{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1942\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Box\u0026page=68","prev":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1942\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Box\u0026page=67","next":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1942\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Box\u0026page=69","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1942\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Box\u0026page=74"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":68,"next_page":69,"prev_page":67,"total_pages":74,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":670,"total_count":739,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3045_c30","type":"Box","attributes":{"title":"Thurmond Depot, Historic Structure Report, handwritten notes, newspaper article list, 1878/1991, bulk 1990/1991","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3045_c30#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3045_c30","ref_ssm":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3045_c30"],"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3045_c30","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3045","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3045","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3045","parent_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3045","parent_ssim":["Institute for the History of Technology and Industrial Archaeology Records, 1875/2005, bulk 1980/2005"],"parent_ids_ssim":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3045"],"title_filing_ssi":"Thurmond Depot, Historic Structure Report, handwritten notes, newspaper article list","title_ssm":["Thurmond Depot, Historic Structure Report, handwritten notes, newspaper article list"],"title_tesim":["Thurmond Depot, Historic Structure Report, handwritten notes, newspaper article list"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Thurmond Depot, Historic Structure Report, handwritten notes, newspaper article list, 1878/1991, bulk 1990/1991"],"text":["Thurmond Depot, Historic Structure Report, handwritten notes, newspaper article list, 1878/1991, bulk 1990/1991","Institute for the History of Technology and Industrial Archaeology Records, 1875/2005, bulk 1980/2005","Box 30"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Institute for the History of Technology and Industrial Archaeology Records, 1875/2005, bulk 1980/2005"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Institute for the History of Technology and Industrial Archaeology Records, 1875/2005, bulk 1980/2005"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1878/1991, bulk 1990/1991"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1878-1991"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1990-1991"],"level_ssm":["Box"],"level_ssim":["Box"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":30,"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"collection_ssim":["Institute for the History of Technology and Industrial Archaeology Records, 1875/2005, bulk 1980/2005"],"containers_ssim":["Box 30"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["All or part of this collection is stored offsite. Please make an appointment prior to visiting.","Researchers may access born digital materials by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"date_range_isim":[1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991],"_nest_path_":"/components#29","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:56:44.747Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3045","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3045","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3045","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3045","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_3045.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/210455","title_ssm":["Institute for the History of Technology and Industrial Archaeology Records"],"title_tesim":["Institute for the History of Technology and Industrial Archaeology Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1875-1930s, circa 1980-2005","circa 1980-2005"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1875-1930s, circa 1980-2005"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["circa 1980-2005"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1875/2005, bulk 1980/2005"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Institute for the History of Technology and Industrial Archaeology Records, 1875/2005, bulk 1980/2005"],"text":["Institute for the History of Technology and Industrial Archaeology Records, 1875/2005, bulk 1980/2005","A\u0026M 3936","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/3045","Historic preservation","Industrial archaeology","All or part of this collection is stored offsite. Please make an appointment prior to visiting.","Researchers may access born digital materials by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department.","The creation of the Institute for the History of Technology and Industrial Archaeology (IHTIA) was spurred in part by the work of Dr. Emory L. Kemp, a West Virginia University civil engineering professor and an internationally renowned covered bridge expert, to restore the Philippi Covered Bridge, which was severely damaged by fire in 1989. He was selected for the restoration by then Governor Gaston Caperton, who also hoped for the restoration of West Virginia's other seventeen covered bridges.  When Caperton's original plans did not come to pass, WVU Provost and Vice President of Academic Affairs and Research William E. Vehse and Dr. Kemp created the idea of an institute to oversee the restoration of the Philippi Covered Bridge and the other seventeen bridges and its funding.  \n \nConcurrent with the announced Philippi Covered Bridge restoration, a grass roots effort was begun to save the High Gate Carriage House. James E. Watson, son of pioneer coal baron James Otis Watson, built the High Gate Mansion and Carriage House in 1910-1913. In the mid-1950s, the Ross Funeral Home purchased the mansion and opened a mortuary in the house. By the late 1980s, the carriage house, formerly a nursing home, was now unused. In the spring of 1989, a national fast-food chain announced plans to purchase and demolish the High Gate Carriage House, replacing it with a drive-in restaurant. These plans were met with local opposition and led to the formation of the Friends of High Gate, a non-profit organization to save the carriage house. US Representative Alan Mollohan, who lived nearby, was interested in historic preservation, but more importantly desired to see the historic carriage house saved and preserved. The friends group received congressional aid from Mollohan's office and were able to purchase and save the property from development. \n \nAt this time, Mollohan approached Kemp about the preservation of the High Gate Carriage House property. Kemp undoubtably suggested that the High Gate Carriage House needed to be recorded to HABS Standards as one of the first steps in its preservation but would require funding. The documentation of High Gate Carriage House led to the initial federal funding of the IHTIA. \n \nThe Institute for the History of Technology and Industrial Archaeology was founded by an act of the United States Congress in 1989. Under its founding act, IHTIA was authorized to document, preserve, and interpret historically significant sites relating to the nation's industrial engineering and technology history, but it was also established as advisory group to Congress. In the late 1980s, industrial sites, such as Cambria Irons Works in Johnstown, Pennsylvania became units of the National Park Service, and many other industrial sites were being proposed. The IHTIA was created partially to advise Congress on which of these proposed parks should be included in the National Parks system. The industrial site evaluation charge was never fully realized, and IHTIA focused on its larger mission of the history of technology and industrial archaeology.  The IHTIA was part of West Virginia University's Eberly College of Arts and Sciences.\n \nAt first, IHTIA's federal funding was very strong. This funding was complimented by an abundance of sponsored research projects and the future seemed bright. By the mid-1990s, however, things began to change with Vice President Al Gore's changes to government, when the IHTIA's budget became targeted as \"wasteful federal spending.\" As a result, the IHTIA budget became part of HAER's budget. This was coupled with the Historic American Engineering Record's (HAER; a partial funding source for IHTIA) declining funding, which led to a portion of IHTIA's budget being appropriated by HAER. Following the 2001 September 11 attacks, funding dried up for Cultural Resource Management projects. During the early 2000s, the declining federal budget and the dearth of sponsored work, along with inadequate leadership, plagued IHTIA until it finally closed its doors in circa 2006.","Sources:  \nAuthors recollections. Lee R. Maddex, IHTIA historian \nOral interview with Dr. Billy Joe Peyton, former IHTIA Associate Director, 2023 December 22\nCRM Vol. 23 No. 4, 2000, p. 42","Please see control folder for a more in-depth history of the IHTIA.","A large portion of bridge related content was created by Emory Kemp, Director of the Institute, as part of research he conducted outside the scope of IHTIA activities.","The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) material in this collection was collected and compiled by Larry Sypolt, an employee of the Institute.","IHTIA Project Descriptions","The following list includes project descriptions for material in this collection, A\u0026M 3936.  For example, records for the Bridge Patent Survey can be found in boxes 15-18.)","Bridge Patent Survey (see boxes 15-18): This project was begun under the 1991 IHTIA work plan. During the summer of 1991, IHTIA staff amassed copies of approximately 500 American bridge patent drawings and specification spanning the years 1790-1890. As originally conceived the patent drawings and specifications would be scanned and published in a searchable CD-ROM format. This format eventually proved obsolete. Ultimately, the West Virginia University Press published the results of this survey in a 2005 monograph entitled American Bridge Patents: The First Century (1790-1890).","Trump Lilly Farm Historic Structures and Cultural Landscape Report (see boxes 24, 26-28, 56, 65/folder 1, 66/folder 26, and map cabinet 8, drawer 23): This project was sponsored research undertaken by a cooperative agreement between IHTIA and the National Park Service.  The project deliverable was the Trump Lilly Farm Historic Structures and Cultural Landscape. The report, completed to NPS standards, included the following sections: administrative data, physical history and analysis, architectural and landscape data, recommendations and appendices. The report also included ink-on-mylar measured drawings of the farm structures existing conditions and photographs, both contemporary and historic. This work was undertaken in 1993-1994.","Thurmond Depot Historic Structure Report (see boxes 29-34, 51, 62/folders 9a-9c, 66/folder 25, and map cabinet 8, drawer 10): This project was sponsored research undertaken by a cooperative agreement between IHTIA and the National Park Service. The project deliverable was the Thurmond Depot historic structures report. This report, completed to NPS Standards, included narrative history of the depot, ink-on-mylar measured drawings documenting existing conditions, recommendations for adaptive reuse, and archival photographs. The final report was printed and distributed to New River Gorge National River and government repositories. Work was undertaken in 1990-1991.","Allegheny National Forest (see box 32 and map cabinet 8, drawer 4): A two year project. In the first phase IHTIA surveyed Allegheny National Forest (ANF) powerhouses and extant oil heritage sites as part of IHTIA project development (also in this first phase, IHTIA and the Society for Industrial Archeology Three Rivers Chapter conducted a site recording workshop on ANF). This work was undertaken during the spring of 1996. The second phase was sponsored research under a tripartite cooperative agreement between IHTIA, HAER and ANF. A combined team comprised of IHTIA, HAER and ANF staff and summer employees documented central power systems on Allegheny National Forest. IHTIA produced a narrative history, large-format photographs and ink-on-mylar measured drawings. This work was undertaken in the summer of 1997. After completion, this package was transmitted to HAER, and is included in the Library of Congress HAER Collection (HAER PA-436).","Magnolia Plantation (see boxes 38 and 64/folder 21): This project was undertaken in cooperation with HAER under the 1996 IHTIA work plan. IHTIA photographer served as project photographer on the HAER documentation of the Magnolia Plantation Cotton Gins and Presses, Natchitoches Vicinity, Louisiana. IHTIA produced large-format photographs of the structure, gins and presses. This work was undertaken in the summer of 1996. These photographs were transmitted to HAER and are included in the Library of Congress HAER Collection (HAER No. LA-11).","Shenandoah Pulp Mill (see boxes 39 and 66/folder 23): This project was undertaken in cooperation with HAER under the 1994 IHTIA work plan. IHTIA delineators and photographer recorded the ruins of the Shenandoah Pulp Mill, near Harpers Ferry, West Virginia. IHTIA produced, to HAER Standards, ink-on-mylar measured drawings and large-format photographs. HAER staff completed the narrative history. This work was undertaken in the summer of 1994. The photographs and drawings were transmitted to HAER and are included in the Library of Congress HAER Collection (HAER WV-59).","Vance Farmhouse National Register Nomination (see box 65/folder 10 and map cabinet 8, drawer 1): This nomination was prepared under the 1990 IHTIA work plan. The Bicentennial House (aka Vance Farmhouse) was the headquarters of IHTIA. The nomination was prepared in the fall of 1990 and the Bicentennial House was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in November 1991.","Skyline Drive Historic District National Register Nomination (see boxes 54, 65/folder 8, and map cabinet 8, drawer 21): Project was undertaken under a cooperative agreement between IHTIA and the National Park Service. IHTIA prepared a National Register Nomination for the105 mile long Skyline Drive, located in Shenandoah National Park. In addition to the National Register nomination, IHTIA delineators produced the Skyline Drive Landscape Report documenting the Skyline Drive overlooks and viewsheds. This work was undertaken in summer 1992. The Skyline Drive Historic District was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in April 1997.","Nuttallburg Mine Complex (see boxes 64/folder 22, 66/folder 21, and map cabinet 8, drawer 16): This project was under the 1991 IHTIA work.  The Nuttallburg Mine Complex, located within the boundaries of the New River Gorge National River, was the first HAER level documentation undertaken by IHTIA. The HAER package consisted of a narrative history, large-format photographs, and ink-on-mylar drawings. The project was transmitted to HAER and is included in the Library of Congress HAER Collection (HAER WV-51). Work was undertaken in 1991-1992.","1992 Industrial Archaeology Field School (see boxes 62/folder 7, 62/folder 10, and 63/folder 1): The first of three field schools conducted by IHTIA and taught techniques of site recording. The 1992 Field School was funded under the 1992 IHTIA work plan. The students recorded the Boteler Cement Mill ruins, near Shepherdstown, WV and Virginius Island ruins at Harpers Ferry, WV with measured drawings and large-format photographs. Additionally, the students prepared a draft National Register Nomination for the Boteler Cement Mill. Ink-on-mylar drawings (completed by IHTIA staff) and photographs were transmitted to HAER and are included in the Library of Congress HAER Collection (HAER WV-82 \u0026 HAER WV-83).","La Belle Iron Works (see box 66/folder 18): This HAER project was funded under the 1990 IHTIA work plan. The La Belle Nail Works was one of two surviving American cut nail factories (now defunct). The HAER team documented the manufacturing process with a narrative history, large-format photographs and ink-on-mylar measured drawings. This package is included in the Library of Congress HAER Collection (HAER WV-47).","Warwood Tool Company (see boxes 63/folder 2, 65/folder 10, and 66/folder 28): This HAER project was funded under the 1990 IHTIA work plan. The Warwood Tool Company manufactures high quality railroad and industrial tools. The HAER team documented the manufacturing process with a narrative history, large-format photographs and ink-on-mylar measured drawings. This package is included in the Library of Congress HAER Collection (HAER WV-48).","Waverly Street Bridge (see boxes 63/folder 3, 66/folder 29, and map cabinet 8, drawer 24): The project was sponsored research undertaken under an agreement between IHTIA and the Allegany County [Maryland] Department of Public Works. The Waverly Street Bridge, recorded to HAER Standards, a narrative history, large-format photographs and ink-on-mylar measured drawings. The package was transmitted to HAER and is included in the Library of Congress HAER Collection (HAER MD-83).","Blair Mountain Reconnaissance Survey (see boxes 63/folders 9a-9b, 66/folder 5, and map cabinet 8, drawer 7): The West Virginia Humanities Council commissioned IHTIA, as an unbiased organization, to undertake a reconnaissance survey of the Blair Mountain Battlefield site. IHTIA staff spent a week in early February 1991 surveying the battlefield and interviewing local informants. IHTIA staff conducted additional research in Morgantown and produced the Blair Mountain Cultural Reconnaissance Survey Report. The final draft report was sent to the WV Humanities Council.","Advisory Committee Meetings (see box 47): The IHTIA Advisory Committee was an advisory board created to oversee how the IHTIA expended its federal funding. The committee met annually to discuss and approve the IHTIA work plan. The Committee consisted of representatives from the West Virginia, Pennsylvania and Ohio State Historic Preservation Offices, the WVU Research Corporation, the Historic American Engineering Record and WVU History Department. Staff presented their work plan projects to the committee for discussion and approval.","Society for Industrial Archeology (see boxes 35-36 and map cabinet 8, drawer 30): Society for Industrial Archeology (SIA) is the professional organization for the discipline of industrial archeology. Emory Kemp was one of the founding members of SIA (founded in 1971). IHTIA was involved in SIA activities from its start. IHTIA initiated the formation of the SIA Pittsburgh Three Rivers Chapter in 1991 and hosted the 1993 Pittsburgh SIA Conference (including paper proposals, organizing tours, printing and mailing brochure, etc.). IHTIA hosted several Three Rivers Chapter symposia and staff attended and presented at numerous SIA conferences.","--","IHTIA Projects Not in the Contents List","The following list includes projects undertaken by the IHTIA for which there are no descriptions of material in this collection, A\u0026M 3936.","Anthracite/Bituminous Coal Study\nBarrackville Covered Bridge Stabilization Plan\nBollman Truss National Landmark Nomination\nChestnut Ridge Iron Industry\nCononcocheague Creek Aqueduct (HAER MD-123)\nCovered Bridge Video\nCut Nail Context\nFairbank Oil Field\nFairmont Industrial Survey\nField School 1994 (Clarysville, Maryland)\nField School 2001 (Canada)\nHarvey Lock National Register Evaluation\nHigh Level Bridge National Register Nomination\nIHTIA Monographs\nIHTIA Technical Reports\nIndustrial Site Evaluation\nIron and Steel Context\nIronmaking in the Virginias\nIronmasters Conferences 1999 and 2002\nJoanna Furnace Recordation\nKanawha Valley Chemical Heritage Symposium May 2003\nKanawha Valley Chemical Industry Survey\nKaymoor Mine Site Stabilization\nLock and Dam No. 7 Video\nMidland Trail Scenic Byways\nMississippi Basin Model\nMonessen Open Hearth Study (HAER PA-253)\nNational Road Documentation\nNew River Gorge Historic Context Update\nNorth Bend Rail Trails Guide\nNorthern West Virginia Coalfields Context\nOxford Furnace\nPrincipio Furnace Management Plan\nSt. Nicholas Breaker\nStaunton to Parkersburg Turnpike\nThurmond Depot Historic Furnishing Report","In addition, the following terms that regularly appeared in the collection have been abbreviated:  Allegheny National Forest (ANF)   American Canal Society (ACS)   Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA)   Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (B\u0026O Railroad)   Chesapeake and Ohio Canal (C\u0026O Canal)   Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)   United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)   Institute for the History of Technology and Industrial Archaeology (IHTIA)   Historic American Engineering Record (HAER)   Historic American Building Survey (HABS)   National Register of Historic Places (NRHP)   National Forest (NF)  National Park Service (NPS)   Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), previously the Soil Conservation Service (SCS)  Society for Industrial Archaeology (SIA)   West Virginia University (WVU)   United States Geological Survey (USGS)","During a review of this collection, boxes 4 and 5 were combined. Box 5 no longer exists.","Records of the Institute for the History of Technology and Industrial Archaeology (IHTIA), an organization affiliated with West Virginia University, including reports and research papers regarding the history of industrial technology and preservation of historical sites, particularly within West Virginia and the Mid-Atlantic region. This collection also includes photographs, negatives, and photo mechanical transfers of historical sites in these regions. For a more complete list of IHTIA projects represented in this collection, please see the \"Project Descriptions\" note.","Addendum of 2022 (boxes 148-153) contains IHTIA materials found at the Bicentennial House following the departure of the West Virginia University Press from the building in 2022. These materials include documents and photographs from IHTIA recordation projects, including the St. Nicholas Central Breaker, Fairmont Industrial Guide, LaVale Toll House, Little Crossings Bridge, Park Gap Lane Truss Bridge, Crab Run Lane Truss Bridge, West Virginia Independence Hall, the Muskingum Navigation; and Croton Aqueduct (all boxes 148-149); Joanna Furnace (box 151); IHTIA Technical Reports for the Alexander Campbell Mansion and the Trump-Lilley Farm (box 150); and Battle of Blair Mountain Historic Structures documentation base maps (box 152). Additionally, there are IHTIA press release materials for Emory Kemp's Benedum Distinguished Scholar Award lecture \"Links in a Chain\" and for the release of the Cement Mills Along the Potomac monograph (box 148).  Also included in this addendum are Dr. Thomas Swiftwater Hahn's 1983 photographs and negatives of historic Jefferson County, West Virginia buildings, structures and remains, and his hand-written Potomac River Valley cement mills notes (box 153). Hahn was an adjunct member of the IHTIA.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Institute for the History of Technology and Industrial Archaeology","Civilian Conservation Corps (U.S.)","Society for Industrial Archeology","West Virginia University. 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Institute for the History of Technology and Industrial Archaeology"],"creators_ssim":["Kemp, Emory L.","Sypolt, Larry N.","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Institute for the History of Technology and Industrial Archaeology","Civilian Conservation Corps (U.S.)","Society for Industrial Archeology","West Virginia University. Institute for the History of Technology and Industrial Archaeology"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Transfer from Institute for the History of Technology and Industrial Archaeology, 2013/06/04"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Historic preservation","Industrial archaeology"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Historic preservation","Industrial archaeology"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["74.04 Linear Feet 46 document cases, 5 in. each; 6 document cases, 4 in. each; 15 document cases, 2.5 in. each; 16 record cartons, 15 in. each; 8 flat storage boxes, 1.5 in. each (7 large, 1 small); 9 flat storage boxes, 3 in. each; 6 large flat storage boxes, 3.5 in. each; 2 small flat storage boxes, 2.5 in. each; 2 rolled storage boxes, 4 in. each; 23 rolled storage boxes, 5 in. each; 21 rolled storage boxes, 6 in. each; 1 index card box, 12 in.; oversize folders in map cabinets, 31 in.","3.74 Gigabytes 427 files, file types include .wpd, .wps, .jpg, .doc, .jpg, .txt, .docx, .tif, .xls, .wav"],"extent_tesim":["74.04 Linear Feet 46 document cases, 5 in. each; 6 document cases, 4 in. each; 15 document cases, 2.5 in. each; 16 record cartons, 15 in. each; 8 flat storage boxes, 1.5 in. each (7 large, 1 small); 9 flat storage boxes, 3 in. each; 6 large flat storage boxes, 3.5 in. each; 2 small flat storage boxes, 2.5 in. each; 2 rolled storage boxes, 4 in. each; 23 rolled storage boxes, 5 in. each; 21 rolled storage boxes, 6 in. each; 1 index card box, 12 in.; oversize folders in map cabinets, 31 in.","3.74 Gigabytes 427 files, file types include .wpd, .wps, .jpg, .doc, .jpg, .txt, .docx, .tif, .xls, .wav"],"date_range_isim":[1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll or part of this collection is stored offsite. Please make an appointment prior to visiting.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may access born digital materials by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the \u003ca href=\"https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center reference department\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["All or part of this collection is stored offsite. Please make an appointment prior to visiting.","Researchers may access born digital materials by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe creation of the Institute for the History of Technology and Industrial Archaeology (IHTIA) was spurred in part by the work of Dr. Emory L. Kemp, a West Virginia University civil engineering professor and an internationally renowned covered bridge expert, to restore the Philippi Covered Bridge, which was severely damaged by fire in 1989. He was selected for the restoration by then Governor Gaston Caperton, who also hoped for the restoration of West Virginia's other seventeen covered bridges.  When Caperton's original plans did not come to pass, WVU Provost and Vice President of Academic Affairs and Research William E. Vehse and Dr. Kemp created the idea of an institute to oversee the restoration of the Philippi Covered Bridge and the other seventeen bridges and its funding.  \n \nConcurrent with the announced Philippi Covered Bridge restoration, a grass roots effort was begun to save the High Gate Carriage House. James E. Watson, son of pioneer coal baron James Otis Watson, built the High Gate Mansion and Carriage House in 1910-1913. In the mid-1950s, the Ross Funeral Home purchased the mansion and opened a mortuary in the house. By the late 1980s, the carriage house, formerly a nursing home, was now unused. In the spring of 1989, a national fast-food chain announced plans to purchase and demolish the High Gate Carriage House, replacing it with a drive-in restaurant. These plans were met with local opposition and led to the formation of the Friends of High Gate, a non-profit organization to save the carriage house. US Representative Alan Mollohan, who lived nearby, was interested in historic preservation, but more importantly desired to see the historic carriage house saved and preserved. The friends group received congressional aid from Mollohan's office and were able to purchase and save the property from development. \n \nAt this time, Mollohan approached Kemp about the preservation of the High Gate Carriage House property. Kemp undoubtably suggested that the High Gate Carriage House needed to be recorded to HABS Standards as one of the first steps in its preservation but would require funding. The documentation of High Gate Carriage House led to the initial federal funding of the IHTIA. \n \nThe Institute for the History of Technology and Industrial Archaeology was founded by an act of the United States Congress in 1989. Under its founding act, IHTIA was authorized to document, preserve, and interpret historically significant sites relating to the nation's industrial engineering and technology history, but it was also established as advisory group to Congress. In the late 1980s, industrial sites, such as Cambria Irons Works in Johnstown, Pennsylvania became units of the National Park Service, and many other industrial sites were being proposed. The IHTIA was created partially to advise Congress on which of these proposed parks should be included in the National Parks system. The industrial site evaluation charge was never fully realized, and IHTIA focused on its larger mission of the history of technology and industrial archaeology.  The IHTIA was part of West Virginia University's Eberly College of Arts and Sciences.\n \nAt first, IHTIA's federal funding was very strong. This funding was complimented by an abundance of sponsored research projects and the future seemed bright. By the mid-1990s, however, things began to change with Vice President Al Gore's changes to government, when the IHTIA's budget became targeted as \"wasteful federal spending.\" As a result, the IHTIA budget became part of HAER's budget. This was coupled with the Historic American Engineering Record's (HAER; a partial funding source for IHTIA) declining funding, which led to a portion of IHTIA's budget being appropriated by HAER. Following the 2001 September 11 attacks, funding dried up for Cultural Resource Management projects. During the early 2000s, the declining federal budget and the dearth of sponsored work, along with inadequate leadership, plagued IHTIA until it finally closed its doors in circa 2006. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSources:  \nAuthors recollections. Lee R. Maddex, IHTIA historian \nOral interview with Dr. Billy Joe Peyton, former IHTIA Associate Director, 2023 December 22\nCRM Vol. 23 No. 4, 2000, p. 42 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePlease see control folder for a more in-depth history of the IHTIA.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The creation of the Institute for the History of Technology and Industrial Archaeology (IHTIA) was spurred in part by the work of Dr. Emory L. Kemp, a West Virginia University civil engineering professor and an internationally renowned covered bridge expert, to restore the Philippi Covered Bridge, which was severely damaged by fire in 1989. He was selected for the restoration by then Governor Gaston Caperton, who also hoped for the restoration of West Virginia's other seventeen covered bridges.  When Caperton's original plans did not come to pass, WVU Provost and Vice President of Academic Affairs and Research William E. Vehse and Dr. Kemp created the idea of an institute to oversee the restoration of the Philippi Covered Bridge and the other seventeen bridges and its funding.  \n \nConcurrent with the announced Philippi Covered Bridge restoration, a grass roots effort was begun to save the High Gate Carriage House. James E. Watson, son of pioneer coal baron James Otis Watson, built the High Gate Mansion and Carriage House in 1910-1913. In the mid-1950s, the Ross Funeral Home purchased the mansion and opened a mortuary in the house. By the late 1980s, the carriage house, formerly a nursing home, was now unused. In the spring of 1989, a national fast-food chain announced plans to purchase and demolish the High Gate Carriage House, replacing it with a drive-in restaurant. These plans were met with local opposition and led to the formation of the Friends of High Gate, a non-profit organization to save the carriage house. US Representative Alan Mollohan, who lived nearby, was interested in historic preservation, but more importantly desired to see the historic carriage house saved and preserved. The friends group received congressional aid from Mollohan's office and were able to purchase and save the property from development. \n \nAt this time, Mollohan approached Kemp about the preservation of the High Gate Carriage House property. Kemp undoubtably suggested that the High Gate Carriage House needed to be recorded to HABS Standards as one of the first steps in its preservation but would require funding. The documentation of High Gate Carriage House led to the initial federal funding of the IHTIA. \n \nThe Institute for the History of Technology and Industrial Archaeology was founded by an act of the United States Congress in 1989. Under its founding act, IHTIA was authorized to document, preserve, and interpret historically significant sites relating to the nation's industrial engineering and technology history, but it was also established as advisory group to Congress. In the late 1980s, industrial sites, such as Cambria Irons Works in Johnstown, Pennsylvania became units of the National Park Service, and many other industrial sites were being proposed. The IHTIA was created partially to advise Congress on which of these proposed parks should be included in the National Parks system. The industrial site evaluation charge was never fully realized, and IHTIA focused on its larger mission of the history of technology and industrial archaeology.  The IHTIA was part of West Virginia University's Eberly College of Arts and Sciences.\n \nAt first, IHTIA's federal funding was very strong. This funding was complimented by an abundance of sponsored research projects and the future seemed bright. By the mid-1990s, however, things began to change with Vice President Al Gore's changes to government, when the IHTIA's budget became targeted as \"wasteful federal spending.\" As a result, the IHTIA budget became part of HAER's budget. This was coupled with the Historic American Engineering Record's (HAER; a partial funding source for IHTIA) declining funding, which led to a portion of IHTIA's budget being appropriated by HAER. Following the 2001 September 11 attacks, funding dried up for Cultural Resource Management projects. During the early 2000s, the declining federal budget and the dearth of sponsored work, along with inadequate leadership, plagued IHTIA until it finally closed its doors in circa 2006.","Sources:  \nAuthors recollections. Lee R. Maddex, IHTIA historian \nOral interview with Dr. Billy Joe Peyton, former IHTIA Associate Director, 2023 December 22\nCRM Vol. 23 No. 4, 2000, p. 42","Please see control folder for a more in-depth history of the IHTIA."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA large portion of bridge related content was created by Emory Kemp, Director of the Institute, as part of research he conducted outside the scope of IHTIA activities.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) material in this collection was collected and compiled by Larry Sypolt, an employee of the Institute.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["A large portion of bridge related content was created by Emory Kemp, Director of the Institute, as part of research he conducted outside the scope of IHTIA activities.","The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) material in this collection was collected and compiled by Larry Sypolt, an employee of the Institute."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIHTIA Project Descriptions\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe following list includes project descriptions for material in this collection, A\u0026amp;M 3936.  For example, records for the Bridge Patent Survey can be found in boxes 15-18.)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBridge Patent Survey (see boxes 15-18): This project was begun under the 1991 IHTIA work plan. During the summer of 1991, IHTIA staff amassed copies of approximately 500 American bridge patent drawings and specification spanning the years 1790-1890. As originally conceived the patent drawings and specifications would be scanned and published in a searchable CD-ROM format. This format eventually proved obsolete. Ultimately, the West Virginia University Press published the results of this survey in a 2005 monograph entitled American Bridge Patents: The First Century (1790-1890).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTrump Lilly Farm Historic Structures and Cultural Landscape Report (see boxes 24, 26-28, 56, 65/folder 1, 66/folder 26, and map cabinet 8, drawer 23): This project was sponsored research undertaken by a cooperative agreement between IHTIA and the National Park Service.  The project deliverable was the Trump Lilly Farm Historic Structures and Cultural Landscape. The report, completed to NPS standards, included the following sections: administrative data, physical history and analysis, architectural and landscape data, recommendations and appendices. The report also included ink-on-mylar measured drawings of the farm structures existing conditions and photographs, both contemporary and historic. This work was undertaken in 1993-1994.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThurmond Depot Historic Structure Report (see boxes 29-34, 51, 62/folders 9a-9c, 66/folder 25, and map cabinet 8, drawer 10): This project was sponsored research undertaken by a cooperative agreement between IHTIA and the National Park Service. The project deliverable was the Thurmond Depot historic structures report. This report, completed to NPS Standards, included narrative history of the depot, ink-on-mylar measured drawings documenting existing conditions, recommendations for adaptive reuse, and archival photographs. The final report was printed and distributed to New River Gorge National River and government repositories. Work was undertaken in 1990-1991.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAllegheny National Forest (see box 32 and map cabinet 8, drawer 4): A two year project. In the first phase IHTIA surveyed Allegheny National Forest (ANF) powerhouses and extant oil heritage sites as part of IHTIA project development (also in this first phase, IHTIA and the Society for Industrial Archeology Three Rivers Chapter conducted a site recording workshop on ANF). This work was undertaken during the spring of 1996. The second phase was sponsored research under a tripartite cooperative agreement between IHTIA, HAER and ANF. A combined team comprised of IHTIA, HAER and ANF staff and summer employees documented central power systems on Allegheny National Forest. IHTIA produced a narrative history, large-format photographs and ink-on-mylar measured drawings. This work was undertaken in the summer of 1997. After completion, this package was transmitted to HAER, and is included in the Library of Congress HAER Collection (HAER PA-436).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMagnolia Plantation (see boxes 38 and 64/folder 21): This project was undertaken in cooperation with HAER under the 1996 IHTIA work plan. IHTIA photographer served as project photographer on the HAER documentation of the Magnolia Plantation Cotton Gins and Presses, Natchitoches Vicinity, Louisiana. IHTIA produced large-format photographs of the structure, gins and presses. This work was undertaken in the summer of 1996. These photographs were transmitted to HAER and are included in the Library of Congress HAER Collection (HAER No. LA-11).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eShenandoah Pulp Mill (see boxes 39 and 66/folder 23): This project was undertaken in cooperation with HAER under the 1994 IHTIA work plan. IHTIA delineators and photographer recorded the ruins of the Shenandoah Pulp Mill, near Harpers Ferry, West Virginia. IHTIA produced, to HAER Standards, ink-on-mylar measured drawings and large-format photographs. HAER staff completed the narrative history. This work was undertaken in the summer of 1994. The photographs and drawings were transmitted to HAER and are included in the Library of Congress HAER Collection (HAER WV-59).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVance Farmhouse National Register Nomination (see box 65/folder 10 and map cabinet 8, drawer 1): This nomination was prepared under the 1990 IHTIA work plan. The Bicentennial House (aka Vance Farmhouse) was the headquarters of IHTIA. The nomination was prepared in the fall of 1990 and the Bicentennial House was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in November 1991.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSkyline Drive Historic District National Register Nomination (see boxes 54, 65/folder 8, and map cabinet 8, drawer 21): Project was undertaken under a cooperative agreement between IHTIA and the National Park Service. IHTIA prepared a National Register Nomination for the105 mile long Skyline Drive, located in Shenandoah National Park. In addition to the National Register nomination, IHTIA delineators produced the Skyline Drive Landscape Report documenting the Skyline Drive overlooks and viewsheds. This work was undertaken in summer 1992. The Skyline Drive Historic District was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in April 1997.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNuttallburg Mine Complex (see boxes 64/folder 22, 66/folder 21, and map cabinet 8, drawer 16): This project was under the 1991 IHTIA work.  