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Va.)","Birth certificates","Churches -- Charles Town Zion Episcopal","Churches -- Episcopal","Churches -- West Virginia -- Jefferson County","Death records.","Marriage records","Reconstruction (U.S. history, 1865-1877)","No special access restriction applies.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Vestry minutes and parish records of the Zion Episcopal Church of Charles Town. The vestry minutes concern business meetings of the church, ministerial appointments, program scheduling and church maintenance. A detailed account of expenditures and donor bequeathals is included. The parish records contain indexed and unindexed records of birth, marriage, membership and burials as well as ledgers on contributions to theological education, missionary efforts, charity disbursements, church repairs and debts. Of special note are records of funds sent after the Civil War for Southern relief to Georgia, Louisiana, and Tennessee.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536 / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Zion Episcopal Church","English \n. "],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 2888","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/992"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Zion Episcopal Church Records"],"collection_title_tesim":["Zion Episcopal Church Records"],"collection_ssim":["Zion Episcopal Church Records"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Jefferson County (W. Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Jefferson County (W. 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For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Birth certificates","Churches -- Charles Town Zion Episcopal","Churches -- Episcopal","Churches -- West Virginia -- Jefferson County","Death records.","Marriage records","Reconstruction (U.S. history, 1865-1877)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Birth certificates","Churches -- Charles Town Zion Episcopal","Churches -- Episcopal","Churches -- West Virginia -- Jefferson County","Death records.","Marriage records","Reconstruction (U.S. history, 1865-1877)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.44 Linear Feet Summary: 5 1/4 in. (3 reels of microfilm, 1.75 in. each)"],"extent_tesim":["0.44 Linear Feet Summary: 5 1/4 in. 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For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_af5eef0472c7699fb78b738b44d36f4d\"\u003eVestry minutes and parish records of the Zion Episcopal Church of Charles Town. The vestry minutes concern business meetings of the church, ministerial appointments, program scheduling and church maintenance. A detailed account of expenditures and donor bequeathals is included. The parish records contain indexed and unindexed records of birth, marriage, membership and burials as well as ledgers on contributions to theological education, missionary efforts, charity disbursements, church repairs and debts. Of special note are records of funds sent after the Civil War for Southern relief to Georgia, Louisiana, and Tennessee.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Vestry minutes and parish records of the Zion Episcopal Church of Charles Town. The vestry minutes concern business meetings of the church, ministerial appointments, program scheduling and church maintenance. A detailed account of expenditures and donor bequeathals is included. The parish records contain indexed and unindexed records of birth, marriage, membership and burials as well as ledgers on contributions to theological education, missionary efforts, charity disbursements, church repairs and debts. Of special note are records of funds sent after the Civil War for Southern relief to Georgia, Louisiana, and Tennessee."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_c7e2681ffeffd73fa5fa347dbb17053d\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536 / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536 / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Zion Episcopal Church"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Zion Episcopal Church"],"language_ssim":["English \n. 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She died in 1985. Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: \u003cextref href=\"http://scdbwiki.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Elizabeth_Lindsay_Hogg_Ironmonger\" title=\"Elizabeth Lindsay Hogg Ironmonger\"\u003e\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information:"],"bioghist_tesim":["Elizabeth (\"Bessie\") Lindsay Hogg was born 4 October 1891 to William H. Hogg and Frances Elizabeth Winder Hogg. She attended the Woman's College, Richmond, Va. She married John Wesley Ironmonger of Seaford, Va. on 10 March 1909. She died in 1985. Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: ."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eElizabeth Hogg Ironmonger Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Elizabeth Hogg Ironmonger Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Elisabeth Lea in 1988.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information:"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Elisabeth Lea in 1988."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers, circa 1900-1997, of Elizabeth Hogg Ironmonger, genealogist. Includes genealogical notes, history of post offices in York County, Virginia, a record of Revolutionary War claims by York County inhabitants, history of the Grafton Baptist Church, Methodism in York County, Virginia, a map of the Jamestown Exposition grounds in Norfolk, Virginia, copies (only a few pages) from the Abingdon Parish Register, the Kingston Parish Register, and the Northumberland County Order Book.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere is genealogical data on numerous families as well as typescript genealogies of York County, Virginia families transcribed by Ironmonger and by her daughter, Thelma Hansford.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFamilies for which there is information include Sparrow, Winder, Hogg, Hopkins and Ironmonger, Hayward/Howard, Curtis, Wainwright, Powell and many others.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs of the 19th century Catherine Dudley Cary Pescud Mourning Broach can be found in Box 2, Folder 4.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor information on the Lee family, see Box 1 Folder 12.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee also Chandler-Custis and Drake-Gawton families.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes information on Drake-Lee families.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHopkins, Sarah (see Montgomery Family, Box 1, Folder 33). Howard Family (see Shield and Howard families, Box 11, Folder 7).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee med. oversize file for field and staff muster roll of Thomas James.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA mourning broach of Catherine Dudley Cary Pescud, early nineteenth century, is located in the Artifact File. See genealogical notes on Mrs. Pescud in Box 2 Folder 4.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTraced from John Garland Ironmonger.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1977 Revision by Jean M. Feller, Ocala, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Papers, circa 1900-1997, of Elizabeth Hogg Ironmonger, genealogist. Includes genealogical notes, history of post offices in York County, Virginia, a record of Revolutionary War claims by York County inhabitants, history of the Grafton Baptist Church, Methodism in York County, Virginia, a map of the Jamestown Exposition grounds in Norfolk, Virginia, copies (only a few pages) from the Abingdon Parish Register, the Kingston Parish Register, and the Northumberland County Order Book.","There is genealogical data on numerous families as well as typescript genealogies of York County, Virginia families transcribed by Ironmonger and by her daughter, Thelma Hansford.","Families for which there is information include Sparrow, Winder, Hogg, Hopkins and Ironmonger, Hayward/Howard, Curtis, Wainwright, Powell and many others.","Photographs of the 19th century Catherine Dudley Cary Pescud Mourning Broach can be found in Box 2, Folder 4.","For information on the Lee family, see Box 1 Folder 12.","See also Chandler-Custis and Drake-Gawton families.","Includes information on Drake-Lee families.","Hopkins, Sarah (see Montgomery Family, Box 1, Folder 33). Howard Family (see Shield and Howard families, Box 11, Folder 7).","See med. oversize file for field and staff muster roll of Thomas James.","A mourning broach of Catherine Dudley Cary Pescud, early nineteenth century, is located in the Artifact File. See genealogical notes on Mrs. Pescud in Box 2 Folder 4.","Traced from John Garland Ironmonger.","1977 Revision by Jean M. Feller, Ocala, Florida."