{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1944\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University\u0026page=11","prev":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1944\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University\u0026page=10","next":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1944\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University\u0026page=12","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1944\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University\u0026page=111"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":11,"next_page":12,"prev_page":10,"total_pages":111,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":100,"total_count":1103,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_521_c176","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Breen's Correspondence and Notes, 1943/1951","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_521_c176#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_521_c176","ref_ssm":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_521_c176"],"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_521_c176","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_521","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_521","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_521","parent_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_521","parent_ssim":["Robert and Wilva Breen papers, 1831/2000"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_521"],"title_filing_ssi":"Breen's Correspondence and Notes","title_ssm":["Breen's Correspondence and Notes"],"title_tesim":["Breen's Correspondence and Notes"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Breen's Correspondence and Notes, 1943/1951"],"text":["Breen's Correspondence and Notes, 1943/1951","Robert and Wilva Breen papers, 1831/2000","Box 15","Folder 8"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Robert and Wilva Breen papers, 1831/2000"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Robert and Wilva Breen papers, 1831/2000"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1943/1951"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1943 - 1951"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":176,"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"collection_ssim":["Robert and Wilva Breen papers, 1831/2000"],"containers_ssim":["Box 15","Folder 8"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Box 35, Folder 12; Box 36, Folder 1; and Box 70, Folder 18 are restricted due to their physical fragility.","Box 89, Folder 8 and 9 are restricted due to personally identifiable information.","There are no other access restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)."],"date_range_isim":[1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951],"_nest_path_":"/components#175","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:35:01.774Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_521","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_521","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_521","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_521","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_521.xml","title_ssm":["Robert and Wilva Breen papers"],"title_tesim":["Robert and Wilva Breen papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1834, 1933-2000s"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1834, 1933-2000s"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1831/2000"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Robert and Wilva Breen papers, 1831/2000"],"text":["Robert and Wilva Breen papers, 1831/2000","C0004","/repositories/2/resources/521","Helsingør (Denmark)","Broadway (New York, N.Y.)","Ballet","Theater and society","Theater -- Europe -- History -- 20th century","Theater -- New York (State) -- New York","Theater -- United States -- History -- 20th century","Theater -- United States","World War, 1939-1945 -- Theater and the war","Theater programs","Experimental theater -- United States","Theater -- Europe","Theater -- Production and direction","Performing arts","Theater","Theatrical posters","Photographs","Box 35, Folder 12; Box 36, Folder 1; and Box 70, Folder 18 are restricted due to their physical fragility.","Box 89, Folder 8 and 9 are restricted due to personally identifiable information.","There are no other access restrictions.","Many of the audiotape reels found in this collection were converted to digital format and are available for use. Please contact SCRC for more information.","The collection was originally arranged by subject and then topic. Additional accessions were added and arranged in the order they arrived in Special Collections Research Center.","Strom, Stephanie. \"Robert Breen, 80, Arts Executive And Theatrical Producer, Is Dead.\" Nytimes.com.  (accessed December 12, 2018).","Oliver, Myrna. \"Robert Breen; Initiated Cultural Exchanges.\" Articles.latimes.com.  (accessed December 12, 2018).","Riedel, Michael. \"This theater's chaotic history includes a Titanic survivor, the 'Tonight' show and porn.\" Nypost.com.  (accessed December 12, 2018).","ANTA West records (Collection 1965). UCLA Library Special Collections, Charles E. Young Research Library, UCLA.  (accessed December 12, 2018).","Robert Breen, born December 26, 1909 in Hibbing, Minnesota, served as the Executive Secretary of the American National Theatre and Academy (ANTA) from 1946-1952, and was instrumental in much of the organization's success, both domestically and internationally. In addition to serving in the U.S. Army Air Corps, Breen had an extensive background in theater. Prior to joining ANTA, Breen founded a theater program at the College of St. Thomas in Saint Paul, Minnesota, as well as established the Chicago unit for the Works Progress Administration's Federal Theatre Project with his wife, Wilva Davis Breen. Wilva herself was instrumental in promoting and guiding ANTA's many and varied operations, and getting the organization off the ground. The Breens' apartment home - situated above the Hudson Theatre in New York City, NY - served as ANTA's early headquarters. Davis Breen served as Breen's constant support and collaborator until he passed away on March 31, 1990.","The American National Theatre and Academy (ANTA) was the United States' first national theater and dance organization, in the tradition of European national theaters. Originating in 1935 with a charter from the U.S. Congress, ANTA continued until 1966 when the National Endowment for the Arts came into being. ANTA was responsible for both the presentation of American theater in the U.S. and abroad.","Although officially formed in 1935, ANTA did not begin actual operation until 1946 due to a variety of factors, including the Great Depression and World War II. During the depression, federal funding was funnelled towards the Works Progress Administration's Federal Theatre Project, another national performing arts program. In addition to these setbacks, the ANTA board, comprised of prominent citizens and business leaders from outside the theater community, could not agree on the goals of ANTA. Eventually, Robert Breen and Robert Porterfield, two men with Army and theater backgrounds, took the reins of ANTA and initiated its revitalization. Porterfield and Breen developed ANTA's \"Foundation Plan,\" with the intention of having ANTA become the foundation for and driving force behind the stimulation of growth of American theater. The plan, successfully undertaken by Breen, Porterfield, and Breen's wife Wilva Davis Breen, called for a National Foundation to make loans and grants, insure theater projects against loss, as well as a National Service Bureau to provide technical assistance for acting companies, as well as a national clearing house for theater information. The plan was adopted by the ANTA Board in 1946.","Under the guidance of Breen, ANTA produced several projects in the U.S. with successful results during the postwar years. From 1946 - 1948, ANTA sponsored a series of plays called the Experimental Theatre. Its goal was to \"present new, interesting plays which would not see production on Broadway due to present high costs.\" Admittedly, the plays were \"not necessarily perfect\" but \"worthy of a trial production in a simplified fashion\" according to an ANTA letter offering subscription to the series, which included high profile playwrights and actors. During the late 1940s and early 1950s ANTA sponsored a number of drama festivals across the U.S., featuring well-known actors. ANTA also featured a televised production of short plays for NBC television. With the intention of promoting theater growth in the U.S. and showcasing new talent, ANTA produced, supported, and promoted theater projects all across the United States.","Internationally, ANTA promoted artistic exchange between the U.S. and Europe, and entertained American troops there. This was initiated with a 1949 tour of William Shakespeare's \"Hamlet\" throughout Europe, produced by and starring Breen in the titular role. This tour famously culminated in a performance at Elsinore Castle in Denmark - the actual setting of the play. Perhaps ANTA's, as well as Breen's, greatest success came with the international tour of George Gershwin's \"Porgy and Bess\" (produced with Blevins Davis), which toured from 1952-1956, visiting 89 cities and 29 countries. The opera's performance in the Soviet Union was considered the first cultural exchange post-World War II between the U.S. and the Soviet Union. ANTA also sponsored the American National Ballet Theatre's tour of Europe in 1950, performing in eighteen cities and eight countries. The tour lasted from August to December of 1950 and played to an audience of over 150,000, and was the first international tour of any American ballet company.","ANTA also produced a number of Broadway plays and musicals out of the formerly named Guild Hall Theatre, renamed the ANTA Theatre in the 1960s and 1970s. ANTA West, which grew out of the Greater Los Angeles Chapter of ANTA in 1957, promoted and facilitated the growth of theater in the Southern California region.","Part of the Robert and Wilva Breen papers was donated to The Ohio State University.","The Special Collections Research Center does not have the equipment necessary to play  obsolete audiovisual material found in the found in the Robert and Wilva Breen papers. Additional time and money may be required to digitize this material for access.","Processed by Special Collections Research Center Staff. EAD markup completed in February 2009 by Jordan Patty. Reprocessed by Amanda Brent from 2017-2018. EAD markup completed by Amanda Brent in December 2018.","Special Collections Research Center also holds the , the , the , and many other","The Ohio State University Libraries' Jerome Lawrence and Robert E. Lee Theatre Research Institute holds the","The UCLA Library Special Collections, Charles E. Young Research Library holds the","The Robert and Wilva Breen papers consists of correspondence, memoranda, newsclippings, photographs, notebooks, and audiovisual materials largely related to the creation and running of the American National Theater and Academy (ANTA), as well as Robert and Wilva Breen's long-term involvement with the organization from 1944 through the 1950s. The collection also contains many photographs of theaters and theatrical performances from across the United States, including from Broadway and Off-Broadway theaters and shows, as well as numerous colleges, universities, high schools, and local children's theaters. The bulk of the collection originates from the 1940s - 2000s, with an outlier date of 1834 from an antique newspaper.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/).","The Robert and Wilva Breen papers consists of correspondence, memoranda, newsclippings, photographs, notebooks, and audiovisual materials largely related to the creation and running of the American National Theater and Academy (ANTA), as well as Robert and Wilva Breen's long-term involvement with the organization. The bulk of the collection originates from 1933 - 2000s, with an outlier date of 1834 from an antique newspaper.","R2, C9, S3- C11, S7\nR3 C1 S1 - C2, S5\nOSR3, C4, S4\nMap Case 8.1-8.2, 9.1","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","American National Ballet Theater","American National Theatre and Academy","ANTA (Organization)","ANTA West (Organization)","Breen, Robert","Breen, Wilva","Porterfield, Robert, 1905-1971","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Robert and Wilva Breen papers, 1831/2000"],"collection_ssim":["Robert and Wilva Breen papers, 1831/2000"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0004","/repositories/2/resources/521"],"unitid_tesim":["C0004","/repositories/2/resources/521"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["Helsingør (Denmark)","Broadway (New York, N.Y.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Helsingør (Denmark)","Broadway (New York, N.Y.)"],"places_ssim":["Helsingør (Denmark)","Broadway (New York, N.Y.)"],"creator_ssm":["Breen, Robert","Breen, Wilva"],"creator_ssim":["Breen, Robert","Breen, Wilva"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Breen, Robert","Breen, Wilva","Porterfield, Robert, 1905-1971"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","American National Ballet Theater","American National Theatre and Academy","ANTA (Organization)","ANTA West (Organization)"],"creators_ssim":["Breen, Robert","Breen, Wilva","Porterfield, Robert, 1905-1971","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","American National Ballet Theater","American National Theatre and Academy","ANTA (Organization)","ANTA West (Organization)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was donated by the trustees of the Robert and Wilva Breen papers in 1988, and Wilva Breen and The Ohio State University in 1989. There were multiple accessions of materials throughout the 1990s. Additional materials were donated by Diana Lawrence and Mike Timoney in 2011."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Ballet","Theater and society","Theater -- Europe -- History -- 20th century","Theater -- New York (State) -- New York","Theater -- United States -- History -- 20th century","Theater -- United States","World War, 1939-1945 -- Theater and the war","Theater programs","Experimental theater -- United States","Theater -- Europe","Theater -- Production and direction","Performing arts","Theater","Theatrical posters","Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Ballet","Theater and society","Theater -- Europe -- History -- 20th century","Theater -- New York (State) -- New York","Theater -- United States -- History -- 20th century","Theater -- United States","World War, 1939-1945 -- Theater and the war","Theater programs","Experimental theater -- United States","Theater -- Europe","Theater -- Production and direction","Performing arts","Theater","Theatrical posters","Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["80.5 Linear Feet 207 boxes, 1 map case"],"extent_tesim":["80.5 Linear Feet 207 boxes, 1 map case"],"genreform_ssim":["Theatrical posters","Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBox 35, Folder 12; Box 36, Folder 1; and Box 70, Folder 18 are restricted due to their physical fragility.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 89, Folder 8 and 9 are restricted due to personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are no other access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Box 35, Folder 12; Box 36, Folder 1; and Box 70, Folder 18 are restricted due to their physical fragility.","Box 89, Folder 8 and 9 are restricted due to personally identifiable information.","There are no other access restrictions."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMany of the audiotape reels found in this collection were converted to digital format and are available for use. Please contact SCRC for more information.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternative Form Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["Many of the audiotape reels found in this collection were converted to digital format and are available for use. Please contact SCRC for more information."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection was originally arranged by subject and then topic. Additional accessions were added and arranged in the order they arrived in Special Collections Research Center.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection was originally arranged by subject and then topic. Additional accessions were added and arranged in the order they arrived in Special Collections Research Center."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eStrom, Stephanie. \"Robert Breen, 80, Arts Executive And Theatrical Producer, Is Dead.\" Nytimes.com. \u003cbibref\u003e\u003cextptr href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/1990/04/02/obituaries/robert-breen-80-arts-executive-and-theatrical-producer-is-dead.html\" title=\"https://www.nytimes.com/1990/04/02/obituaries/robert-breen-80-arts-executive-and-theatrical-producer-is-dead.html\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003e (accessed December 12, 2018).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOliver, Myrna. \"Robert Breen; Initiated Cultural Exchanges.\" Articles.latimes.com. \u003cbibref\u003e\u003cextptr href=\"http://articles.latimes.com/1990-04-05/news/mn-617_1_robert-breen\" title=\"http://articles.latimes.com/1990-04-05/news/mn-617_1_robert-breen\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003e (accessed December 12, 2018).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRiedel, Michael. \"This theater's chaotic history includes a Titanic survivor, the 'Tonight' show and porn.\" Nypost.com. \u003cbibref\u003e\u003cextptr href=\"https://nypost.com/2017/03/28/this-theaters-chaotic-history-includes-a-titanic-survivor-the-tonight-show-and-porn/\" title=\"https://nypost.com/2017/03/28/this-theaters-chaotic-history-includes-a-titanic-survivor-the-tonight-show-and-porn/\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003e (accessed December 12, 2018).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eANTA West records (Collection 1965). UCLA Library Special Collections, Charles E. Young Research Library, UCLA. \u003cbibref\u003e\u003cextptr href=\"https://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/c8fn1762/\" title=\"https://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/c8fn1762/\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003e (accessed December 12, 2018).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Strom, Stephanie. \"Robert Breen, 80, Arts Executive And Theatrical Producer, Is Dead.\" Nytimes.com.  (accessed December 12, 2018).","Oliver, Myrna. \"Robert Breen; Initiated Cultural Exchanges.\" Articles.latimes.com.  (accessed December 12, 2018).","Riedel, Michael. \"This theater's chaotic history includes a Titanic survivor, the 'Tonight' show and porn.\" Nypost.com.  (accessed December 12, 2018).","ANTA West records (Collection 1965). UCLA Library Special Collections, Charles E. Young Research Library, UCLA.  (accessed December 12, 2018)."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRobert Breen, born December 26, 1909 in Hibbing, Minnesota, served as the Executive Secretary of the American National Theatre and Academy (ANTA) from 1946-1952, and was instrumental in much of the organization's success, both domestically and internationally. In addition to serving in the U.S. Army Air Corps, Breen had an extensive background in theater. Prior to joining ANTA, Breen founded a theater program at the College of St. Thomas in Saint Paul, Minnesota, as well as established the Chicago unit for the Works Progress Administration's Federal Theatre Project with his wife, Wilva Davis Breen. Wilva herself was instrumental in promoting and guiding ANTA's many and varied operations, and getting the organization off the ground. The Breens' apartment home - situated above the Hudson Theatre in New York City, NY - served as ANTA's early headquarters. Davis Breen served as Breen's constant support and collaborator until he passed away on March 31, 1990.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The American National Theatre and Academy (ANTA) was the United States' first national theater and dance organization, in the tradition of European national theaters. Originating in 1935 with a charter from the U.S. Congress, ANTA continued until 1966 when the National Endowment for the Arts came into being. ANTA was responsible for both the presentation of American theater in the U.S. and abroad.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Although officially formed in 1935, ANTA did not begin actual operation until 1946 due to a variety of factors, including the Great Depression and World War II. During the depression, federal funding was funnelled towards the Works Progress Administration's Federal Theatre Project, another national performing arts program. In addition to these setbacks, the ANTA board, comprised of prominent citizens and business leaders from outside the theater community, could not agree on the goals of ANTA. Eventually, Robert Breen and Robert Porterfield, two men with Army and theater backgrounds, took the reins of ANTA and initiated its revitalization. Porterfield and Breen developed ANTA's \"Foundation Plan,\" with the intention of having ANTA become the foundation for and driving force behind the stimulation of growth of American theater. The plan, successfully undertaken by Breen, Porterfield, and Breen's wife Wilva Davis Breen, called for a National Foundation to make loans and grants, insure theater projects against loss, as well as a National Service Bureau to provide technical assistance for acting companies, as well as a national clearing house for theater information. The plan was adopted by the ANTA Board in 1946.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Under the guidance of Breen, ANTA produced several projects in the U.S. with successful results during the postwar years. From 1946 - 1948, ANTA sponsored a series of plays called the Experimental Theatre. Its goal was to \"present new, interesting plays which would not see production on Broadway due to present high costs.\" Admittedly, the plays were \"not necessarily perfect\" but \"worthy of a trial production in a simplified fashion\" according to an ANTA letter offering subscription to the series, which included high profile playwrights and actors. During the late 1940s and early 1950s ANTA sponsored a number of drama festivals across the U.S., featuring well-known actors. ANTA also featured a televised production of short plays for NBC television. With the intention of promoting theater growth in the U.S. and showcasing new talent, ANTA produced, supported, and promoted theater projects all across the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Internationally, ANTA promoted artistic exchange between the U.S. and Europe, and entertained American troops there. This was initiated with a 1949 tour of William Shakespeare's \"Hamlet\" throughout Europe, produced by and starring Breen in the titular role. This tour famously culminated in a performance at Elsinore Castle in Denmark - the actual setting of the play. Perhaps ANTA's, as well as Breen's, greatest success came with the international tour of George Gershwin's \"Porgy and Bess\" (produced with Blevins Davis), which toured from 1952-1956, visiting 89 cities and 29 countries. The opera's performance in the Soviet Union was considered the first cultural exchange post-World War II between the U.S. and the Soviet Union. ANTA also sponsored the American National Ballet Theatre's tour of Europe in 1950, performing in eighteen cities and eight countries. The tour lasted from August to December of 1950 and played to an audience of over 150,000, and was the first international tour of any American ballet company.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e ANTA also produced a number of Broadway plays and musicals out of the formerly named Guild Hall Theatre, renamed the ANTA Theatre in the 1960s and 1970s. ANTA West, which grew out of the Greater Los Angeles Chapter of ANTA in 1957, promoted and facilitated the growth of theater in the Southern California region.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical and Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Robert Breen, born December 26, 1909 in Hibbing, Minnesota, served as the Executive Secretary of the American National Theatre and Academy (ANTA) from 1946-1952, and was instrumental in much of the organization's success, both domestically and internationally. In addition to serving in the U.S. Army Air Corps, Breen had an extensive background in theater. Prior to joining ANTA, Breen founded a theater program at the College of St. Thomas in Saint Paul, Minnesota, as well as established the Chicago unit for the Works Progress Administration's Federal Theatre Project with his wife, Wilva Davis Breen. Wilva herself was instrumental in promoting and guiding ANTA's many and varied operations, and getting the organization off the ground. The Breens' apartment home - situated above the Hudson Theatre in New York City, NY - served as ANTA's early headquarters. Davis Breen served as Breen's constant support and collaborator until he passed away on March 31, 1990.","The American National Theatre and Academy (ANTA) was the United States' first national theater and dance organization, in the tradition of European national theaters. Originating in 1935 with a charter from the U.S. Congress, ANTA continued until 1966 when the National Endowment for the Arts came into being. ANTA was responsible for both the presentation of American theater in the U.S. and abroad.","Although officially formed in 1935, ANTA did not begin actual operation until 1946 due to a variety of factors, including the Great Depression and World War II. During the depression, federal funding was funnelled towards the Works Progress Administration's Federal Theatre Project, another national performing arts program. In addition to these setbacks, the ANTA board, comprised of prominent citizens and business leaders from outside the theater community, could not agree on the goals of ANTA. Eventually, Robert Breen and Robert Porterfield, two men with Army and theater backgrounds, took the reins of ANTA and initiated its revitalization. Porterfield and Breen developed ANTA's \"Foundation Plan,\" with the intention of having ANTA become the foundation for and driving force behind the stimulation of growth of American theater. The plan, successfully undertaken by Breen, Porterfield, and Breen's wife Wilva Davis Breen, called for a National Foundation to make loans and grants, insure theater projects against loss, as well as a National Service Bureau to provide technical assistance for acting companies, as well as a national clearing house for theater information. The plan was adopted by the ANTA Board in 1946.","Under the guidance of Breen, ANTA produced several projects in the U.S. with successful results during the postwar years. From 1946 - 1948, ANTA sponsored a series of plays called the Experimental Theatre. Its goal was to \"present new, interesting plays which would not see production on Broadway due to present high costs.\" Admittedly, the plays were \"not necessarily perfect\" but \"worthy of a trial production in a simplified fashion\" according to an ANTA letter offering subscription to the series, which included high profile playwrights and actors. During the late 1940s and early 1950s ANTA sponsored a number of drama festivals across the U.S., featuring well-known actors. ANTA also featured a televised production of short plays for NBC television. With the intention of promoting theater growth in the U.S. and showcasing new talent, ANTA produced, supported, and promoted theater projects all across the United States.","Internationally, ANTA promoted artistic exchange between the U.S. and Europe, and entertained American troops there. This was initiated with a 1949 tour of William Shakespeare's \"Hamlet\" throughout Europe, produced by and starring Breen in the titular role. This tour famously culminated in a performance at Elsinore Castle in Denmark - the actual setting of the play. Perhaps ANTA's, as well as Breen's, greatest success came with the international tour of George Gershwin's \"Porgy and Bess\" (produced with Blevins Davis), which toured from 1952-1956, visiting 89 cities and 29 countries. The opera's performance in the Soviet Union was considered the first cultural exchange post-World War II between the U.S. and the Soviet Union. ANTA also sponsored the American National Ballet Theatre's tour of Europe in 1950, performing in eighteen cities and eight countries. The tour lasted from August to December of 1950 and played to an audience of over 150,000, and was the first international tour of any American ballet company.","ANTA also produced a number of Broadway plays and musicals out of the formerly named Guild Hall Theatre, renamed the ANTA Theatre in the 1960s and 1970s. ANTA West, which grew out of the Greater Los Angeles Chapter of ANTA in 1957, promoted and facilitated the growth of theater in the Southern California region."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePart of the Robert and Wilva Breen papers was donated to The Ohio State University.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["Part of the Robert and Wilva Breen papers was donated to The Ohio State University."],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center does not have the equipment necessary to play  obsolete audiovisual material found in the found in the Robert and Wilva Breen papers. Additional time and money may be required to digitize this material for access.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements"],"phystech_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center does not have the equipment necessary to play  obsolete audiovisual material found in the found in the Robert and Wilva Breen papers. Additional time and money may be required to digitize this material for access."