The Nuttallburg Mine Complex, located within the boundaries of the New River Gorge National River, was the first HAER level documentation undertaken by IHTIA. The HAER package consisted of a narrative history, large-format photographs, and ink-on-mylar drawings. The project was transmitted to HAER and is included in the Library of Congress HAER Collection (HAER WV-51). Work was undertaken in 1991-1992.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1992 Industrial Archaeology Field School (see boxes 62/folder 7, 62/folder 10, and 63/folder 1): The first of three field schools conducted by IHTIA and taught techniques of site recording. The 1992 Field School was funded under the 1992 IHTIA work plan. The students recorded the Boteler Cement Mill ruins, near Shepherdstown, WV and Virginius Island ruins at Harpers Ferry, WV with measured drawings and large-format photographs. Additionally, the students prepared a draft National Register Nomination for the Boteler Cement Mill. Ink-on-mylar drawings (completed by IHTIA staff) and photographs were transmitted to HAER and are included in the Library of Congress HAER Collection (HAER WV-82 \u0026amp; HAER WV-83).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLa Belle Iron Works (see box 66/folder 18): This HAER project was funded under the 1990 IHTIA work plan. The La Belle Nail Works was one of two surviving American cut nail factories (now defunct). The HAER team documented the manufacturing process with a narrative history, large-format photographs and ink-on-mylar measured drawings. This package is included in the Library of Congress HAER Collection (HAER WV-47).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWarwood Tool Company (see boxes 63/folder 2, 65/folder 10, and 66/folder 28): This HAER project was funded under the 1990 IHTIA work plan. The Warwood Tool Company manufactures high quality railroad and industrial tools. The HAER team documented the manufacturing process with a narrative history, large-format photographs and ink-on-mylar measured drawings. This package is included in the Library of Congress HAER Collection (HAER WV-48).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWaverly Street Bridge (see boxes 63/folder 3, 66/folder 29, and map cabinet 8, drawer 24): The project was sponsored research undertaken under an agreement between IHTIA and the Allegany County [Maryland] Department of Public Works. The Waverly Street Bridge, recorded to HAER Standards, a narrative history, large-format photographs and ink-on-mylar measured drawings. The package was transmitted to HAER and is included in the Library of Congress HAER Collection (HAER MD-83).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlair Mountain Reconnaissance Survey (see boxes 63/folders 9a-9b, 66/folder 5, and map cabinet 8, drawer 7): The West Virginia Humanities Council commissioned IHTIA, as an unbiased organization, to undertake a reconnaissance survey of the Blair Mountain Battlefield site. IHTIA staff spent a week in early February 1991 surveying the battlefield and interviewing local informants. IHTIA staff conducted additional research in Morgantown and produced the Blair Mountain Cultural Reconnaissance Survey Report. The final draft report was sent to the WV Humanities Council.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdvisory Committee Meetings (see box 47): The IHTIA Advisory Committee was an advisory board created to oversee how the IHTIA expended its federal funding. The committee met annually to discuss and approve the IHTIA work plan. The Committee consisted of representatives from the West Virginia, Pennsylvania and Ohio State Historic Preservation Offices, the WVU Research Corporation, the Historic American Engineering Record and WVU History Department. Staff presented their work plan projects to the committee for discussion and approval.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSociety for Industrial Archeology (see boxes 35-36 and map cabinet 8, drawer 30): Society for Industrial Archeology (SIA) is the professional organization for the discipline of industrial archeology. Emory Kemp was one of the founding members of SIA (founded in 1971). IHTIA was involved in SIA activities from its start. IHTIA initiated the formation of the SIA Pittsburgh Three Rivers Chapter in 1991 and hosted the 1993 Pittsburgh SIA Conference (including paper proposals, organizing tours, printing and mailing brochure, etc.). IHTIA hosted several Three Rivers Chapter symposia and staff attended and presented at numerous SIA conferences.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e--\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIHTIA Projects Not in the Contents List\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe following list includes projects undertaken by the IHTIA for which there are no descriptions of material in this collection, A\u0026amp;M 3936.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAnthracite/Bituminous Coal Study\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nBarrackville Covered Bridge Stabilization Plan\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nBollman Truss National Landmark Nomination\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nChestnut Ridge Iron Industry\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nCononcocheague Creek Aqueduct (HAER MD-123)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nCovered Bridge Video\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nCut Nail Context\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nFairbank Oil Field\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nFairmont Industrial Survey\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nField School 1994 (Clarysville, Maryland)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nField School 2001 (Canada)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nHarvey Lock National Register Evaluation\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nHigh Level Bridge National Register Nomination\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nIHTIA Monographs\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nIHTIA Technical Reports\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nIndustrial Site Evaluation\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nIron and Steel Context\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nIronmaking in the Virginias\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nIronmasters Conferences 1999 and 2002\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nJoanna Furnace Recordation\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nKanawha Valley Chemical Heritage Symposium May 2003\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nKanawha Valley Chemical Industry Survey\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nKaymoor Mine Site Stabilization\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nLock and Dam No. 7 Video\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nMidland Trail Scenic Byways\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nMississippi Basin Model\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nMonessen Open Hearth Study (HAER PA-253)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nNational Road Documentation\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nNew River Gorge Historic Context Update\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nNorth Bend Rail Trails Guide\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nNorthern West Virginia Coalfields Context\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nOxford Furnace\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPrincipio Furnace Management Plan\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSt. Nicholas Breaker\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nStaunton to Parkersburg Turnpike\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nThurmond Depot Historic Furnishing Report\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nIn addition, the following terms that regularly appeared in the collection have been abbreviated: \u003clist\u003e \u003citem\u003eAllegheny National Forest (ANF) \u003c/item\u003e \u003citem\u003e American Canal Society (ACS) \u003c/item\u003e \u003citem\u003e Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) \u003c/item\u003e \u003citem\u003e Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (B\u0026amp;O Railroad) \u003c/item\u003e \u003citem\u003e Chesapeake and Ohio Canal (C\u0026amp;O Canal) \u003c/item\u003e \u003citem\u003e Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) \u003c/item\u003e \u003citem\u003e United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) \u003c/item\u003e \u003citem\u003e Institute for the History of Technology and Industrial Archaeology (IHTIA) \u003c/item\u003e \u003citem\u003e Historic American Engineering Record (HAER) \u003c/item\u003e \u003citem\u003e Historic American Building Survey (HABS) \u003c/item\u003e \u003citem\u003e National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) \u003c/item\u003e \u003citem\u003e National Forest (NF)\u003c/item\u003e \u003citem\u003e National Park Service (NPS) \u003c/item\u003e \u003citem\u003e Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), previously the Soil Conservation Service (SCS) \u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e Society for Industrial Archaeology (SIA) \u003c/item\u003e \u003citem\u003e West Virginia University (WVU) \u003c/item\u003e \u003citem\u003e United States Geological Survey (USGS)\u003c/item\u003e \u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Project Descriptions"],"odd_tesim":["IHTIA Project Descriptions","The following list includes project descriptions for material in this collection, A\u0026M 3936.  For example, records for the Bridge Patent Survey can be found in boxes 15-18.)","Bridge Patent Survey (see boxes 15-18): This project was begun under the 1991 IHTIA work plan. During the summer of 1991, IHTIA staff amassed copies of approximately 500 American bridge patent drawings and specification spanning the years 1790-1890. As originally conceived the patent drawings and specifications would be scanned and published in a searchable CD-ROM format. This format eventually proved obsolete. Ultimately, the West Virginia University Press published the results of this survey in a 2005 monograph entitled American Bridge Patents: The First Century (1790-1890).","Trump Lilly Farm Historic Structures and Cultural Landscape Report (see boxes 24, 26-28, 56, 65/folder 1, 66/folder 26, and map cabinet 8, drawer 23): This project was sponsored research undertaken by a cooperative agreement between IHTIA and the National Park Service.  The project deliverable was the Trump Lilly Farm Historic Structures and Cultural Landscape. The report, completed to NPS standards, included the following sections: administrative data, physical history and analysis, architectural and landscape data, recommendations and appendices. The report also included ink-on-mylar measured drawings of the farm structures existing conditions and photographs, both contemporary and historic. This work was undertaken in 1993-1994.","Thurmond Depot Historic Structure Report (see boxes 29-34, 51, 62/folders 9a-9c, 66/folder 25, and map cabinet 8, drawer 10): This project was sponsored research undertaken by a cooperative agreement between IHTIA and the National Park Service. The project deliverable was the Thurmond Depot historic structures report. This report, completed to NPS Standards, included narrative history of the depot, ink-on-mylar measured drawings documenting existing conditions, recommendations for adaptive reuse, and archival photographs. The final report was printed and distributed to New River Gorge National River and government repositories. Work was undertaken in 1990-1991.","Allegheny National Forest (see box 32 and map cabinet 8, drawer 4): A two year project. In the first phase IHTIA surveyed Allegheny National Forest (ANF) powerhouses and extant oil heritage sites as part of IHTIA project development (also in this first phase, IHTIA and the Society for Industrial Archeology Three Rivers Chapter conducted a site recording workshop on ANF). This work was undertaken during the spring of 1996. The second phase was sponsored research under a tripartite cooperative agreement between IHTIA, HAER and ANF. A combined team comprised of IHTIA, HAER and ANF staff and summer employees documented central power systems on Allegheny National Forest. IHTIA produced a narrative history, large-format photographs and ink-on-mylar measured drawings. This work was undertaken in the summer of 1997. After completion, this package was transmitted to HAER, and is included in the Library of Congress HAER Collection (HAER PA-436).","Magnolia Plantation (see boxes 38 and 64/folder 21): This project was undertaken in cooperation with HAER under the 1996 IHTIA work plan. IHTIA photographer served as project photographer on the HAER documentation of the Magnolia Plantation Cotton Gins and Presses, Natchitoches Vicinity, Louisiana. IHTIA produced large-format photographs of the structure, gins and presses. This work was undertaken in the summer of 1996. These photographs were transmitted to HAER and are included in the Library of Congress HAER Collection (HAER No. LA-11).","Shenandoah Pulp Mill (see boxes 39 and 66/folder 23): This project was undertaken in cooperation with HAER under the 1994 IHTIA work plan. IHTIA delineators and photographer recorded the ruins of the Shenandoah Pulp Mill, near Harpers Ferry, West Virginia. IHTIA produced, to HAER Standards, ink-on-mylar measured drawings and large-format photographs. HAER staff completed the narrative history. This work was undertaken in the summer of 1994. The photographs and drawings were transmitted to HAER and are included in the Library of Congress HAER Collection (HAER WV-59).","Vance Farmhouse National Register Nomination (see box 65/folder 10 and map cabinet 8, drawer 1): This nomination was prepared under the 1990 IHTIA work plan. The Bicentennial House (aka Vance Farmhouse) was the headquarters of IHTIA. The nomination was prepared in the fall of 1990 and the Bicentennial House was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in November 1991.","Skyline Drive Historic District National Register Nomination (see boxes 54, 65/folder 8, and map cabinet 8, drawer 21): Project was undertaken under a cooperative agreement between IHTIA and the National Park Service. IHTIA prepared a National Register Nomination for the105 mile long Skyline Drive, located in Shenandoah National Park. In addition to the National Register nomination, IHTIA delineators produced the Skyline Drive Landscape Report documenting the Skyline Drive overlooks and viewsheds. This work was undertaken in summer 1992. The Skyline Drive Historic District was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in April 1997.","Nuttallburg Mine Complex (see boxes 64/folder 22, 66/folder 21, and map cabinet 8, drawer 16): This project was under the 1991 IHTIA work.  The Nuttallburg Mine Complex, located within the boundaries of the New River Gorge National River, was the first HAER level documentation undertaken by IHTIA. The HAER package consisted of a narrative history, large-format photographs, and ink-on-mylar drawings. The project was transmitted to HAER and is included in the Library of Congress HAER Collection (HAER WV-51). Work was undertaken in 1991-1992.","1992 Industrial Archaeology Field School (see boxes 62/folder 7, 62/folder 10, and 63/folder 1): The first of three field schools conducted by IHTIA and taught techniques of site recording. The 1992 Field School was funded under the 1992 IHTIA work plan. The students recorded the Boteler Cement Mill ruins, near Shepherdstown, WV and Virginius Island ruins at Harpers Ferry, WV with measured drawings and large-format photographs. Additionally, the students prepared a draft National Register Nomination for the Boteler Cement Mill. Ink-on-mylar drawings (completed by IHTIA staff) and photographs were transmitted to HAER and are included in the Library of Congress HAER Collection (HAER WV-82 \u0026 HAER WV-83).","La Belle Iron Works (see box 66/folder 18): This HAER project was funded under the 1990 IHTIA work plan. The La Belle Nail Works was one of two surviving American cut nail factories (now defunct). The HAER team documented the manufacturing process with a narrative history, large-format photographs and ink-on-mylar measured drawings. This package is included in the Library of Congress HAER Collection (HAER WV-47).","Warwood Tool Company (see boxes 63/folder 2, 65/folder 10, and 66/folder 28): This HAER project was funded under the 1990 IHTIA work plan. The Warwood Tool Company manufactures high quality railroad and industrial tools. The HAER team documented the manufacturing process with a narrative history, large-format photographs and ink-on-mylar measured drawings. This package is included in the Library of Congress HAER Collection (HAER WV-48).","Waverly Street Bridge (see boxes 63/folder 3, 66/folder 29, and map cabinet 8, drawer 24): The project was sponsored research undertaken under an agreement between IHTIA and the Allegany County [Maryland] Department of Public Works. The Waverly Street Bridge, recorded to HAER Standards, a narrative history, large-format photographs and ink-on-mylar measured drawings. The package was transmitted to HAER and is included in the Library of Congress HAER Collection (HAER MD-83).","Blair Mountain Reconnaissance Survey (see boxes 63/folders 9a-9b, 66/folder 5, and map cabinet 8, drawer 7): The West Virginia Humanities Council commissioned IHTIA, as an unbiased organization, to undertake a reconnaissance survey of the Blair Mountain Battlefield site. IHTIA staff spent a week in early February 1991 surveying the battlefield and interviewing local informants. IHTIA staff conducted additional research in Morgantown and produced the Blair Mountain Cultural Reconnaissance Survey Report. The final draft report was sent to the WV Humanities Council.","Advisory Committee Meetings (see box 47): The IHTIA Advisory Committee was an advisory board created to oversee how the IHTIA expended its federal funding. The committee met annually to discuss and approve the IHTIA work plan. The Committee consisted of representatives from the West Virginia, Pennsylvania and Ohio State Historic Preservation Offices, the WVU Research Corporation, the Historic American Engineering Record and WVU History Department. Staff presented their work plan projects to the committee for discussion and approval.","Society for Industrial Archeology (see boxes 35-36 and map cabinet 8, drawer 30): Society for Industrial Archeology (SIA) is the professional organization for the discipline of industrial archeology. Emory Kemp was one of the founding members of SIA (founded in 1971). IHTIA was involved in SIA activities from its start. IHTIA initiated the formation of the SIA Pittsburgh Three Rivers Chapter in 1991 and hosted the 1993 Pittsburgh SIA Conference (including paper proposals, organizing tours, printing and mailing brochure, etc.). IHTIA hosted several Three Rivers Chapter symposia and staff attended and presented at numerous SIA conferences.","--","IHTIA Projects Not in the Contents List","The following list includes projects undertaken by the IHTIA for which there are no descriptions of material in this collection, A\u0026M 3936.","Anthracite/Bituminous Coal Study\nBarrackville Covered Bridge Stabilization Plan\nBollman Truss National Landmark Nomination\nChestnut Ridge Iron Industry\nCononcocheague Creek Aqueduct (HAER MD-123)\nCovered Bridge Video\nCut Nail Context\nFairbank Oil Field\nFairmont Industrial Survey\nField School 1994 (Clarysville, Maryland)\nField School 2001 (Canada)\nHarvey Lock National Register Evaluation\nHigh Level Bridge National Register Nomination\nIHTIA Monographs\nIHTIA Technical Reports\nIndustrial Site Evaluation\nIron and Steel Context\nIronmaking in the Virginias\nIronmasters Conferences 1999 and 2002\nJoanna Furnace Recordation\nKanawha Valley Chemical Heritage Symposium May 2003\nKanawha Valley Chemical Industry Survey\nKaymoor Mine Site Stabilization\nLock and Dam No. 7 Video\nMidland Trail Scenic Byways\nMississippi Basin Model\nMonessen Open Hearth Study (HAER PA-253)\nNational Road Documentation\nNew River Gorge Historic Context Update\nNorth Bend Rail Trails Guide\nNorthern West Virginia Coalfields Context\nOxford Furnace\nPrincipio Furnace Management Plan\nSt. Nicholas Breaker\nStaunton to Parkersburg Turnpike\nThurmond Depot Historic Furnishing Report","In addition, the following terms that regularly appeared in the collection have been abbreviated:  Allegheny National Forest (ANF)   American Canal Society (ACS)   Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA)   Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (B\u0026O Railroad)   Chesapeake and Ohio Canal (C\u0026O Canal)   Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)   United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)   Institute for the History of Technology and Industrial Archaeology (IHTIA)   Historic American Engineering Record (HAER)   Historic American Building Survey (HABS)   National Register of Historic Places (NRHP)   National Forest (NF)  National Park Service (NPS)   Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), previously the Soil Conservation Service (SCS)  Society for Industrial Archaeology (SIA)   West Virginia University (WVU)   United States Geological Survey (USGS)"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Institute for the History of Technology and Industrial Archaeology Records, A\u0026amp;M 3936, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Institute for the History of Technology and Industrial Archaeology Records, A\u0026M 3936, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDuring a review of this collection, boxes 4 and 5 were combined. Box 5 no longer exists.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["During a review of this collection, boxes 4 and 5 were combined. Box 5 no longer exists."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRecords of the Institute for the History of Technology and Industrial Archaeology (IHTIA), an organization affiliated with West Virginia University, including reports and research papers regarding the history of industrial technology and preservation of historical sites, particularly within West Virginia and the Mid-Atlantic region. This collection also includes photographs, negatives, and photo mechanical transfers of historical sites in these regions. For a more complete list of IHTIA projects represented in this collection, please see the \"Project Descriptions\" note.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAddendum of 2022 (boxes 148-153) contains IHTIA materials found at the Bicentennial House following the departure of the West Virginia University Press from the building in 2022. These materials include documents and photographs from IHTIA recordation projects, including the St. Nicholas Central Breaker, Fairmont Industrial Guide, LaVale Toll House, Little Crossings Bridge, Park Gap Lane Truss Bridge, Crab Run Lane Truss Bridge, West Virginia Independence Hall, the Muskingum Navigation; and Croton Aqueduct (all boxes 148-149); Joanna Furnace (box 151); IHTIA Technical Reports for the Alexander Campbell Mansion and the Trump-Lilley Farm (box 150); and Battle of Blair Mountain Historic Structures documentation base maps (box 152). Additionally, there are IHTIA press release materials for Emory Kemp's Benedum Distinguished Scholar Award lecture \"Links in a Chain\" and for the release of the Cement Mills Along the Potomac monograph (box 148).  Also included in this addendum are Dr. Thomas Swiftwater Hahn's 1983 photographs and negatives of historic Jefferson County, West Virginia buildings, structures and remains, and his hand-written Potomac River Valley cement mills notes (box 153). Hahn was an adjunct member of the IHTIA. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Records of the Institute for the History of Technology and Industrial Archaeology (IHTIA), an organization affiliated with West Virginia University, including reports and research papers regarding the history of industrial technology and preservation of historical sites, particularly within West Virginia and the Mid-Atlantic region. This collection also includes photographs, negatives, and photo mechanical transfers of historical sites in these regions. For a more complete list of IHTIA projects represented in this collection, please see the \"Project Descriptions\" note.","Addendum of 2022 (boxes 148-153) contains IHTIA materials found at the Bicentennial House following the departure of the West Virginia University Press from the building in 2022. These materials include documents and photographs from IHTIA recordation projects, including the St. Nicholas Central Breaker, Fairmont Industrial Guide, LaVale Toll House, Little Crossings Bridge, Park Gap Lane Truss Bridge, Crab Run Lane Truss Bridge, West Virginia Independence Hall, the Muskingum Navigation; and Croton Aqueduct (all boxes 148-149); Joanna Furnace (box 151); IHTIA Technical Reports for the Alexander Campbell Mansion and the Trump-Lilley Farm (box 150); and Battle of Blair Mountain Historic Structures documentation base maps (box 152). Additionally, there are IHTIA press release materials for Emory Kemp's Benedum Distinguished Scholar Award lecture \"Links in a Chain\" and for the release of the Cement Mills Along the Potomac monograph (box 148).  Also included in this addendum are Dr. Thomas Swiftwater Hahn's 1983 photographs and negatives of historic Jefferson County, West Virginia buildings, structures and remains, and his hand-written Potomac River Valley cement mills notes (box 153). Hahn was an adjunct member of the IHTIA."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_5926602110145fb60faef048193395aa\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Institute for the History of Technology and Industrial Archaeology","Civilian Conservation Corps (U.S.)","Society for Industrial Archeology","West Virginia University. Institute for the History of Technology and Industrial Archaeology"],"names_coll_ssim":["Civilian Conservation Corps (U.S.)","Society for Industrial Archeology","West Virginia University. Institute for the History of Technology and Industrial Archaeology","Kemp, Emory L.","Sypolt, Larry N."],"persname_ssim":["Kemp, Emory L.","Sypolt, Larry N."],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Institute for the History of Technology and Industrial Archaeology","Civilian Conservation Corps (U.S.)","Society for Industrial Archeology","West Virginia University. Institute for the History of Technology and Industrial Archaeology","Kemp, Emory L.","Sypolt, Larry N."],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":940,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:56:44.747Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3045_c30"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3064_c139","type":"Box","attributes":{"title":"Time Sheets, 1928/1954","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3064_c139#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3064_c139","ref_ssm":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3064_c139"],"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3064_c139","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3064","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3064","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3064","parent_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3064","parent_ssim":["Hiram Carpenter, Records of a Pleasants County Businessman, 1914/1980, bulk 1918/1966"],"parent_ids_ssim":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3064"],"title_filing_ssi":"Time Sheets","title_ssm":["Time Sheets"],"title_tesim":["Time Sheets"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Time Sheets, 1928/1954"],"text":["Time Sheets, 1928/1954","Hiram Carpenter, Records of a Pleasants County Businessman, 1914/1980, bulk 1918/1966","Box 98"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Hiram Carpenter, Records of a Pleasants County Businessman, 1914/1980, bulk 1918/1966"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Hiram Carpenter, Records of a Pleasants County Businessman, 1914/1980, bulk 1918/1966"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1928/1954"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1928-1954"],"level_ssm":["Box"],"level_ssim":["Box"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":139,"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"collection_ssim":["Hiram Carpenter, Records of a Pleasants County Businessman, 1914/1980, bulk 1918/1966"],"containers_ssim":["Box 98"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["All or part of this collection is stored offsite. Please make an appointment prior to visiting."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"date_range_isim":[1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954],"_nest_path_":"/components#138","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:56:44.747Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3064","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3064","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3064","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3064","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_3064.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/197106","title_ssm":["Hiram Carpenter, Records of a Pleasants County Businessman"],"title_tesim":["Hiram Carpenter, Records of a Pleasants County Businessman"],"unitdate_ssm":["ca. 1914-1980","1918-1966"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["ca. 1914-1980"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1918-1966"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1914/1980, bulk 1918/1966"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Hiram Carpenter, Records of a Pleasants County Businessman, 1914/1980, bulk 1918/1966"],"text":["Hiram Carpenter, Records of a Pleasants County Businessman, 1914/1980, bulk 1918/1966","A\u0026M 3909","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/3064","Ohio River","Pleasants County (W. Va.)","St. Marys (W. Va.)","Apples -- Marketing","Business correspondence","All or part of this collection is stored offsite. Please make an appointment prior to visiting.","Records of Pleasants County businessman Hiram Carpenter, based in St. Marys, West Virginia. Includes correspondence, financial and legal records, and other material.","Hiram A. Carpenter, a native of Pleasants County, West Virginia, was a well-known riverman who began his career ferrying mail between Raven Rock and Leith, Ohio, when he was 13 years old. A successful businessman, his many enterprises included a sand and gravel business and farming on 13 of the Ohio River islands, which he owned at one time. Cultivation of apples and potatoes, road construction, transportation, and his greatest undertaking, building the Short Route Bridge across the Ohio River in 1928, were among his many endeavors, spanning a lifetime of almost 90 years.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Records of Pleasants County businessman Hiram Carpenter, based in St. Marys, West Virginia. Includes correspondence, financial and legal records, and other material. Hiram A. Carpenter, a native of Pleasants County, West Virginia, was a well-known riverman who began his career ferrying mail between Raven Rock and Leith, Ohio, when he was 13 years old. A successful businessman, his many enterprises included a sand and gravel business and farming on 13 of the Ohio River islands, which he owned at one time. Cultivation of apples and potatoes, road construction, transportation, and his greatest undertaking, building the Short Route Bridge across the Ohio River in 1928, were among his many endeavors, spanning a lifetime of almost 90 years.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Carpenter, Hiram.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Hiram Carpenter, Records of a Pleasants County Businessman, 1914/1980, bulk 1918/1966"],"collection_ssim":["Hiram Carpenter, Records of a Pleasants County Businessman, 1914/1980, bulk 1918/1966"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 3909","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/3064"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 3909","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/3064"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Ohio River","Pleasants County (W. 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(1 document case, 5 in.); (1 document case, 2 1/2 in.); (117 records cartons, 15 in. each); (1 records carton, 17 in.); (7 unboxed ledgers, 20 in.)"],"extent_tesim":["150 Linear Feet 149 ft. 11 1/2 in. (1 document case, 5 in.); (1 document case, 2 1/2 in.); (117 records cartons, 15 in. each); (1 records carton, 17 in.); (7 unboxed ledgers, 20 in.)"],"genreform_ssim":["Business correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll or part of this collection is stored offsite. Please make an appointment prior to visiting.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["All or part of this collection is stored offsite. Please make an appointment prior to visiting."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Hiram Carpenter, Records of a Pleasants County Businessman, A\u0026amp;M 3909, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Hiram Carpenter, Records of a Pleasants County Businessman, A\u0026M 3909, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRecords of Pleasants County businessman Hiram Carpenter, based in St. Marys, West Virginia. Includes correspondence, financial and legal records, and other material.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHiram A. Carpenter, a native of Pleasants County, West Virginia, was a well-known riverman who began his career ferrying mail between Raven Rock and Leith, Ohio, when he was 13 years old. A successful businessman, his many enterprises included a sand and gravel business and farming on 13 of the Ohio River islands, which he owned at one time. Cultivation of apples and potatoes, road construction, transportation, and his greatest undertaking, building the Short Route Bridge across the Ohio River in 1928, were among his many endeavors, spanning a lifetime of almost 90 years.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Records of Pleasants County businessman Hiram Carpenter, based in St. Marys, West Virginia. Includes correspondence, financial and legal records, and other material.","Hiram A. Carpenter, a native of Pleasants County, West Virginia, was a well-known riverman who began his career ferrying mail between Raven Rock and Leith, Ohio, when he was 13 years old. A successful businessman, his many enterprises included a sand and gravel business and farming on 13 of the Ohio River islands, which he owned at one time. Cultivation of apples and potatoes, road construction, transportation, and his greatest undertaking, building the Short Route Bridge across the Ohio River in 1928, were among his many endeavors, spanning a lifetime of almost 90 years."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_d4dfcfc0d9e594d5eb9e90f192c1ab81\"\u003eRecords of Pleasants County businessman Hiram Carpenter, based in St. Marys, West Virginia. Includes correspondence, financial and legal records, and other material. Hiram A. Carpenter, a native of Pleasants County, West Virginia, was a well-known riverman who began his career ferrying mail between Raven Rock and Leith, Ohio, when he was 13 years old. A successful businessman, his many enterprises included a sand and gravel business and farming on 13 of the Ohio River islands, which he owned at one time. Cultivation of apples and potatoes, road construction, transportation, and his greatest undertaking, building the Short Route Bridge across the Ohio River in 1928, were among his many endeavors, spanning a lifetime of almost 90 years.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Records of Pleasants County businessman Hiram Carpenter, based in St. Marys, West Virginia. Includes correspondence, financial and legal records, and other material. Hiram A. Carpenter, a native of Pleasants County, West Virginia, was a well-known riverman who began his career ferrying mail between Raven Rock and Leith, Ohio, when he was 13 years old. A successful businessman, his many enterprises included a sand and gravel business and farming on 13 of the Ohio River islands, which he owned at one time. Cultivation of apples and potatoes, road construction, transportation, and his greatest undertaking, building the Short Route Bridge across the Ohio River in 1928, were among his many endeavors, spanning a lifetime of almost 90 years."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_00d6516aee511a9d97c652d173c4b06c\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. 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For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Records of Pleasants County businessman Hiram Carpenter, based in St. Marys, West Virginia. Includes correspondence, financial and legal records, and other material. Hiram A. Carpenter, a native of Pleasants County, West Virginia, was a well-known riverman who began his career ferrying mail between Raven Rock and Leith, Ohio, when he was 13 years old. A successful businessman, his many enterprises included a sand and gravel business and farming on 13 of the Ohio River islands, which he owned at one time. Cultivation of apples and potatoes, road construction, transportation, and his greatest undertaking, building the Short Route Bridge across the Ohio River in 1928, were among his many endeavors, spanning a lifetime of almost 90 years.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. 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For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_d4dfcfc0d9e594d5eb9e90f192c1ab81\"\u003eRecords of Pleasants County businessman Hiram Carpenter, based in St. Marys, West Virginia. Includes correspondence, financial and legal records, and other material. Hiram A. Carpenter, a native of Pleasants County, West Virginia, was a well-known riverman who began his career ferrying mail between Raven Rock and Leith, Ohio, when he was 13 years old. A successful businessman, his many enterprises included a sand and gravel business and farming on 13 of the Ohio River islands, which he owned at one time. Cultivation of apples and potatoes, road construction, transportation, and his greatest undertaking, building the Short Route Bridge across the Ohio River in 1928, were among his many endeavors, spanning a lifetime of almost 90 years.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Records of Pleasants County businessman Hiram Carpenter, based in St. Marys, West Virginia. Includes correspondence, financial and legal records, and other material. Hiram A. Carpenter, a native of Pleasants County, West Virginia, was a well-known riverman who began his career ferrying mail between Raven Rock and Leith, Ohio, when he was 13 years old. A successful businessman, his many enterprises included a sand and gravel business and farming on 13 of the Ohio River islands, which he owned at one time. Cultivation of apples and potatoes, road construction, transportation, and his greatest undertaking, building the Short Route Bridge across the Ohio River in 1928, were among his many endeavors, spanning a lifetime of almost 90 years."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_00d6516aee511a9d97c652d173c4b06c\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"persname_ssim":["Carpenter, Hiram."],"names_coll_ssim":["Carpenter, Hiram."],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Carpenter, Hiram."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":142,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:56:44.747Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3064_c142"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6208_c01_c01_c01","type":"Box","attributes":{"title":"Tom Cairnes and E. A. Carter, 1938/1949","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6208_c01_c01_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6208_c01_c01_c01","ref_ssm":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6208_c01_c01_c01"],"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6208_c01_c01_c01","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6208","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6208","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6208_c01_c01","parent_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6208_c01_c01","parent_ssim":["West Virginia Labor Federation AFL-CIO Records, 1908/1981, bulk 1957/1972","Series 1. West Virginia State Federation of Labor, AFL, 1938/1958","A. President's Files, 1938/1949"],"parent_ids_ssim":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6208","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6208_c01","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6208_c01_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"Tom Cairnes and E. A. Carter","title_ssm":["Tom Cairnes and E. A. Carter"],"title_tesim":["Tom Cairnes and E. A. Carter"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Tom Cairnes and E. A. Carter, 1938/1949"],"text":["Tom Cairnes and E. A. Carter, 1938/1949","West Virginia Labor Federation AFL-CIO Records, 1908/1981, bulk 1957/1972","Series 1. West Virginia State Federation of Labor, AFL, 1938/1958","A. President's Files, 1938/1949","Box 1"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["West Virginia Labor Federation AFL-CIO Records, 1908/1981, bulk 1957/1972","Series 1. West Virginia State Federation of Labor, AFL, 1938/1958","A. President's Files, 1938/1949"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["West Virginia Labor Federation AFL-CIO Records, 1908/1981, bulk 1957/1972","Series 1. West Virginia State Federation of Labor, AFL, 1938/1958","A. President's Files, 1938/1949"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1938/1949"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1938-1949"],"level_ssm":["Box"],"level_ssim":["Box"],"component_level_isim":[3],"sort_isi":3,"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"collection_ssim":["West Virginia Labor Federation AFL-CIO Records, 1908/1981, bulk 1957/1972"],"containers_ssim":["Box 1"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Boxes 368-379 contain Social Security numbers and sensitive unemployment records. They will be restricted for 75 years after the date of record creation, but researchers may complete the Agreement for the Use of Sensitive Materials to request access to these materials prior to the expiration of the restriction. To request access, please contact the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department.Audiovisual recordings must be digitized for research access. Researchers must contact the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department in advance to request access."