Authority that document homes and businesses in areas of Harrisonburg slated for demolition through urban renewal initiatives. Other city planning maps include hand-drawn maps created by Sullivan that show the growth of Harrisonburg over time and through annexation, as well as miscellaneous maps of Harrrisonburg and Rockingham County collected from various sources. Map identifier is located on the back of each item in the bottom right corner.","Broad Street, Mason Street, N. Main Street","Broad Street, E. Gay St.","N. Mason St, Rock St.","Effinger St., Broad St.","N. Mason, E. Rock St.","Broad St., Rock St.","Broad St., Rock St.","Broad St., E. Rock St.","This series comprises photographic prints and slides created or collected by Sullivan that primarily document neighborhoods, buildings, and other locations in and around Harrisonburg, Virginia from circa 1930 to 2006.\nImages document the areas of Harrisonburg targeted for urban renewal in the 1960s, street widening and other planning commission projects, as well as buildings and other features of downtown Harrisonburg from the 1960s-early 2000s. Images in this series were taken and used by Sullivan both in his professional capacity as City Planning Director, as well as for personal use. Other content found among this series includes images of Harrisonburg High School football games in the early 2000s as well as images of JMU students in classes taught by Sullivan and on walking tours conducted as part of his courses from 1990-2006. Items identified as photo albums in the inventory were removed from their original albums and foldered individually with corresponding captions as folder titles.","\nAll slides have been digitized and are available within JMU Scholarly Commons  (https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/rjs/).  Slides are arranged topically from the original arrangement created by Sullivan, and are listed alphabetically. Descriptive titles for the topical groupings listed in the inventory were transcribed from Sullivan's own description, written onto slide reel boxes. Additionally, Sullivan wrote item level image description onto most slides in the collection. That descriptive information is listed as the image title when viewing the images within JMU Scholarly Commons.","Most slide images document Harrisonburg and the surrounding area from the 1960s-1980s. Other content includes images of Reston, VA, and Durham, NC that feature housing complexes and downtown areas. Note that images of Harrisonburg are found within the grouping labeled as \"Durham, NC,\" as well as in the grouping titled \"non-H'burg.\"","Includes Turkey Statue - \"Welcome to Rockingham County Turkey Capital.\"","Harrisonburg \"City Hall\" Bryan Mabry, Harrisonburg School Board Office, VA Quilt Museum, Massanutten Regional Library, Rockingham County Office Building, Rockingham County Court House, Rockingham-Harrisonburg Judicial Center, Rockingham-Harrisonburg Dept. of Health and Social Services, J. R. Lineweaver Apartments, Harrisonburg Fire Station #4, VA Dept. of Taxation Office, ABC Store, Rockingham Co. Government Administration Center, Rockingham Harrisonburg Judicial Center, Harrisonburg Electric Commission, Court House Clock Tower","Two aerials of Harrisonburg and one of JMU.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Robert James Sullivan Jr. Papers consist of professional and personal records and reports, and document Sullivan's time as City Planner of Harrisonburg from 1965-1991, his career in the Political Science Department at James Madison University, and work as the \"unofficial historian\" of Harrisonburg. Materials include city planning reports, newspaper articles, photographs, scrapbooks, and maps.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Madison College -- Faculty","Madison College -- History","James Madison University -- Faculty","James Madison University -- History","Sullivan, Robert James, Jr., 1937-2013","Sullivan, Kathleen","Caldwell, Martha B. (Martha Belle), 1931-2020","Marshall, Caroline T., 1938-2018","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0003","/repositories/4/resources/632"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Robert James Sullivan Jr. papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Robert James Sullivan Jr. papers"],"collection_ssim":["Robert James Sullivan Jr. papers"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History -- 21st century","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- Description and travel","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- Politics and government","Newtown (Rockingham County, Va.)","Virginia -- History, Local"],"geogname_ssim":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History -- 21st century","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- Description and travel","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- Politics and government","Newtown (Rockingham County, Va.)","Virginia -- History, Local"],"creator_ssm":["Sullivan, Robert James, Jr., 1937-2013","Sullivan, Kathleen"],"creator_ssim":["Sullivan, Robert James, Jr., 1937-2013","Sullivan, Kathleen"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Sullivan, Robert James, Jr., 1937-2013","Sullivan, Kathleen"],"creators_ssim":["Sullivan, Robert James, Jr., 1937-2013","Sullivan, Kathleen"],"places_ssim":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History -- 21st century","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- Description and travel","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- Politics and government","Newtown (Rockingham County, Va.)","Virginia -- History, Local"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was donated by Kathleen Sullivan, wife of Robert James Sullivan Jr., in two separate donations in April 2014 and August 2015."],"access_subjects_ssim":["City planning -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Community development, Urban -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Letters (correspondence)","Color slides","Digital images","Photographs","Annual reports","Maps (documents)","Newspaper clippings","Scrapbooks","Pamphlets","Drawings (visual works)","Brochures"],"access_subjects_ssm":["City planning -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Community development, Urban -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Letters (correspondence)","Color slides","Digital images","Photographs","Annual reports","Maps (documents)","Newspaper clippings","Scrapbooks","Pamphlets","Drawings (visual works)","Brochures"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["8.53 cubic feet 12 boxes, 4 flat files"],"extent_tesim":["8.53 cubic feet 12 boxes, 4 flat files"],"genreform_ssim":["Letters (correspondence)","Color slides","Digital images","Photographs","Annual reports","Maps (documents)","Newspaper clippings","Scrapbooks","Pamphlets","Drawings (visual works)","Brochures"],"date_range_isim":[1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll slides within series 6: Photographs and Slides, have been digitized and are available within JMU Scholarly Commons \u003cextref type=\"simple\" actuate=\"onRequest\" show=\"new\" href=\"https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/rjs/\"\u003e(https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/rjs/).\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Other Formats Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["All slides within series 6: Photographs and Slides, have been digitized and are available within JMU Scholarly Commons  (https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/rjs/)."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers are arranged in six series. Series 1: Reports and Series 2: City of Harrisonburg are arranged further into subseries. All series and subseries arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eReports, 1946-1992\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eCity of Harrisonburg, 1958-2012\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePersonal Papers, 1952-2013\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eScrapbooks and Newspaper, 1945-2012\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eMaps, 1958-2003\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePhotographs and Slides, circa 1930-2012\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged topically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged under two headings: Photographs, and Slides. Photographs are arranged chronologically, and Slides are arranged topically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement","Arrangement","Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The papers are arranged in six series. Series 1: Reports and Series 2: City of Harrisonburg are arranged further into subseries. All series and subseries arranged chronologically.","Reports, 1946-1992 City of Harrisonburg, 1958-2012 Personal Papers, 1952-2013 Scrapbooks and Newspaper, 1945-2012 Maps, 1958-2003 Photographs and Slides, circa 1930-2012","Arranged topically.","Arranged under two headings: Photographs, and Slides. Photographs are arranged chronologically, and Slides are arranged topically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRobert \"Bobby\" James Sullivan Jr. was born on November 18, 1937 in Harrisonburg, Virginia and was the eldest son of the late Robert J. Sullivan Sr. and Goldie Liskey Sullivan. He passed away on February 4, 2013. Sullivan graduated from Harrisonburg High School in 1956 and received a Bachelor of Science degree from Mount St. Mary's College in 1960 and a master's degree in Public Administration from the University of Pittsburgh in 1962. He married Kathleen Marie Donovan on June 27, 1964.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSullivan was the City Planner for the city of Harrisonburg from 1965-1991 during the years that saw Urban Redevelopment for parts of the city as well as growth through annexation. He also taught as an adjunct Assistant Professor of Political Science for James Madison University from 1970-2006. See folder titled \"Background Information, Robert J. Sullivan, Jr., August 1998\" from the Personal Papers series for details of his life and career.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eKnown locally as the \"unofficial historian\" of Harrisonburg, Sullivan often spoke to groups about the history of Harrisonburg. He was responsible for creating walking tours of downtown Harrisonburg first with his JMU Political Science classes, and later with the larger community.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSullivan was a life-long member of Blessed Sacrament parish and a member of the Knights of Columbus. He served on the Rockingham Public Library Board and the Salvation Army Advisory Board for over thirty years. He was especially fond of the Harrisonburg High School athletic teams and was recognized as the Harrisonburg Blue Streaks biggest fan when he was inducted into the Harrisonburg High School Hall of Fame as part of the inaugural class of 2008.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Robert \"Bobby\" James Sullivan Jr. was born on November 18, 1937 in Harrisonburg, Virginia and was the eldest son of the late Robert J. Sullivan Sr. and Goldie Liskey Sullivan. He passed away on February 4, 2013. Sullivan graduated from Harrisonburg High School in 1956 and received a Bachelor of Science degree from Mount St. Mary's College in 1960 and a master's degree in Public Administration from the University of Pittsburgh in 1962. He married Kathleen Marie Donovan on June 27, 1964.","Sullivan was the City Planner for the city of Harrisonburg from 1965-1991 during the years that saw Urban Redevelopment for parts of the city as well as growth through annexation. He also taught as an adjunct Assistant Professor of Political Science for James Madison University from 1970-2006. See folder titled \"Background Information, Robert J. Sullivan, Jr., August 1998\" from the Personal Papers series for details of his life and career.","Known locally as the \"unofficial historian\" of Harrisonburg, Sullivan often spoke to groups about the history of Harrisonburg. He was responsible for creating walking tours of downtown Harrisonburg first with his JMU Political Science classes, and later with the larger community.","Sullivan was a life-long member of Blessed Sacrament parish and a member of the Knights of Columbus. He served on the Rockingham Public Library Board and the Salvation Army Advisory Board for over thirty years. He was especially fond of the Harrisonburg High School athletic teams and was recognized as the Harrisonburg Blue Streaks biggest fan when he was inducted into the Harrisonburg High School Hall of Fame as part of the inaugural class of 2008."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Robert James Sullivan Jr. Papers, circa 1930-2013, SC 0003, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Robert James Sullivan Jr. Papers, circa 1930-2013, SC 0003, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWhen this collection was received from the donor, some materials had been wet and suffered from mold damage. Materials with excessive water damage or mold were photocopied and the originals discarded.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["When this collection was received from the donor, some materials had been wet and suffered from mold damage. Materials with excessive water damage or mold were photocopied and the originals discarded."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSdArch 2-3 : Oral history interview [sound recording] / Bob Sullivan ; interviewed by Amy Accles, forms part of Court Square, Harrisonburg, Virginia, an oral history project. Transcript also available in Special Collections and the circulating collection: F234.H31 A29 1990.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Harrisonburg, VA branch of the Massanutten Regional Library holds 36 scrapbooks created by Sullivan from the years 1965-2001. These scrapbooks are cataloged under the title \"Harrisonburg Civic Scrapbook.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["SdArch 2-3 : Oral history interview [sound recording] / Bob Sullivan ; interviewed by Amy Accles, forms part of Court Square, Harrisonburg, Virginia, an oral history project. Transcript also available in Special Collections and the circulating collection: F234.H31 A29 1990.","The Harrisonburg, VA branch of the Massanutten Regional Library holds 36 scrapbooks created by Sullivan from the years 1965-2001. These scrapbooks are cataloged under the title \"Harrisonburg Civic Scrapbook.\""],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Robert James Sullivan Jr. Papers consist of materials that Sullivan created and collected relating mostly to the city of Harrisonburg, Virginia, where he served as the City Planner from 1965-1991. The collection contains documents related to city planning, the history and expansion of Harrisonburg, and urban renewal. Other materials document his time in the Political Science Department at James Madison University as well as the walking tours he led of downtown Harrisonburg. His personal papers include newspaper clippings, correspondence, and other documents relating to his life and career. Also contained in the collection are a large number of photographs and slides that Sullivan took that capture the growth and changes in Harrisonburg over time. Images of note include a panoramic view of Harrisonburg ca. 1930, photos and slides that document urban renewal projects, and images of downtown Harrisonburg, VA from the 1960s-2000s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged into three subseries: City Planning Commission Annual Reports, 1966-1981, Urban Planning Grants, 1965-1966, and Miscellaneous Reports, 1946-1992. Arranged chronologically within each series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 1.1: City Planning Commission Annual Reports, 1966-1981, contains a continuous run of annual reports for the City Planning Commission from 1965 through 1981. These annual reports include planning commission highlights and monthly summaries of activities. The 1965-1966 report notes that Robert J. Sullivan Jr. took over the duties of Planning Director on October 1, 1965.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 1.2: Urban Planning Grants, 1965-1966, contains reports prepared under the contract for the Local Planning Section: Department of Conservation and Economic Development, State of Virginia. The preparation of these reports was funded in part through an urban planning grant from the Housing and Home Finance Agency. The reports contain analysis of various aspects of the city of Harrisonburg, including population statistics and information pertaining to residential neighborhoods and the downtown area. These Urban Planning Grants also include a 1966 comprehensive plan for development over the following twenty years as well as a summary report of that plan. These reports were office copies that belonged to Robert James Sullivan Jr. and have his name written on the cover. Because of excessive mold on these reports, all items from this subseries have been photocopied and originals discarded.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 1.3: Miscellaneous City Planning Reports, 1946-1992, contains various other reports that relate to city planning in Harrisonburg or city planning in general. Two reports relate to city planning in Norfolk, Virginia from the 1940s and 1950s and document urban renewal or \"slum clearance\" efforts there. Box 1 folder 27 contains an outline of the history of City Planning in Harrisonburg, beginning with the establishment of the Planning Commission in March, 1938. The report titled Harrisonburg: \"The City with the Planned Future,\" contains a detailed history of the founding and growth of Harrisonburg, including population statistics and documentation of land annexation as well a listing of the members of City Council from 1849-2006.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged into two subseries: City Planning, 1960-2012, and Harrisonburg History, 1958-2008. Arranged chronologically within each series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 2.1: City Planning, 1960-2012, contains materials that Sullivan created in his role as City Planner, or that relate to city planning functions. Types of materials include photos and other documents related to the Northeast Urban Redevelopment Project, newspaper articles about city planning and the growth and development of Harrisonburg, and documents relating to zoning and historic district status. The folders titled \"What do you think of Federal Aid? Photos and description,\" contain a document written in 2012 by Sullivan explaining the history of urban redevelopment in Harrisonburg, and his role in the \"slum clearance\" projects of the 1950s and 1960s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 2.2: Harrisonburg History, 1958-2008, contains materials collected by Sullivan that relate to the history of Harrisonburg, as well as materials he created related to the history and development of the city. Sullivan was known as the \"unofficial historian of Harrisonburg\" and materials in this subseries document the history and development of Harrisonburg. Items of note include original drawings of downtown Harrisonburg from the 1950s and 1960s as well as posters and brochures that contain Sullivan's sketches for the 1980 Bicentennial celebration. Other materials include the text of various talks Sullivan gave on the history of Harrisonburg to various groups in town.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged Chronologically. Materials in the Personal Papers series document Sullivan's professional activities as well as his time as an instructor in the Political Science Department at James Madison University. Please note that the folder titled \"JMU Classes - Evaluations,\" do not contain student grades or performance evaluations, but rather contain evaluations completed by students about Sullivan's performance as an instructor. For details of Sullivan's life and career highlights please see the folder titled \"Background Information Robert J. Sullivan Jr., August 1998.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged Chronologically. The Scrapbooks and Newspaper series consists of newspaper clippings collected by Sullivan, either loose in folders, or pasted into scrapbook pages, that document city planning activities primarily in Harrisonburg, VA. Most newspaper clippings come from the Harrisonburg Daily News-Record. In addition to clippings that document city planning efforts, Sullivan also collected clippings that relate to historical aspects of Harrisonburg, particularly those that feature images of Harrisonburg from the past. The folder titled \"Old Times\" : News and photos from the Daily News-Record contains a copy of the front page of the Daily News-Record from 1945 that reports on the ending of World War II. Please note that the scrapbooks in box 5, folders 4-7 are photocopies of the original scrapbooks. The original scrapbooks suffered from mold damage and were not retained.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe maps series contains maps produced or used by the Harrisonburg Housing and Redevelopment Authority that document homes and businesses in areas of Harrisonburg slated for demolition through urban renewal initiatives. Other city planning maps include hand-drawn maps created by Sullivan that show the growth of Harrisonburg over time and through annexation, as well as miscellaneous maps of Harrrisonburg and Rockingham County collected from various sources. Map identifier is located on the back of each item in the bottom right corner.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBroad Street, Mason Street, N. Main Street\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBroad Street, E. Gay St.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eN. Mason St, Rock St.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEffinger St., Broad St.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eN. Mason, E. Rock St.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBroad St., Rock St.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBroad St., Rock St.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBroad St., E. Rock St.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series comprises photographic prints and slides created or collected by Sullivan that primarily document neighborhoods, buildings, and other locations in and around Harrisonburg, Virginia from circa 1930 to 2006.\nImages document the areas of Harrisonburg targeted for urban renewal in the 1960s, street widening and other planning commission projects, as well as buildings and other features of downtown Harrisonburg from the 1960s-early 2000s. Images in this series were taken and used by Sullivan both in his professional capacity as City Planning Director, as well as for personal use. Other content found among this series includes images of Harrisonburg High School football games in the early 2000s as well as images of JMU students in classes taught by Sullivan and on walking tours conducted as part of his courses from 1990-2006. Items identified as photo albums in the inventory were removed from their original albums and foldered individually with corresponding captions as folder titles.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nAll slides have been digitized and are available within JMU Scholarly Commons \u003cextref type=\"simple\" actuate=\"onRequest\" show=\"new\" href=\"https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/rjs/\"\u003e(https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/rjs/).\u003c/extref\u003e Slides are arranged topically from the original arrangement created by Sullivan, and are listed alphabetically. Descriptive titles for the topical groupings listed in the inventory were transcribed from Sullivan's own description, written onto slide reel boxes. Additionally, Sullivan wrote item level image description onto most slides in the collection. That descriptive information is listed as the image title when viewing the images within JMU Scholarly Commons.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMost slide images document Harrisonburg and the surrounding area from the 1960s-1980s. Other content includes images of Reston, VA, and Durham, NC that feature housing complexes and downtown areas. Note that images of Harrisonburg are found within the grouping labeled as \"Durham, NC,\" as well as in the grouping titled \"non-H'burg.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes Turkey Statue - \"Welcome to Rockingham County Turkey Capital.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarrisonburg \"City Hall\" Bryan Mabry, Harrisonburg School Board Office, VA Quilt Museum, Massanutten Regional Library, Rockingham County Office Building, Rockingham County Court House, Rockingham-Harrisonburg Judicial Center, Rockingham-Harrisonburg Dept. of Health and Social Services, J. R. Lineweaver Apartments, Harrisonburg Fire Station #4, VA Dept. of Taxation Office, ABC Store, Rockingham Co. Government Administration Center, Rockingham Harrisonburg Judicial Center, Harrisonburg Electric Commission, Court House Clock Tower\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo aerials of Harrisonburg and one of JMU.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Robert James Sullivan Jr. Papers consist of materials that Sullivan created and collected relating mostly to the city of Harrisonburg, Virginia, where he served as the City Planner from 1965-1991. The collection contains documents related to city planning, the history and expansion of Harrisonburg, and urban renewal. Other materials document his time in the Political Science Department at James Madison University as well as the walking tours he led of downtown Harrisonburg. His personal papers include newspaper clippings, correspondence, and other documents relating to his life and career. Also contained in the collection are a large number of photographs and slides that Sullivan took that capture the growth and changes in Harrisonburg over time. Images of note include a panoramic view of Harrisonburg ca. 1930, photos and slides that document urban renewal projects, and images of downtown Harrisonburg, VA from the 1960s-2000s.","Arranged into three subseries: City Planning Commission Annual Reports, 1966-1981, Urban Planning Grants, 1965-1966, and Miscellaneous Reports, 1946-1992. Arranged chronologically within each series.","Subseries 1.1: City Planning Commission Annual Reports, 1966-1981, contains a continuous run of annual reports for the City Planning Commission from 1965 through 1981. These annual reports include planning commission highlights and monthly summaries of activities. The 1965-1966 report notes that Robert J. Sullivan Jr. took over the duties of Planning Director on October 1, 1965.","Subseries 1.2: Urban Planning Grants, 1965-1966, contains reports prepared under the contract for the Local Planning Section: Department of Conservation and Economic Development, State of Virginia. The preparation of these reports was funded in part through an urban planning grant from the Housing and Home Finance Agency. The reports contain analysis of various aspects of the city of Harrisonburg, including population statistics and information pertaining to residential neighborhoods and the downtown area. These Urban Planning Grants also include a 1966 comprehensive plan for development over the following twenty years as well as a summary report of that plan. These reports were office copies that belonged to Robert James Sullivan Jr. and have his name written on the cover. Because of excessive mold on these reports, all items from this subseries have been photocopied and originals discarded.","Subseries 1.3: Miscellaneous City Planning Reports, 1946-1992, contains various other reports that relate to city planning in Harrisonburg or city planning in general. Two reports relate to city planning in Norfolk, Virginia from the 1940s and 1950s and document urban renewal or \"slum clearance\" efforts there. Box 1 folder 27 contains an outline of the history of City Planning in Harrisonburg, beginning with the establishment of the Planning Commission in March, 1938. The report titled Harrisonburg: \"The City with the Planned Future,\" contains a detailed history of the founding and growth of Harrisonburg, including population statistics and documentation of land annexation as well a listing of the members of City Council from 1849-2006.","Arranged into two subseries: City Planning, 1960-2012, and Harrisonburg History, 1958-2008. Arranged chronologically within each series.","Subseries 2.1: City Planning, 1960-2012, contains materials that Sullivan created in his role as City Planner, or that relate to city planning functions. Types of materials include photos and other documents related to the Northeast Urban Redevelopment Project, newspaper articles about city planning and the growth and development of Harrisonburg, and documents relating to zoning and historic district status. The folders titled \"What do you think of Federal Aid? Photos and description,\" contain a document written in 2012 by Sullivan explaining the history of urban redevelopment in Harrisonburg, and his role in the \"slum clearance\" projects of the 1950s and 1960s.","Subseries 2.2: Harrisonburg History, 1958-2008, contains materials collected by Sullivan that relate to the history of Harrisonburg, as well as materials he created related to the history and development of the city. Sullivan was known as the \"unofficial historian of Harrisonburg\" and materials in this subseries document the history and development of Harrisonburg. Items of note include original drawings of downtown Harrisonburg from the 1950s and 1960s as well as posters and brochures that contain Sullivan's sketches for the 1980 Bicentennial celebration. Other materials include the text of various talks Sullivan gave on the history of Harrisonburg to various groups in town.","Arranged Chronologically. Materials in the Personal Papers series document Sullivan's professional activities as well as his time as an instructor in the Political Science Department at James Madison University. Please note that the folder titled \"JMU Classes - Evaluations,\" do not contain student grades or performance evaluations, but rather contain evaluations completed by students about Sullivan's performance as an instructor. For details of Sullivan's life and career highlights please see the folder titled \"Background Information Robert J. Sullivan Jr., August 1998.\"","Arranged Chronologically. The Scrapbooks and Newspaper series consists of newspaper clippings collected by Sullivan, either loose in folders, or pasted into scrapbook pages, that document city planning activities primarily in Harrisonburg, VA. Most newspaper clippings come from the Harrisonburg Daily News-Record. In addition to clippings that document city planning efforts, Sullivan also collected clippings that relate to historical aspects of Harrisonburg, particularly those that feature images of Harrisonburg from the past. The folder titled \"Old Times\" : News and photos from the Daily News-Record contains a copy of the front page of the Daily News-Record from 1945 that reports on the ending of World War II. Please note that the scrapbooks in box 5, folders 4-7 are photocopies of the original scrapbooks. The original scrapbooks suffered from mold damage and were not retained.","The maps series contains maps produced or used by the Harrisonburg Housing and Redevelopment Authority that document homes and businesses in areas of Harrisonburg slated for demolition through urban renewal initiatives. Other city planning maps include hand-drawn maps created by Sullivan that show the growth of Harrisonburg over time and through annexation, as well as miscellaneous maps of Harrrisonburg and Rockingham County collected from various sources. Map identifier is located on the back of each item in the bottom right corner.","Broad Street, Mason Street, N. Main Street","Broad Street, E. Gay St.","N. Mason St, Rock St.","Effinger St., Broad St.","N. Mason, E. Rock St.","Broad St., Rock St.","Broad St., Rock St.","Broad St., E. Rock St.","This series comprises photographic prints and slides created or collected by Sullivan that primarily document neighborhoods, buildings, and other locations in and around Harrisonburg, Virginia from circa 1930 to 2006.\nImages document the areas of Harrisonburg targeted for urban renewal in the 1960s, street widening and other planning commission projects, as well as buildings and other features of downtown Harrisonburg from the 1960s-early 2000s. Images in this series were taken and used by Sullivan both in his professional capacity as City Planning Director, as well as for personal use. Other content found among this series includes images of Harrisonburg High School football games in the early 2000s as well as images of JMU students in classes taught by Sullivan and on walking tours conducted as part of his courses from 1990-2006. Items identified as photo albums in the inventory were removed from their original albums and foldered individually with corresponding captions as folder titles.","\nAll slides have been digitized and are available within JMU Scholarly Commons  (https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/rjs/).  Slides are arranged topically from the original arrangement created by Sullivan, and are listed alphabetically. Descriptive titles for the topical groupings listed in the inventory were transcribed from Sullivan's own description, written onto slide reel boxes. Additionally, Sullivan wrote item level image description onto most slides in the collection. That descriptive information is listed as the image title when viewing the images within JMU Scholarly Commons.","Most slide images document Harrisonburg and the surrounding area from the 1960s-1980s. Other content includes images of Reston, VA, and Durham, NC that feature housing complexes and downtown areas. Note that images of Harrisonburg are found within the grouping labeled as \"Durham, NC,\" as well as in the grouping titled \"non-H'burg.\"","Includes Turkey Statue - \"Welcome to Rockingham County Turkey Capital.\"","Harrisonburg \"City Hall\" Bryan Mabry, Harrisonburg School Board Office, VA Quilt Museum, Massanutten Regional Library, Rockingham County Office Building, Rockingham County Court House, Rockingham-Harrisonburg Judicial Center, Rockingham-Harrisonburg Dept. of Health and Social Services, J. R. Lineweaver Apartments, Harrisonburg Fire Station #4, VA Dept. of Taxation Office, ABC Store, Rockingham Co. Government Administration Center, Rockingham Harrisonburg Judicial Center, Harrisonburg Electric Commission, Court House Clock Tower","Two aerials of Harrisonburg and one of JMU."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_5eed26077b3b31ac9a220ace1de85622\"\u003eThe Robert James Sullivan Jr. Papers consist of professional and personal records and reports, and document Sullivan's time as City Planner of Harrisonburg from 1965-1991, his career in the Political Science Department at James Madison University, and work as the \"unofficial historian\" of Harrisonburg. Materials include city planning reports, newspaper articles, photographs, scrapbooks, and maps.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Robert James Sullivan Jr. Papers consist of professional and personal records and reports, and document Sullivan's time as City Planner of Harrisonburg from 1965-1991, his career in the Political Science Department at James Madison University, and work as the \"unofficial historian\" of Harrisonburg. Materials include city planning reports, newspaper articles, photographs, scrapbooks, and maps."],"names_coll_ssim":["Madison College -- Faculty","Madison College -- History","James Madison University -- Faculty","James Madison University -- History","Sullivan, Kathleen"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Madison College -- Faculty","Madison College -- History","James Madison University -- Faculty","James Madison University -- History","Sullivan, Robert James, Jr., 1937-2013","Sullivan, Kathleen","Caldwell, Martha B. (Martha Belle), 1931-2020","Marshall, Caroline T., 1938-2018"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Madison College -- Faculty","Madison College -- History","James Madison University -- Faculty","James Madison University -- History"],"persname_ssim":["Sullivan, Robert James, Jr., 1937-2013","Sullivan, Kathleen","Caldwell, Martha B. (Martha Belle), 1931-2020","Marshall, Caroline T., 1938-2018"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":302,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:21:32.588Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_632_c06_c01"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644_c02","type":"Subgroup","attributes":{"title":"Photograph tri-folds","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_644_c02#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644_c02","ref_ssm":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_644_c02"],"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644_c02","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","parent_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","parent_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_644"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_644"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers"],"text":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers","Photograph tri-folds","Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Newtown, Rockingham County, Va.)","Effinger Street School","Allen, Doris Harper, 1927-2021","Rhodes, Elon W. (Elon Walter), 1922-2006","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Fairfax, Mary Awkard, 1912-2006","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Dickerson, Eugene, (Physician)"],"title_filing_ssi":"Photograph tri-folds","title_ssm":["Photograph tri-folds"],"title_tesim":["Photograph tri-folds"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1893-circa 2005"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1893/2005"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Photograph tri-folds"],"component_level_isim":[1],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"collection_ssim":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":12,"level_ssm":["Subgroup"],"level_ssim":["Subgroup"],"sort_isi":2,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"date_range_isim":[1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005],"names_ssim":["Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Newtown, Rockingham County, Va.)","Effinger Street School","Allen, Doris Harper, 1927-2021","Rhodes, Elon W. (Elon Walter), 1922-2006","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Fairfax, Mary Awkard, 1912-2006","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Dickerson, Eugene, (Physician)"],"corpname_ssim":["Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Newtown, Rockingham County, Va.)","Effinger Street School","Effinger Street School","Effinger Street School"],"persname_ssim":["Allen, Doris Harper, 1927-2021","Allen, Doris Harper, 1927-2021","Rhodes, Elon W. (Elon Walter), 1922-2006","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Rhodes, Elon W. (Elon Walter), 1922-2006","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Fairfax, Mary Awkard, 1912-2006","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Rhodes, Elon W. (Elon Walter), 1922-2006","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Dickerson, Eugene, (Physician)"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1","timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:22:06.237Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_644.xml","title_ssm":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1875-2005"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1875-2005"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0313","/repositories/4/resources/644"],"text":["SC 0313","/repositories/4/resources/644","Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers","Newtown (Rockingham County, Va.)","African Americans -- Education","African Americans -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American neighborhoods -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Urban renewal -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American churches -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Family papers","Photographs","Minutes (administrative records)","Manuscripts (documents)","Ledgers (account books)","Letters (correspondence)","Pamphlets","Speeches (Documents)","Brochures","Church records","Sheet music","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","George Newman's manuscript and the individual photographs comprising the twelve tri-folds were digitized per the donor's request. George Newman's speech was also digitized. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request.","Newman's manuscript \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" was published for the first time in 2025 and edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. It is available in printed form or online at  https://pressbooks.lib.jmu.edu/newmanmiserablerevenge/ .","The manuscript was digitized in February-April 2021 and is available upon request.","The collection is arranged chronologically with the exception of the Gerald Harris and Wendell Temple papers which are intellectually and physically arranged as sub-groups at the end of the collection.","George Newman's manuscript is housed in one folder and two archival quality binders. The first two manuscript pages are on legal sized paper and were removed to a folder to ensure their physical integrity. Folder 1 includes manuscript pages 1-2. Binder 1 includes manuscript pages 3-140. The first four manuscript pages, approximately, were transcribed at an unknown time and are included in binder 1. Binder 2 includes manuscript pages 141-480. Missing pages are outlined in the Scope and Content note. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order. Each page is individually sleeved with a few exceptions, for example when it was discovered during scanning that two pages were in the same sleeve. In these instances the pages were kept in the same sleeve but repositioned so that both could be viewed.","Toliver, Ruth M. Keeping Up With Yesterday. Olney, MD: Lowell A. or Ruth M. Toliver, 2009.","Toliver, Ruth M. History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906. Gaithersburg, MD: Signature Books, 1998.","Obituary for Austin G. Harris, Daily News-Record, April 8, 2005.","Ruth M. Toliver is a retired English teacher, local and family historian, and the author of   History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906  (1998) and  Keeping Up With Yesterday  (2009). She is the daughter of Eugene Murdock and Myrtle Newman Murdock (1901-2000) and the granddaughter of George Ambrose Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. Ruth Toliver inherited many of the family papers that comprise this collection from her cousin Wendell Temple (d. 2005), son of Ruby Newman Temple. She married Lowell Toliver, son of Theodore Tolliver (1902-1967) and Phoebe Harper Tolliver (1906-1982). Lowell Toliver, who was born and raised in Harrisonburg, entered the U. S. Army in January 1953 and it was at this point that the spelling of his last name changed from Tolliver to Toliver.","Born February 4, 1855 in Winchester, Virginia to free Black parents, George Ambrose Newman moved to Harrisonburg in 1875 to serve as principal of the local African American school. Newman learned to read and write at an early age and also pursued his interests in music. He served for 33 years as a teacher and administrator in the city school system—chiefly at the Effinger Street School—and also held teaching positions in Warren County, Augusta County, and West Virginia. Six of Newman's children also pursued teaching and began their careers in Rockingham County. Along with Ulysses G. Wilson, local educator and half-brother of Lucy F. Simms, Newman paid the poll taxes of local Black men in response to disenfranchisement tactics during segregation. In addition to being an influential educator Newman was a minister, musician, a member of the Mt. Zion Lodge of Masons in Staunton, and a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church (variously known as John Wesley Methodist Church and John Wesley M. E. Church) in Harrisonburg. Outside of teaching, Newman took positions as an agent of the Internal Revenue Service and a U.S. Deputy Marshall. ","George A. Newman married Margaret \"Maggie\" Dallard (1859-1887), daughter of Ambrose and Harriett Dallard, in 1877 and together they had four children. After Maggie's death in 1887, George Newman married Maggie's sister, Mary F. Dallard (1869-1968), as was Ghanian tradition. They had ten children. Newman is remembered as a trailblazing member of Harrisonburg's early African American community and a respected educational leader. Per his obituary, Newman had started his 66th reading of the Bible just months prior to his death. Newman passed away on April 6, 1944 at the age of 89.","Ruby Edith Newman (1898-1983) was born in Harrisonburg to George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. She married Junius Leroy Temple in 1920. Ruby Newman Temple was a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church and served for many years as the secretary of the church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS). WSCS met monthly at either the church or the home of a society member.","Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) was born in Harrisonburg to Carlotta Newman Harris and Austin St. Clair \"Dick\" Harris. He was the grandson of George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman on his mother's side and W. N. P. Harris and Geraldine Robinson Harris on his father's side. Harris attended Lucy F. Simms School and while a student entered a local \"How To Beautify Your City\" contest sponsored by the Spotswood Garden Club's Road Beautification Committee. Due to Harrisonburg and Rockingham County's connection to turkeys, Harris submitted the idea and complementary design for turkey monuments to be placed at the highway approaches to Rockingham County. Harris's submission was selected as the winner and the monuments were subsequently dedicated in December 1955. Harris also attended Banneker Junior High School and Theodore Roosevelt High School in Washington, DC. After graduation from Roosevelt, Harris matriculated at Howard University where he graduated in 1964. While a student at Howard, Harris was a member of the ROTC. Harris obtained his master's degree from Syracuse University and later worked at Niagara Mohawk Power Company (Syracuse) and Associated Utilities Company (New Jersey).","Wendell Ambrose Temple (1923-2005) was born in Harrisonburg, Virginia to Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983) and Junius Leroy Temple (1898-1937). Locally, he attended Effinger High School and Lucy F. Simms School. He was an accomplished pianist and musician, and described as a child prodigy in the local newspaper. As a youth, Temple won state-wide music contests and performed at Harrisonburg's State Theater. He received his early training almost exclusively by local music instructor Thurston DeMasters. Temple graduated from Oberlin Conservatory of Music and the University of Iowa. He taught at Florida A\u0026M University and Wilberforce University.","George A. Newman, Ruby Newman Temple, and Gerald Harris are all buried in Newtown Cemetery along with many of their immediate and extended family members.","Beyond the Newman family, much of this collection more generally documents Newtown, Harrisonburg's historically African American community located in the northeast section of the city. After Emancipation, this area was settled by formerly enslaved people who began purchasing lots in the Zirkle addition which was farmland located on the northeast edge of town that was newly opened up to residential development. During the 1950s and 1960s, Harrisonburg engaged in urban renewal (Project R4) during which the city identified \"blight\" areas and after acquiring homes and land under eminent domain, sold the property to developers. As a result many Black-owned homes and businesses in the Newtown area were razed, and community members were forced to relocate.","A portion of the original photographs copied for the tri-folds were provided to the Tolivers by community and family members.","George Newman's manuscript was digitized per the donor's request in February 2021. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request. Numerous manuscript pages have writing on their verso side (back) though these were not scanned. All of those pages were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.","Original description of the photographs created by the donor was largely retained within descriptive elements of the container list (e.g. thematic titles of tri-folds and item-level titles).","Loose programs and handwritten documents were removed from George Newman's notebook documenting the history of the John Wesley M. E. Church and arranged according to material type.","Materials related to Gerald Harris were largely kept in the same topical order in which they were received.","Allison Lyttle, JMU Libraries Music \u0026 Media Metadata Specialist, assisted in identifying, sorting, and describing Wendell Temple's sheet music which was donated in no discernable order.","Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Records, 1892-1905. Accession 37081, Church records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.","The Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandson Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown.","According to Ruth Toliver, George A. Newman's 480-page manuscript titled \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" is a work of fiction with autobiographical elements. The manuscript is divided into 40 chapters and begins: \"A finer estate than that of Joshua Sowers could not be found in all Virginia. We will not give the exact date, let it suffice for us to say we begin our story April the first, in a certain part of the nineteenth century. The morning was a clear, beautiful one. We locate the scene of our story in the county of Frederick, a short distance from the then small town of Winchester. The estate was rightly named Brookland, for the land was covered with brooks. Mr. Sowers owned a large mill.