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRobert and Wilva Breen papers, C0004, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Robert and Wilva Breen papers, C0004, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Special Collections Research Center Staff. EAD markup completed in February 2009 by Jordan Patty. Reprocessed by Amanda Brent from 2017-2018. EAD markup completed by Amanda Brent in December 2018.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Special Collections Research Center Staff. EAD markup completed in February 2009 by Jordan Patty. Reprocessed by Amanda Brent from 2017-2018. EAD markup completed by Amanda Brent in December 2018."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections Research Center also holds the \u003cextptr href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0145\" title=\"Porgy and Bess poster collection\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, the \u003cextptr href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0002\" title=\"Federal Theatre Project collection\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, the \u003cextptr href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0043\" title=\"Robert C. Schnitzer papers\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, and many other \u003cextptr href=\"https://scrc.gmu.edu/collections-subject.php#THEATRE\" title=\"performing arts collections.\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The Ohio State University Libraries' Jerome Lawrence and Robert E. Lee Theatre Research Institute holds the \u003cextptr href=\"https://library.osu.edu/collections/spec.tri.rb\" title=\"Robert Breen and Wilva papers.\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The UCLA Library Special Collections, Charles E. Young Research Library holds the \u003cextptr href=\"https://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/c8fn1762/\" title=\"ANTA West records.\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Special Collections Research Center also holds the , the , the , and many other","The Ohio State University Libraries' Jerome Lawrence and Robert E. Lee Theatre Research Institute holds the","The UCLA Library Special Collections, Charles E. Young Research Library holds the"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Robert and Wilva Breen papers consists of correspondence, memoranda, newsclippings, photographs, notebooks, and audiovisual materials largely related to the creation and running of the American National Theater and Academy (ANTA), as well as Robert and Wilva Breen's long-term involvement with the organization from 1944 through the 1950s. The collection also contains many photographs of theaters and theatrical performances from across the United States, including from Broadway and Off-Broadway theaters and shows, as well as numerous colleges, universities, high schools, and local children's theaters. The bulk of the collection originates from the 1940s - 2000s, with an outlier date of 1834 from an antique newspaper.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Robert and Wilva Breen papers consists of correspondence, memoranda, newsclippings, photographs, notebooks, and audiovisual materials largely related to the creation and running of the American National Theater and Academy (ANTA), as well as Robert and Wilva Breen's long-term involvement with the organization from 1944 through the 1950s. The collection also contains many photographs of theaters and theatrical performances from across the United States, including from Broadway and Off-Broadway theaters and shows, as well as numerous colleges, universities, high schools, and local children's theaters. The bulk of the collection originates from the 1940s - 2000s, with an outlier date of 1834 from an antique newspaper."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_ref348\"\u003eThe Robert and Wilva Breen papers consists of correspondence, memoranda, newsclippings, photographs, notebooks, and audiovisual materials largely related to the creation and running of the American National Theater and Academy (ANTA), as well as Robert and Wilva Breen's long-term involvement with the organization. The bulk of the collection originates from 1933 - 2000s, with an outlier date of 1834 from an antique newspaper.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Robert and Wilva Breen papers consists of correspondence, memoranda, newsclippings, photographs, notebooks, and audiovisual materials largely related to the creation and running of the American National Theater and Academy (ANTA), as well as Robert and Wilva Breen's long-term involvement with the organization. The bulk of the collection originates from 1933 - 2000s, with an outlier date of 1834 from an antique newspaper."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_ddb931edc4f44bf997d326b2923a7505\"\u003eR2, C9, S3- C11, S7\nR3 C1 S1 - C2, S5\nOSR3, C4, S4\nMap Case 8.1-8.2, 9.1\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R2, C9, S3- C11, S7\nR3 C1 S1 - C2, S5\nOSR3, C4, S4\nMap Case 8.1-8.2, 9.1"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","American National Ballet Theater","American National Theatre and Academy","ANTA (Organization)","ANTA West (Organization)"],"names_coll_ssim":["American National Ballet Theater","American National Theatre and Academy","ANTA (Organization)","ANTA West (Organization)","Porterfield, Robert, 1905-1971"],"persname_ssim":["Breen, Robert","Breen, Wilva","Porterfield, Robert, 1905-1971"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","American National Ballet Theater","American National Theatre and Academy","ANTA (Organization)","ANTA West (Organization)","Breen, Robert","Breen, Wilva","Porterfield, Robert, 1905-1971"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":3014,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:35:01.774Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_521_c176"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_52_c01_c01_c93","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Bridges, Henry Styles (Styles), 1936/1960","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_52_c01_c01_c93#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003e125 negatives\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_52_c01_c01_c93#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_52_c01_c01_c93","ref_ssm":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_52_c01_c01_c93"],"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_52_c01_c01_c93","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_52","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_52","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_52_c01_c01","parent_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_52_c01_c01","parent_ssim":["Arthur E. Scott photograph collection","Series 1: People, 1910/1976","Subseries 1.1: Senators, 1930/1976"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_52","vifgm_repositories_2_resources_52_c01","vifgm_repositories_2_resources_52_c01_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"Bridges, Henry Styles (Styles)","title_ssm":["Bridges, Henry Styles (Styles)"],"title_tesim":["Bridges, Henry Styles (Styles)"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Bridges, Henry Styles (Styles), 1936/1960"],"text":["Bridges, Henry Styles (Styles), 1936/1960","Arthur E. Scott photograph collection","Series 1: People, 1910/1976","Subseries 1.1: Senators, 1930/1976","box 13","125 negatives"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Arthur E. Scott photograph collection","Series 1: People, 1910/1976","Subseries 1.1: Senators, 1930/1976"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Arthur E. Scott photograph collection","Series 1: People, 1910/1976","Subseries 1.1: Senators, 1930/1976"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1936/1960"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1936-1960"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[3],"sort_isi":95,"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"collection_ssim":["Arthur E. Scott photograph collection"],"containers_ssim":["box 13"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Copyright not held by George Mason University Libraries, and some images may be restricted to personal, non-commercial use only. For permission to publish, contact the Special Collections Research Center.","Materials created prior to 1928 are in the Public Domain. These materials have no known restrictions."],"date_range_isim":[1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e125 negatives\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents note"],"scopecontent_tesim":["125 negatives"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#0/components#92","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:34:54.802Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_52","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_52","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_52","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_52","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_52.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Arthur E. Scott photograph collection","title_ssm":["Arthur E. Scott photograph collection"],"title_tesim":["Arthur E. Scott photograph collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1910-1976"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1910-1976"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Arthur E. Scott photograph collection"],"text":["Arthur E. Scott photograph collection","C0096","/repositories/2/resources/52","Panama Canal (Panama)","Potomac River","Supreme Court Building (Washington, D.C.)","United States Capitol Complex (Washington, D.C.)","Washington (D.C.)","Actors -- United States","Aerial photographs","Astronauts","Campaign speeches","Committees","Congresses and conventions","Funeral rites and ceremonies","Legislators -- United States","Legislators' spouses","Lincoln Memorial (Washington, D.C.)","National Statuary Hall (United States Capitol, Washington, D.C.)","Photography -- Negatives","Political campaigns -- United States","Political conventions","Portraits","Presidents -- United States","Presidents -- United States -- Inauguration","Slides (Photography)","Speeches, addresses, etc.","Tomb of the Unknowns (Va.)","Vice-Presidents -- United States","Washington Monument (Washington, D.C.)","Photographic prints","Collection is open to research.","Selected images from the Scott collection are available online through the .","Arranged into six series.","Series\n      Series 1: People, 1910-1976 (Boxes 1-7, 12-22, 26-27, 29-42)\n      Series 2: Places, 1927-1976 (Boxes 7-9, 22-23, 27, 31, 43, Oversize)\n      Series 3: Events, 1921-1976 (Boxes 9-11, 23-25, 27, 30, 33, 35-36, 38-42)\n      Series 4: Art, Publications, Reference Materials, 1918-1976 (Boxes 11, 25, 27, 35, 38)\n      Series 5: Scrapbooks, 1918-1946 (Volumes 1-14 and unnumbered)\n      Series 6: Realia, 1950s-1960s (Box 28)","Arthur E. \"Scotty\" Scott, was born March 14, 1917, in Montpelier, Vermont. In 1925 his family moved to Washington, D.C., where Scott spent most of his life. Scott began his press career at the age of 13, as a copyboy for the Washington Times-Herald. From 1934-1955, Scott served as a news photographer for International News Photos (INP) and Wide World Photos. Scott first covered the United States Congress in 1935 as a photographer for the Washington Times From 1955-1974, Scott worked as a photographer for the Republican Senatorial Committee (1965-1964) and the Republication Policy Committee (1964-1974). In 1975, the year the Senate Historical Office was created, Scott became the Senate's first photo-historian. As photo-historian, Scott was tasked with building a collection of graphic representations of the Senate's history. Scott died on December 2, 1976.","Processed by Special Collections  Research Center staff. Additional processing completed by Stacey Kniatt and Shira Loev in 2010-2011. EAD markup completed by Stacey Kniatt and Shira Loev in 2010-2011. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in March 2023.","Staff rehoused the collection into suitable archival enclosures, organized the collection by media and series, and created an EAD finding aid and MARC record.","This collection was reprocessed in 2010-2011 using funds from a National Historical Publications and Records Commission (NHPRC) Detailed Processing Grant.","The Special Collections Research Center holds many other photograph collections. The  contains many similar subjects, as does the .","The Senate Historical Office holds the .","This collection contains photographs taken by Arthur E. Scott, a photojournalist and photo-historian for the U.S. Senate. It contains over 5,000 prints and negatives of United States politicians (mainly Senators), political events such as campaigns and inaugurations, and landmarks throughout the Washington, D.C. area, from the mid-1930s to the 1970s. There are also 27 scrapbooks compiled by Arthur E. Scott, primarily consisting of newspaper clippings of Scott's photographs. The collection also contains photographs from the 1910s and 1920s that were taken by other photographers. The collection contains prints and film negatives in various sizes, as well as glass plate negatives. Boxes 1 through 11, 29, 30, and 43 contain photographic prints; boxes 12 through 25 contain 4 x 5 inch negatives; boxes 26 and 27 contain 4 x 5 inch glass plate negatives; and boxes 31 through 42 contain slides, 35mm negatives, and negatives of various other sizes. The majority of the photographs are in black and white unless otherwise noted.","Series 1 contains photographs of people, including Senators, Representatives, Vice Presidents, Presidents, Supreme Court Justices, and other politicians. It also contains photographs of celebrities, politicians' families, and others. This series contains individual as well as group shots. This series includes photographs of many Republican Party Senators, including George D. Aiken, Gordon Allott, Clifford P. Case, Norris Cotton, Everett M. Dirksen, Robert J. Dole, Hiram Fong, Barry M. Goldwater, Roman L. Hruska, Mike Mansfield, Charles H. Percy, Hugh Scott, Margaret Chase Smith, John G. Tower, and many others. Presidents and Vice Presidents pictured include Calvin Coolidge, Dwight D. Eisenhower, John N. Garner, Herbert C. Hoover, Gerald R. Ford, Lyndon B. Johnson, and Richard M. Nixon. The series also includes photographs of astronauts John Glenn, Virgil \"Gus\" Grissom, and Alan B. Shepard.","Series 2 contains photographs of building interiors and exteriors, monuments, landmarks, and parks. The majority of the series consists of photographs of the Washington, D.C. area. This series includes photographs of Arlington National Cemetery, the U.S. Capitol Building, the U.S. Supreme Court Building, the Potomac River, the Washington Monument, and the Lincoln Memorial. It also includes aerial shots of Washington, D.C. and the Panama Canal Zone, Panama.","Series 3 contains photographs of events such as dinners, meetings, fundraisers, campaigns, conventions, and inaugurations. The events pictured in the series include the 1960 and 1964 Republican National Conventions; Richard M. Nixon campaign events in California and Hawaii (1960); and inaugurations and oaths of office for politicians such as Gerald R. Ford, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Richard M. Nixon, Nelson A. Rockefeller, and Warren G. Harding. It also contains photographs of natural disasters, such as floods, and photographs of politicians and celebrities receiving Buddy Poppies from the Veterans of Foreign Wars.","Series 4 contains photographs of published newspapers, as well as photographs of art works. It also contains reference publications and correspondence which relate to the photographs in the collection. Photographs of published newspapers include New York Times and New York Herald articles on the Battle of Gettysburg and the deaths of Abraham Lincoln and Theodore Roosevelt. The art works pictured included the George Gordon Meade Memorial, Samuel Gompers Memorial, and a monument to Casimir Pulaski. The series also includes \"Virginia Political Greats\", a report written by Scott in May 1976, as well as correspondence and captions regarding photographs taken by Scott.","Series 5 consists of scrapbooks compiled by Arthur Scott. These scrapbooks document events from 1918 through 1946. Most items contained within the scrapbooks are newspaper clippings, many of which depict photographs taken by Scott. The scrapbooks document events including the presidencies of Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman, as well as the run-up to World War II and homefront activities during the war years. The scrapbooks also contain press passes, expense reports, and schedules relating to Scott's photojournalism activities.","Series 6 consists of photographic supplies used by Scott. Photographic supplies include slide cases, as well as film canisters labeled \"1952\", \"1964 GOP Convention San Francisco\", \"Gene Autry by Barry Goldwater\", and \"Stereo Photos South America Vacation 1966\".","Copyright not held by George Mason University Libraries, and some images may be restricted to personal, non-commercial use only. For permission to publish, contact the Special Collections Research Center.","Materials created prior to 1928 are in the Public Domain. These materials have no known restrictions.","This collection contains photographs taken by Arthur E. Scott, a photojournalist and photo-historian for the U.S. Senate. It contains over 5,000 prints and negatives of United States politicians (mainly Senators), political events such as campaigns and inaugurations, and landmarks throughout the Washington, D.C. area, from the mid-1930s to the 1970s. There are also 27 scrapbooks compiled by Arthur E. Scott, primarily consisting of newspaper clippings of Scott's photographs. The collection also contains glass negatives from the 1910s and 1920s that were taken by other photographers.","R 32, C 1, S 1 - S 5 \n\n\nR 32, C 2, S 1\n\n\nOS R 6, C 2, S 3 - S 7\n\n\nMap Case 11.5","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Washington National Cathedral (Washington, D.C.)","United States. Supreme Court","Boy Scouts of America","Arlington National Cemetery (Arlington, Va.)","United States. Congress. Senate","United States. Congress. House","Scott, Arthur E., 1917-1976","Johnson, Lyndon B. (Lyndon Baines), 1908-1973","Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald), 1917-1963","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969","Woodring, Harry Hines, 1887-1967","Wiley, Alexander, 1884-1967","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994","Vandenberg, Arthur H. (Arthur Hendrick), 1884-1951","Valeo, Francis R. (Francis Ralph), 1916-2006","Tydings, Millard E. (Millard Evelyn), 1890-1961","Scott, William Lloyd, 1915-1997","Tower, John G. (John Goodwin), 1925-1991","Thurmond, Strom, 1902-2003","Smith, Margaret Chase, 1897-1995","Shepard, Alan B. (Alan Bartlett), 1923-1998","Scott, Hugh, 1900-1994","Schoeppel, Andrew Frank, 1894-1962","Rockefeller, Nelson A. (Nelson Aldrich), 1908-1979","Pittman, Key, 1872-1940","Percy, Charles H., 1919-2011","Pepper, Claude, 1900-1989","Fannin, Paul J. (Paul Jones), 1907-2002","Elizabeth, Queen of Great Britain, II, 1926-2022","Dominick, Peter H. (Peter Hoyt), 1915-1981","Dole, Robert J., 1923-2021","Dirksen, Everett McKinley","Dern, George Henry, 1872-1936","Curtis, Carl T. (Carl Thomas), 1905-2000","Cotton, Norris, 1900-1989","Cooper, John Sherman, 1901-1991","Coolidge, Calvin, 1872-1933","Cochran, Steve, 1917-1965","Aiken, George D. (George David), 1892-1984","Allott, Gordon, 1907-1989","Ashurst, Henry Fountain, 1874-1962","Barkley, Alben William, 1877-1956","Beall, J. Glenn, Jr. (John Glenn), 1927-2006","Bennett, Wallace F. (Wallace Foster), 1898-1993","Bible, Alan, 1909-1988","Boggs, J. Caleb (James Caleb), 1909-1993","Borah, William Edgar, 1865-1940","Bridges, Styles, 1898-1961","Bush, Prescott Sheldon, 1895-1972","Case, Clifford P. (Clifford Philip), 1904-1982","Fong, Hiram, 1906-2004","Ford, Gerald R., 1913-2006","Garner, John Nance, 1868-1967","Glenn, John, 1921-2016","Goldwater, Barry M. (Barry Morris), 1909-1998","Griffin, Robert P. (Robert Paul), 1923-2015","Grissom, Virgil I.","Hansen, Clifford P. (Clifford Peter), 1912-2009","Harrison, Pat, 1881-1941","Hickenlooper, Bourke B. (Bourke Blakemore), 1896-1971","Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955","Hoover, Herbert Charles, 1903-1969","Hruska, Roman L. (Roman Lee), 1904-1999","Javits, Jacob K. (Jacob Koppel), 1904-1986","Jordan, Len B. (Len Beck), 1899-1983","Keating, Kenneth B. (Kenneth Barnard), 1900-1975","Kuchel, Thomas H.","Mansfield, Mike, 1903-2001","Marshall, George C. (George Catlett), 1880-1959","McNary, Charles Linza, 1874-1944","Morton, Thruston B. (Thruston Ballard), 1907-1982","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Arthur E. Scott photograph collection"],"collection_ssim":["Arthur E. Scott photograph collection"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0096","/repositories/2/resources/52"],"unitid_tesim":["C0096","/repositories/2/resources/52"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["Panama Canal (Panama)","Potomac River","Supreme Court Building (Washington, D.C.)","United States Capitol Complex (Washington, D.C.)","Washington (D.C.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Panama Canal (Panama)","Potomac River","Supreme Court Building (Washington, D.C.)","United States Capitol Complex (Washington, D.C.)","Washington (D.C.)"],"places_ssim":["Panama Canal (Panama)","Potomac River","Supreme Court Building (Washington, D.C.)","United States Capitol Complex (Washington, D.C.)","Washington (D.C.)"],"creator_ssm":["Scott, Arthur E., 1917-1976"],"creator_ssim":["Scott, Arthur E., 1917-1976"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Scott, Arthur E., 1917-1976","Johnson, Lyndon B. (Lyndon Baines), 1908-1973","Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald), 1917-1963","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969","Woodring, Harry Hines, 1887-1967","Wiley, Alexander, 1884-1967","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994","Vandenberg, Arthur H. (Arthur Hendrick), 1884-1951","Valeo, Francis R. (Francis Ralph), 1916-2006","Tydings, Millard E. (Millard Evelyn), 1890-1961","Scott, William Lloyd, 1915-1997","Tower, John G. (John Goodwin), 1925-1991","Thurmond, Strom, 1902-2003","Smith, Margaret Chase, 1897-1995","Shepard, Alan B. (Alan Bartlett), 1923-1998","Scott, Hugh, 1900-1994","Schoeppel, Andrew Frank, 1894-1962","Rockefeller, Nelson A. (Nelson Aldrich), 1908-1979","Pittman, Key, 1872-1940","Percy, Charles H., 1919-2011","Pepper, Claude, 1900-1989","Fannin, Paul J. (Paul Jones), 1907-2002","Elizabeth, Queen of Great Britain, II, 1926-2022","Dominick, Peter H. (Peter Hoyt), 1915-1981","Dole, Robert J., 1923-2021","Dirksen, Everett McKinley","Dern, George Henry, 1872-1936","Curtis, Carl T. (Carl Thomas), 1905-2000","Cotton, Norris, 1900-1989","Cooper, John Sherman, 1901-1991","Coolidge, Calvin, 1872-1933","Cochran, Steve, 1917-1965","Aiken, George D. (George David), 1892-1984","Allott, Gordon, 1907-1989","Ashurst, Henry Fountain, 1874-1962","Barkley, Alben William, 1877-1956","Beall, J. Glenn, Jr. (John Glenn), 1927-2006","Bennett, Wallace F. (Wallace Foster), 1898-1993","Bible, Alan, 1909-1988","Boggs, J. Caleb (James Caleb), 1909-1993","Borah, William Edgar, 1865-1940","Bridges, Styles, 1898-1961","Bush, Prescott Sheldon, 1895-1972","Case, Clifford P. (Clifford Philip), 1904-1982","Fong, Hiram, 1906-2004","Ford, Gerald R., 1913-2006","Garner, John Nance, 1868-1967","Glenn, John, 1921-2016","Goldwater, Barry M. (Barry Morris), 1909-1998","Griffin, Robert P. (Robert Paul), 1923-2015","Grissom, Virgil I.","Hansen, Clifford P. (Clifford Peter), 1912-2009","Harrison, Pat, 1881-1941","Hickenlooper, Bourke B. (Bourke Blakemore), 1896-1971","Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955","Hoover, Herbert Charles, 1903-1969","Hruska, Roman L. (Roman Lee), 1904-1999","Javits, Jacob K. (Jacob Koppel), 1904-1986","Jordan, Len B. (Len Beck), 1899-1983","Keating, Kenneth B. (Kenneth Barnard), 1900-1975","Kuchel, Thomas H.","Mansfield, Mike, 1903-2001","Marshall, George C. (George Catlett), 1880-1959","McNary, Charles Linza, 1874-1944","Morton, Thruston B. (Thruston Ballard), 1907-1982"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Washington National Cathedral (Washington, D.C.)","United States. Supreme Court","Boy Scouts of America","Arlington National Cemetery (Arlington, Va.)","United States. Congress. Senate","United States. Congress. House"],"creators_ssim":["Scott, Arthur E., 1917-1976","Johnson, Lyndon B. (Lyndon Baines), 1908-1973","Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald), 1917-1963","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969","Woodring, Harry Hines, 1887-1967","Wiley, Alexander, 1884-1967","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994","Vandenberg, Arthur H. (Arthur Hendrick), 1884-1951","Valeo, Francis R. (Francis Ralph), 1916-2006","Tydings, Millard E. (Millard Evelyn), 1890-1961","Scott, William Lloyd, 1915-1997","Tower, John G. (John Goodwin), 1925-1991","Thurmond, Strom, 1902-2003","Smith, Margaret Chase, 1897-1995","Shepard, Alan B. (Alan Bartlett), 1923-1998","Scott, Hugh, 1900-1994","Schoeppel, Andrew Frank, 1894-1962","Rockefeller, Nelson A. (Nelson Aldrich), 1908-1979","Pittman, Key, 1872-1940","Percy, Charles H., 1919-2011","Pepper, Claude, 1900-1989","Fannin, Paul J. (Paul Jones), 1907-2002","Elizabeth, Queen of Great Britain, II, 1926-2022","Dominick, Peter H. (Peter Hoyt), 1915-1981","Dole, Robert J., 1923-2021","Dirksen, Everett McKinley","Dern, George Henry, 1872-1936","Curtis, Carl T. (Carl Thomas), 1905-2000","Cotton, Norris, 1900-1989","Cooper, John Sherman, 1901-1991","Coolidge, Calvin, 1872-1933","Cochran, Steve, 1917-1965","Aiken, George D. (George David), 1892-1984","Allott, Gordon, 1907-1989","Ashurst, Henry Fountain, 1874-1962","Barkley, Alben William, 1877-1956","Beall, J. Glenn, Jr. (John Glenn), 1927-2006","Bennett, Wallace F. (Wallace Foster), 1898-1993","Bible, Alan, 1909-1988","Boggs, J. Caleb (James Caleb), 1909-1993","Borah, William Edgar, 1865-1940","Bridges, Styles, 1898-1961","Bush, Prescott Sheldon, 1895-1972","Case, Clifford P. (Clifford Philip), 1904-1982","Fong, Hiram, 1906-2004","Ford, Gerald R., 1913-2006","Garner, John Nance, 1868-1967","Glenn, John, 1921-2016","Goldwater, Barry M. (Barry Morris), 1909-1998","Griffin, Robert P. (Robert Paul), 1923-2015","Grissom, Virgil I.","Hansen, Clifford P. (Clifford Peter), 1912-2009","Harrison, Pat, 1881-1941","Hickenlooper, Bourke B. (Bourke Blakemore), 1896-1971","Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955","Hoover, Herbert Charles, 1903-1969","Hruska, Roman L. (Roman Lee), 1904-1999","Javits, Jacob K. (Jacob Koppel), 1904-1986","Jordan, Len B. (Len Beck), 1899-1983","Keating, Kenneth B. (Kenneth Barnard), 1900-1975","Kuchel, Thomas H.","Mansfield, Mike, 1903-2001","Marshall, George C. (George Catlett), 1880-1959","McNary, Charles Linza, 1874-1944","Morton, Thruston B. (Thruston Ballard), 1907-1982","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Washington National Cathedral (Washington, D.C.)","United States. Supreme Court","Boy Scouts of America","Arlington National Cemetery (Arlington, Va.)","United States. Congress. Senate","United States. Congress. House"],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright not held by George Mason University Libraries, and some images may be restricted to personal, non-commercial use only. For permission to publish, contact the Special Collections Research Center.","Materials created prior to 1928 are in the Public Domain. These materials have no known restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Collection donated by Grace L. Scott in 1981. Scrapbooks donated by Barbara Thaler in 2006."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Actors -- United States","Aerial photographs","Astronauts","Campaign speeches","Committees","Congresses and conventions","Funeral rites and ceremonies","Legislators -- United States","Legislators' spouses","Lincoln Memorial (Washington, D.C.)","National Statuary Hall (United States Capitol, Washington, D.C.)","Photography -- Negatives","Political campaigns -- United States","Political conventions","Portraits","Presidents -- United States","Presidents -- United States -- Inauguration","Slides (Photography)","Speeches, addresses, etc.","Tomb of the Unknowns (Va.)","Vice-Presidents -- United States","Washington Monument (Washington, D.C.)","Photographic prints"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Actors -- United States","Aerial photographs","Astronauts","Campaign speeches","Committees","Congresses and conventions","Funeral rites and ceremonies","Legislators -- United States","Legislators' spouses","Lincoln Memorial (Washington, D.C.)","National Statuary Hall (United States Capitol, Washington, D.C.)","Photography -- Negatives","Political campaigns -- United States","Political conventions","Portraits","Presidents -- United States","Presidents -- United States -- Inauguration","Slides (Photography)","Speeches, addresses, etc.","Tomb of the Unknowns (Va.)","Vice-Presidents -- United States","Washington Monument (Washington, D.C.)","Photographic prints"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["32 Linear Feet 43 boxes; 27 scrapbooks"],"extent_tesim":["32 Linear Feet 43 boxes; 27 scrapbooks"],"genreform_ssim":["Photographic prints"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSelected images from the Scott collection are available online through the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Arthur E. Scott Photograph Collection\" href=\"http://images.gmu.edu/luna/servlet/s/5gh8ep\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternative Form Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["Selected images from the Scott collection are available online through the ."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged into six series.