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"names_coll_ssim":["Grafton Baptist Church","Curtis family","Hansford family","Haywood family","Hogg family","Howard family","Ironmonger family"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Grafton Baptist Church","Hansford, Thelma Ironmonger, 1910-","Curtis family","Hansford family","Haywood family","Hogg family","Howard family","Ironmonger family","Ironmonger, Elizabeth Lindsay Hogg, 1891-1985"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Grafton Baptist Church"],"famname_ssim":["Hansford, Thelma Ironmonger, 1910-","Curtis family","Hansford family","Haywood family","Hogg family","Howard family","Ironmonger family"],"persname_ssim":["Ironmonger, Elizabeth Lindsay Hogg, 1891-1985"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":103,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T14:13:02.151Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_8703_c02_c20"}},{"id":"viu_viu00224_c01_c03","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Zona Gale, aboard ship, to Mrs. \n Alfred [L.] Castle","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_viu00224_c01_c03#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003e[Includes postscript; 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Castle","Alfred [L.]Castle","Alfred [L.] Castle","English"],"unitid_tesim":["7763-c"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Zona Gale Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Zona Gale Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Zona Gale Collection"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":[""],"creator_ssim":[""],"acqinfo_ssim":["Deposit \n 1973 Jul 30"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["4 items"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eZona Gale\n Collection, Accession 7763-c, Special Collections Department, University of\n Virginia Library\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Zona Gale\n Collection, Accession 7763-c, Special Collections Department, University of\n Virginia Library"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFunded in part by a grant from the National Endowment\n for the Humanities\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Funding Note"],"processinfo_tesim":["Funded in part by a grant from the National Endowment\n for the Humanities"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Thanks her for flowers, which remind her of the\n flowers she knew in her childhood.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Includes postscript; informs her that she will\n sail back on the \"Empress of Japan\"; regrets that\n ship stays in \n \u003cgeogname\u003eHonolulu\u003c/geogname\u003efor only a day.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Includes postscript; expresses thanks for a gift\n of gardenias sent to the stateroom.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Thanks her for an Hawaiian-style luncheon, the\n drive to \n \u003cgeogname\u003ePali\u003c/geogname\u003eand a secret garden and\n tells her feelings about them; thanks her for a book\n of Korean poetry; expresses her and her husband's\n deep emotional reaction.]\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_tesim":["[Thanks her for flowers, which remind her of the\n flowers she knew in her childhood.]","[Includes postscript; informs her that she will\n sail back on the \"Empress of Japan\"; regrets that\n ship stays in \n Honolulu for only a day.]","[Includes postscript; expresses thanks for a gift\n of gardenias sent to the stateroom.]","[Thanks her for an Hawaiian-style luncheon, the\n drive to \n Pali and a secret garden and\n tells her feelings about them; thanks her for a book\n of Korean poetry; expresses her and her husband's\n deep emotional reaction.]"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee the \n \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.library.virginia.edu/policies/use-of-materials\"\u003e\n University of Virginia Library’s use policy.\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["See the \n \n University of Virginia Library’s use policy."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc/\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":[""],"names_ssim":["University of Virginia. Library. Special\n Collections Dept.","Imperial Hotel","Zona Gale","Alfred L. Castle","Alfred [L.]Castle","Alfred [L.] Castle"],"corpname_ssim":["University of Virginia. Library. Special\n Collections Dept.","Imperial Hotel"],"persname_ssim":["Zona Gale","Alfred L. Castle","Alfred [L.]Castle","Alfred [L.] Castle"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":5,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T12:53:36.241Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_viu00224_c01_c02"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4263","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Z Process Quick Freezing Collection","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4263#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Z Process Quick Freezing Collection consists of pamphlets and a photograph album. The pamphlets contain information on the quick freezing method developed by Mikhail Trofimovich Zarochentsev. The photograph album consists of images related to the freezing methods and equipments. The quick freezing method acted as a sanitary method to freeze seafood, meats, fruits, and vegetables and to maintain their nutritional values and taste.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4263#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4263","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4263","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4263","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4263","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_4263.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Z Process Quick Freezing Collection","title_ssm":["Z Process Quick Freezing Collection"],"title_tesim":["Z Process Quick Freezing Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["c.1917-1937"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["c.1917-1937"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2024.055"],"text":["Ms.2024.055","Z Process Quick Freezing Collection","History of Food and Drink","Food Technology and Production","The collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged by document type.","\"The Frick System,\" August 1932, vol 4, no. 2","\"Frozen Foods: Dealing with Every Phase of the Quick Freezing of Perishable Foods -- Preparation Packaging, Freezing, Storage, Distribution,\" September 1936 ","\"The Z Processes for Quick-Freezing and Quick-Chilling Food Products,\" c. 1930s","The guide to the Z Process Quick Freezing Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Z Process Quick Freezing Collection was completed in May 2024.","The Z Process Quick Freezing Collection consists of pamphlets and a photograph album. The pamphlets contain information on the quick freezing method developed by Mikhail Trofimovich Zarochentsev. The photograph album consists of images related to the freezing methods and equipments. The quick freezing method acted as a sanitary method to freeze seafood, meats, fruits, and vegetables and to maintain their nutritional values and taste. ","The pamphlets consist of three pamphlets, which are listed on the bibliography in the folder. The pamphlets explain how Zarochentsev created the Z Process, with details on the his methodology. One article tells of his experience developing the method, how he uses \"three of the known methods of heat transfer--radiation, conduction, and convections,\" and his successful work in Europe and the U.S. Another pamphlet describes the advantages of the Z Process over other freezing processes. ","The