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"date_range_isim":[1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#0/components#0","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:58:31.832Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6208","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6208","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6208","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6208","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_6208.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/199157","title_ssm":["West Virginia Labor Federation AFL-CIO Records"],"title_tesim":["West Virginia Labor Federation AFL-CIO Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1933-1981","1957-1972"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1933-1981"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1957-1972"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1908/1981, bulk 1957/1972"],"normalized_title_ssm":["West Virginia Labor Federation AFL-CIO Records, 1908/1981, bulk 1957/1972"],"text":["West Virginia Labor Federation AFL-CIO Records, 1908/1981, bulk 1957/1972","A\u0026M 1658","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/6208","Account books","Education. SEE ALSO Schools.","Elections","Politics and government.","United States. Labor Management Relations Act, 1947","Taxation","Union names.","Unions. SEE ALSO Labor organization.","New Deal, 1933-1939","Women -- Roles in society","Women","Labor organization.","Boxes 368-379 contain Social Security numbers and sensitive unemployment records. They will be restricted for 75 years after the date of record creation, but researchers may complete the Agreement for the Use of Sensitive Materials to request access to these materials prior to the expiration of the restriction. To request access, please contact the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department.Audiovisual recordings must be digitized for research access. Researchers must contact the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department in advance to request access.","160","This collection includes the records of the West Virginia Labor Federation (WVLF), AFL-CIO as a singular organization, established in 1957, and the records of its predecessor organizations prior to their merger, the American Federation of Labor (AFL) and the Congress of Industrial Organization (CIO). Series 1 comprises records related to the West Virginia State Labor Federation, AFL's internal operation and initiatives, including presidents' files, secretary-treasurers' files, general office files, Department of Education files, and financial materials. Series 2 comprises the records related to the West Virginia State Industrial Union Council, CIO's internal operation and initiatives, including executive secretary-treasurers' files, central office mailings, and records of the Political Action Committee. Series 3 is reflective of the organization's operations and initiatives after the AFL-CIO merger, including files of various presidents, various secretary-treasurers, central office files, convention files, political materials, legislative files, assorted programs, and financial materials. Series 4 is a 1978 addendum to this collection that includes additional files of the WVFL, AFL-CIO after the merger, largely featuring records of initiatives like the Political Action Committee and Women's Activities Department. Series 5 is a 1981 addendum including mostly internal materials, like the notebooks of former organization leaders, photo albums, and copies of AFL-CIO publications.Organizers featured prominently in the collection include Tom Cairnes, E. A. Carter, and Volney Andrews (series 1); Miles Stanley (series 3 and 5); Ben Skeen (series 1 and 3); Glen Armstrong (series 1, 3, and 5); and Pat Sleeth (series 3). WVLF initiatives featured prominently in the collection include the Committee on Political Education (series 3 and 4) and the Women's Activities Department (series 3 and 4), the Appalachian Council (series 3), the Manpower Development and Training Act (series 3), and others. There is a small amount of audiovisual material in this collection in the form of audio recordings created by the WVLF and some photographs that have been digitized for remote access. However, much of this collection is comprised of paper records, ledgers, photographs, printed correspondence, and notebooks.","12 AFL-CIO-produced films were likely separated to A\u0026M 4370, Motion Picture Collection:","\"Four for the Future,\"\n    \"Extremists,\"\n    \"Your Next President,\"\n    \"Good Work for Democracy,\"\n    \"Victims of the Veto,\"\n    \"Issues Film,\"\n    \"Jimmy Carter Speaks,\"\n    \"COPE: Do It,\"\n    1 unidentified film, and\n    3 films titles \"Film COP\"","6 photos separated to A\u0026M 4168, Panoramic Photos Collection:","21st Annual Convention WV State Federation of Labor, Huntington, WV","33rd Annual Convention WV State Federation of Labor","7th Constitutional Convention, United Steelworkers of America, Atlantic City, NJ, 1954/09/20-1954/09/24","1st Constitutional Convention of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO), Islam Grotto Temple, Pittsburgh, PA, 1938/11/14-1938/11/18","5th Constitutional Convention, United Steelworkers of America, Convention Hall, Atlantic City, NJ, 1950/05/08-1950/05/12","6th Biennial Convention, United Steelworkers Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO), Convention Hall, Philadelphia, PA, 1952/05/13-1952/05/17","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536 / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","West Virginia Labor Federation, AFL-CIO","AFL-CIO. Committee on Political Education","AFL-CIO","American Federation of Labor","Congress of Industrial Organizations (U.S.)","Parkersburg Central Trades \u0026 Labor Council","West Virginia Industrial Union Council, CIO","Wheeling Typographical Union, No.79","Dix, Keith","Beard, Lee","Andrews, Volney.","Armstrong, Glenn.","Barron, W. W.","Biaggi, Mario","Bittner, Van A. (Van Amberg), 1885-1949","Bowles, Chester, 1901-1986","Boyle, William M.","Boyle, William M. Jr.","Buckman, Cecil G.","Burnside, Maurice Gwinn, 1902-1991","Butler, Paul M. (Paul Mulholland), 1905-1961","Byrd, Robert C.","Cairnes, Tom.","Carey, James B.","Carter, E.A.","Cornwell, John J. (John Jacob), 1867-1953","Daniels, Jonathan.","Dawson, D. Boone.","Eccles, Mariner S.","Edmiston, Andrew.","Ellis, Hubert S.","Funkhouser, Raymond J.","Green, William.","Haywood, Allan S., 1888-1953","Hedrick, Erland H.","Hillman, Sidney, 1887-1946","Holt, Homer Adams, 1898-1975","Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955","Humphrey, Hubert H. (Hubert Horatio), 1911-1978","Hutchings, Paul R.","Johnson, George W.","Kee, Maude Elizabeth, 1895-1975","Kee, John, 1874-1951","Kilgore, Harley Martin, 1893-1956","Kump, Herman Guy, 1877-1962","Landis, James M.","MacDonald, David J.","Marland, William C.","Maybank, Burnet R.","Meadows, Clarence W.","Meany, George, 1894-1980","Mollohan, Robert H.","Moore, Arch A., Jr. (Arch Alfred), 1923-2015","Neely, Matthew Mansfield, 1874-1958","Patteson, Okey L.","Preston, Rev. David.","Ramsay, Robert L.","Randolph, Jennings, 1902-1998","Revercomb, Chapman, 1895-","Rohrbaugh, E.G.","Roosevelt, Eleanor, 1884-1962","Roosevelt, Franklin D., Jr. (Franklin Delano), 1914-1988","Schiffler, A.C.","Skeen, Ben.","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["West Virginia Labor Federation AFL-CIO Records, 1908/1981, bulk 1957/1972"],"collection_ssim":["West Virginia Labor Federation AFL-CIO Records, 1908/1981, bulk 1957/1972"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 1658","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/6208"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 1658","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/6208"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"creator_ssm":["West Virginia Labor Federation, AFL-CIO","Dix, Keith","Beard, Lee"],"creator_ssim":["West Virginia Labor Federation, AFL-CIO","Dix, Keith","Beard, Lee"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Dix, Keith","Beard, Lee","Andrews, Volney.","Armstrong, Glenn.","Barron, W. W.","Biaggi, Mario","Bittner, Van A. (Van Amberg), 1885-1949","Bowles, Chester, 1901-1986","Boyle, William M.","Boyle, William M. Jr.","Buckman, Cecil G.","Burnside, Maurice Gwinn, 1902-1991","Butler, Paul M. (Paul Mulholland), 1905-1961","Byrd, Robert C.","Cairnes, Tom.","Carey, James B.","Carter, E.A.","Cornwell, John J. (John Jacob), 1867-1953","Daniels, Jonathan.","Dawson, D. Boone.","Eccles, Mariner S.","Edmiston, Andrew.","Ellis, Hubert S.","Funkhouser, Raymond J.","Green, William.","Haywood, Allan S., 1888-1953","Hedrick, Erland H.","Hillman, Sidney, 1887-1946","Holt, Homer Adams, 1898-1975","Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955","Humphrey, Hubert H. (Hubert Horatio), 1911-1978","Hutchings, Paul R.","Johnson, George W.","Kee, Maude Elizabeth, 1895-1975","Kee, John, 1874-1951","Kilgore, Harley Martin, 1893-1956","Kump, Herman Guy, 1877-1962","Landis, James M.","MacDonald, David J.","Marland, William C.","Maybank, Burnet R.","Meadows, Clarence W.","Meany, George, 1894-1980","Mollohan, Robert H.","Moore, Arch A., Jr. (Arch Alfred), 1923-2015","Neely, Matthew Mansfield, 1874-1958","Patteson, Okey L.","Preston, Rev. David.","Ramsay, Robert L.","Randolph, Jennings, 1902-1998","Revercomb, Chapman, 1895-","Rohrbaugh, E.G.","Roosevelt, Eleanor, 1884-1962","Roosevelt, Franklin D., Jr. (Franklin Delano), 1914-1988","Schiffler, A.C.","Skeen, Ben."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","West Virginia Labor Federation, AFL-CIO","AFL-CIO. Committee on Political Education","AFL-CIO","American Federation of Labor","Congress of Industrial Organizations (U.S.)","Parkersburg Central Trades \u0026 Labor Council","West Virginia Industrial Union Council, CIO","Wheeling Typographical Union, No.79"],"creators_ssim":["Dix, Keith","Beard, Lee","Andrews, Volney.","Armstrong, Glenn.","Barron, W. W.","Biaggi, Mario","Bittner, Van A. (Van Amberg), 1885-1949","Bowles, Chester, 1901-1986","Boyle, William M.","Boyle, William M. Jr.","Buckman, Cecil G.","Burnside, Maurice Gwinn, 1902-1991","Butler, Paul M. (Paul Mulholland), 1905-1961","Byrd, Robert C.","Cairnes, Tom.","Carey, James B.","Carter, E.A.","Cornwell, John J. (John Jacob), 1867-1953","Daniels, Jonathan.","Dawson, D. Boone.","Eccles, Mariner S.","Edmiston, Andrew.","Ellis, Hubert S.","Funkhouser, Raymond J.","Green, William.","Haywood, Allan S., 1888-1953","Hedrick, Erland H.","Hillman, Sidney, 1887-1946","Holt, Homer Adams, 1898-1975","Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955","Humphrey, Hubert H. (Hubert Horatio), 1911-1978","Hutchings, Paul R.","Johnson, George W.","Kee, Maude Elizabeth, 1895-1975","Kee, John, 1874-1951","Kilgore, Harley Martin, 1893-1956","Kump, Herman Guy, 1877-1962","Landis, James M.","MacDonald, David J.","Marland, William C.","Maybank, Burnet R.","Meadows, Clarence W.","Meany, George, 1894-1980","Mollohan, Robert H.","Moore, Arch A., Jr. (Arch Alfred), 1923-2015","Neely, Matthew Mansfield, 1874-1958","Patteson, Okey L.","Preston, Rev. David.","Ramsay, Robert L.","Randolph, Jennings, 1902-1998","Revercomb, Chapman, 1895-","Rohrbaugh, E.G.","Roosevelt, Eleanor, 1884-1962","Roosevelt, Franklin D., Jr. (Franklin Delano), 1914-1988","Schiffler, A.C.","Skeen, Ben.","West Virginia and Regional History Center","West Virginia Labor Federation, AFL-CIO","AFL-CIO. Committee on Political Education","AFL-CIO","American Federation of Labor","Congress of Industrial Organizations (U.S.)","Parkersburg Central Trades \u0026 Labor Council","West Virginia Industrial Union Council, CIO","Wheeling Typographical Union, No.79"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gifts of AFL-CIO - West Virginia Labor Federation, 1963/04/26 via unknown, 1973/11 via unknown, 1978/12/20 via Dix, Keith, and 1981/07/31 via Beard, Lee."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Account books","Education. SEE ALSO Schools.","Elections","Politics and government.","United States. Labor Management Relations Act, 1947","Taxation","Union names.","Unions. SEE ALSO Labor organization.","New Deal, 1933-1939","Women -- Roles in society","Women","Labor organization."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Account books","Education. SEE ALSO Schools.","Elections","Politics and government.","United States. Labor Management Relations Act, 1947","Taxation","Union names.","Unions. SEE ALSO Labor organization.","New Deal, 1933-1939","Women -- Roles in society","Women","Labor organization."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["181.2 Linear Feet 421 document cases, 5 in. each; 3 record cartons, 15 in. each; 1 flat storage box, 5 in.; 1 flat storage box, 3 in.; 3 clamshell boxes, 3 in. each; 2 unboxed ledgers, 1.09 in. each; 3 reels of microfilm, 1.75 in. each; 1 oversized folder, 0.01 in."],"extent_tesim":["181.2 Linear Feet 421 document cases, 5 in. each; 3 record cartons, 15 in. each; 1 flat storage box, 5 in.; 1 flat storage box, 3 in.; 3 clamshell boxes, 3 in. each; 2 unboxed ledgers, 1.09 in. each; 3 reels of microfilm, 1.75 in. each; 1 oversized folder, 0.01 in."],"date_range_isim":[1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBoxes 368-379 contain Social Security numbers and sensitive unemployment records. They will be restricted for 75 years after the date of record creation, but researchers may complete the Agreement for the Use of Sensitive Materials to request access to these materials prior to the expiration of the restriction. To request access, please contact the \u003ca href=\"https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center reference department\u003c/a\u003e.\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eAudiovisual recordings must be digitized for research access. Researchers must contact the West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center reference department in advance to request access.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Boxes 368-379 contain Social Security numbers and sensitive unemployment records. They will be restricted for 75 years after the date of record creation, but researchers may complete the Agreement for the Use of Sensitive Materials to request access to these materials prior to the expiration of the restriction. To request access, please contact the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department.Audiovisual recordings must be digitized for research access. Researchers must contact the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department in advance to request access."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], West Virginia Labor Federation AFL-CIO Records, A\u0026amp;M 1658, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], West Virginia Labor Federation AFL-CIO Records, A\u0026M 1658, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e160\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related A\u0026M Collections"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["160"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection includes the records of the West Virginia Labor Federation (WVLF), AFL-CIO as a singular organization, established in 1957, and the records of its predecessor organizations prior to their merger, the American Federation of Labor (AFL) and the Congress of Industrial Organization (CIO). \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries 1 comprises records related to the West Virginia State Labor Federation, AFL's internal operation and initiatives, including presidents' files, secretary-treasurers' files, general office files, Department of Education files, and financial materials. \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries 2 comprises the records related to the West Virginia State Industrial Union Council, CIO's internal operation and initiatives, including executive secretary-treasurers' files, central office mailings, and records of the Political Action Committee. \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries 3 is reflective of the organization's operations and initiatives after the AFL-CIO merger, including files of various presidents, various secretary-treasurers, central office files, convention files, political materials, legislative files, assorted programs, and financial materials. \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries 4 is a 1978 addendum to this collection that includes additional files of the WVFL, AFL-CIO after the merger, largely featuring records of initiatives like the Political Action Committee and Women's Activities Department. \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries 5 is a 1981 addendum including mostly internal materials, like the notebooks of former organization leaders, photo albums, and copies of AFL-CIO publications.\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eOrganizers featured prominently in the collection include Tom Cairnes, E. A. Carter, and Volney Andrews (series 1); Miles Stanley (series 3 and 5); Ben Skeen (series 1 and 3); Glen Armstrong (series 1, 3, and 5); and Pat Sleeth (series 3). WVLF initiatives featured prominently in the collection include the Committee on Political Education (series 3 and 4) and the Women's Activities Department (series 3 and 4), the Appalachian Council (series 3), the Manpower Development and Training Act (series 3), and others. There is a small amount of audiovisual material in this collection in the form of audio recordings created by the WVLF and some photographs that have been digitized for remote access. However, much of this collection is comprised of paper records, ledgers, photographs, printed correspondence, and notebooks.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection includes the records of the West Virginia Labor Federation (WVLF), AFL-CIO as a singular organization, established in 1957, and the records of its predecessor organizations prior to their merger, the American Federation of Labor (AFL) and the Congress of Industrial Organization (CIO). Series 1 comprises records related to the West Virginia State Labor Federation, AFL's internal operation and initiatives, including presidents' files, secretary-treasurers' files, general office files, Department of Education files, and financial materials. Series 2 comprises the records related to the West Virginia State Industrial Union Council, CIO's internal operation and initiatives, including executive secretary-treasurers' files, central office mailings, and records of the Political Action Committee. Series 3 is reflective of the organization's operations and initiatives after the AFL-CIO merger, including files of various presidents, various secretary-treasurers, central office files, convention files, political materials, legislative files, assorted programs, and financial materials. Series 4 is a 1978 addendum to this collection that includes additional files of the WVFL, AFL-CIO after the merger, largely featuring records of initiatives like the Political Action Committee and Women's Activities Department. Series 5 is a 1981 addendum including mostly internal materials, like the notebooks of former organization leaders, photo albums, and copies of AFL-CIO publications.Organizers featured prominently in the collection include Tom Cairnes, E. A. Carter, and Volney Andrews (series 1); Miles Stanley (series 3 and 5); Ben Skeen (series 1 and 3); Glen Armstrong (series 1, 3, and 5); and Pat Sleeth (series 3). WVLF initiatives featured prominently in the collection include the Committee on Political Education (series 3 and 4) and the Women's Activities Department (series 3 and 4), the Appalachian Council (series 3), the Manpower Development and Training Act (series 3), and others. There is a small amount of audiovisual material in this collection in the form of audio recordings created by the WVLF and some photographs that have been digitized for remote access. However, much of this collection is comprised of paper records, ledgers, photographs, printed correspondence, and notebooks."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e12 AFL-CIO-produced films were likely separated to A\u0026amp;M 4370, Motion Picture Collection:\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n    \"Four for the Future,\"\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n    \"Extremists,\"\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n    \"Your Next President,\"\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n    \"Good Work for Democracy,\"\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n    \"Victims of the Veto,\"\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n    \"Issues Film,\"\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n    \"Jimmy Carter Speaks,\"\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n    \"COPE: Do It,\"\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n    1 unidentified film, and\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n    3 films titles \"Film COP\"\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6 photos separated to A\u0026amp;M 4168, Panoramic Photos Collection:\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e21st Annual Convention WV State Federation of Labor, Huntington, WV\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e33rd Annual Convention WV State Federation of Labor\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e7th Constitutional Convention, United Steelworkers of America, Atlantic City, NJ, 1954/09/20-1954/09/24\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1st Constitutional Convention of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO), Islam Grotto Temple, Pittsburgh, PA, 1938/11/14-1938/11/18\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5th Constitutional Convention, United Steelworkers of America, Convention Hall, Atlantic City, NJ, 1950/05/08-1950/05/12\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6th Biennial Convention, United Steelworkers Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO), Convention Hall, Philadelphia, PA, 1952/05/13-1952/05/17\u003c/p\u003e  "],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["12 AFL-CIO-produced films were likely separated to A\u0026M 4370, Motion Picture Collection:","\"Four for the Future,\"\n    \"Extremists,\"\n    \"Your Next President,\"\n    \"Good Work for Democracy,\"\n    \"Victims of the Veto,\"\n    \"Issues Film,\"\n    \"Jimmy Carter Speaks,\"\n    \"COPE: Do It,\"\n    1 unidentified film, and\n    3 films titles \"Film COP\"","6 photos separated to A\u0026M 4168, Panoramic Photos Collection:","21st Annual Convention WV State Federation of Labor, Huntington, WV","33rd Annual Convention WV State Federation of Labor","7th Constitutional Convention, United Steelworkers of America, Atlantic City, NJ, 1954/09/20-1954/09/24","1st Constitutional Convention of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO), Islam Grotto Temple, Pittsburgh, PA, 1938/11/14-1938/11/18","5th Constitutional Convention, United Steelworkers of America, Convention Hall, Atlantic City, NJ, 1950/05/08-1950/05/12","6th Biennial Convention, United Steelworkers Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO), Convention Hall, Philadelphia, PA, 1952/05/13-1952/05/17"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_83df140efd87345ed5abec0ceeb07a01\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536 / URL: \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536 / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","West Virginia Labor Federation, AFL-CIO","AFL-CIO. Committee on Political Education","AFL-CIO","American Federation of Labor","Congress of Industrial Organizations (U.S.)","Parkersburg Central Trades \u0026 Labor Council","West Virginia Industrial Union Council, CIO","Wheeling Typographical Union, No.79"],"names_coll_ssim":["AFL-CIO. 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David.","Ramsay, Robert L.","Randolph, Jennings, 1902-1998","Revercomb, Chapman, 1895-","Rohrbaugh, E.G.","Roosevelt, Eleanor, 1884-1962","Roosevelt, Franklin D., Jr. (Franklin Delano), 1914-1988","Schiffler, A.C.","Skeen, Ben.","Dix, Keith","Beard, Lee"],"persname_ssim":["Dix, Keith","Beard, Lee","Andrews, Volney.","Armstrong, Glenn.","Barron, W. W.","Biaggi, Mario","Bittner, Van A. (Van Amberg), 1885-1949","Bowles, Chester, 1901-1986","Boyle, William M.","Boyle, William M. Jr.","Buckman, Cecil G.","Burnside, Maurice Gwinn, 1902-1991","Butler, Paul M. (Paul Mulholland), 1905-1961","Byrd, Robert C.","Cairnes, Tom.","Carey, James B.","Carter, E.A.","Cornwell, John J. (John Jacob), 1867-1953","Daniels, Jonathan.","Dawson, D. Boone.","Eccles, Mariner S.","Edmiston, Andrew.","Ellis, Hubert S.","Funkhouser, Raymond J.","Green, William.","Haywood, Allan S., 1888-1953","Hedrick, Erland H.","Hillman, Sidney, 1887-1946","Holt, Homer Adams, 1898-1975","Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955","Humphrey, Hubert H. (Hubert Horatio), 1911-1978","Hutchings, Paul R.","Johnson, George W.","Kee, Maude Elizabeth, 1895-1975","Kee, John, 1874-1951","Kilgore, Harley Martin, 1893-1956","Kump, Herman Guy, 1877-1962","Landis, James M.","MacDonald, David J.","Marland, William C.","Maybank, Burnet R.","Meadows, Clarence W.","Meany, George, 1894-1980","Mollohan, Robert H.","Moore, Arch A., Jr. (Arch Alfred), 1923-2015","Neely, Matthew Mansfield, 1874-1958","Patteson, Okey L.","Preston, Rev. David.","Ramsay, Robert L.","Randolph, Jennings, 1902-1998","Revercomb, Chapman, 1895-","Rohrbaugh, E.G.","Roosevelt, Eleanor, 1884-1962","Roosevelt, Franklin D., Jr. (Franklin Delano), 1914-1988","Schiffler, A.C.","Skeen, Ben."],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","West Virginia Labor Federation, AFL-CIO","AFL-CIO. Committee on Political Education","AFL-CIO","American Federation of Labor","Congress of Industrial Organizations (U.S.)","Parkersburg Central Trades \u0026 Labor Council","West Virginia Industrial Union Council, CIO","Wheeling Typographical Union, No.79","Dix, Keith","Beard, Lee","Andrews, Volney.","Armstrong, Glenn.","Barron, W. W.","Biaggi, Mario","Bittner, Van A. (Van Amberg), 1885-1949","Bowles, Chester, 1901-1986","Boyle, William M.","Boyle, William M. Jr.","Buckman, Cecil G.","Burnside, Maurice Gwinn, 1902-1991","Butler, Paul M. (Paul Mulholland), 1905-1961","Byrd, Robert C.","Cairnes, Tom.","Carey, James B.","Carter, E.A.","Cornwell, John J. (John Jacob), 1867-1953","Daniels, Jonathan.","Dawson, D. Boone.","Eccles, Mariner S.","Edmiston, Andrew.","Ellis, Hubert S.","Funkhouser, Raymond J.","Green, William.","Haywood, Allan S., 1888-1953","Hedrick, Erland H.","Hillman, Sidney, 1887-1946","Holt, Homer Adams, 1898-1975","Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955","Humphrey, Hubert H. (Hubert Horatio), 1911-1978","Hutchings, Paul R.","Johnson, George W.","Kee, Maude Elizabeth, 1895-1975","Kee, John, 1874-1951","Kilgore, Harley Martin, 1893-1956","Kump, Herman Guy, 1877-1962","Landis, James M.","MacDonald, David J.","Marland, William C.","Maybank, Burnet R.","Meadows, Clarence W.","Meany, George, 1894-1980","Mollohan, Robert H.","Moore, Arch A., Jr. (Arch Alfred), 1923-2015","Neely, Matthew Mansfield, 1874-1958","Patteson, Okey L.","Preston, Rev. 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Farrier.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1298_c01_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1298_c01_c01","ref_ssm":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1298_c01_c01"],"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1298_c01_c01","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1298","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1298","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1298_c01","parent_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1298_c01","parent_ssim":["Farrier Family Papers, 1894/1972","Wooden Cabinet Files, 1904/1951"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1298","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1298_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"Top drawer, A-Z","title_ssm":["Top drawer, A-Z"],"title_tesim":["Top drawer, A-Z"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Top drawer, A-Z, 1918/1951"],"text":["Top drawer, A-Z, 1918/1951","Farrier Family Papers, 1894/1972","Wooden Cabinet Files, 1904/1951","box 1","Files are from the office of Pearisburg attorneys, M. 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Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"date_range_isim":[1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFiles are from the office of Pearisburg attorneys, M. P. and A. L. 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Farrier."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#0","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:15:03.165Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1298","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1298","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1298","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1298","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1298.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Farrier Family Papers","title_ssm":["Farrier Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Farrier Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1894-1972"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1894-1972"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1894/1972"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Farrier Family Papers, 1894/1972"],"text":["Farrier Family Papers, 1894/1972","Ms.1974.011","Bland County (Va.)","Floyd County (Va.)","Giles County (Va.)","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Railroad","The collection is open for research.","The collection is in its original order from the time of its donation. Series are based on original order and descriptions.","Martin Pence Farrier (1869-1946) and his son, Andrew Lewis Farrier (1895-1972) were lawyers in Pearisburg, Giles County, Virginia. Their law firm represented some of the most important industries in Southwest Virginia, including the Norfolk and Western Railway Company, Appalachian Power Company, and several coal and lumber interests.","M. P. Farrier was a clerk for Giles County, Virginia as early as 1894. He qualified to practice law on February 1, 1904, and then formed a partnership with Judge Martin Williams (1858-1934), which lasted until January 1, 1920. Farrier represented Giles and Bland counties in the Virginia House of Delegates from 1922 through 1923. In March 1923, he became Commissioner of Accounts for Giles County. The Williams and Farrier law firm reformed from January 1, 1924 thru July 1, 1934, when Farrier was appointed Trial Justice of Giles County. During this time period, M. P. Farrier also served as Treasurer of Bland County Lumber Company and Vice-President and member of the Board of Directors of Buchanan Coal Land Corp.","A. L. Farrier served during World War I. He studied law under his father and qualified to practice in December 1938. A. L. and M. P. Farrier joined in a legal partnership on January 1, 1939. The partnership lasted until M. P. Farrier's death in 1946, and A. L. continued to practice law until his death in 1972.","Both men are buried in Birchlawn Burial Park in Pearisburg, Virginia.","The guide to the Farrier Family Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/).","The collection is in its original order from the time of donation. Several set of files were rehoused in new boxes in 2011. The finding aid is from existing inventories and research done at the time of donation in 1974. Some descriptive information was added in 2013 and 2014. In 2017-2018, efforts were made to clean up the inventory, which had previously identified the materials as \"Box #\" with a date. Boxes were given titles based on the general contents included and the existing dates. In 2021, additional description was completed, including expanded Biographical Note, added Separated Materials note, updated and new inventory scope notes and box titles, and series imposed based upon 1974 descriptions.","The collection includes files from the firm of Williams and Farrier, later Farrier and Farrier. Materials include copies of deeds, title searches, land transactions, estate matters, loan contracts, divorce suits, small claims collection suits, ledgers, and correspondence. Additional details of some files are included in the original inventories, available on request.","The following publications (and additional titles) have been separated from the collection, and some are cataloged in the University Libraries:","South Eastern Reporter\nAmerican and English Encyclopaedia of Law\nCyclopaedia of Law Procedures\nAmerican Jurisprudence and American Jurisprudence - Legal Forms\nVirginia Reports and Virginia Reports Annotated\nRuling Case Law\nPomeroy's Equity Jurisprudence\nGregory's Forms\nOpinions of the Attorney General\nAmerican Law Report\nSouth Eastern Digest\nActs of Assembly\nVirginia State Bar Association\nVirginia and West Virginia Digest","Permission to publish material from Farrier Family Papers must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech. Since this collection includes legal files, the ability to publish materials may be limited or restricted. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","Please note: This collection is in off-site storage and requires 2-3 days notice for retrieval. 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Since this collection includes legal files, the ability to publish materials may be limited or restricted. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Farrier Family Papers were donated to the University Libraries in 1974."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Railroad"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Railroad"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["77 Cubic Feet 55 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["77 Cubic Feet 55 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is in its original order from the time of its donation. Series are based on original order and descriptions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is in its original order from the time of its donation. Series are based on original order and descriptions."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMartin Pence Farrier (1869-1946) and his son, Andrew Lewis Farrier (1895-1972) were lawyers in Pearisburg, Giles County, Virginia. Their law firm represented some of the most important industries in Southwest Virginia, including the Norfolk and Western Railway Company, Appalachian Power Company, and several coal and lumber interests. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eM. P. Farrier was a clerk for Giles County, Virginia as early as 1894. He qualified to practice law on February 1, 1904, and then formed a partnership with Judge Martin Williams (1858-1934), which lasted until January 1, 1920. Farrier represented Giles and Bland counties in the Virginia House of Delegates from 1922 through 1923. In March 1923, he became Commissioner of Accounts for Giles County. The Williams and Farrier law firm reformed from January 1, 1924 thru July 1, 1934, when Farrier was appointed Trial Justice of Giles County. During this time period, M. P. Farrier also served as Treasurer of Bland County Lumber Company and Vice-President and member of the Board of Directors of Buchanan Coal Land Corp. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA. L. Farrier served during World War I. He studied law under his father and qualified to practice in December 1938. A. L. and M. P. Farrier joined in a legal partnership on January 1, 1939. The partnership lasted until M. P. Farrier's death in 1946, and A. L. continued to practice law until his death in 1972.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBoth men are buried in Birchlawn Burial Park in Pearisburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Martin Pence Farrier (1869-1946) and his son, Andrew Lewis Farrier (1895-1972) were lawyers in Pearisburg, Giles County, Virginia. Their law firm represented some of the most important industries in Southwest Virginia, including the Norfolk and Western Railway Company, Appalachian Power Company, and several coal and lumber interests.","M. P. Farrier was a clerk for Giles County, Virginia as early as 1894. He qualified to practice law on February 1, 1904, and then formed a partnership with Judge Martin Williams (1858-1934), which lasted until January 1, 1920. Farrier represented Giles and Bland counties in the Virginia House of Delegates from 1922 through 1923. In March 1923, he became Commissioner of Accounts for Giles County. The Williams and Farrier law firm reformed from January 1, 1924 thru July 1, 1934, when Farrier was appointed Trial Justice of Giles County. During this time period, M. P. Farrier also served as Treasurer of Bland County Lumber Company and Vice-President and member of the Board of Directors of Buchanan Coal Land Corp.","A. L. Farrier served during World War I. He studied law under his father and qualified to practice in December 1938. A. L. and M. P. Farrier joined in a legal partnership on January 1, 1939. The partnership lasted until M. P. Farrier's death in 1946, and A. L. continued to practice law until his death in 1972.","Both men are buried in Birchlawn Burial Park in Pearisburg, Virginia."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Farrier Family Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Farrier Family Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Farrier Family Papers, Ms1974-011, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Farrier Family Papers, Ms1974-011, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is in its original order from the time of donation. Several set of files were rehoused in new boxes in 2011. The finding aid is from existing inventories and research done at the time of donation in 1974. Some descriptive information was added in 2013 and 2014. In 2017-2018, efforts were made to clean up the inventory, which had previously identified the materials as \"Box #\" with a date. Boxes were given titles based on the general contents included and the existing dates. In 2021, additional description was completed, including expanded Biographical Note, added Separated Materials note, updated and new inventory scope notes and box titles, and series imposed based upon 1974 descriptions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The collection is in its original order from the time of donation. Several set of files were rehoused in new boxes in 2011. The finding aid is from existing inventories and research done at the time of donation in 1974. Some descriptive information was added in 2013 and 2014. In 2017-2018, efforts were made to clean up the inventory, which had previously identified the materials as \"Box #\" with a date. Boxes were given titles based on the general contents included and the existing dates. In 2021, additional description was completed, including expanded Biographical Note, added Separated Materials note, updated and new inventory scope notes and box titles, and series imposed based upon 1974 descriptions."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes files from the firm of Williams and Farrier, later Farrier and Farrier. Materials include copies of deeds, title searches, land transactions, estate matters, loan contracts, divorce suits, small claims collection suits, ledgers, and correspondence. Additional details of some files are included in the original inventories, available on request.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection includes files from the firm of Williams and Farrier, later Farrier and Farrier. Materials include copies of deeds, title searches, land transactions, estate matters, loan contracts, divorce suits, small claims collection suits, ledgers, and correspondence. Additional details of some files are included in the original inventories, available on request."