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eSeries\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: People, 1910-1976 (Boxes 1-7, 12-22, 26-27, 29-42)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Places, 1927-1976 (Boxes 7-9, 22-23, 27, 31, 43, Oversize)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: Events, 1921-1976 (Boxes 9-11, 23-25, 27, 30, 33, 35-36, 38-42)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 4: Art, Publications, Reference Materials, 1918-1976 (Boxes 11, 25, 27, 35, 38)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 5: Scrapbooks, 1918-1946 (Volumes 1-14 and unnumbered)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 6: Realia, 1950s-1960s (Box 28)\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged into six series.","Series\n      Series 1: People, 1910-1976 (Boxes 1-7, 12-22, 26-27, 29-42)\n      Series 2: Places, 1927-1976 (Boxes 7-9, 22-23, 27, 31, 43, Oversize)\n      Series 3: Events, 1921-1976 (Boxes 9-11, 23-25, 27, 30, 33, 35-36, 38-42)\n      Series 4: Art, Publications, Reference Materials, 1918-1976 (Boxes 11, 25, 27, 35, 38)\n      Series 5: Scrapbooks, 1918-1946 (Volumes 1-14 and unnumbered)\n      Series 6: Realia, 1950s-1960s (Box 28)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArthur E. \"Scotty\" Scott, was born March 14, 1917, in Montpelier, Vermont. In 1925 his family moved to Washington, D.C., where Scott spent most of his life. Scott began his press career at the age of 13, as a copyboy for the Washington Times-Herald. From 1934-1955, Scott served as a news photographer for International News Photos (INP) and Wide World Photos. Scott first covered the United States Congress in 1935 as a photographer for the Washington Times From 1955-1974, Scott worked as a photographer for the Republican Senatorial Committee (1965-1964) and the Republication Policy Committee (1964-1974). In 1975, the year the Senate Historical Office was created, Scott became the Senate's first photo-historian. As photo-historian, Scott was tasked with building a collection of graphic representations of the Senate's history. Scott died on December 2, 1976.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Arthur E. \"Scotty\" Scott, was born March 14, 1917, in Montpelier, Vermont. In 1925 his family moved to Washington, D.C., where Scott spent most of his life. Scott began his press career at the age of 13, as a copyboy for the Washington Times-Herald. From 1934-1955, Scott served as a news photographer for International News Photos (INP) and Wide World Photos. Scott first covered the United States Congress in 1935 as a photographer for the Washington Times From 1955-1974, Scott worked as a photographer for the Republican Senatorial Committee (1965-1964) and the Republication Policy Committee (1964-1974). In 1975, the year the Senate Historical Office was created, Scott became the Senate's first photo-historian. As photo-historian, Scott was tasked with building a collection of graphic representations of the Senate's history. Scott died on December 2, 1976."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArthur E. Scott photograph collection, C0096, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Arthur E. Scott photograph collection, C0096, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Special Collections  Research Center staff. Additional processing completed by Stacey Kniatt and Shira Loev in 2010-2011. EAD markup completed by Stacey Kniatt and Shira Loev in 2010-2011. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in March 2023.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStaff rehoused the collection into suitable archival enclosures, organized the collection by media and series, and created an EAD finding aid and MARC record. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis collection was reprocessed in 2010-2011 using funds from a National Historical Publications and Records Commission (NHPRC) Detailed Processing Grant.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Special Collections  Research Center staff. Additional processing completed by Stacey Kniatt and Shira Loev in 2010-2011. EAD markup completed by Stacey Kniatt and Shira Loev in 2010-2011. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in March 2023.","Staff rehoused the collection into suitable archival enclosures, organized the collection by media and series, and created an EAD finding aid and MARC record.","This collection was reprocessed in 2010-2011 using funds from a National Historical Publications and Records Commission (NHPRC) Detailed Processing Grant."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center holds many other photograph collections. The \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Charles Baptie photograph collection\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0032\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e contains many similar subjects, as does the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Oliver F. Atkins photograph collection\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0036\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Senate Historical Office holds the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Arthur E. Scott Collection\" href=\"http://www.senate.gov/pagelayout/history/h_multi_sections_and_teasers/Photo_Exhibit_Scott.htm\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center holds many other photograph collections. The  contains many similar subjects, as does the .","The Senate Historical Office holds the ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains photographs taken by Arthur E. Scott, a photojournalist and photo-historian for the U.S. Senate. It contains over 5,000 prints and negatives of United States politicians (mainly Senators), political events such as campaigns and inaugurations, and landmarks throughout the Washington, D.C. area, from the mid-1930s to the 1970s. There are also 27 scrapbooks compiled by Arthur E. Scott, primarily consisting of newspaper clippings of Scott's photographs. The collection also contains photographs from the 1910s and 1920s that were taken by other photographers. The collection contains prints and film negatives in various sizes, as well as glass plate negatives. Boxes 1 through 11, 29, 30, and 43 contain photographic prints; boxes 12 through 25 contain 4 x 5 inch negatives; boxes 26 and 27 contain 4 x 5 inch glass plate negatives; and boxes 31 through 42 contain slides, 35mm negatives, and negatives of various other sizes. The majority of the photographs are in black and white unless otherwise noted. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1 contains photographs of people, including Senators, Representatives, Vice Presidents, Presidents, Supreme Court Justices, and other politicians. It also contains photographs of celebrities, politicians' families, and others. This series contains individual as well as group shots. This series includes photographs of many Republican Party Senators, including George D. Aiken, Gordon Allott, Clifford P. Case, Norris Cotton, Everett M. Dirksen, Robert J. Dole, Hiram Fong, Barry M. Goldwater, Roman L. Hruska, Mike Mansfield, Charles H. Percy, Hugh Scott, Margaret Chase Smith, John G. Tower, and many others. Presidents and Vice Presidents pictured include Calvin Coolidge, Dwight D. Eisenhower, John N. Garner, Herbert C. Hoover, Gerald R. Ford, Lyndon B. Johnson, and Richard M. Nixon. The series also includes photographs of astronauts John Glenn, Virgil \"Gus\" Grissom, and Alan B. Shepard. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2 contains photographs of building interiors and exteriors, monuments, landmarks, and parks. The majority of the series consists of photographs of the Washington, D.C. area. This series includes photographs of Arlington National Cemetery, the U.S. Capitol Building, the U.S. Supreme Court Building, the Potomac River, the Washington Monument, and the Lincoln Memorial. It also includes aerial shots of Washington, D.C. and the Panama Canal Zone, Panama. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3 contains photographs of events such as dinners, meetings, fundraisers, campaigns, conventions, and inaugurations. The events pictured in the series include the 1960 and 1964 Republican National Conventions; Richard M. Nixon campaign events in California and Hawaii (1960); and inaugurations and oaths of office for politicians such as Gerald R. Ford, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Richard M. Nixon, Nelson A. Rockefeller, and Warren G. Harding. It also contains photographs of natural disasters, such as floods, and photographs of politicians and celebrities receiving Buddy Poppies from the Veterans of Foreign Wars. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4 contains photographs of published newspapers, as well as photographs of art works. It also contains reference publications and correspondence which relate to the photographs in the collection. Photographs of published newspapers include New York Times and New York Herald articles on the Battle of Gettysburg and the deaths of Abraham Lincoln and Theodore Roosevelt. The art works pictured included the George Gordon Meade Memorial, Samuel Gompers Memorial, and a monument to Casimir Pulaski. The series also includes \"Virginia Political Greats\", a report written by Scott in May 1976, as well as correspondence and captions regarding photographs taken by Scott. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5 consists of scrapbooks compiled by Arthur Scott. These scrapbooks document events from 1918 through 1946. Most items contained within the scrapbooks are newspaper clippings, many of which depict photographs taken by Scott. The scrapbooks document events including the presidencies of Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman, as well as the run-up to World War II and homefront activities during the war years. The scrapbooks also contain press passes, expense reports, and schedules relating to Scott's photojournalism activities. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6 consists of photographic supplies used by Scott. Photographic supplies include slide cases, as well as film canisters labeled \"1952\", \"1964 GOP Convention San Francisco\", \"Gene Autry by Barry Goldwater\", and \"Stereo Photos South America Vacation 1966\". \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains photographs taken by Arthur E. Scott, a photojournalist and photo-historian for the U.S. Senate. It contains over 5,000 prints and negatives of United States politicians (mainly Senators), political events such as campaigns and inaugurations, and landmarks throughout the Washington, D.C. area, from the mid-1930s to the 1970s. There are also 27 scrapbooks compiled by Arthur E. Scott, primarily consisting of newspaper clippings of Scott's photographs. The collection also contains photographs from the 1910s and 1920s that were taken by other photographers. The collection contains prints and film negatives in various sizes, as well as glass plate negatives. Boxes 1 through 11, 29, 30, and 43 contain photographic prints; boxes 12 through 25 contain 4 x 5 inch negatives; boxes 26 and 27 contain 4 x 5 inch glass plate negatives; and boxes 31 through 42 contain slides, 35mm negatives, and negatives of various other sizes. The majority of the photographs are in black and white unless otherwise noted.","Series 1 contains photographs of people, including Senators, Representatives, Vice Presidents, Presidents, Supreme Court Justices, and other politicians. It also contains photographs of celebrities, politicians' families, and others. This series contains individual as well as group shots. This series includes photographs of many Republican Party Senators, including George D. Aiken, Gordon Allott, Clifford P. Case, Norris Cotton, Everett M. Dirksen, Robert J. Dole, Hiram Fong, Barry M. Goldwater, Roman L. Hruska, Mike Mansfield, Charles H. Percy, Hugh Scott, Margaret Chase Smith, John G. Tower, and many others. Presidents and Vice Presidents pictured include Calvin Coolidge, Dwight D. Eisenhower, John N. Garner, Herbert C. Hoover, Gerald R. Ford, Lyndon B. Johnson, and Richard M. Nixon. The series also includes photographs of astronauts John Glenn, Virgil \"Gus\" Grissom, and Alan B. Shepard.","Series 2 contains photographs of building interiors and exteriors, monuments, landmarks, and parks. The majority of the series consists of photographs of the Washington, D.C. area. This series includes photographs of Arlington National Cemetery, the U.S. Capitol Building, the U.S. Supreme Court Building, the Potomac River, the Washington Monument, and the Lincoln Memorial. It also includes aerial shots of Washington, D.C. and the Panama Canal Zone, Panama.","Series 3 contains photographs of events such as dinners, meetings, fundraisers, campaigns, conventions, and inaugurations. The events pictured in the series include the 1960 and 1964 Republican National Conventions; Richard M. Nixon campaign events in California and Hawaii (1960); and inaugurations and oaths of office for politicians such as Gerald R. Ford, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Richard M. Nixon, Nelson A. Rockefeller, and Warren G. Harding. It also contains photographs of natural disasters, such as floods, and photographs of politicians and celebrities receiving Buddy Poppies from the Veterans of Foreign Wars.","Series 4 contains photographs of published newspapers, as well as photographs of art works. It also contains reference publications and correspondence which relate to the photographs in the collection. Photographs of published newspapers include New York Times and New York Herald articles on the Battle of Gettysburg and the deaths of Abraham Lincoln and Theodore Roosevelt. The art works pictured included the George Gordon Meade Memorial, Samuel Gompers Memorial, and a monument to Casimir Pulaski. The series also includes \"Virginia Political Greats\", a report written by Scott in May 1976, as well as correspondence and captions regarding photographs taken by Scott.","Series 5 consists of scrapbooks compiled by Arthur Scott. These scrapbooks document events from 1918 through 1946. Most items contained within the scrapbooks are newspaper clippings, many of which depict photographs taken by Scott. The scrapbooks document events including the presidencies of Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman, as well as the run-up to World War II and homefront activities during the war years. The scrapbooks also contain press passes, expense reports, and schedules relating to Scott's photojournalism activities.","Series 6 consists of photographic supplies used by Scott. Photographic supplies include slide cases, as well as film canisters labeled \"1952\", \"1964 GOP Convention San Francisco\", \"Gene Autry by Barry Goldwater\", and \"Stereo Photos South America Vacation 1966\"."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright not held by George Mason University Libraries, and some images may be restricted to personal, non-commercial use only. For permission to publish, contact the Special Collections Research Center.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials created prior to 1928 are in the Public Domain. These materials have no known restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright not held by George Mason University Libraries, and some images may be restricted to personal, non-commercial use only. For permission to publish, contact the Special Collections Research Center.","Materials created prior to 1928 are in the Public Domain. These materials have no known restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_dde473ebedda2d712c9f5f297abf733b\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection contains photographs taken by Arthur E. Scott, a photojournalist and photo-historian for the U.S. Senate. It contains over 5,000 prints and negatives of United States politicians (mainly Senators), political events such as campaigns and inaugurations, and landmarks throughout the Washington, D.C. area, from the mid-1930s to the 1970s. There are also 27 scrapbooks compiled by Arthur E. Scott, primarily consisting of newspaper clippings of Scott's photographs. The collection also contains glass negatives from the 1910s and 1920s that were taken by other photographers.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains photographs taken by Arthur E. Scott, a photojournalist and photo-historian for the U.S. Senate. It contains over 5,000 prints and negatives of United States politicians (mainly Senators), political events such as campaigns and inaugurations, and landmarks throughout the Washington, D.C. area, from the mid-1930s to the 1970s. There are also 27 scrapbooks compiled by Arthur E. Scott, primarily consisting of newspaper clippings of Scott's photographs. The collection also contains glass negatives from the 1910s and 1920s that were taken by other photographers."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_b8196d3f5852893db38a87a1dd92c1f5\"\u003e\nR 32, C 1, S 1 - S 5 \n\n\nR 32, C 2, S 1\n\n\nOS R 6, C 2, S 3 - S 7\n\n\nMap Case 11.5\n\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R 32, C 1, S 1 - S 5 \n\n\nR 32, C 2, S 1\n\n\nOS R 6, C 2, S 3 - S 7\n\n\nMap Case 11.5"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Washington National Cathedral (Washington, D.C.)","United States. Supreme Court","Boy Scouts of America","Arlington National Cemetery (Arlington, Va.)","United States. Congress. Senate","United States. Congress. House"],"names_coll_ssim":["Washington National Cathedral (Washington, D.C.)","United States. Supreme Court","Boy Scouts of America","Arlington National Cemetery (Arlington, Va.)","United States. Congress. Senate","United States. Congress. House","Johnson, Lyndon B. (Lyndon Baines), 1908-1973","Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald), 1917-1963","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969","Woodring, Harry Hines, 1887-1967","Wiley, Alexander, 1884-1967","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994","Vandenberg, Arthur H. (Arthur Hendrick), 1884-1951","Valeo, Francis R. (Francis Ralph), 1916-2006","Tydings, Millard E. (Millard Evelyn), 1890-1961","Scott, William Lloyd, 1915-1997","Tower, John G. (John Goodwin), 1925-1991","Thurmond, Strom, 1902-2003","Smith, Margaret Chase, 1897-1995","Shepard, Alan B. (Alan Bartlett), 1923-1998","Scott, Hugh, 1900-1994","Schoeppel, Andrew Frank, 1894-1962","Rockefeller, Nelson A. (Nelson Aldrich), 1908-1979","Pittman, Key, 1872-1940","Percy, Charles H., 1919-2011","Pepper, Claude, 1900-1989","Fannin, Paul J. (Paul Jones), 1907-2002","Elizabeth, Queen of Great Britain, II, 1926-2022","Dominick, Peter H. (Peter Hoyt), 1915-1981","Dole, Robert J., 1923-2021","Dirksen, Everett McKinley","Dern, George Henry, 1872-1936","Curtis, Carl T. (Carl Thomas), 1905-2000","Cotton, Norris, 1900-1989","Cooper, John Sherman, 1901-1991","Coolidge, Calvin, 1872-1933","Cochran, Steve, 1917-1965","Aiken, George D. (George David), 1892-1984","Allott, Gordon, 1907-1989","Ashurst, Henry Fountain, 1874-1962","Barkley, Alben William, 1877-1956","Beall, J. Glenn, Jr. (John Glenn), 1927-2006","Bennett, Wallace F. (Wallace Foster), 1898-1993","Bible, Alan, 1909-1988","Boggs, J. Caleb (James Caleb), 1909-1993","Borah, William Edgar, 1865-1940","Bridges, Styles, 1898-1961","Bush, Prescott Sheldon, 1895-1972","Case, Clifford P. (Clifford Philip), 1904-1982","Fong, Hiram, 1906-2004","Ford, Gerald R., 1913-2006","Garner, John Nance, 1868-1967","Glenn, John, 1921-2016","Goldwater, Barry M. (Barry Morris), 1909-1998","Griffin, Robert P. (Robert Paul), 1923-2015","Grissom, Virgil I.","Hansen, Clifford P. (Clifford Peter), 1912-2009","Harrison, Pat, 1881-1941","Hickenlooper, Bourke B. (Bourke Blakemore), 1896-1971","Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955","Hoover, Herbert Charles, 1903-1969","Hruska, Roman L. (Roman Lee), 1904-1999","Javits, Jacob K. (Jacob Koppel), 1904-1986","Jordan, Len B. (Len Beck), 1899-1983","Keating, Kenneth B. (Kenneth Barnard), 1900-1975","Kuchel, Thomas H.","Mansfield, Mike, 1903-2001","Marshall, George C. (George Catlett), 1880-1959","McNary, Charles Linza, 1874-1944","Morton, Thruston B. (Thruston Ballard), 1907-1982"],"persname_ssim":["Scott, Arthur E., 1917-1976","Johnson, Lyndon B. (Lyndon Baines), 1908-1973","Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald), 1917-1963","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969","Woodring, Harry Hines, 1887-1967","Wiley, Alexander, 1884-1967","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994","Vandenberg, Arthur H. (Arthur Hendrick), 1884-1951","Valeo, Francis R. (Francis Ralph), 1916-2006","Tydings, Millard E. (Millard Evelyn), 1890-1961","Scott, William Lloyd, 1915-1997","Tower, John G. (John Goodwin), 1925-1991","Thurmond, Strom, 1902-2003","Smith, Margaret Chase, 1897-1995","Shepard, Alan B. (Alan Bartlett), 1923-1998","Scott, Hugh, 1900-1994","Schoeppel, Andrew Frank, 1894-1962","Rockefeller, Nelson A. (Nelson Aldrich), 1908-1979","Pittman, Key, 1872-1940","Percy, Charles H., 1919-2011","Pepper, Claude, 1900-1989","Fannin, Paul J. (Paul Jones), 1907-2002","Elizabeth, Queen of Great Britain, II, 1926-2022","Dominick, Peter H. (Peter Hoyt), 1915-1981","Dole, Robert J., 1923-2021","Dirksen, Everett McKinley","Dern, George Henry, 1872-1936","Curtis, Carl T. (Carl Thomas), 1905-2000","Cotton, Norris, 1900-1989","Cooper, John Sherman, 1901-1991","Coolidge, Calvin, 1872-1933","Cochran, Steve, 1917-1965","Aiken, George D. (George David), 1892-1984","Allott, Gordon, 1907-1989","Ashurst, Henry Fountain, 1874-1962","Barkley, Alben William, 1877-1956","Beall, J. Glenn, Jr. (John Glenn), 1927-2006","Bennett, Wallace F. (Wallace Foster), 1898-1993","Bible, Alan, 1909-1988","Boggs, J. Caleb (James Caleb), 1909-1993","Borah, William Edgar, 1865-1940","Bridges, Styles, 1898-1961","Bush, Prescott Sheldon, 1895-1972","Case, Clifford P. (Clifford Philip), 1904-1982","Fong, Hiram, 1906-2004","Ford, Gerald R., 1913-2006","Garner, John Nance, 1868-1967","Glenn, John, 1921-2016","Goldwater, Barry M. (Barry Morris), 1909-1998","Griffin, Robert P. (Robert Paul), 1923-2015","Grissom, Virgil I.","Hansen, Clifford P. 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Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in April 2020."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center holds other playbill and theatre-related collections.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center holds other playbill and theatre-related collections."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains theatre souvenir programs from Broadway productions between the years 1942 and 1997. The programs include descriptions of the production, along with information on the respective creators, performers, directors, choreographers, and producers. Instead of the traditional free playbill which is handed out upon entrance of the theatre, souvenir programs tend to be purchased at show concession stands, and are of higher quality, have color photography, and are intended to last as a souvenir of the theatrical experience. 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This collection contains many programs from original Broadway show runs, revivals, and features many famous actors, singers, and dancers who performed in Broadway shows. It also contains a few film souvenir programs."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_bee07ba592a9093c395e24c430464c9f\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection contains theatre souvenir programs from Broadway productions between the years 1942 and 1997. The programs include descriptions of the production, along with information on the respective creators, performers, directors, choreographers, and producers. It contains many programs from original Broadway show runs, and features many famous actors, singers, and dancers who performed in Broadway shows.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains theatre souvenir programs from Broadway productions between the years 1942 and 1997. The programs include descriptions of the production, along with information on the respective creators, performers, directors, choreographers, and producers. It contains many programs from original Broadway show runs, and features many famous actors, singers, and dancers who performed in Broadway shows."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_50e2d6e41029baee7b2391636d5da92a\"\u003eR43, C5, S1 - S7\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R43, C5, S1 - S7"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. 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It also contains a few film souvenir programs.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","This collection contains theatre souvenir programs from Broadway productions between the years 1942 and 1997. The programs include descriptions of the production, along with information on the respective creators, performers, directors, choreographers, and producers. It contains many programs from original Broadway show runs, and features many famous actors, singers, and dancers who performed in Broadway shows.","R43, C5, S1 - S7","George Mason University. Libraries. 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Accessed April 17, 2020."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Theater District of New York City, known as Broadway after the main thoroughfare where over forty theatres make their home, is one of the most popular tourist destinations in the world. First known as the Great White Way due to its dazzling use of lights on marquees, Broadway is synonymous with the best live theatre has to offer. The Golden Age of Broadway occurred between 1943 and 1959, when the theatre-scene exploded with the advent of a new form of musical, popularized by the legendary duo Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein III in \"Oklahoma!\" What followed were some of the most popular, successful, and enduring musicals in American history. In addition to Rodgers and Hammerstein, composers and lyricists like Leonard Bernstein, Alan Jay Lerner, Frederick Loewe, Stephen Sondheim, Irving Berlin, and Cole Porter found great success during these years with a variety of shows and collaboration with one another. 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The Golden Age of Broadway occurred between 1943 and 1959, when the theatre-scene exploded with the advent of a new form of musical, popularized by the legendary duo Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein III in \"Oklahoma!\" What followed were some of the most popular, successful, and enduring musicals in American history. In addition to Rodgers and Hammerstein, composers and lyricists like Leonard Bernstein, Alan Jay Lerner, Frederick Loewe, Stephen Sondheim, Irving Berlin, and Cole Porter found great success during these years with a variety of shows and collaboration with one another. 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This collection contains many programs from original Broadway show runs, revivals, and features many famous actors, singers, and dancers who performed in Broadway shows. It also contains a few film souvenir programs."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_bee07ba592a9093c395e24c430464c9f\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection contains theatre souvenir programs from Broadway productions between the years 1942 and 1997. The programs include descriptions of the production, along with information on the respective creators, performers, directors, choreographers, and producers. It contains many programs from original Broadway show runs, and features many famous actors, singers, and dancers who performed in Broadway shows.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains theatre souvenir programs from Broadway productions between the years 1942 and 1997. The programs include descriptions of the production, along with information on the respective creators, performers, directors, choreographers, and producers. It contains many programs from original Broadway show runs, and features many famous actors, singers, and dancers who performed in Broadway shows."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_50e2d6e41029baee7b2391636d5da92a\"\u003eR43, C5, S1 - S7\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R43, C5, S1 - S7"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. 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It also contains a few film souvenir programs.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","This collection contains theatre souvenir programs from Broadway productions between the years 1942 and 1997. The programs include descriptions of the production, along with information on the respective creators, performers, directors, choreographers, and producers. It contains many programs from original Broadway show runs, and features many famous actors, singers, and dancers who performed in Broadway shows.","R43, C5, S1 - S7","George Mason University. Libraries. 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Accessed April 17, 2020."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Theater District of New York City, known as Broadway after the main thoroughfare where over forty theatres make their home, is one of the most popular tourist destinations in the world. First known as the Great White Way due to its dazzling use of lights on marquees, Broadway is synonymous with the best live theatre has to offer. The Golden Age of Broadway occurred between 1943 and 1959, when the theatre-scene exploded with the advent of a new form of musical, popularized by the legendary duo Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein III in \"Oklahoma!\" What followed were some of the most popular, successful, and enduring musicals in American history. In addition to Rodgers and Hammerstein, composers and lyricists like Leonard Bernstein, Alan Jay Lerner, Frederick Loewe, Stephen Sondheim, Irving Berlin, and Cole Porter found great success during these years with a variety of shows and collaboration with one another. Though new plays and musicals continued to churn out during the 1960s and 1970s, Broadway suffered a creative and financial slump during this time, only to be revitalized in the mid to late 1980s by the likes of Andrew Lloyd Webber, producer Cameron Mackintosh, and Stephen Sondheim.