\" Newman introduces a character named William G. Reed as the hero of the story who is leaving Brookland for Chicago. While not explicitly discussed in the manuscript, it is presumed that both Sowers and Reed are white men. African American characters include Jack, Joshua Sowers's \"faithful servant;\" Aunt Sally, the Sowers' enslaved cook; and George, a free child who lived with Sowers. Researchers should note that the manuscript contains the use of racial slurs and further, the enslaved African American characters are depicted as speaking in a stereotypical dialect as was common practice in late 19th century American literature. George, on the other hand, \"had learned to read and write and he always spoke very fluently.\" ","The manuscript was published for the first time in 2025 by James Madison University Libraries Press Books and was edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. The back cover book blurb provides the following context and summary:  \"In the mid-1870s, a young African American educator arrived in Harrisonburg, Virginia, where he wrote a novel about antebellum life in the Shenandoah Valley. George A. Newman's A Miserable Revenge: A Story of Life in Virginia appears here in print for the first time, nearly 150 years after its composition. The earliest known example of a 'white life' novel--a Black-authored novel about white protagonists--A Miserable Revenge is set in and around Winchester, Virginia, in the 1840s. It draws on the sensationalist conventions of popular fiction of the time to spin a story of dark secrets, lost relatives, mistaken identities, crime and detection, and romance. In the novel, Newman describes the relationship between free and enslaved Black Virginians, drawing on his experience as a free Black child indentured to a white landowner in Winchester before the Civil War.\"","The manuscript pages are numbered in the same hand as the manuscript (George A. Newman's). The following pages are not extant and are missing from the manuscript entirely: pages 71-72, 76-82, 84, 267, 272-275, 289-291, and 375. Newman's page number for page 331 was torn away and at a later time was numbered as page 332, but contextual clues confirm that it is in fact page 331. The page was marked as such by the archivist and the incorrect page number was also retained. Only two pages are present between pages 346-349, and for both of the extant pages the page numbers are at least partially torn away rendering them illegible and their exact order unclear. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.","While the manuscript is undated, writings potentially in Newman's hand and appearing on select verso pages date to 1875 and 1876. Editors of the published version of the manuscript date the document to mid-1870s. The aforementioned writings largely appear to be handwriting exercises or draft correspondence and also include a nine page essay titled \"An Essay on Truth\" which begins on the verso of page 391 continuing through page 409 on the odd page numbers with a few pages skipped. While undated, context clues within the essay, specifically an anecdote regarding New York Senator Roscoe Conkling recently returning from Europe, suggest a date of 1877. Internal evidence suggests that the remarks were likely given by Newman to the local order of the African American fraternal organization Independent Sons and Daughters of Purity, only identified in the essay by the abbreviation \"I. S. \u0026 D. P.\" and \"Sons \u0026 D. of P.\" In this same essay, Newman writes about having to keep his remarks brief due to an upcoming teacher's examination. All of the manuscript pages with writing on their versos were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper.","George Newman's speech \"Observations on the Negro Problem\" primarily concerns education with commentary on industrial education, choice of occupation, and a comparison of education funding for American Indian students vs. African American students. Newman also discusses the topic of African colonization of Black individuals as proposed by \"so-called statesmen and mis-named philanthropists.\" Newman argues \"It is paradoxical to speak of sending him to a place when he is already there. We are to the manor born. This is now our native home....\" Newman recognizes that certain voting laws that require meeting educational and property qualifications are examples of \"adverse legislation,\" but argues that they might be a \"blessing in disguise.\" Newman concludes with a call for an equitably educated citizenry regardless of status. Edits made to the speech suggest that it may have originally been written circa 1902 and presented again in 1913. As such, a date of 1913 is applied to the speech given the contextual clues within despite the document being undated. A draft transcript created by Special Collections staff is filed with the speech.","Twelve cardboard tri-folds compiled by Lowell Toliver include approximately 133 facsimile photographs documenting people and places in Newtown and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood. The photograph descriptions were also compiled by Toliver as was the thematic arrangement of each tri-fold. Family names of people identified in the photographs include Harper, Tolliver/Toliver, Sampson, Yokley, Newman, Bundy, Dallard, Temple, Vickers, Brown, Nickens, and Johnson. Local churches and schools include John Wesley Methodist Church, Bethel AME Church, Effinger Street School, and Simms School. Researchers should note that the surname Toliver is spelled variously as Tolover, Tolliver, etc. in the collection. Lowell Toliver's last name was changed slightly from Tolliver to Toliver when he enlisted in the military.","Six minute books document the financial and administrative functions of the John Wesley Methodist Church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS) between 1943 and 1976. Ruby Newman Temple served as WSCS's secretary for a period of time and kept monthly minutes for the society. Member lists and membership dues are also documented in the minute books. WSCS meetings typically included prayer, scripture reading, hymn singing, a business report, and a program or a topic of discussion. WSCS engaged in community outreach by providing Christmas baskets for the sick in the community, sending sympathy cards, and making charitable donations. The Ruby Newman Temple correspondence primarily relates to her work with WSCS. ","Other materials related to John Wesley Methodist Church include anniversary programs as well as member lists and a brief church history compiled by George Newman. Printed materials related to the United Methodist Church but not specific to John Wesley Methodist Church are also included. ","Four hand-colored sketches by George A. Newman, son of Frederick Newman (1883-1959) are dated August 28, 1929. ","Materials related to Gerald Harris largely concern his design of the turkey monuments that are located on the highway approaches into Harrisonburg and his schooling and coursework at Lucy F. Simms School, Banneker Junior High School, Theodore Roosevelt Senior High School, and Howard University. Report cards and tuition receipts are included. Of interest is a 1954 letter from A. M. Stitt, Lucy F. Simms School principal, certifying that Harris was vaccinated as well as Harris's polio vaccination card.","Materials created by Wendell Temple primarily comprise original handwritten sheet music for piano. Pieces specifically written for the organ, pianoforte, and violin are also included. The bulk of the sheet music is undated but likely dates to the mid-1930s to late 1940s. The compositions are in various states of completeness and order. Sheet music was written on lined notebook paper, blank pages of voter rolls for the 1928 presidential election, and the back of letterhead for the Castle Hall of Rockingham Star Lodge No. 72 Knights of Pythias and the Democratic Campaign Committee. Additional papers include correspondence from Temple to his mother Ruby Newman Temple and an Effinger High School report card.","Among the guests are Cuetta Howard, Valley Terrell, Hattie Washington, Phoebe Tolliver, and Julia Howard.","Pictured are Marguerite Yokley, Doris Harper, Lois Rouser, Altee Beale, Bessie Goodloe, Louise Winston, Lavinia Temple, Peggy Yokley, Buddy Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Betty Yokley, Clara Bruce, Savilla Vickers, Della Harper, Betty Atkins, Norma Edmonds, Selena Duncan, Eddie Caul, Phoebe Tolliver, Vallie Terrell, [unknown first name] Stitt.","Pictured are all of those in 4. Formal party at Tolliver's as well as Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Yokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, and Henry Rouser.","Included are Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Kokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, Henry Rouser.","Ruth, Myrtle, Mary, Hattie, and Carlotta","Jessie Carter, Lowell Toliver, Bernice Tolliver, Buddy Tolliver, Theodore Tolliver","Included are Ruby, Hattie, Myrtle, and Ruth.","Marguerite and Joe Yokley, Mattie Hollins, Phoebe and Theodore Tolliver, Willie Harper, Savilla Vickers, Martha Hollins, Carl Hollins","Demetrius, Fred Jr., George","Included are A. Stitt, Henry Vickers, Andrew Temple, Elon Rhodes, Buddy Tolliver, Harold Mitchell, and Fleming Jordan.","Included are Ruby Temple, Phoebe Tolliver, Lottie Brown, Rev. and Mrs. Douglass Bowman, Mary Newman, Marian Bowman, Ruth Murdock, Mary Murdock, Savilla Vickers, Dennish Bundy, Gladys Bundy, Arizona Wardy, Johnny Harper, Bud Laird, and Carlotta Newman.","Pictured are Nettie Ray, Lottie Brown, Mary Johnson, Mary Newman, Willie Johnson, Albert Brown, Desmond Johnson, Vivian Redd, Minerva Redd, Lucille Watson, Hattie Watson, Gladys Bundy, Hattie Mitchell, Everett Howard, Fleming Jordan, Louise Winston, and \"Chip\" Johnson.","Included are Jim Guy, Arbutus Sampson, Pauline Carter, Clarence Whitelow, Lowell Toliver, and Frances Scott.","Included are Lucy Simms, Henry Vickers, and Joseph Newman.","Indentifiable are Goldie Francis and Myrtle Newman.","Included are Elon Rhodes, Joe Nickens, Edgar Johnson, Henry Rouser, Everett Howard, Lorenzo Strother, and Alfred Howard.","Included are Ruth Jones, Lois Rouser, Clara Bruce, Betty Yokley, Stitts, \"Duke\" Duncan, Edgar Johnson, Wilhelmina Johnson, Frank Duncan, Peggy Howard, Theodore and Phoebe Tolliver, and Everett Howard.","Included are Willie Harper, Frank Duncan, Willie Bryant, and Theodore Tolliver.","Queen for Eastern Star Organization.","Professional athlete.","Ph.D., University of Iowa.","Ordained United Methodist minister.","Professional athlete.","Lowell Toliver, Justin Banks, Carlton, Banks, Chief Z, and Marc Shifflett.","Transcript included.","Includes a composition notebook with the label \"The property of G. A. Newman, Recording Steward, John Wesley M. E. Church.\" The titled lists include Charter Members of John Wesley M. E. Church Organized October 1865, Deceased Superintendents of John Wesley M. E. Church School, and Partial list of Deceased Members of John Wesley M. E. Church. An untitled list includes member names by street and another just includes member names. These documents appear to be largely in the hand of George A. Newman.","The Vesper Choir of Mother A. M. E. Zion Cathedral [New York] Presents The Sanctuary Choristers program dated April 28, 1968 is inscribed to Ruby [E. Temple] from Lydia [M. Rogers].","\"Dedicated to Rudolph Friml for the inspiration received from his \"Indian Love Call.\"","Includes a lock of hair tied with a red ribbon.","One copy of the pamphlet Seventy-fifth Anniversary of the John Wesley Methodist Church, Harrisonburg, Virginia, October 20th through 27th, 1940 was removed from the collection and cataloged separately as part of Special Collections' rare book holdings. A second copy remains in the collection.","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandsons Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) and Wendell Temple (1923-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Lucy F. Simms School (Public school)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Woman's Society of Christian Service","Effinger Street School","Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Newtown, Rockingham County, Va.)","Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005","Allen, Doris Harper, 1927-2021","Rhodes, Elon W. (Elon Walter), 1922-2006","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Fairfax, Mary Awkard, 1912-2006","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Dickerson, Eugene, (Physician)","Friml, Rudolf, 1879-1972","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0313","/repositories/4/resources/644"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Newtown (Rockingham County, Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Newtown (Rockingham County, Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005"],"creator_ssim":["Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005"],"creators_ssim":["Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005"],"places_ssim":["Newtown (Rockingham County, Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated to Special Collections by Ruth and Lowell Toliver in February 2021. Ruth Toliver is George A. Newman's granddaughter. The Tolivers made additional donations in September 2021, October 2021, and January 2022."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- Education","African Americans -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American neighborhoods -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Urban renewal -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American churches -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Family papers","Photographs","Minutes (administrative records)","Manuscripts (documents)","Ledgers (account books)","Letters (correspondence)","Pamphlets","Speeches (Documents)","Brochures","Church records","Sheet music"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- Education","African Americans -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American neighborhoods -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Urban renewal -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American churches -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Family papers","Photographs","Minutes (administrative records)","Manuscripts (documents)","Ledgers (account books)","Letters (correspondence)","Pamphlets","Speeches (Documents)","Brochures","Church records","Sheet music"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3.8 cubic feet in 3 boxes and 12 tri-folds"],"extent_tesim":["3.8 cubic feet in 3 boxes and 12 tri-folds"],"genreform_ssim":["Family papers","Photographs","Minutes (administrative records)","Manuscripts (documents)","Ledgers (account books)","Letters (correspondence)","Pamphlets","Speeches (Documents)","Brochures","Church records","Sheet music"],"date_range_isim":[1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Newman's manuscript and the individual photographs comprising the twelve tri-folds were digitized per the donor's request. George Newman's speech was also digitized. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNewman's manuscript \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" was published for the first time in 2025 and edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. It is available in printed form or online at \u003cextref href=\"https://pressbooks.lib.jmu.edu/newmanmiserablerevenge/\" show=\"new\"\u003ehttps://pressbooks.lib.jmu.edu/newmanmiserablerevenge/\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe manuscript was digitized in February-April 2021 and is available upon request.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Other Formats Available","Other Formats Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["George Newman's manuscript and the individual photographs comprising the twelve tri-folds were digitized per the donor's request. George Newman's speech was also digitized. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request.","Newman's manuscript \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" was published for the first time in 2025 and edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. It is available in printed form or online at  https://pressbooks.lib.jmu.edu/newmanmiserablerevenge/ .","The manuscript was digitized in February-April 2021 and is available upon request."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged chronologically with the exception of the Gerald Harris and Wendell Temple papers which are intellectually and physically arranged as sub-groups at the end of the collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeorge Newman's manuscript is housed in one folder and two archival quality binders. The first two manuscript pages are on legal sized paper and were removed to a folder to ensure their physical integrity. Folder 1 includes manuscript pages 1-2. Binder 1 includes manuscript pages 3-140. The first four manuscript pages, approximately, were transcribed at an unknown time and are included in binder 1. Binder 2 includes manuscript pages 141-480. Missing pages are outlined in the Scope and Content note. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order. Each page is individually sleeved with a few exceptions, for example when it was discovered during scanning that two pages were in the same sleeve. In these instances the pages were kept in the same sleeve but repositioned so that both could be viewed.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged chronologically with the exception of the Gerald Harris and Wendell Temple papers which are intellectually and physically arranged as sub-groups at the end of the collection.","George Newman's manuscript is housed in one folder and two archival quality binders. The first two manuscript pages are on legal sized paper and were removed to a folder to ensure their physical integrity. Folder 1 includes manuscript pages 1-2. Binder 1 includes manuscript pages 3-140. The first four manuscript pages, approximately, were transcribed at an unknown time and are included in binder 1. Binder 2 includes manuscript pages 141-480. Missing pages are outlined in the Scope and Content note. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order. Each page is individually sleeved with a few exceptions, for example when it was discovered during scanning that two pages were in the same sleeve. In these instances the pages were kept in the same sleeve but repositioned so that both could be viewed."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eToliver, Ruth M. Keeping Up With Yesterday. Olney, MD: Lowell A. or Ruth M. Toliver, 2009.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eToliver, Ruth M. History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906. Gaithersburg, MD: Signature Books, 1998.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eObituary for Austin G. Harris, Daily News-Record, April 8, 2005.\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Toliver, Ruth M. Keeping Up With Yesterday. Olney, MD: Lowell A. or Ruth M. Toliver, 2009.","Toliver, Ruth M. History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906. Gaithersburg, MD: Signature Books, 1998.","Obituary for Austin G. Harris, Daily News-Record, April 8, 2005."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRuth M. Toliver is a retired English teacher, local and family historian, and the author of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003e History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906\u003c/emph\u003e (1998) and \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eKeeping Up With Yesterday\u003c/emph\u003e (2009). She is the daughter of Eugene Murdock and Myrtle Newman Murdock (1901-2000) and the granddaughter of George Ambrose Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. Ruth Toliver inherited many of the family papers that comprise this collection from her cousin Wendell Temple (d. 2005), son of Ruby Newman Temple. She married Lowell Toliver, son of Theodore Tolliver (1902-1967) and Phoebe Harper Tolliver (1906-1982). Lowell Toliver, who was born and raised in Harrisonburg, entered the U. S. Army in January 1953 and it was at this point that the spelling of his last name changed from Tolliver to Toliver.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBorn February 4, 1855 in Winchester, Virginia to free Black parents, George Ambrose Newman moved to Harrisonburg in 1875 to serve as principal of the local African American school. Newman learned to read and write at an early age and also pursued his interests in music. He served for 33 years as a teacher and administrator in the city school system—chiefly at the Effinger Street School—and also held teaching positions in Warren County, Augusta County, and West Virginia. Six of Newman's children also pursued teaching and began their careers in Rockingham County. Along with Ulysses G. Wilson, local educator and half-brother of Lucy F. Simms, Newman paid the poll taxes of local Black men in response to disenfranchisement tactics during segregation. In addition to being an influential educator Newman was a minister, musician, a member of the Mt. Zion Lodge of Masons in Staunton, and a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church (variously known as John Wesley Methodist Church and John Wesley M. E. Church) in Harrisonburg. Outside of teaching, Newman took positions as an agent of the Internal Revenue Service and a U.S. Deputy Marshall. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeorge A. Newman married Margaret \"Maggie\" Dallard (1859-1887), daughter of Ambrose and Harriett Dallard, in 1877 and together they had four children. After Maggie's death in 1887, George Newman married Maggie's sister, Mary F. Dallard (1869-1968), as was Ghanian tradition. They had ten children. Newman is remembered as a trailblazing member of Harrisonburg's early African American community and a respected educational leader. Per his obituary, Newman had started his 66th reading of the Bible just months prior to his death. Newman passed away on April 6, 1944 at the age of 89.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRuby Edith Newman (1898-1983) was born in Harrisonburg to George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. She married Junius Leroy Temple in 1920. Ruby Newman Temple was a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church and served for many years as the secretary of the church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS). WSCS met monthly at either the church or the home of a society member.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAustin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) was born in Harrisonburg to Carlotta Newman Harris and Austin St. Clair \"Dick\" Harris. He was the grandson of George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman on his mother's side and W. N. P. Harris and Geraldine Robinson Harris on his father's side. Harris attended Lucy F. Simms School and while a student entered a local \"How To Beautify Your City\" contest sponsored by the Spotswood Garden Club's Road Beautification Committee. Due to Harrisonburg and Rockingham County's connection to turkeys, Harris submitted the idea and complementary design for turkey monuments to be placed at the highway approaches to Rockingham County. Harris's submission was selected as the winner and the monuments were subsequently dedicated in December 1955. Harris also attended Banneker Junior High School and Theodore Roosevelt High School in Washington, DC. After graduation from Roosevelt, Harris matriculated at Howard University where he graduated in 1964. While a student at Howard, Harris was a member of the ROTC. Harris obtained his master's degree from Syracuse University and later worked at Niagara Mohawk Power Company (Syracuse) and Associated Utilities Company (New Jersey).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWendell Ambrose Temple (1923-2005) was born in Harrisonburg, Virginia to Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983) and Junius Leroy Temple (1898-1937). Locally, he attended Effinger High School and Lucy F. Simms School. He was an accomplished pianist and musician, and described as a child prodigy in the local newspaper. As a youth, Temple won state-wide music contests and performed at Harrisonburg's State Theater. He received his early training almost exclusively by local music instructor Thurston DeMasters. Temple graduated from Oberlin Conservatory of Music and the University of Iowa. He taught at Florida A\u0026amp;M University and Wilberforce University.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeorge A. Newman, Ruby Newman Temple, and Gerald Harris are all buried in Newtown Cemetery along with many of their immediate and extended family members.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBeyond the Newman family, much of this collection more generally documents Newtown, Harrisonburg's historically African American community located in the northeast section of the city. After Emancipation, this area was settled by formerly enslaved people who began purchasing lots in the Zirkle addition which was farmland located on the northeast edge of town that was newly opened up to residential development. During the 1950s and 1960s, Harrisonburg engaged in urban renewal (Project R4) during which the city identified \"blight\" areas and after acquiring homes and land under eminent domain, sold the property to developers. As a result many Black-owned homes and businesses in the Newtown area were razed, and community members were forced to relocate.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Ruth M. Toliver is a retired English teacher, local and family historian, and the author of   History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906  (1998) and  Keeping Up With Yesterday  (2009). She is the daughter of Eugene Murdock and Myrtle Newman Murdock (1901-2000) and the granddaughter of George Ambrose Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. Ruth Toliver inherited many of the family papers that comprise this collection from her cousin Wendell Temple (d. 2005), son of Ruby Newman Temple. She married Lowell Toliver, son of Theodore Tolliver (1902-1967) and Phoebe Harper Tolliver (1906-1982). Lowell Toliver, who was born and raised in Harrisonburg, entered the U. S. Army in January 1953 and it was at this point that the spelling of his last name changed from Tolliver to Toliver.","Born February 4, 1855 in Winchester, Virginia to free Black parents, George Ambrose Newman moved to Harrisonburg in 1875 to serve as principal of the local African American school. Newman learned to read and write at an early age and also pursued his interests in music. He served for 33 years as a teacher and administrator in the city school system—chiefly at the Effinger Street School—and also held teaching positions in Warren County, Augusta County, and West Virginia. Six of Newman's children also pursued teaching and began their careers in Rockingham County. Along with Ulysses G. Wilson, local educator and half-brother of Lucy F. Simms, Newman paid the poll taxes of local Black men in response to disenfranchisement tactics during segregation. In addition to being an influential educator Newman was a minister, musician, a member of the Mt. Zion Lodge of Masons in Staunton, and a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church (variously known as John Wesley Methodist Church and John Wesley M. E. Church) in Harrisonburg. Outside of teaching, Newman took positions as an agent of the Internal Revenue Service and a U.S. Deputy Marshall. ","George A. Newman married Margaret \"Maggie\" Dallard (1859-1887), daughter of Ambrose and Harriett Dallard, in 1877 and together they had four children. After Maggie's death in 1887, George Newman married Maggie's sister, Mary F. Dallard (1869-1968), as was Ghanian tradition. They had ten children. Newman is remembered as a trailblazing member of Harrisonburg's early African American community and a respected educational leader. Per his obituary, Newman had started his 66th reading of the Bible just months prior to his death. Newman passed away on April 6, 1944 at the age of 89.","Ruby Edith Newman (1898-1983) was born in Harrisonburg to George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. She married Junius Leroy Temple in 1920. Ruby Newman Temple was a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church and served for many years as the secretary of the church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS). WSCS met monthly at either the church or the home of a society member.","Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) was born in Harrisonburg to Carlotta Newman Harris and Austin St. Clair \"Dick\" Harris. He was the grandson of George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman on his mother's side and W. N. P. Harris and Geraldine Robinson Harris on his father's side. Harris attended Lucy F. Simms School and while a student entered a local \"How To Beautify Your City\" contest sponsored by the Spotswood Garden Club's Road Beautification Committee. Due to Harrisonburg and Rockingham County's connection to turkeys, Harris submitted the idea and complementary design for turkey monuments to be placed at the highway approaches to Rockingham County. Harris's submission was selected as the winner and the monuments were subsequently dedicated in December 1955. Harris also attended Banneker Junior High School and Theodore Roosevelt High School in Washington, DC. After graduation from Roosevelt, Harris matriculated at Howard University where he graduated in 1964. While a student at Howard, Harris was a member of the ROTC. Harris obtained his master's degree from Syracuse University and later worked at Niagara Mohawk Power Company (Syracuse) and Associated Utilities Company (New Jersey).","Wendell Ambrose Temple (1923-2005) was born in Harrisonburg, Virginia to Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983) and Junius Leroy Temple (1898-1937). Locally, he attended Effinger High School and Lucy F. Simms School. He was an accomplished pianist and musician, and described as a child prodigy in the local newspaper. As a youth, Temple won state-wide music contests and performed at Harrisonburg's State Theater. He received his early training almost exclusively by local music instructor Thurston DeMasters. Temple graduated from Oberlin Conservatory of Music and the University of Iowa. He taught at Florida A\u0026M University and Wilberforce University.","George A. Newman, Ruby Newman Temple, and Gerald Harris are all buried in Newtown Cemetery along with many of their immediate and extended family members.","Beyond the Newman family, much of this collection more generally documents Newtown, Harrisonburg's historically African American community located in the northeast section of the city. After Emancipation, this area was settled by formerly enslaved people who began purchasing lots in the Zirkle addition which was farmland located on the northeast edge of town that was newly opened up to residential development. During the 1950s and 1960s, Harrisonburg engaged in urban renewal (Project R4) during which the city identified \"blight\" areas and after acquiring homes and land under eminent domain, sold the property to developers. As a result many Black-owned homes and businesses in the Newtown area were razed, and community members were forced to relocate."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA portion of the original photographs copied for the tri-folds were provided to the Tolivers by community and family members.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["A portion of the original photographs copied for the tri-folds were provided to the Tolivers by community and family members."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, SC 0313, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, SC 0313, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Newman's manuscript was digitized per the donor's request in February 2021. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request. Numerous manuscript pages have writing on their verso side (back) though these were not scanned. All of those pages were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal description of the photographs created by the donor was largely retained within descriptive elements of the container list (e.g. thematic titles of tri-folds and item-level titles).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLoose programs and handwritten documents were removed from George Newman's notebook documenting the history of the John Wesley M. E. Church and arranged according to material type.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials related to Gerald Harris were largely kept in the same topical order in which they were received.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAllison Lyttle, JMU Libraries Music \u0026amp; Media Metadata Specialist, assisted in identifying, sorting, and describing Wendell Temple's sheet music which was donated in no discernable order.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["George Newman's manuscript was digitized per the donor's request in February 2021. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request. Numerous manuscript pages have writing on their verso side (back) though these were not scanned. All of those pages were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.","Original description of the photographs created by the donor was largely retained within descriptive elements of the container list (e.g. thematic titles of tri-folds and item-level titles).","Loose programs and handwritten documents were removed from George Newman's notebook documenting the history of the John Wesley M. E. Church and arranged according to material type.","Materials related to Gerald Harris were largely kept in the same topical order in which they were received.","Allison Lyttle, JMU Libraries Music \u0026 Media Metadata Specialist, assisted in identifying, sorting, and describing Wendell Temple's sheet music which was donated in no discernable order."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eKelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Records, 1892-1905. Accession 37081, Church records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Records, 1892-1905. Accession 37081, Church records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandson Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAccording to Ruth Toliver, George A. Newman's 480-page manuscript titled \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" is a work of fiction with autobiographical elements. The manuscript is divided into 40 chapters and begins: \"A finer estate than that of Joshua Sowers could not be found in all Virginia. We will not give the exact date, let it suffice for us to say we begin our story April the first, in a certain part of the nineteenth century. The morning was a clear, beautiful one. We locate the scene of our story in the county of Frederick, a short distance from the then small town of Winchester. The estate was rightly named Brookland, for the land was covered with brooks. Mr. Sowers owned a large mill.\" Newman introduces a character named William G. Reed as the hero of the story who is leaving Brookland for Chicago. While not explicitly discussed in the manuscript, it is presumed that both Sowers and Reed are white men. African American characters include Jack, Joshua Sowers's \"faithful servant;\" Aunt Sally, the Sowers' enslaved cook; and George, a free child who lived with Sowers. Researchers should note that the manuscript contains the use of racial slurs and further, the enslaved African American characters are depicted as speaking in a stereotypical dialect as was common practice in late 19th century American literature. George, on the other hand, \"had learned to read and write and he always spoke very fluently.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe manuscript was published for the first time in 2025 by James Madison University Libraries Press Books and was edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. The back cover book blurb provides the following context and summary: \u003cblockquote\u003e\"In the mid-1870s, a young African American educator arrived in Harrisonburg, Virginia, where he wrote a novel about antebellum life in the Shenandoah Valley. George A. Newman's A Miserable Revenge: A Story of Life in Virginia appears here in print for the first time, nearly 150 years after its composition. The earliest known example of a 'white life' novel--a Black-authored novel about white protagonists--A Miserable Revenge is set in and around Winchester, Virginia, in the 1840s. It draws on the sensationalist conventions of popular fiction of the time to spin a story of dark secrets, lost relatives, mistaken identities, crime and detection, and romance. In the novel, Newman describes the relationship between free and enslaved Black Virginians, drawing on his experience as a free Black child indentured to a white landowner in Winchester before the Civil War.\"\u003c/blockquote\u003e  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe manuscript pages are numbered in the same hand as the manuscript (George A. Newman's). The following pages are not extant and are missing from the manuscript entirely: pages 71-72, 76-82, 84, 267, 272-275, 289-291, and 375. Newman's page number for page 331 was torn away and at a later time was numbered as page 332, but contextual clues confirm that it is in fact page 331. The page was marked as such by the archivist and the incorrect page number was also retained. Only two pages are present between pages 346-349, and for both of the extant pages the page numbers are at least partially torn away rendering them illegible and their exact order unclear. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhile the manuscript is undated, writings potentially in Newman's hand and appearing on select verso pages date to 1875 and 1876. Editors of the published version of the manuscript date the document to mid-1870s. The aforementioned writings largely appear to be handwriting exercises or draft correspondence and also include a nine page essay titled \"An Essay on Truth\" which begins on the verso of page 391 continuing through page 409 on the odd page numbers with a few pages skipped. While undated, context clues within the essay, specifically an anecdote regarding New York Senator Roscoe Conkling recently returning from Europe, suggest a date of 1877. Internal evidence suggests that the remarks were likely given by Newman to the local order of the African American fraternal organization Independent Sons and Daughters of Purity, only identified in the essay by the abbreviation \"I. S. \u0026amp; D. P.\" and \"Sons \u0026amp; D. of P.\" In this same essay, Newman writes about having to keep his remarks brief due to an upcoming teacher's examination. All of the manuscript pages with writing on their versos were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeorge Newman's speech \"Observations on the Negro Problem\" primarily concerns education with commentary on industrial education, choice of occupation, and a comparison of education funding for American Indian students vs. African American students. Newman also discusses the topic of African colonization of Black individuals as proposed by \"so-called statesmen and mis-named philanthropists.\" Newman argues \"It is paradoxical to speak of sending him to a place when he is already there. We are to the manor born. This is now our native home....\" Newman recognizes that certain voting laws that require meeting educational and property qualifications are examples of \"adverse legislation,\" but argues that they might be a \"blessing in disguise.\" Newman concludes with a call for an equitably educated citizenry regardless of status. Edits made to the speech suggest that it may have originally been written circa 1902 and presented again in 1913. As such, a date of 1913 is applied to the speech given the contextual clues within despite the document being undated. A draft transcript created by Special Collections staff is filed with the speech.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTwelve cardboard tri-folds compiled by Lowell Toliver include approximately 133 facsimile photographs documenting people and places in Newtown and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood. The photograph descriptions were also compiled by Toliver as was the thematic arrangement of each tri-fold. Family names of people identified in the photographs include Harper, Tolliver/Toliver, Sampson, Yokley, Newman, Bundy, Dallard, Temple, Vickers, Brown, Nickens, and Johnson. Local churches and schools include John Wesley Methodist Church, Bethel AME Church, Effinger Street School, and Simms School. Researchers should note that the surname Toliver is spelled variously as Tolover, Tolliver, etc. in the collection. Lowell Toliver's last name was changed slightly from Tolliver to Toliver when he enlisted in the military.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSix minute books document the financial and administrative functions of the John Wesley Methodist Church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS) between 1943 and 1976. Ruby Newman Temple served as WSCS's secretary for a period of time and kept monthly minutes for the society. Member lists and membership dues are also documented in the minute books. WSCS meetings typically included prayer, scripture reading, hymn singing, a business report, and a program or a topic of discussion. WSCS engaged in community outreach by providing Christmas baskets for the sick in the community, sending sympathy cards, and making charitable donations. The Ruby Newman Temple correspondence primarily relates to her work with WSCS. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOther materials related to John Wesley Methodist Church include anniversary programs as well as member lists and a brief church history compiled by George Newman. Printed materials related to the United Methodist Church but not specific to John Wesley Methodist Church are also included. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFour hand-colored sketches by George A. Newman, son of Frederick Newman (1883-1959) are dated August 28, 1929. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaterials related to Gerald Harris largely concern his design of the turkey monuments that are located on the highway approaches into Harrisonburg and his schooling and coursework at Lucy F. Simms School, Banneker Junior High School, Theodore Roosevelt Senior High School, and Howard University. Report cards and tuition receipts are included. Of interest is a 1954 letter from A. M. Stitt, Lucy F. Simms School principal, certifying that Harris was vaccinated as well as Harris's polio vaccination card.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaterials created by Wendell Temple primarily comprise original handwritten sheet music for piano. Pieces specifically written for the organ, pianoforte, and violin are also included. The bulk of the sheet music is undated but likely dates to the mid-1930s to late 1940s. The compositions are in various states of completeness and order. Sheet music was written on lined notebook paper, blank pages of voter rolls for the 1928 presidential election, and the back of letterhead for the Castle Hall of Rockingham Star Lodge No. 72 Knights of Pythias and the Democratic Campaign Committee. Additional papers include correspondence from Temple to his mother Ruby Newman Temple and an Effinger High School report card.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmong the guests are Cuetta Howard, Valley Terrell, Hattie Washington, Phoebe Tolliver, and Julia Howard.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePictured are Marguerite Yokley, Doris Harper, Lois Rouser, Altee Beale, Bessie Goodloe, Louise Winston, Lavinia Temple, Peggy Yokley, Buddy Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Betty Yokley, Clara Bruce, Savilla Vickers, Della Harper, Betty Atkins, Norma Edmonds, Selena Duncan, Eddie Caul, Phoebe Tolliver, Vallie Terrell, [unknown first name] Stitt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePictured are all of those in 4. Formal party at Tolliver's as well as Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Yokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, and Henry Rouser.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Kokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, Henry Rouser.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRuth, Myrtle, Mary, Hattie, and Carlotta\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJessie Carter, Lowell Toliver, Bernice Tolliver, Buddy Tolliver, Theodore Tolliver\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Ruby, Hattie, Myrtle, and Ruth.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarguerite and Joe Yokley, Mattie Hollins, Phoebe and Theodore Tolliver, Willie Harper, Savilla Vickers, Martha Hollins, Carl Hollins\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDemetrius, Fred Jr., George\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are A. Stitt, Henry Vickers, Andrew Temple, Elon Rhodes, Buddy Tolliver, Harold Mitchell, and Fleming Jordan.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Ruby Temple, Phoebe Tolliver, Lottie Brown, Rev. and Mrs. Douglass Bowman, Mary Newman, Marian Bowman, Ruth Murdock, Mary Murdock, Savilla Vickers, Dennish Bundy, Gladys Bundy, Arizona Wardy, Johnny Harper, Bud Laird, and Carlotta Newman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePictured are Nettie Ray, Lottie Brown, Mary Johnson, Mary Newman, Willie Johnson, Albert Brown, Desmond Johnson, Vivian Redd, Minerva Redd, Lucille Watson, Hattie Watson, Gladys Bundy, Hattie Mitchell, Everett Howard, Fleming Jordan, Louise Winston, and \"Chip\" Johnson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Jim Guy, Arbutus Sampson, Pauline Carter, Clarence Whitelow, Lowell Toliver, and Frances Scott.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Lucy Simms, Henry Vickers, and Joseph Newman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIndentifiable are Goldie Francis and Myrtle Newman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Elon Rhodes, Joe Nickens, Edgar Johnson, Henry Rouser, Everett Howard, Lorenzo Strother, and Alfred Howard.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Ruth Jones, Lois Rouser, Clara Bruce, Betty Yokley, Stitts, \"Duke\" Duncan, Edgar Johnson, Wilhelmina Johnson, Frank Duncan, Peggy Howard, Theodore and Phoebe Tolliver, and Everett Howard.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Willie Harper, Frank Duncan, Willie Bryant, and Theodore Tolliver.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eQueen for Eastern Star Organization.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProfessional athlete.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePh.D., University of Iowa.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOrdained United Methodist minister.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProfessional athlete.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLowell Toliver, Justin Banks, Carlton, Banks, Chief Z, and Marc Shifflett.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTranscript included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a composition notebook with the label \"The property of G. A. Newman, Recording Steward, John Wesley M. E. Church.\" The titled lists include Charter Members of John Wesley M. E. Church Organized October 1865, Deceased Superintendents of John Wesley M. E. Church School, and Partial list of Deceased Members of John Wesley M. E. Church. An untitled list includes member names by street and another just includes member names. These documents appear to be largely in the hand of George A. Newman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Vesper Choir of Mother A. M. E. Zion Cathedral [New York] Presents The Sanctuary Choristers program dated April 28, 1968 is inscribed to Ruby [E. Temple] from Lydia [M. Rogers].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Dedicated to Rudolph Friml for the inspiration received from his \"Indian Love Call.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a lock of hair tied with a red ribbon.