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe following publications (and additional titles) have been separated from the collection, and some are cataloged in the University Libraries:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003clist\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eSouth Eastern Reporter\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eAmerican and English Encyclopaedia of Law\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eCyclopaedia of Law Procedures\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eAmerican Jurisprudence\u003c/title\u003e and \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eAmerican Jurisprudence - Legal Forms\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eVirginia Reports\u003c/title\u003e and \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eVirginia Reports Annotated\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRuling Case Law\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003ePomeroy's Equity Jurisprudence\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eGregory's Forms\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eOpinions of the Attorney General\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eAmerican Law Report\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eSouth Eastern Digest\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eActs of Assembly\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eVirginia State Bar Association\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eVirginia and West Virginia Digest\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["The following publications (and additional titles) have been separated from the collection, and some are cataloged in the University Libraries:","South Eastern Reporter\nAmerican and English Encyclopaedia of Law\nCyclopaedia of Law Procedures\nAmerican Jurisprudence and American Jurisprudence - Legal Forms\nVirginia Reports and Virginia Reports Annotated\nRuling Case Law\nPomeroy's Equity Jurisprudence\nGregory's Forms\nOpinions of the Attorney General\nAmerican Law Report\nSouth Eastern Digest\nActs of Assembly\nVirginia State Bar Association\nVirginia and West Virginia Digest"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish material from Farrier Family Papers must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech. Since this collection includes legal files, the ability to publish materials may be limited or restricted. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (\u003ca href=\"mailto:specref@vt.edu\"\u003especref@vt.edu\u003c/a\u003e or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish material from Farrier Family Papers must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech. Since this collection includes legal files, the ability to publish materials may be limited or restricted. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_518a50713ff17a8f2c2e4389292c7dc2\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003ePlease note:\u003c/emph\u003e This collection is in off-site storage and requires 2-3 days notice for retrieval. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives for more information.\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Please note: This collection is in off-site storage and requires 2-3 days notice for retrieval. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives for more information."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Appalachian Power Company","Norfolk and Western Railway Company (1896-1982)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Appalachian Power Company","Norfolk and Western Railway Company (1896-1982)","Farrier family","Farrier, Andrew L., 1895-1972","Farrier, Martin P., 1869-1946"],"famname_ssim":["Farrier family"],"persname_ssim":["Farrier, Andrew L., 1895-1972","Farrier, Martin P., 1869-1946"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Appalachian Power Company","Norfolk and Western Railway Company (1896-1982)","Farrier family","Farrier, Andrew L., 1895-1972","Farrier, Martin P., 1869-1946"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1945,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:15:03.165Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1298_c01_c01"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_595_c03_c05","type":"Box","attributes":{"title":"Topical files, 1861/2009","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_595_c03_c05#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_595_c03_c05","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_3_resources_595_c03_c05"],"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_595_c03_c05","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_595","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_595","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_595_c03","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_595_c03","parent_ssim":["Armstead L. Robinson papers, 1848/2001, bulk 1967/1992","Topical Files, 1950/2009"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_3_resources_595","viu_repositories_3_resources_595_c03"],"title_filing_ssi":"Topical files","title_ssm":["Topical files"],"title_tesim":["Topical files"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Topical files, 1861/2009"],"text":["Topical files, 1861/2009","Armstead L. Robinson papers, 1848/2001, bulk 1967/1992","Topical Files, 1950/2009","box 10","English"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Armstead L. Robinson papers, 1848/2001, bulk 1967/1992","Topical Files, 1950/2009"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Armstead L. Robinson papers, 1848/2001, bulk 1967/1992","Topical Files, 1950/2009"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1861/2009"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1861-2009"],"level_ssm":["Box"],"level_ssim":["Box"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":17,"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Armstead L. Robinson papers, 1848/2001, bulk 1967/1992"],"extent_ssm":["1 Cubic Feet 1 c.f. box."],"extent_tesim":["1 Cubic Feet 1 c.f. box."],"containers_ssim":["box 10"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research use."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Several folders of \"Research Materials: Civil War\" in Boxes 12-14 include photocopies of materials from various research and academic institutions; researchers should note that most do not permit the reproduction of their materials held by other institutions without their express written permission."],"language_ssim":["English"],"date_range_isim":[1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#4","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:41:18.571Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_595","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_595","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_595","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_595","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_595.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/516","title_filing_ssi":"Robinson, Armstead L., papers","title_ssm":["Armstead L. Robinson papers"],"title_tesim":["Armstead L. Robinson papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1848-2001","1967-1992"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1848-2001"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1967-1992"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1848/2001, bulk 1967/1992"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Armstead L. Robinson papers, 1848/2001, bulk 1967/1992"],"text":["Armstead L. Robinson papers, 1848/2001, bulk 1967/1992","MSS 12836","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/595","Slave trade-United States-History","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- African Americans","Slavery--United States--History--19th Century","African Americans -- Study and teaching","African Americans -- History -- 1863-1877","Audiocassettes.","letters (correspondence)","The collection is open for research use.","Original order has been preserved as much as possible; several original boxes (Boxes 15-19 [note cards] and 26-28 [1880 census schedules]) was retained because of the size of their particular contents. Items with no ostensible order have been organized with similar materials. Folders, with some exceptions, are arranged alphabetically within each series and their contents chronologically. Throughout the collection Robinson is occasionally addressed as \"ALR,\" \"Armstead Robinson,\" \"Armstead L. Robinson,\" \"Prof. Robinson,\" \"Robbie\" or \"Robby.\" Some folders abbreviate Robinson's name as \"ALR,\" particularly in Series 5; his Bitter Fruits of Bondage folders are occasionally abbreviated as \"BFOB. The collection is arranged in six series:","Series 1: Correspondence, 1967-1995 (0.5 c.f., Box 1).  This series consists of the bulk of Robinson's general correspondence, 1967-1995, but researchers should note that other correspondence is available throughout Series 2, 3, 4 and 5. Letters of interest include a letter of Whitney Moore Young Jr. of the National Urban League, promising assistance to Robinson, August 18, 1969. Much of Robinson's 1971 correspondence, while an assistant professor of Black Studies at State University of New York at Stony Brook, consists of his research inquiries relating to Black life in Memphis, Tennessee; there are also references to an accident he suffered, December 7 and 15, 1971.  There are several interesting letters during the 1980s (however, researchers should note the absence of 1982, 1988 and 1989 letters in the general \"Correspondence\" folders), especially Robinson's letter of  resignation from the University of California at Los Angeles, May 13, 1980; many of his May 1980 letters pertain to his University of Virginia faculty appointment. Also of interest: a March 26, 1981 letter from Robinson to John Wilkinson, Alumni Affairs Development, Yale University, seeking financial assistance for the daughter of  University of Virginia faculty colleague Vivian V. Gordon; November 23, 1981, to the Rector of the Board of Visitors, Virginia Commonwealth University, expressing opposition to the proposed consolidation of its library system with the school's Visual Education Services; December 9, 1981, to the editor of The Harvard Magazine, describing Robinson's role in the establishment of a Black Studies program at Yale University; March 1984 correspondence with Molefi Kete Asante (founder of Afrocentricity and a Black Studies proponent) accusing Robinson of falsely claiming to have been founding director of the Center for Afro-American Studies at the University of California at Los Angeles.","Series 2: Academic Career, 1964-1969 (4.5 c.f., Boxes 1-5).  This series is concerned with Robinson's academic career and is divided into four subseries; there is some chronological and historical overlap among the folders.\nSubseries A: Yale University (Boxes 1-3) chiefly concerns Robinson's work with the Black Student Alliance at Yale (BSAY), its 1968 symposium \"Black Studies in the University,\" and seven audiotape reel recordings of the symposium's proceedings later transcribed, published and edited by Robinson and others as Black Studies in the University: A Symposium (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1969). Symposium participants included McGeorge Bundy; Lawrence Chisolm; Harold Cruse; Robert Dahl; Nathan Hare; Ron \"Maulana\" Karenga; Martin Kilson, Jr.; Sidney W. Mintz; Boniface I. Obichere; Donald Ogilvie; Alvin Poussaint; Edwin S. Redkey; Charles Henry Taylor, Jr.; Farris Thompson, and Gerald A. McWorter.\nSubseries B: State University of New York (Box 4) is concerned with Robinson's faculty career and early interest in Black Studies. \nSubseries C: University of California at Los Angeles and the University of Rochester, New York (Box 4)includes Robinson's UCLA class lecture notes and papers while a Rochester doctoral student. \nSubseries D: University of Virginia (Boxes 4-5)represents the longest and final phase of Robinson's academic career. Included are lecture notes, syllabi, course evaluations, and various topical and subject files including folders for colleagues Matthew W. Holden Jr., Nathan A. Scott, Jr., and Jeanne Maddox Toungara; the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African Studies (researchers should note that the majority of the Woodson Institute's papers, including those during Robinson's tenure, are retained there and may not yet be available for public research); the Corcoran Department of History (with correspondence and memoranda of Edward L. Ayers and Edwin E. Floyd concerning Robinson's appointment and tenure); the Venable Lane Burial Site Task Force/Catherine \"Kitty\" Foster Homesite (a university committee Robinson co-chaired); the Office of Afro-American Affairs (1986 letters to University of Virginia president Robert O'Neil in defense of OAAA dean Paul L. Puryear and critical of the handling of his resignation as dean and the controversy surrounding it), and, the transcribed remarks of  F. (Frederick) Palmer Weber (labor and civil rights activist.","Series 3: Subject and Topical Files (Boxes 5-11) consists of alphabetized subject and topical folders of select individuals followed by those of organizations and groups.  Among the prominent correspondents (Boxes 5-7): Herbert Aptheker, Ira Berlin, LaWanda F. Cox, Stanley L. Engerman, Michael W. Fitzgerald, John Hope Franklin, Eugene D. Genovese, Herbert Gutman, Stephen Hahn, Vincent Harding, Darlene Clark Hine, C. Stuart McGehee, Pauline Maier, August Meier, Nell Irvin Painter, Lewis Perry, Edwin S. Redkey, William Scarborough, Robert Brent Toplin, Edmund S. Wehrle, and C. Vann Woodward. Folders of some of  Robinson's former students are also present.","Series 4: Research Materials (Boxes 11-32)is the collection's largest series and contains research materials, 1850-1995, on the American Civil War, African-American history, Robinson's dissertation and Bitter Fruits of Bondage book, and census projects. (His extensive census research is filed at the end of this series). The majority of nineteenth century material are photocopies. Folders are arranged alphabetically, and several contain materials cited in Bitter Fruits of Bondage. Folders of interest include: \"First Africans in Virginia (Jamestown)\" (Box 11); \"Memphis Social History Project/Memphis Leadership Project\" (Robinson's letter of June 17, 1977 describes this project as having been conceived by him in 1966, while a junior at Yale, as a history of the Black community in Memphis) (Box 12); \"Research Material: Reconstruction: Black Political Leaders in Memphis, Tennessee (city directory and census data)\" (Box 14).Census materials comprise the latter part of Series IV, and at twelve boxes are the largest groups of materials in the series and the collection (Boxes 20-32).","Series 5: Writings and Publications (Boxes 32-42)the collection's second largest series, contains Robinson's writings, publications and manuscripts of his Yale honors' thesis, University of Rochester dissertation \"Day of Jubilo\" [formerly \"Cotton, Contrabands, and Mr. Lincoln's War\"], Bitter Fruits of Bondage (Boxes 32-38), articles, book reviews, public and conference lectures. These folders are arranged alphabetically by title and chronologically within title headings. Some of Robinson's manuscripts were critiqued on his behalf by colleagues and fellow historians such as Ira Berlin, Edward L. Ayers, Michael F. Holt, Michael Johnson, Julie S. Jones, Theresa M. Towner, and Bell Irvin Wiley.","Series 6: Oversize (Oversize Box U-10) is the last for the collection. Items are arranged chronologically and include: a photostatic copy of a 1863 letter from James Seddon, Confederate secretary of war, to Jefferson Davis; two pencil and ink sketches of Carter G. Woodson; a 1994 certificate declaring Robinson an honorary citizen of Natchez, Mississippi; an incomplete numbered set of \"Images of Afro-Americans of the Emancipation Era\" (Hodges Publications); University of North Carolina Department of Geography census templates and demographic maps; photostatic copies of Civil War maps from National Archives (Washington, D.C.) record group numbers 77 and 94, and speaking engagement posters.","Armstead Louis Robinson was born on April 30, 1947 in New Orleans, Louisiana, the son of Reverend Dr. DeWitt Robinson (a Lutheran clergyman) and Ruth Dickinson Robinson. He attended segregated New Orleans public schools (Trinity Lutheran Elementary and Rivers Frederick Junior High), and Hamilton High School in Memphis, Tennessee, from which he graduated with honors in 1964.","Robinson enrolled at Yale University in 1964 as one of eighteen African-American men (out of 1,061 men admitted that year) and received a bachelor's degree in History and graduated with honors and distinction in 1969 for his Scholar of the House thesis, \"In the Aftermath of Slavery: Blacks and Reconstruction in Memphis and Shelby County, Tennessee, 1865-1870.\" As a Yale student Robinson helped create an undergraduate Black Studies program culminating in a 1968 symposium, \"Black Studies in the University,\" and co-edited the conference anthology, Black Studies in the University; A Symposium (Yale University Press, 1969), one of the first books on Black Studies. This experience led to his lifelong interest in promoting Black Studies. While at Yale, Robinson began his teaching career with a lecture series on Black History for the New Haven, Connecticut public school system as well as elementary school day sessions and junior high school evening sessions during 1966-1968.","Robinson was a member of the dean's list (1967-1969), captain of Yale's ROTC Rifle Team (1966-1968), recipient of the 1968 Von Snidren Prize for book collecting, and a member of the Black Student Alliance at Yale (BSAY). As an alumnus he served on the Yale Development Board (1983-1988), the Association of Yale Alumni Board of Governors (1981-1986), and the Yale University Council (1977-1995), of which he served as president during 1981-1986. In 1987 he was the recipient of the Yale Medal for Distinguished Service, his alma mater's highest alumni honor.","Robinson briefly attended Yale Divinity School (1968-1970) before withdrawing to become a visiting professor at Southern Illinois University, in Carbondale, Illinois (1970), an assistant professor of Africana Studies at the State University of New York, SUNY-Stony Brook, and assistant professor of Africana and Afro-American Studies, SUNY Brockport (1970-1973). Later, Robinson was a visiting scholar or professor of history at the National Humanities Center (Research Triangle Park, North Carolina), Southwestern at Memphis [now Rhodes College], and Smith College, Massachusetts (Box 10), and the University of Richmond (Box 11).","It is unknown exactly when and why Robinson decided to become a Civil War historian. While an assistant history professor at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), 1973-1980), he began work on his dissertation at the University of Rochester, New York, where he was mentored by two of America's leading historians, Stanley L. Engerman and Eugene D. Genovese. Genovese was among the scholars who early recognized Robinson's talents as a historian. In his seminal study Roll, Jordan, Roll: The World The Slaves Made (1974), Genovese cited Robinson's thesis (pp. 700n26 and 725n4) as \"'In the Aftermath of Slavery: Blacks and Reconstruction in Memphis, Tennessee, 1865-1870,' unpubl. undergraduate thesis, Yale University, 1969\" (Boxes 5, 6, 15-16, 40-41).","Robinson received a Doctorate of Philosophy with Honors from the University of Rochester in 1977 for his dissertation \"Day of Jubilo: Civil War and the Demise of Slavery in the Mississippi Valley, 1861-1865.\" In 1980 he joined the University of Virginia faculty as an associate professor in the Corcoran Department of History and was also appointed the first director of the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African Studies; as director he was the general editor of the Carter G. Woodson Series in Black Studies published by the University Press of Virginia and retained these positions until his death. In a June 25, 1980 letter to James T. McIntosh, editor of the Papers of Jefferson Davis, Robinson noted the racial and cultural significance of his Virginia appointment: \"I am happier than I can possibly express to be able to return home to the south, particularly at UVA where I am scheduled to teach . . .  I am indeed excited about the day when a southern black can teach southern and Civil War/Reconstruction history at a major southern university\" (folder \"Papers of Jefferson Davis,\" Box 12).","He served on numerous university committees during his career. At the University of California, Los Angeles, he was a member of: the Faculty Senate (1975-1979); the American Field Written Comprehensive Examination Committee (1976-1979; chairman, 1977-1979), and, the Fellowships Committee, Center for Afro-American Studies (1975-1980; chairman, 1977-1980). While at the University of Virginia he was a member of the Faculty Steering Committee for Major in Afro-American and African Studies (1980-1995); the Faculty Senate (1981-1984; 1987-1990); the Afro-American Faculty-Staff Forum (1982-1984); the Presidential Advisory Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity and Affirmative Action (1992-1995), and co-chairman, Venable Lane Burial Site Task Force/Catherine \"Kitty\" Foster Homesite (1993-1995). Other notable committee service consisted of the Planning Committee, Booker T. Washington Commemoration, Booker T. Washington National Monument (1983-1984); the Jefferson Davis Book Award Committee (1989-1991; chairman, 1991); the Abraham Lincoln Prize National Advisory Committee (1990-1995); the Afro-American Studies Advisory Committee, Princeton University (1991-1995), and the James Monroe Papers Advisory Board at Ash Lawn-Highland (1992-1997).","Robinson received numerous awards and scholarly recognitions including the Ford Foundation Fund for Distinguished Black Scholars (1971); the UCLA Faculty Career Development Award (1979-1980); the Carter G. Woodson Award, Journal of Negro History (1981); Fellow at the National Humanities and National Research Council (1984-1985); Jefferson Davis Memorial Lecturer, Museum of the Confederacy, Richmond, Virginia (1990); William Allan Neilson Research Professor, Smith College (1991-1992); Louis P. Gottschalk Memorial Lecturer, University of Louisville (1994), and the Jessie Ball DuPont Visiting Professor, University of Richmond (1994-1995). The Virginia State Library Board of Trustees issued a 1990 resolution of thanks for his service during 1984-1989 while a member of its board of trustees, and Robinson was declared an honorary citizen of Natchez, Mississippi in 1994. He was a member of several scholarly organizations including the American Historical Association, the American Studies Association, the Association for the Study of Afro-American Life and History, the Organization of American Historians, and the Southern Historical Association.","Robinson published extensively. He co-edited Black Studies in the University: A Symposium (1969) [Boxes 1-2]; The African Religious Tradition: Historiography (Associated Publishers, 1987), and New Directions in Civil Rights Studies (University Press of Virginia, 1991). His posthumous magnum opus, Bitter Fruits of Bondage: The Demise of Slavery and the Collapse of the Confederacy, 1861-1865 (University of Virginia Press, 2005), was nationally acclaimed (Boxes 32-38). The author of several articles, essays and book reviews, Robinson's most significant articles include: \"In the Shadow of Old John Brown: Insurrection Anxiety and Confederate Mobilization, 1861-1863,\" Journal of Negro History (Fall 1980) [Box 41]; \"Beyond the Realm of Social Consensus: New Meanings of Reconstruction for American History,\" The Journal of American History (September 1981) [Box 32], and, \"Reassessing the First Reconstruction: Lost Opportunity or Tragic Era,\" Reviews in American History, (March 1978) [Box 42]. He also wrote the foreword to Calder Loth's Virginia Landmarks of Black History: Sites on the Virginia Landmarks Register and the National Register of Historic Places (University Press of Virginia, 1995) [Box 42].","Robinson married Mildred (Wigfall) Ravenell, a University of Virginia law professor, at the university's Colonnade Club in 1987. He died of complications from a brain aneurysm at the University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville, on August 28, 1995, at the age of forty-eight. He was survived by his wife Mildred and their daughter Allison; his mother Ruth Robinson; his sisters DeWittress Taylor and Miriam Elmore and a brother, Llewlyn Robinson; two stepchildren, and a host of nieces, nephews and relatives. After a funeral on September 5, 1995, Robinson was interred at Cross of Cavalry Lutheran Church Cemetery in Memphis, Tennessee. A two-hour memorial \"Service of Thanksgiving,\" attended by nearly 500 colleagues, family and friends, was held on September 29, 1995 at the University of Virginia's Old Cabell Hall auditorium. The Armstead L. Robinson Fellowship Fund was established at the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African Studies in his memory.","The Armstead L. Robinson papers(1848-2001; 43 cubic feet) consist of audiotapes; book reviews; census material; computer printouts; conference papers; correspondence; biographical information; instructional material; lectures and speeches; manuscripts and original writings by Robinson, his colleagues and students; maps; memorabilia; microfilm; organizational and professional files; photographs; printed items, and research and topical files. Most of the nineteenth century material is in the form of photocopies.","The scope of this collection is national. Professor Robinson's papers are reflective of the life and career of a nationally active professional historian and educator. Topics of interest include: African-American history; African-American life in Memphis and Shelby County, Tennessee, 1840s-1880s; life as an African-American student at Yale University during the 1960s; the development of Black Studies during the 1960s; life as an African-American faculty member at the State University of New York (SUNY), the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), and the University of Virginia during the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s; slavery in the Confederacy; the nineteenth century American South, especially during the Civil War and Reconstruction; and the modern Civil Rights Movement. Several organizations of interest to Robinson include but are not limited to: Antioch College; Association for the Study of Negro Life and History (Association for the Study of Afro-American Life and History); the Black Student Alliance at Yale (BSAY); the Booker T. Washington National Monument; Corporate/Community Schools of America; the Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial Center and Institute of the Black World; National Humanities Center (Research Triangle Park, North Carolina); Papers of Jefferson Davis; the University of California, Berkeley; the University of California at Los Angeles; the University of Rochester; the University of Virginia; the Virginia State Library Board, and Yale University.","Robinson corresponded with numerous fellow scholars, historians and prominent persons: Herbert Aptheker (1915-2003), historian; Molefi Kete Asante (b. 1942), founder of Afrocentricity and proponent of Black Studies; Ira Berlin (b. 1941), American historian; John B. Boles (b. 1943), historian and managing editor, Journal of Southern History; F. N. Boney, historian; Arna Wendell Bontemps (1902-1973), educator, librarian and Harlem Renaissance novelist; McGeorge Bundy (1919–1996), United States National Security Advisor and head of the Ford Foundation; Austin C. Clarke (b. 1934), Afro-Canadian novelist; John F. Cooke (president, The Disney Channel/Walt Disney Company); Emâilia Viotti da Costa, historian of Brazil; LaWanda F. Cox (1909-2005), historian; Lynda Lasswell Crist (Papers of Jefferson Davis); Merle Curti (1897-1997), American social and intellectual historian; Mary Seaton Dix (Papers of Jefferson Davis); Stanley L. Engerman (b. 1936), economic historian; Karen E. Fields, director, Frederick Douglass Institute for African and African-Americans Studies, University of Rochester; Michael W. Fitzgerald (b. 1956), historian; Harold E. Ford [Harold Eugene Ford, Sr., b.1945], U. S. congressman from Tennessee; Elizabeth Fox-Genovese (1941-2007), historian; John Hope Franklin (1915-2009), American historian; George M. Fredrickson (b. 1934), historian; Eugene D. Genovese (1930-2012), historian; Henry Louis \"Skip\" Gates Jr. (b. 1950); A. Bartlett Giamatti (1938-1989), Yale president (and later commissioner of Major League Baseball); Herbert Gutman (1928-1985), historian; Stephen Hahn (b. 1950), Faulkner scholar; Vincent Harding (b. 1931), historian; Nathan Hare (b. 1933), sociologist, psychotherapist, and a founder of the Black Studies movement; Darlene Clark Hine (b. 1947), historian; Alton Hornsby (Journal of Negro History); C. Stuart McGehee, historian; Ron \"Maulana\" Karenga (b. 1941), a leader of the Black Studies movement and founder of Kwanzaa, a cultural celebration of African-American culture and community; Lauranett Lee (later curator of African American History, Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, Virginia); James T. McIntosh (Papers of Jefferson Davis); Pauline Maier (b. 1938), professor of American History, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; August Meier (1923-2003), historian; Nell Irvin Painter (b. 1942), historian; Lewis C. Perry (b. 1938), historian and editor of The Journal of American History; Edwin S. Redkey (b. 1931), American historian; Joseph Reidy (b. 1948); Dan Roberts, University of Richmond; Leslie S. Rowland, historian; William Scarborough, historian, University of Southern Mississippi; Daryl M. Scott (later a Howard University professor of history and vice president for programs, and member of the Association for the Study of African American Life and History's executive council); Robert Brent Toplin (b. 1940), American historian; Edmund S. Wehrle, University of Connecticut; C. Vann Woodward (1908-1999), American historian; Karen L. Wysocki,  and, Whitney Moore Young Jr. (1921-1971), executive director of the National Urban League, Inc., and American civil rights leader.","As to be expected, there is correspondence with several University of Virginia colleagues: Edward L. Ayers (b. 1953), Corcoran Department of History; William A. Elwood (1932-2002), professor of English and associate dean of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences; Edwin E. Floyd, dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences; Matthew Holden, Jr. (b. 1931), Henry L. and Grace M. Doherty Professor, Woodrow Wilson Department of Government and Foreign Affairs; Michael F. Holt, Corcoran Department of History; Ervin L. Jordan Jr. (b. 1954), Special Collections Department, Alderman Library; Robert O'Neil, president of the University of Virginia; Nathan Alexander Scott, Jr. (1925-2006), Commonwealth Professor of Religious Studies; Jeanne Maddox Toungara, Corcoran Department of History, and, Theresa M. Towner, Department of English.","Prominent persons mentioned in the collection include: Howard K. Beale (1897-1959), a University of North Carolina historian; Reginald Butler, Corcoran Department of History, and Robinson's successor as director of the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African studies; Lawrence Chisolm, historian, State University of New York at Buffalo; Robert R. Church [Robert Reed Church, Sr.] (1839-1912), business leader and the South's first African-American millionaire; Eldridge Cleaver (1935-1998), a founder of the Black Panther Party; Harold Cruse (1916-2005), historian and proponent of Black Studies; Philip D. Curtin (b. 1922), historian; Robert Dahl (b. 1915), Yale political scientist; St. Clair Drake (1911-1990), sociologist, anthropologist and educator; Alex Dupuy, historian of Haiti; Drew Gilpin Faust (b. 1947), American historian; Robert W. Fogel (b. 1926), American historian; Vivian V. Gordon (1934-1995), sociologist; Martin Kilson, Jr., political scientist, Harvard University; James Armistead Lafayette (1760-1832), African-American slave and spy; Alan Lomax (1915-2002), folklorist and musicologist; Gerald A. McWorter, political scientist, Spelman College, and a founder of the Black Studies movement; Sidney W. Mintz (b. 1922), anthropologist; Boniface I. Obichere (1933-1997), historian; Donald Ogilvie (Yale student); Dorothy B. Porter [Dorothy Porter Wesley]; Alvin Poussaint (b. 1934), psychiatrist; Paul L. Puryear (1930-2010), dean of the Office of Afro-American Affairs, University of Virginia; John T. Schlotterbeck (b. 1948), historian; Henry Taylor, Jr. (b. 1928), educator and psychoanalyst; William Shockley (1910-1989), American physicist and eugenicist; F. (Frederick) Palmer Weber (1914-1986), labor and civil rights activist; Charles Harris Wesley (1891-1987), an African-American historian; Bell Irwin Wiley (1906-1980), American Civil War historian; Carter G. Woodson (1875-1950), \"the Father of Negro History,\" and George Carlton Wright, vice provost of the University of Texas at Austin.","The collection has been organized into six series: Corespondence, Academic Career, Topical Files, Research Materials, Writings and Publications, and Oversize materails.","Several folders of \"Research Materials: Civil War\" in Boxes 12-14 include photocopies of materials from various research and academic institutions; researchers should note that most do not permit the reproduction of their materials held by other institutions without their express written permission.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Robinson, Armstead L., 1947-1995","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Armstead L. Robinson papers, 1848/2001, bulk 1967/1992"],"collection_ssim":["Armstead L. Robinson papers, 1848/2001, bulk 1967/1992"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["File","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 12836","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/595"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 12836","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/595"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Slave trade-United States-History","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- African Americans"],"geogname_ssim":["Slave trade-United States-History","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- African Americans"],"places_ssim":["Slave trade-United States-History","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- African Americans"],"creator_ssm":["Robinson, Armstead L., 1947-1995"],"creator_ssim":["Robinson, Armstead L., 1947-1995"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Robinson, Armstead L., 1947-1995"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creators_ssim":["Robinson, Armstead L., 1947-1995","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"access_terms_ssm":["Several folders of \"Research Materials: Civil War\" in Boxes 12-14 include photocopies of materials from various research and academic institutions; researchers should note that most do not permit the reproduction of their materials held by other institutions without their express written permission."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Prof. Mildred W. Robinson, 12 June 2003;  \nTransfer by University of Virginia Press acquisitions editor Richard K. Holway, 9 August 2005; Tranfer by Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African Studies, 2 October 2008."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Slavery--United States--History--19th Century","African Americans -- Study and teaching","African Americans -- History -- 1863-1877","Audiocassettes.","letters (correspondence)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Slavery--United States--History--19th Century","African Americans -- Study and teaching","African Americans -- History -- 1863-1877","Audiocassettes.","letters (correspondence)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["38 Cubic Feet 34 cubic boxes, 5 card file boxes, 3 clamshell boxes, and 1 oversize box"],"extent_tesim":["38 Cubic Feet 34 cubic boxes, 5 card file boxes, 3 clamshell boxes, and 1 oversize box"],"genreform_ssim":["Audiocassettes.","letters (correspondence)"],"date_range_isim":[1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOriginal order has been preserved as much as possible; several original boxes (Boxes 15-19 [note cards] and 26-28 [1880 census schedules]) was retained because of the size of their particular contents. Items with no ostensible order have been organized with similar materials. Folders, with some exceptions, are arranged alphabetically within each series and their contents chronologically. Throughout the collection Robinson is occasionally addressed as \"ALR,\" \"Armstead Robinson,\" \"Armstead L. Robinson,\" \"Prof. Robinson,\" \"Robbie\" or \"Robby.\" Some folders abbreviate Robinson's name as \"ALR,\" particularly in Series 5; his Bitter Fruits of Bondage folders are occasionally abbreviated as \"BFOB. The collection is arranged in six series:\u003c/p\u003e \n    \n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Correspondence, 1967-1995 (0.5 c.f., Box 1).  This series consists of the bulk of Robinson's general correspondence, 1967-1995, but researchers should note that other correspondence is available throughout Series 2, 3, 4 and 5. Letters of interest include a letter of Whitney Moore Young Jr. of the National Urban League, promising assistance to Robinson, August 18, 1969. Much of Robinson's 1971 correspondence, while an assistant professor of Black Studies at State University of New York at Stony Brook, consists of his research inquiries relating to Black life in Memphis, Tennessee; there are also references to an accident he suffered, December 7 and 15, 1971.  There are several interesting letters during the 1980s (however, researchers should note the absence of 1982, 1988 and 1989 letters in the general \"Correspondence\" folders), especially Robinson's letter of  resignation from the University of California at Los Angeles, May 13, 1980; many of his May 1980 letters pertain to his University of Virginia faculty appointment. Also of interest: a March 26, 1981 letter from Robinson to John Wilkinson, Alumni Affairs Development, Yale University, seeking financial assistance for the daughter of  University of Virginia faculty colleague Vivian V. Gordon; November 23, 1981, to the Rector of the Board of Visitors, Virginia Commonwealth University, expressing opposition to the proposed consolidation of its library system with the school's Visual Education Services; December 9, 1981, to the editor of The Harvard Magazine, describing Robinson's role in the establishment of a Black Studies program at Yale University; March 1984 correspondence with Molefi Kete Asante (founder of Afrocentricity and a Black Studies proponent) accusing Robinson of falsely claiming to have been founding director of the Center for Afro-American Studies at the University of California at Los Angeles.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Academic Career, 1964-1969 (4.5 c.f., Boxes 1-5).  This series is concerned with Robinson's academic career and is divided into four subseries; there is some chronological and historical overlap among the folders.\nSubseries A: Yale University (Boxes 1-3) chiefly concerns Robinson's work with the Black Student Alliance at Yale (BSAY), its 1968 symposium \"Black Studies in the University,\" and seven audiotape reel recordings of the symposium's proceedings later transcribed, published and edited by Robinson and others as Black Studies in the University: A Symposium (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1969). Symposium participants included McGeorge Bundy; Lawrence Chisolm; Harold Cruse; Robert Dahl; Nathan Hare; Ron \"Maulana\" Karenga; Martin Kilson, Jr.; Sidney W. Mintz; Boniface I. Obichere; Donald Ogilvie; Alvin Poussaint; Edwin S. Redkey; Charles Henry Taylor, Jr.; Farris Thompson, and Gerald A. McWorter.\nSubseries B: State University of New York (Box 4) is concerned with Robinson's faculty career and early interest in Black Studies. \nSubseries C: University of California at Los Angeles and the University of Rochester, New York (Box 4)includes Robinson's UCLA class lecture notes and papers while a Rochester doctoral student. \nSubseries D: University of Virginia (Boxes 4-5)represents the longest and final phase of Robinson's academic career. Included are lecture notes, syllabi, course evaluations, and various topical and subject files including folders for colleagues Matthew W. Holden Jr., Nathan A. Scott, Jr., and Jeanne Maddox Toungara; the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African Studies (researchers should note that the majority of the Woodson Institute's papers, including those during Robinson's tenure, are retained there and may not yet be available for public research); the Corcoran Department of History (with correspondence and memoranda of Edward L. Ayers and Edwin E. Floyd concerning Robinson's appointment and tenure); the Venable Lane Burial Site Task Force/Catherine \"Kitty\" Foster Homesite (a university committee Robinson co-chaired); the Office of Afro-American Affairs (1986 letters to University of Virginia president Robert O'Neil in defense of OAAA dean Paul L. Puryear and critical of the handling of his resignation as dean and the controversy surrounding it), and, the transcribed remarks of  F. (Frederick) Palmer Weber (labor and civil rights activist.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Subject and Topical Files (Boxes 5-11) consists of alphabetized subject and topical folders of select individuals followed by those of organizations and groups.  Among the prominent correspondents (Boxes 5-7): Herbert Aptheker, Ira Berlin, LaWanda F. Cox, Stanley L. Engerman, Michael W. Fitzgerald, John Hope Franklin, Eugene D. Genovese, Herbert Gutman, Stephen Hahn, Vincent Harding, Darlene Clark Hine, C. Stuart McGehee, Pauline Maier, August Meier, Nell Irvin Painter, Lewis Perry, Edwin S. Redkey, William Scarborough, Robert Brent Toplin, Edmund S. Wehrle, and C. Vann Woodward. Folders of some of  Robinson's former students are also present.