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Theater District of New York City, known as Broadway after the main thoroughfare where over forty theatres make their home, is one of the most popular tourist destinations in the world. First known as the Great White Way due to its dazzling use of lights on marquees, Broadway is synonymous with the best live theatre has to offer. The Golden Age of Broadway occurred between 1943 and 1959, when the theatre-scene exploded with the advent of a new form of musical, popularized by the legendary duo Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein III in \"Oklahoma!\" What followed were some of the most popular, successful, and enduring musicals in American history. In addition to Rodgers and Hammerstein, composers and lyricists like Leonard Bernstein, Alan Jay Lerner, Frederick Loewe, Stephen Sondheim, Irving Berlin, and Cole Porter found great success during these years with a variety of shows and collaboration with one another. Though new plays and musicals continued to churn out during the 1960s and 1970s, Broadway suffered a creative and financial slump during this time, only to be revitalized in the mid to late 1980s by the likes of Andrew Lloyd Webber, producer Cameron Mackintosh, and Stephen Sondheim."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBroadway souvenir theatre programs collection, C0182, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Broadway souvenir theatre programs collection, C0182, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed by Tom Duncan in 2010. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in April 2020.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed by Tom Duncan in 2010. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in April 2020."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center holds other playbill and theatre-related collections.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center holds other playbill and theatre-related collections."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains theatre souvenir programs from Broadway productions between the years 1942 and 1997. The programs include descriptions of the production, along with information on the respective creators, performers, directors, choreographers, and producers. Instead of the traditional free playbill which is handed out upon entrance of the theatre, souvenir programs tend to be purchased at show concession stands, and are of higher quality, have color photography, and are intended to last as a souvenir of the theatrical experience. This collection contains many programs from original Broadway show runs, revivals, and features many famous actors, singers, and dancers who performed in Broadway shows. It also contains a few film souvenir programs.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains theatre souvenir programs from Broadway productions between the years 1942 and 1997. The programs include descriptions of the production, along with information on the respective creators, performers, directors, choreographers, and producers. Instead of the traditional free playbill which is handed out upon entrance of the theatre, souvenir programs tend to be purchased at show concession stands, and are of higher quality, have color photography, and are intended to last as a souvenir of the theatrical experience. This collection contains many programs from original Broadway show runs, revivals, and features many famous actors, singers, and dancers who performed in Broadway shows. It also contains a few film souvenir programs."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_bee07ba592a9093c395e24c430464c9f\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection contains theatre souvenir programs from Broadway productions between the years 1942 and 1997. The programs include descriptions of the production, along with information on the respective creators, performers, directors, choreographers, and producers. It contains many programs from original Broadway show runs, and features many famous actors, singers, and dancers who performed in Broadway shows.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains theatre souvenir programs from Broadway productions between the years 1942 and 1997. The programs include descriptions of the production, along with information on the respective creators, performers, directors, choreographers, and producers. It contains many programs from original Broadway show runs, and features many famous actors, singers, and dancers who performed in Broadway shows."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_50e2d6e41029baee7b2391636d5da92a\"\u003eR43, C5, S1 - S7\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R43, C5, S1 - S7"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. 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The material in this collection consists of employment papers, correspondence, scrapbooks, newspaper and magazine clippings, photographs, playscripts, programs, fliers, and production notebooks.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection brings together over 90 individual donations of Federal Theatre Project material. The material in this collection consists of employment papers, correspondence, scrapbooks, newspaper and magazine clippings, photographs, playscripts, programs, fliers, and production notebooks."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_9d57557dcf579bc9f23fe848b0ac690f\"\u003e\nR 46, C 3, S2 - S 5 \n\n\nR 46, C 5, S 1\n\n\nOS R 3, C 5, S 2\n\n\nMap Case 22.4\n\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R 46, C 3, S2 - S 5 \n\n\nR 46, C 5, S 1\n\n\nOS R 3, C 5, S 2\n\n\nMap Case 22.4"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. 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Special Collections Research Center","Federal Theatre Project (U.S.)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":249,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-09-03T00:01:04.232Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_345_c01_c25"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_139_c01_c183","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Browder, Earl, 1932/1945","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_139_c01_c183#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eCommunist Party USA, pro-Communist\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_139_c01_c183#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_139_c01_c183","ref_ssm":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_139_c01_c183"],"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_139_c01_c183","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_139","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_139","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_139_c01","parent_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_139_c01","parent_ssim":["Francis J. McNamara papers, 1928/1997","Series 1: Anti-Communism and Subversive Activities, 1928/1975"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_139","vifgm_repositories_2_resources_139_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"Browder, Earl","title_ssm":["Browder, Earl"],"title_tesim":["Browder, Earl"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Browder, Earl, 1932/1945"],"text":["Browder, Earl, 1932/1945","Francis J. McNamara papers, 1928/1997","Series 1: Anti-Communism and Subversive Activities, 1928/1975","folder 9","box 18","Communist Party USA, pro-Communist"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Francis J. McNamara papers, 1928/1997","Series 1: Anti-Communism and Subversive Activities, 1928/1975"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Francis J. McNamara papers, 1928/1997","Series 1: Anti-Communism and Subversive Activities, 1928/1975"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1932/1945"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1932-1945"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":184,"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"collection_ssim":["Francis J. McNamara papers, 1928/1997"],"containers_ssim":["folder 9","box 18"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no access restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"date_range_isim":[1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCommunist Party USA, pro-Communist\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents note"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Communist Party USA, pro-Communist"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#182","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:34:17.521Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_139","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_139","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_139","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_139","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_139.xml","title_ssm":["Francis J. McNamara papers"],"title_tesim":["Francis J. McNamara papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1928-1997"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1928-1997"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1928/1997"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Francis J. McNamara papers, 1928/1997"],"text":["Francis J. McNamara papers, 1928/1997","C0024","/repositories/2/resources/139","Hollywood (Los Angeles, Calif.)","United States -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government -- 20th century","Radicalism -- United States -- History -- 20th century","Subversive activities -- United States -- History -- 20th century","Espionage, American -- History -- 20th century","Cold War -- Social aspects -- United States","Communism -- United States -- History -- 20th century","Vietnam War, 1961-1975 -- Protest movements -- United States","There are no access restrictions.","Organized into three series.","Series\n      Series 1: Anti-Communism and Subversive Activities, 1928-1975 (Boxes 1-154)\n      Series 2: National Security, 1976-1997 (Boxes 155-214)\n      Series 3: Realia, 1950s (Box 215)","Francis John McNamara was born in Brooklyn, New York in 1915. After earning degrees at St. John's University in 1938 and Niagara University in 1939 (both in English), he joined the U.S. Army during World War II. He served in Asia in the China-Burma theater of operations as an intelligence officer and attained the rank of Major. After the war, married his wife of fifty-five years, Katherine Foley, and joined the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) assisting in the Jehol and Hupeh provinces of China.","When he returned to the United States in 1948, he went to work as a researcher for American Business Consultants, Inc., in New York City, a security firm and publisher of the anticommunist newsletter Counterattack. In January of 1950 he became editor of Counterattack where he remained until May of 1954. He then moved to Washington, D.C., to head the National Security Program of the Veterans of Foreign Wars (VFW). In 1958 he left the VFW to serve as a research analyst and consultant to the House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC). In 1961 he became director of research at HUAC, and in 1962, its staff director. In 1970 he went to work for the Subversive Activities Control Board (SACB), where he served as executive secretary. In 1981 he became executive director of the Nathan Hale Foundation. He served as vice-chairman of the Security and Intelligence Foundation from 1987-90 and was a senior fellow at the Center for Intelligence Studies in Arlington, Virginia. McNamara died on February 27, 2007 at the age of 91.","The Francis J. McNamara Papers were processed between 1995 and 2009 by Special Collections Research Center Staff. During this processing period, SCRC retained the donor's original filing scheme (alphabetical arrangement by subject/topic). A print finding aid (Francis J. McNamara collection: Finding Aid and Research Guide with Index) was initially published in 1997, which described the first 52 boxes. In 2007 the remaining portion of the collection was processed by Benjamin Ranta and Colva Weissenstein, and an EAD finding aid was prepared. Final processing was completed by David Arditi and Kelsey Willingham in 2008-2009. EAD revisions completed by David Arditi and Kelsey Willingham in 2008-2009.","Special Collections Research Center also holds a small collection of books from McNamara's personal library (283 titles in total). These can be found in the University Libraries catalog  with a keyword search on \"Francis J. McNamara collection\".","The Francis J. McNamara Papers represent his lifelong career and study in the field of anticommunism and national security. Materials which comprise this collection track both his employment and interests during the period 1947-1997, including his work at American Business Consultants (1948-1954), the VFW (1954-1958), HUAC(1958-1969), SACB (1970-1973), and later consulting and editing work.","Types of materials include magazine and news clippings regarding subjects of interest to McNamara; final versions of U.S. government reports pertaining to investigations of individuals and/or organizations suspected of subversive activity; manuscript notes; correspondence both to and from McNamara; and pamphlets, journals and newsletters from both the left and right sides of the political spectrum covering the period 1928 through 1997.","Main subject areas include but are not limited to: domestic and foreign communism; the Cold War (i.e. the Soviet Bloc, China, Korea, Vietnam, and Latin America); espionage and intelligence; political and cultural figures; entertainment and news media; the antiwar movement; assassinations; and domestic groups (i.e. the Black Panthers, KKK, SNCC, and the Weather Underground).","The first series covers the first half of Francis McNamara's career, with collected material roughly covering the years 1928-1975. This series contains material from McNamara's career with the House Un-American Activities Committee in Congress and later with the Subversive Activities Control Board. The second series covers the second half of Francis McNamara's career, corresponding roughly with the dates 1976-1997. This series contains material from McNamara's career at the Hale Foundation and later work. The third series, consisting of one box, contains regalia and various artifacts such as stamps, notecards, and notebooks used by McNamara.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","The Francis J. McNamara papers contains materials collected by Francis J. McNamara dating from 1928 to 1997 pertaining to American politics and culture during this period. The main concentration in this collection deals with national security with respect to the influence of Communism, the Civil Rights Movement, and the counterculture. It is comprised of newspaper and magazine articles, letters, memoranda and other personal documents, U.S. government documents, pamphlets, and other printed materials.","R11, C3, S3-S7 - C4, S2-S7\n\n\nR12, C1, S2-S7 - C4, S2-S7\n\n\nOS R7, C2, S1","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","American Civil Liberties Union","Hale Foundation","United States. Central Intelligence Agency","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Internal Security","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Un-American Activities","United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation","United States. Subversive Activities Control Board","McNamara, Francis J., 1915-2007","McCarthy, Joseph, 1908-1957","Walter, Francis E. (Francis Eugene), 1894-1963","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Francis J. McNamara papers, 1928/1997"],"collection_ssim":["Francis J. McNamara papers, 1928/1997"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0024","/repositories/2/resources/139"],"unitid_tesim":["C0024","/repositories/2/resources/139"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["Hollywood (Los Angeles, Calif.)","United States -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government -- 20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Hollywood (Los Angeles, Calif.)","United States -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government -- 20th century"],"places_ssim":["Hollywood (Los Angeles, Calif.)","United States -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government -- 20th century"],"creator_ssm":["McNamara, Francis J., 1915-2007"],"creator_ssim":["McNamara, Francis J., 1915-2007"],"creator_persname_ssim":["McNamara, Francis J., 1915-2007","McCarthy, Joseph, 1908-1957","Walter, Francis E. (Francis Eugene), 1894-1963"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","American Civil Liberties Union","Hale Foundation","United States. Central Intelligence Agency","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Internal Security","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Un-American Activities","United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation","United States. Subversive Activities Control Board"],"creators_ssim":["McNamara, Francis J., 1915-2007","McCarthy, Joseph, 1908-1957","Walter, Francis E. (Francis Eugene), 1894-1963","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","American Civil Liberties Union","Hale Foundation","United States. Central Intelligence Agency","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Internal Security","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Un-American Activities","United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation","United States. Subversive Activities Control Board"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was donated by Francis J. McNamara in four deposits during the period 1995 to 1998."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Radicalism -- United States -- History -- 20th century","Subversive activities -- United States -- History -- 20th century","Espionage, American -- History -- 20th century","Cold War -- Social aspects -- United States","Communism -- United States -- History -- 20th century","Vietnam War, 1961-1975 -- Protest movements -- United States"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Radicalism -- United States -- History -- 20th century","Subversive activities -- United States -- History -- 20th century","Espionage, American -- History -- 20th century","Cold War -- Social aspects -- United States","Communism -- United States -- History -- 20th century","Vietnam War, 1961-1975 -- Protest movements -- United States"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["109.5 Linear Feet 216 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["109.5 Linear Feet 216 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOrganized into three series.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eSeries\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Anti-Communism and Subversive Activities, 1928-1975 (Boxes 1-154)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: National Security, 1976-1997 (Boxes 155-214)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: Realia, 1950s (Box 215)\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Organized into three series.","Series\n      Series 1: Anti-Communism and Subversive Activities, 1928-1975 (Boxes 1-154)\n      Series 2: National Security, 1976-1997 (Boxes 155-214)\n      Series 3: Realia, 1950s (Box 215)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrancis John McNamara was born in Brooklyn, New York in 1915. After earning degrees at St. John's University in 1938 and Niagara University in 1939 (both in English), he joined the U.S. Army during World War II. He served in Asia in the China-Burma theater of operations as an intelligence officer and attained the rank of Major. After the war, married his wife of fifty-five years, Katherine Foley, and joined the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) assisting in the Jehol and Hupeh provinces of China. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhen he returned to the United States in 1948, he went to work as a researcher for American Business Consultants, Inc., in New York City, a security firm and publisher of the anticommunist newsletter Counterattack. In January of 1950 he became editor of Counterattack where he remained until May of 1954. He then moved to Washington, D.C., to head the National Security Program of the Veterans of Foreign Wars (VFW). In 1958 he left the VFW to serve as a research analyst and consultant to the House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC). In 1961 he became director of research at HUAC, and in 1962, its staff director. In 1970 he went to work for the Subversive Activities Control Board (SACB), where he served as executive secretary. In 1981 he became executive director of the Nathan Hale Foundation. He served as vice-chairman of the Security and Intelligence Foundation from 1987-90 and was a senior fellow at the Center for Intelligence Studies in Arlington, Virginia. McNamara died on February 27, 2007 at the age of 91. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Francis John McNamara was born in Brooklyn, New York in 1915. After earning degrees at St. John's University in 1938 and Niagara University in 1939 (both in English), he joined the U.S. Army during World War II. He served in Asia in the China-Burma theater of operations as an intelligence officer and attained the rank of Major. After the war, married his wife of fifty-five years, Katherine Foley, and joined the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) assisting in the Jehol and Hupeh provinces of China.","When he returned to the United States in 1948, he went to work as a researcher for American Business Consultants, Inc., in New York City, a security firm and publisher of the anticommunist newsletter Counterattack. In January of 1950 he became editor of Counterattack where he remained until May of 1954. He then moved to Washington, D.C., to head the National Security Program of the Veterans of Foreign Wars (VFW). In 1958 he left the VFW to serve as a research analyst and consultant to the House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC). In 1961 he became director of research at HUAC, and in 1962, its staff director. In 1970 he went to work for the Subversive Activities Control Board (SACB), where he served as executive secretary. In 1981 he became executive director of the Nathan Hale Foundation. He served as vice-chairman of the Security and Intelligence Foundation from 1987-90 and was a senior fellow at the Center for Intelligence Studies in Arlington, Virginia. McNamara died on February 27, 2007 at the age of 91."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrancis J. McNamara papers, C0024, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University. George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Francis J. McNamara papers, C0024, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University. George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Francis J. McNamara Papers were processed between 1995 and 2009 by Special Collections Research Center Staff. During this processing period, SCRC retained the donor's original filing scheme (alphabetical arrangement by subject/topic). A print finding aid (Francis J. McNamara collection: Finding Aid and Research Guide with Index) was initially published in 1997, which described the first 52 boxes. In 2007 the remaining portion of the collection was processed by Benjamin Ranta and Colva Weissenstein, and an EAD finding aid was prepared. Final processing was completed by David Arditi and Kelsey Willingham in 2008-2009. EAD revisions completed by David Arditi and Kelsey Willingham in 2008-2009.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The Francis J. McNamara Papers were processed between 1995 and 2009 by Special Collections Research Center Staff. During this processing period, SCRC retained the donor's original filing scheme (alphabetical arrangement by subject/topic). A print finding aid (Francis J. McNamara collection: Finding Aid and Research Guide with Index) was initially published in 1997, which described the first 52 boxes. In 2007 the remaining portion of the collection was processed by Benjamin Ranta and Colva Weissenstein, and an EAD finding aid was prepared. Final processing was completed by David Arditi and Kelsey Willingham in 2008-2009. EAD revisions completed by David Arditi and Kelsey Willingham in 2008-2009."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections Research Center also holds a small collection of books from McNamara's personal library (283 titles in total). These can be found in the University Libraries catalog \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Catalog\" href=\"http://library.gmu.edu/\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e with a keyword search on \"Francis J. McNamara collection\".\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Special Collections Research Center also holds a small collection of books from McNamara's personal library (283 titles in total). These can be found in the University Libraries catalog  with a keyword search on \"Francis J. McNamara collection\"."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Francis J. McNamara Papers represent his lifelong career and study in the field of anticommunism and national security. Materials which comprise this collection track both his employment and interests during the period 1947-1997, including his work at American Business Consultants (1948-1954), the VFW (1954-1958), HUAC(1958-1969), SACB (1970-1973), and later consulting and editing work. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTypes of materials include magazine and news clippings regarding subjects of interest to McNamara; final versions of U.S. government reports pertaining to investigations of individuals and/or organizations suspected of subversive activity; manuscript notes; correspondence both to and from McNamara; and pamphlets, journals and newsletters from both the left and right sides of the political spectrum covering the period 1928 through 1997. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMain subject areas include but are not limited to: domestic and foreign communism; the Cold War (i.e. the Soviet Bloc, China, Korea, Vietnam, and Latin America); espionage and intelligence; political and cultural figures; entertainment and news media; the antiwar movement; assassinations; and domestic groups (i.e. the Black Panthers, KKK, SNCC, and the Weather Underground). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe first series covers the first half of Francis McNamara's career, with collected material roughly covering the years 1928-1975. This series contains material from McNamara's career with the House Un-American Activities Committee in Congress and later with the Subversive Activities Control Board. The second series covers the second half of Francis McNamara's career, corresponding roughly with the dates 1976-1997. This series contains material from McNamara's career at the Hale Foundation and later work. The third series, consisting of one box, contains regalia and various artifacts such as stamps, notecards, and notebooks used by McNamara. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Francis J. McNamara Papers represent his lifelong career and study in the field of anticommunism and national security. Materials which comprise this collection track both his employment and interests during the period 1947-1997, including his work at American Business Consultants (1948-1954), the VFW (1954-1958), HUAC(1958-1969), SACB (1970-1973), and later consulting and editing work.","Types of materials include magazine and news clippings regarding subjects of interest to McNamara; final versions of U.S. government reports pertaining to investigations of individuals and/or organizations suspected of subversive activity; manuscript notes; correspondence both to and from McNamara; and pamphlets, journals and newsletters from both the left and right sides of the political spectrum covering the period 1928 through 1997.","Main subject areas include but are not limited to: domestic and foreign communism; the Cold War (i.e. the Soviet Bloc, China, Korea, Vietnam, and Latin America); espionage and intelligence; political and cultural figures; entertainment and news media; the antiwar movement; assassinations; and domestic groups (i.e. the Black Panthers, KKK, SNCC, and the Weather Underground).","The first series covers the first half of Francis McNamara's career, with collected material roughly covering the years 1928-1975. This series contains material from McNamara's career with the House Un-American Activities Committee in Congress and later with the Subversive Activities Control Board. The second series covers the second half of Francis McNamara's career, corresponding roughly with the dates 1976-1997. This series contains material from McNamara's career at the Hale Foundation and later work. The third series, consisting of one box, contains regalia and various artifacts such as stamps, notecards, and notebooks used by McNamara."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_4be41bef83b492fd1ece72e24031bfec\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Francis J. McNamara papers contains materials collected by Francis J. McNamara dating from 1928 to 1997 pertaining to American politics and culture during this period. The main concentration in this collection deals with national security with respect to the influence of Communism, the Civil Rights Movement, and the counterculture. It is comprised of newspaper and magazine articles, letters, memoranda and other personal documents, U.S. government documents, pamphlets, and other printed materials.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Francis J. McNamara papers contains materials collected by Francis J. McNamara dating from 1928 to 1997 pertaining to American politics and culture during this period. The main concentration in this collection deals with national security with respect to the influence of Communism, the Civil Rights Movement, and the counterculture. It is comprised of newspaper and magazine articles, letters, memoranda and other personal documents, U.S. government documents, pamphlets, and other printed materials."