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandson Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown.","According to Ruth Toliver, George A. Newman's 480-page manuscript titled \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" is a work of fiction with autobiographical elements. The manuscript is divided into 40 chapters and begins: \"A finer estate than that of Joshua Sowers could not be found in all Virginia. We will not give the exact date, let it suffice for us to say we begin our story April the first, in a certain part of the nineteenth century. The morning was a clear, beautiful one. We locate the scene of our story in the county of Frederick, a short distance from the then small town of Winchester. The estate was rightly named Brookland, for the land was covered with brooks. Mr. Sowers owned a large mill.\" Newman introduces a character named William G. Reed as the hero of the story who is leaving Brookland for Chicago. While not explicitly discussed in the manuscript, it is presumed that both Sowers and Reed are white men. African American characters include Jack, Joshua Sowers's \"faithful servant;\" Aunt Sally, the Sowers' enslaved cook; and George, a free child who lived with Sowers. Researchers should note that the manuscript contains the use of racial slurs and further, the enslaved African American characters are depicted as speaking in a stereotypical dialect as was common practice in late 19th century American literature. George, on the other hand, \"had learned to read and write and he always spoke very fluently.\" ","The manuscript was published for the first time in 2025 by James Madison University Libraries Press Books and was edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. The back cover book blurb provides the following context and summary:  \"In the mid-1870s, a young African American educator arrived in Harrisonburg, Virginia, where he wrote a novel about antebellum life in the Shenandoah Valley. George A. Newman's A Miserable Revenge: A Story of Life in Virginia appears here in print for the first time, nearly 150 years after its composition. The earliest known example of a 'white life' novel--a Black-authored novel about white protagonists--A Miserable Revenge is set in and around Winchester, Virginia, in the 1840s. It draws on the sensationalist conventions of popular fiction of the time to spin a story of dark secrets, lost relatives, mistaken identities, crime and detection, and romance. In the novel, Newman describes the relationship between free and enslaved Black Virginians, drawing on his experience as a free Black child indentured to a white landowner in Winchester before the Civil War.\"","The manuscript pages are numbered in the same hand as the manuscript (George A. Newman's). The following pages are not extant and are missing from the manuscript entirely: pages 71-72, 76-82, 84, 267, 272-275, 289-291, and 375. Newman's page number for page 331 was torn away and at a later time was numbered as page 332, but contextual clues confirm that it is in fact page 331. The page was marked as such by the archivist and the incorrect page number was also retained. Only two pages are present between pages 346-349, and for both of the extant pages the page numbers are at least partially torn away rendering them illegible and their exact order unclear. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.","While the manuscript is undated, writings potentially in Newman's hand and appearing on select verso pages date to 1875 and 1876. Editors of the published version of the manuscript date the document to mid-1870s. The aforementioned writings largely appear to be handwriting exercises or draft correspondence and also include a nine page essay titled \"An Essay on Truth\" which begins on the verso of page 391 continuing through page 409 on the odd page numbers with a few pages skipped. While undated, context clues within the essay, specifically an anecdote regarding New York Senator Roscoe Conkling recently returning from Europe, suggest a date of 1877. Internal evidence suggests that the remarks were likely given by Newman to the local order of the African American fraternal organization Independent Sons and Daughters of Purity, only identified in the essay by the abbreviation \"I. S. \u0026 D. P.\" and \"Sons \u0026 D. of P.\" In this same essay, Newman writes about having to keep his remarks brief due to an upcoming teacher's examination. All of the manuscript pages with writing on their versos were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper.","George Newman's speech \"Observations on the Negro Problem\" primarily concerns education with commentary on industrial education, choice of occupation, and a comparison of education funding for American Indian students vs. African American students. Newman also discusses the topic of African colonization of Black individuals as proposed by \"so-called statesmen and mis-named philanthropists.\" Newman argues \"It is paradoxical to speak of sending him to a place when he is already there. We are to the manor born. This is now our native home....\" Newman recognizes that certain voting laws that require meeting educational and property qualifications are examples of \"adverse legislation,\" but argues that they might be a \"blessing in disguise.\" Newman concludes with a call for an equitably educated citizenry regardless of status. Edits made to the speech suggest that it may have originally been written circa 1902 and presented again in 1913. As such, a date of 1913 is applied to the speech given the contextual clues within despite the document being undated. A draft transcript created by Special Collections staff is filed with the speech.","Twelve cardboard tri-folds compiled by Lowell Toliver include approximately 133 facsimile photographs documenting people and places in Newtown and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood. The photograph descriptions were also compiled by Toliver as was the thematic arrangement of each tri-fold. Family names of people identified in the photographs include Harper, Tolliver/Toliver, Sampson, Yokley, Newman, Bundy, Dallard, Temple, Vickers, Brown, Nickens, and Johnson. Local churches and schools include John Wesley Methodist Church, Bethel AME Church, Effinger Street School, and Simms School. Researchers should note that the surname Toliver is spelled variously as Tolover, Tolliver, etc. in the collection. Lowell Toliver's last name was changed slightly from Tolliver to Toliver when he enlisted in the military.","Six minute books document the financial and administrative functions of the John Wesley Methodist Church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS) between 1943 and 1976. Ruby Newman Temple served as WSCS's secretary for a period of time and kept monthly minutes for the society. Member lists and membership dues are also documented in the minute books. WSCS meetings typically included prayer, scripture reading, hymn singing, a business report, and a program or a topic of discussion. WSCS engaged in community outreach by providing Christmas baskets for the sick in the community, sending sympathy cards, and making charitable donations. The Ruby Newman Temple correspondence primarily relates to her work with WSCS. ","Other materials related to John Wesley Methodist Church include anniversary programs as well as member lists and a brief church history compiled by George Newman. Printed materials related to the United Methodist Church but not specific to John Wesley Methodist Church are also included. ","Four hand-colored sketches by George A. Newman, son of Frederick Newman (1883-1959) are dated August 28, 1929. ","Materials related to Gerald Harris largely concern his design of the turkey monuments that are located on the highway approaches into Harrisonburg and his schooling and coursework at Lucy F. Simms School, Banneker Junior High School, Theodore Roosevelt Senior High School, and Howard University. Report cards and tuition receipts are included. Of interest is a 1954 letter from A. M. Stitt, Lucy F. Simms School principal, certifying that Harris was vaccinated as well as Harris's polio vaccination card.","Materials created by Wendell Temple primarily comprise original handwritten sheet music for piano. Pieces specifically written for the organ, pianoforte, and violin are also included. The bulk of the sheet music is undated but likely dates to the mid-1930s to late 1940s. The compositions are in various states of completeness and order. Sheet music was written on lined notebook paper, blank pages of voter rolls for the 1928 presidential election, and the back of letterhead for the Castle Hall of Rockingham Star Lodge No. 72 Knights of Pythias and the Democratic Campaign Committee. Additional papers include correspondence from Temple to his mother Ruby Newman Temple and an Effinger High School report card.","Among the guests are Cuetta Howard, Valley Terrell, Hattie Washington, Phoebe Tolliver, and Julia Howard.","Pictured are Marguerite Yokley, Doris Harper, Lois Rouser, Altee Beale, Bessie Goodloe, Louise Winston, Lavinia Temple, Peggy Yokley, Buddy Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Betty Yokley, Clara Bruce, Savilla Vickers, Della Harper, Betty Atkins, Norma Edmonds, Selena Duncan, Eddie Caul, Phoebe Tolliver, Vallie Terrell, [unknown first name] Stitt.","Pictured are all of those in 4. Formal party at Tolliver's as well as Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Yokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, and Henry Rouser.","Included are Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Kokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, Henry Rouser.","Ruth, Myrtle, Mary, Hattie, and Carlotta","Jessie Carter, Lowell Toliver, Bernice Tolliver, Buddy Tolliver, Theodore Tolliver","Included are Ruby, Hattie, Myrtle, and Ruth.","Marguerite and Joe Yokley, Mattie Hollins, Phoebe and Theodore Tolliver, Willie Harper, Savilla Vickers, Martha Hollins, Carl Hollins","Demetrius, Fred Jr., George","Included are A. Stitt, Henry Vickers, Andrew Temple, Elon Rhodes, Buddy Tolliver, Harold Mitchell, and Fleming Jordan.","Included are Ruby Temple, Phoebe Tolliver, Lottie Brown, Rev. and Mrs. Douglass Bowman, Mary Newman, Marian Bowman, Ruth Murdock, Mary Murdock, Savilla Vickers, Dennish Bundy, Gladys Bundy, Arizona Wardy, Johnny Harper, Bud Laird, and Carlotta Newman.","Pictured are Nettie Ray, Lottie Brown, Mary Johnson, Mary Newman, Willie Johnson, Albert Brown, Desmond Johnson, Vivian Redd, Minerva Redd, Lucille Watson, Hattie Watson, Gladys Bundy, Hattie Mitchell, Everett Howard, Fleming Jordan, Louise Winston, and \"Chip\" Johnson.","Included are Jim Guy, Arbutus Sampson, Pauline Carter, Clarence Whitelow, Lowell Toliver, and Frances Scott.","Included are Lucy Simms, Henry Vickers, and Joseph Newman.","Indentifiable are Goldie Francis and Myrtle Newman.","Included are Elon Rhodes, Joe Nickens, Edgar Johnson, Henry Rouser, Everett Howard, Lorenzo Strother, and Alfred Howard.","Included are Ruth Jones, Lois Rouser, Clara Bruce, Betty Yokley, Stitts, \"Duke\" Duncan, Edgar Johnson, Wilhelmina Johnson, Frank Duncan, Peggy Howard, Theodore and Phoebe Tolliver, and Everett Howard.","Included are Willie Harper, Frank Duncan, Willie Bryant, and Theodore Tolliver.","Queen for Eastern Star Organization.","Professional athlete.","Ph.D., University of Iowa.","Ordained United Methodist minister.","Professional athlete.","Lowell Toliver, Justin Banks, Carlton, Banks, Chief Z, and Marc Shifflett.","Transcript included.","Includes a composition notebook with the label \"The property of G. A. Newman, Recording Steward, John Wesley M. E. Church.\" The titled lists include Charter Members of John Wesley M. E. Church Organized October 1865, Deceased Superintendents of John Wesley M. E. Church School, and Partial list of Deceased Members of John Wesley M. E. Church. An untitled list includes member names by street and another just includes member names. These documents appear to be largely in the hand of George A. Newman.","The Vesper Choir of Mother A. M. E. Zion Cathedral [New York] Presents The Sanctuary Choristers program dated April 28, 1968 is inscribed to Ruby [E. Temple] from Lydia [M. Rogers].","\"Dedicated to Rudolph Friml for the inspiration received from his \"Indian Love Call.\"","Includes a lock of hair tied with a red ribbon."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOne copy of the pamphlet Seventy-fifth Anniversary of the John Wesley Methodist Church, Harrisonburg, Virginia, October 20th through 27th, 1940 was removed from the collection and cataloged separately as part of Special Collections' rare book holdings. A second copy remains in the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["One copy of the pamphlet Seventy-fifth Anniversary of the John Wesley Methodist Church, Harrisonburg, Virginia, October 20th through 27th, 1940 was removed from the collection and cataloged separately as part of Special Collections' rare book holdings. A second copy remains in the collection."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_4bcb0d86958b487646d5b5f8bec1dc4e\"\u003eThe Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandsons Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) and Wendell Temple (1923-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandsons Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) and Wendell Temple (1923-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown."],"names_coll_ssim":["Lucy F. Simms School (Public school)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Woman's Society of Christian Service","Effinger Street School","Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Lucy F. Simms School (Public school)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Woman's Society of Christian Service","Effinger Street School","Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Newtown, Rockingham County, Va.)","Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005","Allen, Doris Harper, 1927-2021","Rhodes, Elon W. (Elon Walter), 1922-2006","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Fairfax, Mary Awkard, 1912-2006","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Dickerson, Eugene, (Physician)","Friml, Rudolf, 1879-1972"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Lucy F. Simms School (Public school)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Woman's Society of Christian Service","Effinger Street School","Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Newtown, Rockingham County, Va.)"],"persname_ssim":["Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005","Allen, Doris Harper, 1927-2021","Rhodes, Elon W. (Elon Walter), 1922-2006","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Fairfax, Mary Awkard, 1912-2006","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Dickerson, Eugene, (Physician)","Friml, Rudolf, 1879-1972"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":192,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:22:06.237Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_644_c02"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_776_c04_c01","type":"Subgroup","attributes":{"title":"Removed from binders labeled \"Former faculty/staff\"","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_776_c04_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_776_c04_c01","ref_ssm":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_776_c04_c01"],"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_776_c04_c01","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_776","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_776","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_776_c04","parent_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_776_c04","parent_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_776","vihart_repositories_4_resources_776_c04"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_776","vihart_repositories_4_resources_776_c04"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["University Communications and Marketing records","Personnel biographical files"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["University Communications and Marketing records","Personnel biographical files"],"text":["University Communications and Marketing records","Personnel biographical files","Removed from binders labeled \"Former faculty/staff\"","Campanelli, Lou","Driesell, Lefty, 1931-2024","Dingledine, Raymond C., Jr., 1919-1990","Jennings, Lillian Pegues, 1926-2016","Jenkins, Marie M. (Marie Magdalen), 1909-1997","Miller, G. Tyler (George Tyler), 1902-1988","Morrison, Lee (Lonnie Leotus), 1926-2015","Ramsey, Inez Linn, 1938-2025","Riley, James R. (James Rex), 1938-1987","Smith, Elmer Lewis, 1920-1981","Sonner, Ray V., Dr. (Ray Vincent), 1925-2012","Spaar, Lisa Russ (1956-03-17)","Theodore, Crystal, 1917-2012"],"title_filing_ssi":"Removed from binders labeled \"Former faculty/staff\"","title_ssm":["Removed from binders labeled \"Former faculty/staff\""],"title_tesim":["Removed from binders labeled \"Former faculty/staff\""],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1945-1994"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1945/1994"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Removed from binders labeled \"Former faculty/staff\""],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"collection_ssim":["University Communications and Marketing records"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":25,"level_ssm":["Subgroup"],"level_ssim":["Subgroup"],"sort_isi":651,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Copyright for materials authored or otherwise produced as official business of James Madison University is retained by James Madison University. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user.","Staff have taken special care to identify and remove sensitive materials, particularly those relating to students' academic records and personnel employment records, found within this collection. However, in rare instances, privacy protected information may be revealed during use of this collection. Researchers agree to make no notes or other recordation of privacy protected information if found within this collection, and further agree not to publish or disclose such information for any purpose.","For more information, contact the Special Collections Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"date_range_isim":[1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994],"names_ssim":["Campanelli, Lou","Driesell, Lefty, 1931-2024","Dingledine, Raymond C., Jr., 1919-1990","Jennings, Lillian Pegues, 1926-2016","Jenkins, Marie M. (Marie Magdalen), 1909-1997","Miller, G. Tyler (George Tyler), 1902-1988","Morrison, Lee (Lonnie Leotus), 1926-2015","Ramsey, Inez Linn, 1938-2025","Riley, James R. (James Rex), 1938-1987","Smith, Elmer Lewis, 1920-1981","Sonner, Ray V., Dr. (Ray Vincent), 1925-2012","Spaar, Lisa Russ (1956-03-17)","Theodore, Crystal, 1917-2012"],"persname_ssim":["Campanelli, Lou","Driesell, Lefty, 1931-2024","Dingledine, Raymond C., Jr., 1919-1990","Jennings, Lillian Pegues, 1926-2016","Jenkins, Marie M. (Marie Magdalen), 1909-1997","Miller, G. Tyler (George Tyler), 1902-1988","Morrison, Lee (Lonnie Leotus), 1926-2015","Ramsey, Inez Linn, 1938-2025","Riley, James R. (James Rex), 1938-1987","Smith, Elmer Lewis, 1920-1981","Sonner, Ray V., Dr. (Ray Vincent), 1925-2012","Spaar, Lisa Russ (1956-03-17)","Theodore, Crystal, 1917-2012"],"_nest_path_":"/components#3/components#0","timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:25:29.210Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_776","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_776","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_776","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_776","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_776.xml","title_ssm":["University Communications and Marketing records"],"title_tesim":["University Communications and Marketing records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1930-2017"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1930-2017"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["UA 0003","/repositories/4/resources/776"],"text":["UA 0003","/repositories/4/resources/776","University Communications and Marketing records","Universities and colleges -- Public relations","College publicity","Special events -- Marketing","College sports -- Marketing","College sports -- Public relations","College students -- Social life and customs","Administrative records","Letters (correspondence)","Press releases","Photographs","Biographical sketches","Résumés (personnel records)","Personnel records","Speeches (Documents)","Programs (documents)","Pen and ink drawings","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Original media formats are restricted from access. Reformatted access copies may be available, or media reformatting may be available upon request. Contact research services staff at library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.","Approximately 64 scrapbooks (from accessions PR 88-1015, PR 88-1027) comprising newspaper clippings were deaccessioned in December 2022. The contents of the newspaper clippings is duplicated in the press releases and newspaper holdings within Carrier Library.","To the archivist's best ability, records containing personal identifying information (PII) particularly pertaining to student records and personnel files, were removed from the collection.","Extraneous and duplicative copies of university publications as well as photocopies of published materials and website print-outs (particularly related to James Madison) were not retained. Copies of Board of Visitors minutes, duplicative of those contained in UA 0010, were not retained.","Forms and documents issued by the Library of Virginia and related to JMU's public records retention and disposal including Certificates or Records Disposal (form RM-3), Records Transfer List and Receipt (form RM-17), Records Retention and Disposition Schedules (form RM-2), and other related forms were not retained. These files primarily contained photocopies and carbon copies of the aforementioned forms.","Draft versions of Montpelier/Madison Magazine articles as well as email correspondence related to edits were not retained. The final published issues of the magazines are held by Special Collections and are considered to be the official version of record. Unless markedly compelling or otherwise significant, documents related to the design, editing, and drafting process of Montpelier/Madison Magazine were not retained. A similar appraisal approach was taken for materials related to website updates.","Episodes of \"With Good Reason\" (copied on CDs), which originally aired on Virginia National Public Radio stations between 2007-2010 and featuring JMU faculty or on JMU-related topics, were not retained due to duplication of originals held by Virginia Humanities and made available online at https://www.withgoodreasonradio.org/.","Student Board of Visitors member biographical files containing personal identifiying information (PII) and reference letters were not retained in compliance with FERPA.","Floppy disks containing software programs (e.g. Microsoft Word version 3.10) were not retained.","The collection is arranged into seven series:","Press releases, 1969-2010 Administrative files, 1954-2014 Events, 1967-2014 Personnel biographical files, 1930-2008 Correspondence, 1979-2014 Photographs, 1970-2011 Media, 1980-2017","Arranged by record type and alphabetically.","James Madison University's Communications and Marketing Department, known variously throughout the years as Public Relations Department, Department of Public Services, Media Relations, University Marketing and Branding, etc., was created in 1967, headed by Richard C. Mandeville and overseen by the executive assistant to the president. The creation of this department was part of the major reorganization of the college in 1967 and one of its main concerns was information services. The Public Relations Department became the Department of Public Services in 1972. This department was headed by Ray V. Sonner, who oversaw the Office of Public Information which was responsible for sending press releases and pictures to off-campus media outlets. In 1973, sports information and public information each became a distinct office under the Department of Public Services. In 1976, the offices of sports information and public information were combined. Throughout this time, Sonner supervised the Department of Public and Sports Information, headed by Richard Murray and Milla Sue Wisecarver. The university's official publication, first known as Montpelier and later rebranded to Madison, was first published in 1977 and is produced for alumni, parents of JMU students, faculty and staff members, and friends of the university. Since 1984, the office that directed the public relations of the university has changed names many times. Fred Hilton, who served as chief public relations officer and later as Director of the Centennial Celebration from 1972 until 2009, contributed greatly to the administrative functions of JMU's Communications and Marketing Department. As a result, Hilton is a significant contributor to the collection as a records creator. Don Egle, Hilton's successor, served as Senior Director of Communications and University Spokesperson until 2015.","The collection was minimally processed in June 2015 by Emily Rheault under the collection number PR 87-0922. Collection fully reprocessed in October 2022 under the collection number UA 0003. At this time, two boxes of duplicate press releases and photocopied newspaper clippings were deaccessioned. Approximately 64 scrapbooks comprising newspaper clippings were also deaccessioned. The contents of the newspaper clippings is duplicated in the press releases and newspaper holdings within Carrier Library. In August 2025, the collection organization and finding aid was significantly updated to reflect the incorporation of 10 previously unprocessed accessions from JMU Communications and Marketing. Prior to the incorporation of these additional records, the collection was titled Office of Public Affairs press releases.","Donor supplied folder labels and groupings of materials were retained where possible.","A group of drawings on paper and polyester transparencies documenting campus buildings and maps exhibited significant degradation due to adhesive transfer and adhesion to other materials. They were not salvageable and were not retained. Similarly impacted university logos were also discarded.","CASE awards, measuring 8.5\" x 11\" and mounted on foam board, were photocopied and originals discarded to conserve space.","The first A-Z group of biographical files were removed from binders labeled \"Former faculty/staff.\" The second, and larger, group of A-Z biographical files were removed from binders labeled \"Current faculty/staff.\" Files are arranged alphabetically according to last name (same as the order in which they were originally compiled by the creator).","Photographs in bound albums compiled by Chappell Graduation Images and presented to JMU were removed and foldered to conserve space.","Collection documents the varied functions and activities of James Madison University's Communications and Marketing office whose main objective is to advance the university's brand. Media relations, communications, public affairs, publicity, and brand strategy also fall under the department's portfolio. ","Records include general and sports press releases; correspondence written by and on behalf of university administration and FOIA requests; general administrative files related to marketing and branding initiatives as well as select university publications; event information including speeches that primarily concern commencement and other large/recurring events; personnel biographical files; photographs documenting inaugurations, commencements and other events; and assorted media.","The series consists of press releases created by the Office of Public Affairs (later Media Relations) and the Office of Sports Information. The press releases announce university and student related news and primarily concern major initiatives, construction projects, changes to the curriculum, budget and financials, events, and athletics.","The press releases are divided into General Press Releases and Sports Press Releases. General press releases include notices of events, changes to academic programs, construction projects, school statistics, budget and policy updates, and individual student achievements.","Sports press releases contain athletics related press releases for Madison College/James Madison University. These press releases contain notices and results of sports matches, individual student statistics and accomplishments, and season statistics.","This series documents the wide-ranging administrative functions of the university's communications, marketing, and branding departments. Materials relate to major initiatives including Madison Century, the university's centennial anniversary (including historical information to support this initiative), Greater Madison, Montpelier/Madison Magazine and its redesign, academic restructuring during the 1990s, crisis communication, and more. In addition to JMU marketing campaigns, records also document messaging and response strategies to situations and events involving to the JMU community.","Materials also concern JMU's involvement in marketing and communications professional organizations including the Council for Advancement and Support of Education (CASE), the Public Relations Council of the Shenandoah Valley, and others.","The records also include numerous proposals from communications consulting services; branding, logos, and drawings of campus buildings used for marketing purposes; various survey results; school rankings; and general facts and figures.","Includes information on Jacob M. Garber (1901-1993), early male graduate.","1. Campus Development Plan (Wright, Jones \u0026 Wilkerson - Architects), January 1980","2. Campus Development Plan (Wright, Jones \u0026 Wilkerson - Architects), November 1980","3. Untitled drawing documenting the Village dormitories, Interstate 81, and specifically updates to East Campus (Convocation Center under construction, steam lines, access roads), circa 1982","Includes Council for Advancement and Support of Education (CASE) awards.","Drawings by Shep Wright, artist and designer in publications office.","Prepared by Martin Research, Inc.","Marist, Sarah Butters","The series documents the varied events and programming hosted by James Madison University as well as events attended by university staff for the purpose of delivering an address or speech. Materials include speeches, programs, agendas, logistical information, planning documents, and select press releases. Major events include commencement, Founders Day/James Madison Day, and building dedications.","While many of the speeches were delivered by President Ronald Carrier (and at least prepared in part by Fred Hilton), other speakers are included.","Prepared by Fred Hilton","Prepared by Fred Hilton","Prepared by Fred Hilton","\"Leadership: The Catalyst for Progress\"","Prepared by Fred Hilton","The bulk of this series contains faculty, staff, coach, and administrator CVs, resumes, and biographical forms collected by the university's public information office. Folder date ranges for these materials are based approximately on the hire date that is documented on the biographical form or attached CV. This is due to the prevalence of undated forms and CVs as well as edits made to forms after they were initially completed.","A portion of the series also includes files with biographical information on Board of Visitors members.","Individuals' photographs and headshots may be included in folders and/or attached to CVs.","Includes HR information and employment records.","Includes HR information and employment records.","Correspondence, newspaper clippings, articles regarding the death of Warren during a tornado in Ohio in 1965.","Includes Board of Visitors photographs","The bulk of the series comprises correspondence and memoranda written by Fred Hilton, who held the position of director of media relations, on behalf of President Ronald Carrier and other university administrators; Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) requests and responses; and Montpelier/Madison Magazine correspondence.","Photographs and negatives document major university events including graduation ceremonies (taken by JMU as well as Chappell Graduation Images), inauguration of President Linwood Rose, Founders Day/James Madison Day, donor events, and building construction and groundbreakings. Photographs of faculty, staff, administrators, and Board of Visitors members are also represented. The series also includes photographs created and used for marketing and branding purposes.","The contents of the folders labeled \"Historic photographs\" may be duplicates of those housed in UA 0051.","May be duplicates of photographs in UA 0051.","May be duplicates of photographs in UA 0051.","May be duplicates of photographs in UA 0051.","May be duplicates of photographs in UA 0051.","Scholarship Luncheon, Strings Scholarship Presentation, Baird Luncheon, Faculty/Staff Donor Recognition Celebration, Holiday Fest","Contains unreformatted media of various types (audiovisual and images) that document graduations, JMU-related television programs, interviews with alumni and faculty, and other university events and programs.","Air date noted as both April 26, 1983 and April 30, 1983.","David Gallatin reports on the 2nd annual Valley Day that took place at JMU on Saturday, September 19, 1981. Includes coverage of the woodchopping rodeo, a tobacco spitting contest, a clogging demonstration by JMU's Folk Dance Ensemble, a bluegrass performance by Empty Pockets, local woodcarvers, and other artisans. Gallatin interviews Fred Hilton, Assistant to the Vice President of University Relations, and other local Valley Day participants.","Handwritten contents list with time stamps included in videocassette case.","David Gallatin reports on the 3nd annual Valley Day that took place at JMU on Saturday, September 11, 1982. Includes coverage of spinning wool, a repelling demonstration by JMU's ROTC from Eagle Hall, and a performance by J. Willie Johnson Bluegrass Band. ","This episode of JMU Journal also includes interviews with Linton Townes, JMU basketball player and NBA hopeful, and Tom Watkins, JMU Alumni Director.","Handwritten contents list included in videocassette case.","Handwritten contents list included in videocassette case.","Televised by WVPT.","Likely summer commencement","Exact content on disks is unknown but based on the labels likely contains Fred Hilton correspondence, speeches, and materials related to commencement and other events. It cannot be determined if any of the digital materials duplicate the physical materials held in this collection.","Interviews conducted for the \"Being the Change\" marketing campaign. Narrators include Kai Degner, Phillip Bigler, Joanne Gabbin, Tom Dingledine, and others.","Exact content on disks is unknown but based on the labels likely contain Ronald Carrier correspondence and speeches, N and C drive back-ups, crisis and communication plans, FOIA correspondence, and other materials. It cannot be determined if any of the digital materials duplicate the physical materials held in this collection.","Includes 2006 and 2008 commencements, among other events.","Issues of What's Up, Time \u0026 Place, and JMU Extra, weekly distributions of university event calendars and event schedules, major reports, issues of university publications, and sports media guides were separated from the collection and cataloged bibliographically.","Copyright for materials authored or otherwise produced as official business of James Madison University is retained by James Madison University. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user.","Staff have taken special care to identify and remove sensitive materials, particularly those relating to students' academic records and personnel employment records, found within this collection. However, in rare instances, privacy protected information may be revealed during use of this collection. Researchers agree to make no notes or other recordation of privacy protected information if found within this collection, and further agree not to publish or disclose such information for any purpose.","For more information, contact the Special Collections Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Collection documents the varied functions and activities of James Madison University's Communications and Marketing office whose main objective is to advance the university's brand. Records include press releases, correspondence, general administrative files, event information, personnel biographical files, photographs, and assorted media.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","James Madison University. University Communications and Marketing","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.)","Madison College","James Madison University","James Madison University -- Sports","Chappell Graduation Images","Hilton, Fred, 1943-2022","William, Jackameit","Madison, James, 1751-1836","Ashby, Turner, 1828-1862","Acosta, Jim","Godwin, Mills E. (Mills Edwin), 1914-1999","Chandler, Wallace L. (Wallace Lee), 1926-2021","Miller, G. Tyler (George Tyler), 1902-1988","Ford, Gerald R. (Gerald Rudolph), 1913-2006","North, Oliver, 1943-","Obama, Barack","McDonnell, Robert F.","Campanelli, Lou","Driesell, Lefty, 1931-2024","Dingledine, Raymond C., Jr., 1919-1990","Jennings, Lillian Pegues, 1926-2016","Jenkins, Marie M. (Marie Magdalen), 1909-1997","Morrison, Lee (Lonnie Leotus), 1926-2015","Ramsey, Inez Linn, 1938-2025","Riley, James R. (James Rex), 1938-1987","Smith, Elmer Lewis, 1920-1981","Sonner, Ray V., Dr. (Ray Vincent), 1925-2012","Spaar, Lisa Russ (1956-03-17)","Theodore, Crystal, 1917-2012","Benson, Arthur Jerry","Bolgiano, Chris","Borg, Kevin L.","Carrier, Ronald E., 1932-2017","Cohen, Ralph, 1917-2016","Gabbin, Alexander L. (1945)","Gabbin, Joanne V. (Joanne Veal), 1946-","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","Grayson, Joann, 1948-","Hyser, Raymond M., 1955-","Ingham, William Herbert, 1947-","Kohen, Andrew I.","Leary, James J.","Matthews, Mickey","Morley-Mower, Geoffrey, 1918-2005","Rose, Linwood H. (Linwood Howard), 1951-","Torisky, Danielle","Baliles, Gerald L. (Gerald Lee) (1940-07-08-2019-10-29)","Duke, Samuel Page, 1885-1955","Robb, Charles S. (Charles Spittal) (1939-06-26)","Terry, Mary Sue","Warner, John W., 1927-","Warren, Percy H. (Percy Holmes), 1906-1965","Wilder, Lawrence Douglas, 1931-","Johnson, Deborah Tompkins","Lancaster, Dabney S. (Dabney Stewart), 1889-1975","Lee, Emily Lewis, 1922-2014","Roop, V. Inez Graybeal (Vivian Inez), 1913-2010","Showker, Zane D. (Zane Durwood), 1926-2004","Spurlock, James B., Jr., d. 2019","Taylor, James H., Jr.","Wampler, Charles W., Jr., 1915-2017","White, Helen Mugler (1903-1990)","Hope, Bob, 1903-2003","Allen, George, 1952-","Olin, Jim, 1920-2006","Holton, A. Linwood (Abner Linwood), 1923-","Adams, Patch, 1945-","Townes, Linton, 1959-","English"],"unitid_tesim":["UA 0003","/repositories/4/resources/776"],"normalized_title_ssm":["University Communications and Marketing records"],"collection_title_tesim":["University Communications and Marketing records"],"collection_ssim":["University Communications and Marketing records"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"creator_ssm":["James Madison University. University Communications and Marketing","Hilton, Fred, 1943-2022","James Madison University. University Communications and Marketing","William, Jackameit"],"creator_ssim":["James Madison University. University Communications and Marketing","Hilton, Fred, 1943-2022","James Madison University. University Communications and Marketing","William, Jackameit"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Hilton, Fred, 1943-2022","William, Jackameit"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Madison University. University Communications and Marketing","James Madison University. University Communications and Marketing"],"creators_ssim":["Hilton, Fred, 1943-2022","William, Jackameit","James Madison University. University Communications and Marketing","James Madison University. University Communications and Marketing"],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright for materials authored or otherwise produced as official business of James Madison University is retained by James Madison University. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user.","Staff have taken special care to identify and remove sensitive materials, particularly those relating to students' academic records and personnel employment records, found within this collection. However, in rare instances, privacy protected information may be revealed during use of this collection. Researchers agree to make no notes or other recordation of privacy protected information if found within this collection, and further agree not to publish or disclose such information for any purpose.","For more information, contact the Special Collections Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Sixty-two binders of press releases were transferred by Fred Hilton of JMU Communications in September 1987. Other offices in Wilson Hall presumably contributed to the transfer though specific provenance is unclear. Two accessions of 64 scrapbooks containing newspaper clippings from local newspapers were recieved in 1988. These materials were deaccessioned in 2022 due to duplication in other sources. Beginning in 2013 through 2022, ten record transfers from Communications and Marketing were made to Special Collections."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Universities and colleges -- Public relations","College publicity","Special events -- Marketing","College sports -- Marketing","College sports -- Public relations","College students -- Social life and customs","Administrative records","Letters (correspondence)","Press releases","Photographs","Biographical sketches","Résumés (personnel records)","Personnel records","Speeches (Documents)","Programs (documents)","Pen and ink drawings"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Universities and colleges -- Public relations","College publicity","Special events -- Marketing","College sports -- Marketing","College sports -- Public relations","College students -- Social life and customs","Administrative records","Letters (correspondence)","Press releases","Photographs","Biographical sketches","Résumés (personnel records)","Personnel records","Speeches (Documents)","Programs (documents)","Pen and ink drawings"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["32.98 cubic feet 93 boxes, 1 flat file"],"extent_tesim":["32.98 cubic feet 93 boxes, 1 flat file"],"genreform_ssim":["Administrative records","Letters (correspondence)","Press releases","Photographs","Biographical sketches","Résumés (personnel records)","Personnel records","Speeches (Documents)","Programs (documents)","Pen and ink drawings"],"date_range_isim":[1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal media formats are restricted from access. Reformatted access copies may be available, or media reformatting may be available upon request. Contact research services staff at library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Original media formats are restricted from access. Reformatted access copies may be available, or media reformatting may be available upon request. Contact research services staff at library-special@jmu.edu for additional information."],"appraisal_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eApproximately 64 scrapbooks (from accessions PR 88-1015, PR 88-1027) comprising newspaper clippings were deaccessioned in December 2022. The contents of the newspaper clippings is duplicated in the press releases and newspaper holdings within Carrier Library.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTo the archivist's best ability, records containing personal identifying information (PII) particularly pertaining to student records and personnel files, were removed from the collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eExtraneous and duplicative copies of university publications as well as photocopies of published materials and website print-outs (particularly related to James Madison) were not retained. Copies of Board of Visitors minutes, duplicative of those contained in UA 0010, were not retained.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eForms and documents issued by the Library of Virginia and related to JMU's public records retention and disposal including Certificates or Records Disposal (form RM-3), Records Transfer List and Receipt (form RM-17), Records Retention and Disposition Schedules (form RM-2), and other related forms were not retained. These files primarily contained photocopies and carbon copies of the aforementioned forms.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDraft versions of Montpelier/Madison Magazine articles as well as email correspondence related to edits were not retained. The final published issues of the magazines are held by Special Collections and are considered to be the official version of record. Unless markedly compelling or otherwise significant, documents related to the design, editing, and drafting process of Montpelier/Madison Magazine were not retained. A similar appraisal approach was taken for materials related to website updates.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEpisodes of \"With Good Reason\" (copied on CDs), which originally aired on Virginia National Public Radio stations between 2007-2010 and featuring JMU faculty or on JMU-related topics, were not retained due to duplication of originals held by Virginia Humanities and made available online at https://www.withgoodreasonradio.org/.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStudent Board of Visitors member biographical files containing personal identifiying information (PII) and reference letters were not retained in compliance with FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFloppy disks containing software programs (e.g. Microsoft Word version 3.10) were not retained.\u003c/p\u003e"],"appraisal_heading_ssm":["Appraisal","Appraisal","Appraisal"],"appraisal_tesim":["Approximately 64 scrapbooks (from accessions PR 88-1015, PR 88-1027) comprising newspaper clippings were deaccessioned in December 2022. The contents of the newspaper clippings is duplicated in the press releases and newspaper holdings within Carrier Library.","To the archivist's best ability, records containing personal identifying information (PII) particularly pertaining to student records and personnel files, were removed from the collection.","Extraneous and duplicative copies of university publications as well as photocopies of published materials and website print-outs (particularly related to James Madison) were not retained. Copies of Board of Visitors minutes, duplicative of those contained in UA 0010, were not retained.","Forms and documents issued by the Library of Virginia and related to JMU's public records retention and disposal including Certificates or Records Disposal (form RM-3), Records Transfer List and Receipt (form RM-17), Records Retention and Disposition Schedules (form RM-2), and other related forms were not retained. These files primarily contained photocopies and carbon copies of the aforementioned forms.","Draft versions of Montpelier/Madison Magazine articles as well as email correspondence related to edits were not retained. The final published issues of the magazines are held by Special Collections and are considered to be the official version of record. Unless markedly compelling or otherwise significant, documents related to the design, editing, and drafting process of Montpelier/Madison Magazine were not retained. A similar appraisal approach was taken for materials related to website updates.","Episodes of \"With Good Reason\" (copied on CDs), which originally aired on Virginia National Public Radio stations between 2007-2010 and featuring JMU faculty or on JMU-related topics, were not retained due to duplication of originals held by Virginia Humanities and made available online at https://www.withgoodreasonradio.org/.","Student Board of Visitors member biographical files containing personal identifiying information (PII) and reference letters were not retained in compliance with FERPA.","Floppy disks containing software programs (e.g. Microsoft Word version 3.10) were not retained."