photograph album contains 186 photographs that illustrate the refrigeration process, fishing vessells, packaging, animals, meats, and more. Most photos include captions. ","According to the original sale document:","\"This souvenir sales photo album, and accompanying literature document the extraordinary advancement in quick-freezing technology and food preservation by this pioneering Russian-American engineer. Zaronchentsev had developed a technique of placing all of the products to be frozen on mesh metal shelving which would then be sprayed with a calcium chloride brine solution as a mist, which speeded the freezing process. This method was entirely different from the flash freezing methods developed by Clarence Birdseye, whose innovations involved holding packaged food between two metal belts chilled to -45 degrees Fahrenheit, or under pressure between two hollow metal plates chilled to -25 degrees Fahrenheit through evaporation of ammonia, freezing items from 30-90 minutes. Zaronchentsev (b. 1879) who had pioneered refrigeration engineering while studying at the Institute of Transportation in Moscow prior to the Russian Revolution, later oversaw the construction of numerous packaging houses, cold storage facilities, and thousands of refrigerated railwar cars. From 1922 to 1927 he had become the general manager of the Estonion packing house A/S Kulmetus, with many of th ephotos here showing his work in Estonia, and across Europe during the period. In 1928, he contracted with the British firm H. Smethurst \u0026 Co. in Grimsby which used his technology to freeze, package and market frozen salmon rolls, fish ovals, fish cakes, and others, shown here in the photos, but three years later decided he would have to move to the U.S. for financing and build the company.","\"In New York, he contracted initially with the Francis Metal Door \u0026 Window Corp. in Rochester, NY to build his specialty freezers, and equipment, and incorporated as the American Z Corporation, with branches in Brooklyn, NY and other locales. He also began setting up test farms to grow vegetables, fruits, and poultry, especially duck, to develop a whole line of locally sourced frozen goods using his equipment. The carefully annotated photographs show the many different products frozen and being frozen including green peas, frozen shrimp in pans and cartons, pork chops, ham and pork bellies, pork brains in cartons, lamb chops, duck, fish fillets, and sausages, including those in cellophane display cartons. The patented 'brine-fog-' method together with applied pure cane sugar prevented fruit from losing their colour, as well as preserving aroma, nutrients, and essential vitamins. By 1938, the Japanese firm Nippon Suisan had tested the devices, and methods of cold storage facilities and production facilities in Misaki, Nemuro, and Takao (Taiwan), focused primarily on farm shrimp marketed as Horai Shrimp in Japan, and frozen swordfish exported across the Pacific.\"","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The Z Process Quick Freezing Collection consists of pamphlets and a photograph album. The pamphlets contain information on the quick freezing method developed by Mikhail Trofimovich Zarochentsev. The photograph album consists of images related to the freezing methods and equipments. The quick freezing method acted as a sanitary method to freeze seafood, meats, fruits, and vegetables and to maintain their nutritional values and taste.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Materials in this collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2024.055"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Z Process Quick Freezing Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Z Process Quick Freezing Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Z Process Quick Freezing Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased by Special Collections in July 2021."],"access_subjects_ssim":["History of Food and Drink","Food Technology and Production"],"access_subjects_ssm":["History of Food and Drink","Food Technology and Production"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.3 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.3 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"date_range_isim":[1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged by document type.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged by document type."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003e\"The Frick System,\" August 1932, vol 4, no. 2\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e\"Frozen Foods: Dealing with Every Phase of the Quick Freezing of Perishable Foods -- Preparation Packaging, Freezing, Storage, Distribution,\" September 1936 \u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e\"The Z Processes for Quick-Freezing and Quick-Chilling Food Products,\" c. 1930s\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["\"The Frick System,\" August 1932, vol 4, no. 2","\"Frozen Foods: Dealing with Every Phase of the Quick Freezing of Perishable Foods -- Preparation Packaging, Freezing, Storage, Distribution,\" September 1936 ","\"The Z Processes for Quick-Freezing and Quick-Chilling Food Products,\" c. 1930s"],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Z Process Quick Freezing Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003cextref href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/extref\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Z Process Quick Freezing Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Z Process Quick Freezing Collection, c.1917 - 1937, Ms2024-055, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Z Process Quick Freezing Collection, c.1917 - 1937, Ms2024-055, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Z Process Quick Freezing Collection was completed in May 2024.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Z Process Quick Freezing Collection was completed in May 2024."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Z Process Quick Freezing Collection consists of pamphlets and a photograph album. The pamphlets contain information on the quick freezing method developed by Mikhail Trofimovich Zarochentsev. The photograph album consists of images related to the freezing methods and equipments. The quick freezing method acted as a sanitary method to freeze seafood, meats, fruits, and vegetables and to maintain their nutritional values and taste. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe pamphlets consist of three pamphlets, which are listed on the bibliography in the folder. The pamphlets explain how Zarochentsev created the Z Process, with details on the his methodology. One article tells of his experience developing the method, how he uses \"three of the known methods of heat transfer--radiation, conduction, and convections,\" and his successful work in Europe and the U.S. Another pamphlet describes the advantages of the Z Process over other freezing processes. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe photograph album contains 186 photographs that illustrate the refrigeration process, fishing vessells, packaging, animals, meats, and more. Most photos include captions. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAccording to the original sale document:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"This souvenir sales photo album, and accompanying literature document the extraordinary advancement in quick-freezing technology and food preservation by this pioneering Russian-American engineer. Zaronchentsev had developed a technique of placing all of the products to be frozen on mesh metal shelving which would then be sprayed with a calcium chloride brine solution as a mist, which speeded the freezing process. This method was entirely different from the flash freezing methods developed by Clarence Birdseye, whose innovations involved holding packaged food between two metal belts chilled to -45 degrees Fahrenheit, or under pressure between two hollow metal plates chilled to -25 degrees Fahrenheit through evaporation of ammonia, freezing items from 30-90 minutes. Zaronchentsev (b. 1879) who had pioneered refrigeration engineering while studying at the Institute of Transportation in Moscow prior to the Russian Revolution, later oversaw the construction of numerous packaging houses, cold storage facilities, and thousands of refrigerated railwar cars. From 1922 to 1927 he had become the general manager of the Estonion packing house A/S Kulmetus, with many of th ephotos here showing his work in Estonia, and across Europe during the period. In 1928, he contracted with the British firm H. Smethurst \u0026amp; Co. in Grimsby which used his technology to freeze, package and market frozen salmon rolls, fish ovals, fish cakes, and others, shown here in the photos, but three years later decided he would have to move to the U.S. for financing and build the company.