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_1a5db7978b0180701aa58c1b36c8b2e3\"\u003e\nR11, C3, S3-S7 - C4, S2-S7\n\n\nR12, C1, S2-S7 - C4, S2-S7\n\n\nOS R7, C2, S1\n\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R11, C3, S3-S7 - C4, S2-S7\n\n\nR12, C1, S2-S7 - C4, S2-S7\n\n\nOS R7, C2, S1"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","American Civil Liberties Union","Hale Foundation","United States. Central Intelligence Agency","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Internal Security","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Un-American Activities","United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation","United States. Subversive Activities Control Board"],"names_coll_ssim":["American Civil Liberties Union","Hale Foundation","United States. Central Intelligence Agency","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Internal Security","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Un-American Activities","United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation","United States. Subversive Activities Control Board","McCarthy, Joseph, 1908-1957","Walter, Francis E. (Francis Eugene), 1894-1963"],"persname_ssim":["McNamara, Francis J., 1915-2007","McCarthy, Joseph, 1908-1957","Walter, Francis E. (Francis Eugene), 1894-1963"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","American Civil Liberties Union","Hale Foundation","United States. Central Intelligence Agency","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Internal Security","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Un-American Activities","United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation","United States. Subversive Activities Control Board","McNamara, Francis J., 1915-2007","McCarthy, Joseph, 1908-1957","Walter, Francis E. (Francis Eugene), 1894-1963"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":2344,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:34:17.521Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_139_c01_c183"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_14_c06_c23","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Buffalo, New York, 1935/1949","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_14_c06_c23#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eInternational Railway Company.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_14_c06_c23#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_14_c06_c23","ref_ssm":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_14_c06_c23"],"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_14_c06_c23","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_14","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_14","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_14_c06","parent_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_14_c06","parent_ssim":["American Public Transportation Association records, 1898/1999","Series 6: Local Transit, 1898/1992"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_14","vifgm_repositories_2_resources_14_c06"],"title_filing_ssi":"Buffalo, New York","title_ssm":["Buffalo, New York"],"title_tesim":["Buffalo, New York"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Buffalo, New York, 1935/1949"],"text":["Buffalo, New York, 1935/1949","American Public Transportation Association records, 1898/1999","Series 6: Local Transit, 1898/1992","box 157","folder 1","International Railway Company."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["American Public Transportation Association records, 1898/1999","Series 6: Local Transit, 1898/1992"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["American Public Transportation Association records, 1898/1999","Series 6: Local Transit, 1898/1992"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1935/1949"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1935-1949"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":1524,"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"collection_ssim":["American Public Transportation Association records, 1898/1999"],"containers_ssim":["box 157","folder 1"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no access restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"date_range_isim":[1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eInternational Railway Company.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["International Railway Company."],"_nest_path_":"/components#5/components#22","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:34:21.201Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_14","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_14","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_14","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_14","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_14.xml","title_filing_ssi":"American Public Transportation Association records","title_ssm":["American Public Transportation Association records"],"title_tesim":["American Public Transportation Association records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1898-1999"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1898-1999"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1898/1999"],"normalized_title_ssm":["American Public Transportation Association records, 1898/1999"],"text":["American Public Transportation Association records, 1898/1999","C0051","/repositories/2/resources/14","Transportation -- United States","Transportation -- United States -- Planning","Local transit -- United States","Federal aid to transportation -- United States","Maps","Transportation","Urban transportation","Photographs","Correspondence","There are no access restrictions.","A selection of documents from the collection are available through the .","Arranged into seven series.","Series\n      Series 1: Committees, 1908-1987\n      Series 2: Meetings and Publications, 1928-1997\n      Series 3: Equipment, Finances, and Statistics, 1927-1992\n      Series 4: Legislation, 1918-1977\n      Series 5: Labor, 1933-1978\n      Series 6: Local Transit, 1898-1992\n      Series 7: Oversize, 1946-1999","The organization that would eventually become APTA first organized as the American Street Railway Association on December 12, 1882, in Boston, Massachusetts.  The initial meetings focused on the price of oats for the horses that pulled transit vehicles, but that focus evolved as more transit companies built electric systems.  In 1905, the group met in New York and reorganized as the American Street and Interurban Railway Transportation and Traffic Association.  To encompass even more modes of electric transit, the group changed its name once again to the American Electric Railway Transportation and Traffic Association in 1910.  By 1932, many of the transit systems relied on motor coaches and trolleys in addition to electric streetcars, so the organization executives chose to be known as the American Transit Association (ATA).  In 1966 the ATA relocated from New York City to Washington, D.C., as a result of increasing reliance on federal funding, especially with the passage of the Urban Mass Transportation Act in 1964 and the creation of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (now the Federal Transit Administration).  The American Public Transit Association (APTA) was created in 1974 when the American Transit Association and the Institute for Rapid Transit (IRT) merged.  The IRT dated back to 1929 and formally organized on June 7, 1961.  In 1976, the Transit Development Corporation also merged with APTA.  In January 2000 the name of the organization was changed to the American Public Transportation Association.  Despite the various name changes, the mission of the organization has more or less remained the same.  The organization specializes in issues dealing with transit equipment, transit management, and labor issues.  In the 1970s, the organization developed a closer working relationship with the federal government as more and more transit systems became publicly financed.  Today APTA is a leading participant in research and legislation regarding the North American transportation industry and issues relating to it.","Processing completed by Jordan Patty in 2013. EAD markup completed in January 2013 by Jordan Patty.","The Special Collections Research Center holds numerous collections on transportation and planning.","The American Public Transportation Association records consist of material pertaining to the activities of APTA as well as both the American Transit Association (ATA) and the Institute for Rapid Transit (IRT). Types of materials in the collection include: memoranda, correspondence, reports, legislative information, industry-related information (such as brochures and technical reports), and membership information.","Series 1: Committees includes correspondence, meeting minutes, and reports created by various committees as well as some subcommittees in APTA and ATA.  The composition of the committees typically included association staff and transit system managers.  The committees largely worked on issues related to equipment and finances with a smaller number devoted to legislation, marketing, and labor issues.  The committees and subcommittees overlap to some extent due to changes in the structure of the association and as a result of changes in transit priorities.  The folders date back to the 1908 and the American Electric Railway Transportation and Traffic Association, a precursor to ATA, but many of the folders consist of committee work from the 1970s.","Series 2: Meetings and Publications includes organizational documents such as the constitution, by-laws, annual reports, and press releases.  There is also correspondence and information on industry group meetings attended by APTA officials.  Officials attended local, national, and international conferences on planning, equipment, and management.  There are also files on meetings held by groups with APTA, such as the Rail Transit Group.  The organizational documents date from the 1920s, but many of the meeting files are from the 1960s and 1970s.","Series 3: Equipment, Finances, and Statistics is the largest series and consists of a wide range of topics on technical and financial issues.  The documents on equipment cover the various vehicles used by transit systems including streetcars, trolley coaches, motor buses, and trains.  In particular there are a large number of files on the testing and technical specifications about the Urban Rapid Rail Vehicle and Systems Program Advanced Concept Train, a joint project undertaken in the late 1970s by both APTA and the U.S. Department of Transportation.  The financial and statistical files overlap to some extent since there are many files on subjects such as fares and accident claims.  Other statistical files consist of data on route configurations and responses to questionnaires on a variety of topics, such as the use of tires.  Also found in this series are files on specific advisory and technology and advisory boards that existed within APTA.  The files in this series largely date from the 1940s through the 1980s.","Series 4: Legislation contains files on legislation, primarily federal, that impacted the transit industry.  Many of files focus on the attempts by Congress to pass legislation in the 1970s to provide large-scale funding for transit by using revenue from the Highway Trust Fund, which was established in 1956 to finance the construction of the national interstate system. Documents include correspondence, congressional testimonies, drafts of bills, and reports.  There are also several folders that document efforts to fund transit at the state level.","Series 5: Labor consists of reports, correspondence, and legislation on various labor and employment subjects.  In particular there are a large number of files on 13(c), a section of the Urban Mass Transportation Act that allowed unions to dispute federal funding for transit systems if they believed that workers would be adversely affected.  Another large group of documents found in this series are annual reports on wages and working conditions compiled from information sent in by transit system managers.  There are also some files on hiring practices and training.  The files largely date from the 1940s to the 1970s.","Series 6: Local Transit consists of files on transit systems in cities and states in the U.S. as well as some files on international cities.  The files mostly consist of clippings sent in by transit system managers, but there are also maps, pamphlets, reports, and other documents in many of the folders.  There is some overlap between the folders with city titles and the folders with state titles.  For instance, there may be some files on Boston found in the \"Massachusetts\" folder, but in general the folders with the city titles contain the bulk of the information on the transit systems in those particular cities.  For the most part, the clippings document the problems faced by the private transit companies following World War II, and some of the folders contain charts and tables on the transit company failures all across the United States.","Series 7: Oversize contains some issues of the APTA publication Passenger Transport, and there are also two reports: one on the Chicago Transit Authority and another one a planning project in Honolulu, Hawaii.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","The American Public Transportation Association records consist of material pertaining to the activities of APTA as well as both the American Transit Association (ATA) and the Institute for Rapid Transit (IRT). Types of materials in the collection include: memoranda, correspondence, reports, legislative information, industry-related information (such as brochures and technical reports), and membership information.","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","American Public Transportation Association","American Electric Railway Association","American Transit Association","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["American Public Transportation Association records, 1898/1999"],"collection_ssim":["American Public Transportation Association records, 1898/1999"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0051","/repositories/2/resources/14"],"unitid_tesim":["C0051","/repositories/2/resources/14"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["American Public Transportation Association"],"creator_ssim":["American Public Transportation Association"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","American Public Transportation Association","American Electric Railway Association","American Transit Association"],"creators_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","American Public Transportation Association","American Electric Railway Association","American Transit Association"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Jim Olivetti, Information Center Manager, Department of Transportation, 2000."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Transportation -- United States","Transportation -- United States -- Planning","Local transit -- United States","Federal aid to transportation -- United States","Maps","Transportation","Urban transportation","Photographs","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Transportation -- United States","Transportation -- United States -- Planning","Local transit -- United States","Federal aid to transportation -- United States","Maps","Transportation","Urban transportation","Photographs","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["94 Linear Feet 189 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["94 Linear Feet 189 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Photographs","Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA selection of documents from the collection are available through the \u003cextptr title=\"American Public Transportation records online collection\" show=\"new\" href=\"http://images.gmu.edu/luna/servlet/s/xd3dpv\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternate Format Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["A selection of documents from the collection are available through the ."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged into seven series.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eSeries\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Committees, 1908-1987\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Meetings and Publications, 1928-1997\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: Equipment, Finances, and Statistics, 1927-1992\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 4: Legislation, 1918-1977\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 5: Labor, 1933-1978\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 6: Local Transit, 1898-1992\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 7: Oversize, 1946-1999\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged into seven series.","Series\n      Series 1: Committees, 1908-1987\n      Series 2: Meetings and Publications, 1928-1997\n      Series 3: Equipment, Finances, and Statistics, 1927-1992\n      Series 4: Legislation, 1918-1977\n      Series 5: Labor, 1933-1978\n      Series 6: Local Transit, 1898-1992\n      Series 7: Oversize, 1946-1999"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe organization that would eventually become APTA first organized as the American Street Railway Association on December 12, 1882, in Boston, Massachusetts.  The initial meetings focused on the price of oats for the horses that pulled transit vehicles, but that focus evolved as more transit companies built electric systems.  In 1905, the group met in New York and reorganized as the American Street and Interurban Railway Transportation and Traffic Association.  To encompass even more modes of electric transit, the group changed its name once again to the American Electric Railway Transportation and Traffic Association in 1910.  By 1932, many of the transit systems relied on motor coaches and trolleys in addition to electric streetcars, so the organization executives chose to be known as the American Transit Association (ATA).  In 1966 the ATA relocated from New York City to Washington, D.C., as a result of increasing reliance on federal funding, especially with the passage of the Urban Mass Transportation Act in 1964 and the creation of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (now the Federal Transit Administration).  The American Public Transit Association (APTA) was created in 1974 when the American Transit Association and the Institute for Rapid Transit (IRT) merged.  The IRT dated back to 1929 and formally organized on June 7, 1961.  In 1976, the Transit Development Corporation also merged with APTA.  In January 2000 the name of the organization was changed to the American Public Transportation Association.  Despite the various name changes, the mission of the organization has more or less remained the same.  The organization specializes in issues dealing with transit equipment, transit management, and labor issues.  In the 1970s, the organization developed a closer working relationship with the federal government as more and more transit systems became publicly financed.  Today APTA is a leading participant in research and legislation regarding the North American transportation industry and issues relating to it.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The organization that would eventually become APTA first organized as the American Street Railway Association on December 12, 1882, in Boston, Massachusetts.  The initial meetings focused on the price of oats for the horses that pulled transit vehicles, but that focus evolved as more transit companies built electric systems.  In 1905, the group met in New York and reorganized as the American Street and Interurban Railway Transportation and Traffic Association.  To encompass even more modes of electric transit, the group changed its name once again to the American Electric Railway Transportation and Traffic Association in 1910.  By 1932, many of the transit systems relied on motor coaches and trolleys in addition to electric streetcars, so the organization executives chose to be known as the American Transit Association (ATA).  In 1966 the ATA relocated from New York City to Washington, D.C., as a result of increasing reliance on federal funding, especially with the passage of the Urban Mass Transportation Act in 1964 and the creation of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (now the Federal Transit Administration).  The American Public Transit Association (APTA) was created in 1974 when the American Transit Association and the Institute for Rapid Transit (IRT) merged.  The IRT dated back to 1929 and formally organized on June 7, 1961.  In 1976, the Transit Development Corporation also merged with APTA.  In January 2000 the name of the organization was changed to the American Public Transportation Association.  Despite the various name changes, the mission of the organization has more or less remained the same.  The organization specializes in issues dealing with transit equipment, transit management, and labor issues.  In the 1970s, the organization developed a closer working relationship with the federal government as more and more transit systems became publicly financed.  Today APTA is a leading participant in research and legislation regarding the North American transportation industry and issues relating to it."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAmerican Public Transportation Association records, C0051, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["American Public Transportation Association records, C0051, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Jordan Patty in 2013. EAD markup completed in January 2013 by Jordan Patty.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing completed by Jordan Patty in 2013. EAD markup completed in January 2013 by Jordan Patty."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center holds numerous collections on transportation and planning.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center holds numerous collections on transportation and planning."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe American Public Transportation Association records consist of material pertaining to the activities of APTA as well as both the American Transit Association (ATA) and the Institute for Rapid Transit (IRT). Types of materials in the collection include: memoranda, correspondence, reports, legislative information, industry-related information (such as brochures and technical reports), and membership information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Committees includes correspondence, meeting minutes, and reports created by various committees as well as some subcommittees in APTA and ATA.  The composition of the committees typically included association staff and transit system managers.  The committees largely worked on issues related to equipment and finances with a smaller number devoted to legislation, marketing, and labor issues.  The committees and subcommittees overlap to some extent due to changes in the structure of the association and as a result of changes in transit priorities.  The folders date back to the 1908 and the American Electric Railway Transportation and Traffic Association, a precursor to ATA, but many of the folders consist of committee work from the 1970s.            \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Meetings and Publications includes organizational documents such as the constitution, by-laws, annual reports, and press releases.  There is also correspondence and information on industry group meetings attended by APTA officials.  Officials attended local, national, and international conferences on planning, equipment, and management.  There are also files on meetings held by groups with APTA, such as the Rail Transit Group.  The organizational documents date from the 1920s, but many of the meeting files are from the 1960s and 1970s.             \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Equipment, Finances, and Statistics is the largest series and consists of a wide range of topics on technical and financial issues.  The documents on equipment cover the various vehicles used by transit systems including streetcars, trolley coaches, motor buses, and trains.  In particular there are a large number of files on the testing and technical specifications about the Urban Rapid Rail Vehicle and Systems Program Advanced Concept Train, a joint project undertaken in the late 1970s by both APTA and the U.S. Department of Transportation.  The financial and statistical files overlap to some extent since there are many files on subjects such as fares and accident claims.  Other statistical files consist of data on route configurations and responses to questionnaires on a variety of topics, such as the use of tires.  Also found in this series are files on specific advisory and technology and advisory boards that existed within APTA.  The files in this series largely date from the 1940s through the 1980s.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Legislation contains files on legislation, primarily federal, that impacted the transit industry.  Many of files focus on the attempts by Congress to pass legislation in the 1970s to provide large-scale funding for transit by using revenue from the Highway Trust Fund, which was established in 1956 to finance the construction of the national interstate system. Documents include correspondence, congressional testimonies, drafts of bills, and reports.  There are also several folders that document efforts to fund transit at the state level.            \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Labor consists of reports, correspondence, and legislation on various labor and employment subjects.  In particular there are a large number of files on 13(c), a section of the Urban Mass Transportation Act that allowed unions to dispute federal funding for transit systems if they believed that workers would be adversely affected.  Another large group of documents found in this series are annual reports on wages and working conditions compiled from information sent in by transit system managers.  There are also some files on hiring practices and training.  The files largely date from the 1940s to the 1970s.         \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6: Local Transit consists of files on transit systems in cities and states in the U.S. as well as some files on international cities.  The files mostly consist of clippings sent in by transit system managers, but there are also maps, pamphlets, reports, and other documents in many of the folders.  There is some overlap between the folders with city titles and the folders with state titles.  For instance, there may be some files on Boston found in the \"Massachusetts\" folder, but in general the folders with the city titles contain the bulk of the information on the transit systems in those particular cities.  For the most part, the clippings document the problems faced by the private transit companies following World War II, and some of the folders contain charts and tables on the transit company failures all across the United States.               \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 7: Oversize contains some issues of the APTA publication Passenger Transport, and there are also two reports: one on the Chicago Transit Authority and another one a planning project in Honolulu, Hawaii. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The American Public Transportation Association records consist of material pertaining to the activities of APTA as well as both the American Transit Association (ATA) and the Institute for Rapid Transit (IRT). Types of materials in the collection include: memoranda, correspondence, reports, legislative information, industry-related information (such as brochures and technical reports), and membership information.","Series 1: Committees includes correspondence, meeting minutes, and reports created by various committees as well as some subcommittees in APTA and ATA.  The composition of the committees typically included association staff and transit system managers.  The committees largely worked on issues related to equipment and finances with a smaller number devoted to legislation, marketing, and labor issues.  The committees and subcommittees overlap to some extent due to changes in the structure of the association and as a result of changes in transit priorities.  The folders date back to the 1908 and the American Electric Railway Transportation and Traffic Association, a precursor to ATA, but many of the folders consist of committee work from the 1970s.","Series 2: Meetings and Publications includes organizational documents such as the constitution, by-laws, annual reports, and press releases.  There is also correspondence and information on industry group meetings attended by APTA officials.  Officials attended local, national, and international conferences on planning, equipment, and management.  There are also files on meetings held by groups with APTA, such as the Rail Transit Group.  The organizational documents date from the 1920s, but many of the meeting files are from the 1960s and 1970s.","Series 3: Equipment, Finances, and Statistics is the largest series and consists of a wide range of topics on technical and financial issues.  The documents on equipment cover the various vehicles used by transit systems including streetcars, trolley coaches, motor buses, and trains.  In particular there are a large number of files on the testing and technical specifications about the Urban Rapid Rail Vehicle and Systems Program Advanced Concept Train, a joint project undertaken in the late 1970s by both APTA and the U.S. Department of Transportation.  The financial and statistical files overlap to some extent since there are many files on subjects such as fares and accident claims.  Other statistical files consist of data on route configurations and responses to questionnaires on a variety of topics, such as the use of tires.  Also found in this series are files on specific advisory and technology and advisory boards that existed within APTA.  The files in this series largely date from the 1940s through the 1980s.","Series 4: Legislation contains files on legislation, primarily federal, that impacted the transit industry.  