\n  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Research Materials (Boxes 11-32)is the collection's largest series and contains research materials, 1850-1995, on the American Civil War, African-American history, Robinson's dissertation and Bitter Fruits of Bondage book, and census projects. (His extensive census research is filed at the end of this series). The majority of nineteenth century material are photocopies. Folders are arranged alphabetically, and several contain materials cited in Bitter Fruits of Bondage. Folders of interest include: \"First Africans in Virginia (Jamestown)\" (Box 11); \"Memphis Social History Project/Memphis Leadership Project\" (Robinson's letter of June 17, 1977 describes this project as having been conceived by him in 1966, while a junior at Yale, as a history of the Black community in Memphis) (Box 12); \"Research Material: Reconstruction: Black Political Leaders in Memphis, Tennessee (city directory and census data)\" (Box 14).Census materials comprise the latter part of Series IV, and at twelve boxes are the largest groups of materials in the series and the collection (Boxes 20-32).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Writings and Publications (Boxes 32-42)the collection's second largest series, contains Robinson's writings, publications and manuscripts of his Yale honors' thesis, University of Rochester dissertation \"Day of Jubilo\" [formerly \"Cotton, Contrabands, and Mr. Lincoln's War\"], Bitter Fruits of Bondage (Boxes 32-38), articles, book reviews, public and conference lectures. These folders are arranged alphabetically by title and chronologically within title headings. Some of Robinson's manuscripts were critiqued on his behalf by colleagues and fellow historians such as Ira Berlin, Edward L. Ayers, Michael F. Holt, Michael Johnson, Julie S. Jones, Theresa M. Towner, and Bell Irvin Wiley.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6: Oversize (Oversize Box U-10) is the last for the collection. Items are arranged chronologically and include: a photostatic copy of a 1863 letter from James Seddon, Confederate secretary of war, to Jefferson Davis; two pencil and ink sketches of Carter G. Woodson; a 1994 certificate declaring Robinson an honorary citizen of Natchez, Mississippi; an incomplete numbered set of \"Images of Afro-Americans of the Emancipation Era\" (Hodges Publications); University of North Carolina Department of Geography census templates and demographic maps; photostatic copies of Civil War maps from National Archives (Washington, D.C.) record group numbers 77 and 94, and speaking engagement posters.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Original order has been preserved as much as possible; several original boxes (Boxes 15-19 [note cards] and 26-28 [1880 census schedules]) was retained because of the size of their particular contents. Items with no ostensible order have been organized with similar materials. Folders, with some exceptions, are arranged alphabetically within each series and their contents chronologically. Throughout the collection Robinson is occasionally addressed as \"ALR,\" \"Armstead Robinson,\" \"Armstead L. Robinson,\" \"Prof. Robinson,\" \"Robbie\" or \"Robby.\" Some folders abbreviate Robinson's name as \"ALR,\" particularly in Series 5; his Bitter Fruits of Bondage folders are occasionally abbreviated as \"BFOB. The collection is arranged in six series:","Series 1: Correspondence, 1967-1995 (0.5 c.f., Box 1).  This series consists of the bulk of Robinson's general correspondence, 1967-1995, but researchers should note that other correspondence is available throughout Series 2, 3, 4 and 5. Letters of interest include a letter of Whitney Moore Young Jr. of the National Urban League, promising assistance to Robinson, August 18, 1969. Much of Robinson's 1971 correspondence, while an assistant professor of Black Studies at State University of New York at Stony Brook, consists of his research inquiries relating to Black life in Memphis, Tennessee; there are also references to an accident he suffered, December 7 and 15, 1971.  There are several interesting letters during the 1980s (however, researchers should note the absence of 1982, 1988 and 1989 letters in the general \"Correspondence\" folders), especially Robinson's letter of  resignation from the University of California at Los Angeles, May 13, 1980; many of his May 1980 letters pertain to his University of Virginia faculty appointment. Also of interest: a March 26, 1981 letter from Robinson to John Wilkinson, Alumni Affairs Development, Yale University, seeking financial assistance for the daughter of  University of Virginia faculty colleague Vivian V. Gordon; November 23, 1981, to the Rector of the Board of Visitors, Virginia Commonwealth University, expressing opposition to the proposed consolidation of its library system with the school's Visual Education Services; December 9, 1981, to the editor of The Harvard Magazine, describing Robinson's role in the establishment of a Black Studies program at Yale University; March 1984 correspondence with Molefi Kete Asante (founder of Afrocentricity and a Black Studies proponent) accusing Robinson of falsely claiming to have been founding director of the Center for Afro-American Studies at the University of California at Los Angeles.","Series 2: Academic Career, 1964-1969 (4.5 c.f., Boxes 1-5).  This series is concerned with Robinson's academic career and is divided into four subseries; there is some chronological and historical overlap among the folders.\nSubseries A: Yale University (Boxes 1-3) chiefly concerns Robinson's work with the Black Student Alliance at Yale (BSAY), its 1968 symposium \"Black Studies in the University,\" and seven audiotape reel recordings of the symposium's proceedings later transcribed, published and edited by Robinson and others as Black Studies in the University: A Symposium (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1969). Symposium participants included McGeorge Bundy; Lawrence Chisolm; Harold Cruse; Robert Dahl; Nathan Hare; Ron \"Maulana\" Karenga; Martin Kilson, Jr.; Sidney W. Mintz; Boniface I. Obichere; Donald Ogilvie; Alvin Poussaint; Edwin S. Redkey; Charles Henry Taylor, Jr.; Farris Thompson, and Gerald A. McWorter.\nSubseries B: State University of New York (Box 4) is concerned with Robinson's faculty career and early interest in Black Studies. \nSubseries C: University of California at Los Angeles and the University of Rochester, New York (Box 4)includes Robinson's UCLA class lecture notes and papers while a Rochester doctoral student. \nSubseries D: University of Virginia (Boxes 4-5)represents the longest and final phase of Robinson's academic career. Included are lecture notes, syllabi, course evaluations, and various topical and subject files including folders for colleagues Matthew W. Holden Jr., Nathan A. Scott, Jr., and Jeanne Maddox Toungara; the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African Studies (researchers should note that the majority of the Woodson Institute's papers, including those during Robinson's tenure, are retained there and may not yet be available for public research); the Corcoran Department of History (with correspondence and memoranda of Edward L. Ayers and Edwin E. Floyd concerning Robinson's appointment and tenure); the Venable Lane Burial Site Task Force/Catherine \"Kitty\" Foster Homesite (a university committee Robinson co-chaired); the Office of Afro-American Affairs (1986 letters to University of Virginia president Robert O'Neil in defense of OAAA dean Paul L. Puryear and critical of the handling of his resignation as dean and the controversy surrounding it), and, the transcribed remarks of  F. (Frederick) Palmer Weber (labor and civil rights activist.","Series 3: Subject and Topical Files (Boxes 5-11) consists of alphabetized subject and topical folders of select individuals followed by those of organizations and groups.  Among the prominent correspondents (Boxes 5-7): Herbert Aptheker, Ira Berlin, LaWanda F. Cox, Stanley L. Engerman, Michael W. Fitzgerald, John Hope Franklin, Eugene D. Genovese, Herbert Gutman, Stephen Hahn, Vincent Harding, Darlene Clark Hine, C. Stuart McGehee, Pauline Maier, August Meier, Nell Irvin Painter, Lewis Perry, Edwin S. Redkey, William Scarborough, Robert Brent Toplin, Edmund S. Wehrle, and C. Vann Woodward. Folders of some of  Robinson's former students are also present.","Series 4: Research Materials (Boxes 11-32)is the collection's largest series and contains research materials, 1850-1995, on the American Civil War, African-American history, Robinson's dissertation and Bitter Fruits of Bondage book, and census projects. (His extensive census research is filed at the end of this series). The majority of nineteenth century material are photocopies. Folders are arranged alphabetically, and several contain materials cited in Bitter Fruits of Bondage. Folders of interest include: \"First Africans in Virginia (Jamestown)\" (Box 11); \"Memphis Social History Project/Memphis Leadership Project\" (Robinson's letter of June 17, 1977 describes this project as having been conceived by him in 1966, while a junior at Yale, as a history of the Black community in Memphis) (Box 12); \"Research Material: Reconstruction: Black Political Leaders in Memphis, Tennessee (city directory and census data)\" (Box 14).Census materials comprise the latter part of Series IV, and at twelve boxes are the largest groups of materials in the series and the collection (Boxes 20-32).","Series 5: Writings and Publications (Boxes 32-42)the collection's second largest series, contains Robinson's writings, publications and manuscripts of his Yale honors' thesis, University of Rochester dissertation \"Day of Jubilo\" [formerly \"Cotton, Contrabands, and Mr. Lincoln's War\"], Bitter Fruits of Bondage (Boxes 32-38), articles, book reviews, public and conference lectures. These folders are arranged alphabetically by title and chronologically within title headings. Some of Robinson's manuscripts were critiqued on his behalf by colleagues and fellow historians such as Ira Berlin, Edward L. Ayers, Michael F. Holt, Michael Johnson, Julie S. Jones, Theresa M. Towner, and Bell Irvin Wiley.","Series 6: Oversize (Oversize Box U-10) is the last for the collection. Items are arranged chronologically and include: a photostatic copy of a 1863 letter from James Seddon, Confederate secretary of war, to Jefferson Davis; two pencil and ink sketches of Carter G. Woodson; a 1994 certificate declaring Robinson an honorary citizen of Natchez, Mississippi; an incomplete numbered set of \"Images of Afro-Americans of the Emancipation Era\" (Hodges Publications); University of North Carolina Department of Geography census templates and demographic maps; photostatic copies of Civil War maps from National Archives (Washington, D.C.) record group numbers 77 and 94, and speaking engagement posters."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArmstead Louis Robinson was born on April 30, 1947 in New Orleans, Louisiana, the son of Reverend Dr. DeWitt Robinson (a Lutheran clergyman) and Ruth Dickinson Robinson. He attended segregated New Orleans public schools (Trinity Lutheran Elementary and Rivers Frederick Junior High), and Hamilton High School in Memphis, Tennessee, from which he graduated with honors in 1964.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n","\u003cp\u003eRobinson enrolled at Yale University in 1964 as one of eighteen African-American men (out of 1,061 men admitted that year) and received a bachelor's degree in History and graduated with honors and distinction in 1969 for his Scholar of the House thesis, \"In the Aftermath of Slavery: Blacks and Reconstruction in Memphis and Shelby County, Tennessee, 1865-1870.\" As a Yale student Robinson helped create an undergraduate Black Studies program culminating in a 1968 symposium, \"Black Studies in the University,\" and co-edited the conference anthology, Black Studies in the University; A Symposium (Yale University Press, 1969), one of the first books on Black Studies. This experience led to his lifelong interest in promoting Black Studies. While at Yale, Robinson began his teaching career with a lecture series on Black History for the New Haven, Connecticut public school system as well as elementary school day sessions and junior high school evening sessions during 1966-1968.\u003c/p\u003e\n    \n\n","\u003cp\u003eRobinson was a member of the dean's list (1967-1969), captain of Yale's ROTC Rifle Team (1966-1968), recipient of the 1968 Von Snidren Prize for book collecting, and a member of the Black Student Alliance at Yale (BSAY). As an alumnus he served on the Yale Development Board (1983-1988), the Association of Yale Alumni Board of Governors (1981-1986), and the Yale University Council (1977-1995), of which he served as president during 1981-1986. In 1987 he was the recipient of the Yale Medal for Distinguished Service, his alma mater's highest alumni honor. \u003c/p\u003e\n    \n\n","\u003cp\u003eRobinson briefly attended Yale Divinity School (1968-1970) before withdrawing to become a visiting professor at Southern Illinois University, in Carbondale, Illinois (1970), an assistant professor of Africana Studies at the State University of New York, SUNY-Stony Brook, and assistant professor of Africana and Afro-American Studies, SUNY Brockport (1970-1973). Later, Robinson was a visiting scholar or professor of history at the National Humanities Center (Research Triangle Park, North Carolina), Southwestern at Memphis [now Rhodes College], and Smith College, Massachusetts (Box 10), and the University of Richmond (Box 11).\u003c/p\u003e\n    \n\n","\u003cp\u003eIt is unknown exactly when and why Robinson decided to become a Civil War historian. While an assistant history professor at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), 1973-1980), he began work on his dissertation at the University of Rochester, New York, where he was mentored by two of America's leading historians, Stanley L. Engerman and Eugene D. Genovese. Genovese was among the scholars who early recognized Robinson's talents as a historian. In his seminal study Roll, Jordan, Roll: The World The Slaves Made (1974), Genovese cited Robinson's thesis (pp. 700n26 and 725n4) as \"'In the Aftermath of Slavery: Blacks and Reconstruction in Memphis, Tennessee, 1865-1870,' unpubl. undergraduate thesis, Yale University, 1969\" (Boxes 5, 6, 15-16, 40-41). \u003c/p\u003e\n    \n\n","\u003cp\u003eRobinson received a Doctorate of Philosophy with Honors from the University of Rochester in 1977 for his dissertation \"Day of Jubilo: Civil War and the Demise of Slavery in the Mississippi Valley, 1861-1865.\" In 1980 he joined the University of Virginia faculty as an associate professor in the Corcoran Department of History and was also appointed the first director of the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African Studies; as director he was the general editor of the Carter G. Woodson Series in Black Studies published by the University Press of Virginia and retained these positions until his death. In a June 25, 1980 letter to James T. McIntosh, editor of the Papers of Jefferson Davis, Robinson noted the racial and cultural significance of his Virginia appointment: \"I am happier than I can possibly express to be able to return home to the south, particularly at UVA where I am scheduled to teach . . .  I am indeed excited about the day when a southern black can teach southern and Civil War/Reconstruction history at a major southern university\" (folder \"Papers of Jefferson Davis,\" Box 12). \u003c/p\u003e  \n    \n\n","\u003cp\u003eHe served on numerous university committees during his career. At the University of California, Los Angeles, he was a member of: the Faculty Senate (1975-1979); the American Field Written Comprehensive Examination Committee (1976-1979; chairman, 1977-1979), and, the Fellowships Committee, Center for Afro-American Studies (1975-1980; chairman, 1977-1980). While at the University of Virginia he was a member of the Faculty Steering Committee for Major in Afro-American and African Studies (1980-1995); the Faculty Senate (1981-1984; 1987-1990); the Afro-American Faculty-Staff Forum (1982-1984); the Presidential Advisory Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity and Affirmative Action (1992-1995), and co-chairman, Venable Lane Burial Site Task Force/Catherine \"Kitty\" Foster Homesite (1993-1995). Other notable committee service consisted of the Planning Committee, Booker T. Washington Commemoration, Booker T. Washington National Monument (1983-1984); the Jefferson Davis Book Award Committee (1989-1991; chairman, 1991); the Abraham Lincoln Prize National Advisory Committee (1990-1995); the Afro-American Studies Advisory Committee, Princeton University (1991-1995), and the James Monroe Papers Advisory Board at Ash Lawn-Highland (1992-1997).\u003c/p\u003e\n    \n\n","\u003cp\u003eRobinson received numerous awards and scholarly recognitions including the Ford Foundation Fund for Distinguished Black Scholars (1971); the UCLA Faculty Career Development Award (1979-1980); the Carter G. Woodson Award, Journal of Negro History (1981); Fellow at the National Humanities and National Research Council (1984-1985); Jefferson Davis Memorial Lecturer, Museum of the Confederacy, Richmond, Virginia (1990); William Allan Neilson Research Professor, Smith College (1991-1992); Louis P. Gottschalk Memorial Lecturer, University of Louisville (1994), and the Jessie Ball DuPont Visiting Professor, University of Richmond (1994-1995). The Virginia State Library Board of Trustees issued a 1990 resolution of thanks for his service during 1984-1989 while a member of its board of trustees, and Robinson was declared an honorary citizen of Natchez, Mississippi in 1994. He was a member of several scholarly organizations including the American Historical Association, the American Studies Association, the Association for the Study of Afro-American Life and History, the Organization of American Historians, and the Southern Historical Association.\u003c/p\u003e\n    \n\n","\u003cp\u003eRobinson published extensively. He co-edited Black Studies in the University: A Symposium (1969) [Boxes 1-2]; The African Religious Tradition: Historiography (Associated Publishers, 1987), and New Directions in Civil Rights Studies (University Press of Virginia, 1991). His posthumous magnum opus, Bitter Fruits of Bondage: The Demise of Slavery and the Collapse of the Confederacy, 1861-1865 (University of Virginia Press, 2005), was nationally acclaimed (Boxes 32-38). The author of several articles, essays and book reviews, Robinson's most significant articles include: \"In the Shadow of Old John Brown: Insurrection Anxiety and Confederate Mobilization, 1861-1863,\" Journal of Negro History (Fall 1980) [Box 41]; \"Beyond the Realm of Social Consensus: New Meanings of Reconstruction for American History,\" The Journal of American History (September 1981) [Box 32], and, \"Reassessing the First Reconstruction: Lost Opportunity or Tragic Era,\" Reviews in American History, (March 1978) [Box 42]. He also wrote the foreword to Calder Loth's Virginia Landmarks of Black History: Sites on the Virginia Landmarks Register and the National Register of Historic Places (University Press of Virginia, 1995) [Box 42].\u003c/p\u003e\n    \n\n","\u003cp\u003eRobinson married Mildred (Wigfall) Ravenell, a University of Virginia law professor, at the university's Colonnade Club in 1987. He died of complications from a brain aneurysm at the University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville, on August 28, 1995, at the age of forty-eight. He was survived by his wife Mildred and their daughter Allison; his mother Ruth Robinson; his sisters DeWittress Taylor and Miriam Elmore and a brother, Llewlyn Robinson; two stepchildren, and a host of nieces, nephews and relatives. After a funeral on September 5, 1995, Robinson was interred at Cross of Cavalry Lutheran Church Cemetery in Memphis, Tennessee. A two-hour memorial \"Service of Thanksgiving,\" attended by nearly 500 colleagues, family and friends, was held on September 29, 1995 at the University of Virginia's Old Cabell Hall auditorium. The Armstead L. Robinson Fellowship Fund was established at the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African Studies in his memory.\u003c/p\u003e\n  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Armstead Louis Robinson was born on April 30, 1947 in New Orleans, Louisiana, the son of Reverend Dr. DeWitt Robinson (a Lutheran clergyman) and Ruth Dickinson Robinson. He attended segregated New Orleans public schools (Trinity Lutheran Elementary and Rivers Frederick Junior High), and Hamilton High School in Memphis, Tennessee, from which he graduated with honors in 1964.","Robinson enrolled at Yale University in 1964 as one of eighteen African-American men (out of 1,061 men admitted that year) and received a bachelor's degree in History and graduated with honors and distinction in 1969 for his Scholar of the House thesis, \"In the Aftermath of Slavery: Blacks and Reconstruction in Memphis and Shelby County, Tennessee, 1865-1870.\" As a Yale student Robinson helped create an undergraduate Black Studies program culminating in a 1968 symposium, \"Black Studies in the University,\" and co-edited the conference anthology, Black Studies in the University; A Symposium (Yale University Press, 1969), one of the first books on Black Studies. This experience led to his lifelong interest in promoting Black Studies. While at Yale, Robinson began his teaching career with a lecture series on Black History for the New Haven, Connecticut public school system as well as elementary school day sessions and junior high school evening sessions during 1966-1968.","Robinson was a member of the dean's list (1967-1969), captain of Yale's ROTC Rifle Team (1966-1968), recipient of the 1968 Von Snidren Prize for book collecting, and a member of the Black Student Alliance at Yale (BSAY). As an alumnus he served on the Yale Development Board (1983-1988), the Association of Yale Alumni Board of Governors (1981-1986), and the Yale University Council (1977-1995), of which he served as president during 1981-1986. In 1987 he was the recipient of the Yale Medal for Distinguished Service, his alma mater's highest alumni honor.","Robinson briefly attended Yale Divinity School (1968-1970) before withdrawing to become a visiting professor at Southern Illinois University, in Carbondale, Illinois (1970), an assistant professor of Africana Studies at the State University of New York, SUNY-Stony Brook, and assistant professor of Africana and Afro-American Studies, SUNY Brockport (1970-1973). Later, Robinson was a visiting scholar or professor of history at the National Humanities Center (Research Triangle Park, North Carolina), Southwestern at Memphis [now Rhodes College], and Smith College, Massachusetts (Box 10), and the University of Richmond (Box 11).","It is unknown exactly when and why Robinson decided to become a Civil War historian. While an assistant history professor at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), 1973-1980), he began work on his dissertation at the University of Rochester, New York, where he was mentored by two of America's leading historians, Stanley L. Engerman and Eugene D. Genovese. Genovese was among the scholars who early recognized Robinson's talents as a historian. In his seminal study Roll, Jordan, Roll: The World The Slaves Made (1974), Genovese cited Robinson's thesis (pp. 700n26 and 725n4) as \"'In the Aftermath of Slavery: Blacks and Reconstruction in Memphis, Tennessee, 1865-1870,' unpubl. undergraduate thesis, Yale University, 1969\" (Boxes 5, 6, 15-16, 40-41).","Robinson received a Doctorate of Philosophy with Honors from the University of Rochester in 1977 for his dissertation \"Day of Jubilo: Civil War and the Demise of Slavery in the Mississippi Valley, 1861-1865.\" In 1980 he joined the University of Virginia faculty as an associate professor in the Corcoran Department of History and was also appointed the first director of the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African Studies; as director he was the general editor of the Carter G. Woodson Series in Black Studies published by the University Press of Virginia and retained these positions until his death. In a June 25, 1980 letter to James T. McIntosh, editor of the Papers of Jefferson Davis, Robinson noted the racial and cultural significance of his Virginia appointment: \"I am happier than I can possibly express to be able to return home to the south, particularly at UVA where I am scheduled to teach . . .  I am indeed excited about the day when a southern black can teach southern and Civil War/Reconstruction history at a major southern university\" (folder \"Papers of Jefferson Davis,\" Box 12).","He served on numerous university committees during his career. At the University of California, Los Angeles, he was a member of: the Faculty Senate (1975-1979); the American Field Written Comprehensive Examination Committee (1976-1979; chairman, 1977-1979), and, the Fellowships Committee, Center for Afro-American Studies (1975-1980; chairman, 1977-1980). While at the University of Virginia he was a member of the Faculty Steering Committee for Major in Afro-American and African Studies (1980-1995); the Faculty Senate (1981-1984; 1987-1990); the Afro-American Faculty-Staff Forum (1982-1984); the Presidential Advisory Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity and Affirmative Action (1992-1995), and co-chairman, Venable Lane Burial Site Task Force/Catherine \"Kitty\" Foster Homesite (1993-1995). Other notable committee service consisted of the Planning Committee, Booker T. Washington Commemoration, Booker T. Washington National Monument (1983-1984); the Jefferson Davis Book Award Committee (1989-1991; chairman, 1991); the Abraham Lincoln Prize National Advisory Committee (1990-1995); the Afro-American Studies Advisory Committee, Princeton University (1991-1995), and the James Monroe Papers Advisory Board at Ash Lawn-Highland (1992-1997).","Robinson received numerous awards and scholarly recognitions including the Ford Foundation Fund for Distinguished Black Scholars (1971); the UCLA Faculty Career Development Award (1979-1980); the Carter G. Woodson Award, Journal of Negro History (1981); Fellow at the National Humanities and National Research Council (1984-1985); Jefferson Davis Memorial Lecturer, Museum of the Confederacy, Richmond, Virginia (1990); William Allan Neilson Research Professor, Smith College (1991-1992); Louis P. Gottschalk Memorial Lecturer, University of Louisville (1994), and the Jessie Ball DuPont Visiting Professor, University of Richmond (1994-1995). The Virginia State Library Board of Trustees issued a 1990 resolution of thanks for his service during 1984-1989 while a member of its board of trustees, and Robinson was declared an honorary citizen of Natchez, Mississippi in 1994. He was a member of several scholarly organizations including the American Historical Association, the American Studies Association, the Association for the Study of Afro-American Life and History, the Organization of American Historians, and the Southern Historical Association.","Robinson published extensively. He co-edited Black Studies in the University: A Symposium (1969) [Boxes 1-2]; The African Religious Tradition: Historiography (Associated Publishers, 1987), and New Directions in Civil Rights Studies (University Press of Virginia, 1991). His posthumous magnum opus, Bitter Fruits of Bondage: The Demise of Slavery and the Collapse of the Confederacy, 1861-1865 (University of Virginia Press, 2005), was nationally acclaimed (Boxes 32-38). The author of several articles, essays and book reviews, Robinson's most significant articles include: \"In the Shadow of Old John Brown: Insurrection Anxiety and Confederate Mobilization, 1861-1863,\" Journal of Negro History (Fall 1980) [Box 41]; \"Beyond the Realm of Social Consensus: New Meanings of Reconstruction for American History,\" The Journal of American History (September 1981) [Box 32], and, \"Reassessing the First Reconstruction: Lost Opportunity or Tragic Era,\" Reviews in American History, (March 1978) [Box 42]. He also wrote the foreword to Calder Loth's Virginia Landmarks of Black History: Sites on the Virginia Landmarks Register and the National Register of Historic Places (University Press of Virginia, 1995) [Box 42].","Robinson married Mildred (Wigfall) Ravenell, a University of Virginia law professor, at the university's Colonnade Club in 1987. He died of complications from a brain aneurysm at the University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville, on August 28, 1995, at the age of forty-eight. He was survived by his wife Mildred and their daughter Allison; his mother Ruth Robinson; his sisters DeWittress Taylor and Miriam Elmore and a brother, Llewlyn Robinson; two stepchildren, and a host of nieces, nephews and relatives. After a funeral on September 5, 1995, Robinson was interred at Cross of Cavalry Lutheran Church Cemetery in Memphis, Tennessee. A two-hour memorial \"Service of Thanksgiving,\" attended by nearly 500 colleagues, family and friends, was held on September 29, 1995 at the University of Virginia's Old Cabell Hall auditorium. The Armstead L. Robinson Fellowship Fund was established at the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African Studies in his memory."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 12836, Armstead Robinson Papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 12836, Armstead Robinson Papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Armstead L. Robinson papers(1848-2001; 43 cubic feet) consist of audiotapes; book reviews; census material; computer printouts; conference papers; correspondence; biographical information; instructional material; lectures and speeches; manuscripts and original writings by Robinson, his colleagues and students; maps; memorabilia; microfilm; organizational and professional files; photographs; printed items, and research and topical files. Most of the nineteenth century material is in the form of photocopies.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n","\u003cp\u003eThe scope of this collection is national. Professor Robinson's papers are reflective of the life and career of a nationally active professional historian and educator. Topics of interest include: African-American history; African-American life in Memphis and Shelby County, Tennessee, 1840s-1880s; life as an African-American student at Yale University during the 1960s; the development of Black Studies during the 1960s; life as an African-American faculty member at the State University of New York (SUNY), the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), and the University of Virginia during the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s; slavery in the Confederacy; the nineteenth century American South, especially during the Civil War and Reconstruction; and the modern Civil Rights Movement. Several organizations of interest to Robinson include but are not limited to: Antioch College; Association for the Study of Negro Life and History (Association for the Study of Afro-American Life and History); the Black Student Alliance at Yale (BSAY); the Booker T. Washington National Monument; Corporate/Community Schools of America; the Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial Center and Institute of the Black World; National Humanities Center (Research Triangle Park, North Carolina); Papers of Jefferson Davis; the University of California, Berkeley; the University of California at Los Angeles; the University of Rochester; the University of Virginia; the Virginia State Library Board, and Yale University.\u003c/p\u003e\n    \n\n","\u003cp\u003e\n    \n    Robinson corresponded with numerous fellow scholars, historians and prominent persons: Herbert Aptheker (1915-2003), historian; Molefi Kete Asante (b. 1942), founder of Afrocentricity and proponent of Black Studies; Ira Berlin (b. 1941), American historian; John B. Boles (b. 1943), historian and managing editor, Journal of Southern History; F. N. Boney, historian; Arna Wendell Bontemps (1902-1973), educator, librarian and Harlem Renaissance novelist; McGeorge Bundy (1919–1996), United States National Security Advisor and head of the Ford Foundation; Austin C. Clarke (b. 1934), Afro-Canadian novelist; John F. Cooke (president, The Disney Channel/Walt Disney Company); Emâilia Viotti da Costa, historian of Brazil; LaWanda F. Cox (1909-2005), historian; Lynda Lasswell Crist (Papers of Jefferson Davis); Merle Curti (1897-1997), American social and intellectual historian; Mary Seaton Dix (Papers of Jefferson Davis); Stanley L. Engerman (b. 1936), economic historian; Karen E. Fields, director, Frederick Douglass Institute for African and African-Americans Studies, University of Rochester; Michael W. Fitzgerald (b. 1956), historian; Harold E. Ford [Harold Eugene Ford, Sr., b.1945], U. S. congressman from Tennessee; Elizabeth Fox-Genovese (1941-2007), historian; John Hope Franklin (1915-2009), American historian; George M. Fredrickson (b. 1934), historian; Eugene D. Genovese (1930-2012), historian; Henry Louis \"Skip\" Gates Jr. (b. 1950); A. Bartlett Giamatti (1938-1989), Yale president (and later commissioner of Major League Baseball); Herbert Gutman (1928-1985), historian; Stephen Hahn (b. 1950), Faulkner scholar; Vincent Harding (b. 1931), historian; Nathan Hare (b. 1933), sociologist, psychotherapist, and a founder of the Black Studies movement; Darlene Clark Hine (b. 1947), historian; Alton Hornsby (Journal of Negro History); C. Stuart McGehee, historian; Ron \"Maulana\" Karenga (b. 1941), a leader of the Black Studies movement and founder of Kwanzaa, a cultural celebration of African-American culture and community; Lauranett Lee (later curator of African American History, Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, Virginia); James T. McIntosh (Papers of Jefferson Davis); Pauline Maier (b. 1938), professor of American History, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; August Meier (1923-2003), historian; Nell Irvin Painter (b. 1942), historian; Lewis C. Perry (b. 1938), historian and editor of The Journal of American History; Edwin S. Redkey (b. 1931), American historian; Joseph Reidy (b. 1948); Dan Roberts, University of Richmond; Leslie S. Rowland, historian; William Scarborough, historian, University of Southern Mississippi; Daryl M. Scott (later a Howard University professor of history and vice president for programs, and member of the Association for the Study of African American Life and History's executive council); Robert Brent Toplin (b. 1940), American historian; Edmund S. Wehrle, University of Connecticut; C. Vann Woodward (1908-1999), American historian; Karen L. Wysocki,  and, Whitney Moore Young Jr. (1921-1971), executive director of the National Urban League, Inc., and American civil rights leader.\u003c/p\u003e\n    \n\n","\u003cp\u003eAs to be expected, there is correspondence with several University of Virginia colleagues: Edward L. Ayers (b. 1953), Corcoran Department of History; William A. Elwood (1932-2002), professor of English and associate dean of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences; Edwin E. Floyd, dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences; Matthew Holden, Jr. (b. 1931), Henry L. and Grace M. Doherty Professor, Woodrow Wilson Department of Government and Foreign Affairs; Michael F. Holt, Corcoran Department of History; Ervin L. Jordan Jr. (b. 1954), Special Collections Department, Alderman Library; Robert O'Neil, president of the University of Virginia; Nathan Alexander Scott, Jr. (1925-2006), Commonwealth Professor of Religious Studies; Jeanne Maddox Toungara, Corcoran Department of History, and, Theresa M. Towner, Department of English.\u003c/p\u003e \n    \n\n","\u003cp\u003eProminent persons mentioned in the collection include: Howard K. Beale (1897-1959), a University of North Carolina historian; Reginald Butler, Corcoran Department of History, and Robinson's successor as director of the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African studies; Lawrence Chisolm, historian, State University of New York at Buffalo; Robert R. Church [Robert Reed Church, Sr.] (1839-1912), business leader and the South's first African-American millionaire; Eldridge Cleaver (1935-1998), a founder of the Black Panther Party; Harold Cruse (1916-2005), historian and proponent of Black Studies; Philip D. Curtin (b. 1922), historian; Robert Dahl (b. 1915), Yale political scientist; St. Clair Drake (1911-1990), sociologist, anthropologist and educator; Alex Dupuy, historian of Haiti; Drew Gilpin Faust (b. 1947), American historian; Robert W. Fogel (b. 1926), American historian; Vivian V. Gordon (1934-1995), sociologist; Martin Kilson, Jr., political scientist, Harvard University; James Armistead Lafayette (1760-1832), African-American slave and spy; Alan Lomax (1915-2002), folklorist and musicologist; Gerald A. McWorter, political scientist, Spelman College, and a founder of the Black Studies movement; Sidney W. Mintz (b. 1922), anthropologist; Boniface I. Obichere (1933-1997), historian; Donald Ogilvie (Yale student); Dorothy B. Porter [Dorothy Porter Wesley]; Alvin Poussaint (b. 1934), psychiatrist; Paul L. Puryear (1930-2010), dean of the Office of Afro-American Affairs, University of Virginia; John T. Schlotterbeck (b. 1948), historian; Henry Taylor, Jr. (b. 1928), educator and psychoanalyst; William Shockley (1910-1989), American physicist and eugenicist; F. (Frederick) Palmer Weber (1914-1986), labor and civil rights activist; Charles Harris Wesley (1891-1987), an African-American historian; Bell Irwin Wiley (1906-1980), American Civil War historian; Carter G. Woodson (1875-1950), \"the Father of Negro History,\" and George Carlton Wright, vice provost of the University of Texas at Austin.\u003c/p\u003e\n    \n    ","\u003cp\u003eThe collection has been organized into six series: Corespondence, Academic Career, Topical Files, Research Materials, Writings and Publications, and Oversize materails. \u003c/p\u003e\n  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Armstead L. Robinson papers(1848-2001; 43 cubic feet) consist of audiotapes; book reviews; census material; computer printouts; conference papers; correspondence; biographical information; instructional material; lectures and speeches; manuscripts and original writings by Robinson, his colleagues and students; maps; memorabilia; microfilm; organizational and professional files; photographs; printed items, and research and topical files. Most of the nineteenth century material is in the form of photocopies.","The scope of this collection is national. Professor Robinson's papers are reflective of the life and career of a nationally active professional historian and educator. Topics of interest include: African-American history; African-American life in Memphis and Shelby County, Tennessee, 1840s-1880s; life as an African-American student at Yale University during the 1960s; the development of Black Studies during the 1960s; life as an African-American faculty member at the State University of New York (SUNY), the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), and the University of Virginia during the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s; slavery in the Confederacy; the nineteenth century American South, especially during the Civil War and Reconstruction; and the modern Civil Rights Movement. Several organizations of interest to Robinson include but are not limited to: Antioch College; Association for the Study of Negro Life and History (Association for the Study of Afro-American Life and History); the Black Student Alliance at Yale (BSAY); the Booker T. Washington National Monument; Corporate/Community Schools of America; the Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial Center and Institute of the Black World; National Humanities Center (Research Triangle Park, North Carolina); Papers of Jefferson Davis; the University of California, Berkeley; the University of California at Los Angeles; the University of Rochester; the University of Virginia; the Virginia State Library Board, and Yale University.","Robinson corresponded with numerous fellow scholars, historians and prominent persons: Herbert Aptheker (1915-2003), historian; Molefi Kete Asante (b. 1942), founder of Afrocentricity and proponent of Black Studies; Ira Berlin (b. 1941), American historian; John B. Boles (b. 1943), historian and managing editor, Journal of Southern History; F. N. Boney, historian; Arna Wendell Bontemps (1902-1973), educator, librarian and Harlem Renaissance novelist; McGeorge Bundy (1919–1996), United States National Security Advisor and head of the Ford Foundation; Austin C. Clarke (b. 1934), Afro-Canadian novelist; John F. Cooke (president, The Disney Channel/Walt Disney Company); Emâilia Viotti da Costa, historian of Brazil; LaWanda F. Cox (1909-2005), historian; Lynda Lasswell Crist (Papers of Jefferson Davis); Merle Curti (1897-1997), American social and intellectual historian; Mary Seaton Dix (Papers of Jefferson Davis); Stanley L. Engerman (b. 1936), economic historian; Karen E. Fields, director, Frederick Douglass Institute for African and African-Americans Studies, University of Rochester; Michael W. Fitzgerald (b. 1956), historian; Harold E. Ford [Harold Eugene Ford, Sr., b.1945], U. S. congressman from Tennessee; Elizabeth Fox-Genovese (1941-2007), historian; John Hope Franklin (1915-2009), American historian; George M. Fredrickson (b. 1934), historian; Eugene D. Genovese (1930-2012), historian; Henry Louis \"Skip\" Gates Jr. (b. 1950); A. Bartlett Giamatti (1938-1989), Yale president (and later commissioner of Major League Baseball); Herbert Gutman (1928-1985), historian; Stephen Hahn (b. 1950), Faulkner scholar; Vincent Harding (b. 1931), historian; Nathan Hare (b. 1933), sociologist, psychotherapist, and a founder of the Black Studies movement; Darlene Clark Hine (b. 1947), historian; Alton Hornsby (Journal of Negro History); C. Stuart McGehee, historian; Ron \"Maulana\" Karenga (b. 1941), a leader of the Black Studies movement and founder of Kwanzaa, a cultural celebration of African-American culture and community; Lauranett Lee (later curator of African American History, Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, Virginia); James T. McIntosh (Papers of Jefferson Davis); Pauline Maier (b. 1938), professor of American History, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; August Meier (1923-2003), historian; Nell Irvin Painter (b. 1942), historian; Lewis C. Perry (b. 1938), historian and editor of The Journal of American History; Edwin S. Redkey (b. 1931), American historian; Joseph Reidy (b. 1948); Dan Roberts, University of Richmond; Leslie S. Rowland, historian; William Scarborough, historian, University of Southern Mississippi; Daryl M. Scott (later a Howard University professor of history and vice president for programs, and member of the Association for the Study of African American Life and History's executive council); Robert Brent Toplin (b. 1940), American historian; Edmund S. Wehrle, University of Connecticut; C. Vann Woodward (1908-1999), American historian; Karen L. Wysocki,  and, Whitney Moore Young Jr. (1921-1971), executive director of the National Urban League, Inc., and American civil rights leader.","As to be expected, there is correspondence with several University of Virginia colleagues: Edward L. Ayers (b. 1953), Corcoran Department of History; William A. Elwood (1932-2002), professor of English and associate dean of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences; Edwin E. Floyd, dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences; Matthew Holden, Jr. (b. 1931), Henry L. and Grace M. Doherty Professor, Woodrow Wilson Department of Government and Foreign Affairs; Michael F. Holt, Corcoran Department of History; Ervin L. Jordan Jr. (b. 1954), Special Collections Department, Alderman Library; Robert O'Neil, president of the University of Virginia; Nathan Alexander Scott, Jr. (1925-2006), Commonwealth Professor of Religious Studies; Jeanne Maddox Toungara, Corcoran Department of History, and, Theresa M. Towner, Department of English.","Prominent persons mentioned in the collection include: Howard K. Beale (1897-1959), a University of North Carolina historian; Reginald Butler, Corcoran Department of History, and Robinson's successor as director of the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African studies; Lawrence Chisolm, historian, State University of New York at Buffalo; Robert R. Church [Robert Reed Church, Sr.] (1839-1912), business leader and the South's first African-American millionaire; Eldridge Cleaver (1935-1998), a founder of the Black Panther Party; Harold Cruse (1916-2005), historian and proponent of Black Studies; Philip D. Curtin (b. 1922), historian; Robert Dahl (b. 1915), Yale political scientist; St. Clair Drake (1911-1990), sociologist, anthropologist and educator; Alex Dupuy, historian of Haiti; Drew Gilpin Faust (b. 1947), American historian; Robert W. Fogel (b. 1926), American historian; Vivian V. Gordon (1934-1995), sociologist; Martin Kilson, Jr., political scientist, Harvard University; James Armistead Lafayette (1760-1832), African-American slave and spy; Alan Lomax (1915-2002), folklorist and musicologist; Gerald A. McWorter, political scientist, Spelman College, and a founder of the Black Studies movement; Sidney W. Mintz (b. 1922), anthropologist; Boniface I. Obichere (1933-1997), historian; Donald Ogilvie (Yale student); Dorothy B. Porter [Dorothy Porter Wesley]; Alvin Poussaint (b. 1934), psychiatrist; Paul L. Puryear (1930-2010), dean of the Office of Afro-American Affairs, University of Virginia; John T. Schlotterbeck (b. 1948), historian; Henry Taylor, Jr. (b. 1928), educator and psychoanalyst; William Shockley (1910-1989), American physicist and eugenicist; F. (Frederick) Palmer Weber (1914-1986), labor and civil rights activist; Charles Harris Wesley (1891-1987), an African-American historian; Bell Irwin Wiley (1906-1980), American Civil War historian; Carter G. Woodson (1875-1950), \"the Father of Negro History,\" and George Carlton Wright, vice provost of the University of Texas at Austin.","The collection has been organized into six series: Corespondence, Academic Career, Topical Files, Research Materials, Writings and Publications, and Oversize materails."