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"In New York, he contracted initially with the Francis Metal Door \u0026amp; Window Corp. in Rochester, NY to build his specialty freezers, and equipment, and incorporated as the American Z Corporation, with branches in Brooklyn, NY and other locales. He also began setting up test farms to grow vegetables, fruits, and poultry, especially duck, to develop a whole line of locally sourced frozen goods using his equipment. The carefully annotated photographs show the many different products frozen and being frozen including green peas, frozen shrimp in pans and cartons, pork chops, ham and pork bellies, pork brains in cartons, lamb chops, duck, fish fillets, and sausages, including those in cellophane display cartons. The patented 'brine-fog-' method together with applied pure cane sugar prevented fruit from losing their colour, as well as preserving aroma, nutrients, and essential vitamins. By 1938, the Japanese firm Nippon Suisan had tested the devices, and methods of cold storage facilities and production facilities in Misaki, Nemuro, and Takao (Taiwan), focused primarily on farm shrimp marketed as Horai Shrimp in Japan, and frozen swordfish exported across the Pacific.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Z Process Quick Freezing Collection consists of pamphlets and a photograph album. The pamphlets contain information on the quick freezing method developed by Mikhail Trofimovich Zarochentsev. The photograph album consists of images related to the freezing methods and equipments. The quick freezing method acted as a sanitary method to freeze seafood, meats, fruits, and vegetables and to maintain their nutritional values and taste. ","The pamphlets consist of three pamphlets, which are listed on the bibliography in the folder. The pamphlets explain how Zarochentsev created the Z Process, with details on the his methodology. One article tells of his experience developing the method, how he uses \"three of the known methods of heat transfer--radiation, conduction, and convections,\" and his successful work in Europe and the U.S. Another pamphlet describes the advantages of the Z Process over other freezing processes. ","The photograph album contains 186 photographs that illustrate the refrigeration process, fishing vessells, packaging, animals, meats, and more. Most photos include captions. ","According to the original sale document:","\"This souvenir sales photo album, and accompanying literature document the extraordinary advancement in quick-freezing technology and food preservation by this pioneering Russian-American engineer. Zaronchentsev had developed a technique of placing all of the products to be frozen on mesh metal shelving which would then be sprayed with a calcium chloride brine solution as a mist, which speeded the freezing process. This method was entirely different from the flash freezing methods developed by Clarence Birdseye, whose innovations involved holding packaged food between two metal belts chilled to -45 degrees Fahrenheit, or under pressure between two hollow metal plates chilled to -25 degrees Fahrenheit through evaporation of ammonia, freezing items from 30-90 minutes. Zaronchentsev (b. 1879) who had pioneered refrigeration engineering while studying at the Institute of Transportation in Moscow prior to the Russian Revolution, later oversaw the construction of numerous packaging houses, cold storage facilities, and thousands of refrigerated railwar cars. From 1922 to 1927 he had become the general manager of the Estonion packing house A/S Kulmetus, with many of th ephotos here showing his work in Estonia, and across Europe during the period. In 1928, he contracted with the British firm H. Smethurst \u0026 Co. in Grimsby which used his technology to freeze, package and market frozen salmon rolls, fish ovals, fish cakes, and others, shown here in the photos, but three years later decided he would have to move to the U.S. for financing and build the company.","\"In New York, he contracted initially with the Francis Metal Door \u0026 Window Corp. in Rochester, NY to build his specialty freezers, and equipment, and incorporated as the American Z Corporation, with branches in Brooklyn, NY and other locales. He also began setting up test farms to grow vegetables, fruits, and poultry, especially duck, to develop a whole line of locally sourced frozen goods using his equipment. The carefully annotated photographs show the many different products frozen and being frozen including green peas, frozen shrimp in pans and cartons, pork chops, ham and pork bellies, pork brains in cartons, lamb chops, duck, fish fillets, and sausages, including those in cellophane display cartons. The patented 'brine-fog-' method together with applied pure cane sugar prevented fruit from losing their colour, as well as preserving aroma, nutrients, and essential vitamins. By 1938, the Japanese firm Nippon Suisan had tested the devices, and methods of cold storage facilities and production facilities in Misaki, Nemuro, and Takao (Taiwan), focused primarily on farm shrimp marketed as Horai Shrimp in Japan, and frozen swordfish exported across the Pacific.\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n\u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e9331d23f7f91063225a8e532a200388\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Z Process Quick Freezing Collection consists of pamphlets and a photograph album. The pamphlets contain information on the quick freezing method developed by Mikhail Trofimovich Zarochentsev. The photograph album consists of images related to the freezing methods and equipments. The quick freezing method acted as a sanitary method to freeze seafood, meats, fruits, and vegetables and to maintain their nutritional values and taste.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Z Process Quick Freezing Collection consists of pamphlets and a photograph album. The pamphlets contain information on the quick freezing method developed by Mikhail Trofimovich Zarochentsev. The photograph album consists of images related to the freezing methods and equipments. The quick freezing method acted as a sanitary method to freeze seafood, meats, fruits, and vegetables and to maintain their nutritional values and taste."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"language_ssim":["Materials in this collection are in English."],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:01:52.369Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4263","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4263","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4263","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4263","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_4263.