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into seven series:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePress releases, 1969-2010\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eAdministrative files, 1954-2014\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eEvents, 1967-2014\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePersonnel biographical files, 1930-2008\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eCorrespondence, 1979-2014\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePhotographs, 1970-2011\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eMedia, 1980-2017\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged by record type and alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement","Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into seven series:","Press releases, 1969-2010 Administrative files, 1954-2014 Events, 1967-2014 Personnel biographical files, 1930-2008 Correspondence, 1979-2014 Photographs, 1970-2011 Media, 1980-2017","Arranged by record type and alphabetically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames Madison University's Communications and Marketing Department, known variously throughout the years as Public Relations Department, Department of Public Services, Media Relations, University Marketing and Branding, etc., was created in 1967, headed by Richard C. Mandeville and overseen by the executive assistant to the president. The creation of this department was part of the major reorganization of the college in 1967 and one of its main concerns was information services. The Public Relations Department became the Department of Public Services in 1972. This department was headed by Ray V. Sonner, who oversaw the Office of Public Information which was responsible for sending press releases and pictures to off-campus media outlets. In 1973, sports information and public information each became a distinct office under the Department of Public Services. In 1976, the offices of sports information and public information were combined. Throughout this time, Sonner supervised the Department of Public and Sports Information, headed by Richard Murray and Milla Sue Wisecarver. The university's official publication, first known as Montpelier and later rebranded to Madison, was first published in 1977 and is produced for alumni, parents of JMU students, faculty and staff members, and friends of the university. Since 1984, the office that directed the public relations of the university has changed names many times. Fred Hilton, who served as chief public relations officer and later as Director of the Centennial Celebration from 1972 until 2009, contributed greatly to the administrative functions of JMU's Communications and Marketing Department. As a result, Hilton is a significant contributor to the collection as a records creator. Don Egle, Hilton's successor, served as Senior Director of Communications and University Spokesperson until 2015.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Administrative History"],"bioghist_tesim":["James Madison University's Communications and Marketing Department, known variously throughout the years as Public Relations Department, Department of Public Services, Media Relations, University Marketing and Branding, etc., was created in 1967, headed by Richard C. Mandeville and overseen by the executive assistant to the president. The creation of this department was part of the major reorganization of the college in 1967 and one of its main concerns was information services. The Public Relations Department became the Department of Public Services in 1972. This department was headed by Ray V. Sonner, who oversaw the Office of Public Information which was responsible for sending press releases and pictures to off-campus media outlets. In 1973, sports information and public information each became a distinct office under the Department of Public Services. In 1976, the offices of sports information and public information were combined. Throughout this time, Sonner supervised the Department of Public and Sports Information, headed by Richard Murray and Milla Sue Wisecarver. The university's official publication, first known as Montpelier and later rebranded to Madison, was first published in 1977 and is produced for alumni, parents of JMU students, faculty and staff members, and friends of the university. Since 1984, the office that directed the public relations of the university has changed names many times. Fred Hilton, who served as chief public relations officer and later as Director of the Centennial Celebration from 1972 until 2009, contributed greatly to the administrative functions of JMU's Communications and Marketing Department. As a result, Hilton is a significant contributor to the collection as a records creator. Don Egle, Hilton's successor, served as Senior Director of Communications and University Spokesperson until 2015."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], University Communications and Marketing records, 1930-2017, UA 0003, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], University Communications and Marketing records, 1930-2017, UA 0003, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection was minimally processed in June 2015 by Emily Rheault under the collection number PR 87-0922. Collection fully reprocessed in October 2022 under the collection number UA 0003. At this time, two boxes of duplicate press releases and photocopied newspaper clippings were deaccessioned. Approximately 64 scrapbooks comprising newspaper clippings were also deaccessioned. The contents of the newspaper clippings is duplicated in the press releases and newspaper holdings within Carrier Library. In August 2025, the collection organization and finding aid was significantly updated to reflect the incorporation of 10 previously unprocessed accessions from JMU Communications and Marketing. Prior to the incorporation of these additional records, the collection was titled Office of Public Affairs press releases.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDonor supplied folder labels and groupings of materials were retained where possible.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA group of drawings on paper and polyester transparencies documenting campus buildings and maps exhibited significant degradation due to adhesive transfer and adhesion to other materials. They were not salvageable and were not retained. Similarly impacted university logos were also discarded.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCASE awards, measuring 8.5\" x 11\" and mounted on foam board, were photocopied and originals discarded to conserve space.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe first A-Z group of biographical files were removed from binders labeled \"Former faculty/staff.\" The second, and larger, group of A-Z biographical files were removed from binders labeled \"Current faculty/staff.\" Files are arranged alphabetically according to last name (same as the order in which they were originally compiled by the creator).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs in bound albums compiled by Chappell Graduation Images and presented to JMU were removed and foldered to conserve space.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information","Processing Information","Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The collection was minimally processed in June 2015 by Emily Rheault under the collection number PR 87-0922. Collection fully reprocessed in October 2022 under the collection number UA 0003. At this time, two boxes of duplicate press releases and photocopied newspaper clippings were deaccessioned. Approximately 64 scrapbooks comprising newspaper clippings were also deaccessioned. The contents of the newspaper clippings is duplicated in the press releases and newspaper holdings within Carrier Library. In August 2025, the collection organization and finding aid was significantly updated to reflect the incorporation of 10 previously unprocessed accessions from JMU Communications and Marketing. Prior to the incorporation of these additional records, the collection was titled Office of Public Affairs press releases.","Donor supplied folder labels and groupings of materials were retained where possible.","A group of drawings on paper and polyester transparencies documenting campus buildings and maps exhibited significant degradation due to adhesive transfer and adhesion to other materials. They were not salvageable and were not retained. Similarly impacted university logos were also discarded.","CASE awards, measuring 8.5\" x 11\" and mounted on foam board, were photocopied and originals discarded to conserve space.","The first A-Z group of biographical files were removed from binders labeled \"Former faculty/staff.\" The second, and larger, group of A-Z biographical files were removed from binders labeled \"Current faculty/staff.\" Files are arranged alphabetically according to last name (same as the order in which they were originally compiled by the creator).","Photographs in bound albums compiled by Chappell Graduation Images and presented to JMU were removed and foldered to conserve space."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection documents the varied functions and activities of James Madison University's Communications and Marketing office whose main objective is to advance the university's brand. Media relations, communications, public affairs, publicity, and brand strategy also fall under the department's portfolio. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRecords include general and sports press releases; correspondence written by and on behalf of university administration and FOIA requests; general administrative files related to marketing and branding initiatives as well as select university publications; event information including speeches that primarily concern commencement and other large/recurring events; personnel biographical files; photographs documenting inaugurations, commencements and other events; and assorted media.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe series consists of press releases created by the Office of Public Affairs (later Media Relations) and the Office of Sports Information. The press releases announce university and student related news and primarily concern major initiatives, construction projects, changes to the curriculum, budget and financials, events, and athletics.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe press releases are divided into General Press Releases and Sports Press Releases. General press releases include notices of events, changes to academic programs, construction projects, school statistics, budget and policy updates, and individual student achievements.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSports press releases contain athletics related press releases for Madison College/James Madison University. These press releases contain notices and results of sports matches, individual student statistics and accomplishments, and season statistics.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series documents the wide-ranging administrative functions of the university's communications, marketing, and branding departments. Materials relate to major initiatives including Madison Century, the university's centennial anniversary (including historical information to support this initiative), Greater Madison, Montpelier/Madison Magazine and its redesign, academic restructuring during the 1990s, crisis communication, and more. In addition to JMU marketing campaigns, records also document messaging and response strategies to situations and events involving to the JMU community.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaterials also concern JMU's involvement in marketing and communications professional organizations including the Council for Advancement and Support of Education (CASE), the Public Relations Council of the Shenandoah Valley, and others.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe records also include numerous proposals from communications consulting services; branding, logos, and drawings of campus buildings used for marketing purposes; various survey results; school rankings; and general facts and figures.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes information on Jacob M. Garber (1901-1993), early male graduate.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1. Campus Development Plan (Wright, Jones \u0026amp; Wilkerson - Architects), January 1980\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2. Campus Development Plan (Wright, Jones \u0026amp; Wilkerson - Architects), November 1980\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e3. Untitled drawing documenting the Village dormitories, Interstate 81, and specifically updates to East Campus (Convocation Center under construction, steam lines, access roads), circa 1982\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes Council for Advancement and Support of Education (CASE) awards.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawings by Shep Wright, artist and designer in publications office.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrepared by Martin Research, Inc.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarist, Sarah Butters\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe series documents the varied events and programming hosted by James Madison University as well as events attended by university staff for the purpose of delivering an address or speech. Materials include speeches, programs, agendas, logistical information, planning documents, and select press releases. Major events include commencement, Founders Day/James Madison Day, and building dedications.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhile many of the speeches were delivered by President Ronald Carrier (and at least prepared in part by Fred Hilton), other speakers are included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrepared by Fred Hilton\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrepared by Fred Hilton\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrepared by Fred Hilton\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Leadership: The Catalyst for Progress\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrepared by Fred Hilton\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of this series contains faculty, staff, coach, and administrator CVs, resumes, and biographical forms collected by the university's public information office. Folder date ranges for these materials are based approximately on the hire date that is documented on the biographical form or attached CV. This is due to the prevalence of undated forms and CVs as well as edits made to forms after they were initially completed.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA portion of the series also includes files with biographical information on Board of Visitors members.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIndividuals' photographs and headshots may be included in folders and/or attached to CVs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes HR information and employment records.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes HR information and employment records.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, newspaper clippings, articles regarding the death of Warren during a tornado in Ohio in 1965.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes Board of Visitors photographs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the series comprises correspondence and memoranda written by Fred Hilton, who held the position of director of media relations, on behalf of President Ronald Carrier and other university administrators; Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) requests and responses; and Montpelier/Madison Magazine correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs and negatives document major university events including graduation ceremonies (taken by JMU as well as Chappell Graduation Images), inauguration of President Linwood Rose, Founders Day/James Madison Day, donor events, and building construction and groundbreakings. Photographs of faculty, staff, administrators, and Board of Visitors members are also represented. The series also includes photographs created and used for marketing and branding purposes.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe contents of the folders labeled \"Historic photographs\" may be duplicates of those housed in UA 0051.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay be duplicates of photographs in UA 0051.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay be duplicates of photographs in UA 0051.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay be duplicates of photographs in UA 0051.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay be duplicates of photographs in UA 0051.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScholarship Luncheon, Strings Scholarship Presentation, Baird Luncheon, Faculty/Staff Donor Recognition Celebration, Holiday Fest\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains unreformatted media of various types (audiovisual and images) that document graduations, JMU-related television programs, interviews with alumni and faculty, and other university events and programs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAir date noted as both April 26, 1983 and April 30, 1983.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDavid Gallatin reports on the 2nd annual Valley Day that took place at JMU on Saturday, September 19, 1981. Includes coverage of the woodchopping rodeo, a tobacco spitting contest, a clogging demonstration by JMU's Folk Dance Ensemble, a bluegrass performance by Empty Pockets, local woodcarvers, and other artisans. Gallatin interviews Fred Hilton, Assistant to the Vice President of University Relations, and other local Valley Day participants.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHandwritten contents list with time stamps included in videocassette case.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDavid Gallatin reports on the 3nd annual Valley Day that took place at JMU on Saturday, September 11, 1982. Includes coverage of spinning wool, a repelling demonstration by JMU's ROTC from Eagle Hall, and a performance by J. Willie Johnson Bluegrass Band. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis episode of JMU Journal also includes interviews with Linton Townes, JMU basketball player and NBA hopeful, and Tom Watkins, JMU Alumni Director.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHandwritten contents list included in videocassette case.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHandwritten contents list included in videocassette case.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTelevised by WVPT.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLikely summer commencement\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExact content on disks is unknown but based on the labels likely contains Fred Hilton correspondence, speeches, and materials related to commencement and other events. It cannot be determined if any of the digital materials duplicate the physical materials held in this collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInterviews conducted for the \"Being the Change\" marketing campaign. Narrators include Kai Degner, Phillip Bigler, Joanne Gabbin, Tom Dingledine, and others.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExact content on disks is unknown but based on the labels likely contain Ronald Carrier correspondence and speeches, N and C drive back-ups, crisis and communication plans, FOIA correspondence, and other materials. It cannot be determined if any of the digital materials duplicate the physical materials held in this collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes 2006 and 2008 commencements, among other events.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Collection documents the varied functions and activities of James Madison University's Communications and Marketing office whose main objective is to advance the university's brand. Media relations, communications, public affairs, publicity, and brand strategy also fall under the department's portfolio. ","Records include general and sports press releases; correspondence written by and on behalf of university administration and FOIA requests; general administrative files related to marketing and branding initiatives as well as select university publications; event information including speeches that primarily concern commencement and other large/recurring events; personnel biographical files; photographs documenting inaugurations, commencements and other events; and assorted media.","The series consists of press releases created by the Office of Public Affairs (later Media Relations) and the Office of Sports Information. The press releases announce university and student related news and primarily concern major initiatives, construction projects, changes to the curriculum, budget and financials, events, and athletics.","The press releases are divided into General Press Releases and Sports Press Releases. General press releases include notices of events, changes to academic programs, construction projects, school statistics, budget and policy updates, and individual student achievements.","Sports press releases contain athletics related press releases for Madison College/James Madison University. These press releases contain notices and results of sports matches, individual student statistics and accomplishments, and season statistics.","This series documents the wide-ranging administrative functions of the university's communications, marketing, and branding departments. Materials relate to major initiatives including Madison Century, the university's centennial anniversary (including historical information to support this initiative), Greater Madison, Montpelier/Madison Magazine and its redesign, academic restructuring during the 1990s, crisis communication, and more. In addition to JMU marketing campaigns, records also document messaging and response strategies to situations and events involving to the JMU community.","Materials also concern JMU's involvement in marketing and communications professional organizations including the Council for Advancement and Support of Education (CASE), the Public Relations Council of the Shenandoah Valley, and others.","The records also include numerous proposals from communications consulting services; branding, logos, and drawings of campus buildings used for marketing purposes; various survey results; school rankings; and general facts and figures.","Includes information on Jacob M. Garber (1901-1993), early male graduate.","1. Campus Development Plan (Wright, Jones \u0026 Wilkerson - Architects), January 1980","2. Campus Development Plan (Wright, Jones \u0026 Wilkerson - Architects), November 1980","3. Untitled drawing documenting the Village dormitories, Interstate 81, and specifically updates to East Campus (Convocation Center under construction, steam lines, access roads), circa 1982","Includes Council for Advancement and Support of Education (CASE) awards.","Drawings by Shep Wright, artist and designer in publications office.","Prepared by Martin Research, Inc.","Marist, Sarah Butters","The series documents the varied events and programming hosted by James Madison University as well as events attended by university staff for the purpose of delivering an address or speech. Materials include speeches, programs, agendas, logistical information, planning documents, and select press releases. Major events include commencement, Founders Day/James Madison Day, and building dedications.","While many of the speeches were delivered by President Ronald Carrier (and at least prepared in part by Fred Hilton), other speakers are included.","Prepared by Fred Hilton","Prepared by Fred Hilton","Prepared by Fred Hilton","\"Leadership: The Catalyst for Progress\"","Prepared by Fred Hilton","The bulk of this series contains faculty, staff, coach, and administrator CVs, resumes, and biographical forms collected by the university's public information office. Folder date ranges for these materials are based approximately on the hire date that is documented on the biographical form or attached CV. This is due to the prevalence of undated forms and CVs as well as edits made to forms after they were initially completed.","A portion of the series also includes files with biographical information on Board of Visitors members.","Individuals' photographs and headshots may be included in folders and/or attached to CVs.","Includes HR information and employment records.","Includes HR information and employment records.","Correspondence, newspaper clippings, articles regarding the death of Warren during a tornado in Ohio in 1965.","Includes Board of Visitors photographs","The bulk of the series comprises correspondence and memoranda written by Fred Hilton, who held the position of director of media relations, on behalf of President Ronald Carrier and other university administrators; Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) requests and responses; and Montpelier/Madison Magazine correspondence.","Photographs and negatives document major university events including graduation ceremonies (taken by JMU as well as Chappell Graduation Images), inauguration of President Linwood Rose, Founders Day/James Madison Day, donor events, and building construction and groundbreakings. Photographs of faculty, staff, administrators, and Board of Visitors members are also represented. The series also includes photographs created and used for marketing and branding purposes.","The contents of the folders labeled \"Historic photographs\" may be duplicates of those housed in UA 0051.","May be duplicates of photographs in UA 0051.","May be duplicates of photographs in UA 0051.","May be duplicates of photographs in UA 0051.","May be duplicates of photographs in UA 0051.","Scholarship Luncheon, Strings Scholarship Presentation, Baird Luncheon, Faculty/Staff Donor Recognition Celebration, Holiday Fest","Contains unreformatted media of various types (audiovisual and images) that document graduations, JMU-related television programs, interviews with alumni and faculty, and other university events and programs.","Air date noted as both April 26, 1983 and April 30, 1983.","David Gallatin reports on the 2nd annual Valley Day that took place at JMU on Saturday, September 19, 1981. Includes coverage of the woodchopping rodeo, a tobacco spitting contest, a clogging demonstration by JMU's Folk Dance Ensemble, a bluegrass performance by Empty Pockets, local woodcarvers, and other artisans. Gallatin interviews Fred Hilton, Assistant to the Vice President of University Relations, and other local Valley Day participants.","Handwritten contents list with time stamps included in videocassette case.","David Gallatin reports on the 3nd annual Valley Day that took place at JMU on Saturday, September 11, 1982. Includes coverage of spinning wool, a repelling demonstration by JMU's ROTC from Eagle Hall, and a performance by J. Willie Johnson Bluegrass Band. ","This episode of JMU Journal also includes interviews with Linton Townes, JMU basketball player and NBA hopeful, and Tom Watkins, JMU Alumni Director.","Handwritten contents list included in videocassette case.","Handwritten contents list included in videocassette case.","Televised by WVPT.","Likely summer commencement","Exact content on disks is unknown but based on the labels likely contains Fred Hilton correspondence, speeches, and materials related to commencement and other events. It cannot be determined if any of the digital materials duplicate the physical materials held in this collection.","Interviews conducted for the \"Being the Change\" marketing campaign. Narrators include Kai Degner, Phillip Bigler, Joanne Gabbin, Tom Dingledine, and others.","Exact content on disks is unknown but based on the labels likely contain Ronald Carrier correspondence and speeches, N and C drive back-ups, crisis and communication plans, FOIA correspondence, and other materials. It cannot be determined if any of the digital materials duplicate the physical materials held in this collection.","Includes 2006 and 2008 commencements, among other events."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIssues of What's Up, Time \u0026amp; Place, and JMU Extra, weekly distributions of university event calendars and event schedules, major reports, issues of university publications, and sports media guides were separated from the collection and cataloged bibliographically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Issues of What's Up, Time \u0026 Place, and JMU Extra, weekly distributions of university event calendars and event schedules, major reports, issues of university publications, and sports media guides were separated from the collection and cataloged bibliographically."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright for materials authored or otherwise produced as official business of James Madison University is retained by James Madison University. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eStaff have taken special care to identify and remove sensitive materials, particularly those relating to students' academic records and personnel employment records, found within this collection. However, in rare instances, privacy protected information may be revealed during use of this collection. Researchers agree to make no notes or other recordation of privacy protected information if found within this collection, and further agree not to publish or disclose such information for any purpose.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFor more information, contact the Special Collections Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright for materials authored or otherwise produced as official business of James Madison University is retained by James Madison University. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user.","Staff have taken special care to identify and remove sensitive materials, particularly those relating to students' academic records and personnel employment records, found within this collection. However, in rare instances, privacy protected information may be revealed during use of this collection. Researchers agree to make no notes or other recordation of privacy protected information if found within this collection, and further agree not to publish or disclose such information for any purpose.","For more information, contact the Special Collections Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e210868c4b1e9b6c2f02c08c040f44ef\"\u003eCollection documents the varied functions and activities of James Madison University's Communications and Marketing office whose main objective is to advance the university's brand. Records include press releases, correspondence, general administrative files, event information, personnel biographical files, photographs, and assorted media.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Collection documents the varied functions and activities of James Madison University's Communications and Marketing office whose main objective is to advance the university's brand. Records include press releases, correspondence, general administrative files, event information, personnel biographical files, photographs, and assorted media."],"names_coll_ssim":["James Madison University. University Communications and Marketing","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.)","Madison College","James Madison University","James Madison University -- Sports","William, Jackameit"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","James Madison University. University Communications and Marketing","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.)","Madison College","James Madison University","James Madison University -- Sports","Chappell Graduation Images","Hilton, Fred, 1943-2022","William, Jackameit","Madison, James, 1751-1836","Ashby, Turner, 1828-1862","Acosta, Jim","Godwin, Mills E. (Mills Edwin), 1914-1999","Chandler, Wallace L. (Wallace Lee), 1926-2021","Miller, G. Tyler (George Tyler), 1902-1988","Ford, Gerald R. (Gerald Rudolph), 1913-2006","North, Oliver, 1943-","Obama, Barack","McDonnell, Robert F.","Campanelli, Lou","Driesell, Lefty, 1931-2024","Dingledine, Raymond C., Jr., 1919-1990","Jennings, Lillian Pegues, 1926-2016","Jenkins, Marie M. (Marie Magdalen), 1909-1997","Morrison, Lee (Lonnie Leotus), 1926-2015","Ramsey, Inez Linn, 1938-2025","Riley, James R. (James Rex), 1938-1987","Smith, Elmer Lewis, 1920-1981","Sonner, Ray V., Dr. (Ray Vincent), 1925-2012","Spaar, Lisa Russ (1956-03-17)","Theodore, Crystal, 1917-2012","Benson, Arthur Jerry","Bolgiano, Chris","Borg, Kevin L.","Carrier, Ronald E., 1932-2017","Cohen, Ralph, 1917-2016","Gabbin, Alexander L. (1945)","Gabbin, Joanne V. (Joanne Veal), 1946-","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","Grayson, Joann, 1948-","Hyser, Raymond M., 1955-","Ingham, William Herbert, 1947-","Kohen, Andrew I.","Leary, James J.","Matthews, Mickey","Morley-Mower, Geoffrey, 1918-2005","Rose, Linwood H. (Linwood Howard), 1951-","Torisky, Danielle","Baliles, Gerald L. (Gerald Lee) (1940-07-08-2019-10-29)","Duke, Samuel Page, 1885-1955","Robb, Charles S. (Charles Spittal) (1939-06-26)","Terry, Mary Sue","Warner, John W., 1927-","Warren, Percy H. (Percy Holmes), 1906-1965","Wilder, Lawrence Douglas, 1931-","Johnson, Deborah Tompkins","Lancaster, Dabney S. (Dabney Stewart), 1889-1975","Lee, Emily Lewis, 1922-2014","Roop, V. Inez Graybeal (Vivian Inez), 1913-2010","Showker, Zane D. (Zane Durwood), 1926-2004","Spurlock, James B., Jr., d. 2019","Taylor, James H., Jr.","Wampler, Charles W., Jr., 1915-2017","White, Helen Mugler (1903-1990)","Hope, Bob, 1903-2003","Allen, George, 1952-","Olin, Jim, 1920-2006","Holton, A. Linwood (Abner Linwood), 1923-","Adams, Patch, 1945-","Townes, Linton, 1959-"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","James Madison University. University Communications and Marketing","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.)","Madison College","James Madison University","James Madison University -- Sports","Chappell Graduation Images"],"persname_ssim":["Hilton, Fred, 1943-2022","William, Jackameit","Madison, James, 1751-1836","Ashby, Turner, 1828-1862","Acosta, Jim","Godwin, Mills E. (Mills Edwin), 1914-1999","Chandler, Wallace L. (Wallace Lee), 1926-2021","Miller, G. Tyler (George Tyler), 1902-1988","Ford, Gerald R. (Gerald Rudolph), 1913-2006","North, Oliver, 1943-","Obama, Barack","McDonnell, Robert F.","Campanelli, Lou","Driesell, Lefty, 1931-2024","Dingledine, Raymond C., Jr., 1919-1990","Jennings, Lillian Pegues, 1926-2016","Jenkins, Marie M. (Marie Magdalen), 1909-1997","Morrison, Lee (Lonnie Leotus), 1926-2015","Ramsey, Inez Linn, 1938-2025","Riley, James R. (James Rex), 1938-1987","Smith, Elmer Lewis, 1920-1981","Sonner, Ray V., Dr. (Ray Vincent), 1925-2012","Spaar, Lisa Russ (1956-03-17)","Theodore, Crystal, 1917-2012","Benson, Arthur Jerry","Bolgiano, Chris","Borg, Kevin L.","Carrier, Ronald E., 1932-2017","Cohen, Ralph, 1917-2016","Gabbin, Alexander L. (1945)","Gabbin, Joanne V. (Joanne Veal), 1946-","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","Grayson, Joann, 1948-","Hyser, Raymond M., 1955-","Ingham, William Herbert, 1947-","Kohen, Andrew I.","Leary, James J.","Matthews, Mickey","Morley-Mower, Geoffrey, 1918-2005","Rose, Linwood H. (Linwood Howard), 1951-","Torisky, Danielle","Baliles, Gerald L. (Gerald Lee) (1940-07-08-2019-10-29)","Duke, Samuel Page, 1885-1955","Robb, Charles S. (Charles Spittal) (1939-06-26)","Terry, Mary Sue","Warner, John W., 1927-","Warren, Percy H. (Percy Holmes), 1906-1965","Wilder, Lawrence Douglas, 1931-","Johnson, Deborah Tompkins","Lancaster, Dabney S. (Dabney Stewart), 1889-1975","Lee, Emily Lewis, 1922-2014","Roop, V. Inez Graybeal (Vivian Inez), 1913-2010","Showker, Zane D. (Zane Durwood), 1926-2004","Spurlock, James B., Jr., d. 2019","Taylor, James H., Jr.","Wampler, Charles W., Jr., 1915-2017","White, Helen Mugler (1903-1990)","Hope, Bob, 1903-2003","Allen, George, 1952-","Olin, Jim, 1920-2006","Holton, A. Linwood (Abner Linwood), 1923-","Adams, Patch, 1945-","Townes, Linton, 1959-"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1044,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:25:29.210Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_776_c04_c01"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_215_c04_c01","type":"Subgroup","attributes":{"title":"Rules and regulations","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_215_c04_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_215_c04_c01","ref_ssm":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_215_c04_c01"],"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_215_c04_c01","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_215","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_215","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_215_c04","parent_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_215_c04","parent_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_215","vihart_repositories_4_resources_215_c04"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_215","vihart_repositories_4_resources_215_c04"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Student Government Association records","Policies and regulations"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Student Government Association records","Policies and regulations"],"text":["Student Government Association records","Policies and regulations","Rules and regulations"],"title_filing_ssi":"Rules and regulations","title_ssm":["Rules and regulations"],"title_tesim":["Rules and regulations"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1931-1971"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1931/1971"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Rules and regulations"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"collection_ssim":["Student Government Association records"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":11,"level_ssm":["Subgroup"],"level_ssim":["Subgroup"],"sort_isi":186,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Collection is open for research with the exception of certain records in series 8, Disciplinary files, that are protected by the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA). FERPA protection of student records ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased. Individual restrictions are described in the Conditions Governing Access note for the file and may include additional information about the parameters of the restriction.","Access to original audiocassettes and other physical media contained within this collection is restricted; reformatted access copies of these materials may exist, or researchers may request digital access copies be made.","Please contact the Special Collections Reference Desk before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Copyright for materials authored or otherwise produced as official business of James Madison University is retained by James Madison University. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user. For more information, contact the Special Collections Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Staff have taken special care to identify and remove sensitive materials, particularly those relating to students' academic records, found within this collection. However, in rare instances, privacy protected information may be revealed during use of this collection. Researchers agree to make no notes or other recordation of privacy protected information if found within this collection, and further agree not to publish or disclose such information for any purpose. Researchers agree to alert Special Collections staff if potentially privacy protected information is found within this collection. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"date_range_isim":[1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971],"_nest_path_":"/components#3/components#0","timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:24:36.195Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_215","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_215","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_215","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_215","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_215.xml","title_ssm":["Student Government Association records"],"title_tesim":["Student Government Association records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1915-2024"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1915-2024"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["UA 0007","/repositories/4/resources/215"],"text":["UA 0007","/repositories/4/resources/215","Student Government Association records","College student government","College student government -- Elections","Student activities","Student activities -- Finance","Student activities -- handbooks, manuals, etc","Student activities -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","College students","School discipline","Student participation in administration","Files (digital files)","Minutes (administrative records)","Letters (correspondence)","Financial Records","Administrative records","Constitutions","Scrapbooks","Printed Ephemera","Clothing","Legislative records","Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Collection is open for research with the exception of certain records in series 8, Disciplinary files, that are protected by the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA). FERPA protection of student records ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased. Individual restrictions are described in the Conditions Governing Access note for the file and may include additional information about the parameters of the restriction.","Access to original audiocassettes and other physical media contained within this collection is restricted; reformatted access copies of these materials may exist, or researchers may request digital access copies be made.","Please contact the Special Collections Reference Desk before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection (library-special@jmu.edu).","File is restricted due to the presence of Personal Identifable Information related to students. A redacted copy of this file may be requested by contacting the Special Collections Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","This series is open for research with the exception of files within the Restricted reports sub-grouping that are protected by the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA). FERPA protection of student records ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased. Restricted files are not requestable.","Files within the this subgroup are restricted from use in compliance with the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) of 1974 that mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records within this group will be opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","This collection may receive additions.","The collection is arranged into 12 series:","Administrative, 1915-2015 Committees, 1931-2015 Correspondence, 1951-2003 Policies and Regulations, 1931-1971 Meeting Minutes, 1929-2012 Legislative Files, 1989-2012 Financial Files, 1987-2014 Disciplinary Files, 1922-1973 Photographs, 2000-2014 Scrapbooks, 2001-2009 Ephemera, 1930-2015 2024-0507 Accession, 2011-2024","Raymond Dingledine, Madison College: The First Fifty Years, 1908-1958 (Harrisonburg, Virginia: Madison College, 1959).","James Madison University's Student Government Association was established in February 1915 as the school's first student government. Although rumblings of self-government began with the founding of the school in 1908, it took a fair amount of effort to bring this idea to fruition. The roots of the university's SGA derive from the student Honor Council which began in the 1909-1910 school year. Students involved in the Honor Council began to create an unofficial student government that although unable to act in an official capacity, was instrumental in helping to bring about student support for self-government. By 1914, a small group of students worked together to draft a constitution for the planned student government organization and presented this constitution to the faculty. After completing revisions suggested by the faculty, the constitution was presented and voted on by the entire student body February 25, 1915 and as a result, the Student Association of the State Normal School at Harrisonburg was established. This first iteration of the organization required that the entire student body act as a member. Additionally, the Honor Committee was converted into the first Executive Board. This Executive Board included three officers (president, vice-president, and secretary), and several elected members of each class.","As the school and student population grew so did the organization and it eventually became unrealistic for the entire student body to act as members of the organization. Complications also arose within the organization with the introduction of full-time male students in 1946. At the time, it did not seem appropriate for men and women to govern students of the opposite sex. As a result, the male students decided to create their own self-government in 1950, labeling their organization the Men's Student Government Organization. The female students likewise formally relabeled their existing organization the Women's Student Government Association in 1953 to better distinguish the separation between the two groups; however, they rarely included this additional identifier. While the two groups worked together on many matters through the 50s and 60s, the organizations formally combine in 1970, creating the current manifestation of the Student Government Association. ","As of 2015, the SGA at JMU is made up of appointed members on the Executive Staff, Representatives, and At-Large Senators. Elected members include Class Council Senators, College Senators, and Area Residence Senators. The mission: The Student Government Association of James Madison University is an organization dedicated to collaborating with all members of its community to advocate for student opinion, while fostering a proactive, inclusive environment.","After reviewing the material in all accessions, about 2 linear feet of material was removed from one of the 2005 accessions. The material was largely financial forms that contained banking information or social security numbers. All binder and notebook material was removed from the original bindings and transferred into folders. All the pages from each of the scrapbooks were removed and photocopied. Photocopies were also made of the cover and back covers. This was done to help preserve the context of the photographs on the pages in preparation for possible adhesive failure.","Some of the material in this collection can be viewed on Special Collections' Student Government Association Digital Exhibit published on-line in April 2015. https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/specialcollections/collections/show/2","This collection documents the activities of James Madison University's Student Government Association in Harrisonburg, Virginia from 1915-2024. The collection developed from seven different accessions from the Student Government Association received in the 1990s and early 2000s and contains a wide range of material which is organized according to physical type or corresponding to subject. Much of the material in this collection derives from different meetings within the organization including: the Student Council, Student Senate, Execution Board, Senate and Council Committees, and others. A large amount of the collection is administrative material regarding the work of these different internal groups as well as the procedures which govern them. Similarly, these different internal meetings produced a fair amount of the minutes, committee reports, and legislative files found in the collection. In addition to these materials, there are also a large amount of financial files related to the budget of SGA and other on campus organizations. This collection also consists of correspondence to and from different members of the SGA usually regarding issues of student conduct on and off campus. The last major section of the collection contains photographs, scrapbooks, and ephemera memorializing different SGA events. Further descriptions of the material can be found in the series descriptions.","This is the largest series in the collection and contains material related to the function and organization of SGA, featuring a variety of documents from 1923-2013, with the bulk of this series is from 1990-2013. There is a large gap in the material around 1980s. The first folder in the series, containing the organization's first constitution and by-laws, is not original to the collection. The document was located in the 1915 Faculty Minutes in the Board of Visitors Collection, 1908-2004 (PR 99-1122), photocopied, and added to the collection on March 25, 2015. This series additionally contains some interesting material related to student strikes which took place on campus in 1969 and 1970. There is particular information related to Jay Rainey, one of the student leaders, as well as SGA's Committee on Student Protest. Other materials to note in this series are documents from the early 2000s which relate to the sexual assault research on college campuses, reports related to the impact of Title IX on campus, and SGA research regarding the Forrest Hill Riot in 2000, which resulted in a conflict between the Harrisonburg Police Department and students at a spring block party.","This series contains material related to the work of the different SGA committees from 1931-2002. There is another large gap of material in the 1980s. The bulk of this series is from the 1960s and 1999-2002. This series also includes information related to the standards of conduct for female students in the 1930s and 1960s, such as proper dating procedures.","This series features correspondence from members of SGA to faculty and students on campus as well as several folders of correspondence to individuals off campus. The material in this series ranges from 1955-1971 with a small concentration from 2003. This series contains a fair amount of historical material, such as: a thank you card from Jackie Kennedy, 1963; material related to fears of communism on college campuses, 1965-1966; a letter from an upset parent regarding Jane Fonda's visit to campus in 1971; correspondence related to the proper conduct of female students during the 1950s and 1960s, especially in terms of interactions with males. This series also contains a collection of correspondence regarding the 2003 Board of Visitors decision to stop supplying students with emergency conception through the health center.","This series contains material related to the different standards and regulations applying to the students of the school 1931-1971. Most of the material from this series is from the 1950s and 1960s. These documents provide interesting examples of the different social expectations of men and women during the period as well as the restrictive nature of the school's administration in comparison to current campus regulations. The material from the 2000s relates to the policies student representatives are to follow during meetings of the Student Senate.","This series contains the minutes of the different branches of SGA, particularly Student Senate and the Executive Board, 1922-2012. There are two gaps in this series most notably between 1930-1940 with two smaller gaps in the 1970s and 2000s. These minutes generally provide information such as: meeting agendas, events taking place on campus, SGA members and committee chairs, as well as general insight into the everyday issues discussed in SGA meetings.","This series contains a mixture of bills and resolutions from SGA's Student Senate, 1989-2012, with the bulk from the 1990s. The series contains a large amount of resolutions related to the organization's contingency fund through which SGA assists in providing funding to different student organization on campus. However, there are also several folders of various bills presented to the Student Senate including proposed legislation that address contemporary social issues such as sexual orientation, campus issues such as better toilet paper, and student issues such as students' rights to privacy.","This series contains a variety of financial documents ranging from purchase orders and yearly budget information to travel receipts. A majority of the materials in this collection are budget reports providing financial information for different fiscal years. These reports are usually connected to the creation of the university's front-end budgets and often include budget information for other campus organizations such as the University Program Board, The Breeze, Black Student Alliance, and Student Ambassadors. A majority of the material removed from this series were: purchase orders; accounting and banking information; invoices; and receipts. This material was removed due to the presence of account information and social security numbers, and/or it was deemed that the material had little research value.","This series contains records of disciplinary hearings conducted by Student Council, 1922-1973. Examples of students' misconduct include smoking cigarettes, possession of smoking paraphernalia, riding with dates without proper permission, going downtown or off campus without proper permission, cheating on assignments and/or examinations, mild hazing, stealing books, shoplifting, and drinking. Punishments included warnings, being \"campused,\" probation, and indefinite suspension.","This series features five different groups of photographs, 2000-2014. The bulk of these photographs are connected to the SGA research of the Forrest Hill Riot in 2000; however, there are also photographs of the Class of 2009 Ring Premiere, the SGA Halloween Party, JMU's Big Event, and one of SGA's lobbying trips.","This series contains material from eight different SGA scrapbooks dated 2001-2009. These scrapbooks have little descriptive text and mostly contain photographs of different SGA functions and events. These scrapbooks are some of the best representations of the SGA student experience, as the images in these book show the relationships and personalities of the individuals that comprise the organization. One of particular importance is the scrapbook containing the letters, pictures, and notes saved from the two-year anniversary memorial of 9-11. The SGA 2001-2002 scrapbook contains a photograph of SGA members with former Governor and Mayor Douglas Wilder and Senator Mark Warner.","This series contains a variety of realia related to the history of SGA, 1930-2014. There are several large gaps in this series; 1931-1954, 1970-1980, and 2002-2012. The ephemera in this collection primarily comprises shirts, posters, academic regalia, and installation programs; however, there are additional items such as an SGA travel mug and several plaques. \"Mr. and Ms. Madison 2014\" sashes are included.","Series 12 consists of materials transferred to Special Collections in May 2024 comprising digital files. One folder of paper certificates, honors, and proclamations is included. The contents of this series are similar to records present throughout the collection and include minutes, resolutions, constitutions, financial files and budgets, correspondence, member lists, bills of opinion, house rules, election policies, and photographs.","Copyright for materials authored or otherwise produced as official business of James Madison University is retained by James Madison University. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user. For more information, contact the Special Collections Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Staff have taken special care to identify and remove sensitive materials, particularly those relating to students' academic records, found within this collection. However, in rare instances, privacy protected information may be revealed during use of this collection. Researchers agree to make no notes or other recordation of privacy protected information if found within this collection, and further agree not to publish or disclose such information for any purpose. Researchers agree to alert Special Collections staff if potentially privacy protected information is found within this collection. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Student Government Association Records consist of material relating to the activities of the James Madison University's Student Government Association from its establishment as the Student Association of the State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg in 1915 until 2024.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","James Madison University. Student Government Association","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","Madison College -- Students","Madison College -- History","James Madison University -- Students","James Madison University -- History","Fonda, Jane, 1937-","English"],"unitid_tesim":["UA 0007","/repositories/4/resources/215"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Student Government Association records"],"collection_title_tesim":["Student Government Association records"],"collection_ssim":["Student Government Association records"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"creator_ssm":["James Madison University. Student Government Association","James Madison University. Student Government Association"],"creator_ssim":["James Madison University. Student Government Association","James Madison University. Student Government Association"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Madison University. Student Government Association","James Madison University. Student Government Association"],"creators_ssim":["James Madison University. Student Government Association","James Madison University. Student Government Association"],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright for materials authored or otherwise produced as official business of James Madison University is retained by James Madison University. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user. For more information, contact the Special Collections Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Staff have taken special care to identify and remove sensitive materials, particularly those relating to students' academic records, found within this collection. However, in rare instances, privacy protected information may be revealed during use of this collection. Researchers agree to make no notes or other recordation of privacy protected information if found within this collection, and further agree not to publish or disclose such information for any purpose. Researchers agree to alert Special Collections staff if potentially privacy protected information is found within this collection. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The material in this collection was donated by members of James Madison University's Student Government Association in several different accessions between 1993 and 2024. The earlier accessions (1993-2001) were previously processed and assigned archival collection numbers SGA 93-0401, SGA 93-1019, and SGA 2001-1010. These materials were reprocessed along with the later accessions and combined into one larger collection, UA 0007. Additional accessions (2015-0830, 2015-0828, and 2015-0505) were added to the collection in November 2018. On May 1, 2019, an additional 2 storage boxes were donated by SGA Communications Director, Halle Forbes. Accession 2024-0507, comprising mostly digital files and transfered by acting SGA historian Mason Hoey, was incorporated into the collection in May 2024."],"access_subjects_ssim":["College student government","College student government -- Elections","Student activities","Student activities -- Finance","Student activities -- handbooks, manuals, etc","Student activities -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","College students","School discipline","Student participation in administration","Files (digital files)","Minutes (administrative records)","Letters (correspondence)","Financial Records","Administrative records","Constitutions","Scrapbooks","Printed Ephemera","Clothing","Legislative records"],"access_subjects_ssm":["College student government","College student government -- Elections","Student activities","Student activities -- Finance","Student activities -- handbooks, manuals, etc","Student activities -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","College students","School discipline","Student participation in administration","Files (digital files)","Minutes (administrative records)","Letters (correspondence)","Financial Records","Administrative records","Constitutions","Scrapbooks","Printed Ephemera","Clothing","Legislative records"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["12.74 cubic feet 37 boxes","557 Megabytes 594 digital files"],"extent_tesim":["12.74 cubic feet 37 boxes","557 Megabytes 594 digital files"],"genreform_ssim":["Files (digital files)","Minutes (administrative records)","Letters (correspondence)","Financial Records","Administrative records","Constitutions","Scrapbooks","Printed Ephemera","Clothing","Legislative records"],"date_range_isim":[1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,2024],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Collection is open for research with the exception of certain records in series 8, Disciplinary files, that are protected by the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA). FERPA protection of student records ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased. Individual restrictions are described in the Conditions Governing Access note for the file and may include additional information about the parameters of the restriction.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAccess to original audiocassettes and other physical media contained within this collection is restricted; reformatted access copies of these materials may exist, or researchers may request digital access copies be made.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePlease contact the Special Collections Reference Desk before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFile is restricted due to the presence of Personal Identifable Information related to students. A redacted copy of this file may be requested by contacting the Special Collections Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is open for research with the exception of files within the Restricted reports sub-grouping that are protected by the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA). FERPA protection of student records ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased. Restricted files are not requestable.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFiles within the this subgroup are restricted from use in compliance with the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) of 1974 that mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records within this group will be opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFile is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFile is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFile is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFile is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFile is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFile is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFile is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFile is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFile is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFile is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFile is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFile is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFile is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFile is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFile is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFile is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFile is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFile is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFile is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFile is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFile is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Access Restrictions","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Collection is open for research with the exception of certain records in series 8, Disciplinary files, that are protected by the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA). FERPA protection of student records ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased. Individual restrictions are described in the Conditions Governing Access note for the file and may include additional information about the parameters of the restriction.","Access to original audiocassettes and other physical media contained within this collection is restricted; reformatted access copies of these materials may exist, or researchers may request digital access copies be made.","Please contact the Special Collections Reference Desk before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection (library-special@jmu.edu).","File is restricted due to the presence of Personal Identifable Information related to students. A redacted copy of this file may be requested by contacting the Special Collections Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","This series is open for research with the exception of files within the Restricted reports sub-grouping that are protected by the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA). FERPA protection of student records ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased. Restricted files are not requestable.","Files within the this subgroup are restricted from use in compliance with the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) of 1974 that mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records within this group will be opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection may receive additions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals"],"accruals_tesim":["This collection may receive additions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into 12 series:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eAdministrative, 1915-2015\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eCommittees, 1931-2015\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eCorrespondence, 1951-2003\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePolicies and Regulations, 1931-1971\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eMeeting Minutes, 1929-2012\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eLegislative Files, 1989-2012\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eFinancial Files, 1987-2014\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eDisciplinary Files, 1922-1973\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePhotographs, 2000-2014\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eScrapbooks, 2001-2009\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eEphemera, 1930-2015\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e2024-0507 Accession, 2011-2024\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into 12 series:","Administrative, 1915-2015 Committees, 1931-2015 Correspondence, 1951-2003 Policies and Regulations, 1931-1971 Meeting Minutes, 1929-2012 Legislative Files, 1989-2012 Financial Files, 1987-2014 Disciplinary Files, 1922-1973 Photographs, 2000-2014 Scrapbooks, 2001-2009 Ephemera, 1930-2015 2024-0507 Accession, 2011-2024"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eRaymond Dingledine, Madison College: The First Fifty Years, 1908-1958 (Harrisonburg, Virginia: Madison College, 1959).\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Raymond Dingledine, Madison College: The First Fifty Years, 1908-1958 (Harrisonburg, Virginia: Madison College, 1959)."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames Madison University's Student Government Association was established in February 1915 as the school's first student government. Although rumblings of self-government began with the founding of the school in 1908, it took a fair amount of effort to bring this idea to fruition. The roots of the university's SGA derive from the student Honor Council which began in the 1909-1910 school year. Students involved in the Honor Council began to create an unofficial student government that although unable to act in an official capacity, was instrumental in helping to bring about student support for self-government. By 1914, a small group of students worked together to draft a constitution for the planned student government organization and presented this constitution to the faculty. After completing revisions suggested by the faculty, the constitution was presented and voted on by the entire student body February 25, 1915 and as a result, the Student Association of the State Normal School at Harrisonburg was established. This first iteration of the organization required that the entire student body act as a member. Additionally, the Honor Committee was converted into the first Executive Board. This Executive Board included three officers (president, vice-president, and secretary), and several elected members of each class.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAs the school and student population grew so did the organization and it eventually became unrealistic for the entire student body to act as members of the organization. Complications also arose within the organization with the introduction of full-time male students in 1946. At the time, it did not seem appropriate for men and women to govern students of the opposite sex. As a result, the male students decided to create their own self-government in 1950, labeling their organization the Men's Student Government Organization. The female students likewise formally relabeled their existing organization the Women's Student Government Association in 1953 to better distinguish the separation between the two groups; however, they rarely included this additional identifier. While the two groups worked together on many matters through the 50s and 60s, the organizations formally combine in 1970, creating the current manifestation of the Student Government Association. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAs of 2015, the SGA at JMU is made up of appointed members on the Executive Staff, Representatives, and At-Large Senators. Elected members include Class Council Senators, College Senators, and Area Residence Senators. The mission: The Student Government Association of James Madison University is an organization dedicated to collaborating with all members of its community to advocate for student opinion, while fostering a proactive, inclusive environment.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Administrative History"],"bioghist_tesim":["James Madison University's Student Government Association was established in February 1915 as the school's first student government. Although rumblings of self-government began with the founding of the school in 1908, it took a fair amount of effort to bring this idea to fruition. The roots of the university's SGA derive from the student Honor Council which began in the 1909-1910 school year. Students involved in the Honor Council began to create an unofficial student government that although unable to act in an official capacity, was instrumental in helping to bring about student support for self-government. By 1914, a small group of students worked together to draft a constitution for the planned student government organization and presented this constitution to the faculty. After completing revisions suggested by the faculty, the constitution was presented and voted on by the entire student body February 25, 1915 and as a result, the Student Association of the State Normal School at Harrisonburg was established. This first iteration of the organization required that the entire student body act as a member. Additionally, the Honor Committee was converted into the first Executive Board. This Executive Board included three officers (president, vice-president, and secretary), and several elected members of each class.","As the school and student population grew so did the organization and it eventually became unrealistic for the entire student body to act as members of the organization. Complications also arose within the organization with the introduction of full-time male students in 1946. At the time, it did not seem appropriate for men and women to govern students of the opposite sex. As a result, the male students decided to create their own self-government in 1950, labeling their organization the Men's Student Government Organization. The female students likewise formally relabeled their existing organization the Women's Student Government Association in 1953 to better distinguish the separation between the two groups; however, they rarely included this additional identifier. While the two groups worked together on many matters through the 50s and 60s, the organizations formally combine in 1970, creating the current manifestation of the Student Government Association. ","As of 2015, the SGA at JMU is made up of appointed members on the Executive Staff, Representatives, and At-Large Senators. Elected members include Class Council Senators, College Senators, and Area Residence Senators. The mission: The Student Government Association of James Madison University is an organization dedicated to collaborating with all members of its community to advocate for student opinion, while fostering a proactive, inclusive environment."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Student Government Association Records, 1915-2024, UA 0007, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Student Government Association Records, 1915-2024, UA 0007, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAfter reviewing the material in all accessions, about 2 linear feet of material was removed from one of the 2005 accessions. The material was largely financial forms that contained banking information or social security numbers. All binder and notebook material was removed from the original bindings and transferred into folders. All the pages from each of the scrapbooks were removed and photocopied. Photocopies were also made of the cover and back covers. This was done to help preserve the context of the photographs on the pages in preparation for possible adhesive failure.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["After reviewing the material in all accessions, about 2 linear feet of material was removed from one of the 2005 accessions. The material was largely financial forms that contained banking information or social security numbers. All binder and notebook material was removed from the original bindings and transferred into folders. All the pages from each of the scrapbooks were removed and photocopied. Photocopies were also made of the cover and back covers. This was done to help preserve the context of the photographs on the pages in preparation for possible adhesive failure."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSome of the material in this collection can be viewed on Special Collections' Student Government Association Digital Exhibit published on-line in April 2015. https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/specialcollections/collections/show/2\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Some of the material in this collection can be viewed on Special Collections' Student Government Association Digital Exhibit published on-line in April 2015. https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/specialcollections/collections/show/2"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection documents the activities of James Madison University's Student Government Association in Harrisonburg, Virginia from 1915-2024. The collection developed from seven different accessions from the Student Government Association received in the 1990s and early 2000s and contains a wide range of material which is organized according to physical type or corresponding to subject. Much of the material in this collection derives from different meetings within the organization including: the Student Council, Student Senate, Execution Board, Senate and Council Committees, and others. A large amount of the collection is administrative material regarding the work of these different internal groups as well as the procedures which govern them. Similarly, these different internal meetings produced a fair amount of the minutes, committee reports, and legislative files found in the collection. In addition to these materials, there are also a large amount of financial files related to the budget of SGA and other on campus organizations. This collection also consists of correspondence to and from different members of the SGA usually regarding issues of student conduct on and off campus. The last major section of the collection contains photographs, scrapbooks, and ephemera memorializing different SGA events. Further descriptions of the material can be found in the series descriptions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis is the largest series in the collection and contains material related to the function and organization of SGA, featuring a variety of documents from 1923-2013, with the bulk of this series is from 1990-2013. There is a large gap in the material around 1980s. The first folder in the series, containing the organization's first constitution and by-laws, is not original to the collection. The document was located in the 1915 Faculty Minutes in the Board of Visitors Collection, 1908-2004 (PR 99-1122), photocopied, and added to the collection on March 25, 2015. This series additionally contains some interesting material related to student strikes which took place on campus in 1969 and 1970. There is particular information related to Jay Rainey, one of the student leaders, as well as SGA's Committee on Student Protest. Other materials to note in this series are documents from the early 2000s which relate to the sexual assault research on college campuses, reports related to the impact of Title IX on campus, and SGA research regarding the Forrest Hill Riot in 2000, which resulted in a conflict between the Harrisonburg Police Department and students at a spring block party.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains material related to the work of the different SGA committees from 1931-2002. There is another large gap of material in the 1980s. The bulk of this series is from the 1960s and 1999-2002. This series also includes information related to the standards of conduct for female students in the 1930s and 1960s, such as proper dating procedures.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series features correspondence from members of SGA to faculty and students on campus as well as several folders of correspondence to individuals off campus. The material in this series ranges from 1955-1971 with a small concentration from 2003. This series contains a fair amount of historical material, such as: a thank you card from Jackie Kennedy, 1963; material related to fears of communism on college campuses, 1965-1966; a letter from an upset parent regarding Jane Fonda's visit to campus in 1971; correspondence related to the proper conduct of female students during the 1950s and 1960s, especially in terms of interactions with males. This series also contains a collection of correspondence regarding the 2003 Board of Visitors decision to stop supplying students with emergency conception through the health center.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains material related to the different standards and regulations applying to the students of the school 1931-1971. Most of the material from this series is from the 1950s and 1960s. These documents provide interesting examples of the different social expectations of men and women during the period as well as the restrictive nature of the school's administration in comparison to current campus regulations. The material from the 2000s relates to the policies student representatives are to follow during meetings of the Student Senate.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains the minutes of the different branches of SGA, particularly Student Senate and the Executive Board, 1922-2012. There are two gaps in this series most notably between 1930-1940 with two smaller gaps in the 1970s and 2000s. These minutes generally provide information such as: meeting agendas, events taking place on campus, SGA members and committee chairs, as well as general insight into the everyday issues discussed in SGA meetings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains a mixture of bills and resolutions from SGA's Student Senate, 1989-2012, with the bulk from the 1990s. The series contains a large amount of resolutions related to the organization's contingency fund through which SGA assists in providing funding to different student organization on campus. However, there are also several folders of various bills presented to the Student Senate including proposed legislation that address contemporary social issues such as sexual orientation, campus issues such as better toilet paper, and student issues such as students' rights to privacy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains a variety of financial documents ranging from purchase orders and yearly budget information to travel receipts. A majority of the materials in this collection are budget reports providing financial information for different fiscal years. These reports are usually connected to the creation of the university's front-end budgets and often include budget information for other campus organizations such as the University Program Board, The Breeze, Black Student Alliance, and Student Ambassadors. A majority of the material removed from this series were: purchase orders; accounting and banking information; invoices; and receipts. This material was removed due to the presence of account information and social security numbers, and/or it was deemed that the material had little research value.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains records of disciplinary hearings conducted by Student Council, 1922-1973. Examples of students' misconduct include smoking cigarettes, possession of smoking paraphernalia, riding with dates without proper permission, going downtown or off campus without proper permission, cheating on assignments and/or examinations, mild hazing, stealing books, shoplifting, and drinking. Punishments included warnings, being \"campused,\" probation, and indefinite suspension.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series features five different groups of photographs, 2000-2014. The bulk of these photographs are connected to the SGA research of the Forrest Hill Riot in 2000; however, there are also photographs of the Class of 2009 Ring Premiere, the SGA Halloween Party, JMU's Big Event, and one of SGA's lobbying trips.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains material from eight different SGA scrapbooks dated 2001-2009. These scrapbooks have little descriptive text and mostly contain photographs of different SGA functions and events. These scrapbooks are some of the best representations of the SGA student experience, as the images in these book show the relationships and personalities of the individuals that comprise the organization. One of particular importance is the scrapbook containing the letters, pictures, and notes saved from the two-year anniversary memorial of 9-11. The SGA 2001-2002 scrapbook contains a photograph of SGA members with former Governor and Mayor Douglas Wilder and Senator Mark Warner.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains a variety of realia related to the history of SGA, 1930-2014. There are several large gaps in this series; 1931-1954, 1970-1980, and 2002-2012. The ephemera in this collection primarily comprises shirts, posters, academic regalia, and installation programs; however, there are additional items such as an SGA travel mug and several plaques. \"Mr. and Ms. Madison 2014\" sashes are included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 12 consists of materials transferred to Special Collections in May 2024 comprising digital files. One folder of paper certificates, honors, and proclamations is included. The contents of this series are similar to records present throughout the collection and include minutes, resolutions, constitutions, financial files and budgets, correspondence, member lists, bills of opinion, house rules, election policies, and photographs.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection documents the activities of James Madison University's Student Government Association in Harrisonburg, Virginia from 1915-2024. The collection developed from seven different accessions from the Student Government Association received in the 1990s and early 2000s and contains a wide range of material which is organized according to physical type or corresponding to subject. Much of the material in this collection derives from different meetings within the organization including: the Student Council, Student Senate, Execution Board, Senate and Council Committees, and others. A large amount of the collection is administrative material regarding the work of these different internal groups as well as the procedures which govern them. Similarly, these different internal meetings produced a fair amount of the minutes, committee reports, and legislative files found in the collection. In addition to these materials, there are also a large amount of financial files related to the budget of SGA and other on campus organizations. This collection also consists of correspondence to and from different members of the SGA usually regarding issues of student conduct on and off campus. The last major section of the collection contains photographs, scrapbooks, and ephemera memorializing different SGA events. Further descriptions of the material can be found in the series descriptions.","This is the largest series in the collection and contains material related to the function and organization of SGA, featuring a variety of documents from 1923-2013, with the bulk of this series is from 1990-2013. There is a large gap in the material around 1980s. The first folder in the series, containing the organization's first constitution and by-laws, is not original to the collection. The document was located in the 1915 Faculty Minutes in the Board of Visitors Collection, 1908-2004 (PR 99-1122), photocopied, and added to the collection on March 25, 2015. This series additionally contains some interesting material related to student strikes which took place on campus in 1969 and 1970. There is particular information related to Jay Rainey, one of the student leaders, as well as SGA's Committee on Student Protest. Other materials to note in this series are documents from the early 2000s which relate to the sexual assault research on college campuses, reports related to the impact of Title IX on campus, and SGA research regarding the Forrest Hill Riot in 2000, which resulted in a conflict between the Harrisonburg Police Department and students at a spring block party.","This series contains material related to the work of the different SGA committees from 1931-2002. There is another large gap of material in the 1980s. The bulk of this series is from the 1960s and 1999-2002. This series also includes information related to the standards of conduct for female students in the 1930s and 1960s, such as proper dating procedures.","This series features correspondence from members of SGA to faculty and students on campus as well as several folders of correspondence to individuals off campus. The material in this series ranges from 1955-1971 with a small concentration from 2003. This series contains a fair amount of historical material, such as: a thank you card from Jackie Kennedy, 1963; material related to fears of communism on college campuses, 1965-1966; a letter from an upset parent regarding Jane Fonda's visit to campus in 1971; correspondence related to the proper conduct of female students during the 1950s and 1960s, especially in terms of interactions with males. This series also contains a collection of correspondence regarding the 2003 Board of Visitors decision to stop supplying students with emergency conception through the health center.","This series contains material related to the different standards and regulations applying to the students of the school 1931-1971. Most of the material from this series is from the 1950s and 1960s. These documents provide interesting examples of the different social expectations of men and women during the period as well as the restrictive nature of the school's administration in comparison to current campus regulations. The material from the 2000s relates to the policies student representatives are to follow during meetings of the Student Senate.","This series contains the minutes of the different branches of SGA, particularly Student Senate and the Executive Board, 1922-2012. There are two gaps in this series most notably between 1930-1940 with two smaller gaps in the 1970s and 2000s. These minutes generally provide information such as: meeting agendas, events taking place on campus, SGA members and committee chairs, as well as general insight into the everyday issues discussed in SGA meetings.","This series contains a mixture of bills and resolutions from SGA's Student Senate, 1989-2012, with the bulk from the 1990s. The series contains a large amount of resolutions related to the organization's contingency fund through which SGA assists in providing funding to different student organization on campus. However, there are also several folders of various bills presented to the Student Senate including proposed legislation that address contemporary social issues such as sexual orientation, campus issues such as better toilet paper, and student issues such as students' rights to privacy.","This series contains a variety of financial documents ranging from purchase orders and yearly budget information to travel receipts. A majority of the materials in this collection are budget reports providing financial information for different fiscal years. These reports are usually connected to the creation of the university's front-end budgets and often include budget information for other campus organizations such as the University Program Board, The Breeze, Black Student Alliance, and Student Ambassadors. A majority of the material removed from this series were: purchase orders; accounting and banking information; invoices; and receipts. This material was removed due to the presence of account information and social security numbers, and/or it was deemed that the material had little research value.","This series contains records of disciplinary hearings conducted by Student Council, 1922-1973. Examples of students' misconduct include smoking cigarettes, possession of smoking paraphernalia, riding with dates without proper permission, going downtown or off campus without proper permission, cheating on assignments and/or examinations, mild hazing, stealing books, shoplifting, and drinking. Punishments included warnings, being \"campused,\" probation, and indefinite suspension.","This series features five different groups of photographs, 2000-2014. The bulk of these photographs are connected to the SGA research of the Forrest Hill Riot in 2000; however, there are also photographs of the Class of 2009 Ring Premiere, the SGA Halloween Party, JMU's Big Event, and one of SGA's lobbying trips.","This series contains material from eight different SGA scrapbooks dated 2001-2009. These scrapbooks have little descriptive text and mostly contain photographs of different SGA functions and events. These scrapbooks are some of the best representations of the SGA student experience, as the images in these book show the relationships and personalities of the individuals that comprise the organization. One of particular importance is the scrapbook containing the letters, pictures, and notes saved from the two-year anniversary memorial of 9-11. The SGA 2001-2002 scrapbook contains a photograph of SGA members with former Governor and Mayor Douglas Wilder and Senator Mark Warner.","This series contains a variety of realia related to the history of SGA, 1930-2014. There are several large gaps in this series; 1931-1954, 1970-1980, and 2002-2012. The ephemera in this collection primarily comprises shirts, posters, academic regalia, and installation programs; however, there are additional items such as an SGA travel mug and several plaques. \"Mr. and Ms. Madison 2014\" sashes are included.","Series 12 consists of materials transferred to Special Collections in May 2024 comprising digital files. One folder of paper certificates, honors, and proclamations is included. The contents of this series are similar to records present throughout the collection and include minutes, resolutions, constitutions, financial files and budgets, correspondence, member lists, bills of opinion, house rules, election policies, and photographs."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright for materials authored or otherwise produced as official business of James Madison University is retained by James Madison University. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user. For more information, contact the Special Collections Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eStaff have taken special care to identify and remove sensitive materials, particularly those relating to students' academic records, found within this collection. However, in rare instances, privacy protected information may be revealed during use of this collection. Researchers agree to make no notes or other recordation of privacy protected information if found within this collection, and further agree not to publish or disclose such information for any purpose. Researchers agree to alert Special Collections staff if potentially privacy protected information is found within this collection. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright for materials authored or otherwise produced as official business of James Madison University is retained by James Madison University. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user. For more information, contact the Special Collections Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Staff have taken special care to identify and remove sensitive materials, particularly those relating to students' academic records, found within this collection. However, in rare instances, privacy protected information may be revealed during use of this collection. Researchers agree to make no notes or other recordation of privacy protected information if found within this collection, and further agree not to publish or disclose such information for any purpose. Researchers agree to alert Special Collections staff if potentially privacy protected information is found within this collection. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_0da7b229c8c3f306c4ddb8f74a4cfc1a\"\u003eThe Student Government Association Records consist of material relating to the activities of the James Madison University's Student Government Association from its establishment as the Student Association of the State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg in 1915 until 2024.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Student Government Association Records consist of material relating to the activities of the James Madison University's Student Government Association from its establishment as the Student Association of the State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg in 1915 until 2024."],"names_coll_ssim":["James Madison University. Student Government Association","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","Madison College -- Students","Madison College -- History","James Madison University -- Students","James Madison University -- History"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","James Madison University. Student Government Association","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","Madison College -- Students","Madison College -- History","James Madison University -- Students","James Madison University -- History","Fonda, Jane, 1937-"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","James Madison University. Student Government Association","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","Madison College -- Students","Madison College -- History","James Madison University -- Students","James Madison University -- History"],"persname_ssim":["Fonda, Jane, 1937-"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":471,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:24:36.195Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_215_c04_c01"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_215_c05_c01","type":"Subgroup","attributes":{"title":"SGA minutes","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_215_c05_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_215_c05_c01","ref_ssm":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_215_c05_c01"],"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_215_c05_c01","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_215","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_215","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_215_c05","parent_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_215_c05","parent_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_215","vihart_repositories_4_resources_215_c05"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_215","vihart_repositories_4_resources_215_c05"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Student Government Association records","Meeting minutes"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Student Government Association records","Meeting minutes"],"text":["Student Government Association records","Meeting minutes","SGA minutes"],"title_filing_ssi":"SGA minutes","title_ssm":["SGA minutes"],"title_tesim":["SGA minutes"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1929-1998"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1929/1998"],"normalized_title_ssm":["SGA minutes"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"collection_ssim":["Student Government Association records"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":30,"level_ssm":["Subgroup"],"level_ssim":["Subgroup"],"sort_isi":201,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Collection is open for research with the exception of certain records in series 8, Disciplinary files, that are protected by the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA). FERPA protection of student records ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased. Individual restrictions are described in the Conditions Governing Access note for the file and may include additional information about the parameters of the restriction.","Access to original audiocassettes and other physical media contained within this collection is restricted; reformatted access copies of these materials may exist, or researchers may request digital access copies be made.","Please contact the Special Collections Reference Desk before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Copyright for materials authored or otherwise produced as official business of James Madison University is retained by James Madison University. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user. For more information, contact the Special Collections Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Staff have taken special care to identify and remove sensitive materials, particularly those relating to students' academic records, found within this collection. However, in rare instances, privacy protected information may be revealed during use of this collection. Researchers agree to make no notes or other recordation of privacy protected information if found within this collection, and further agree not to publish or disclose such information for any purpose. Researchers agree to alert Special Collections staff if potentially privacy protected information is found within this collection. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"date_range_isim":[1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998],"_nest_path_":"/components#4/components#0","timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:24:36.195Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_215","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_215","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_215","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_215","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_215.xml","title_ssm":["Student Government Association records"],"title_tesim":["Student Government Association records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1915-2024"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1915-2024"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["UA 0007","/repositories/4/resources/215"],"text":["UA 0007","/repositories/4/resources/215","Student Government Association records","College student government","College student government -- Elections","Student activities","Student activities -- Finance","Student activities -- handbooks, manuals, etc","Student activities -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","College students","School discipline","Student participation in administration","Files (digital files)","Minutes (administrative records)","Letters (correspondence)","Financial Records","Administrative records","Constitutions","Scrapbooks","Printed Ephemera","Clothing","Legislative records","Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Collection is open for research with the exception of certain records in series 8, Disciplinary files, that are protected by the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA). FERPA protection of student records ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased. Individual restrictions are described in the Conditions Governing Access note for the file and may include additional information about the parameters of the restriction.","Access to original audiocassettes and other physical media contained within this collection is restricted; reformatted access copies of these materials may exist, or researchers may request digital access copies be made.","Please contact the Special Collections Reference Desk before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection (library-special@jmu.edu).","File is restricted due to the presence of Personal Identifable Information related to students. A redacted copy of this file may be requested by contacting the Special Collections Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","This series is open for research with the exception of files within the Restricted reports sub-grouping that are protected by the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA). FERPA protection of student records ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased. Restricted files are not requestable.","Files within the this subgroup are restricted from use in compliance with the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) of 1974 that mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records within this group will be opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","This collection may receive additions.","The collection is arranged into 12 series:","Administrative, 1915-2015 Committees, 1931-2015 Correspondence, 1951-2003 Policies and Regulations, 1931-1971 Meeting Minutes, 1929-2012 Legislative Files, 1989-2012 Financial Files, 1987-2014 Disciplinary Files, 1922-1973 Photographs, 2000-2014 Scrapbooks, 2001-2009 Ephemera, 1930-2015 2024-0507 Accession, 2011-2024","Raymond Dingledine, Madison College: The First Fifty Years, 1908-1958 (Harrisonburg, Virginia: Madison College, 1959).","James Madison University's Student Government Association was established in February 1915 as the school's first student government. Although rumblings of self-government began with the founding of the school in 1908, it took a fair amount of effort to bring this idea to fruition. The roots of the university's SGA derive from the student Honor Council which began in the 1909-1910 school year. Students involved in the Honor Council began to create an unofficial student government that although unable to act in an official capacity, was instrumental in helping to bring about student support for self-government. By 1914, a small group of students worked together to draft a constitution for the planned student government organization and presented this constitution to the faculty. After completing revisions suggested by the faculty, the constitution was presented and voted on by the entire student body February 25, 1915 and as a result, the Student Association of the State Normal School at Harrisonburg was established. This first iteration of the organization required that the entire student body act as a member. Additionally, the Honor Committee was converted into the first Executive Board. This Executive Board included three officers (president, vice-president, and secretary), and several elected members of each class.","As the school and student population grew so did the organization and it eventually became unrealistic for the entire student body to act as members of the organization. Complications also arose within the organization with the introduction of full-time male students in 1946. At the time, it did not seem appropriate for men and women to govern students of the opposite sex. As a result, the male students decided to create their own self-government in 1950, labeling their organization the Men's Student Government Organization. The female students likewise formally relabeled their existing organization the Women's Student Government Association in 1953 to better distinguish the separation between the two groups; however, they rarely included this additional identifier. While the two groups worked together on many matters through the 50s and 60s, the organizations formally combine in 1970, creating the current manifestation of the Student Government Association. ","As of 2015, the SGA at JMU is made up of appointed members on the Executive Staff, Representatives, and At-Large Senators. Elected members include Class Council Senators, College Senators, and Area Residence Senators. The mission: The Student Government Association of James Madison University is an organization dedicated to collaborating with all members of its community to advocate for student opinion, while fostering a proactive, inclusive environment.","After reviewing the material in all accessions, about 2 linear feet of material was removed from one of the 2005 accessions. The material was largely financial forms that contained banking information or social security numbers. All binder and notebook material was removed from the original bindings and transferred into folders. All the pages from each of the scrapbooks were removed and photocopied. Photocopies were also made of the cover and back covers. This was done to help preserve the context of the photographs on the pages in preparation for possible adhesive failure.","Some of the material in this collection can be viewed on Special Collections' Student Government Association Digital Exhibit published on-line in April 2015. https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/specialcollections/collections/show/2","This collection documents the activities of James Madison University's Student Government Association in Harrisonburg, Virginia from 1915-2024. The collection developed from seven different accessions from the Student Government Association received in the 1990s and early 2000s and contains a wide range of material which is organized according to physical type or corresponding to subject. Much of the material in this collection derives from different meetings within the organization including: the Student Council, Student Senate, Execution Board, Senate and Council Committees, and others. A large amount of the collection is administrative material regarding the work of these different internal groups as well as the procedures which govern them. Similarly, these different internal meetings produced a fair amount of the minutes, committee reports, and legislative files found in the collection. In addition to these materials, there are also a large amount of financial files related to the budget of SGA and other on campus organizations. This collection also consists of correspondence to and from different members of the SGA usually regarding issues of student conduct on and off campus. The last major section of the collection contains photographs, scrapbooks, and ephemera memorializing different SGA events. Further descriptions of the material can be found in the series descriptions.","This is the largest series in the collection and contains material related to the function and organization of SGA, featuring a variety of documents from 1923-2013, with the bulk of this series is from 1990-2013. There is a large gap in the material around 1980s. The first folder in the series, containing the organization's first constitution and by-laws, is not original to the collection. The document was located in the 1915 Faculty Minutes in the Board of Visitors Collection, 1908-2004 (PR 99-1122), photocopied, and added to the collection on March 25, 2015. This series additionally contains some interesting material related to student strikes which took place on campus in 1969 and 1970. There is particular information related to Jay Rainey, one of the student leaders, as well as SGA's Committee on Student Protest. Other materials to note in this series are documents from the early 2000s which relate to the sexual assault research on college campuses, reports related to the impact of Title IX on campus, and SGA research regarding the Forrest Hill Riot in 2000, which resulted in a conflict between the Harrisonburg Police Department and students at a spring block party.","This series contains material related to the work of the different SGA committees from 1931-2002. There is another large gap of material in the 1980s. The bulk of this series is from the 1960s and 1999-2002. This series also includes information related to the standards of conduct for female students in the 1930s and 1960s, such as proper dating procedures.","This series features correspondence from members of SGA to faculty and students on campus as well as several folders of correspondence to individuals off campus. The material in this series ranges from 1955-1971 with a small concentration from 2003. This series contains a fair amount of historical material, such as: a thank you card from Jackie Kennedy, 1963; material related to fears of communism on college campuses, 1965-1966; a letter from an upset parent regarding Jane Fonda's visit to campus in 1971; correspondence related to the proper conduct of female students during the 1950s and 1960s, especially in terms of interactions with males. This series also contains a collection of correspondence regarding the 2003 Board of Visitors decision to stop supplying students with emergency conception through the health center.","This series contains material related to the different standards and regulations applying to the students of the school 1931-1971. Most of the material from this series is from the 1950s and 1960s. These documents provide interesting examples of the different social expectations of men and women during the period as well as the restrictive nature of the school's administration in comparison to current campus regulations. The material from the 2000s relates to the policies student representatives are to follow during meetings of the Student Senate.","This series contains the minutes of the different branches of SGA, particularly Student Senate and the Executive Board, 1922-2012. There are two gaps in this series most notably between 1930-1940 with two smaller gaps in the 1970s and 2000s. These minutes generally provide information such as: meeting agendas, events taking place on campus, SGA members and committee chairs, as well as general insight into the everyday issues discussed in SGA meetings.","This series contains a mixture of bills and resolutions from SGA's Student Senate, 1989-2012, with the bulk from the 1990s. The series contains a large amount of resolutions related to the organization's contingency fund through which SGA assists in providing funding to different student organization on campus. However, there are also several folders of various bills presented to the Student Senate including proposed legislation that address contemporary social issues such as sexual orientation, campus issues such as better toilet paper, and student issues such as students' rights to privacy.","This series contains a variety of financial documents ranging from purchase orders and yearly budget information to travel receipts. A majority of the materials in this collection are budget reports providing financial information for different fiscal years. These reports are usually connected to the creation of the university's front-end budgets and often include budget information for other campus organizations such as the University Program Board, The Breeze, Black Student Alliance, and Student Ambassadors. A majority of the material removed from this series were: purchase orders; accounting and banking information; invoices; and receipts. This material was removed due to the presence of account information and social security numbers, and/or it was deemed that the material had little research value.","This series contains records of disciplinary hearings conducted by Student Council, 1922-1973. Examples of students' misconduct include smoking cigarettes, possession of smoking paraphernalia, riding with dates without proper permission, going downtown or off campus without proper permission, cheating on assignments and/or examinations, mild hazing, stealing books, shoplifting, and drinking. Punishments included warnings, being \"campused,\" probation, and indefinite suspension.","This series features five different groups of photographs, 2000-2014. The bulk of these photographs are connected to the SGA research of the Forrest Hill Riot in 2000; however, there are also photographs of the Class of 2009 Ring Premiere, the SGA Halloween Party, JMU's Big Event, and one of SGA's lobbying trips.","This series contains material from eight different SGA scrapbooks dated 2001-2009. These scrapbooks have little descriptive text and mostly contain photographs of different SGA functions and events. These scrapbooks are some of the best representations of the SGA student experience, as the images in these book show the relationships and personalities of the individuals that comprise the organization. One of particular importance is the scrapbook containing the letters, pictures, and notes saved from the two-year anniversary memorial of 9-11. The SGA 2001-2002 scrapbook contains a photograph of SGA members with former Governor and Mayor Douglas Wilder and Senator Mark Warner.","This series contains a variety of realia related to the history of SGA, 1930-2014. There are several large gaps in this series; 1931-1954, 1970-1980, and 2002-2012. The ephemera in this collection primarily comprises shirts, posters, academic regalia, and installation programs; however, there are additional items such as an SGA travel mug and several plaques. \"Mr. and Ms. Madison 2014\" sashes are included.","Series 12 consists of materials transferred to Special Collections in May 2024 comprising digital files. One folder of paper certificates, honors, and proclamations is included. The contents of this series are similar to records present throughout the collection and include minutes, resolutions, constitutions, financial files and budgets, correspondence, member lists, bills of opinion, house rules, election policies, and photographs.","Copyright for materials authored or otherwise produced as official business of James Madison University is retained by James Madison University. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user. For more information, contact the Special Collections Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Staff have taken special care to identify and remove sensitive materials, particularly those relating to students' academic records, found within this collection. However, in rare instances, privacy protected information may be revealed during use of this collection. Researchers agree to make no notes or other recordation of privacy protected information if found within this collection, and further agree not to publish or disclose such information for any purpose. Researchers agree to alert Special Collections staff if potentially privacy protected information is found within this collection. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Student Government Association Records consist of material relating to the activities of the James Madison University's Student Government Association from its establishment as the Student Association of the State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg in 1915 until 2024.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","James Madison University. Student Government Association","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","Madison College -- Students","Madison College -- History","James Madison University -- Students","James Madison University -- History","Fonda, Jane, 1937-","English"],"unitid_tesim":["UA 0007","/repositories/4/resources/215"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Student Government Association records"],"collection_title_tesim":["Student Government Association records"],"collection_ssim":["Student Government Association records"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"creator_ssm":["James Madison University. Student Government Association","James Madison University. Student Government Association"],"creator_ssim":["James Madison University. Student Government Association","James Madison University. Student Government Association"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Madison University. Student Government Association","James Madison University. Student Government Association"],"creators_ssim":["James Madison University. Student Government Association","James Madison University. Student Government Association"],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright for materials authored or otherwise produced as official business of James Madison University is retained by James Madison University. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user. For more information, contact the Special Collections Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Staff have taken special care to identify and remove sensitive materials, particularly those relating to students' academic records, found within this collection. However, in rare instances, privacy protected information may be revealed during use of this collection. Researchers agree to make no notes or other recordation of privacy protected information if found within this collection, and further agree not to publish or disclose such information for any purpose. Researchers agree to alert Special Collections staff if potentially privacy protected information is found within this collection. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The material in this collection was donated by members of James Madison University's Student Government Association in several different accessions between 1993 and 2024. The earlier accessions (1993-2001) were previously processed and assigned archival collection numbers SGA 93-0401, SGA 93-1019, and SGA 2001-1010. These materials were reprocessed along with the later accessions and combined into one larger collection, UA 0007. Additional accessions (2015-0830, 2015-0828, and 2015-0505) were added to the collection in November 2018. On May 1, 2019, an additional 2 storage boxes were donated by SGA Communications Director, Halle Forbes. Accession 2024-0507, comprising mostly digital files and transfered by acting SGA historian Mason Hoey, was incorporated into the collection in May 2024."],"access_subjects_ssim":["College student government","College student government -- Elections","Student activities","Student activities -- Finance","Student activities -- handbooks, manuals, etc","Student activities -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","College students","School discipline","Student participation in administration","Files (digital files)","Minutes (administrative records)","Letters (correspondence)","Financial Records","Administrative records","Constitutions","Scrapbooks","Printed Ephemera","Clothing","Legislative records"],"access_subjects_ssm":["College student government","College student government -- Elections","Student activities","Student activities -- Finance","Student activities -- handbooks, manuals, etc","Student activities -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","College students","School discipline","Student participation in administration","Files (digital files)","Minutes (administrative records)","Letters (correspondence)","Financial Records","Administrative records","Constitutions","Scrapbooks","Printed Ephemera","Clothing","Legislative records"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["12.74 cubic feet 37 boxes","557 Megabytes 594 digital files"],"extent_tesim":["12.74 cubic feet 37 boxes","557 Megabytes 594 digital files"],"genreform_ssim":["Files (digital files)","Minutes (administrative records)","Letters (correspondence)","Financial Records","Administrative records","Constitutions","Scrapbooks","Printed Ephemera","Clothing","Legislative records"],"date_range_isim":[1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,2024],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Collection is open for research with the exception of certain records in series 8, Disciplinary files, that are protected by the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA). FERPA protection of student records ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased. Individual restrictions are described in the Conditions Governing Access note for the file and may include additional information about the parameters of the restriction.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAccess to original audiocassettes and other physical media contained within this collection is restricted; reformatted access copies of these materials may exist, or researchers may request digital access copies be made.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePlease contact the Special Collections Reference Desk before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFile is restricted due to the presence of Personal Identifable Information related to students. A redacted copy of this file may be requested by contacting the Special Collections Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is open for research with the exception of files within the Restricted reports sub-grouping that are protected by the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA). FERPA protection of student records ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased. Restricted files are not requestable.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFiles within the this subgroup are restricted from use in compliance with the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) of 1974 that mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records within this group will be opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFile is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFile is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFile is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFile is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFile is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFile is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFile is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFile is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFile is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFile is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFile is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFile is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFile is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFile is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFile is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFile is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFile is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFile is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFile is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFile is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFile is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Access Restrictions","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Collection is open for research with the exception of certain records in series 8, Disciplinary files, that are protected by the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA). FERPA protection of student records ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased. Individual restrictions are described in the Conditions Governing Access note for the file and may include additional information about the parameters of the restriction.","Access to original audiocassettes and other physical media contained within this collection is restricted; reformatted access copies of these materials may exist, or researchers may request digital access copies be made.","Please contact the Special Collections Reference Desk before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection (library-special@jmu.edu).","File is restricted due to the presence of Personal Identifable Information related to students. A redacted copy of this file may be requested by contacting the Special Collections Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","This series is open for research with the exception of files within the Restricted reports sub-grouping that are protected by the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA). FERPA protection of student records ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased. Restricted files are not requestable.","Files within the this subgroup are restricted from use in compliance with the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) of 1974 that mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records within this group will be opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased.","File is restricted from use until 80 years after the date of creation. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) mandates restriction of student records. FERPA protection ends with the death of the student. Therefore, records are opened for research 80 years after their creation when it is presumed that the student is deceased."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection may receive additions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals"],"accruals_tesim":["This collection may receive additions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into 12 series:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eAdministrative, 1915-2015\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eCommittees, 1931-2015\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eCorrespondence, 1951-2003\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePolicies and Regulations, 1931-1971\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eMeeting Minutes, 1929-2012\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eLegislative Files, 1989-2012\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eFinancial Files, 1987-2014\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eDisciplinary Files, 1922-1973\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePhotographs, 2000-2014\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eScrapbooks, 2001-2009\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eEphemera, 1930-2015\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e2024-0507 Accession, 2011-2024\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into 12 series:","Administrative, 1915-2015 Committees, 1931-2015 Correspondence, 1951-2003 Policies and Regulations, 1931-1971 Meeting Minutes, 1929-2012 Legislative Files, 1989-2012 Financial Files, 1987-2014 Disciplinary Files, 1922-1973 Photographs, 2000-2014 Scrapbooks, 2001-2009 Ephemera, 1930-2015 2024-0507 Accession, 2011-2024"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eRaymond Dingledine, Madison College: The First Fifty Years, 1908-1958 (Harrisonburg, Virginia: Madison College, 1959).\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Raymond Dingledine, Madison College: The First Fifty Years, 1908-1958 (Harrisonburg, Virginia: Madison College, 1959)."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames Madison University's Student Government Association was established in February 1915 as the school's first student government. Although rumblings of self-government began with the founding of the school in 1908, it took a fair amount of effort to bring this idea to fruition. The roots of the university's SGA derive from the student Honor Council which began in the 1909-1910 school year. Students involved in the Honor Council began to create an unofficial student government that although unable to act in an official capacity, was instrumental in helping to bring about student support for self-government. By 1914, a small group of students worked together to draft a constitution for the planned student government organization and presented this constitution to the faculty. After completing revisions suggested by the faculty, the constitution was presented and voted on by the entire student body February 25, 1915 and as a result, the Student Association of the State Normal School at Harrisonburg was established. This first iteration of the organization required that the entire student body act as a member. Additionally, the Honor Committee was converted into the first Executive Board. This Executive Board included three officers (president, vice-president, and secretary), and several elected members of each class.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAs the school and student population grew so did the organization and it eventually became unrealistic for the entire student body to act as members of the organization. Complications also arose within the organization with the introduction of full-time male students in 1946. At the time, it did not seem appropriate for men and women to govern students of the opposite sex. As a result, the male students decided to create their own self-government in 1950, labeling their organization the Men's Student Government Organization. The female students likewise formally relabeled their existing organization the Women's Student Government Association in 1953 to better distinguish the separation between the two groups; however, they rarely included this additional identifier. While the two groups worked together on many matters through the 50s and 60s, the organizations formally combine in 1970, creating the current manifestation of the Student Government Association. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAs of 2015, the SGA at JMU is made up of appointed members on the Executive Staff, Representatives, and At-Large Senators. Elected members include Class Council Senators, College Senators, and Area Residence Senators. The mission: The Student Government Association of James Madison University is an organization dedicated to collaborating with all members of its community to advocate for student opinion, while fostering a proactive, inclusive environment.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Administrative History"],"bioghist_tesim":["James Madison University's Student Government Association was established in February 1915 as the school's first student government. Although rumblings of self-government began with the founding of the school in 1908, it took a fair amount of effort to bring this idea to fruition. The roots of the university's SGA derive from the student Honor Council which began in the 1909-1910 school year. Students involved in the Honor Council began to create an unofficial student government that although unable to act in an official capacity, was instrumental in helping to bring about student support for self-government. By 1914, a small group of students worked together to draft a constitution for the planned student government organization and presented this constitution to the faculty. After completing revisions suggested by the faculty, the constitution was presented and voted on by the entire student body February 25, 1915 and as a result, the Student Association of the State Normal School at Harrisonburg was established. This first iteration of the organization required that the entire student body act as a member. Additionally, the Honor Committee was converted into the first Executive Board. This Executive Board included three officers (president, vice-president, and secretary), and several elected members of each class.","As the school and student population grew so did the organization and it eventually became unrealistic for the entire student body to act as members of the organization. Complications also arose within the organization with the introduction of full-time male students in 1946. At the time, it did not seem appropriate for men and women to govern students of the opposite sex. As a result, the male students decided to create their own self-government in 1950, labeling their organization the Men's Student Government Organization. The female students likewise formally relabeled their existing organization the Women's Student Government Association in 1953 to better distinguish the separation between the two groups; however, they rarely included this additional identifier. While the two groups worked together on many matters through the 50s and 60s, the organizations formally combine in 1970, creating the current manifestation of the Student Government Association. ","As of 2015, the SGA at JMU is made up of appointed members on the Executive Staff, Representatives, and At-Large Senators. Elected members include Class Council Senators, College Senators, and Area Residence Senators. The mission: The Student Government Association of James Madison University is an organization dedicated to collaborating with all members of its community to advocate for student opinion, while fostering a proactive, inclusive environment."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Student Government Association Records, 1915-2024, UA 0007, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Student Government Association Records, 1915-2024, UA 0007, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAfter reviewing the material in all accessions, about 2 linear feet of material was removed from one of the 2005 accessions. The material was largely financial forms that contained banking information or social security numbers. All binder and notebook material was removed from the original bindings and transferred into folders. All the pages from each of the scrapbooks were removed and photocopied. Photocopies were also made of the cover and back covers. This was done to help preserve the context of the photographs on the pages in preparation for possible adhesive failure.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["After reviewing the material in all accessions, about 2 linear feet of material was removed from one of the 2005 accessions. The material was largely financial forms that contained banking information or social security numbers. All binder and notebook material was removed from the original bindings and transferred into folders. All the pages from each of the scrapbooks were removed and photocopied. Photocopies were also made of the cover and back covers. This was done to help preserve the context of the photographs on the pages in preparation for possible adhesive failure."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSome of the material in this collection can be viewed on Special Collections' Student Government Association Digital Exhibit published on-line in April 2015. https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/specialcollections/collections/show/2\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Some of the material in this collection can be viewed on Special Collections' Student Government Association Digital Exhibit published on-line in April 2015. https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/specialcollections/collections/show/2"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection documents the activities of James Madison University's Student Government Association in Harrisonburg, Virginia from 1915-2024. The collection developed from seven different accessions from the Student Government Association received in the 1990s and early 2000s and contains a wide range of material which is organized according to physical type or corresponding to subject. Much of the material in this collection derives from different meetings within the organization including: the Student Council, Student Senate, Execution Board, Senate and Council Committees, and others. A large amount of the collection is administrative material regarding the work of these different internal groups as well as the procedures which govern them. Similarly, these different internal meetings produced a fair amount of the minutes, committee reports, and legislative files found in the collection. In addition to these materials, there are also a large amount of financial files related to the budget of SGA and other on campus organizations. This collection also consists of correspondence to and from different members of the SGA usually regarding issues of student conduct on and off campus. The last major section of the collection contains photographs, scrapbooks, and ephemera memorializing different SGA events. Further descriptions of the material can be found in the series descriptions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis is the largest series in the collection and contains material related to the function and organization of SGA, featuring a variety of documents from 1923-2013, with the bulk of this series is from 1990-2013. There is a large gap in the material around 1980s. The first folder in the series, containing the organization's first constitution and by-laws, is not original to the collection. The document was located in the 1915 Faculty Minutes in the Board of Visitors Collection, 1908-2004 (PR 99-1122), photocopied, and added to the collection on March 25, 2015. This series additionally contains some interesting material related to student strikes which took place on campus in 1969 and 1970. There is particular information related to Jay Rainey, one of the student leaders, as well as SGA's Committee on Student Protest. Other materials to note in this series are documents from the early 2000s which relate to the sexual assault research on college campuses, reports related to the impact of Title IX on campus, and SGA research regarding the Forrest Hill Riot in 2000, which resulted in a conflict between the Harrisonburg Police Department and students at a spring block party.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains material related to the work of the different SGA committees from 1931-2002. There is another large gap of material in the 1980s. The bulk of this series is from the 1960s and 1999-2002. This series also includes information related to the standards of conduct for female students in the 1930s and 1960s, such as proper dating procedures.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series features correspondence from members of SGA to faculty and students on campus as well as several folders of correspondence to individuals off campus. The material in this series ranges from 1955-1971 with a small concentration from 2003. This series contains a fair amount of historical material, such as: a thank you card from Jackie Kennedy, 1963; material related to fears of communism on college campuses, 1965-1966; a letter from an upset parent regarding Jane Fonda's visit to campus in 1971; correspondence related to the proper conduct of female students during the 1950s and 1960s, especially in terms of interactions with males. This series also contains a collection of correspondence regarding the 2003 Board of Visitors decision to stop supplying students with emergency conception through the health center.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains material related to the different standards and regulations applying to the students of the school 1931-1971. Most of the material from this series is from the 1950s and 1960s. These documents provide interesting examples of the different social expectations of men and women during the period as well as the restrictive nature of the school's administration in comparison to current campus regulations. The material from the 2000s relates to the policies student representatives are to follow during meetings of the Student Senate.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains the minutes of the different branches of SGA, particularly Student Senate and the Executive Board, 1922-2012. There are two gaps in this series most notably between 1930-1940 with two smaller gaps in the 1970s and 2000s. These minutes generally provide information such as: meeting agendas, events taking place on campus, SGA members and committee chairs, as well as general insight into the everyday issues discussed in SGA meetings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains a mixture of bills and resolutions from SGA's Student Senate, 1989-2012, with the bulk from the 1990s. The series contains a large amount of resolutions related to the organization's contingency fund through which SGA assists in providing funding to different student organization on campus. However, there are also several folders of various bills presented to the Student Senate including proposed legislation that address contemporary social issues such as sexual orientation, campus issues such as better toilet paper, and student issues such as students' rights to privacy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains a variety of financial documents ranging from purchase orders and yearly budget information to travel receipts. A majority of the materials in this collection are budget reports providing financial information for different fiscal years. These reports are usually connected to the creation of the university's front-end budgets and often include budget information for other campus organizations such as the University Program Board, The Breeze, Black Student Alliance, and Student Ambassadors. A majority of the material removed from this series were: purchase orders; accounting and banking information; invoices; and receipts. This material was removed due to the presence of account information and social security numbers, and/or it was deemed that the material had little research value.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains records of disciplinary hearings conducted by Student Council, 1922-1973. Examples of students' misconduct include smoking cigarettes, possession of smoking paraphernalia, riding with dates without proper permission, going downtown or off campus without proper permission, cheating on assignments and/or examinations, mild hazing, stealing books, shoplifting, and drinking. Punishments included warnings, being \"campused,\" probation, and indefinite suspension.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series features five different groups of photographs, 2000-2014. The bulk of these photographs are connected to the SGA research of the Forrest Hill Riot in 2000; however, there are also photographs of the Class of 2009 Ring Premiere, the SGA Halloween Party, JMU's Big Event, and one of SGA's lobbying trips.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains material from eight different SGA scrapbooks dated 2001-2009. These scrapbooks have little descriptive text and mostly contain photographs of different SGA functions and events. These scrapbooks are some of the best representations of the SGA student experience, as the images in these book show the relationships and personalities of the individuals that comprise the organization. One of particular importance is the scrapbook containing the letters, pictures, and notes saved from the two-year anniversary memorial of 9-11. The SGA 2001-2002 scrapbook contains a photograph of SGA members with former Governor and Mayor Douglas Wilder and Senator Mark Warner.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains a variety of realia related to the history of SGA, 1930-2014. There are several large gaps in this series; 1931-1954, 1970-1980, and 2002-2012. The ephemera in this collection primarily comprises shirts, posters, academic regalia, and installation programs; however, there are additional items such as an SGA travel mug and several plaques. \"Mr. and Ms. Madison 2014\" sashes are included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 12 consists of materials transferred to Special Collections in May 2024 comprising digital files. One folder of paper certificates, honors, and proclamations is included. The contents of this series are similar to records present throughout the collection and include minutes, resolutions, constitutions, financial files and budgets, correspondence, member lists, bills of opinion, house rules, election policies, and photographs.