Many of files focus on the attempts by Congress to pass legislation in the 1970s to provide large-scale funding for transit by using revenue from the Highway Trust Fund, which was established in 1956 to finance the construction of the national interstate system. Documents include correspondence, congressional testimonies, drafts of bills, and reports.  There are also several folders that document efforts to fund transit at the state level.","Series 5: Labor consists of reports, correspondence, and legislation on various labor and employment subjects.  In particular there are a large number of files on 13(c), a section of the Urban Mass Transportation Act that allowed unions to dispute federal funding for transit systems if they believed that workers would be adversely affected.  Another large group of documents found in this series are annual reports on wages and working conditions compiled from information sent in by transit system managers.  There are also some files on hiring practices and training.  The files largely date from the 1940s to the 1970s.","Series 6: Local Transit consists of files on transit systems in cities and states in the U.S. as well as some files on international cities.  The files mostly consist of clippings sent in by transit system managers, but there are also maps, pamphlets, reports, and other documents in many of the folders.  There is some overlap between the folders with city titles and the folders with state titles.  For instance, there may be some files on Boston found in the \"Massachusetts\" folder, but in general the folders with the city titles contain the bulk of the information on the transit systems in those particular cities.  For the most part, the clippings document the problems faced by the private transit companies following World War II, and some of the folders contain charts and tables on the transit company failures all across the United States.","Series 7: Oversize contains some issues of the APTA publication Passenger Transport, and there are also two reports: one on the Chicago Transit Authority and another one a planning project in Honolulu, Hawaii."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_faa1e60c83c8659f77ecdee0a39c2732\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe American Public Transportation Association records consist of material pertaining to the activities of APTA as well as both the American Transit Association (ATA) and the Institute for Rapid Transit (IRT). Types of materials in the collection include: memoranda, correspondence, reports, legislative information, industry-related information (such as brochures and technical reports), and membership information.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The American Public Transportation Association records consist of material pertaining to the activities of APTA as well as both the American Transit Association (ATA) and the Institute for Rapid Transit (IRT). Types of materials in the collection include: memoranda, correspondence, reports, legislative information, industry-related information (such as brochures and technical reports), and membership information."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","American Public Transportation Association","American Electric Railway Association","American Transit Association"],"names_coll_ssim":["American Electric Railway Association","American Transit Association"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","American Public Transportation Association","American Electric Railway Association","American Transit Association"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1799,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:34:21.201Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_14_c06_c23"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_651_c01_c27","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Burritt, Dwight and Stanley, 1932/1968","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_651_c01_c27#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_651_c01_c27","ref_ssm":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_651_c01_c27"],"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_651_c01_c27","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_651","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_651","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_651_c01","parent_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_651_c01","parent_ssim":["Lavinia Scott papers, 1998","Series 1: Correspondence, 1997"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_651","vifgm_repositories_2_resources_651_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"Burritt, Dwight and Stanley","title_ssm":["Burritt, Dwight and Stanley"],"title_tesim":["Burritt, Dwight and Stanley"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Burritt, Dwight and Stanley, 1932/1968"],"text":["Burritt, Dwight and Stanley, 1932/1968","Lavinia Scott papers, 1998","Series 1: Correspondence, 1997","box 1","folder 27"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Lavinia Scott papers, 1998","Series 1: Correspondence, 1997"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Lavinia Scott papers, 1998","Series 1: Correspondence, 1997"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1932/1968"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["December 1932, December 1968, circa 1990s"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":28,"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"collection_ssim":["Lavinia Scott papers, 1998"],"containers_ssim":["box 1","folder 27"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Certain materials in the collection are restricted due to personally identifiable information."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"date_range_isim":[1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#26","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:35:13.746Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_651","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_651","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_651","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_651","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_651.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Lavinia Scott papers","title_ssm":["Lavinia Scott papers"],"title_tesim":["Lavinia Scott papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1860s-1998"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1860s-1998"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1998"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Lavinia Scott papers, 1998"],"text":["Lavinia Scott papers, 1998","C0506","/repositories/2/resources/651","South Africa","KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa)","South Africa -- Politics and government -- 20th century","Education, Higher","Nguni (African people)","Nguni languages","Missions, South African","Education -- South Africa","Women missionaries","Apartheid","Anti-apartheid movements -- South Africa","South African newspapers","Social justice -- Religious aspects -- Christianity","Zulu (African people)","Correspondence","Postcards","Photographs","Newspapers","Slides","Certain materials in the collection are restricted due to personally identifiable information.","The collection is arranged in seven series.","Series\n      Series 1: Correspondence\n      Series 2: Professional activities\n      Series 3: Personal materials\n      Series 4: Newspapers and periodicals\n      Series 5: Photographs and negatives\n      Series 6: Audiovisual materials\n      Series 7: South African artifacts","Lavinia Scott (also known as Clara Lavinia Scott) was born on March 21, 1907 in Yankton, South Dakota to George Harvey and Mary Maud Cole Scott. The youngest of four children, including the future Dr. Franklin Scott, Lavinia spent her life surrounded by education. As a child she attended local public schools, including Jacksonville High School, and in 1923 enrolled in a Bachelor's degree program at Illinois College, where her father served as a Dean for eight years before his sudden death in 1926. Lavinia graduated the following year (1927) with a B.A. in History and it was here that she began to devote her life to education full-time, securing a teaching position with Illinois' Harvard Community High School District Number 153 which she held for approximately two years.","Around the beginning of the 1930s, Lavinia's focus shifted from secular education to international educational missionary work. She enrolled in a Master's program with the Yale Divinity School and upon moving to Connecticut spent two years in training with the United Congregational Church in Bridgeport. In August 1932, less than two months after receiving her Master of Art's degree in June, Lavinia was assigned a teaching position at Adams College (formerly Amanzimtoti Institute) in South Africa under the direction of the Congregational Church affiliated American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM).","Lavinia remained at Adams College until she was transferred to nearby Inanda Seminary in 1936 where she assumed the role of Principal, a title which she held for over 30 years. During this time, she fought back against the South African government's discriminatory Apartheid policies, particularly the Bantu Education Act of 1953, which both significantly lowered the quality of education available to Black South Africans and removed government funding for private missionary schools. She also oversaw the school's Centenary Celebration in 1969, as well as several expansions to the campus, including the beginning of what would become the \"Lavinia Scott Chapel\". In 1969, she left Inanda Seminary, transferring to the newly formed Federal Theological Seminary where she returned to a teaching position until her formal retirement circa 1974.","While her retirement saw a return to the United States, ultimately assuming residence in Claremont, California, it did not mean the end of her mission work. For the next 20 years, Lavinia was an active speaker on behalf of the newly formed United Church of Christ as a South African mission representative for the United Church Board for World Ministries (UCBWM), formerly the ABCFM. She also continued her social justice advocacy, working on behalf of both domestic and international causes, including extensive work throughout the 1980s with the Claremont branch of the Task Force on Central America. Despite her busy schedule, Lavinia still found time to continue her love of traveling, including domestic trips with family and friends, and several returns to South Africa and Inanda Seminary.","While Lavinia never fully stopped her missionary work, she did eventually move to a UCC affiliated retirement community in Claremont known as Pilgrim Place where she lived until her passing on July 10, 1997 at the age of 90. She is buried near her family in Jacksonville's Diamond Grove Cemetery.","Processing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner from September 2022 - August 2023. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in August 2023.","Northwestern University holds the Lavinia Scott (1907-1997) Papers which consists mostly of correspondence, largely to Lavinia's mother Mary Maud Scott, as well as the full Franklin D. Scott (1901-1994) Papers. Harvard University holds several archival collections for the American Board of Commissioners of Foreign Missions divided by location, including the African missions records, as well as the Finding Aid for the Inanda Seminary Oral History Project completed between 2008 – 2010.","The Lavinia Scott papers largely consist of correspondence, reports, newspapers, promotional materials, magazines, speeches, sermons, writings, educational records, travel maps and postcards, photographs, and audiovisual materials created between circa 1860s-1998. The collection contains 7 series.","Series 1: Correspondence (circa 1860s, 1900s-1997) includes sent and received correspondence, both personal and professional. Types of correspondence include postcards, letters on stationary, airmail letters, greeting cards, Christmas and general holiday letters, and carbon copies of sent letters. While the majority of the correspondence is between Lavinia Scott and others, this series also includes correspondence received by others that was then passed on to Lavinia either for review or after their passing. The bulk of the correspondence covers the 1920s – 1970s, with a slight gap in coverage during the 1980s, and a shift to more general cards and holiday letters in the 1990s. This series is arranged alphabetically by correspondent last name, group title, or type of correspondence, such as Family letters sent by Lavinia during her years in South Africa.","Series 2: Professional activities (1885, 1917-1997) includes both direct and indirect materials related to Lavinia's professional life as a Christian missionary speaker and educator. It is further divided into two subseries. Subseries 1: South African mission (1885, 1917-1990s) includes all materials related to both Lavinia's direct education work in South Africa (such as reports, magazines, newsletters, promotional materials, yearbooks, speech/sermon drafts), materials related to both American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions and United Church Board for World Ministries themselves (reports, meeting minutes, policy guides, conference materials), and any general materials or writing related to South Africa, particularly regarding mission work and the fight against Apartheid. The bulk of the materials cover the 1930s – 1970s, with some more general materials from the 1980s – 1990s. This subseries is arranged alphabetically, primarily by organization name (including Adams College, Inanda Seminary, and Federal Theological Seminary) or material type. Writings were divided by title and arranged alphabetically by author's last name where possible. Subseries 2: United Church of Christ (1919 – 1997) includes all other professional materials related to Lavinia's work with the United Church of Christ, and the earlier Congregational Christian Church, not directly connected to the South African mission. These include materials from local Congregational and United Church of Christ congregations, general conference materials, extensive materials from Lavinia's involvement with the Central American Task Force in Claremont, CA, and general writings and speeches related to Christianity. The bulk of the materials cover the 1920s – 1930s and the 1970s – 1990s. Items are arranged alphabetically, primarily by organization name or material type. Writings were divided by title and arranged alphabetically by author's last name where possible. Newsletters and periodicals published by affiliated professional and/or religious organizations can be found in Series 4.","Series 3: Personal materials (1891, circa 1909-1998) includes materials related to Lavinia's personal life, including family, friends, and personal travels. It is further divided into three subseries. Subseries 1: Records and mementos (1891, circa 1909 – 1998) includes educational records, creative writings by Lavinia and others, souvenirs and other mementos, travel maps and brochures, personal and correspondence notes, and publications by Lavinia's brother Dr. Franklin Scott. Items are arranged alphabetically, primarily by creator, organization, or material type. Writings were divided by title and arranged alphabetically by author's last name where possible. Subseries 2: Souvenir and travel postcards (circa 1930s – 1980s) includes all non-correspondence souvenir postcards grouped together by general location, starting with non-South African international, followed by United States, South Africa, and general Africa. Postcards used for correspondence can be found in Series 1 and personal photographic postcards can be found in Series 5. Subseries 3: Daily diaries (1920 – 1997) consists of Lavinia's 45 individual personal daily diaries, arranged chronologically. Several diaries contain entries for multiple years.","Series 4: Newspapers and periodicals (1920s – 1997) includes news and periodical print publications and newsletters, both full text and selections, including many from South Africa in both English and Afrikaans. It is further divided into two subseries. Sub-series 1: Full text editions (1927 - 1997) includes all full editions of newspapers, magazines, and newsletters. Magazines and newsletters published by schools and colleges, such as Inanda Seminary and Illinois College, are kept in context and can be found in Series 2-3. Subseries 2: Clippings (1920s - 1997) includes article or section clippings from newspapers, magazines, and newsletters. Most articles cover social and political stories related to South Africa, Apartheid policies and resistance, Lavinia's speaking engagements or mission work, and members of the Scott and Stearns family, such as marriage announcements or community profiles.","Series 5: Photographs and negatives (circa 1870s – 1990s) includes photographs and negatives related to Lavinia's work and personal life. The contents cover a wide array of sizes and mediums, including gelatin prints, black and white and color snapshots, and color processed prints. Many, but not all, prints include some level of identifying inscription on the back, including stamps from local photographers. It is further divided into two subseries. Sub-series 1: South African mission (1930s – 1990s) includes photographs that document Lavinia's work as a missionary educator in South Africa. Major areas of coverage include Inanda Seminary, including campus development, Centennial Celebration, staff and student group and individual portraits, and visits by Lavinia and others after the 1970s, as well as Adams College, The Federal Theological Seminary, and visits by American Board of Commissioners of Foreign Missions representatives and South African political figures such as Chief Lutuli (also spelled Luthuli). Prints have been divided into groupings based on general size or type; further organization by subject has not been completed at this time. Sub-series 2: Personal travel (1920s – 1990s) includes photographs that document Lavinia's personal, non-mission related travel with family and friends mostly within the United States. Prints have been divided into groupings based on general size or type with some attempt at organization by location where possible based on identifying information provided. Sub-series 3: Family (1870s – 1990s) includes photographs of Lavinia's family and friends, including formal portraits. Prints have been divided into groupings based on general size or type with some attempt at organization by subject and/or time period where possible based on identifying information provided. Sub-series 4: Negatives (circa 1930s – 1990s) includes all negatives covering subjects from each of the three sub-series. Negatives have been grouped where possible by size and most do not include identifying information; further organization by subject has not been completed at this time.","Series 6: Audiovisual materials (circa 1930s – 1997) includes all audiovisual materials including photographic slides, both labeled and unlabeled cassette and VHS tapes, three professional .45 records, and one unlabeled Magnetophoband BASF reel to reel tape. Cassette and VHS contents reflect Lavinia's mission work in South Africa, including recordings of sermons and ceremonies at Inanda Seminary, sermons and speeches on various religious and social issues, and oral history interviews with mission workers such as Lou Ann Parsons, as well as 6-7 tapes containing an extensive interview with Lavinia herself. The bulk of these materials cover the 1970s – 1980s. Additionally, the photographic slides depict both South African mission work and Inanda Seminary, as well as personal family events and travels, including numerous souvenir professional slides from international locations. The bulk of these materials cover the 1950s – 1970s. All items in this series have been grouped by medium; some photographic slides include identifying information but, further organization by subject has not been completed at this time.","Series 7: South African artifacts (circa 1970s – 1980s) includes carvings, beadwork, and other artifacts likely purchased by or gifted to Lavinia during a return trip to South Africa that reflect Zulu cultural traditions and crafts.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","The Lavinia Scott papers consist of materials created and collected by missionary educator Lavinia Scott (1907 – 1997) covering circa 1860s-1998. This includes materials created by the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, the United Church Board for World Ministries, the United Church of Christ, and South Africa's Inanda Seminary. The collection covers Lavinia's personal and professional life working and living as a missionary educator in South Africa.","R 71, C 1, S 2 - S 5\n\nR 72, C 3, S 7\n\nR 72, C 4, S 2 - S 7\n\nMap Case 8.3\n\nOS R 2, C 1, S 3","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Adams College (Amanzimtoti, South Africa)","Amanzimtoti Institute","American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions","General Council of the Congregational Christian Churches of the United States","Illinois College","Inanda Seminary (Inanda, South Africa)","United Church Board for World Ministries","United Church of Christ","Scott, Lavinia, 1907-1997","Stearns, Peter N.","Luthuli, A. J. (Albert John), 1898-1967","Paton, Alan","Scott, Franklin D. (Franklin Daniel), 1901-1994","Wood, Agnes A., 1896-1998","English\n      Zulu\n      Afrikaans"],"collection_title_tesim":["Lavinia Scott papers, 1998"],"collection_ssim":["Lavinia Scott papers, 1998"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0506","/repositories/2/resources/651"],"unitid_tesim":["C0506","/repositories/2/resources/651"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["South Africa","KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa)","South Africa -- Politics and government -- 20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["South Africa","KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa)","South Africa -- Politics and government -- 20th century"],"places_ssim":["South Africa","KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa)","South Africa -- Politics and government -- 20th century"],"creator_ssm":["Scott, Lavinia, 1907-1997","Stearns, Peter N."],"creator_ssim":["Scott, Lavinia, 1907-1997","Stearns, Peter N."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Scott, Lavinia, 1907-1997","Stearns, Peter N.","Luthuli, A. J. (Albert John), 1898-1967","Paton, Alan","Scott, Franklin D. (Franklin Daniel), 1901-1994","Wood, Agnes A., 1896-1998"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Adams College (Amanzimtoti, South Africa)","Amanzimtoti Institute","American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions","General Council of the Congregational Christian Churches of the United States","Illinois College","Inanda Seminary (Inanda, South Africa)","United Church Board for World Ministries","United Church of Christ"],"creators_ssim":["Scott, Lavinia, 1907-1997","Stearns, Peter N.","Luthuli, A. J. (Albert John), 1898-1967","Paton, Alan","Scott, Franklin D. (Franklin Daniel), 1901-1994","Wood, Agnes A., 1896-1998","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Adams College (Amanzimtoti, South Africa)","Amanzimtoti Institute","American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions","General Council of the Congregational Christian Churches of the United States","Illinois College","Inanda Seminary (Inanda, South Africa)","United Church Board for World Ministries","United Church of Christ"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["The papers were brought to George Mason University by former Provost Peter Stearns, Lavinia Scott's nephew, in 2018. Before coming to Special Collections in early 2021, members of the George Mason University history faculty, as well as history graduate students, worked with the material."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Education, Higher","Nguni (African people)","Nguni languages","Missions, South African","Education -- South Africa","Women missionaries","Apartheid","Anti-apartheid movements -- South Africa","South African newspapers","Social justice -- Religious aspects -- Christianity","Zulu (African people)","Correspondence","Postcards","Photographs","Newspapers","Slides"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Education, Higher","Nguni (African people)","Nguni languages","Missions, South African","Education -- South Africa","Women missionaries","Apartheid","Anti-apartheid movements -- South Africa","South African newspapers","Social justice -- Religious aspects -- Christianity","Zulu (African people)","Correspondence","Postcards","Photographs","Newspapers","Slides"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["33 Linear Feet 72 boxes, 1 map case"],"extent_tesim":["33 Linear Feet 72 boxes, 1 map case"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Postcards","Photographs","Newspapers","Slides"],"date_range_isim":[1998],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCertain materials in the collection are restricted due to personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Certain materials in the collection are restricted due to personally identifiable information."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in seven series.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eSeries\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Correspondence\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Professional activities\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: Personal materials\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 4: Newspapers and periodicals\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 5: Photographs and negatives\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 6: Audiovisual materials\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 7: South African artifacts\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in seven series.","Series\n      Series 1: Correspondence\n      Series 2: Professional activities\n      Series 3: Personal materials\n      Series 4: Newspapers and periodicals\n      Series 5: Photographs and negatives\n      Series 6: Audiovisual materials\n      Series 7: South African artifacts"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLavinia Scott (also known as Clara Lavinia Scott) was born on March 21, 1907 in Yankton, South Dakota to George Harvey and Mary Maud Cole Scott. The youngest of four children, including the future Dr. Franklin Scott, Lavinia spent her life surrounded by education. As a child she attended local public schools, including Jacksonville High School, and in 1923 enrolled in a Bachelor's degree program at Illinois College, where her father served as a Dean for eight years before his sudden death in 1926. Lavinia graduated the following year (1927) with a B.A. in History and it was here that she began to devote her life to education full-time, securing a teaching position with Illinois' Harvard Community High School District Number 153 which she held for approximately two years.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAround the beginning of the 1930s, Lavinia's focus shifted from secular education to international educational missionary work. She enrolled in a Master's program with the Yale Divinity School and upon moving to Connecticut spent two years in training with the United Congregational Church in Bridgeport. In August 1932, less than two months after receiving her Master of Art's degree in June, Lavinia was assigned a teaching position at Adams College (formerly Amanzimtoti Institute) in South Africa under the direction of the Congregational Church affiliated American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLavinia remained at Adams College until she was transferred to nearby Inanda Seminary in 1936 where she assumed the role of Principal, a title which she held for over 30 years. During this time, she fought back against the South African government's discriminatory Apartheid policies, particularly the Bantu Education Act of 1953, which both significantly lowered the quality of education available to Black South Africans and removed government funding for private missionary schools. She also oversaw the school's Centenary Celebration in 1969, as well as several expansions to the campus, including the beginning of what would become the \"Lavinia Scott Chapel\". In 1969, she left Inanda Seminary, transferring to the newly formed Federal Theological Seminary where she returned to a teaching position until her formal retirement circa 1974.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhile her retirement saw a return to the United States, ultimately assuming residence in Claremont, California, it did not mean the end of her mission work. For the next 20 years, Lavinia was an active speaker on behalf of the newly formed United Church of Christ as a South African mission representative for the United Church Board for World Ministries (UCBWM), formerly the ABCFM. She also continued her social justice advocacy, working on behalf of both domestic and international causes, including extensive work throughout the 1980s with the Claremont branch of the Task Force on Central America. Despite her busy schedule, Lavinia still found time to continue her love of traveling, including domestic trips with family and friends, and several returns to South Africa and Inanda Seminary.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhile Lavinia never fully stopped her missionary work, she did eventually move to a UCC affiliated retirement community in Claremont known as Pilgrim Place where she lived until her passing on July 10, 1997 at the age of 90. She is buried near her family in Jacksonville's Diamond Grove Cemetery.