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Z Process Quick Freezing Collection","title_ssm":["Z Process Quick Freezing Collection"],"title_tesim":["Z Process Quick Freezing Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["c.1917-1937"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["c.1917-1937"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2024.055"],"text":["Ms.2024.055","Z Process Quick Freezing Collection","History of Food and Drink","Food Technology and Production","The collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged by document type.","\"The Frick System,\" August 1932, vol 4, no. 2","\"Frozen Foods: Dealing with Every Phase of the Quick Freezing of Perishable Foods -- Preparation Packaging, Freezing, Storage, Distribution,\" September 1936 ","\"The Z Processes for Quick-Freezing and Quick-Chilling Food Products,\" c. 1930s","The guide to the Z Process Quick Freezing Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Z Process Quick Freezing Collection was completed in May 2024.","The Z Process Quick Freezing Collection consists of pamphlets and a photograph album. The pamphlets contain information on the quick freezing method developed by Mikhail Trofimovich Zarochentsev. The photograph album consists of images related to the freezing methods and equipments. The quick freezing method acted as a sanitary method to freeze seafood, meats, fruits, and vegetables and to maintain their nutritional values and taste. ","The pamphlets consist of three pamphlets, which are listed on the bibliography in the folder. The pamphlets explain how Zarochentsev created the Z Process, with details on the his methodology. One article tells of his experience developing the method, how he uses \"three of the known methods of heat transfer--radiation, conduction, and convections,\" and his successful work in Europe and the U.S. Another pamphlet describes the advantages of the Z Process over other freezing processes. ","The photograph album contains 186 photographs that illustrate the refrigeration process, fishing vessells, packaging, animals, meats, and more. Most photos include captions. ","According to the original sale document:","\"This souvenir sales photo album, and accompanying literature document the extraordinary advancement in quick-freezing technology and food preservation by this pioneering Russian-American engineer. Zaronchentsev had developed a technique of placing all of the products to be frozen on mesh metal shelving which would then be sprayed with a calcium chloride brine solution as a mist, which speeded the freezing process. This method was entirely different from the flash freezing methods developed by Clarence Birdseye, whose innovations involved holding packaged food between two metal belts chilled to -45 degrees Fahrenheit, or under pressure between two hollow metal plates chilled to -25 degrees Fahrenheit through evaporation of ammonia, freezing items from 30-90 minutes. Zaronchentsev (b. 1879) who had pioneered refrigeration engineering while studying at the Institute of Transportation in Moscow prior to the Russian Revolution, later oversaw the construction of numerous packaging houses, cold storage facilities, and thousands of refrigerated railwar cars. From 1922 to 1927 he had become the general manager of the Estonion packing house A/S Kulmetus, with many of th ephotos here showing his work in Estonia, and across Europe during the period. In 1928, he contracted with the British firm H. Smethurst \u0026 Co. in Grimsby which used his technology to freeze, package and market frozen salmon rolls, fish ovals, fish cakes, and others, shown here in the photos, but three years later decided he would have to move to the U.S. for financing and build the company.","\"In New York, he contracted initially with the Francis Metal Door \u0026 Window Corp. in Rochester, NY to build his specialty freezers, and equipment, and incorporated as the American Z Corporation, with branches in Brooklyn, NY and other locales. He also began setting up test farms to grow vegetables, fruits, and poultry, especially duck, to develop a whole line of locally sourced frozen goods using his equipment. The carefully annotated photographs show the many different products frozen and being frozen including green peas, frozen shrimp in pans and cartons, pork chops, ham and pork bellies, pork brains in cartons, lamb chops, duck, fish fillets, and sausages, including those in cellophane display cartons. The patented 'brine-fog-' method together with applied pure cane sugar prevented fruit from losing their colour, as well as preserving aroma, nutrients, and essential vitamins. By 1938, the Japanese firm Nippon Suisan had tested the devices, and methods of cold storage facilities and production facilities in Misaki, Nemuro, and Takao (Taiwan), focused primarily on farm shrimp marketed as Horai Shrimp in Japan, and frozen swordfish exported across the Pacific.\"","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The Z Process Quick Freezing Collection consists of pamphlets and a photograph album. The pamphlets contain information on the quick freezing method developed by Mikhail Trofimovich Zarochentsev. The photograph album consists of images related to the freezing methods and equipments. The quick freezing method acted as a sanitary method to freeze seafood, meats, fruits, and vegetables and to maintain their nutritional values and taste.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Materials in this collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2024.055"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Z Process Quick Freezing Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Z Process Quick Freezing Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Z Process Quick Freezing Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased by Special Collections in July 2021."],"access_subjects_ssim":["History of Food and Drink","Food Technology and Production"],"access_subjects_ssm":["History of Food and Drink","Food Technology and Production"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.3 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.3 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"date_range_isim":[1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged by document type.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged by document type."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003e\"The Frick System,\" August 1932, vol 4, no. 2\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e\"Frozen Foods: Dealing with Every Phase of the Quick Freezing of Perishable Foods -- Preparation Packaging, Freezing, Storage, Distribution,\" September 1936 \u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e\"The Z Processes for Quick-Freezing and Quick-Chilling Food Products,\" c. 1930s\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["\"The Frick System,\" August 1932, vol 4, no. 2","\"Frozen Foods: Dealing with Every Phase of the Quick Freezing of Perishable Foods -- Preparation Packaging, Freezing, Storage, Distribution,\" September 1936 ","\"The Z Processes for Quick-Freezing and Quick-Chilling Food Products,\" c. 1930s"],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Z Process Quick Freezing Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003cextref href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/extref\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Z Process Quick Freezing Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Z Process Quick Freezing Collection, c.1917 - 1937, Ms2024-055, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Z Process Quick Freezing Collection, c.1917 - 1937, Ms2024-055, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Z Process Quick Freezing Collection was completed in May 2024.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Z Process Quick Freezing Collection was completed in May 2024."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Z Process Quick Freezing Collection consists of pamphlets and a photograph album. The pamphlets contain information on the quick freezing method developed by Mikhail Trofimovich Zarochentsev. The photograph album consists of images related to the freezing methods and equipments. The quick freezing method acted as a sanitary method to freeze seafood, meats, fruits, and vegetables and to maintain their nutritional values and taste. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe pamphlets consist of three pamphlets, which are listed on the bibliography in the folder. The pamphlets explain how Zarochentsev created the Z Process, with details on the his methodology. One article tells of his experience developing the method, how he uses \"three of the known methods of heat transfer--radiation, conduction, and convections,\" and his successful work in Europe and the U.S. Another pamphlet describes the advantages of the Z Process over other freezing processes. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe photograph album contains 186 photographs that illustrate the refrigeration process, fishing vessells, packaging, animals, meats, and more. Most photos include captions. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAccording to the original sale document:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"This souvenir sales photo album, and accompanying literature document the extraordinary advancement in quick-freezing technology and food preservation by this pioneering Russian-American engineer. Zaronchentsev had developed a technique of placing all of the products to be frozen on mesh metal shelving which would then be sprayed with a calcium chloride brine solution as a mist, which speeded the freezing process. This method was entirely different from the flash freezing methods developed by Clarence Birdseye, whose innovations involved holding packaged food between two metal belts chilled to -45 degrees Fahrenheit, or under pressure between two hollow metal plates chilled to -25 degrees Fahrenheit through evaporation of ammonia, freezing items from 30-90 minutes. Zaronchentsev (b. 1879) who had pioneered refrigeration engineering while studying at the Institute of Transportation in Moscow prior to the Russian Revolution, later oversaw the construction of numerous packaging houses, cold storage facilities, and thousands of refrigerated railwar cars. From 1922 to 1927 he had become the general manager of the Estonion packing house A/S Kulmetus, with many of th ephotos here showing his work in Estonia, and across Europe during the period. In 1928, he contracted with the British firm H. Smethurst \u0026amp; Co. in Grimsby which used his technology to freeze, package and market frozen salmon rolls, fish ovals, fish cakes, and others, shown here in the photos, but three years later decided he would have to move to the U.S. for financing and build the company.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"In New York, he contracted initially with the Francis Metal Door \u0026amp; Window Corp. in Rochester, NY to build his specialty freezers, and equipment, and incorporated as the American Z Corporation, with branches in Brooklyn, NY and other locales. He also began setting up test farms to grow vegetables, fruits, and poultry, especially duck, to develop a whole line of locally sourced frozen goods using his equipment. The carefully annotated photographs show the many different products frozen and being frozen including green peas, frozen shrimp in pans and cartons, pork chops, ham and pork bellies, pork brains in cartons, lamb chops, duck, fish fillets, and sausages, including those in cellophane display cartons. The patented 'brine-fog-' method together with applied pure cane sugar prevented fruit from losing their colour, as well as preserving aroma, nutrients, and essential vitamins. By 1938, the Japanese firm Nippon Suisan had tested the devices, and methods of cold storage facilities and production facilities in Misaki, Nemuro, and Takao (Taiwan), focused primarily on farm shrimp marketed as Horai Shrimp in Japan, and frozen swordfish exported across the Pacific.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Z Process Quick Freezing Collection consists of pamphlets and a photograph album. The pamphlets contain information on the quick freezing method developed by Mikhail Trofimovich Zarochentsev. The photograph album consists of images related to the freezing methods and equipments. The quick freezing method acted as a sanitary method to freeze seafood, meats, fruits, and vegetables and to maintain their nutritional values and taste. ","The pamphlets consist of three pamphlets, which are listed on the bibliography in the folder. The pamphlets explain how Zarochentsev created the Z Process, with details on the his methodology. One article tells of his experience developing the method, how he uses \"three of the known methods of heat transfer--radiation, conduction, and convections,\" and his successful work in Europe and the U.S. Another pamphlet describes the advantages of the Z Process over other freezing processes. ","The photograph album contains 186 photographs that illustrate the refrigeration process, fishing vessells, packaging, animals, meats, and more. Most photos include captions. ","According to the original sale document:","\"This souvenir sales photo album, and accompanying literature document the extraordinary advancement in quick-freezing technology and food preservation by this pioneering Russian-American engineer. Zaronchentsev had developed a technique of placing all of the products to be frozen on mesh metal shelving which would then be sprayed with a calcium chloride brine solution as a mist, which speeded the freezing process. This method was entirely different from the flash freezing methods developed by Clarence Birdseye, whose innovations involved holding packaged food between two metal belts chilled to -45 degrees Fahrenheit, or under pressure between two hollow metal plates chilled to -25 degrees Fahrenheit through evaporation of ammonia, freezing items from 30-90 minutes. Zaronchentsev (b. 1879) who had pioneered refrigeration engineering while studying at the Institute of Transportation in Moscow prior to the Russian Revolution, later oversaw the construction of numerous packaging houses, cold storage facilities, and thousands of refrigerated railwar cars. From 1922 to 1927 he had become the general manager of the Estonion packing house A/S Kulmetus, with many of th ephotos here showing his work in Estonia, and across Europe during the period. In 1928, he contracted with the British firm H. Smethurst \u0026 Co. in Grimsby which used his technology to freeze, package and market frozen salmon rolls, fish ovals, fish cakes, and others, shown here in the photos, but three years later decided he would have to move to the U.S. for financing and build the company.","\"In New York, he contracted initially with the Francis Metal Door \u0026 Window Corp. in Rochester, NY to build his specialty freezers, and equipment, and incorporated as the American Z Corporation, with branches in Brooklyn, NY and other locales. He also began setting up test farms to grow vegetables, fruits, and poultry, especially duck, to develop a whole line of locally sourced frozen goods using his equipment. The carefully annotated photographs show the many different products frozen and being frozen including green peas, frozen shrimp in pans and cartons, pork chops, ham and pork bellies, pork brains in cartons, lamb chops, duck, fish fillets, and sausages, including those in cellophane display cartons. The patented 'brine-fog-' method together with applied pure cane sugar prevented fruit from losing their colour, as well as preserving aroma, nutrients, and essential vitamins. By 1938, the Japanese firm Nippon Suisan had tested the devices, and methods of cold storage facilities and production facilities in Misaki, Nemuro, and Takao (Taiwan), focused primarily on farm shrimp marketed as Horai Shrimp in Japan, and frozen swordfish exported across the Pacific.\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n\u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e9331d23f7f91063225a8e532a200388\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Z Process Quick Freezing Collection consists of pamphlets and a photograph album. The pamphlets contain information on the quick freezing method developed by Mikhail Trofimovich Zarochentsev. The photograph album consists of images related to the freezing methods and equipments. The quick freezing method acted as a sanitary method to freeze seafood, meats, fruits, and vegetables and to maintain their nutritional values and taste.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Z Process Quick Freezing Collection consists of pamphlets and a photograph album. The pamphlets contain information on the quick freezing method developed by Mikhail Trofimovich Zarochentsev. The photograph album consists of images related to the freezing methods and equipments. The quick freezing method acted as a sanitary method to freeze seafood, meats, fruits, and vegetables and to maintain their nutritional values and taste."