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection documents the activities of James Madison University's Student Government Association in Harrisonburg, Virginia from 1915-2024. The collection developed from seven different accessions from the Student Government Association received in the 1990s and early 2000s and contains a wide range of material which is organized according to physical type or corresponding to subject. Much of the material in this collection derives from different meetings within the organization including: the Student Council, Student Senate, Execution Board, Senate and Council Committees, and others. A large amount of the collection is administrative material regarding the work of these different internal groups as well as the procedures which govern them. Similarly, these different internal meetings produced a fair amount of the minutes, committee reports, and legislative files found in the collection. In addition to these materials, there are also a large amount of financial files related to the budget of SGA and other on campus organizations. This collection also consists of correspondence to and from different members of the SGA usually regarding issues of student conduct on and off campus. The last major section of the collection contains photographs, scrapbooks, and ephemera memorializing different SGA events. Further descriptions of the material can be found in the series descriptions.","This is the largest series in the collection and contains material related to the function and organization of SGA, featuring a variety of documents from 1923-2013, with the bulk of this series is from 1990-2013. There is a large gap in the material around 1980s. The first folder in the series, containing the organization's first constitution and by-laws, is not original to the collection. The document was located in the 1915 Faculty Minutes in the Board of Visitors Collection, 1908-2004 (PR 99-1122), photocopied, and added to the collection on March 25, 2015. This series additionally contains some interesting material related to student strikes which took place on campus in 1969 and 1970. There is particular information related to Jay Rainey, one of the student leaders, as well as SGA's Committee on Student Protest. Other materials to note in this series are documents from the early 2000s which relate to the sexual assault research on college campuses, reports related to the impact of Title IX on campus, and SGA research regarding the Forrest Hill Riot in 2000, which resulted in a conflict between the Harrisonburg Police Department and students at a spring block party.","This series contains material related to the work of the different SGA committees from 1931-2002. There is another large gap of material in the 1980s. The bulk of this series is from the 1960s and 1999-2002. This series also includes information related to the standards of conduct for female students in the 1930s and 1960s, such as proper dating procedures.","This series features correspondence from members of SGA to faculty and students on campus as well as several folders of correspondence to individuals off campus. The material in this series ranges from 1955-1971 with a small concentration from 2003. This series contains a fair amount of historical material, such as: a thank you card from Jackie Kennedy, 1963; material related to fears of communism on college campuses, 1965-1966; a letter from an upset parent regarding Jane Fonda's visit to campus in 1971; correspondence related to the proper conduct of female students during the 1950s and 1960s, especially in terms of interactions with males. This series also contains a collection of correspondence regarding the 2003 Board of Visitors decision to stop supplying students with emergency conception through the health center.","This series contains material related to the different standards and regulations applying to the students of the school 1931-1971. Most of the material from this series is from the 1950s and 1960s. These documents provide interesting examples of the different social expectations of men and women during the period as well as the restrictive nature of the school's administration in comparison to current campus regulations. The material from the 2000s relates to the policies student representatives are to follow during meetings of the Student Senate.","This series contains the minutes of the different branches of SGA, particularly Student Senate and the Executive Board, 1922-2012. There are two gaps in this series most notably between 1930-1940 with two smaller gaps in the 1970s and 2000s. These minutes generally provide information such as: meeting agendas, events taking place on campus, SGA members and committee chairs, as well as general insight into the everyday issues discussed in SGA meetings.","This series contains a mixture of bills and resolutions from SGA's Student Senate, 1989-2012, with the bulk from the 1990s. The series contains a large amount of resolutions related to the organization's contingency fund through which SGA assists in providing funding to different student organization on campus. However, there are also several folders of various bills presented to the Student Senate including proposed legislation that address contemporary social issues such as sexual orientation, campus issues such as better toilet paper, and student issues such as students' rights to privacy.","This series contains a variety of financial documents ranging from purchase orders and yearly budget information to travel receipts. A majority of the materials in this collection are budget reports providing financial information for different fiscal years. These reports are usually connected to the creation of the university's front-end budgets and often include budget information for other campus organizations such as the University Program Board, The Breeze, Black Student Alliance, and Student Ambassadors. A majority of the material removed from this series were: purchase orders; accounting and banking information; invoices; and receipts. This material was removed due to the presence of account information and social security numbers, and/or it was deemed that the material had little research value.","This series contains records of disciplinary hearings conducted by Student Council, 1922-1973. Examples of students' misconduct include smoking cigarettes, possession of smoking paraphernalia, riding with dates without proper permission, going downtown or off campus without proper permission, cheating on assignments and/or examinations, mild hazing, stealing books, shoplifting, and drinking. Punishments included warnings, being \"campused,\" probation, and indefinite suspension.","This series features five different groups of photographs, 2000-2014. The bulk of these photographs are connected to the SGA research of the Forrest Hill Riot in 2000; however, there are also photographs of the Class of 2009 Ring Premiere, the SGA Halloween Party, JMU's Big Event, and one of SGA's lobbying trips.","This series contains material from eight different SGA scrapbooks dated 2001-2009. These scrapbooks have little descriptive text and mostly contain photographs of different SGA functions and events. These scrapbooks are some of the best representations of the SGA student experience, as the images in these book show the relationships and personalities of the individuals that comprise the organization. One of particular importance is the scrapbook containing the letters, pictures, and notes saved from the two-year anniversary memorial of 9-11. The SGA 2001-2002 scrapbook contains a photograph of SGA members with former Governor and Mayor Douglas Wilder and Senator Mark Warner.","This series contains a variety of realia related to the history of SGA, 1930-2014. There are several large gaps in this series; 1931-1954, 1970-1980, and 2002-2012. The ephemera in this collection primarily comprises shirts, posters, academic regalia, and installation programs; however, there are additional items such as an SGA travel mug and several plaques. \"Mr. and Ms. Madison 2014\" sashes are included.","Series 12 consists of materials transferred to Special Collections in May 2024 comprising digital files. One folder of paper certificates, honors, and proclamations is included. The contents of this series are similar to records present throughout the collection and include minutes, resolutions, constitutions, financial files and budgets, correspondence, member lists, bills of opinion, house rules, election policies, and photographs."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright for materials authored or otherwise produced as official business of James Madison University is retained by James Madison University. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user. For more information, contact the Special Collections Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eStaff have taken special care to identify and remove sensitive materials, particularly those relating to students' academic records, found within this collection. However, in rare instances, privacy protected information may be revealed during use of this collection. Researchers agree to make no notes or other recordation of privacy protected information if found within this collection, and further agree not to publish or disclose such information for any purpose. Researchers agree to alert Special Collections staff if potentially privacy protected information is found within this collection. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright for materials authored or otherwise produced as official business of James Madison University is retained by James Madison University. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user. For more information, contact the Special Collections Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Staff have taken special care to identify and remove sensitive materials, particularly those relating to students' academic records, found within this collection. However, in rare instances, privacy protected information may be revealed during use of this collection. Researchers agree to make no notes or other recordation of privacy protected information if found within this collection, and further agree not to publish or disclose such information for any purpose. Researchers agree to alert Special Collections staff if potentially privacy protected information is found within this collection. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_0da7b229c8c3f306c4ddb8f74a4cfc1a\"\u003eThe Student Government Association Records consist of material relating to the activities of the James Madison University's Student Government Association from its establishment as the Student Association of the State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg in 1915 until 2024.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Student Government Association Records consist of material relating to the activities of the James Madison University's Student Government Association from its establishment as the Student Association of the State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg in 1915 until 2024."],"names_coll_ssim":["James Madison University. Student Government Association","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","Madison College -- Students","Madison College -- History","James Madison University -- Students","James Madison University -- History"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","James Madison University. Student Government Association","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","Madison College -- Students","Madison College -- History","James Madison University -- Students","James Madison University -- History","Fonda, Jane, 1937-"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","James Madison University. Student Government Association","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","Madison College -- Students","Madison College -- History","James Madison University -- Students","James Madison University -- History"],"persname_ssim":["Fonda, Jane, 1937-"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":471,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:24:36.195Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_215_c05_c01"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644_c06","type":"Subgroup","attributes":{"title":"Woman's Society of Christian Service, John Wesley United Methodist Church minute books","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_644_c06#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644_c06","ref_ssm":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_644_c06"],"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644_c06","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","parent_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","parent_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_644"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_644"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers"],"text":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers","Woman's Society of Christian Service, John Wesley United Methodist Church minute books"],"title_filing_ssi":"Woman's Society of Christian Service, John Wesley United Methodist Church minute books","title_ssm":["Woman's Society of Christian Service, John Wesley United Methodist Church minute books"],"title_tesim":["Woman's Society of Christian Service, John Wesley United Methodist Church minute books"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1943-1976"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1943/1976"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Woman's Society of Christian Service, John Wesley United Methodist Church minute books"],"component_level_isim":[1],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"collection_ssim":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":7,"level_ssm":["Subgroup"],"level_ssim":["Subgroup"],"sort_isi":141,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"date_range_isim":[1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976],"_nest_path_":"/components#5","timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:22:06.237Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_644.xml","title_ssm":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1875-2005"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1875-2005"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0313","/repositories/4/resources/644"],"text":["SC 0313","/repositories/4/resources/644","Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers","Newtown (Rockingham County, Va.)","African Americans -- Education","African Americans -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American neighborhoods -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Urban renewal -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American churches -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Family papers","Photographs","Minutes (administrative records)","Manuscripts (documents)","Ledgers (account books)","Letters (correspondence)","Pamphlets","Speeches (Documents)","Brochures","Church records","Sheet music","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","George Newman's manuscript and the individual photographs comprising the twelve tri-folds were digitized per the donor's request. George Newman's speech was also digitized. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request.","Newman's manuscript \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" was published for the first time in 2025 and edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. It is available in printed form or online at  https://pressbooks.lib.jmu.edu/newmanmiserablerevenge/ .","The manuscript was digitized in February-April 2021 and is available upon request.","The collection is arranged chronologically with the exception of the Gerald Harris and Wendell Temple papers which are intellectually and physically arranged as sub-groups at the end of the collection.","George Newman's manuscript is housed in one folder and two archival quality binders. The first two manuscript pages are on legal sized paper and were removed to a folder to ensure their physical integrity. Folder 1 includes manuscript pages 1-2. Binder 1 includes manuscript pages 3-140. The first four manuscript pages, approximately, were transcribed at an unknown time and are included in binder 1. Binder 2 includes manuscript pages 141-480. Missing pages are outlined in the Scope and Content note. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order. Each page is individually sleeved with a few exceptions, for example when it was discovered during scanning that two pages were in the same sleeve. In these instances the pages were kept in the same sleeve but repositioned so that both could be viewed.","Toliver, Ruth M. Keeping Up With Yesterday. Olney, MD: Lowell A. or Ruth M. Toliver, 2009.","Toliver, Ruth M. History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906. Gaithersburg, MD: Signature Books, 1998.","Obituary for Austin G. Harris, Daily News-Record, April 8, 2005.","Ruth M. Toliver is a retired English teacher, local and family historian, and the author of   History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906  (1998) and  Keeping Up With Yesterday  (2009). She is the daughter of Eugene Murdock and Myrtle Newman Murdock (1901-2000) and the granddaughter of George Ambrose Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. Ruth Toliver inherited many of the family papers that comprise this collection from her cousin Wendell Temple (d. 2005), son of Ruby Newman Temple. She married Lowell Toliver, son of Theodore Tolliver (1902-1967) and Phoebe Harper Tolliver (1906-1982). Lowell Toliver, who was born and raised in Harrisonburg, entered the U. S. Army in January 1953 and it was at this point that the spelling of his last name changed from Tolliver to Toliver.","Born February 4, 1855 in Winchester, Virginia to free Black parents, George Ambrose Newman moved to Harrisonburg in 1875 to serve as principal of the local African American school. Newman learned to read and write at an early age and also pursued his interests in music. He served for 33 years as a teacher and administrator in the city school system—chiefly at the Effinger Street School—and also held teaching positions in Warren County, Augusta County, and West Virginia. Six of Newman's children also pursued teaching and began their careers in Rockingham County. Along with Ulysses G. Wilson, local educator and half-brother of Lucy F. Simms, Newman paid the poll taxes of local Black men in response to disenfranchisement tactics during segregation. In addition to being an influential educator Newman was a minister, musician, a member of the Mt. Zion Lodge of Masons in Staunton, and a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church (variously known as John Wesley Methodist Church and John Wesley M. E. Church) in Harrisonburg. Outside of teaching, Newman took positions as an agent of the Internal Revenue Service and a U.S. Deputy Marshall. ","George A. Newman married Margaret \"Maggie\" Dallard (1859-1887), daughter of Ambrose and Harriett Dallard, in 1877 and together they had four children. After Maggie's death in 1887, George Newman married Maggie's sister, Mary F. Dallard (1869-1968), as was Ghanian tradition. They had ten children. Newman is remembered as a trailblazing member of Harrisonburg's early African American community and a respected educational leader. Per his obituary, Newman had started his 66th reading of the Bible just months prior to his death. Newman passed away on April 6, 1944 at the age of 89.","Ruby Edith Newman (1898-1983) was born in Harrisonburg to George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. She married Junius Leroy Temple in 1920. Ruby Newman Temple was a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church and served for many years as the secretary of the church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS). WSCS met monthly at either the church or the home of a society member.","Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) was born in Harrisonburg to Carlotta Newman Harris and Austin St. Clair \"Dick\" Harris. He was the grandson of George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman on his mother's side and W. N. P. Harris and Geraldine Robinson Harris on his father's side. Harris attended Lucy F. Simms School and while a student entered a local \"How To Beautify Your City\" contest sponsored by the Spotswood Garden Club's Road Beautification Committee. Due to Harrisonburg and Rockingham County's connection to turkeys, Harris submitted the idea and complementary design for turkey monuments to be placed at the highway approaches to Rockingham County. Harris's submission was selected as the winner and the monuments were subsequently dedicated in December 1955. Harris also attended Banneker Junior High School and Theodore Roosevelt High School in Washington, DC. After graduation from Roosevelt, Harris matriculated at Howard University where he graduated in 1964. While a student at Howard, Harris was a member of the ROTC. Harris obtained his master's degree from Syracuse University and later worked at Niagara Mohawk Power Company (Syracuse) and Associated Utilities Company (New Jersey).","Wendell Ambrose Temple (1923-2005) was born in Harrisonburg, Virginia to Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983) and Junius Leroy Temple (1898-1937). Locally, he attended Effinger High School and Lucy F. Simms School. He was an accomplished pianist and musician, and described as a child prodigy in the local newspaper. As a youth, Temple won state-wide music contests and performed at Harrisonburg's State Theater. He received his early training almost exclusively by local music instructor Thurston DeMasters. Temple graduated from Oberlin Conservatory of Music and the University of Iowa. He taught at Florida A\u0026M University and Wilberforce University.","George A. Newman, Ruby Newman Temple, and Gerald Harris are all buried in Newtown Cemetery along with many of their immediate and extended family members.","Beyond the Newman family, much of this collection more generally documents Newtown, Harrisonburg's historically African American community located in the northeast section of the city. After Emancipation, this area was settled by formerly enslaved people who began purchasing lots in the Zirkle addition which was farmland located on the northeast edge of town that was newly opened up to residential development. During the 1950s and 1960s, Harrisonburg engaged in urban renewal (Project R4) during which the city identified \"blight\" areas and after acquiring homes and land under eminent domain, sold the property to developers. As a result many Black-owned homes and businesses in the Newtown area were razed, and community members were forced to relocate.","A portion of the original photographs copied for the tri-folds were provided to the Tolivers by community and family members.","George Newman's manuscript was digitized per the donor's request in February 2021. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request. Numerous manuscript pages have writing on their verso side (back) though these were not scanned. All of those pages were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.","Original description of the photographs created by the donor was largely retained within descriptive elements of the container list (e.g. thematic titles of tri-folds and item-level titles).","Loose programs and handwritten documents were removed from George Newman's notebook documenting the history of the John Wesley M. E. Church and arranged according to material type.","Materials related to Gerald Harris were largely kept in the same topical order in which they were received.","Allison Lyttle, JMU Libraries Music \u0026 Media Metadata Specialist, assisted in identifying, sorting, and describing Wendell Temple's sheet music which was donated in no discernable order.","Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Records, 1892-1905. Accession 37081, Church records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.","The Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandson Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown.","According to Ruth Toliver, George A. Newman's 480-page manuscript titled \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" is a work of fiction with autobiographical elements. The manuscript is divided into 40 chapters and begins: \"A finer estate than that of Joshua Sowers could not be found in all Virginia. We will not give the exact date, let it suffice for us to say we begin our story April the first, in a certain part of the nineteenth century. The morning was a clear, beautiful one. We locate the scene of our story in the county of Frederick, a short distance from the then small town of Winchester. The estate was rightly named Brookland, for the land was covered with brooks. Mr. Sowers owned a large mill.\" Newman introduces a character named William G. Reed as the hero of the story who is leaving Brookland for Chicago. While not explicitly discussed in the manuscript, it is presumed that both Sowers and Reed are white men. African American characters include Jack, Joshua Sowers's \"faithful servant;\" Aunt Sally, the Sowers' enslaved cook; and George, a free child who lived with Sowers. Researchers should note that the manuscript contains the use of racial slurs and further, the enslaved African American characters are depicted as speaking in a stereotypical dialect as was common practice in late 19th century American literature. George, on the other hand, \"had learned to read and write and he always spoke very fluently.\" ","The manuscript was published for the first time in 2025 by James Madison University Libraries Press Books and was edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. The back cover book blurb provides the following context and summary:  \"In the mid-1870s, a young African American educator arrived in Harrisonburg, Virginia, where he wrote a novel about antebellum life in the Shenandoah Valley. George A. Newman's A Miserable Revenge: A Story of Life in Virginia appears here in print for the first time, nearly 150 years after its composition. The earliest known example of a 'white life' novel--a Black-authored novel about white protagonists--A Miserable Revenge is set in and around Winchester, Virginia, in the 1840s. It draws on the sensationalist conventions of popular fiction of the time to spin a story of dark secrets, lost relatives, mistaken identities, crime and detection, and romance. In the novel, Newman describes the relationship between free and enslaved Black Virginians, drawing on his experience as a free Black child indentured to a white landowner in Winchester before the Civil War.\"","The manuscript pages are numbered in the same hand as the manuscript (George A. Newman's). The following pages are not extant and are missing from the manuscript entirely: pages 71-72, 76-82, 84, 267, 272-275, 289-291, and 375. Newman's page number for page 331 was torn away and at a later time was numbered as page 332, but contextual clues confirm that it is in fact page 331. The page was marked as such by the archivist and the incorrect page number was also retained. Only two pages are present between pages 346-349, and for both of the extant pages the page numbers are at least partially torn away rendering them illegible and their exact order unclear. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.","While the manuscript is undated, writings potentially in Newman's hand and appearing on select verso pages date to 1875 and 1876. Editors of the published version of the manuscript date the document to mid-1870s. The aforementioned writings largely appear to be handwriting exercises or draft correspondence and also include a nine page essay titled \"An Essay on Truth\" which begins on the verso of page 391 continuing through page 409 on the odd page numbers with a few pages skipped. While undated, context clues within the essay, specifically an anecdote regarding New York Senator Roscoe Conkling recently returning from Europe, suggest a date of 1877. Internal evidence suggests that the remarks were likely given by Newman to the local order of the African American fraternal organization Independent Sons and Daughters of Purity, only identified in the essay by the abbreviation \"I. S. \u0026 D. P.\" and \"Sons \u0026 D. of P.\" In this same essay, Newman writes about having to keep his remarks brief due to an upcoming teacher's examination. All of the manuscript pages with writing on their versos were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper.","George Newman's speech \"Observations on the Negro Problem\" primarily concerns education with commentary on industrial education, choice of occupation, and a comparison of education funding for American Indian students vs. African American students. Newman also discusses the topic of African colonization of Black individuals as proposed by \"so-called statesmen and mis-named philanthropists.\" Newman argues \"It is paradoxical to speak of sending him to a place when he is already there. We are to the manor born. This is now our native home....\" Newman recognizes that certain voting laws that require meeting educational and property qualifications are examples of \"adverse legislation,\" but argues that they might be a \"blessing in disguise.\" Newman concludes with a call for an equitably educated citizenry regardless of status. Edits made to the speech suggest that it may have originally been written circa 1902 and presented again in 1913. As such, a date of 1913 is applied to the speech given the contextual clues within despite the document being undated. A draft transcript created by Special Collections staff is filed with the speech.","Twelve cardboard tri-folds compiled by Lowell Toliver include approximately 133 facsimile photographs documenting people and places in Newtown and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood. The photograph descriptions were also compiled by Toliver as was the thematic arrangement of each tri-fold. Family names of people identified in the photographs include Harper, Tolliver/Toliver, Sampson, Yokley, Newman, Bundy, Dallard, Temple, Vickers, Brown, Nickens, and Johnson. Local churches and schools include John Wesley Methodist Church, Bethel AME Church, Effinger Street School, and Simms School. Researchers should note that the surname Toliver is spelled variously as Tolover, Tolliver, etc. in the collection. Lowell Toliver's last name was changed slightly from Tolliver to Toliver when he enlisted in the military.","Six minute books document the financial and administrative functions of the John Wesley Methodist Church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS) between 1943 and 1976. Ruby Newman Temple served as WSCS's secretary for a period of time and kept monthly minutes for the society. Member lists and membership dues are also documented in the minute books. WSCS meetings typically included prayer, scripture reading, hymn singing, a business report, and a program or a topic of discussion. WSCS engaged in community outreach by providing Christmas baskets for the sick in the community, sending sympathy cards, and making charitable donations. The Ruby Newman Temple correspondence primarily relates to her work with WSCS. ","Other materials related to John Wesley Methodist Church include anniversary programs as well as member lists and a brief church history compiled by George Newman. Printed materials related to the United Methodist Church but not specific to John Wesley Methodist Church are also included. ","Four hand-colored sketches by George A. Newman, son of Frederick Newman (1883-1959) are dated August 28, 1929. ","Materials related to Gerald Harris largely concern his design of the turkey monuments that are located on the highway approaches into Harrisonburg and his schooling and coursework at Lucy F. Simms School, Banneker Junior High School, Theodore Roosevelt Senior High School, and Howard University. Report cards and tuition receipts are included. Of interest is a 1954 letter from A. M. Stitt, Lucy F. Simms School principal, certifying that Harris was vaccinated as well as Harris's polio vaccination card.","Materials created by Wendell Temple primarily comprise original handwritten sheet music for piano. Pieces specifically written for the organ, pianoforte, and violin are also included. The bulk of the sheet music is undated but likely dates to the mid-1930s to late 1940s. The compositions are in various states of completeness and order. Sheet music was written on lined notebook paper, blank pages of voter rolls for the 1928 presidential election, and the back of letterhead for the Castle Hall of Rockingham Star Lodge No. 72 Knights of Pythias and the Democratic Campaign Committee. Additional papers include correspondence from Temple to his mother Ruby Newman Temple and an Effinger High School report card.","Among the guests are Cuetta Howard, Valley Terrell, Hattie Washington, Phoebe Tolliver, and Julia Howard.","Pictured are Marguerite Yokley, Doris Harper, Lois Rouser, Altee Beale, Bessie Goodloe, Louise Winston, Lavinia Temple, Peggy Yokley, Buddy Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Betty Yokley, Clara Bruce, Savilla Vickers, Della Harper, Betty Atkins, Norma Edmonds, Selena Duncan, Eddie Caul, Phoebe Tolliver, Vallie Terrell, [unknown first name] Stitt.","Pictured are all of those in 4. Formal party at Tolliver's as well as Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Yokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, and Henry Rouser.","Included are Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Kokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, Henry Rouser.","Ruth, Myrtle, Mary, Hattie, and Carlotta","Jessie Carter, Lowell Toliver, Bernice Tolliver, Buddy Tolliver, Theodore Tolliver","Included are Ruby, Hattie, Myrtle, and Ruth.","Marguerite and Joe Yokley, Mattie Hollins, Phoebe and Theodore Tolliver, Willie Harper, Savilla Vickers, Martha Hollins, Carl Hollins","Demetrius, Fred Jr., George","Included are A. Stitt, Henry Vickers, Andrew Temple, Elon Rhodes, Buddy Tolliver, Harold Mitchell, and Fleming Jordan.","Included are Ruby Temple, Phoebe Tolliver, Lottie Brown, Rev. and Mrs. Douglass Bowman, Mary Newman, Marian Bowman, Ruth Murdock, Mary Murdock, Savilla Vickers, Dennish Bundy, Gladys Bundy, Arizona Wardy, Johnny Harper, Bud Laird, and Carlotta Newman.","Pictured are Nettie Ray, Lottie Brown, Mary Johnson, Mary Newman, Willie Johnson, Albert Brown, Desmond Johnson, Vivian Redd, Minerva Redd, Lucille Watson, Hattie Watson, Gladys Bundy, Hattie Mitchell, Everett Howard, Fleming Jordan, Louise Winston, and \"Chip\" Johnson.","Included are Jim Guy, Arbutus Sampson, Pauline Carter, Clarence Whitelow, Lowell Toliver, and Frances Scott.","Included are Lucy Simms, Henry Vickers, and Joseph Newman.","Indentifiable are Goldie Francis and Myrtle Newman.","Included are Elon Rhodes, Joe Nickens, Edgar Johnson, Henry Rouser, Everett Howard, Lorenzo Strother, and Alfred Howard.","Included are Ruth Jones, Lois Rouser, Clara Bruce, Betty Yokley, Stitts, \"Duke\" Duncan, Edgar Johnson, Wilhelmina Johnson, Frank Duncan, Peggy Howard, Theodore and Phoebe Tolliver, and Everett Howard.","Included are Willie Harper, Frank Duncan, Willie Bryant, and Theodore Tolliver.","Queen for Eastern Star Organization.","Professional athlete.","Ph.D., University of Iowa.","Ordained United Methodist minister.","Professional athlete.","Lowell Toliver, Justin Banks, Carlton, Banks, Chief Z, and Marc Shifflett.","Transcript included.","Includes a composition notebook with the label \"The property of G. A. Newman, Recording Steward, John Wesley M. E. Church.\" The titled lists include Charter Members of John Wesley M. E. Church Organized October 1865, Deceased Superintendents of John Wesley M. E. Church School, and Partial list of Deceased Members of John Wesley M. E. Church. An untitled list includes member names by street and another just includes member names. These documents appear to be largely in the hand of George A. Newman.","The Vesper Choir of Mother A. M. E. Zion Cathedral [New York] Presents The Sanctuary Choristers program dated April 28, 1968 is inscribed to Ruby [E. Temple] from Lydia [M. Rogers].","\"Dedicated to Rudolph Friml for the inspiration received from his \"Indian Love Call.\"","Includes a lock of hair tied with a red ribbon.","One copy of the pamphlet Seventy-fifth Anniversary of the John Wesley Methodist Church, Harrisonburg, Virginia, October 20th through 27th, 1940 was removed from the collection and cataloged separately as part of Special Collections' rare book holdings. A second copy remains in the collection.","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandsons Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) and Wendell Temple (1923-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Lucy F. Simms School (Public school)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Woman's Society of Christian Service","Effinger Street School","Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Newtown, Rockingham County, Va.)","Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005","Allen, Doris Harper, 1927-2021","Rhodes, Elon W. (Elon Walter), 1922-2006","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Fairfax, Mary Awkard, 1912-2006","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Dickerson, Eugene, (Physician)","Friml, Rudolf, 1879-1972","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0313","/repositories/4/resources/644"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Newtown (Rockingham County, Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Newtown (Rockingham County, Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005"],"creator_ssim":["Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005"],"creators_ssim":["Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005"],"places_ssim":["Newtown (Rockingham County, Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated to Special Collections by Ruth and Lowell Toliver in February 2021. Ruth Toliver is George A. Newman's granddaughter. The Tolivers made additional donations in September 2021, October 2021, and January 2022."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- Education","African Americans -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American neighborhoods -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Urban renewal -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American churches -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Family papers","Photographs","Minutes (administrative records)","Manuscripts (documents)","Ledgers (account books)","Letters (correspondence)","Pamphlets","Speeches (Documents)","Brochures","Church records","Sheet music"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- Education","African Americans -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American neighborhoods -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Urban renewal -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American churches -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Family papers","Photographs","Minutes (administrative records)","Manuscripts (documents)","Ledgers (account books)","Letters (correspondence)","Pamphlets","Speeches (Documents)","Brochures","Church records","Sheet music"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3.8 cubic feet in 3 boxes and 12 tri-folds"],"extent_tesim":["3.8 cubic feet in 3 boxes and 12 tri-folds"],"genreform_ssim":["Family papers","Photographs","Minutes (administrative records)","Manuscripts (documents)","Ledgers (account books)","Letters (correspondence)","Pamphlets","Speeches (Documents)","Brochures","Church records","Sheet music"],"date_range_isim":[1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Newman's manuscript and the individual photographs comprising the twelve tri-folds were digitized per the donor's request. George Newman's speech was also digitized. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNewman's manuscript \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" was published for the first time in 2025 and edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. It is available in printed form or online at \u003cextref href=\"https://pressbooks.lib.jmu.edu/newmanmiserablerevenge/\" show=\"new\"\u003ehttps://pressbooks.lib.jmu.edu/newmanmiserablerevenge/\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe manuscript was digitized in February-April 2021 and is available upon request.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Other Formats Available","Other Formats Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["George Newman's manuscript and the individual photographs comprising the twelve tri-folds were digitized per the donor's request. George Newman's speech was also digitized. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request.","Newman's manuscript \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" was published for the first time in 2025 and edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. It is available in printed form or online at  https://pressbooks.lib.jmu.edu/newmanmiserablerevenge/ .","The manuscript was digitized in February-April 2021 and is available upon request."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged chronologically with the exception of the Gerald Harris and Wendell Temple papers which are intellectually and physically arranged as sub-groups at the end of the collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeorge Newman's manuscript is housed in one folder and two archival quality binders. The first two manuscript pages are on legal sized paper and were removed to a folder to ensure their physical integrity. Folder 1 includes manuscript pages 1-2. Binder 1 includes manuscript pages 3-140. The first four manuscript pages, approximately, were transcribed at an unknown time and are included in binder 1. Binder 2 includes manuscript pages 141-480. Missing pages are outlined in the Scope and Content note. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order. Each page is individually sleeved with a few exceptions, for example when it was discovered during scanning that two pages were in the same sleeve. In these instances the pages were kept in the same sleeve but repositioned so that both could be viewed.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged chronologically with the exception of the Gerald Harris and Wendell Temple papers which are intellectually and physically arranged as sub-groups at the end of the collection.","George Newman's manuscript is housed in one folder and two archival quality binders. The first two manuscript pages are on legal sized paper and were removed to a folder to ensure their physical integrity. Folder 1 includes manuscript pages 1-2. Binder 1 includes manuscript pages 3-140. The first four manuscript pages, approximately, were transcribed at an unknown time and are included in binder 1. Binder 2 includes manuscript pages 141-480. Missing pages are outlined in the Scope and Content note. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order. Each page is individually sleeved with a few exceptions, for example when it was discovered during scanning that two pages were in the same sleeve. In these instances the pages were kept in the same sleeve but repositioned so that both could be viewed."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eToliver, Ruth M. Keeping Up With Yesterday. Olney, MD: Lowell A. or Ruth M. Toliver, 2009.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eToliver, Ruth M. History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906. Gaithersburg, MD: Signature Books, 1998.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eObituary for Austin G. Harris, Daily News-Record, April 8, 2005.\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Toliver, Ruth M. Keeping Up With Yesterday. Olney, MD: Lowell A. or Ruth M. Toliver, 2009.","Toliver, Ruth M. History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906. Gaithersburg, MD: Signature Books, 1998.","Obituary for Austin G. Harris, Daily News-Record, April 8, 2005."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRuth M. Toliver is a retired English teacher, local and family historian, and the author of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003e History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906\u003c/emph\u003e (1998) and \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eKeeping Up With Yesterday\u003c/emph\u003e (2009). She is the daughter of Eugene Murdock and Myrtle Newman Murdock (1901-2000) and the granddaughter of George Ambrose Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. Ruth Toliver inherited many of the family papers that comprise this collection from her cousin Wendell Temple (d. 2005), son of Ruby Newman Temple. She married Lowell Toliver, son of Theodore Tolliver (1902-1967) and Phoebe Harper Tolliver (1906-1982). Lowell Toliver, who was born and raised in Harrisonburg, entered the U. S. Army in January 1953 and it was at this point that the spelling of his last name changed from Tolliver to Toliver.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBorn February 4, 1855 in Winchester, Virginia to free Black parents, George Ambrose Newman moved to Harrisonburg in 1875 to serve as principal of the local African American school. Newman learned to read and write at an early age and also pursued his interests in music. He served for 33 years as a teacher and administrator in the city school system—chiefly at the Effinger Street School—and also held teaching positions in Warren County, Augusta County, and West Virginia. Six of Newman's children also pursued teaching and began their careers in Rockingham County. Along with Ulysses G. Wilson, local educator and half-brother of Lucy F. Simms, Newman paid the poll taxes of local Black men in response to disenfranchisement tactics during segregation. In addition to being an influential educator Newman was a minister, musician, a member of the Mt. Zion Lodge of Masons in Staunton, and a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church (variously known as John Wesley Methodist Church and John Wesley M. E. Church) in Harrisonburg. Outside of teaching, Newman took positions as an agent of the Internal Revenue Service and a U.S. Deputy Marshall. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeorge A. Newman married Margaret \"Maggie\" Dallard (1859-1887), daughter of Ambrose and Harriett Dallard, in 1877 and together they had four children. After Maggie's death in 1887, George Newman married Maggie's sister, Mary F. Dallard (1869-1968), as was Ghanian tradition. They had ten children. Newman is remembered as a trailblazing member of Harrisonburg's early African American community and a respected educational leader. Per his obituary, Newman had started his 66th reading of the Bible just months prior to his death. Newman passed away on April 6, 1944 at the age of 89.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRuby Edith Newman (1898-1983) was born in Harrisonburg to George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. She married Junius Leroy Temple in 1920. Ruby Newman Temple was a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church and served for many years as the secretary of the church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS). WSCS met monthly at either the church or the home of a society member.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAustin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) was born in Harrisonburg to Carlotta Newman Harris and Austin St. Clair \"Dick\" Harris. He was the grandson of George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman on his mother's side and W. N. P. Harris and Geraldine Robinson Harris on his father's side. Harris attended Lucy F. Simms School and while a student entered a local \"How To Beautify Your City\" contest sponsored by the Spotswood Garden Club's Road Beautification Committee. Due to Harrisonburg and Rockingham County's connection to turkeys, Harris submitted the idea and complementary design for turkey monuments to be placed at the highway approaches to Rockingham County. Harris's submission was selected as the winner and the monuments were subsequently dedicated in December 1955. Harris also attended Banneker Junior High School and Theodore Roosevelt High School in Washington, DC. After graduation from Roosevelt, Harris matriculated at Howard University where he graduated in 1964. While a student at Howard, Harris was a member of the ROTC. Harris obtained his master's degree from Syracuse University and later worked at Niagara Mohawk Power Company (Syracuse) and Associated Utilities Company (New Jersey).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWendell Ambrose Temple (1923-2005) was born in Harrisonburg, Virginia to Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983) and Junius Leroy Temple (1898-1937). Locally, he attended Effinger High School and Lucy F. Simms School. He was an accomplished pianist and musician, and described as a child prodigy in the local newspaper. As a youth, Temple won state-wide music contests and performed at Harrisonburg's State Theater. He received his early training almost exclusively by local music instructor Thurston DeMasters. Temple graduated from Oberlin Conservatory of Music and the University of Iowa. He taught at Florida A\u0026amp;M University and Wilberforce University.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeorge A. Newman, Ruby Newman Temple, and Gerald Harris are all buried in Newtown Cemetery along with many of their immediate and extended family members.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBeyond the Newman family, much of this collection more generally documents Newtown, Harrisonburg's historically African American community located in the northeast section of the city. After Emancipation, this area was settled by formerly enslaved people who began purchasing lots in the Zirkle addition which was farmland located on the northeast edge of town that was newly opened up to residential development. During the 1950s and 1960s, Harrisonburg engaged in urban renewal (Project R4) during which the city identified \"blight\" areas and after acquiring homes and land under eminent domain, sold the property to developers. As a result many Black-owned homes and businesses in the Newtown area were razed, and community members were forced to relocate.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Ruth M. Toliver is a retired English teacher, local and family historian, and the author of   History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906  (1998) and  Keeping Up With Yesterday  (2009). She is the daughter of Eugene Murdock and Myrtle Newman Murdock (1901-2000) and the granddaughter of George Ambrose Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. Ruth Toliver inherited many of the family papers that comprise this collection from her cousin Wendell Temple (d. 2005), son of Ruby Newman Temple. She married Lowell Toliver, son of Theodore Tolliver (1902-1967) and Phoebe Harper Tolliver (1906-1982). Lowell Toliver, who was born and raised in Harrisonburg, entered the U. S. Army in January 1953 and it was at this point that the spelling of his last name changed from Tolliver to Toliver.","Born February 4, 1855 in Winchester, Virginia to free Black parents, George Ambrose Newman moved to Harrisonburg in 1875 to serve as principal of the local African American school. Newman learned to read and write at an early age and also pursued his interests in music. He served for 33 years as a teacher and administrator in the city school system—chiefly at the Effinger Street School—and also held teaching positions in Warren County, Augusta County, and West Virginia. Six of Newman's children also pursued teaching and began their careers in Rockingham County. Along with Ulysses G. Wilson, local educator and half-brother of Lucy F. Simms, Newman paid the poll taxes of local Black men in response to disenfranchisement tactics during segregation. In addition to being an influential educator Newman was a minister, musician, a member of the Mt. Zion Lodge of Masons in Staunton, and a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church (variously known as John Wesley Methodist Church and John Wesley M. E. Church) in Harrisonburg. Outside of teaching, Newman took positions as an agent of the Internal Revenue Service and a U.S. Deputy Marshall. ","George A. Newman married Margaret \"Maggie\" Dallard (1859-1887), daughter of Ambrose and Harriett Dallard, in 1877 and together they had four children. After Maggie's death in 1887, George Newman married Maggie's sister, Mary F. Dallard (1869-1968), as was Ghanian tradition. They had ten children. Newman is remembered as a trailblazing member of Harrisonburg's early African American community and a respected educational leader. Per his obituary, Newman had started his 66th reading of the Bible just months prior to his death. Newman passed away on April 6, 1944 at the age of 89.","Ruby Edith Newman (1898-1983) was born in Harrisonburg to George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. She married Junius Leroy Temple in 1920. Ruby Newman Temple was a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church and served for many years as the secretary of the church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS). WSCS met monthly at either the church or the home of a society member.","Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) was born in Harrisonburg to Carlotta Newman Harris and Austin St. Clair \"Dick\" Harris. He was the grandson of George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman on his mother's side and W. N. P. Harris and Geraldine Robinson Harris on his father's side. Harris attended Lucy F. Simms School and while a student entered a local \"How To Beautify Your City\" contest sponsored by the Spotswood Garden Club's Road Beautification Committee. Due to Harrisonburg and Rockingham County's connection to turkeys, Harris submitted the idea and complementary design for turkey monuments to be placed at the highway approaches to Rockingham County. Harris's submission was selected as the winner and the monuments were subsequently dedicated in December 1955. Harris also attended Banneker Junior High School and Theodore Roosevelt High School in Washington, DC. After graduation from Roosevelt, Harris matriculated at Howard University where he graduated in 1964. While a student at Howard, Harris was a member of the ROTC. Harris obtained his master's degree from Syracuse University and later worked at Niagara Mohawk Power Company (Syracuse) and Associated Utilities Company (New Jersey).","Wendell Ambrose Temple (1923-2005) was born in Harrisonburg, Virginia to Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983) and Junius Leroy Temple (1898-1937). Locally, he attended Effinger High School and Lucy F. Simms School. He was an accomplished pianist and musician, and described as a child prodigy in the local newspaper. As a youth, Temple won state-wide music contests and performed at Harrisonburg's State Theater. He received his early training almost exclusively by local music instructor Thurston DeMasters. Temple graduated from Oberlin Conservatory of Music and the University of Iowa. He taught at Florida A\u0026M University and Wilberforce University.","George A. Newman, Ruby Newman Temple, and Gerald Harris are all buried in Newtown Cemetery along with many of their immediate and extended family members.","Beyond the Newman family, much of this collection more generally documents Newtown, Harrisonburg's historically African American community located in the northeast section of the city. After Emancipation, this area was settled by formerly enslaved people who began purchasing lots in the Zirkle addition which was farmland located on the northeast edge of town that was newly opened up to residential development. During the 1950s and 1960s, Harrisonburg engaged in urban renewal (Project R4) during which the city identified \"blight\" areas and after acquiring homes and land under eminent domain, sold the property to developers. As a result many Black-owned homes and businesses in the Newtown area were razed, and community members were forced to relocate."