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Lavinia Scott (also known as Clara Lavinia Scott) was born on March 21, 1907 in Yankton, South Dakota to George Harvey and Mary Maud Cole Scott. The youngest of four children, including the future Dr. Franklin Scott, Lavinia spent her life surrounded by education. As a child she attended local public schools, including Jacksonville High School, and in 1923 enrolled in a Bachelor's degree program at Illinois College, where her father served as a Dean for eight years before his sudden death in 1926. Lavinia graduated the following year (1927) with a B.A. in History and it was here that she began to devote her life to education full-time, securing a teaching position with Illinois' Harvard Community High School District Number 153 which she held for approximately two years.","Around the beginning of the 1930s, Lavinia's focus shifted from secular education to international educational missionary work. She enrolled in a Master's program with the Yale Divinity School and upon moving to Connecticut spent two years in training with the United Congregational Church in Bridgeport. In August 1932, less than two months after receiving her Master of Art's degree in June, Lavinia was assigned a teaching position at Adams College (formerly Amanzimtoti Institute) in South Africa under the direction of the Congregational Church affiliated American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM).","Lavinia remained at Adams College until she was transferred to nearby Inanda Seminary in 1936 where she assumed the role of Principal, a title which she held for over 30 years. During this time, she fought back against the South African government's discriminatory Apartheid policies, particularly the Bantu Education Act of 1953, which both significantly lowered the quality of education available to Black South Africans and removed government funding for private missionary schools. She also oversaw the school's Centenary Celebration in 1969, as well as several expansions to the campus, including the beginning of what would become the \"Lavinia Scott Chapel\". In 1969, she left Inanda Seminary, transferring to the newly formed Federal Theological Seminary where she returned to a teaching position until her formal retirement circa 1974.","While her retirement saw a return to the United States, ultimately assuming residence in Claremont, California, it did not mean the end of her mission work. For the next 20 years, Lavinia was an active speaker on behalf of the newly formed United Church of Christ as a South African mission representative for the United Church Board for World Ministries (UCBWM), formerly the ABCFM. She also continued her social justice advocacy, working on behalf of both domestic and international causes, including extensive work throughout the 1980s with the Claremont branch of the Task Force on Central America. Despite her busy schedule, Lavinia still found time to continue her love of traveling, including domestic trips with family and friends, and several returns to South Africa and Inanda Seminary.","While Lavinia never fully stopped her missionary work, she did eventually move to a UCC affiliated retirement community in Claremont known as Pilgrim Place where she lived until her passing on July 10, 1997 at the age of 90. She is buried near her family in Jacksonville's Diamond Grove Cemetery."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLavinia Scott papers, C0506, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason \nUniversity Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Lavinia Scott papers, C0506, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason \nUniversity Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner from September 2022 - August 2023. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in August 2023.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner from September 2022 - August 2023. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in August 2023."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNorthwestern University holds the \u003ca href=\"https://findingaids.library.northwestern.edu/repositories/4/resources/829\"\u003eLavinia Scott (1907-1997) Papers\u003c/a\u003e which consists mostly of correspondence, largely to Lavinia's mother Mary Maud Scott, as well as the full \u003ca href=\"https://findingaids.library.northwestern.edu/repositories/6/resources/463\"\u003eFranklin D. Scott (1901-1994) Papers\u003c/a\u003e. Harvard University holds several archival collections for the American Board of Commissioners of Foreign Missions divided by location, including the \u003ca href=\"https://hollisarchives.lib.harvard.edu/repositories/24/resources/3023\"\u003eAfrican missions records\u003c/a\u003e, as well as the Finding Aid for the \u003ca href=\"https://scholar.harvard.edu/mehealy/presentations\"\u003eInanda Seminary Oral History Project\u003c/a\u003e completed between 2008 – 2010.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Northwestern University holds the Lavinia Scott (1907-1997) Papers which consists mostly of correspondence, largely to Lavinia's mother Mary Maud Scott, as well as the full Franklin D. Scott (1901-1994) Papers. Harvard University holds several archival collections for the American Board of Commissioners of Foreign Missions divided by location, including the African missions records, as well as the Finding Aid for the Inanda Seminary Oral History Project completed between 2008 – 2010."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Lavinia Scott papers largely consist of correspondence, reports, newspapers, promotional materials, magazines, speeches, sermons, writings, educational records, travel maps and postcards, photographs, and audiovisual materials created between circa 1860s-1998. The collection contains 7 series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Correspondence (circa 1860s, 1900s-1997) includes sent and received correspondence, both personal and professional. Types of correspondence include postcards, letters on stationary, airmail letters, greeting cards, Christmas and general holiday letters, and carbon copies of sent letters. While the majority of the correspondence is between Lavinia Scott and others, this series also includes correspondence received by others that was then passed on to Lavinia either for review or after their passing. The bulk of the correspondence covers the 1920s – 1970s, with a slight gap in coverage during the 1980s, and a shift to more general cards and holiday letters in the 1990s. This series is arranged alphabetically by correspondent last name, group title, or type of correspondence, such as Family letters sent by Lavinia during her years in South Africa.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Professional activities (1885, 1917-1997) includes both direct and indirect materials related to Lavinia's professional life as a Christian missionary speaker and educator. It is further divided into two subseries. Subseries 1: South African mission (1885, 1917-1990s) includes all materials related to both Lavinia's direct education work in South Africa (such as reports, magazines, newsletters, promotional materials, yearbooks, speech/sermon drafts), materials related to both American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions and United Church Board for World Ministries themselves (reports, meeting minutes, policy guides, conference materials), and any general materials or writing related to South Africa, particularly regarding mission work and the fight against Apartheid. The bulk of the materials cover the 1930s – 1970s, with some more general materials from the 1980s – 1990s. This subseries is arranged alphabetically, primarily by organization name (including Adams College, Inanda Seminary, and Federal Theological Seminary) or material type. Writings were divided by title and arranged alphabetically by author's last name where possible. Subseries 2: United Church of Christ (1919 – 1997) includes all other professional materials related to Lavinia's work with the United Church of Christ, and the earlier Congregational Christian Church, not directly connected to the South African mission. These include materials from local Congregational and United Church of Christ congregations, general conference materials, extensive materials from Lavinia's involvement with the Central American Task Force in Claremont, CA, and general writings and speeches related to Christianity. The bulk of the materials cover the 1920s – 1930s and the 1970s – 1990s. Items are arranged alphabetically, primarily by organization name or material type. Writings were divided by title and arranged alphabetically by author's last name where possible. Newsletters and periodicals published by affiliated professional and/or religious organizations can be found in Series 4.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Personal materials (1891, circa 1909-1998) includes materials related to Lavinia's personal life, including family, friends, and personal travels. It is further divided into three subseries. Subseries 1: Records and mementos (1891, circa 1909 – 1998) includes educational records, creative writings by Lavinia and others, souvenirs and other mementos, travel maps and brochures, personal and correspondence notes, and publications by Lavinia's brother Dr. Franklin Scott. Items are arranged alphabetically, primarily by creator, organization, or material type. Writings were divided by title and arranged alphabetically by author's last name where possible. Subseries 2: Souvenir and travel postcards (circa 1930s – 1980s) includes all non-correspondence souvenir postcards grouped together by general location, starting with non-South African international, followed by United States, South Africa, and general Africa. Postcards used for correspondence can be found in Series 1 and personal photographic postcards can be found in Series 5. Subseries 3: Daily diaries (1920 – 1997) consists of Lavinia's 45 individual personal daily diaries, arranged chronologically. Several diaries contain entries for multiple years.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Newspapers and periodicals (1920s – 1997) includes news and periodical print publications and newsletters, both full text and selections, including many from South Africa in both English and Afrikaans. It is further divided into two subseries. Sub-series 1: Full text editions (1927 - 1997) includes all full editions of newspapers, magazines, and newsletters. Magazines and newsletters published by schools and colleges, such as Inanda Seminary and Illinois College, are kept in context and can be found in Series 2-3. Subseries 2: Clippings (1920s - 1997) includes article or section clippings from newspapers, magazines, and newsletters. Most articles cover social and political stories related to South Africa, Apartheid policies and resistance, Lavinia's speaking engagements or mission work, and members of the Scott and Stearns family, such as marriage announcements or community profiles.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Photographs and negatives (circa 1870s – 1990s) includes photographs and negatives related to Lavinia's work and personal life. The contents cover a wide array of sizes and mediums, including gelatin prints, black and white and color snapshots, and color processed prints. Many, but not all, prints include some level of identifying inscription on the back, including stamps from local photographers. It is further divided into two subseries. Sub-series 1: South African mission (1930s – 1990s) includes photographs that document Lavinia's work as a missionary educator in South Africa. Major areas of coverage include Inanda Seminary, including campus development, Centennial Celebration, staff and student group and individual portraits, and visits by Lavinia and others after the 1970s, as well as Adams College, The Federal Theological Seminary, and visits by American Board of Commissioners of Foreign Missions representatives and South African political figures such as Chief Lutuli (also spelled Luthuli). Prints have been divided into groupings based on general size or type; further organization by subject has not been completed at this time. Sub-series 2: Personal travel (1920s – 1990s) includes photographs that document Lavinia's personal, non-mission related travel with family and friends mostly within the United States. Prints have been divided into groupings based on general size or type with some attempt at organization by location where possible based on identifying information provided. Sub-series 3: Family (1870s – 1990s) includes photographs of Lavinia's family and friends, including formal portraits. Prints have been divided into groupings based on general size or type with some attempt at organization by subject and/or time period where possible based on identifying information provided. Sub-series 4: Negatives (circa 1930s – 1990s) includes all negatives covering subjects from each of the three sub-series. Negatives have been grouped where possible by size and most do not include identifying information; further organization by subject has not been completed at this time.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6: Audiovisual materials (circa 1930s – 1997) includes all audiovisual materials including photographic slides, both labeled and unlabeled cassette and VHS tapes, three professional .45 records, and one unlabeled Magnetophoband BASF reel to reel tape. Cassette and VHS contents reflect Lavinia's mission work in South Africa, including recordings of sermons and ceremonies at Inanda Seminary, sermons and speeches on various religious and social issues, and oral history interviews with mission workers such as Lou Ann Parsons, as well as 6-7 tapes containing an extensive interview with Lavinia herself. The bulk of these materials cover the 1970s – 1980s. Additionally, the photographic slides depict both South African mission work and Inanda Seminary, as well as personal family events and travels, including numerous souvenir professional slides from international locations. The bulk of these materials cover the 1950s – 1970s. All items in this series have been grouped by medium; some photographic slides include identifying information but, further organization by subject has not been completed at this time.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 7: South African artifacts (circa 1970s – 1980s) includes carvings, beadwork, and other artifacts likely purchased by or gifted to Lavinia during a return trip to South Africa that reflect Zulu cultural traditions and crafts.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Lavinia Scott papers largely consist of correspondence, reports, newspapers, promotional materials, magazines, speeches, sermons, writings, educational records, travel maps and postcards, photographs, and audiovisual materials created between circa 1860s-1998. The collection contains 7 series.","Series 1: Correspondence (circa 1860s, 1900s-1997) includes sent and received correspondence, both personal and professional. Types of correspondence include postcards, letters on stationary, airmail letters, greeting cards, Christmas and general holiday letters, and carbon copies of sent letters. While the majority of the correspondence is between Lavinia Scott and others, this series also includes correspondence received by others that was then passed on to Lavinia either for review or after their passing. The bulk of the correspondence covers the 1920s – 1970s, with a slight gap in coverage during the 1980s, and a shift to more general cards and holiday letters in the 1990s. This series is arranged alphabetically by correspondent last name, group title, or type of correspondence, such as Family letters sent by Lavinia during her years in South Africa.","Series 2: Professional activities (1885, 1917-1997) includes both direct and indirect materials related to Lavinia's professional life as a Christian missionary speaker and educator. It is further divided into two subseries. Subseries 1: South African mission (1885, 1917-1990s) includes all materials related to both Lavinia's direct education work in South Africa (such as reports, magazines, newsletters, promotional materials, yearbooks, speech/sermon drafts), materials related to both American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions and United Church Board for World Ministries themselves (reports, meeting minutes, policy guides, conference materials), and any general materials or writing related to South Africa, particularly regarding mission work and the fight against Apartheid. The bulk of the materials cover the 1930s – 1970s, with some more general materials from the 1980s – 1990s. This subseries is arranged alphabetically, primarily by organization name (including Adams College, Inanda Seminary, and Federal Theological Seminary) or material type. Writings were divided by title and arranged alphabetically by author's last name where possible. Subseries 2: United Church of Christ (1919 – 1997) includes all other professional materials related to Lavinia's work with the United Church of Christ, and the earlier Congregational Christian Church, not directly connected to the South African mission. These include materials from local Congregational and United Church of Christ congregations, general conference materials, extensive materials from Lavinia's involvement with the Central American Task Force in Claremont, CA, and general writings and speeches related to Christianity. The bulk of the materials cover the 1920s – 1930s and the 1970s – 1990s. Items are arranged alphabetically, primarily by organization name or material type. Writings were divided by title and arranged alphabetically by author's last name where possible. Newsletters and periodicals published by affiliated professional and/or religious organizations can be found in Series 4.","Series 3: Personal materials (1891, circa 1909-1998) includes materials related to Lavinia's personal life, including family, friends, and personal travels. It is further divided into three subseries. Subseries 1: Records and mementos (1891, circa 1909 – 1998) includes educational records, creative writings by Lavinia and others, souvenirs and other mementos, travel maps and brochures, personal and correspondence notes, and publications by Lavinia's brother Dr. Franklin Scott. Items are arranged alphabetically, primarily by creator, organization, or material type. Writings were divided by title and arranged alphabetically by author's last name where possible. Subseries 2: Souvenir and travel postcards (circa 1930s – 1980s) includes all non-correspondence souvenir postcards grouped together by general location, starting with non-South African international, followed by United States, South Africa, and general Africa. Postcards used for correspondence can be found in Series 1 and personal photographic postcards can be found in Series 5. Subseries 3: Daily diaries (1920 – 1997) consists of Lavinia's 45 individual personal daily diaries, arranged chronologically. Several diaries contain entries for multiple years.","Series 4: Newspapers and periodicals (1920s – 1997) includes news and periodical print publications and newsletters, both full text and selections, including many from South Africa in both English and Afrikaans. It is further divided into two subseries. Sub-series 1: Full text editions (1927 - 1997) includes all full editions of newspapers, magazines, and newsletters. Magazines and newsletters published by schools and colleges, such as Inanda Seminary and Illinois College, are kept in context and can be found in Series 2-3. Subseries 2: Clippings (1920s - 1997) includes article or section clippings from newspapers, magazines, and newsletters. Most articles cover social and political stories related to South Africa, Apartheid policies and resistance, Lavinia's speaking engagements or mission work, and members of the Scott and Stearns family, such as marriage announcements or community profiles.","Series 5: Photographs and negatives (circa 1870s – 1990s) includes photographs and negatives related to Lavinia's work and personal life. The contents cover a wide array of sizes and mediums, including gelatin prints, black and white and color snapshots, and color processed prints. Many, but not all, prints include some level of identifying inscription on the back, including stamps from local photographers. It is further divided into two subseries. Sub-series 1: South African mission (1930s – 1990s) includes photographs that document Lavinia's work as a missionary educator in South Africa. Major areas of coverage include Inanda Seminary, including campus development, Centennial Celebration, staff and student group and individual portraits, and visits by Lavinia and others after the 1970s, as well as Adams College, The Federal Theological Seminary, and visits by American Board of Commissioners of Foreign Missions representatives and South African political figures such as Chief Lutuli (also spelled Luthuli). Prints have been divided into groupings based on general size or type; further organization by subject has not been completed at this time. Sub-series 2: Personal travel (1920s – 1990s) includes photographs that document Lavinia's personal, non-mission related travel with family and friends mostly within the United States. Prints have been divided into groupings based on general size or type with some attempt at organization by location where possible based on identifying information provided. Sub-series 3: Family (1870s – 1990s) includes photographs of Lavinia's family and friends, including formal portraits. Prints have been divided into groupings based on general size or type with some attempt at organization by subject and/or time period where possible based on identifying information provided. Sub-series 4: Negatives (circa 1930s – 1990s) includes all negatives covering subjects from each of the three sub-series. Negatives have been grouped where possible by size and most do not include identifying information; further organization by subject has not been completed at this time.","Series 6: Audiovisual materials (circa 1930s – 1997) includes all audiovisual materials including photographic slides, both labeled and unlabeled cassette and VHS tapes, three professional .45 records, and one unlabeled Magnetophoband BASF reel to reel tape. Cassette and VHS contents reflect Lavinia's mission work in South Africa, including recordings of sermons and ceremonies at Inanda Seminary, sermons and speeches on various religious and social issues, and oral history interviews with mission workers such as Lou Ann Parsons, as well as 6-7 tapes containing an extensive interview with Lavinia herself. The bulk of these materials cover the 1970s – 1980s. Additionally, the photographic slides depict both South African mission work and Inanda Seminary, as well as personal family events and travels, including numerous souvenir professional slides from international locations. The bulk of these materials cover the 1950s – 1970s. All items in this series have been grouped by medium; some photographic slides include identifying information but, further organization by subject has not been completed at this time.","Series 7: South African artifacts (circa 1970s – 1980s) includes carvings, beadwork, and other artifacts likely purchased by or gifted to Lavinia during a return trip to South Africa that reflect Zulu cultural traditions and crafts."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_80cc4e1315ef5dc6c32b4320325dcd33\"\u003eThe Lavinia Scott papers consist of materials created and collected by missionary educator Lavinia Scott (1907 – 1997) covering circa 1860s-1998. This includes materials created by the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, the United Church Board for World Ministries, the United Church of Christ, and South Africa's Inanda Seminary. The collection covers Lavinia's personal and professional life working and living as a missionary educator in South Africa.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Lavinia Scott papers consist of materials created and collected by missionary educator Lavinia Scott (1907 – 1997) covering circa 1860s-1998. This includes materials created by the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, the United Church Board for World Ministries, the United Church of Christ, and South Africa's Inanda Seminary. The collection covers Lavinia's personal and professional life working and living as a missionary educator in South Africa."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_81acf2a66423a9d0915a1666348eb948\"\u003eR 71, C 1, S 2 - S 5\n\nR 72, C 3, S 7\n\nR 72, C 4, S 2 - S 7\n\nMap Case 8.3\n\nOS R 2, C 1, S 3\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R 71, C 1, S 2 - S 5\n\nR 72, C 3, S 7\n\nR 72, C 4, S 2 - S 7\n\nMap Case 8.3\n\nOS R 2, C 1, S 3"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Adams College (Amanzimtoti, South Africa)","Amanzimtoti Institute","American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions","General Council of the Congregational Christian Churches of the United States","Illinois College","Inanda Seminary (Inanda, South Africa)","United Church Board for World Ministries","United Church of Christ"],"names_coll_ssim":["Adams College (Amanzimtoti, South Africa)","Amanzimtoti Institute","American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions","General Council of the Congregational Christian Churches of the United States","Illinois College","Inanda Seminary (Inanda, South Africa)","United Church Board for World Ministries","United Church of Christ","Stearns, Peter N.","Luthuli, A. J. (Albert John), 1898-1967","Paton, Alan","Scott, Franklin D. (Franklin Daniel), 1901-1994","Scott, Lavinia, 1907-1997","Wood, Agnes A., 1896-1998"],"persname_ssim":["Scott, Lavinia, 1907-1997","Stearns, Peter N.","Luthuli, A. J. (Albert John), 1898-1967","Paton, Alan","Scott, Franklin D. (Franklin Daniel), 1901-1994","Wood, Agnes A., 1896-1998"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Adams College (Amanzimtoti, South Africa)","Amanzimtoti Institute","American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions","General Council of the Congregational Christian Churches of the United States","Illinois College","Inanda Seminary (Inanda, South Africa)","United Church Board for World Ministries","United Church of Christ","Scott, Lavinia, 1907-1997","Stearns, Peter N.","Luthuli, A. J. (Albert John), 1898-1967","Paton, Alan","Scott, Franklin D. (Franklin Daniel), 1901-1994","Wood, Agnes A., 1896-1998"],"language_ssim":["English\n      Zulu\n      Afrikaans"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":973,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:35:13.746Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_651_c01_c27"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_14_c03_c98","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Bus Engine Fuel and Exhaust, 1942/1961","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_14_c03_c98#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_14_c03_c98","ref_ssm":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_14_c03_c98"],"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_14_c03_c98","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_14","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_14","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_14_c03","parent_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_14_c03","parent_ssim":["American Public Transportation Association records, 1898/1999","Series 3: Equipment, Finances, and Statistics, 1927/1992"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_14","vifgm_repositories_2_resources_14_c03"],"title_filing_ssi":"Bus Engine Fuel and Exhaust","title_ssm":["Bus Engine Fuel and Exhaust"],"title_tesim":["Bus Engine Fuel and Exhaust"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Bus Engine Fuel and Exhaust, 1942/1961"],"text":["Bus Engine Fuel and Exhaust, 1942/1961","American Public Transportation Association records, 1898/1999","Series 3: Equipment, Finances, and Statistics, 1927/1992","box 61","folder 9"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["American Public Transportation Association records, 1898/1999","Series 3: Equipment, Finances, and Statistics, 1927/1992"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["American Public Transportation Association records, 1898/1999","Series 3: Equipment, Finances, and Statistics, 1927/1992"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1942/1961"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1942-1961"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":690,"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"collection_ssim":["American Public Transportation Association records, 1898/1999"],"containers_ssim":["box 61","folder 9"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no access restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"date_range_isim":[1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#97","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:34:21.201Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_14","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_14","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_14","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_14","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_14.xml","title_filing_ssi":"American Public Transportation Association records","title_ssm":["American Public Transportation Association records"],"title_tesim":["American Public Transportation Association records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1898-1999"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1898-1999"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1898/1999"],"normalized_title_ssm":["American Public Transportation Association records, 1898/1999"],"text":["American Public Transportation Association records, 1898/1999","C0051","/repositories/2/resources/14","Transportation -- United States","Transportation -- United States -- Planning","Local transit -- United States","Federal aid to transportation -- United States","Maps","Transportation","Urban transportation","Photographs","Correspondence","There are no access restrictions.","A selection of documents from the collection are available through the .","Arranged into seven series.","Series\n      Series 1: Committees, 1908-1987\n      Series 2: Meetings and Publications, 1928-1997\n      Series 3: Equipment, Finances, and Statistics, 1927-1992\n      Series 4: Legislation, 1918-1977\n      Series 5: Labor, 1933-1978\n      Series 6: Local Transit, 1898-1992\n      Series 7: Oversize, 1946-1999","The organization that would eventually become APTA first organized as the American Street Railway Association on December 12, 1882, in Boston, Massachusetts.  