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"language_ssim":["Materials in this collection are in English."],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:01:52.369Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4263"}},{"id":"viur_repositories_4_resources_13_c148","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Zygophyllaceae","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viur_repositories_4_resources_13_c148#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viur_repositories_4_resources_13_c148","ref_ssm":["viur_repositories_4_resources_13_c148"],"id":"viur_repositories_4_resources_13_c148","ead_ssi":"viur_repositories_4_resources_13","_root_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_13","_nest_parent_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_13","parent_ssi":"viur_repositories_4_resources_13","parent_ssim":["viur_repositories_4_resources_13"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viur_repositories_4_resources_13"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["W. H. Brown Botanical Drawings Collection"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["W. H. Brown Botanical Drawings Collection"],"text":["W. H. Brown Botanical Drawings Collection","Zygophyllaceae","Cruz","box 13","folder 7","The only named artist is Cruz"],"title_filing_ssi":"Zygophyllaceae ","title_ssm":["Zygophyllaceae"],"title_tesim":["Zygophyllaceae"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1937"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1937"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Zygophyllaceae"],"component_level_isim":[1],"repository_ssim":["University of Richmond"],"collection_ssim":["W. H. Brown Botanical Drawings Collection"],"extent_ssm":["5 Items"],"extent_tesim":["5 Items"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":1,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":702,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no restrictions on accessing material in this collection."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Copyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"date_range_isim":[1937],"names_ssim":["Cruz"],"famname_ssim":["Cruz"],"containers_ssim":["box 13","folder 7"],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe only named artist is \u003cfamname\u003eCruz\u003c/famname\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["The only named artist is Cruz"],"_nest_path_":"/components#147","timestamp":"2026-05-21T04:09:03.363Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viur_repositories_4_resources_13","ead_ssi":"viur_repositories_4_resources_13","_root_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_13","_nest_parent_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_13","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/RICH/repositories_4_resources_13.xml","title_ssm":["W. H. Brown Botanical Drawings Collection"],"title_tesim":["W. H. Brown Botanical Drawings Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1930-1939"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1930-1939"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS-23","/repositories/4/resources/13"],"text":["MS-23","/repositories/4/resources/13","W. H. Brown Botanical Drawings Collection","Plants in art","Botanical illustration","There are no restrictions on accessing material in this collection.","This collection is organized alphabetically by family name. Arrangement within folder is alphabetical by how drawings are labeled; sometimes this is common name and sometimes it is scientific name. Changes in family names and other classification/name changes are noted throughout. Each folder is labeled with its scientific family name and contains the drawings belonging to that family, in alphabetical order.","These drawings were donated by Dr. John Hayden, a professor of biology at the University of Richmond. He recieved his Ph.D. at the University of Maryland and focuses on the morphology, anatomy, and systematics of plants. His research concerns plants of the family Euphorbiaceae, Virginia flora, and Yucatan ethnobotany and floristics.","The dates mentioned are 1937; the artists and other names are R. Graham , J Galvante ; one drawing labeled on the back as dill looks like fennel","The only named artists are RIT , J Galvante , Yatco","The only named artist is Stella Dernoga","The only named artist is CZ","\"The AGP II states that Alangiaceae is a synonym of Cornaceae but still recognizes it as a nom. cons.\"","The only named artist is Stella Dernoga","The only named artist is Santiago","Notes: two marked Furcreae/ Amaryllidaceae but those belong elsewhere..\n** 3/21 moved to Agavaceae w/ other Fucraea","Named artists are J Galvante , Chris Mikolaitis , H Vasquez , RIT","these are in this folder but belong to a different family that does not have a folder- Alstroemeriaceae","Named artists are Cruz , R. ICO , Galvante , Santiago","Named artists are Santiago , Cruz , Galvante \nNote some of the Plumeria names are invalid","note: \"Los Banos Target range\"","One tiny illustration unidentified, partial label on back says \"thopana\"","Named artists are Dernoga , Santiago , Cruz","The only named artist is Galvante","Named artists are RIT , Vasquez , Yatco \n\"According to APG II, the Asclepiadaceae is a former plant family now treated as a subfamily (subfamily Asclepiadoideae) in the Apocynaceae (Bruyns 2000).\"","The only named artist is RIT \nnotes: Baguio City, Philippines mentioned \"from Baguio\"","The only named artist is Galvante","Named artists are Grace Parker , Chris Mikolautis , Stella Dernoga","labeled \"from Phillippines\"","The only named artist is Vasquez","\"Bombacaceae is no longer recognized by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group I 1998, II 2003 and Kubitzki system 2003 at the rank of family, the bulk of the taxa in question being treated as subfamilies Bombacoideae and Helicteroideae within family Malvaceae sensu lato.\"","also labeled \"Kapok\"","some of these glued down to a sheet of paper, not ready to pop off","\"The Boraginaceae is paraphyletic with respect to Hydrophyllaceae and the latter is included in the former in the APG II system. In some recent classifications the Boraginaceae is broken up into several families: Boraginaceae sensu stricto, Cordiaceae, Ehretiaceae, Heliotropiaceae, Lennoaceae, and Hydrophyllaceae.\"","four pieces glued together","The only named artist is Stella Dergona","Named artists are Vasquez , Galvante , CZ \n\"Caesalpinioideae is a botanical name at the rank of subfamily, placed in the large family Fabaceae or Leguminosae.\"","The only named artist is Santiago","Notes: coca is in wrong folder, belongs to Erythroxlaceae Family\n**3/21 Moved to Erythroxlaceae Folder","The only named artist is Chris Mikolaitis","Although widely recognized in most plant classifications (notably the Cronquist system), the more recent gene-based APG system (1998) and the APG II system (2003) have included these plants in the family Amaranthaceae","The only named artist is Vasquez","names: Santiago, RIT, Vasquez, Galvante","Baguinio- Mt. Prov., one goldenrod drawing is very creased","Named artists are Galvante , Iananaco , Cruz , Vasquez","Brassicaceae is also an accepted alternative name, Cruciferae is the older name\nBaguio is noted on Shanghai Cabbage","Named artists are Galvante , RIT","most labeled Panama Palm, Carludodovia palmata, some just with the genus name, labelling suggests they're all the same plant","The only named artist is Vasquez","The only named artist is Vasquez","one drawing says \"from Miyazaki\" a city in Japan","The only named artist is Galavante","The only named artist is Chris Mikolaitis","Names: Chris Mikolaitis","Named artists are Galvante and Santiago","The only named artist is Yacto/Hatco","Named artists are M.T. Cruz , Chris Mikolaitis , Stella Dervoga","new name Rhododendron japonicum (A. Gray) Sur.","this plant is now sometimes classified as part of the Saxifragacea family","Named artists are Galvante , Yateo , Vasquez , Santiago","The only named artist is Stella Dernoga","The only named artist is Santiago","New family Salicaeae","new family Salicaeae","New family Salicaeae","New family Achariaceae","New family Salicaeae?","The only named artists are Cruz , Santiago , Vasquez","interesting to see drawings in progress (one pencil, one partially inked)\nmost labeled using Geranium, but a few also use the genus name Pelargonium","Named artists are Cruz , Vasquez \nnotes: Allopectus should actually be Alloplectus?","accepted name Agalmyla chorisepala","one oversize","2 Ink by Yatco , Aug 1937","1 ink/sketch by Galavante , Aug 27-28/1937\n1 ink by Yatco , Aug 27/1937","Plus one info sheet, not counted","The only named artist is Chris Mikolaitis","Named artists are RIT , Vasquez","dates: 8/10/37, 8/3/37","The only named artist is Galvante","The only named artist is Chris Mikolaitis","Named artists are Stella Dernoga , Chris Mikolaitis , Parker , Larkspur , Grace Parker","The only named artist is