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA portion of the original photographs copied for the tri-folds were provided to the Tolivers by community and family members.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["A portion of the original photographs copied for the tri-folds were provided to the Tolivers by community and family members."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, SC 0313, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, SC 0313, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Newman's manuscript was digitized per the donor's request in February 2021. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request. Numerous manuscript pages have writing on their verso side (back) though these were not scanned. All of those pages were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal description of the photographs created by the donor was largely retained within descriptive elements of the container list (e.g. thematic titles of tri-folds and item-level titles).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLoose programs and handwritten documents were removed from George Newman's notebook documenting the history of the John Wesley M. E. Church and arranged according to material type.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials related to Gerald Harris were largely kept in the same topical order in which they were received.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAllison Lyttle, JMU Libraries Music \u0026amp; Media Metadata Specialist, assisted in identifying, sorting, and describing Wendell Temple's sheet music which was donated in no discernable order.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["George Newman's manuscript was digitized per the donor's request in February 2021. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request. Numerous manuscript pages have writing on their verso side (back) though these were not scanned. All of those pages were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.","Original description of the photographs created by the donor was largely retained within descriptive elements of the container list (e.g. thematic titles of tri-folds and item-level titles).","Loose programs and handwritten documents were removed from George Newman's notebook documenting the history of the John Wesley M. E. Church and arranged according to material type.","Materials related to Gerald Harris were largely kept in the same topical order in which they were received.","Allison Lyttle, JMU Libraries Music \u0026 Media Metadata Specialist, assisted in identifying, sorting, and describing Wendell Temple's sheet music which was donated in no discernable order."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eKelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Records, 1892-1905. Accession 37081, Church records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Records, 1892-1905. Accession 37081, Church records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandson Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAccording to Ruth Toliver, George A. Newman's 480-page manuscript titled \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" is a work of fiction with autobiographical elements. The manuscript is divided into 40 chapters and begins: \"A finer estate than that of Joshua Sowers could not be found in all Virginia. We will not give the exact date, let it suffice for us to say we begin our story April the first, in a certain part of the nineteenth century. The morning was a clear, beautiful one. We locate the scene of our story in the county of Frederick, a short distance from the then small town of Winchester. The estate was rightly named Brookland, for the land was covered with brooks. Mr. Sowers owned a large mill.\" Newman introduces a character named William G. Reed as the hero of the story who is leaving Brookland for Chicago. While not explicitly discussed in the manuscript, it is presumed that both Sowers and Reed are white men. African American characters include Jack, Joshua Sowers's \"faithful servant;\" Aunt Sally, the Sowers' enslaved cook; and George, a free child who lived with Sowers. Researchers should note that the manuscript contains the use of racial slurs and further, the enslaved African American characters are depicted as speaking in a stereotypical dialect as was common practice in late 19th century American literature. George, on the other hand, \"had learned to read and write and he always spoke very fluently.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe manuscript was published for the first time in 2025 by James Madison University Libraries Press Books and was edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. The back cover book blurb provides the following context and summary: \u003cblockquote\u003e\"In the mid-1870s, a young African American educator arrived in Harrisonburg, Virginia, where he wrote a novel about antebellum life in the Shenandoah Valley. George A. Newman's A Miserable Revenge: A Story of Life in Virginia appears here in print for the first time, nearly 150 years after its composition. The earliest known example of a 'white life' novel--a Black-authored novel about white protagonists--A Miserable Revenge is set in and around Winchester, Virginia, in the 1840s. It draws on the sensationalist conventions of popular fiction of the time to spin a story of dark secrets, lost relatives, mistaken identities, crime and detection, and romance. In the novel, Newman describes the relationship between free and enslaved Black Virginians, drawing on his experience as a free Black child indentured to a white landowner in Winchester before the Civil War.\"\u003c/blockquote\u003e  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe manuscript pages are numbered in the same hand as the manuscript (George A. Newman's). The following pages are not extant and are missing from the manuscript entirely: pages 71-72, 76-82, 84, 267, 272-275, 289-291, and 375. Newman's page number for page 331 was torn away and at a later time was numbered as page 332, but contextual clues confirm that it is in fact page 331. The page was marked as such by the archivist and the incorrect page number was also retained. Only two pages are present between pages 346-349, and for both of the extant pages the page numbers are at least partially torn away rendering them illegible and their exact order unclear. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhile the manuscript is undated, writings potentially in Newman's hand and appearing on select verso pages date to 1875 and 1876. Editors of the published version of the manuscript date the document to mid-1870s. The aforementioned writings largely appear to be handwriting exercises or draft correspondence and also include a nine page essay titled \"An Essay on Truth\" which begins on the verso of page 391 continuing through page 409 on the odd page numbers with a few pages skipped. While undated, context clues within the essay, specifically an anecdote regarding New York Senator Roscoe Conkling recently returning from Europe, suggest a date of 1877. Internal evidence suggests that the remarks were likely given by Newman to the local order of the African American fraternal organization Independent Sons and Daughters of Purity, only identified in the essay by the abbreviation \"I. S. \u0026amp; D. P.\" and \"Sons \u0026amp; D. of P.\" In this same essay, Newman writes about having to keep his remarks brief due to an upcoming teacher's examination. All of the manuscript pages with writing on their versos were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeorge Newman's speech \"Observations on the Negro Problem\" primarily concerns education with commentary on industrial education, choice of occupation, and a comparison of education funding for American Indian students vs. African American students. Newman also discusses the topic of African colonization of Black individuals as proposed by \"so-called statesmen and mis-named philanthropists.\" Newman argues \"It is paradoxical to speak of sending him to a place when he is already there. We are to the manor born. This is now our native home....\" Newman recognizes that certain voting laws that require meeting educational and property qualifications are examples of \"adverse legislation,\" but argues that they might be a \"blessing in disguise.\" Newman concludes with a call for an equitably educated citizenry regardless of status. Edits made to the speech suggest that it may have originally been written circa 1902 and presented again in 1913. As such, a date of 1913 is applied to the speech given the contextual clues within despite the document being undated. A draft transcript created by Special Collections staff is filed with the speech.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTwelve cardboard tri-folds compiled by Lowell Toliver include approximately 133 facsimile photographs documenting people and places in Newtown and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood. The photograph descriptions were also compiled by Toliver as was the thematic arrangement of each tri-fold. Family names of people identified in the photographs include Harper, Tolliver/Toliver, Sampson, Yokley, Newman, Bundy, Dallard, Temple, Vickers, Brown, Nickens, and Johnson. Local churches and schools include John Wesley Methodist Church, Bethel AME Church, Effinger Street School, and Simms School. Researchers should note that the surname Toliver is spelled variously as Tolover, Tolliver, etc. in the collection. Lowell Toliver's last name was changed slightly from Tolliver to Toliver when he enlisted in the military.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSix minute books document the financial and administrative functions of the John Wesley Methodist Church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS) between 1943 and 1976. Ruby Newman Temple served as WSCS's secretary for a period of time and kept monthly minutes for the society. Member lists and membership dues are also documented in the minute books. WSCS meetings typically included prayer, scripture reading, hymn singing, a business report, and a program or a topic of discussion. WSCS engaged in community outreach by providing Christmas baskets for the sick in the community, sending sympathy cards, and making charitable donations. The Ruby Newman Temple correspondence primarily relates to her work with WSCS. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOther materials related to John Wesley Methodist Church include anniversary programs as well as member lists and a brief church history compiled by George Newman. Printed materials related to the United Methodist Church but not specific to John Wesley Methodist Church are also included. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFour hand-colored sketches by George A. Newman, son of Frederick Newman (1883-1959) are dated August 28, 1929. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaterials related to Gerald Harris largely concern his design of the turkey monuments that are located on the highway approaches into Harrisonburg and his schooling and coursework at Lucy F. Simms School, Banneker Junior High School, Theodore Roosevelt Senior High School, and Howard University. Report cards and tuition receipts are included. Of interest is a 1954 letter from A. M. Stitt, Lucy F. Simms School principal, certifying that Harris was vaccinated as well as Harris's polio vaccination card.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaterials created by Wendell Temple primarily comprise original handwritten sheet music for piano. Pieces specifically written for the organ, pianoforte, and violin are also included. The bulk of the sheet music is undated but likely dates to the mid-1930s to late 1940s. The compositions are in various states of completeness and order. Sheet music was written on lined notebook paper, blank pages of voter rolls for the 1928 presidential election, and the back of letterhead for the Castle Hall of Rockingham Star Lodge No. 72 Knights of Pythias and the Democratic Campaign Committee. Additional papers include correspondence from Temple to his mother Ruby Newman Temple and an Effinger High School report card.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmong the guests are Cuetta Howard, Valley Terrell, Hattie Washington, Phoebe Tolliver, and Julia Howard.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePictured are Marguerite Yokley, Doris Harper, Lois Rouser, Altee Beale, Bessie Goodloe, Louise Winston, Lavinia Temple, Peggy Yokley, Buddy Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Betty Yokley, Clara Bruce, Savilla Vickers, Della Harper, Betty Atkins, Norma Edmonds, Selena Duncan, Eddie Caul, Phoebe Tolliver, Vallie Terrell, [unknown first name] Stitt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePictured are all of those in 4. Formal party at Tolliver's as well as Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Yokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, and Henry Rouser.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Kokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, Henry Rouser.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRuth, Myrtle, Mary, Hattie, and Carlotta\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJessie Carter, Lowell Toliver, Bernice Tolliver, Buddy Tolliver, Theodore Tolliver\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Ruby, Hattie, Myrtle, and Ruth.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarguerite and Joe Yokley, Mattie Hollins, Phoebe and Theodore Tolliver, Willie Harper, Savilla Vickers, Martha Hollins, Carl Hollins\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDemetrius, Fred Jr., George\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are A. Stitt, Henry Vickers, Andrew Temple, Elon Rhodes, Buddy Tolliver, Harold Mitchell, and Fleming Jordan.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Ruby Temple, Phoebe Tolliver, Lottie Brown, Rev. and Mrs. Douglass Bowman, Mary Newman, Marian Bowman, Ruth Murdock, Mary Murdock, Savilla Vickers, Dennish Bundy, Gladys Bundy, Arizona Wardy, Johnny Harper, Bud Laird, and Carlotta Newman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePictured are Nettie Ray, Lottie Brown, Mary Johnson, Mary Newman, Willie Johnson, Albert Brown, Desmond Johnson, Vivian Redd, Minerva Redd, Lucille Watson, Hattie Watson, Gladys Bundy, Hattie Mitchell, Everett Howard, Fleming Jordan, Louise Winston, and \"Chip\" Johnson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Jim Guy, Arbutus Sampson, Pauline Carter, Clarence Whitelow, Lowell Toliver, and Frances Scott.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Lucy Simms, Henry Vickers, and Joseph Newman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIndentifiable are Goldie Francis and Myrtle Newman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Elon Rhodes, Joe Nickens, Edgar Johnson, Henry Rouser, Everett Howard, Lorenzo Strother, and Alfred Howard.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Ruth Jones, Lois Rouser, Clara Bruce, Betty Yokley, Stitts, \"Duke\" Duncan, Edgar Johnson, Wilhelmina Johnson, Frank Duncan, Peggy Howard, Theodore and Phoebe Tolliver, and Everett Howard.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Willie Harper, Frank Duncan, Willie Bryant, and Theodore Tolliver.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eQueen for Eastern Star Organization.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProfessional athlete.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePh.D., University of Iowa.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOrdained United Methodist minister.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProfessional athlete.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLowell Toliver, Justin Banks, Carlton, Banks, Chief Z, and Marc Shifflett.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTranscript included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a composition notebook with the label \"The property of G. A. Newman, Recording Steward, John Wesley M. E. Church.\" The titled lists include Charter Members of John Wesley M. E. Church Organized October 1865, Deceased Superintendents of John Wesley M. E. Church School, and Partial list of Deceased Members of John Wesley M. E. Church. An untitled list includes member names by street and another just includes member names. These documents appear to be largely in the hand of George A. Newman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Vesper Choir of Mother A. M. E. Zion Cathedral [New York] Presents The Sanctuary Choristers program dated April 28, 1968 is inscribed to Ruby [E. Temple] from Lydia [M. Rogers].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Dedicated to Rudolph Friml for the inspiration received from his \"Indian Love Call.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a lock of hair tied with a red ribbon.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandson Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown.","According to Ruth Toliver, George A. Newman's 480-page manuscript titled \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" is a work of fiction with autobiographical elements. The manuscript is divided into 40 chapters and begins: \"A finer estate than that of Joshua Sowers could not be found in all Virginia. We will not give the exact date, let it suffice for us to say we begin our story April the first, in a certain part of the nineteenth century. The morning was a clear, beautiful one. We locate the scene of our story in the county of Frederick, a short distance from the then small town of Winchester. The estate was rightly named Brookland, for the land was covered with brooks. Mr. Sowers owned a large mill.\" Newman introduces a character named William G. Reed as the hero of the story who is leaving Brookland for Chicago. While not explicitly discussed in the manuscript, it is presumed that both Sowers and Reed are white men. African American characters include Jack, Joshua Sowers's \"faithful servant;\" Aunt Sally, the Sowers' enslaved cook; and George, a free child who lived with Sowers. Researchers should note that the manuscript contains the use of racial slurs and further, the enslaved African American characters are depicted as speaking in a stereotypical dialect as was common practice in late 19th century American literature. George, on the other hand, \"had learned to read and write and he always spoke very fluently.\" ","The manuscript was published for the first time in 2025 by James Madison University Libraries Press Books and was edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. The back cover book blurb provides the following context and summary:  \"In the mid-1870s, a young African American educator arrived in Harrisonburg, Virginia, where he wrote a novel about antebellum life in the Shenandoah Valley. George A. Newman's A Miserable Revenge: A Story of Life in Virginia appears here in print for the first time, nearly 150 years after its composition. The earliest known example of a 'white life' novel--a Black-authored novel about white protagonists--A Miserable Revenge is set in and around Winchester, Virginia, in the 1840s. It draws on the sensationalist conventions of popular fiction of the time to spin a story of dark secrets, lost relatives, mistaken identities, crime and detection, and romance. In the novel, Newman describes the relationship between free and enslaved Black Virginians, drawing on his experience as a free Black child indentured to a white landowner in Winchester before the Civil War.\"","The manuscript pages are numbered in the same hand as the manuscript (George A. Newman's). The following pages are not extant and are missing from the manuscript entirely: pages 71-72, 76-82, 84, 267, 272-275, 289-291, and 375. Newman's page number for page 331 was torn away and at a later time was numbered as page 332, but contextual clues confirm that it is in fact page 331. The page was marked as such by the archivist and the incorrect page number was also retained. Only two pages are present between pages 346-349, and for both of the extant pages the page numbers are at least partially torn away rendering them illegible and their exact order unclear. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.","While the manuscript is undated, writings potentially in Newman's hand and appearing on select verso pages date to 1875 and 1876. Editors of the published version of the manuscript date the document to mid-1870s. The aforementioned writings largely appear to be handwriting exercises or draft correspondence and also include a nine page essay titled \"An Essay on Truth\" which begins on the verso of page 391 continuing through page 409 on the odd page numbers with a few pages skipped. While undated, context clues within the essay, specifically an anecdote regarding New York Senator Roscoe Conkling recently returning from Europe, suggest a date of 1877. Internal evidence suggests that the remarks were likely given by Newman to the local order of the African American fraternal organization Independent Sons and Daughters of Purity, only identified in the essay by the abbreviation \"I. S. \u0026 D. P.\" and \"Sons \u0026 D. of P.\" In this same essay, Newman writes about having to keep his remarks brief due to an upcoming teacher's examination. All of the manuscript pages with writing on their versos were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper.","George Newman's speech \"Observations on the Negro Problem\" primarily concerns education with commentary on industrial education, choice of occupation, and a comparison of education funding for American Indian students vs. African American students. Newman also discusses the topic of African colonization of Black individuals as proposed by \"so-called statesmen and mis-named philanthropists.\" Newman argues \"It is paradoxical to speak of sending him to a place when he is already there. We are to the manor born. This is now our native home....\" Newman recognizes that certain voting laws that require meeting educational and property qualifications are examples of \"adverse legislation,\" but argues that they might be a \"blessing in disguise.\" Newman concludes with a call for an equitably educated citizenry regardless of status. Edits made to the speech suggest that it may have originally been written circa 1902 and presented again in 1913. As such, a date of 1913 is applied to the speech given the contextual clues within despite the document being undated. A draft transcript created by Special Collections staff is filed with the speech.","Twelve cardboard tri-folds compiled by Lowell Toliver include approximately 133 facsimile photographs documenting people and places in Newtown and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood. The photograph descriptions were also compiled by Toliver as was the thematic arrangement of each tri-fold. Family names of people identified in the photographs include Harper, Tolliver/Toliver, Sampson, Yokley, Newman, Bundy, Dallard, Temple, Vickers, Brown, Nickens, and Johnson. Local churches and schools include John Wesley Methodist Church, Bethel AME Church, Effinger Street School, and Simms School. Researchers should note that the surname Toliver is spelled variously as Tolover, Tolliver, etc. in the collection. Lowell Toliver's last name was changed slightly from Tolliver to Toliver when he enlisted in the military.","Six minute books document the financial and administrative functions of the John Wesley Methodist Church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS) between 1943 and 1976. Ruby Newman Temple served as WSCS's secretary for a period of time and kept monthly minutes for the society. Member lists and membership dues are also documented in the minute books. WSCS meetings typically included prayer, scripture reading, hymn singing, a business report, and a program or a topic of discussion. WSCS engaged in community outreach by providing Christmas baskets for the sick in the community, sending sympathy cards, and making charitable donations. The Ruby Newman Temple correspondence primarily relates to her work with WSCS. ","Other materials related to John Wesley Methodist Church include anniversary programs as well as member lists and a brief church history compiled by George Newman. Printed materials related to the United Methodist Church but not specific to John Wesley Methodist Church are also included. ","Four hand-colored sketches by George A. Newman, son of Frederick Newman (1883-1959) are dated August 28, 1929. ","Materials related to Gerald Harris largely concern his design of the turkey monuments that are located on the highway approaches into Harrisonburg and his schooling and coursework at Lucy F. Simms School, Banneker Junior High School, Theodore Roosevelt Senior High School, and Howard University. Report cards and tuition receipts are included. Of interest is a 1954 letter from A. M. Stitt, Lucy F. Simms School principal, certifying that Harris was vaccinated as well as Harris's polio vaccination card.","Materials created by Wendell Temple primarily comprise original handwritten sheet music for piano. Pieces specifically written for the organ, pianoforte, and violin are also included. The bulk of the sheet music is undated but likely dates to the mid-1930s to late 1940s. The compositions are in various states of completeness and order. Sheet music was written on lined notebook paper, blank pages of voter rolls for the 1928 presidential election, and the back of letterhead for the Castle Hall of Rockingham Star Lodge No. 72 Knights of Pythias and the Democratic Campaign Committee. Additional papers include correspondence from Temple to his mother Ruby Newman Temple and an Effinger High School report card.","Among the guests are Cuetta Howard, Valley Terrell, Hattie Washington, Phoebe Tolliver, and Julia Howard.","Pictured are Marguerite Yokley, Doris Harper, Lois Rouser, Altee Beale, Bessie Goodloe, Louise Winston, Lavinia Temple, Peggy Yokley, Buddy Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Betty Yokley, Clara Bruce, Savilla Vickers, Della Harper, Betty Atkins, Norma Edmonds, Selena Duncan, Eddie Caul, Phoebe Tolliver, Vallie Terrell, [unknown first name] Stitt.","Pictured are all of those in 4. Formal party at Tolliver's as well as Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Yokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, and Henry Rouser.","Included are Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Kokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, Henry Rouser.","Ruth, Myrtle, Mary, Hattie, and Carlotta","Jessie Carter, Lowell Toliver, Bernice Tolliver, Buddy Tolliver, Theodore Tolliver","Included are Ruby, Hattie, Myrtle, and Ruth.","Marguerite and Joe Yokley, Mattie Hollins, Phoebe and Theodore Tolliver, Willie Harper, Savilla Vickers, Martha Hollins, Carl Hollins","Demetrius, Fred Jr., George","Included are A. Stitt, Henry Vickers, Andrew Temple, Elon Rhodes, Buddy Tolliver, Harold Mitchell, and Fleming Jordan.","Included are Ruby Temple, Phoebe Tolliver, Lottie Brown, Rev. and Mrs. Douglass Bowman, Mary Newman, Marian Bowman, Ruth Murdock, Mary Murdock, Savilla Vickers, Dennish Bundy, Gladys Bundy, Arizona Wardy, Johnny Harper, Bud Laird, and Carlotta Newman.","Pictured are Nettie Ray, Lottie Brown, Mary Johnson, Mary Newman, Willie Johnson, Albert Brown, Desmond Johnson, Vivian Redd, Minerva Redd, Lucille Watson, Hattie Watson, Gladys Bundy, Hattie Mitchell, Everett Howard, Fleming Jordan, Louise Winston, and \"Chip\" Johnson.","Included are Jim Guy, Arbutus Sampson, Pauline Carter, Clarence Whitelow, Lowell Toliver, and Frances Scott.","Included are Lucy Simms, Henry Vickers, and Joseph Newman.","Indentifiable are Goldie Francis and Myrtle Newman.","Included are Elon Rhodes, Joe Nickens, Edgar Johnson, Henry Rouser, Everett Howard, Lorenzo Strother, and Alfred Howard.","Included are Ruth Jones, Lois Rouser, Clara Bruce, Betty Yokley, Stitts, \"Duke\" Duncan, Edgar Johnson, Wilhelmina Johnson, Frank Duncan, Peggy Howard, Theodore and Phoebe Tolliver, and Everett Howard.","Included are Willie Harper, Frank Duncan, Willie Bryant, and Theodore Tolliver.","Queen for Eastern Star Organization.","Professional athlete.","Ph.D., University of Iowa.","Ordained United Methodist minister.","Professional athlete.","Lowell Toliver, Justin Banks, Carlton, Banks, Chief Z, and Marc Shifflett.","Transcript included.","Includes a composition notebook with the label \"The property of G. A. Newman, Recording Steward, John Wesley M. E. Church.\" The titled lists include Charter Members of John Wesley M. E. Church Organized October 1865, Deceased Superintendents of John Wesley M. E. Church School, and Partial list of Deceased Members of John Wesley M. E. Church. An untitled list includes member names by street and another just includes member names. These documents appear to be largely in the hand of George A. Newman.","The Vesper Choir of Mother A. M. E. Zion Cathedral [New York] Presents The Sanctuary Choristers program dated April 28, 1968 is inscribed to Ruby [E. Temple] from Lydia [M. Rogers].","\"Dedicated to Rudolph Friml for the inspiration received from his \"Indian Love Call.\"","Includes a lock of hair tied with a red ribbon."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOne copy of the pamphlet Seventy-fifth Anniversary of the John Wesley Methodist Church, Harrisonburg, Virginia, October 20th through 27th, 1940 was removed from the collection and cataloged separately as part of Special Collections' rare book holdings. A second copy remains in the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["One copy of the pamphlet Seventy-fifth Anniversary of the John Wesley Methodist Church, Harrisonburg, Virginia, October 20th through 27th, 1940 was removed from the collection and cataloged separately as part of Special Collections' rare book holdings. A second copy remains in the collection."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_4bcb0d86958b487646d5b5f8bec1dc4e\"\u003eThe Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandsons Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) and Wendell Temple (1923-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandsons Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) and Wendell Temple (1923-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown."],"names_coll_ssim":["Lucy F. Simms School (Public school)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Woman's Society of Christian Service","Effinger Street School","Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Lucy F. Simms School (Public school)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Woman's Society of Christian Service","Effinger Street School","Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Newtown, Rockingham County, Va.)","Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005","Allen, Doris Harper, 1927-2021","Rhodes, Elon W. (Elon Walter), 1922-2006","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Fairfax, Mary Awkard, 1912-2006","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Dickerson, Eugene, (Physician)","Friml, Rudolf, 1879-1972"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Lucy F. Simms School (Public school)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Woman's Society of Christian Service","Effinger Street School","Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Newtown, Rockingham County, Va.)"],"persname_ssim":["Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005","Allen, Doris Harper, 1927-2021","Rhodes, Elon W. (Elon Walter), 1922-2006","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Fairfax, Mary Awkard, 1912-2006","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Dickerson, Eugene, (Physician)","Friml, Rudolf, 1879-1972"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":192,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:22:06.237Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_644_c06"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"James Madison University","value":"James Madison University","hits":8},"links":{"remove":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1947\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subgroup\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1947\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subgroup\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Ernest M. Dickerman papers","value":"Ernest M. Dickerman papers","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Ernest+M.+Dickerman+papers\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1947\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subgroup\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Robert James Sullivan Jr. papers","value":"Robert James Sullivan Jr. papers","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Robert+James+Sullivan+Jr.+papers\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1947\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subgroup\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers","value":"Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Ruth+and+Lowell+Toliver+Collection+of+Newman+Family+Papers\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1947\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subgroup\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Student Government Association records","value":"Student Government Association records","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Student+Government+Association+records\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1947\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subgroup\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"U.S. Forest Service, George Washington National Forest, Dry River District records","value":"U.S. Forest Service, George Washington National Forest, Dry River District records","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=U.S.+Forest+Service%2C+George+Washington+National+Forest%2C+Dry+River+District+records\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1947\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subgroup\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"University Communications and Marketing records","value":"University Communications and Marketing records","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=University+Communications+and+Marketing+records\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1947\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subgroup\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/collection_ssim.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1947\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subgroup\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University"}},{"type":"facet","id":"date_range_isim","attributes":{"label":"Date range","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"1893","value":"1893","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1947\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1893\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subgroup\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1894","value":"1894","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1947\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1894\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subgroup\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1895","value":"1895","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1947\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subgroup\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1896","value":"1896","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1947\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1896\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subgroup\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1897","value":"1897","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1947\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1897\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subgroup\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1898","value":"1898","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1947\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1898\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subgroup\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1899","value":"1899","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1947\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1899\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subgroup\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1900","value":"1900","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1947\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1900\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subgroup\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1901","value":"1901","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1947\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1901\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subgroup\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1902","value":"1902","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1947\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1902\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subgroup\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1903","value":"1903","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1947\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1903\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subgroup\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/date_range_isim.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1947\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subgroup\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University"}},{"type":"facet","id":"names_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Names","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Allen, Doris Harper, 1927-2021","value":"Allen, Doris Harper, 1927-2021","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1947\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subgroup\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Allen%2C+Doris+Harper%2C+1927-2021\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Campanelli, Lou","value":"Campanelli, Lou","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1947\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subgroup\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Campanelli%2C+Lou\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Dickerson, Eugene, (Physician)","value":"Dickerson, Eugene, (Physician)","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1947\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subgroup\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Dickerson%2C+Eugene%2C+%28Physician%29\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Dingledine, Raymond C., Jr., 1919-1990","value":"Dingledine, Raymond C., Jr., 1919-1990","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1947\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subgroup\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Dingledine%2C+Raymond+C.%2C+Jr.%2C+1919-1990\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Driesell, Lefty, 1931-2024","value":"Driesell, Lefty, 1931-2024","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1947\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subgroup\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Driesell%2C+Lefty%2C+1931-2024\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Effinger Street School","value":"Effinger Street School","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1947\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subgroup\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Effinger+Street+School\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Fairfax, Mary Awkard, 1912-2006","value":"Fairfax, Mary Awkard, 1912-2006","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1947\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subgroup\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Fairfax%2C+Mary+Awkard%2C+1912-2006\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","value":"Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1947\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subgroup\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Harris%2C+Austin+Gerald%2C+1941-2005\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","value":"Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1947\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subgroup\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Harris%2C+W.N.P.+%28William+Nelson+Pendleton%29%2C+1881-1977\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Jenkins, Marie M. (Marie Magdalen), 1909-1997","value":"Jenkins, Marie M. (Marie Magdalen), 1909-1997","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1947\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subgroup\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Jenkins%2C+Marie+M.+%28Marie+Magdalen%29%2C+1909-1997\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Jennings, Lillian Pegues, 1926-2016","value":"Jennings, Lillian Pegues, 1926-2016","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1947\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subgroup\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Jennings%2C+Lillian+Pegues%2C+1926-2016\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/names_ssim.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1947\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subgroup\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University"}},{"type":"facet","id":"level_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Level","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Subgroup","value":"Subgroup","hits":8},"links":{"remove":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1947\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subgroup\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/level_ssim.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1947\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subgroup\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"all_fields","attributes":{"label":"All Fields"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1947\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subgroup\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"keyword","attributes":{"label":"Keyword"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1947\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subgroup\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University\u0026search_field=keyword"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"name","attributes":{"label":"Name"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1947\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subgroup\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University\u0026search_field=name"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"place","attributes":{"label":"Place"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1947\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subgroup\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University\u0026search_field=place"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"subject","attributes":{"label":"Subject"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1947\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subgroup\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University\u0026search_field=subject"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"title","attributes":{"label":"Title"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1947\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subgroup\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University\u0026search_field=title"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"container","attributes":{"label":"Container"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1947\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subgroup\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University\u0026search_field=container"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"identifier","attributes":{"label":"Identifier"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1947\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subgroup\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University\u0026search_field=identifier"}},{"type":"sort","id":"score desc, title_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"relevance"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1947\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subgroup\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University\u0026sort=score+desc%2C+title_sort+asc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"date_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"date (ascending)"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1947\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subgroup\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University\u0026sort=date_sort+asc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"date_sort desc","attributes":{"label":"date (descending)"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1947\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subgroup\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University\u0026sort=date_sort+desc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"creator_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"creator (A-Z)"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1947\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subgroup\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University\u0026sort=creator_sort+asc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"creator_sort desc","attributes":{"label":"creator (Z-A)"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1947\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subgroup\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University\u0026sort=creator_sort+desc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"title_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"title (A-Z)"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1947\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subgroup\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University\u0026sort=title_sort+asc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"title_sort desc","attributes":{"label":"title (Z-A)"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1947\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subgroup\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University\u0026sort=title_sort+desc"}}]}