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeveral folders of \"Research Materials: Civil War\" in Boxes 12-14 include photocopies of materials from various research and academic institutions; researchers should note that most do not permit the reproduction of their materials held by other institutions without their express written permission.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Several folders of \"Research Materials: Civil War\" in Boxes 12-14 include photocopies of materials from various research and academic institutions; researchers should note that most do not permit the reproduction of their materials held by other institutions without their express written permission."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"persname_ssim":["Robinson, Armstead L., 1947-1995"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Robinson, Armstead L., 1947-1995"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":71,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:41:18.571Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_595_c03_c05"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_595_c04_c01","type":"Box","attributes":{"title":"Topical files; Research material, 1937/1994","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_595_c04_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_595_c04_c01","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_3_resources_595_c04_c01"],"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_595_c04_c01","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_595","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_595","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_595_c04","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_595_c04","parent_ssim":["Armstead L. Robinson papers, 1848/2001, bulk 1967/1992","Research Materials"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_3_resources_595","viu_repositories_3_resources_595_c04"],"title_filing_ssi":"Topical files; Research material","title_ssm":["Topical files; Research material"],"title_tesim":["Topical files; Research material"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Topical files; Research material, 1937/1994"],"text":["Topical files; Research material, 1937/1994","Armstead L. Robinson papers, 1848/2001, bulk 1967/1992","Research Materials","box 11","English"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Armstead L. Robinson papers, 1848/2001, bulk 1967/1992","Research Materials"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Armstead L. 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Robinson papers, 1848/2001, bulk 1967/1992"],"extent_ssm":["1 Cubic Feet 1 c.f. box."],"extent_tesim":["1 Cubic Feet 1 c.f. box."],"containers_ssim":["box 11"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research use."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Several folders of \"Research Materials: Civil War\" in Boxes 12-14 include photocopies of materials from various research and academic institutions; researchers should note that most do not permit the reproduction of their materials held by other institutions without their express written permission."],"language_ssim":["English"],"date_range_isim":[1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994],"_nest_path_":"/components#3/components#0","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:41:18.571Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_595","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_595","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_595","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_595","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_595.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/516","title_filing_ssi":"Robinson, Armstead L., papers","title_ssm":["Armstead L. Robinson papers"],"title_tesim":["Armstead L. Robinson papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1848-2001","1967-1992"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1848-2001"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1967-1992"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1848/2001, bulk 1967/1992"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Armstead L. Robinson papers, 1848/2001, bulk 1967/1992"],"text":["Armstead L. Robinson papers, 1848/2001, bulk 1967/1992","MSS 12836","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/595","Slave trade-United States-History","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- African Americans","Slavery--United States--History--19th Century","African Americans -- Study and teaching","African Americans -- History -- 1863-1877","Audiocassettes.","letters (correspondence)","The collection is open for research use.","Original order has been preserved as much as possible; several original boxes (Boxes 15-19 [note cards] and 26-28 [1880 census schedules]) was retained because of the size of their particular contents. Items with no ostensible order have been organized with similar materials. Folders, with some exceptions, are arranged alphabetically within each series and their contents chronologically. Throughout the collection Robinson is occasionally addressed as \"ALR,\" \"Armstead Robinson,\" \"Armstead L. Robinson,\" \"Prof. Robinson,\" \"Robbie\" or \"Robby.\" Some folders abbreviate Robinson's name as \"ALR,\" particularly in Series 5; his Bitter Fruits of Bondage folders are occasionally abbreviated as \"BFOB. The collection is arranged in six series:","Series 1: Correspondence, 1967-1995 (0.5 c.f., Box 1).  This series consists of the bulk of Robinson's general correspondence, 1967-1995, but researchers should note that other correspondence is available throughout Series 2, 3, 4 and 5. Letters of interest include a letter of Whitney Moore Young Jr. of the National Urban League, promising assistance to Robinson, August 18, 1969. Much of Robinson's 1971 correspondence, while an assistant professor of Black Studies at State University of New York at Stony Brook, consists of his research inquiries relating to Black life in Memphis, Tennessee; there are also references to an accident he suffered, December 7 and 15, 1971.  There are several interesting letters during the 1980s (however, researchers should note the absence of 1982, 1988 and 1989 letters in the general \"Correspondence\" folders), especially Robinson's letter of  resignation from the University of California at Los Angeles, May 13, 1980; many of his May 1980 letters pertain to his University of Virginia faculty appointment. Also of interest: a March 26, 1981 letter from Robinson to John Wilkinson, Alumni Affairs Development, Yale University, seeking financial assistance for the daughter of  University of Virginia faculty colleague Vivian V. Gordon; November 23, 1981, to the Rector of the Board of Visitors, Virginia Commonwealth University, expressing opposition to the proposed consolidation of its library system with the school's Visual Education Services; December 9, 1981, to the editor of The Harvard Magazine, describing Robinson's role in the establishment of a Black Studies program at Yale University; March 1984 correspondence with Molefi Kete Asante (founder of Afrocentricity and a Black Studies proponent) accusing Robinson of falsely claiming to have been founding director of the Center for Afro-American Studies at the University of California at Los Angeles.","Series 2: Academic Career, 1964-1969 (4.5 c.f., Boxes 1-5).  This series is concerned with Robinson's academic career and is divided into four subseries; there is some chronological and historical overlap among the folders.\nSubseries A: Yale University (Boxes 1-3) chiefly concerns Robinson's work with the Black Student Alliance at Yale (BSAY), its 1968 symposium \"Black Studies in the University,\" and seven audiotape reel recordings of the symposium's proceedings later transcribed, published and edited by Robinson and others as Black Studies in the University: A Symposium (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1969). Symposium participants included McGeorge Bundy; Lawrence Chisolm; Harold Cruse; Robert Dahl; Nathan Hare; Ron \"Maulana\" Karenga; Martin Kilson, Jr.; Sidney W. Mintz; Boniface I. Obichere; Donald Ogilvie; Alvin Poussaint; Edwin S. Redkey; Charles Henry Taylor, Jr.; Farris Thompson, and Gerald A. McWorter.\nSubseries B: State University of New York (Box 4) is concerned with Robinson's faculty career and early interest in Black Studies. \nSubseries C: University of California at Los Angeles and the University of Rochester, New York (Box 4)includes Robinson's UCLA class lecture notes and papers while a Rochester doctoral student. \nSubseries D: University of Virginia (Boxes 4-5)represents the longest and final phase of Robinson's academic career. Included are lecture notes, syllabi, course evaluations, and various topical and subject files including folders for colleagues Matthew W. Holden Jr., Nathan A. Scott, Jr., and Jeanne Maddox Toungara; the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African Studies (researchers should note that the majority of the Woodson Institute's papers, including those during Robinson's tenure, are retained there and may not yet be available for public research); the Corcoran Department of History (with correspondence and memoranda of Edward L. Ayers and Edwin E. Floyd concerning Robinson's appointment and tenure); the Venable Lane Burial Site Task Force/Catherine \"Kitty\" Foster Homesite (a university committee Robinson co-chaired); the Office of Afro-American Affairs (1986 letters to University of Virginia president Robert O'Neil in defense of OAAA dean Paul L. Puryear and critical of the handling of his resignation as dean and the controversy surrounding it), and, the transcribed remarks of  F. (Frederick) Palmer Weber (labor and civil rights activist.","Series 3: Subject and Topical Files (Boxes 5-11) consists of alphabetized subject and topical folders of select individuals followed by those of organizations and groups.  Among the prominent correspondents (Boxes 5-7): Herbert Aptheker, Ira Berlin, LaWanda F. Cox, Stanley L. Engerman, Michael W. Fitzgerald, John Hope Franklin, Eugene D. Genovese, Herbert Gutman, Stephen Hahn, Vincent Harding, Darlene Clark Hine, C. Stuart McGehee, Pauline Maier, August Meier, Nell Irvin Painter, Lewis Perry, Edwin S. Redkey, William Scarborough, Robert Brent Toplin, Edmund S. Wehrle, and C. Vann Woodward. Folders of some of  Robinson's former students are also present.","Series 4: Research Materials (Boxes 11-32)is the collection's largest series and contains research materials, 1850-1995, on the American Civil War, African-American history, Robinson's dissertation and Bitter Fruits of Bondage book, and census projects. (His extensive census research is filed at the end of this series). The majority of nineteenth century material are photocopies. Folders are arranged alphabetically, and several contain materials cited in Bitter Fruits of Bondage. Folders of interest include: \"First Africans in Virginia (Jamestown)\" (Box 11); \"Memphis Social History Project/Memphis Leadership Project\" (Robinson's letter of June 17, 1977 describes this project as having been conceived by him in 1966, while a junior at Yale, as a history of the Black community in Memphis) (Box 12); \"Research Material: Reconstruction: Black Political Leaders in Memphis, Tennessee (city directory and census data)\" (Box 14).Census materials comprise the latter part of Series IV, and at twelve boxes are the largest groups of materials in the series and the collection (Boxes 20-32).","Series 5: Writings and Publications (Boxes 32-42)the collection's second largest series, contains Robinson's writings, publications and manuscripts of his Yale honors' thesis, University of Rochester dissertation \"Day of Jubilo\" [formerly \"Cotton, Contrabands, and Mr. Lincoln's War\"], Bitter Fruits of Bondage (Boxes 32-38), articles, book reviews, public and conference lectures. These folders are arranged alphabetically by title and chronologically within title headings. Some of Robinson's manuscripts were critiqued on his behalf by colleagues and fellow historians such as Ira Berlin, Edward L. Ayers, Michael F. Holt, Michael Johnson, Julie S. Jones, Theresa M. Towner, and Bell Irvin Wiley.","Series 6: Oversize (Oversize Box U-10) is the last for the collection. Items are arranged chronologically and include: a photostatic copy of a 1863 letter from James Seddon, Confederate secretary of war, to Jefferson Davis; two pencil and ink sketches of Carter G. Woodson; a 1994 certificate declaring Robinson an honorary citizen of Natchez, Mississippi; an incomplete numbered set of \"Images of Afro-Americans of the Emancipation Era\" (Hodges Publications); University of North Carolina Department of Geography census templates and demographic maps; photostatic copies of Civil War maps from National Archives (Washington, D.C.) record group numbers 77 and 94, and speaking engagement posters.","Armstead Louis Robinson was born on April 30, 1947 in New Orleans, Louisiana, the son of Reverend Dr. DeWitt Robinson (a Lutheran clergyman) and Ruth Dickinson Robinson. He attended segregated New Orleans public schools (Trinity Lutheran Elementary and Rivers Frederick Junior High), and Hamilton High School in Memphis, Tennessee, from which he graduated with honors in 1964.","Robinson enrolled at Yale University in 1964 as one of eighteen African-American men (out of 1,061 men admitted that year) and received a bachelor's degree in History and graduated with honors and distinction in 1969 for his Scholar of the House thesis, \"In the Aftermath of Slavery: Blacks and Reconstruction in Memphis and Shelby County, Tennessee, 1865-1870.\" As a Yale student Robinson helped create an undergraduate Black Studies program culminating in a 1968 symposium, \"Black Studies in the University,\" and co-edited the conference anthology, Black Studies in the University; A Symposium (Yale University Press, 1969), one of the first books on Black Studies. This experience led to his lifelong interest in promoting Black Studies. While at Yale, Robinson began his teaching career with a lecture series on Black History for the New Haven, Connecticut public school system as well as elementary school day sessions and junior high school evening sessions during 1966-1968.","Robinson was a member of the dean's list (1967-1969), captain of Yale's ROTC Rifle Team (1966-1968), recipient of the 1968 Von Snidren Prize for book collecting, and a member of the Black Student Alliance at Yale (BSAY). As an alumnus he served on the Yale Development Board (1983-1988), the Association of Yale Alumni Board of Governors (1981-1986), and the Yale University Council (1977-1995), of which he served as president during 1981-1986. In 1987 he was the recipient of the Yale Medal for Distinguished Service, his alma mater's highest alumni honor.","Robinson briefly attended Yale Divinity School (1968-1970) before withdrawing to become a visiting professor at Southern Illinois University, in Carbondale, Illinois (1970), an assistant professor of Africana Studies at the State University of New York, SUNY-Stony Brook, and assistant professor of Africana and Afro-American Studies, SUNY Brockport (1970-1973). Later, Robinson was a visiting scholar or professor of history at the National Humanities Center (Research Triangle Park, North Carolina), Southwestern at Memphis [now Rhodes College], and Smith College, Massachusetts (Box 10), and the University of Richmond (Box 11).","It is unknown exactly when and why Robinson decided to become a Civil War historian. While an assistant history professor at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), 1973-1980), he began work on his dissertation at the University of Rochester, New York, where he was mentored by two of America's leading historians, Stanley L. Engerman and Eugene D. Genovese. Genovese was among the scholars who early recognized Robinson's talents as a historian. In his seminal study Roll, Jordan, Roll: The World The Slaves Made (1974), Genovese cited Robinson's thesis (pp. 700n26 and 725n4) as \"'In the Aftermath of Slavery: Blacks and Reconstruction in Memphis, Tennessee, 1865-1870,' unpubl. undergraduate thesis, Yale University, 1969\" (Boxes 5, 6, 15-16, 40-41).","Robinson received a Doctorate of Philosophy with Honors from the University of Rochester in 1977 for his dissertation \"Day of Jubilo: Civil War and the Demise of Slavery in the Mississippi Valley, 1861-1865.\" In 1980 he joined the University of Virginia faculty as an associate professor in the Corcoran Department of History and was also appointed the first director of the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African Studies; as director he was the general editor of the Carter G. Woodson Series in Black Studies published by the University Press of Virginia and retained these positions until his death. In a June 25, 1980 letter to James T. McIntosh, editor of the Papers of Jefferson Davis, Robinson noted the racial and cultural significance of his Virginia appointment: \"I am happier than I can possibly express to be able to return home to the south, particularly at UVA where I am scheduled to teach . . .  I am indeed excited about the day when a southern black can teach southern and Civil War/Reconstruction history at a major southern university\" (folder \"Papers of Jefferson Davis,\" Box 12).","He served on numerous university committees during his career. At the University of California, Los Angeles, he was a member of: the Faculty Senate (1975-1979); the American Field Written Comprehensive Examination Committee (1976-1979; chairman, 1977-1979), and, the Fellowships Committee, Center for Afro-American Studies (1975-1980; chairman, 1977-1980). While at the University of Virginia he was a member of the Faculty Steering Committee for Major in Afro-American and African Studies (1980-1995); the Faculty Senate (1981-1984; 1987-1990); the Afro-American Faculty-Staff Forum (1982-1984); the Presidential Advisory Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity and Affirmative Action (1992-1995), and co-chairman, Venable Lane Burial Site Task Force/Catherine \"Kitty\" Foster Homesite (1993-1995). Other notable committee service consisted of the Planning Committee, Booker T. Washington Commemoration, Booker T. Washington National Monument (1983-1984); the Jefferson Davis Book Award Committee (1989-1991; chairman, 1991); the Abraham Lincoln Prize National Advisory Committee (1990-1995); the Afro-American Studies Advisory Committee, Princeton University (1991-1995), and the James Monroe Papers Advisory Board at Ash Lawn-Highland (1992-1997).","Robinson received numerous awards and scholarly recognitions including the Ford Foundation Fund for Distinguished Black Scholars (1971); the UCLA Faculty Career Development Award (1979-1980); the Carter G. Woodson Award, Journal of Negro History (1981); Fellow at the National Humanities and National Research Council (1984-1985); Jefferson Davis Memorial Lecturer, Museum of the Confederacy, Richmond, Virginia (1990); William Allan Neilson Research Professor, Smith College (1991-1992); Louis P. Gottschalk Memorial Lecturer, University of Louisville (1994), and the Jessie Ball DuPont Visiting Professor, University of Richmond (1994-1995). The Virginia State Library Board of Trustees issued a 1990 resolution of thanks for his service during 1984-1989 while a member of its board of trustees, and Robinson was declared an honorary citizen of Natchez, Mississippi in 1994. He was a member of several scholarly organizations including the American Historical Association, the American Studies Association, the Association for the Study of Afro-American Life and History, the Organization of American Historians, and the Southern Historical Association.","Robinson published extensively. He co-edited Black Studies in the University: A Symposium (1969) [Boxes 1-2]; The African Religious Tradition: Historiography (Associated Publishers, 1987), and New Directions in Civil Rights Studies (University Press of Virginia, 1991). His posthumous magnum opus, Bitter Fruits of Bondage: The Demise of Slavery and the Collapse of the Confederacy, 1861-1865 (University of Virginia Press, 2005), was nationally acclaimed (Boxes 32-38). The author of several articles, essays and book reviews, Robinson's most significant articles include: \"In the Shadow of Old John Brown: Insurrection Anxiety and Confederate Mobilization, 1861-1863,\" Journal of Negro History (Fall 1980) [Box 41]; \"Beyond the Realm of Social Consensus: New Meanings of Reconstruction for American History,\" The Journal of American History (September 1981) [Box 32], and, \"Reassessing the First Reconstruction: Lost Opportunity or Tragic Era,\" Reviews in American History, (March 1978) [Box 42]. He also wrote the foreword to Calder Loth's Virginia Landmarks of Black History: Sites on the Virginia Landmarks Register and the National Register of Historic Places (University Press of Virginia, 1995) [Box 42].","Robinson married Mildred (Wigfall) Ravenell, a University of Virginia law professor, at the university's Colonnade Club in 1987. He died of complications from a brain aneurysm at the University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville, on August 28, 1995, at the age of forty-eight. He was survived by his wife Mildred and their daughter Allison; his mother Ruth Robinson; his sisters DeWittress Taylor and Miriam Elmore and a brother, Llewlyn Robinson; two stepchildren, and a host of nieces, nephews and relatives. After a funeral on September 5, 1995, Robinson was interred at Cross of Cavalry Lutheran Church Cemetery in Memphis, Tennessee. A two-hour memorial \"Service of Thanksgiving,\" attended by nearly 500 colleagues, family and friends, was held on September 29, 1995 at the University of Virginia's Old Cabell Hall auditorium. The Armstead L. Robinson Fellowship Fund was established at the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African Studies in his memory.","The Armstead L. Robinson papers(1848-2001; 43 cubic feet) consist of audiotapes; book reviews; census material; computer printouts; conference papers; correspondence; biographical information; instructional material; lectures and speeches; manuscripts and original writings by Robinson, his colleagues and students; maps; memorabilia; microfilm; organizational and professional files; photographs; printed items, and research and topical files. Most of the nineteenth century material is in the form of photocopies.","The scope of this collection is national. Professor Robinson's papers are reflective of the life and career of a nationally active professional historian and educator. Topics of interest include: African-American history; African-American life in Memphis and Shelby County, Tennessee, 1840s-1880s; life as an African-American student at Yale University during the 1960s; the development of Black Studies during the 1960s; life as an African-American faculty member at the State University of New York (SUNY), the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), and the University of Virginia during the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s; slavery in the Confederacy; the nineteenth century American South, especially during the Civil War and Reconstruction; and the modern Civil Rights Movement. Several organizations of interest to Robinson include but are not limited to: Antioch College; Association for the Study of Negro Life and History (Association for the Study of Afro-American Life and History); the Black Student Alliance at Yale (BSAY); the Booker T. Washington National Monument; Corporate/Community Schools of America; the Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial Center and Institute of the Black World; National Humanities Center (Research Triangle Park, North Carolina); Papers of Jefferson Davis; the University of California, Berkeley; the University of California at Los Angeles; the University of Rochester; the University of Virginia; the Virginia State Library Board, and Yale University.","Robinson corresponded with numerous fellow scholars, historians and prominent persons: Herbert Aptheker (1915-2003), historian; Molefi Kete Asante (b. 1942), founder of Afrocentricity and proponent of Black Studies; Ira Berlin (b. 1941), American historian; John B. Boles (b. 1943), historian and managing editor, Journal of Southern History; F. N. Boney, historian; Arna Wendell Bontemps (1902-1973), educator, librarian and Harlem Renaissance novelist; McGeorge Bundy (1919–1996), United States National Security Advisor and head of the Ford Foundation; Austin C. Clarke (b. 1934), Afro-Canadian novelist; John F. Cooke (president, The Disney Channel/Walt Disney Company); Emâilia Viotti da Costa, historian of Brazil; LaWanda F. Cox (1909-2005), historian; Lynda Lasswell Crist (Papers of Jefferson Davis); Merle Curti (1897-1997), American social and intellectual historian; Mary Seaton Dix (Papers of Jefferson Davis); Stanley L. Engerman (b. 1936), economic historian; Karen E. Fields, director, Frederick Douglass Institute for African and African-Americans Studies, University of Rochester; Michael W. Fitzgerald (b. 1956), historian; Harold E. Ford [Harold Eugene Ford, Sr., b.1945], U. S. congressman from Tennessee; Elizabeth Fox-Genovese (1941-2007), historian; John Hope Franklin (1915-2009), American historian; George M. Fredrickson (b. 1934), historian; Eugene D. Genovese (1930-2012), historian; Henry Louis \"Skip\" Gates Jr. (b. 1950); A. Bartlett Giamatti (1938-1989), Yale president (and later commissioner of Major League Baseball); Herbert Gutman (1928-1985), historian; Stephen Hahn (b. 1950), Faulkner scholar; Vincent Harding (b. 1931), historian; Nathan Hare (b. 1933), sociologist, psychotherapist, and a founder of the Black Studies movement; Darlene Clark Hine (b. 1947), historian; Alton Hornsby (Journal of Negro History); C. Stuart McGehee, historian; Ron \"Maulana\" Karenga (b. 1941), a leader of the Black Studies movement and founder of Kwanzaa, a cultural celebration of African-American culture and community; Lauranett Lee (later curator of African American History, Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, Virginia); James T. McIntosh (Papers of Jefferson Davis); Pauline Maier (b. 1938), professor of American History, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; August Meier (1923-2003), historian; Nell Irvin Painter (b. 1942), historian; Lewis C. Perry (b. 1938), historian and editor of The Journal of American History; Edwin S. Redkey (b. 1931), American historian; Joseph Reidy (b. 1948); Dan Roberts, University of Richmond; Leslie S. Rowland, historian; William Scarborough, historian, University of Southern Mississippi; Daryl M. Scott (later a Howard University professor of history and vice president for programs, and member of the Association for the Study of African American Life and History's executive council); Robert Brent Toplin (b. 1940), American historian; Edmund S. Wehrle, University of Connecticut; C. Vann Woodward (1908-1999), American historian; Karen L. Wysocki,  and, Whitney Moore Young Jr. (1921-1971), executive director of the National Urban League, Inc., and American civil rights leader.","As to be expected, there is correspondence with several University of Virginia colleagues: Edward L. Ayers (b. 1953), Corcoran Department of History; William A. Elwood (1932-2002), professor of English and associate dean of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences; Edwin E. Floyd, dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences; Matthew Holden, Jr. (b. 1931), Henry L. and Grace M. Doherty Professor, Woodrow Wilson Department of Government and Foreign Affairs; Michael F. Holt, Corcoran Department of History; Ervin L. Jordan Jr. (b. 1954), Special Collections Department, Alderman Library; Robert O'Neil, president of the University of Virginia; Nathan Alexander Scott, Jr. (1925-2006), Commonwealth Professor of Religious Studies; Jeanne Maddox Toungara, Corcoran Department of History, and, Theresa M. Towner, Department of English.","Prominent persons mentioned in the collection include: Howard K. Beale (1897-1959), a University of North Carolina historian; Reginald Butler, Corcoran Department of History, and Robinson's successor as director of the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African studies; Lawrence Chisolm, historian, State University of New York at Buffalo; Robert R. Church [Robert Reed Church, Sr.] (1839-1912), business leader and the South's first African-American millionaire; Eldridge Cleaver (1935-1998), a founder of the Black Panther Party; Harold Cruse (1916-2005), historian and proponent of Black Studies; Philip D. Curtin (b. 1922), historian; Robert Dahl (b. 1915), Yale political scientist; St. Clair Drake (1911-1990), sociologist, anthropologist and educator; Alex Dupuy, historian of Haiti; Drew Gilpin Faust (b. 1947), American historian; Robert W. Fogel (b. 1926), American historian; Vivian V. Gordon (1934-1995), sociologist; Martin Kilson, Jr., political scientist, Harvard University; James Armistead Lafayette (1760-1832), African-American slave and spy; Alan Lomax (1915-2002), folklorist and musicologist; Gerald A. McWorter, political scientist, Spelman College, and a founder of the Black Studies movement; Sidney W. Mintz (b. 1922), anthropologist; Boniface I. Obichere (1933-1997), historian; Donald Ogilvie (Yale student); Dorothy B. Porter [Dorothy Porter Wesley]; Alvin Poussaint (b. 1934), psychiatrist; Paul L. Puryear (1930-2010), dean of the Office of Afro-American Affairs, University of Virginia; John T. Schlotterbeck (b. 1948), historian; Henry Taylor, Jr. (b. 1928), educator and psychoanalyst; William Shockley (1910-1989), American physicist and eugenicist; F. (Frederick) Palmer Weber (1914-1986), labor and civil rights activist; Charles Harris Wesley (1891-1987), an African-American historian; Bell Irwin Wiley (1906-1980), American Civil War historian; Carter G. Woodson (1875-1950), \"the Father of Negro History,\" and George Carlton Wright, vice provost of the University of Texas at Austin.","The collection has been organized into six series: Corespondence, Academic Career, Topical Files, Research Materials, Writings and Publications, and Oversize materails.","Several folders of \"Research Materials: Civil War\" in Boxes 12-14 include photocopies of materials from various research and academic institutions; researchers should note that most do not permit the reproduction of their materials held by other institutions without their express written permission.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Robinson, Armstead L., 1947-1995","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Armstead L. Robinson papers, 1848/2001, bulk 1967/1992"],"collection_ssim":["Armstead L. Robinson papers, 1848/2001, bulk 1967/1992"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["File","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 12836","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/595"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 12836","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/595"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Slave trade-United States-History","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- African Americans"],"geogname_ssim":["Slave trade-United States-History","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- African Americans"],"places_ssim":["Slave trade-United States-History","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- African Americans"],"creator_ssm":["Robinson, Armstead L., 1947-1995"],"creator_ssim":["Robinson, Armstead L., 1947-1995"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Robinson, Armstead L., 1947-1995"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creators_ssim":["Robinson, Armstead L., 1947-1995","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"access_terms_ssm":["Several folders of \"Research Materials: Civil War\" in Boxes 12-14 include photocopies of materials from various research and academic institutions; researchers should note that most do not permit the reproduction of their materials held by other institutions without their express written permission."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Prof. Mildred W. Robinson, 12 June 2003;  \nTransfer by University of Virginia Press acquisitions editor Richard K. Holway, 9 August 2005; Tranfer by Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African Studies, 2 October 2008."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Slavery--United States--History--19th Century","African Americans -- Study and teaching","African Americans -- History -- 1863-1877","Audiocassettes.","letters (correspondence)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Slavery--United States--History--19th Century","African Americans -- Study and teaching","African Americans -- History -- 1863-1877","Audiocassettes.","letters (correspondence)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["38 Cubic Feet 34 cubic boxes, 5 card file boxes, 3 clamshell boxes, and 1 oversize box"],"extent_tesim":["38 Cubic Feet 34 cubic boxes, 5 card file boxes, 3 clamshell boxes, and 1 oversize box"],"genreform_ssim":["Audiocassettes.","letters (correspondence)"],"date_range_isim":[1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOriginal order has been preserved as much as possible; several original boxes (Boxes 15-19 [note cards] and 26-28 [1880 census schedules]) was retained because of the size of their particular contents. Items with no ostensible order have been organized with similar materials. Folders, with some exceptions, are arranged alphabetically within each series and their contents chronologically. Throughout the collection Robinson is occasionally addressed as \"ALR,\" \"Armstead Robinson,\" \"Armstead L. Robinson,\" \"Prof. Robinson,\" \"Robbie\" or \"Robby.\" Some folders abbreviate Robinson's name as \"ALR,\" particularly in Series 5; his Bitter Fruits of Bondage folders are occasionally abbreviated as \"BFOB. The collection is arranged in six series:\u003c/p\u003e \n    \n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Correspondence, 1967-1995 (0.5 c.f., Box 1).  This series consists of the bulk of Robinson's general correspondence, 1967-1995, but researchers should note that other correspondence is available throughout Series 2, 3, 4 and 5. Letters of interest include a letter of Whitney Moore Young Jr. of the National Urban League, promising assistance to Robinson, August 18, 1969. Much of Robinson's 1971 correspondence, while an assistant professor of Black Studies at State University of New York at Stony Brook, consists of his research inquiries relating to Black life in Memphis, Tennessee; there are also references to an accident he suffered, December 7 and 15, 1971.  There are several interesting letters during the 1980s (however, researchers should note the absence of 1982, 1988 and 1989 letters in the general \"Correspondence\" folders), especially Robinson's letter of  resignation from the University of California at Los Angeles, May 13, 1980; many of his May 1980 letters pertain to his University of Virginia faculty appointment. Also of interest: a March 26, 1981 letter from Robinson to John Wilkinson, Alumni Affairs Development, Yale University, seeking financial assistance for the daughter of  University of Virginia faculty colleague Vivian V. Gordon; November 23, 1981, to the Rector of the Board of Visitors, Virginia Commonwealth University, expressing opposition to the proposed consolidation of its library system with the school's Visual Education Services; December 9, 1981, to the editor of The Harvard Magazine, describing Robinson's role in the establishment of a Black Studies program at Yale University; March 1984 correspondence with Molefi Kete Asante (founder of Afrocentricity and a Black Studies proponent) accusing Robinson of falsely claiming to have been founding director of the Center for Afro-American Studies at the University of California at Los Angeles.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Academic Career, 1964-1969 (4.5 c.f., Boxes 1-5).  This series is concerned with Robinson's academic career and is divided into four subseries; there is some chronological and historical overlap among the folders.\nSubseries A: Yale University (Boxes 1-3) chiefly concerns Robinson's work with the Black Student Alliance at Yale (BSAY), its 1968 symposium \"Black Studies in the University,\" and seven audiotape reel recordings of the symposium's proceedings later transcribed, published and edited by Robinson and others as Black Studies in the University: A Symposium (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1969). Symposium participants included McGeorge Bundy; Lawrence Chisolm; Harold Cruse; Robert Dahl; Nathan Hare; Ron \"Maulana\" Karenga; Martin Kilson, Jr.; Sidney W. Mintz; Boniface I. Obichere; Donald Ogilvie; Alvin Poussaint; Edwin S. Redkey; Charles Henry Taylor, Jr.; Farris Thompson, and Gerald A. McWorter.\nSubseries B: State University of New York (Box 4) is concerned with Robinson's faculty career and early interest in Black Studies. \nSubseries C: University of California at Los Angeles and the University of Rochester, New York (Box 4)includes Robinson's UCLA class lecture notes and papers while a Rochester doctoral student. \nSubseries D: University of Virginia (Boxes 4-5)represents the longest and final phase of Robinson's academic career. Included are lecture notes, syllabi, course evaluations, and various topical and subject files including folders for colleagues Matthew W. Holden Jr., Nathan A. Scott, Jr., and Jeanne Maddox Toungara; the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African Studies (researchers should note that the majority of the Woodson Institute's papers, including those during Robinson's tenure, are retained there and may not yet be available for public research); the Corcoran Department of History (with correspondence and memoranda of Edward L. Ayers and Edwin E. Floyd concerning Robinson's appointment and tenure); the Venable Lane Burial Site Task Force/Catherine \"Kitty\" Foster Homesite (a university committee Robinson co-chaired); the Office of Afro-American Affairs (1986 letters to University of Virginia president Robert O'Neil in defense of OAAA dean Paul L. Puryear and critical of the handling of his resignation as dean and the controversy surrounding it), and, the transcribed remarks of  F. (Frederick) Palmer Weber (labor and civil rights activist.