The initial meetings focused on the price of oats for the horses that pulled transit vehicles, but that focus evolved as more transit companies built electric systems.  In 1905, the group met in New York and reorganized as the American Street and Interurban Railway Transportation and Traffic Association.  To encompass even more modes of electric transit, the group changed its name once again to the American Electric Railway Transportation and Traffic Association in 1910.  By 1932, many of the transit systems relied on motor coaches and trolleys in addition to electric streetcars, so the organization executives chose to be known as the American Transit Association (ATA).  In 1966 the ATA relocated from New York City to Washington, D.C., as a result of increasing reliance on federal funding, especially with the passage of the Urban Mass Transportation Act in 1964 and the creation of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (now the Federal Transit Administration).  The American Public Transit Association (APTA) was created in 1974 when the American Transit Association and the Institute for Rapid Transit (IRT) merged.  The IRT dated back to 1929 and formally organized on June 7, 1961.  In 1976, the Transit Development Corporation also merged with APTA.  In January 2000 the name of the organization was changed to the American Public Transportation Association.  Despite the various name changes, the mission of the organization has more or less remained the same.  The organization specializes in issues dealing with transit equipment, transit management, and labor issues.  In the 1970s, the organization developed a closer working relationship with the federal government as more and more transit systems became publicly financed.  Today APTA is a leading participant in research and legislation regarding the North American transportation industry and issues relating to it.","Processing completed by Jordan Patty in 2013. EAD markup completed in January 2013 by Jordan Patty.","The Special Collections Research Center holds numerous collections on transportation and planning.","The American Public Transportation Association records consist of material pertaining to the activities of APTA as well as both the American Transit Association (ATA) and the Institute for Rapid Transit (IRT). Types of materials in the collection include: memoranda, correspondence, reports, legislative information, industry-related information (such as brochures and technical reports), and membership information.","Series 1: Committees includes correspondence, meeting minutes, and reports created by various committees as well as some subcommittees in APTA and ATA.  The composition of the committees typically included association staff and transit system managers.  The committees largely worked on issues related to equipment and finances with a smaller number devoted to legislation, marketing, and labor issues.  The committees and subcommittees overlap to some extent due to changes in the structure of the association and as a result of changes in transit priorities.  The folders date back to the 1908 and the American Electric Railway Transportation and Traffic Association, a precursor to ATA, but many of the folders consist of committee work from the 1970s.","Series 2: Meetings and Publications includes organizational documents such as the constitution, by-laws, annual reports, and press releases.  There is also correspondence and information on industry group meetings attended by APTA officials.  Officials attended local, national, and international conferences on planning, equipment, and management.  There are also files on meetings held by groups with APTA, such as the Rail Transit Group.  The organizational documents date from the 1920s, but many of the meeting files are from the 1960s and 1970s.","Series 3: Equipment, Finances, and Statistics is the largest series and consists of a wide range of topics on technical and financial issues.  The documents on equipment cover the various vehicles used by transit systems including streetcars, trolley coaches, motor buses, and trains.  In particular there are a large number of files on the testing and technical specifications about the Urban Rapid Rail Vehicle and Systems Program Advanced Concept Train, a joint project undertaken in the late 1970s by both APTA and the U.S. Department of Transportation.  The financial and statistical files overlap to some extent since there are many files on subjects such as fares and accident claims.  Other statistical files consist of data on route configurations and responses to questionnaires on a variety of topics, such as the use of tires.  Also found in this series are files on specific advisory and technology and advisory boards that existed within APTA.  The files in this series largely date from the 1940s through the 1980s.","Series 4: Legislation contains files on legislation, primarily federal, that impacted the transit industry.  Many of files focus on the attempts by Congress to pass legislation in the 1970s to provide large-scale funding for transit by using revenue from the Highway Trust Fund, which was established in 1956 to finance the construction of the national interstate system. Documents include correspondence, congressional testimonies, drafts of bills, and reports.  There are also several folders that document efforts to fund transit at the state level.","Series 5: Labor consists of reports, correspondence, and legislation on various labor and employment subjects.  In particular there are a large number of files on 13(c), a section of the Urban Mass Transportation Act that allowed unions to dispute federal funding for transit systems if they believed that workers would be adversely affected.  Another large group of documents found in this series are annual reports on wages and working conditions compiled from information sent in by transit system managers.  There are also some files on hiring practices and training.  The files largely date from the 1940s to the 1970s.","Series 6: Local Transit consists of files on transit systems in cities and states in the U.S. as well as some files on international cities.  The files mostly consist of clippings sent in by transit system managers, but there are also maps, pamphlets, reports, and other documents in many of the folders.  There is some overlap between the folders with city titles and the folders with state titles.  For instance, there may be some files on Boston found in the \"Massachusetts\" folder, but in general the folders with the city titles contain the bulk of the information on the transit systems in those particular cities.  For the most part, the clippings document the problems faced by the private transit companies following World War II, and some of the folders contain charts and tables on the transit company failures all across the United States.","Series 7: Oversize contains some issues of the APTA publication Passenger Transport, and there are also two reports: one on the Chicago Transit Authority and another one a planning project in Honolulu, Hawaii.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","The American Public Transportation Association records consist of material pertaining to the activities of APTA as well as both the American Transit Association (ATA) and the Institute for Rapid Transit (IRT). Types of materials in the collection include: memoranda, correspondence, reports, legislative information, industry-related information (such as brochures and technical reports), and membership information.","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","American Public Transportation Association","American Electric Railway Association","American Transit Association","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["American Public Transportation Association records, 1898/1999"],"collection_ssim":["American Public Transportation Association records, 1898/1999"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0051","/repositories/2/resources/14"],"unitid_tesim":["C0051","/repositories/2/resources/14"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["American Public Transportation Association"],"creator_ssim":["American Public Transportation Association"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","American Public Transportation Association","American Electric Railway Association","American Transit Association"],"creators_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","American Public Transportation Association","American Electric Railway Association","American Transit Association"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Jim Olivetti, Information Center Manager, Department of Transportation, 2000."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Transportation -- United States","Transportation -- United States -- Planning","Local transit -- United States","Federal aid to transportation -- United States","Maps","Transportation","Urban transportation","Photographs","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Transportation -- United States","Transportation -- United States -- Planning","Local transit -- United States","Federal aid to transportation -- United States","Maps","Transportation","Urban transportation","Photographs","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["94 Linear Feet 189 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["94 Linear Feet 189 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Photographs","Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA selection of documents from the collection are available through the \u003cextptr title=\"American Public Transportation records online collection\" show=\"new\" href=\"http://images.gmu.edu/luna/servlet/s/xd3dpv\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternate Format Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["A selection of documents from the collection are available through the ."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged into seven series.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eSeries\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Committees, 1908-1987\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Meetings and Publications, 1928-1997\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: Equipment, Finances, and Statistics, 1927-1992\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 4: Legislation, 1918-1977\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 5: Labor, 1933-1978\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 6: Local Transit, 1898-1992\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 7: Oversize, 1946-1999\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged into seven series.","Series\n      Series 1: Committees, 1908-1987\n      Series 2: Meetings and Publications, 1928-1997\n      Series 3: Equipment, Finances, and Statistics, 1927-1992\n      Series 4: Legislation, 1918-1977\n      Series 5: Labor, 1933-1978\n      Series 6: Local Transit, 1898-1992\n      Series 7: Oversize, 1946-1999"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe organization that would eventually become APTA first organized as the American Street Railway Association on December 12, 1882, in Boston, Massachusetts.  The initial meetings focused on the price of oats for the horses that pulled transit vehicles, but that focus evolved as more transit companies built electric systems.  In 1905, the group met in New York and reorganized as the American Street and Interurban Railway Transportation and Traffic Association.  To encompass even more modes of electric transit, the group changed its name once again to the American Electric Railway Transportation and Traffic Association in 1910.  By 1932, many of the transit systems relied on motor coaches and trolleys in addition to electric streetcars, so the organization executives chose to be known as the American Transit Association (ATA).  In 1966 the ATA relocated from New York City to Washington, D.C., as a result of increasing reliance on federal funding, especially with the passage of the Urban Mass Transportation Act in 1964 and the creation of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (now the Federal Transit Administration).  The American Public Transit Association (APTA) was created in 1974 when the American Transit Association and the Institute for Rapid Transit (IRT) merged.  The IRT dated back to 1929 and formally organized on June 7, 1961.  In 1976, the Transit Development Corporation also merged with APTA.  In January 2000 the name of the organization was changed to the American Public Transportation Association.  Despite the various name changes, the mission of the organization has more or less remained the same.  The organization specializes in issues dealing with transit equipment, transit management, and labor issues.  In the 1970s, the organization developed a closer working relationship with the federal government as more and more transit systems became publicly financed.  Today APTA is a leading participant in research and legislation regarding the North American transportation industry and issues relating to it.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The organization that would eventually become APTA first organized as the American Street Railway Association on December 12, 1882, in Boston, Massachusetts.  The initial meetings focused on the price of oats for the horses that pulled transit vehicles, but that focus evolved as more transit companies built electric systems.  In 1905, the group met in New York and reorganized as the American Street and Interurban Railway Transportation and Traffic Association.  To encompass even more modes of electric transit, the group changed its name once again to the American Electric Railway Transportation and Traffic Association in 1910.  By 1932, many of the transit systems relied on motor coaches and trolleys in addition to electric streetcars, so the organization executives chose to be known as the American Transit Association (ATA).  In 1966 the ATA relocated from New York City to Washington, D.C., as a result of increasing reliance on federal funding, especially with the passage of the Urban Mass Transportation Act in 1964 and the creation of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (now the Federal Transit Administration).  The American Public Transit Association (APTA) was created in 1974 when the American Transit Association and the Institute for Rapid Transit (IRT) merged.  The IRT dated back to 1929 and formally organized on June 7, 1961.  In 1976, the Transit Development Corporation also merged with APTA.  In January 2000 the name of the organization was changed to the American Public Transportation Association.  Despite the various name changes, the mission of the organization has more or less remained the same.  The organization specializes in issues dealing with transit equipment, transit management, and labor issues.  In the 1970s, the organization developed a closer working relationship with the federal government as more and more transit systems became publicly financed.  Today APTA is a leading participant in research and legislation regarding the North American transportation industry and issues relating to it."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAmerican Public Transportation Association records, C0051, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["American Public Transportation Association records, C0051, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Jordan Patty in 2013. EAD markup completed in January 2013 by Jordan Patty.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing completed by Jordan Patty in 2013. EAD markup completed in January 2013 by Jordan Patty."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center holds numerous collections on transportation and planning.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center holds numerous collections on transportation and planning."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe American Public Transportation Association records consist of material pertaining to the activities of APTA as well as both the American Transit Association (ATA) and the Institute for Rapid Transit (IRT). Types of materials in the collection include: memoranda, correspondence, reports, legislative information, industry-related information (such as brochures and technical reports), and membership information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Committees includes correspondence, meeting minutes, and reports created by various committees as well as some subcommittees in APTA and ATA.  The composition of the committees typically included association staff and transit system managers.  The committees largely worked on issues related to equipment and finances with a smaller number devoted to legislation, marketing, and labor issues.  The committees and subcommittees overlap to some extent due to changes in the structure of the association and as a result of changes in transit priorities.  The folders date back to the 1908 and the American Electric Railway Transportation and Traffic Association, a precursor to ATA, but many of the folders consist of committee work from the 1970s.            \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Meetings and Publications includes organizational documents such as the constitution, by-laws, annual reports, and press releases.  There is also correspondence and information on industry group meetings attended by APTA officials.  Officials attended local, national, and international conferences on planning, equipment, and management.  There are also files on meetings held by groups with APTA, such as the Rail Transit Group.  The organizational documents date from the 1920s, but many of the meeting files are from the 1960s and 1970s.             \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Equipment, Finances, and Statistics is the largest series and consists of a wide range of topics on technical and financial issues.  The documents on equipment cover the various vehicles used by transit systems including streetcars, trolley coaches, motor buses, and trains.  In particular there are a large number of files on the testing and technical specifications about the Urban Rapid Rail Vehicle and Systems Program Advanced Concept Train, a joint project undertaken in the late 1970s by both APTA and the U.S. Department of Transportation.  The financial and statistical files overlap to some extent since there are many files on subjects such as fares and accident claims.  Other statistical files consist of data on route configurations and responses to questionnaires on a variety of topics, such as the use of tires.  Also found in this series are files on specific advisory and technology and advisory boards that existed within APTA.  The files in this series largely date from the 1940s through the 1980s.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Legislation contains files on legislation, primarily federal, that impacted the transit industry.  Many of files focus on the attempts by Congress to pass legislation in the 1970s to provide large-scale funding for transit by using revenue from the Highway Trust Fund, which was established in 1956 to finance the construction of the national interstate system. Documents include correspondence, congressional testimonies, drafts of bills, and reports.  There are also several folders that document efforts to fund transit at the state level.            \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Labor consists of reports, correspondence, and legislation on various labor and employment subjects.  In particular there are a large number of files on 13(c), a section of the Urban Mass Transportation Act that allowed unions to dispute federal funding for transit systems if they believed that workers would be adversely affected.  Another large group of documents found in this series are annual reports on wages and working conditions compiled from information sent in by transit system managers.  There are also some files on hiring practices and training.  The files largely date from the 1940s to the 1970s.         \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6: Local Transit consists of files on transit systems in cities and states in the U.S. as well as some files on international cities.  The files mostly consist of clippings sent in by transit system managers, but there are also maps, pamphlets, reports, and other documents in many of the folders.  There is some overlap between the folders with city titles and the folders with state titles.  For instance, there may be some files on Boston found in the \"Massachusetts\" folder, but in general the folders with the city titles contain the bulk of the information on the transit systems in those particular cities.  For the most part, the clippings document the problems faced by the private transit companies following World War II, and some of the folders contain charts and tables on the transit company failures all across the United States.               \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 7: Oversize contains some issues of the APTA publication Passenger Transport, and there are also two reports: one on the Chicago Transit Authority and another one a planning project in Honolulu, Hawaii. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The American Public Transportation Association records consist of material pertaining to the activities of APTA as well as both the American Transit Association (ATA) and the Institute for Rapid Transit (IRT). Types of materials in the collection include: memoranda, correspondence, reports, legislative information, industry-related information (such as brochures and technical reports), and membership information.","Series 1: Committees includes correspondence, meeting minutes, and reports created by various committees as well as some subcommittees in APTA and ATA.  The composition of the committees typically included association staff and transit system managers.  The committees largely worked on issues related to equipment and finances with a smaller number devoted to legislation, marketing, and labor issues.  The committees and subcommittees overlap to some extent due to changes in the structure of the association and as a result of changes in transit priorities.  The folders date back to the 1908 and the American Electric Railway Transportation and Traffic Association, a precursor to ATA, but many of the folders consist of committee work from the 1970s.","Series 2: Meetings and Publications includes organizational documents such as the constitution, by-laws, annual reports, and press releases.  There is also correspondence and information on industry group meetings attended by APTA officials.  Officials attended local, national, and international conferences on planning, equipment, and management.  There are also files on meetings held by groups with APTA, such as the Rail Transit Group.  The organizational documents date from the 1920s, but many of the meeting files are from the 1960s and 1970s.","Series 3: Equipment, Finances, and Statistics is the largest series and consists of a wide range of topics on technical and financial issues.  The documents on equipment cover the various vehicles used by transit systems including streetcars, trolley coaches, motor buses, and trains.  In particular there are a large number of files on the testing and technical specifications about the Urban Rapid Rail Vehicle and Systems Program Advanced Concept Train, a joint project undertaken in the late 1970s by both APTA and the U.S. Department of Transportation.  The financial and statistical files overlap to some extent since there are many files on subjects such as fares and accident claims.  Other statistical files consist of data on route configurations and responses to questionnaires on a variety of topics, such as the use of tires.  Also found in this series are files on specific advisory and technology and advisory boards that existed within APTA.  The files in this series largely date from the 1940s through the 1980s.","Series 4: Legislation contains files on legislation, primarily federal, that impacted the transit industry.  Many of files focus on the attempts by Congress to pass legislation in the 1970s to provide large-scale funding for transit by using revenue from the Highway Trust Fund, which was established in 1956 to finance the construction of the national interstate system. Documents include correspondence, congressional testimonies, drafts of bills, and reports.  There are also several folders that document efforts to fund transit at the state level.","Series 5: Labor consists of reports, correspondence, and legislation on various labor and employment subjects.  In particular there are a large number of files on 13(c), a section of the Urban Mass Transportation Act that allowed unions to dispute federal funding for transit systems if they believed that workers would be adversely affected.  Another large group of documents found in this series are annual reports on wages and working conditions compiled from information sent in by transit system managers.  There are also some files on hiring practices and training.  The files largely date from the 1940s to the 1970s.","Series 6: Local Transit consists of files on transit systems in cities and states in the U.S. as well as some files on international cities.  The files mostly consist of clippings sent in by transit system managers, but there are also maps, pamphlets, reports, and other documents in many of the folders.  There is some overlap between the folders with city titles and the folders with state titles.  For instance, there may be some files on Boston found in the \"Massachusetts\" folder, but in general the folders with the city titles contain the bulk of the information on the transit systems in those particular cities.  For the most part, the clippings document the problems faced by the private transit companies following World War II, and some of the folders contain charts and tables on the transit company failures all across the United States.","Series 7: Oversize contains some issues of the APTA publication Passenger Transport, and there are also two reports: one on the Chicago Transit Authority and another one a planning project in Honolulu, Hawaii."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_faa1e60c83c8659f77ecdee0a39c2732\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe American Public Transportation Association records consist of material pertaining to the activities of APTA as well as both the American Transit Association (ATA) and the Institute for Rapid Transit (IRT). Types of materials in the collection include: memoranda, correspondence, reports, legislative information, industry-related information (such as brochures and technical reports), and membership information.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The American Public Transportation Association records consist of material pertaining to the activities of APTA as well as both the American Transit Association (ATA) and the Institute for Rapid Transit (IRT). Types of materials in the collection include: memoranda, correspondence, reports, legislative information, industry-related information (such as brochures and technical reports), and membership information."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","American Public Transportation Association","American Electric Railway Association","American Transit Association"],"names_coll_ssim":["American Electric Railway Association","American Transit Association"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","American Public Transportation Association","American Electric Railway Association","American Transit Association"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1799,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:34:21.201Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_14_c03_c98"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"George Mason University","value":"George Mason University","hits":1103},"links":{"remove":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1944\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1944\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Abraham Anson papers, 1939/2005","value":"Abraham Anson papers, 1939/2005","hits":9},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Abraham+Anson+papers%2C+1939%2F2005\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1944\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Adams T. Rice papers, 1922/1960","value":"Adams T. Rice papers, 1922/1960","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Adams+T.+Rice+papers%2C+1922%2F1960\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1944\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alexander Haight family collection, 1764/1976","value":"Alexander Haight family collection, 1764/1976","hits":5},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Alexander+Haight+family+collection%2C+1764%2F1976\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1944\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"American Political Items Collectors collection","value":"American Political Items Collectors collection","hits":6},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=American+Political+Items+Collectors+collection\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1944\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"American Public Transportation Association records, 1898/1999","value":"American Public Transportation Association records, 1898/1999","hits":240},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=American+Public+Transportation+Association+records%2C+1898%2F1999\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1944\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"American Theatre Association records","value":"American Theatre Association records","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=American+Theatre+Association+records\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1944\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Armistead L. Boothe collection, 1920/1983","value":"Armistead L. 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