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Subject and Topical Files (Boxes 5-11) consists of alphabetized subject and topical folders of select individuals followed by those of organizations and groups.  Among the prominent correspondents (Boxes 5-7): Herbert Aptheker, Ira Berlin, LaWanda F. Cox, Stanley L. Engerman, Michael W. Fitzgerald, John Hope Franklin, Eugene D. Genovese, Herbert Gutman, Stephen Hahn, Vincent Harding, Darlene Clark Hine, C. Stuart McGehee, Pauline Maier, August Meier, Nell Irvin Painter, Lewis Perry, Edwin S. Redkey, William Scarborough, Robert Brent Toplin, Edmund S. Wehrle, and C. Vann Woodward. Folders of some of  Robinson's former students are also present.\n  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Research Materials (Boxes 11-32)is the collection's largest series and contains research materials, 1850-1995, on the American Civil War, African-American history, Robinson's dissertation and Bitter Fruits of Bondage book, and census projects. (His extensive census research is filed at the end of this series). The majority of nineteenth century material are photocopies. Folders are arranged alphabetically, and several contain materials cited in Bitter Fruits of Bondage. Folders of interest include: \"First Africans in Virginia (Jamestown)\" (Box 11); \"Memphis Social History Project/Memphis Leadership Project\" (Robinson's letter of June 17, 1977 describes this project as having been conceived by him in 1966, while a junior at Yale, as a history of the Black community in Memphis) (Box 12); \"Research Material: Reconstruction: Black Political Leaders in Memphis, Tennessee (city directory and census data)\" (Box 14).Census materials comprise the latter part of Series IV, and at twelve boxes are the largest groups of materials in the series and the collection (Boxes 20-32).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Writings and Publications (Boxes 32-42)the collection's second largest series, contains Robinson's writings, publications and manuscripts of his Yale honors' thesis, University of Rochester dissertation \"Day of Jubilo\" [formerly \"Cotton, Contrabands, and Mr. Lincoln's War\"], Bitter Fruits of Bondage (Boxes 32-38), articles, book reviews, public and conference lectures. These folders are arranged alphabetically by title and chronologically within title headings. Some of Robinson's manuscripts were critiqued on his behalf by colleagues and fellow historians such as Ira Berlin, Edward L. Ayers, Michael F. Holt, Michael Johnson, Julie S. Jones, Theresa M. Towner, and Bell Irvin Wiley.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6: Oversize (Oversize Box U-10) is the last for the collection. Items are arranged chronologically and include: a photostatic copy of a 1863 letter from James Seddon, Confederate secretary of war, to Jefferson Davis; two pencil and ink sketches of Carter G. Woodson; a 1994 certificate declaring Robinson an honorary citizen of Natchez, Mississippi; an incomplete numbered set of \"Images of Afro-Americans of the Emancipation Era\" (Hodges Publications); University of North Carolina Department of Geography census templates and demographic maps; photostatic copies of Civil War maps from National Archives (Washington, D.C.) record group numbers 77 and 94, and speaking engagement posters.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Original order has been preserved as much as possible; several original boxes (Boxes 15-19 [note cards] and 26-28 [1880 census schedules]) was retained because of the size of their particular contents. Items with no ostensible order have been organized with similar materials. Folders, with some exceptions, are arranged alphabetically within each series and their contents chronologically. Throughout the collection Robinson is occasionally addressed as \"ALR,\" \"Armstead Robinson,\" \"Armstead L. Robinson,\" \"Prof. Robinson,\" \"Robbie\" or \"Robby.\" Some folders abbreviate Robinson's name as \"ALR,\" particularly in Series 5; his Bitter Fruits of Bondage folders are occasionally abbreviated as \"BFOB. The collection is arranged in six series:","Series 1: Correspondence, 1967-1995 (0.5 c.f., Box 1).  This series consists of the bulk of Robinson's general correspondence, 1967-1995, but researchers should note that other correspondence is available throughout Series 2, 3, 4 and 5. Letters of interest include a letter of Whitney Moore Young Jr. of the National Urban League, promising assistance to Robinson, August 18, 1969. Much of Robinson's 1971 correspondence, while an assistant professor of Black Studies at State University of New York at Stony Brook, consists of his research inquiries relating to Black life in Memphis, Tennessee; there are also references to an accident he suffered, December 7 and 15, 1971.  There are several interesting letters during the 1980s (however, researchers should note the absence of 1982, 1988 and 1989 letters in the general \"Correspondence\" folders), especially Robinson's letter of  resignation from the University of California at Los Angeles, May 13, 1980; many of his May 1980 letters pertain to his University of Virginia faculty appointment. Also of interest: a March 26, 1981 letter from Robinson to John Wilkinson, Alumni Affairs Development, Yale University, seeking financial assistance for the daughter of  University of Virginia faculty colleague Vivian V. Gordon; November 23, 1981, to the Rector of the Board of Visitors, Virginia Commonwealth University, expressing opposition to the proposed consolidation of its library system with the school's Visual Education Services; December 9, 1981, to the editor of The Harvard Magazine, describing Robinson's role in the establishment of a Black Studies program at Yale University; March 1984 correspondence with Molefi Kete Asante (founder of Afrocentricity and a Black Studies proponent) accusing Robinson of falsely claiming to have been founding director of the Center for Afro-American Studies at the University of California at Los Angeles.","Series 2: Academic Career, 1964-1969 (4.5 c.f., Boxes 1-5).  This series is concerned with Robinson's academic career and is divided into four subseries; there is some chronological and historical overlap among the folders.\nSubseries A: Yale University (Boxes 1-3) chiefly concerns Robinson's work with the Black Student Alliance at Yale (BSAY), its 1968 symposium \"Black Studies in the University,\" and seven audiotape reel recordings of the symposium's proceedings later transcribed, published and edited by Robinson and others as Black Studies in the University: A Symposium (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1969). Symposium participants included McGeorge Bundy; Lawrence Chisolm; Harold Cruse; Robert Dahl; Nathan Hare; Ron \"Maulana\" Karenga; Martin Kilson, Jr.; Sidney W. Mintz; Boniface I. Obichere; Donald Ogilvie; Alvin Poussaint; Edwin S. Redkey; Charles Henry Taylor, Jr.; Farris Thompson, and Gerald A. McWorter.\nSubseries B: State University of New York (Box 4) is concerned with Robinson's faculty career and early interest in Black Studies. \nSubseries C: University of California at Los Angeles and the University of Rochester, New York (Box 4)includes Robinson's UCLA class lecture notes and papers while a Rochester doctoral student. \nSubseries D: University of Virginia (Boxes 4-5)represents the longest and final phase of Robinson's academic career. Included are lecture notes, syllabi, course evaluations, and various topical and subject files including folders for colleagues Matthew W. Holden Jr., Nathan A. Scott, Jr., and Jeanne Maddox Toungara; the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African Studies (researchers should note that the majority of the Woodson Institute's papers, including those during Robinson's tenure, are retained there and may not yet be available for public research); the Corcoran Department of History (with correspondence and memoranda of Edward L. Ayers and Edwin E. Floyd concerning Robinson's appointment and tenure); the Venable Lane Burial Site Task Force/Catherine \"Kitty\" Foster Homesite (a university committee Robinson co-chaired); the Office of Afro-American Affairs (1986 letters to University of Virginia president Robert O'Neil in defense of OAAA dean Paul L. Puryear and critical of the handling of his resignation as dean and the controversy surrounding it), and, the transcribed remarks of  F. (Frederick) Palmer Weber (labor and civil rights activist.","Series 3: Subject and Topical Files (Boxes 5-11) consists of alphabetized subject and topical folders of select individuals followed by those of organizations and groups.  Among the prominent correspondents (Boxes 5-7): Herbert Aptheker, Ira Berlin, LaWanda F. Cox, Stanley L. Engerman, Michael W. Fitzgerald, John Hope Franklin, Eugene D. Genovese, Herbert Gutman, Stephen Hahn, Vincent Harding, Darlene Clark Hine, C. Stuart McGehee, Pauline Maier, August Meier, Nell Irvin Painter, Lewis Perry, Edwin S. Redkey, William Scarborough, Robert Brent Toplin, Edmund S. Wehrle, and C. Vann Woodward. Folders of some of  Robinson's former students are also present.","Series 4: Research Materials (Boxes 11-32)is the collection's largest series and contains research materials, 1850-1995, on the American Civil War, African-American history, Robinson's dissertation and Bitter Fruits of Bondage book, and census projects. (His extensive census research is filed at the end of this series). The majority of nineteenth century material are photocopies. Folders are arranged alphabetically, and several contain materials cited in Bitter Fruits of Bondage. Folders of interest include: \"First Africans in Virginia (Jamestown)\" (Box 11); \"Memphis Social History Project/Memphis Leadership Project\" (Robinson's letter of June 17, 1977 describes this project as having been conceived by him in 1966, while a junior at Yale, as a history of the Black community in Memphis) (Box 12); \"Research Material: Reconstruction: Black Political Leaders in Memphis, Tennessee (city directory and census data)\" (Box 14).Census materials comprise the latter part of Series IV, and at twelve boxes are the largest groups of materials in the series and the collection (Boxes 20-32).","Series 5: Writings and Publications (Boxes 32-42)the collection's second largest series, contains Robinson's writings, publications and manuscripts of his Yale honors' thesis, University of Rochester dissertation \"Day of Jubilo\" [formerly \"Cotton, Contrabands, and Mr. Lincoln's War\"], Bitter Fruits of Bondage (Boxes 32-38), articles, book reviews, public and conference lectures. These folders are arranged alphabetically by title and chronologically within title headings. Some of Robinson's manuscripts were critiqued on his behalf by colleagues and fellow historians such as Ira Berlin, Edward L. Ayers, Michael F. Holt, Michael Johnson, Julie S. Jones, Theresa M. Towner, and Bell Irvin Wiley.","Series 6: Oversize (Oversize Box U-10) is the last for the collection. Items are arranged chronologically and include: a photostatic copy of a 1863 letter from James Seddon, Confederate secretary of war, to Jefferson Davis; two pencil and ink sketches of Carter G. Woodson; a 1994 certificate declaring Robinson an honorary citizen of Natchez, Mississippi; an incomplete numbered set of \"Images of Afro-Americans of the Emancipation Era\" (Hodges Publications); University of North Carolina Department of Geography census templates and demographic maps; photostatic copies of Civil War maps from National Archives (Washington, D.C.) record group numbers 77 and 94, and speaking engagement posters."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArmstead Louis Robinson was born on April 30, 1947 in New Orleans, Louisiana, the son of Reverend Dr. DeWitt Robinson (a Lutheran clergyman) and Ruth Dickinson Robinson. He attended segregated New Orleans public schools (Trinity Lutheran Elementary and Rivers Frederick Junior High), and Hamilton High School in Memphis, Tennessee, from which he graduated with honors in 1964.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n","\u003cp\u003eRobinson enrolled at Yale University in 1964 as one of eighteen African-American men (out of 1,061 men admitted that year) and received a bachelor's degree in History and graduated with honors and distinction in 1969 for his Scholar of the House thesis, \"In the Aftermath of Slavery: Blacks and Reconstruction in Memphis and Shelby County, Tennessee, 1865-1870.\" As a Yale student Robinson helped create an undergraduate Black Studies program culminating in a 1968 symposium, \"Black Studies in the University,\" and co-edited the conference anthology, Black Studies in the University; A Symposium (Yale University Press, 1969), one of the first books on Black Studies. This experience led to his lifelong interest in promoting Black Studies. While at Yale, Robinson began his teaching career with a lecture series on Black History for the New Haven, Connecticut public school system as well as elementary school day sessions and junior high school evening sessions during 1966-1968.\u003c/p\u003e\n    \n\n","\u003cp\u003eRobinson was a member of the dean's list (1967-1969), captain of Yale's ROTC Rifle Team (1966-1968), recipient of the 1968 Von Snidren Prize for book collecting, and a member of the Black Student Alliance at Yale (BSAY). As an alumnus he served on the Yale Development Board (1983-1988), the Association of Yale Alumni Board of Governors (1981-1986), and the Yale University Council (1977-1995), of which he served as president during 1981-1986. In 1987 he was the recipient of the Yale Medal for Distinguished Service, his alma mater's highest alumni honor. \u003c/p\u003e\n    \n\n","\u003cp\u003eRobinson briefly attended Yale Divinity School (1968-1970) before withdrawing to become a visiting professor at Southern Illinois University, in Carbondale, Illinois (1970), an assistant professor of Africana Studies at the State University of New York, SUNY-Stony Brook, and assistant professor of Africana and Afro-American Studies, SUNY Brockport (1970-1973). Later, Robinson was a visiting scholar or professor of history at the National Humanities Center (Research Triangle Park, North Carolina), Southwestern at Memphis [now Rhodes College], and Smith College, Massachusetts (Box 10), and the University of Richmond (Box 11).\u003c/p\u003e\n    \n\n","\u003cp\u003eIt is unknown exactly when and why Robinson decided to become a Civil War historian. While an assistant history professor at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), 1973-1980), he began work on his dissertation at the University of Rochester, New York, where he was mentored by two of America's leading historians, Stanley L. Engerman and Eugene D. Genovese. Genovese was among the scholars who early recognized Robinson's talents as a historian. In his seminal study Roll, Jordan, Roll: The World The Slaves Made (1974), Genovese cited Robinson's thesis (pp. 700n26 and 725n4) as \"'In the Aftermath of Slavery: Blacks and Reconstruction in Memphis, Tennessee, 1865-1870,' unpubl. undergraduate thesis, Yale University, 1969\" (Boxes 5, 6, 15-16, 40-41). \u003c/p\u003e\n    \n\n","\u003cp\u003eRobinson received a Doctorate of Philosophy with Honors from the University of Rochester in 1977 for his dissertation \"Day of Jubilo: Civil War and the Demise of Slavery in the Mississippi Valley, 1861-1865.\" In 1980 he joined the University of Virginia faculty as an associate professor in the Corcoran Department of History and was also appointed the first director of the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African Studies; as director he was the general editor of the Carter G. Woodson Series in Black Studies published by the University Press of Virginia and retained these positions until his death. In a June 25, 1980 letter to James T. McIntosh, editor of the Papers of Jefferson Davis, Robinson noted the racial and cultural significance of his Virginia appointment: \"I am happier than I can possibly express to be able to return home to the south, particularly at UVA where I am scheduled to teach . . .  I am indeed excited about the day when a southern black can teach southern and Civil War/Reconstruction history at a major southern university\" (folder \"Papers of Jefferson Davis,\" Box 12). \u003c/p\u003e  \n    \n\n","\u003cp\u003eHe served on numerous university committees during his career. At the University of California, Los Angeles, he was a member of: the Faculty Senate (1975-1979); the American Field Written Comprehensive Examination Committee (1976-1979; chairman, 1977-1979), and, the Fellowships Committee, Center for Afro-American Studies (1975-1980; chairman, 1977-1980). While at the University of Virginia he was a member of the Faculty Steering Committee for Major in Afro-American and African Studies (1980-1995); the Faculty Senate (1981-1984; 1987-1990); the Afro-American Faculty-Staff Forum (1982-1984); the Presidential Advisory Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity and Affirmative Action (1992-1995), and co-chairman, Venable Lane Burial Site Task Force/Catherine \"Kitty\" Foster Homesite (1993-1995). Other notable committee service consisted of the Planning Committee, Booker T. Washington Commemoration, Booker T. Washington National Monument (1983-1984); the Jefferson Davis Book Award Committee (1989-1991; chairman, 1991); the Abraham Lincoln Prize National Advisory Committee (1990-1995); the Afro-American Studies Advisory Committee, Princeton University (1991-1995), and the James Monroe Papers Advisory Board at Ash Lawn-Highland (1992-1997).\u003c/p\u003e\n    \n\n","\u003cp\u003eRobinson received numerous awards and scholarly recognitions including the Ford Foundation Fund for Distinguished Black Scholars (1971); the UCLA Faculty Career Development Award (1979-1980); the Carter G. Woodson Award, Journal of Negro History (1981); Fellow at the National Humanities and National Research Council (1984-1985); Jefferson Davis Memorial Lecturer, Museum of the Confederacy, Richmond, Virginia (1990); William Allan Neilson Research Professor, Smith College (1991-1992); Louis P. Gottschalk Memorial Lecturer, University of Louisville (1994), and the Jessie Ball DuPont Visiting Professor, University of Richmond (1994-1995). The Virginia State Library Board of Trustees issued a 1990 resolution of thanks for his service during 1984-1989 while a member of its board of trustees, and Robinson was declared an honorary citizen of Natchez, Mississippi in 1994. He was a member of several scholarly organizations including the American Historical Association, the American Studies Association, the Association for the Study of Afro-American Life and History, the Organization of American Historians, and the Southern Historical Association.\u003c/p\u003e\n    \n\n","\u003cp\u003eRobinson published extensively. He co-edited Black Studies in the University: A Symposium (1969) [Boxes 1-2]; The African Religious Tradition: Historiography (Associated Publishers, 1987), and New Directions in Civil Rights Studies (University Press of Virginia, 1991). His posthumous magnum opus, Bitter Fruits of Bondage: The Demise of Slavery and the Collapse of the Confederacy, 1861-1865 (University of Virginia Press, 2005), was nationally acclaimed (Boxes 32-38). The author of several articles, essays and book reviews, Robinson's most significant articles include: \"In the Shadow of Old John Brown: Insurrection Anxiety and Confederate Mobilization, 1861-1863,\" Journal of Negro History (Fall 1980) [Box 41]; \"Beyond the Realm of Social Consensus: New Meanings of Reconstruction for American History,\" The Journal of American History (September 1981) [Box 32], and, \"Reassessing the First Reconstruction: Lost Opportunity or Tragic Era,\" Reviews in American History, (March 1978) [Box 42]. He also wrote the foreword to Calder Loth's Virginia Landmarks of Black History: Sites on the Virginia Landmarks Register and the National Register of Historic Places (University Press of Virginia, 1995) [Box 42].\u003c/p\u003e\n    \n\n","\u003cp\u003eRobinson married Mildred (Wigfall) Ravenell, a University of Virginia law professor, at the university's Colonnade Club in 1987. He died of complications from a brain aneurysm at the University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville, on August 28, 1995, at the age of forty-eight. He was survived by his wife Mildred and their daughter Allison; his mother Ruth Robinson; his sisters DeWittress Taylor and Miriam Elmore and a brother, Llewlyn Robinson; two stepchildren, and a host of nieces, nephews and relatives. After a funeral on September 5, 1995, Robinson was interred at Cross of Cavalry Lutheran Church Cemetery in Memphis, Tennessee. A two-hour memorial \"Service of Thanksgiving,\" attended by nearly 500 colleagues, family and friends, was held on September 29, 1995 at the University of Virginia's Old Cabell Hall auditorium. The Armstead L. Robinson Fellowship Fund was established at the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African Studies in his memory.\u003c/p\u003e\n  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Armstead Louis Robinson was born on April 30, 1947 in New Orleans, Louisiana, the son of Reverend Dr. DeWitt Robinson (a Lutheran clergyman) and Ruth Dickinson Robinson. He attended segregated New Orleans public schools (Trinity Lutheran Elementary and Rivers Frederick Junior High), and Hamilton High School in Memphis, Tennessee, from which he graduated with honors in 1964.","Robinson enrolled at Yale University in 1964 as one of eighteen African-American men (out of 1,061 men admitted that year) and received a bachelor's degree in History and graduated with honors and distinction in 1969 for his Scholar of the House thesis, \"In the Aftermath of Slavery: Blacks and Reconstruction in Memphis and Shelby County, Tennessee, 1865-1870.\" As a Yale student Robinson helped create an undergraduate Black Studies program culminating in a 1968 symposium, \"Black Studies in the University,\" and co-edited the conference anthology, Black Studies in the University; A Symposium (Yale University Press, 1969), one of the first books on Black Studies. This experience led to his lifelong interest in promoting Black Studies. While at Yale, Robinson began his teaching career with a lecture series on Black History for the New Haven, Connecticut public school system as well as elementary school day sessions and junior high school evening sessions during 1966-1968.","Robinson was a member of the dean's list (1967-1969), captain of Yale's ROTC Rifle Team (1966-1968), recipient of the 1968 Von Snidren Prize for book collecting, and a member of the Black Student Alliance at Yale (BSAY). As an alumnus he served on the Yale Development Board (1983-1988), the Association of Yale Alumni Board of Governors (1981-1986), and the Yale University Council (1977-1995), of which he served as president during 1981-1986. In 1987 he was the recipient of the Yale Medal for Distinguished Service, his alma mater's highest alumni honor.","Robinson briefly attended Yale Divinity School (1968-1970) before withdrawing to become a visiting professor at Southern Illinois University, in Carbondale, Illinois (1970), an assistant professor of Africana Studies at the State University of New York, SUNY-Stony Brook, and assistant professor of Africana and Afro-American Studies, SUNY Brockport (1970-1973). Later, Robinson was a visiting scholar or professor of history at the National Humanities Center (Research Triangle Park, North Carolina), Southwestern at Memphis [now Rhodes College], and Smith College, Massachusetts (Box 10), and the University of Richmond (Box 11).","It is unknown exactly when and why Robinson decided to become a Civil War historian. While an assistant history professor at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), 1973-1980), he began work on his dissertation at the University of Rochester, New York, where he was mentored by two of America's leading historians, Stanley L. Engerman and Eugene D. Genovese. Genovese was among the scholars who early recognized Robinson's talents as a historian. In his seminal study Roll, Jordan, Roll: The World The Slaves Made (1974), Genovese cited Robinson's thesis (pp. 700n26 and 725n4) as \"'In the Aftermath of Slavery: Blacks and Reconstruction in Memphis, Tennessee, 1865-1870,' unpubl. undergraduate thesis, Yale University, 1969\" (Boxes 5, 6, 15-16, 40-41).","Robinson received a Doctorate of Philosophy with Honors from the University of Rochester in 1977 for his dissertation \"Day of Jubilo: Civil War and the Demise of Slavery in the Mississippi Valley, 1861-1865.\" In 1980 he joined the University of Virginia faculty as an associate professor in the Corcoran Department of History and was also appointed the first director of the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African Studies; as director he was the general editor of the Carter G. Woodson Series in Black Studies published by the University Press of Virginia and retained these positions until his death. In a June 25, 1980 letter to James T. McIntosh, editor of the Papers of Jefferson Davis, Robinson noted the racial and cultural significance of his Virginia appointment: \"I am happier than I can possibly express to be able to return home to the south, particularly at UVA where I am scheduled to teach . . .  I am indeed excited about the day when a southern black can teach southern and Civil War/Reconstruction history at a major southern university\" (folder \"Papers of Jefferson Davis,\" Box 12).","He served on numerous university committees during his career. At the University of California, Los Angeles, he was a member of: the Faculty Senate (1975-1979); the American Field Written Comprehensive Examination Committee (1976-1979; chairman, 1977-1979), and, the Fellowships Committee, Center for Afro-American Studies (1975-1980; chairman, 1977-1980). While at the University of Virginia he was a member of the Faculty Steering Committee for Major in Afro-American and African Studies (1980-1995); the Faculty Senate (1981-1984; 1987-1990); the Afro-American Faculty-Staff Forum (1982-1984); the Presidential Advisory Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity and Affirmative Action (1992-1995), and co-chairman, Venable Lane Burial Site Task Force/Catherine \"Kitty\" Foster Homesite (1993-1995). Other notable committee service consisted of the Planning Committee, Booker T. Washington Commemoration, Booker T. Washington National Monument (1983-1984); the Jefferson Davis Book Award Committee (1989-1991; chairman, 1991); the Abraham Lincoln Prize National Advisory Committee (1990-1995); the Afro-American Studies Advisory Committee, Princeton University (1991-1995), and the James Monroe Papers Advisory Board at Ash Lawn-Highland (1992-1997).","Robinson received numerous awards and scholarly recognitions including the Ford Foundation Fund for Distinguished Black Scholars (1971); the UCLA Faculty Career Development Award (1979-1980); the Carter G. Woodson Award, Journal of Negro History (1981); Fellow at the National Humanities and National Research Council (1984-1985); Jefferson Davis Memorial Lecturer, Museum of the Confederacy, Richmond, Virginia (1990); William Allan Neilson Research Professor, Smith College (1991-1992); Louis P. Gottschalk Memorial Lecturer, University of Louisville (1994), and the Jessie Ball DuPont Visiting Professor, University of Richmond (1994-1995). The Virginia State Library Board of Trustees issued a 1990 resolution of thanks for his service during 1984-1989 while a member of its board of trustees, and Robinson was declared an honorary citizen of Natchez, Mississippi in 1994. He was a member of several scholarly organizations including the American Historical Association, the American Studies Association, the Association for the Study of Afro-American Life and History, the Organization of American Historians, and the Southern Historical Association.","Robinson published extensively. He co-edited Black Studies in the University: A Symposium (1969) [Boxes 1-2]; The African Religious Tradition: Historiography (Associated Publishers, 1987), and New Directions in Civil Rights Studies (University Press of Virginia, 1991). His posthumous magnum opus, Bitter Fruits of Bondage: The Demise of Slavery and the Collapse of the Confederacy, 1861-1865 (University of Virginia Press, 2005), was nationally acclaimed (Boxes 32-38). The author of several articles, essays and book reviews, Robinson's most significant articles include: \"In the Shadow of Old John Brown: Insurrection Anxiety and Confederate Mobilization, 1861-1863,\" Journal of Negro History (Fall 1980) [Box 41]; \"Beyond the Realm of Social Consensus: New Meanings of Reconstruction for American History,\" The Journal of American History (September 1981) [Box 32], and, \"Reassessing the First Reconstruction: Lost Opportunity or Tragic Era,\" Reviews in American History, (March 1978) [Box 42]. He also wrote the foreword to Calder Loth's Virginia Landmarks of Black History: Sites on the Virginia Landmarks Register and the National Register of Historic Places (University Press of Virginia, 1995) [Box 42].","Robinson married Mildred (Wigfall) Ravenell, a University of Virginia law professor, at the university's Colonnade Club in 1987. He died of complications from a brain aneurysm at the University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville, on August 28, 1995, at the age of forty-eight. He was survived by his wife Mildred and their daughter Allison; his mother Ruth Robinson; his sisters DeWittress Taylor and Miriam Elmore and a brother, Llewlyn Robinson; two stepchildren, and a host of nieces, nephews and relatives. After a funeral on September 5, 1995, Robinson was interred at Cross of Cavalry Lutheran Church Cemetery in Memphis, Tennessee. A two-hour memorial \"Service of Thanksgiving,\" attended by nearly 500 colleagues, family and friends, was held on September 29, 1995 at the University of Virginia's Old Cabell Hall auditorium. The Armstead L. Robinson Fellowship Fund was established at the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African Studies in his memory."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 12836, Armstead Robinson Papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 12836, Armstead Robinson Papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Armstead L. Robinson papers(1848-2001; 43 cubic feet) consist of audiotapes; book reviews; census material; computer printouts; conference papers; correspondence; biographical information; instructional material; lectures and speeches; manuscripts and original writings by Robinson, his colleagues and students; maps; memorabilia; microfilm; organizational and professional files; photographs; printed items, and research and topical files. Most of the nineteenth century material is in the form of photocopies.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n","\u003cp\u003eThe scope of this collection is national. Professor Robinson's papers are reflective of the life and career of a nationally active professional historian and educator. Topics of interest include: African-American history; African-American life in Memphis and Shelby County, Tennessee, 1840s-1880s; life as an African-American student at Yale University during the 1960s; the development of Black Studies during the 1960s; life as an African-American faculty member at the State University of New York (SUNY), the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), and the University of Virginia during the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s; slavery in the Confederacy; the nineteenth century American South, especially during the Civil War and Reconstruction; and the modern Civil Rights Movement. Several organizations of interest to Robinson include but are not limited to: Antioch College; Association for the Study of Negro Life and History (Association for the Study of Afro-American Life and History); the Black Student Alliance at Yale (BSAY); the Booker T. Washington National Monument; Corporate/Community Schools of America; the Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial Center and Institute of the Black World; National Humanities Center (Research Triangle Park, North Carolina); Papers of Jefferson Davis; the University of California, Berkeley; the University of California at Los Angeles; the University of Rochester; the University of Virginia; the Virginia State Library Board, and Yale University.\u003c/p\u003e\n    \n\n","\u003cp\u003e\n    \n    Robinson corresponded with numerous fellow scholars, historians and prominent persons: Herbert Aptheker (1915-2003), historian; Molefi Kete Asante (b. 1942), founder of Afrocentricity and proponent of Black Studies; Ira Berlin (b. 1941), American historian; John B. Boles (b. 1943), historian and managing editor, Journal of Southern History; F. N. Boney, historian; Arna Wendell Bontemps (1902-1973), educator, librarian and Harlem Renaissance novelist; McGeorge Bundy (1919–1996), United States National Security Advisor and head of the Ford Foundation; Austin C. Clarke (b. 1934), Afro-Canadian novelist; John F. Cooke (president, The Disney Channel/Walt Disney Company); Emâilia Viotti da Costa, historian of Brazil; LaWanda F. Cox (1909-2005), historian; Lynda Lasswell Crist (Papers of Jefferson Davis); Merle Curti (1897-1997), American social and intellectual historian; Mary Seaton Dix (Papers of Jefferson Davis); Stanley L. Engerman (b. 1936), economic historian; Karen E. Fields, director, Frederick Douglass Institute for African and African-Americans Studies, University of Rochester; Michael W. Fitzgerald (b. 1956), historian; Harold E. Ford [Harold Eugene Ford, Sr., b.1945], U. S. congressman from Tennessee; Elizabeth Fox-Genovese (1941-2007), historian; John Hope Franklin (1915-2009), American historian; George M. Fredrickson (b. 1934), historian; Eugene D. Genovese (1930-2012), historian; Henry Louis \"Skip\" Gates Jr. (b. 1950); A. Bartlett Giamatti (1938-1989), Yale president (and later commissioner of Major League Baseball); Herbert Gutman (1928-1985), historian; Stephen Hahn (b. 1950), Faulkner scholar; Vincent Harding (b. 1931), historian; Nathan Hare (b. 1933), sociologist, psychotherapist, and a founder of the Black Studies movement; Darlene Clark Hine (b. 1947), historian; Alton Hornsby (Journal of Negro History); C. Stuart McGehee, historian; Ron \"Maulana\" Karenga (b. 1941), a leader of the Black Studies movement and founder of Kwanzaa, a cultural celebration of African-American culture and community; Lauranett Lee (later curator of African American History, Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, Virginia); James T. McIntosh (Papers of Jefferson Davis); Pauline Maier (b. 1938), professor of American History, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; August Meier (1923-2003), historian; Nell Irvin Painter (b. 1942), historian; Lewis C. Perry (b. 1938), historian and editor of The Journal of American History; Edwin S. Redkey (b. 1931), American historian; Joseph Reidy (b. 1948); Dan Roberts, University of Richmond; Leslie S. Rowland, historian; William Scarborough, historian, University of Southern Mississippi; Daryl M. Scott (later a Howard University professor of history and vice president for programs, and member of the Association for the Study of African American Life and History's executive council); Robert Brent Toplin (b. 1940), American historian; Edmund S. Wehrle, University of Connecticut; C. Vann Woodward (1908-1999), American historian; Karen L. Wysocki,  and, Whitney Moore Young Jr. (1921-1971), executive director of the National Urban League, Inc., and American civil rights leader.\u003c/p\u003e\n    \n\n","\u003cp\u003eAs to be expected, there is correspondence with several University of Virginia colleagues: Edward L. Ayers (b. 1953), Corcoran Department of History; William A. Elwood (1932-2002), professor of English and associate dean of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences; Edwin E. Floyd, dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences; Matthew Holden, Jr. (b. 1931), Henry L. and Grace M. Doherty Professor, Woodrow Wilson Department of Government and Foreign Affairs; Michael F. Holt, Corcoran Department of History; Ervin L. Jordan Jr. (b. 1954), Special Collections Department, Alderman Library; Robert O'Neil, president of the University of Virginia; Nathan Alexander Scott, Jr. (1925-2006), Commonwealth Professor of Religious Studies; Jeanne Maddox Toungara, Corcoran Department of History, and, Theresa M. Towner, Department of English.\u003c/p\u003e \n    \n\n","\u003cp\u003eProminent persons mentioned in the collection include: Howard K. Beale (1897-1959), a University of North Carolina historian; Reginald Butler, Corcoran Department of History, and Robinson's successor as director of the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African studies; Lawrence Chisolm, historian, State University of New York at Buffalo; Robert R. Church [Robert Reed Church, Sr.] (1839-1912), business leader and the South's first African-American millionaire; Eldridge Cleaver (1935-1998), a founder of the Black Panther Party; Harold Cruse (1916-2005), historian and proponent of Black Studies; Philip D. Curtin (b. 1922), historian; Robert Dahl (b. 1915), Yale political scientist; St. Clair Drake (1911-1990), sociologist, anthropologist and educator; Alex Dupuy, historian of Haiti; Drew Gilpin Faust (b. 1947), American historian; Robert W. Fogel (b. 1926), American historian; Vivian V. Gordon (1934-1995), sociologist; Martin Kilson, Jr., political scientist, Harvard University; James Armistead Lafayette (1760-1832), African-American slave and spy; Alan Lomax (1915-2002), folklorist and musicologist; Gerald A. McWorter, political scientist, Spelman College, and a founder of the Black Studies movement; Sidney W. Mintz (b. 1922), anthropologist; Boniface I. Obichere (1933-1997), historian; Donald Ogilvie (Yale student); Dorothy B. Porter [Dorothy Porter Wesley]; Alvin Poussaint (b. 1934), psychiatrist; Paul L. Puryear (1930-2010), dean of the Office of Afro-American Affairs, University of Virginia; John T. Schlotterbeck (b. 1948), historian; Henry Taylor, Jr. (b. 1928), educator and psychoanalyst; William Shockley (1910-1989), American physicist and eugenicist; F. (Frederick) Palmer Weber (1914-1986), labor and civil rights activist; Charles Harris Wesley (1891-1987), an African-American historian; Bell Irwin Wiley (1906-1980), American Civil War historian; Carter G. Woodson (1875-1950), \"the Father of Negro History,\" and George Carlton Wright, vice provost of the University of Texas at Austin.\u003c/p\u003e\n    \n    ","\u003cp\u003eThe collection has been organized into six series: Corespondence, Academic Career, Topical Files, Research Materials, Writings and Publications, and Oversize materails. \u003c/p\u003e\n  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Armstead L. Robinson papers(1848-2001; 43 cubic feet) consist of audiotapes; book reviews; census material; computer printouts; conference papers; correspondence; biographical information; instructional material; lectures and speeches; manuscripts and original writings by Robinson, his colleagues and students; maps; memorabilia; microfilm; organizational and professional files; photographs; printed items, and research and topical files. Most of the nineteenth century material is in the form of photocopies.","The scope of this collection is national. Professor Robinson's papers are reflective of the life and career of a nationally active professional historian and educator. Topics of interest include: African-American history; African-American life in Memphis and Shelby County, Tennessee, 1840s-1880s; life as an African-American student at Yale University during the 1960s; the development of Black Studies during the 1960s; life as an African-American faculty member at the State University of New York (SUNY), the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), and the University of Virginia during the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s; slavery in the Confederacy; the nineteenth century American South, especially during the Civil War and Reconstruction; and the modern Civil Rights Movement. Several organizations of interest to Robinson include but are not limited to: Antioch College; Association for the Study of Negro Life and History (Association for the Study of Afro-American Life and History); the Black Student Alliance at Yale (BSAY); the Booker T. Washington National Monument; Corporate/Community Schools of America; the Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial Center and Institute of the Black World; National Humanities Center (Research Triangle Park, North Carolina); Papers of Jefferson Davis; the University of California, Berkeley; the University of California at Los Angeles; the University of Rochester; the University of Virginia; the Virginia State Library Board, and Yale University.","Robinson corresponded with numerous fellow scholars, historians and prominent persons: Herbert Aptheker (1915-2003), historian; Molefi Kete Asante (b. 1942), founder of Afrocentricity and proponent of Black Studies; Ira Berlin (b. 1941), American historian; John B. Boles (b. 1943), historian and managing editor, Journal of Southern History; F. N. Boney, historian; Arna Wendell Bontemps (1902-1973), educator, librarian and Harlem Renaissance novelist; McGeorge Bundy (1919–1996), United States National Security Advisor and head of the Ford Foundation; Austin C. Clarke (b. 1934), Afro-Canadian novelist; John F. Cooke (president, The Disney Channel/Walt Disney Company); Emâilia Viotti da Costa, historian of Brazil; LaWanda F. Cox (1909-2005), historian; Lynda Lasswell Crist (Papers of Jefferson Davis); Merle Curti (1897-1997), American social and intellectual historian; Mary Seaton Dix (Papers of Jefferson Davis); Stanley L. Engerman (b. 1936), economic historian; Karen E. Fields, director, Frederick Douglass Institute for African and African-Americans Studies, University of Rochester; Michael W. Fitzgerald (b. 1956), historian; Harold E. Ford [Harold Eugene Ford, Sr., b.1945], U. S. congressman from Tennessee; Elizabeth Fox-Genovese (1941-2007), historian; John Hope Franklin (1915-2009), American historian; George M. Fredrickson (b. 1934), historian; Eugene D. Genovese (1930-2012), historian; Henry Louis \"Skip\" Gates Jr. (b. 1950); A. Bartlett Giamatti (1938-1989), Yale president (and later commissioner of Major League Baseball); Herbert Gutman (1928-1985), historian; Stephen Hahn (b. 1950), Faulkner scholar; Vincent Harding (b. 1931), historian; Nathan Hare (b. 1933), sociologist, psychotherapist, and a founder of the Black Studies movement; Darlene Clark Hine (b. 1947), historian; Alton Hornsby (Journal of Negro History); C. Stuart McGehee, historian; Ron \"Maulana\" Karenga (b. 1941), a leader of the Black Studies movement and founder of Kwanzaa, a cultural celebration of African-American culture and community; Lauranett Lee (later curator of African American History, Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, Virginia); James T. McIntosh (Papers of Jefferson Davis); Pauline Maier (b. 1938), professor of American History, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; August Meier (1923-2003), historian; Nell Irvin Painter (b. 1942), historian; Lewis C. Perry (b. 1938), historian and editor of The Journal of American History; Edwin S. Redkey (b. 1931), American historian; Joseph Reidy (b. 1948); Dan Roberts, University of Richmond; Leslie S. Rowland, historian; William Scarborough, historian, University of Southern Mississippi; Daryl M. Scott (later a Howard University professor of history and vice president for programs, and member of the Association for the Study of African American Life and History's executive council); Robert Brent Toplin (b. 1940), American historian; Edmund S. Wehrle, University of Connecticut; C. Vann Woodward (1908-1999), American historian; Karen L. Wysocki,  and, Whitney Moore Young Jr. (1921-1971), executive director of the National Urban League, Inc., and American civil rights leader.","As to be expected, there is correspondence with several University of Virginia colleagues: Edward L. Ayers (b. 1953), Corcoran Department of History; William A. Elwood (1932-2002), professor of English and associate dean of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences; Edwin E. Floyd, dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences; Matthew Holden, Jr. (b. 1931), Henry L. and Grace M. Doherty Professor, Woodrow Wilson Department of Government and Foreign Affairs; Michael F. Holt, Corcoran Department of History; Ervin L. Jordan Jr. (b. 1954), Special Collections Department, Alderman Library; Robert O'Neil, president of the University of Virginia; Nathan Alexander Scott, Jr. (1925-2006), Commonwealth Professor of Religious Studies; Jeanne Maddox Toungara, Corcoran Department of History, and, Theresa M. Towner, Department of English.","Prominent persons mentioned in the collection include: Howard K. Beale (1897-1959), a University of North Carolina historian; Reginald Butler, Corcoran Department of History, and Robinson's successor as director of the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African studies; Lawrence Chisolm, historian, State University of New York at Buffalo; Robert R. Church [Robert Reed Church, Sr.] (1839-1912), business leader and the South's first African-American millionaire; Eldridge Cleaver (1935-1998), a founder of the Black Panther Party; Harold Cruse (1916-2005), historian and proponent of Black Studies; Philip D. Curtin (b. 1922), historian; Robert Dahl (b. 1915), Yale political scientist; St. Clair Drake (1911-1990), sociologist, anthropologist and educator; Alex Dupuy, historian of Haiti; Drew Gilpin Faust (b. 1947), American historian; Robert W. Fogel (b. 1926), American historian; Vivian V. Gordon (1934-1995), sociologist; Martin Kilson, Jr., political scientist, Harvard University; James Armistead Lafayette (1760-1832), African-American slave and spy; Alan Lomax (1915-2002), folklorist and musicologist; Gerald A. McWorter, political scientist, Spelman College, and a founder of the Black Studies movement; Sidney W. Mintz (b. 1922), anthropologist; Boniface I. Obichere (1933-1997), historian; Donald Ogilvie (Yale student); Dorothy B. Porter [Dorothy Porter Wesley]; Alvin Poussaint (b. 1934), psychiatrist; Paul L. Puryear (1930-2010), dean of the Office of Afro-American Affairs, University of Virginia; John T. Schlotterbeck (b. 1948), historian; Henry Taylor, Jr. (b. 1928), educator and psychoanalyst; William Shockley (1910-1989), American physicist and eugenicist; F. (Frederick) Palmer Weber (1914-1986), labor and civil rights activist; Charles Harris Wesley (1891-1987), an African-American historian; Bell Irwin Wiley (1906-1980), American Civil War historian; Carter G. Woodson (1875-1950), \"the Father of Negro History,\" and George Carlton Wright, vice provost of the University of Texas at Austin.","The collection has been organized into six series: Corespondence, Academic Career, Topical Files, Research Materials, Writings and Publications, and Oversize materails."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeveral folders of \"Research Materials: Civil War\" in Boxes 12-14 include photocopies of materials from various research and academic institutions; researchers should note that most do not permit the reproduction of their materials held by other institutions without their express written permission.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Several folders of \"Research Materials: Civil War\" in Boxes 12-14 include photocopies of materials from various research and academic institutions; researchers should note that most do not permit the reproduction of their materials held by other institutions without their express written permission."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"persname_ssim":["Robinson, Armstead L., 1947-1995"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Robinson, Armstead L., 1947-1995"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":71,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:41:18.571Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_595_c04_c01"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_938_c05_c01","type":"Box","attributes":{"title":"Treasurer's Papers 1897-1973, 1897/1973","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_938_c05_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_938_c05_c01","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_3_resources_938_c05_c01"],"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_938_c05_c01","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_938","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_938","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_938_c05","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_938_c05","parent_ssim":["Jefferson Society records, 1825/2018","Series 5: Treasurer Papers"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_3_resources_938","viu_repositories_3_resources_938_c05"],"title_filing_ssi":"Treasurer's Papers 1897-1973","title_ssm":["Treasurer's Papers 1897-1973"],"title_tesim":["Treasurer's Papers 1897-1973"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Treasurer's Papers 1897-1973, 1897/1973"],"text":["Treasurer's Papers 1897-1973, 1897/1973","Jefferson Society records, 1825/2018","Series 5: Treasurer Papers"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Jefferson Society records, 1825/2018","Series 5: Treasurer Papers"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Jefferson Society records, 1825/2018","Series 5: Treasurer Papers"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1897/1973"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1897-1973"],"level_ssm":["Box"],"level_ssim":["Box"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":19,"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Jefferson Society records, 1825/2018"],"extent_ssm":["0.5 Cubic Feet"],"extent_tesim":["0.5 Cubic Feet"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["No access until the University Archivist has reviewed the material."],"date_range_isim":[1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973],"_nest_path_":"/components#4/components#0","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:41:25.324Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_938","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_938","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_938","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_938","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_938.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/836","title_filing_ssi":"Jefferson Society records","title_ssm":["Jefferson Society records"],"title_tesim":["Jefferson Society records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1825-2018"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1825-2018"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1825/2018"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Jefferson Society records, 1825/2018"],"text":["Jefferson Society records, 1825/2018","RG 23/50/2","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/938","Business records","photographs","minutes (administrative records)","No access until the University Archivist has reviewed the material.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","University of Virginia. Jefferson Society","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Jefferson Society records, 1825/2018"],"collection_ssim":["Jefferson Society records, 1825/2018"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["File","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["RG 23/50/2","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/938"],"unitid_tesim":["RG 23/50/2","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/938"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["University of Virginia. Jefferson Society"],"creator_ssim":["University of Virginia. Jefferson Society"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","University of Virginia. Jefferson Society"],"creators_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","University of Virginia. Jefferson Society"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Business records","photographs","minutes (administrative records)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Business records","photographs","minutes (administrative records)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["25 Cubic Feet 57 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["25 Cubic Feet 57 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Business records","photographs","minutes (administrative records)"],"date_range_isim":[1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo access until the University Archivist has reviewed the material.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No access until the University Archivist has reviewed the material."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","University of Virginia. Jefferson Society"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","University of Virginia. Jefferson Society"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":71,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:41:25.324Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_938_c05_c01"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4566_c13_c22","type":"Box","attributes":{"title":"Trial balances, 1938/1949","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4566_c13_c22#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4566_c13_c22","ref_ssm":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4566_c13_c22"],"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4566_c13_c22","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4566","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4566","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4566_c13","parent_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4566_c13","parent_ssim":["Storer College Administrative and Operational Records, 1865/1960, bulk 1930/1950","Series 13. Financial Records, boxes 123a-136, 139a-159, and 164-169, 1800/1959"],"parent_ids_ssim":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4566","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4566_c13"],"title_filing_ssi":"Trial balances","title_ssm":["Trial balances"],"title_tesim":["Trial balances"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Trial balances, 1938/1949"],"text":["Trial balances, 1938/1949","Storer College Administrative and Operational Records, 1865/1960, bulk 1930/1950","Series 13. Financial Records, boxes 123a-136, 139a-159, and 164-169, 1800/1959","Box 136"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Storer College Administrative and Operational Records, 1865/1960, bulk 1930/1950","Series 13. Financial Records, boxes 123a-136, 139a-159, and 164-169, 1800/1959"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Storer College Administrative and Operational Records, 1865/1960, bulk 1930/1950","Series 13. Financial Records, boxes 123a-136, 139a-159, and 164-169, 1800/1959"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1938/1949"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1938–1949"],"level_ssm":["Box"],"level_ssim":["Box"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":200,"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"collection_ssim":["Storer College Administrative and Operational Records, 1865/1960, bulk 1930/1950"],"containers_ssim":["Box 136"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["No special access restriction applies.","Researchers may access digitized materials by visiting the link attached to each item or by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"date_range_isim":[1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949],"_nest_path_":"/components#12/components#21","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:57:32.353Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4566","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4566","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4566","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4566","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_4566.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/198177","title_ssm":["Storer College Administrative and Operational Records"],"title_tesim":["Storer College Administrative and Operational Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1865-1960","1930s-1950s"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1865-1960"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1930s-1950s"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1865/1960, bulk 1930/1950"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Storer College Administrative and Operational Records, 1865/1960, bulk 1930/1950"],"text":["Storer College Administrative and Operational Records, 1865/1960, bulk 1930/1950","A\u0026M 1322","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/4566","Harpers Ferry (W. Va.)","Jefferson County (W. Va.)","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","West Virginia -- Race relations","Account books","African Americans  -- Education (Higher)","African Americans - Schools for Freedmen.","African Americans -- Segregation -- West Virginia","African Americans  -- Appalachian Region","Brown, John -- Fort-Museum","Builders and contractors.","Baptists","Education","Ephemera.","Freedmen's Schools.","Jefferson County - Schools.","Ledgers.","Missionaries","Newspapers.","Photographs.","Schools - Jefferson County.","Schools. SEE ALSO Academies","Teachers' letters and papers.","Universities and colleges","Women --  Education","Women's history -- 1850-1899","Women's history -- 1900-1929","Women's history -- 1929-1950","Women's history -- 1951-present","World War, 1914-1918 -- Letters","World War, 1939-1945 -- Letters","World War, 1939-1945","World War, 1914-1918","No special access restriction applies.","Researchers may access digitized materials by visiting the link attached to each item or by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department.","Storer College of Harpers Ferry, West Virginia, emerged from the aftermath of the Civil War with the purpose of educating former slaves who were now facing the world with few skills and no education. It began in 1865 as a school in the Lockwood House, a private residence, with the support of the Freewill Baptist Home Mission Society of New England under Reverend Nathan Cook Brackett; in 1867 it officially became Storer Normal School, with the mission of training teachers; and in 1938 Storer became a College. The College closed in 1955 due to declining enrollment, financial problems, and the advent of desegregation.","Although there were dedicated teachers in the beginning, by 1867 there were still only 16 instructors to educate 2,500 students. Reverend Brackett realized the only way to reach all of the students was to train African American teachers, thus necessitating the expansion of the school into a teacher college.","The philanthropist John Storer from Maine came forward and offered a $10,000 grant to the Freewill Baptists to create a teacher college under three conditions: first, the school must eventually become a degree-granting college; second, the school had to be open to all applicants, regardless of race or gender; and finally, the most difficult of the prerequisites, the Freewill Baptist Church had to match his $10,000 donation within a year. After a year-long effort the money was raised, and Storer Normal School opened its doors; and by March 1868 it received its state charter.","In the beginning local residents were resistant to a \"colored school\" and tried to shut it down through slander, vandalism, and local politics. One teacher wrote, \"it is unusual for me to go to the Post Office without being hooted at, and twice I have been stoned on the streets at noonday.\" The attitudes of local residents eventually changed, however, so that later in his life Reverend Brackett became a respected citizen of Harpers Ferry.","Though Storer remained primarily a teacher college, in time it began adding courses in higher education to its curriculum so that students could graduate with a normal degree for teaching, or an academic degree for going on to college. In 1938, under the leadership of school president Henry T. McDonald, Storer became a college. Its enrollment peaked at around 400, and then dipped lower during World War II. The College survived until 1955 when declining enrollment, financial stress, and court-ordered desegregation combined to close it.","In addition to its progressive role in educating African Americans, the College became associated with other advocates of civil rights, such as Frederick Douglas, who visited Storer Normal School in 1881 to deliver a speech on John Brown, and the Niagra Movement led by William Du Bois, who held a conference at Storer in 1906. The NAACP was later to adopt many of the goals of the Niagra Movement.","[This historical note was sourced from the West Virginia Encyclopedia and Wikipedia.]","1131, 1168, 1322, 1471, 2621","Records of Storer College, West Virginia's first African American institution of higher learning, located in Harpers Ferry. This collection contains mainly administrative and operational records of the college. Types of records include annual reports, publications, memorabilia, artifacts, and other material. This collection includes material regarding John Brown's Fort.","The collection is organized into eighteen series, including:","Series 1. Correspondence; 1865-1953; boxes 1a-61 (73 containers)\nSeries 2. Miscellaneous Correspondence; 1892-1957, undated; boxes 62-72 (14 containers)\nSeries 3. Individual Correspondence; 1920s-1950s; boxes 73-85b (25 containers)\nSeries 4. President's Reports; 1907-1955; box 86a, folders 1a-4 (partial container)\nSeries 5. Board of Trustees; 1926-1960; box 86a, folder 5-box 87b, folder 2b (2 containers, 2 partial containers).\nSeries 6. Dean of Women Reports; 1939-1944; box 87b, folder 3 (partial container)\nSeries 7. Executive Committee; 1924-1957; box 88a - box 88b, folder 1 (1 container, 1 partial container)\nSeries 8. Woman's Commission; 1937-1948; box 88b, folder 2 (partial container)\nSeries 9. By-Laws; 1867-1953; box 88b, folders 3-4 (partial container)\nSeries 10. Faculty; 1940s-1950s; boxes 89-90 (2 containers)\nSeries 11. Printed Material; 1920s-1950s; boxes 91-92 (2 containers)\nSeries 12. Student Records; 1890s-1950s; boxes 93a-122, 137-138 (35 containers)\nSeries 13. Financial Records; 1867-1956, undated; boxes 123a-136, 139-159, 164-169 (45 containers)\nSeries 14. Miscellaneous; 1884-1950s, undated; boxes 159-162, 175 (4 containers, 1 partial container)\nSeries 15. Newspaper -- Storer Record; 1892-1943; box 163 and microfilm reel (2 containers)\nSeries 16. Scrapbooks; 1870-1941; boxes 170-172b (4 containers)\nSeries 17. Alumni flags; undated; box 173 (partial container)\nSeries 18. Oversize; 1916-1952; box 174 (1 container)","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Storer College","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","New England Free Will Baptist Association","United States. Veterans Administration","Ball, George H.","Brewster, J.M.","Curtis, Silas, 1804-","Day, George T.","Fessenden, William Pitt, 1806-1869","McDonald, Henry Temple, 1872-1951","Stewart, I.D.","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Storer College Administrative and Operational Records, 1865/1960, bulk 1930/1950"],"collection_ssim":["Storer College Administrative and Operational Records, 1865/1960, bulk 1930/1950"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 1322","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/4566"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 1322","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/4566"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Harpers Ferry (W. Va.)","Jefferson County (W. Va.)","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","West Virginia -- Race relations"],"geogname_ssim":["Harpers Ferry (W. Va.)","Jefferson County (W. Va.)","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","West Virginia -- Race relations"],"places_ssim":["Harpers Ferry (W. Va.)","Jefferson County (W. Va.)","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","West Virginia -- Race relations"],"creator_ssm":["Storer College"],"creator_ssim":["Storer College"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Ball, George H.","Brewster, J.M.","Curtis, Silas, 1804-","Day, George T.","Fessenden, William Pitt, 1806-1869","McDonald, Henry Temple, 1872-1951","Stewart, I.D."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Storer College","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","New England Free Will Baptist Association","United States. Veterans Administration"],"creators_ssim":["Ball, George H.","Brewster, J.M.","Curtis, Silas, 1804-","Day, George T.","Fessenden, William Pitt, 1806-1869","McDonald, Henry Temple, 1872-1951","Stewart, I.D.","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Storer College","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","New England Free Will Baptist Association","United States. Veterans Administration"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Account books","African Americans  -- Education (Higher)","African Americans - Schools for Freedmen.","African Americans -- Segregation -- West Virginia","African Americans  -- Appalachian Region","Brown, John -- Fort-Museum","Builders and contractors.","Baptists","Education","Ephemera.","Freedmen's Schools.","Jefferson County - Schools.","Ledgers.","Missionaries","Newspapers.","Photographs.","Schools - Jefferson County.","Schools. SEE ALSO Academies","Teachers' letters and papers.","Universities and colleges","Women --  Education","Women's history -- 1850-1899","Women's history -- 1900-1929","Women's history -- 1929-1950","Women's history -- 1951-present","World War, 1914-1918 -- Letters","World War, 1939-1945 -- Letters","World War, 1939-1945","World War, 1914-1918"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Account books","African Americans  -- Education (Higher)","African Americans - Schools for Freedmen.","African Americans -- Segregation -- West Virginia","African Americans  -- Appalachian Region","Brown, John -- Fort-Museum","Builders and contractors.","Baptists","Education","Ephemera.","Freedmen's Schools.","Jefferson County - Schools.","Ledgers.","Missionaries","Newspapers.","Photographs.","Schools - Jefferson County.","Schools. SEE ALSO Academies","Teachers' letters and papers.","Universities and colleges","Women --  Education","Women's history -- 1850-1899","Women's history -- 1900-1929","Women's history -- 1929-1950","Women's history -- 1951-present","World War, 1914-1918 -- Letters","World War, 1939-1945 -- Letters","World War, 1939-1945","World War, 1914-1918"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["87.58 Linear Feet (160 document cases, 5 in. each; 28 document cases, 2.5 in. each; 7 record cartons, 15 in. each; 4 notecard boxes, 5 in. each; 2 notecard boxes, 4.5 in. each; 5 large flat storage boxes, 5 in. each; 4 large flat storage boxes, 3.5 in. each; 1.5 large flat storage boxes, 3 in. each; 1 small artifact box, 1.5 in.; 1 oversize folder, 0.25 in.; 1 reel microfilm, 1.75 in.)"],"extent_tesim":["87.58 Linear Feet (160 document cases, 5 in. each; 28 document cases, 2.5 in. each; 7 record cartons, 15 in. each; 4 notecard boxes, 5 in. each; 2 notecard boxes, 4.5 in. each; 5 large flat storage boxes, 5 in. each; 4 large flat storage boxes, 3.5 in. each; 1.5 large flat storage boxes, 3 in. each; 1 small artifact box, 1.5 in.; 1 oversize folder, 0.25 in.; 1 reel microfilm, 1.75 in.)"],"date_range_isim":[1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may access digitized materials by visiting the link attached to each item or by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the \u003ca href=\"https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center reference department\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies.","Researchers may access digitized materials by visiting the link attached to each item or by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eStorer College of Harpers Ferry, West Virginia, emerged from the aftermath of the Civil War with the purpose of educating former slaves who were now facing the world with few skills and no education. It began in 1865 as a school in the Lockwood House, a private residence, with the support of the Freewill Baptist Home Mission Society of New England under Reverend Nathan Cook Brackett; in 1867 it officially became Storer Normal School, with the mission of training teachers; and in 1938 Storer became a College. The College closed in 1955 due to declining enrollment, financial problems, and the advent of desegregation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlthough there were dedicated teachers in the beginning, by 1867 there were still only 16 instructors to educate 2,500 students. Reverend Brackett realized the only way to reach all of the students was to train African American teachers, thus necessitating the expansion of the school into a teacher college.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe philanthropist John Storer from Maine came forward and offered a $10,000 grant to the Freewill Baptists to create a teacher college under three conditions: first, the school must eventually become a degree-granting college; second, the school had to be open to all applicants, regardless of race or gender; and finally, the most difficult of the prerequisites, the Freewill Baptist Church had to match his $10,000 donation within a year. After a year-long effort the money was raised, and Storer Normal School opened its doors; and by March 1868 it received its state charter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nIn the beginning local residents were resistant to a \"colored school\" and tried to shut it down through slander, vandalism, and local politics. One teacher wrote, \"it is unusual for me to go to the Post Office without being hooted at, and twice I have been stoned on the streets at noonday.\" The attitudes of local residents eventually changed, however, so that later in his life Reverend Brackett became a respected citizen of Harpers Ferry.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThough Storer remained primarily a teacher college, in time it began adding courses in higher education to its curriculum so that students could graduate with a normal degree for teaching, or an academic degree for going on to college. In 1938, under the leadership of school president Henry T. McDonald, Storer became a college. Its enrollment peaked at around 400, and then dipped lower during World War II. The College survived until 1955 when declining enrollment, financial stress, and court-ordered desegregation combined to close it.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to its progressive role in educating African Americans, the College became associated with other advocates of civil rights, such as Frederick Douglas, who visited Storer Normal School in 1881 to deliver a speech on John Brown, and the Niagra Movement led by William Du Bois, who held a conference at Storer in 1906. The NAACP was later to adopt many of the goals of the Niagra Movement.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[This historical note was sourced from the West Virginia Encyclopedia and Wikipedia.]\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Storer College of Harpers Ferry, West Virginia, emerged from the aftermath of the Civil War with the purpose of educating former slaves who were now facing the world with few skills and no education. It began in 1865 as a school in the Lockwood House, a private residence, with the support of the Freewill Baptist Home Mission Society of New England under Reverend Nathan Cook Brackett; in 1867 it officially became Storer Normal School, with the mission of training teachers; and in 1938 Storer became a College. The College closed in 1955 due to declining enrollment, financial problems, and the advent of desegregation.","Although there were dedicated teachers in the beginning, by 1867 there were still only 16 instructors to educate 2,500 students. Reverend Brackett realized the only way to reach all of the students was to train African American teachers, thus necessitating the expansion of the school into a teacher college.","The philanthropist John Storer from Maine came forward and offered a $10,000 grant to the Freewill Baptists to create a teacher college under three conditions: first, the school must eventually become a degree-granting college; second, the school had to be open to all applicants, regardless of race or gender; and finally, the most difficult of the prerequisites, the Freewill Baptist Church had to match his $10,000 donation within a year. After a year-long effort the money was raised, and Storer Normal School opened its doors; and by March 1868 it received its state charter.","In the beginning local residents were resistant to a \"colored school\" and tried to shut it down through slander, vandalism, and local politics. One teacher wrote, \"it is unusual for me to go to the Post Office without being hooted at, and twice I have been stoned on the streets at noonday.\" The attitudes of local residents eventually changed, however, so that later in his life Reverend Brackett became a respected citizen of Harpers Ferry.","Though Storer remained primarily a teacher college, in time it began adding courses in higher education to its curriculum so that students could graduate with a normal degree for teaching, or an academic degree for going on to college. In 1938, under the leadership of school president Henry T. McDonald, Storer became a college. Its enrollment peaked at around 400, and then dipped lower during World War II. The College survived until 1955 when declining enrollment, financial stress, and court-ordered desegregation combined to close it.","In addition to its progressive role in educating African Americans, the College became associated with other advocates of civil rights, such as Frederick Douglas, who visited Storer Normal School in 1881 to deliver a speech on John Brown, and the Niagra Movement led by William Du Bois, who held a conference at Storer in 1906. The NAACP was later to adopt many of the goals of the Niagra Movement.","[This historical note was sourced from the West Virginia Encyclopedia and Wikipedia.]"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Storer College Administrative and Operational Records, A\u0026amp;M 1322, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Storer College Administrative and Operational Records, A\u0026M 1322, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e1131, 1168, 1322, 1471, 2621\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related A\u0026M Collections"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["1131, 1168, 1322, 1471, 2621"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRecords of Storer College, West Virginia's first African American institution of higher learning, located in Harpers Ferry. This collection contains mainly administrative and operational records of the college. Types of records include annual reports, publications, memorabilia, artifacts, and other material. This collection includes material regarding John Brown's Fort.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into eighteen series, including:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1. Correspondence; 1865-1953; boxes 1a-61 (73 containers)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 2. Miscellaneous Correspondence; 1892-1957, undated; boxes 62-72 (14 containers)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 3. Individual Correspondence; 1920s-1950s; boxes 73-85b (25 containers)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 4. President's Reports; 1907-1955; box 86a, folders 1a-4 (partial container)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 5. Board of Trustees; 1926-1960; box 86a, folder 5-box 87b, folder 2b (2 containers, 2 partial containers).\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 6. Dean of Women Reports; 1939-1944; box 87b, folder 3 (partial container)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 7. Executive Committee; 1924-1957; box 88a - box 88b, folder 1 (1 container, 1 partial container)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 8. Woman's Commission; 1937-1948; box 88b, folder 2 (partial container)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 9. By-Laws; 1867-1953; box 88b, folders 3-4 (partial container)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 10. Faculty; 1940s-1950s; boxes 89-90 (2 containers)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 11. Printed Material; 1920s-1950s; boxes 91-92 (2 containers)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 12. Student Records; 1890s-1950s; boxes 93a-122, 137-138 (35 containers)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 13. Financial Records; 1867-1956, undated; boxes 123a-136, 139-159, 164-169 (45 containers)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 14. Miscellaneous; 1884-1950s, undated; boxes 159-162, 175 (4 containers, 1 partial container)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 15. Newspaper -- Storer Record; 1892-1943; box 163 and microfilm reel (2 containers)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 16. Scrapbooks; 1870-1941; boxes 170-172b (4 containers)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 17. Alumni flags; undated; box 173 (partial container)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 18. Oversize; 1916-1952; box 174 (1 container)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Records of Storer College, West Virginia's first African American institution of higher learning, located in Harpers Ferry. This collection contains mainly administrative and operational records of the college. Types of records include annual reports, publications, memorabilia, artifacts, and other material. This collection includes material regarding John Brown's Fort.","The collection is organized into eighteen series, including:","Series 1. Correspondence; 1865-1953; boxes 1a-61 (73 containers)\nSeries 2. Miscellaneous Correspondence; 1892-1957, undated; boxes 62-72 (14 containers)\nSeries 3. Individual Correspondence; 1920s-1950s; boxes 73-85b (25 containers)\nSeries 4. President's Reports; 1907-1955; box 86a, folders 1a-4 (partial container)\nSeries 5. Board of Trustees; 1926-1960; box 86a, folder 5-box 87b, folder 2b (2 containers, 2 partial containers).\nSeries 6. Dean of Women Reports; 1939-1944; box 87b, folder 3 (partial container)\nSeries 7. Executive Committee; 1924-1957; box 88a - box 88b, folder 1 (1 container, 1 partial container)\nSeries 8. Woman's Commission; 1937-1948; box 88b, folder 2 (partial container)\nSeries 9. By-Laws; 1867-1953; box 88b, folders 3-4 (partial container)\nSeries 10. Faculty; 1940s-1950s; boxes 89-90 (2 containers)\nSeries 11. Printed Material; 1920s-1950s; boxes 91-92 (2 containers)\nSeries 12. Student Records; 1890s-1950s; boxes 93a-122, 137-138 (35 containers)\nSeries 13. Financial Records; 1867-1956, undated; boxes 123a-136, 139-159, 164-169 (45 containers)\nSeries 14. Miscellaneous; 1884-1950s, undated; boxes 159-162, 175 (4 containers, 1 partial container)\nSeries 15. Newspaper -- Storer Record; 1892-1943; box 163 and microfilm reel (2 containers)\nSeries 16. Scrapbooks; 1870-1941; boxes 170-172b (4 containers)\nSeries 17. Alumni flags; undated; box 173 (partial container)\nSeries 18. Oversize; 1916-1952; box 174 (1 container)"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_5c340650e135ba41d647d77be84aba99\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Storer College","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","New England Free Will Baptist Association","United States. Veterans Administration"],"names_coll_ssim":["National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","New England Free Will Baptist Association","Storer College","United States. Veterans Administration","Ball, George H.","Brewster, J.M.","Curtis, Silas, 1804-","Day, George T.","Fessenden, William Pitt, 1806-1869","McDonald, Henry Temple, 1872-1951","Stewart, I.D."],"persname_ssim":["Ball, George H.","Brewster, J.M.","Curtis, Silas, 1804-","Day, George T.","Fessenden, William Pitt, 1806-1869","McDonald, Henry Temple, 1872-1951","Stewart, I.D."],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Storer College","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","New England Free Will Baptist Association","United States. Veterans Administration","Ball, George H.","Brewster, J.M.","Curtis, Silas, 1804-","Day, George T.","Fessenden, William Pitt, 1806-1869","McDonald, Henry Temple, 1872-1951","Stewart, I.D."],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":276,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:57:32.353Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4566_c13_c22"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Hampden-Sydney College","value":"Hampden-Sydney College","hits":5},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1942\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Box\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Hampden-Sydney+College"}},{"attributes":{"label":"The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon","value":"The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1942\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Box\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=The+George+Washington+Presidential+Library+at+Mount+Vernon"}},{"attributes":{"label":"University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept.","value":"University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept.","hits":70},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1942\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Box\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"attributes":{"label":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University","value":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University","hits":36},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1942\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Box\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Polytechnic+Institute+and+State+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"West Virginia and Regional History Center","value":"West Virginia and Regional History Center","hits":626},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1942\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Box\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=West+Virginia+and+Regional+History+Center"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1942\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Box"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Alan Clarke Railroad Research Papers, 1861/2012","value":"Alan Clarke Railroad Research Papers, 1861/2012","hits":17},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Alan+Clarke+Railroad+Research+Papers%2C+1861%2F2012\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1942\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Box"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Armstead L. 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