Cruz","These files were found in the B2 workroom, separate from the collection. Most have water damage either from basement flooding or previous storage. Some have mold. ","Indexed and moved to Vault with rest of the collection, labeled as Box 14","Much of the initial collection information and organizing was completed by Dr. Hayden and his students prior to transfer. Processed by Alison Stokes, Brooklyn Student Assistants; Mary Lamb, Intern; Betty Dickie, Spec. Coll. Cataloging and Preservation Associate.","This collection is made up of 14 boxes containing over 2000 hand-drawn ink botanical illustrations, completed by various artists in the 1930s. Most drawings are undated, but dates are noted when provided. There is very little information on the drawings (beyond plant structure, etc.), so locations and artist names are noted when available. Unlabeled drawings that are obvious parts of other labeled collages were labeled on the back with that plant name. Anything unsure or unlabeled was left as-is and described as unidentified. Box 14 contains miscellaneous drawings seprated from the collection due to water damage or mold.","Copyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.","This collection contains more than 2000 original botanical drawings primarily completed in the 1930s and identified by their scientific names.","University of Richmond ","R. Graham","J Galvante","RIT","Yatco","Stella Dernoga","CZ","Santiago","Chris Mikolaitis","H Vasquez","Cruz","ICO","Galvante","Dernoga","Vasquez"," Grace Parker","Chris Mikolautis","Stella Dergona","Iananaco","Galavante","M.T.","Stella Dervoga","Yateo","Mikolaitis","Parker","Larkspur","Grace Parker","English Latin"],"unitid_tesim":["MS-23","/repositories/4/resources/13"],"normalized_title_ssm":["W. H. Brown Botanical Drawings Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["W. H. Brown Botanical Drawings Collection"],"collection_ssim":["W. H. Brown Botanical Drawings Collection"],"repository_ssm":["University of Richmond"],"repository_ssim":["University of Richmond"],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated to the library by Dr. John Hayden, Professor of Biology, University of Richmond"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Plants in art","Botanical illustration"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Plants in art","Botanical illustration"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["13 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["13 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Botanical illustration"],"date_range_isim":[1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions on accessing material in this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions on accessing material in this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is organized alphabetically by family name. Arrangement within folder is alphabetical by how drawings are labeled; sometimes this is common name and sometimes it is scientific name. Changes in family names and other classification/name changes are noted throughout. Each folder is labeled with its scientific family name and contains the drawings belonging to that family, in alphabetical order.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is organized alphabetically by family name. Arrangement within folder is alphabetical by how drawings are labeled; sometimes this is common name and sometimes it is scientific name. Changes in family names and other classification/name changes are noted throughout. Each folder is labeled with its scientific family name and contains the drawings belonging to that family, in alphabetical order."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThese drawings were donated by Dr. John Hayden, a professor of biology at the University of Richmond. He recieved his Ph.D. at the University of Maryland and focuses on the morphology, anatomy, and systematics of plants. His research concerns plants of the family Euphorbiaceae, Virginia flora, and Yucatan ethnobotany and floristics.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["These drawings were donated by Dr. John Hayden, a professor of biology at the University of Richmond. He recieved his Ph.D. at the University of Maryland and focuses on the morphology, anatomy, and systematics of plants. His research concerns plants of the family Euphorbiaceae, Virginia flora, and Yucatan ethnobotany and floristics."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe dates mentioned are 1937; the artists and other names are \u003cfamname\u003eR. Graham\u003c/famname\u003e, \u003cfamname\u003eJ Galvante\u003c/famname\u003e; one drawing labeled on the back as dill looks like fennel\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe only named artists are \u003cfamname\u003eRIT\u003c/famname\u003e, \u003cfamname\u003eJ Galvante\u003c/famname\u003e, \u003cfamname\u003eYatco\u003c/famname\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe only named artist is \u003cfamname\u003eStella Dernoga\u003c/famname\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe only named artist is \u003cfamname\u003eCZ\u003c/famname\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"The AGP II states that Alangiaceae is a synonym of Cornaceae but still recognizes it as a nom. cons.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe only named artist is \u003cfamname\u003eStella Dernoga\u003c/famname\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe only named artist is \u003cfamname\u003eSantiago\u003c/famname\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotes: two marked Furcreae/ Amaryllidaceae but those belong elsewhere..\n** 3/21 moved to Agavaceae w/ other Fucraea\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNamed artists are \u003cfamname\u003eJ Galvante\u003c/famname\u003e, \u003cfamname\u003eChris Mikolaitis\u003c/famname\u003e, \u003cfamname\u003eH Vasquez\u003c/famname\u003e, \u003cfamname\u003eRIT\u003c/famname\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ethese are in this folder but belong to a different family that does not have a folder- Alstroemeriaceae\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNamed artists are \u003cfamname\u003eCruz\u003c/famname\u003e, R. \u003cfamname\u003eICO\u003c/famname\u003e, \u003cfamname\u003eGalvante\u003c/famname\u003e, \u003cfamname\u003eSantiago\u003c/famname\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNamed artists are \u003cfamname\u003eSantiago\u003c/famname\u003e, \u003cfamname\u003eCruz\u003c/famname\u003e, \u003cfamname\u003eGalvante\u003c/famname\u003e\nNote some of the Plumeria names are invalid\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003enote: \"Los Banos Target range\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOne tiny illustration unidentified, partial label on back says \"thopana\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNamed artists are \u003cfamname\u003eDernoga\u003c/famname\u003e, \u003cfamname\u003eSantiago\u003c/famname\u003e, \u003cfamname\u003eCruz\u003c/famname\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe only named artist is \u003cfamname\u003eGalvante\u003c/famname\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNamed artists are \u003cfamname\u003eRIT\u003c/famname\u003e, \u003cfamname\u003eVasquez\u003c/famname\u003e, \u003cfamname\u003eYatco\u003c/famname\u003e\n\"According to APG II, the Asclepiadaceae is a former plant family now treated as a subfamily (subfamily Asclepiadoideae) in the Apocynaceae (Bruyns 2000).\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe only named artist is \u003cfamname\u003eRIT\u003c/famname\u003e\nnotes: Baguio City, Philippines mentioned \"from Baguio\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe only named artist is \u003cfamname\u003eGalvante\u003c/famname\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNamed artists are\u003cfamname\u003e Grace Parker\u003c/famname\u003e, \u003cfamname\u003eChris Mikolautis\u003c/famname\u003e, \u003cfamname\u003eStella Dernoga\u003c/famname\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003elabeled \"from Phillippines\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe only named artist is Vasquez\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Bombacaceae is no longer recognized by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group I 1998, II 2003 and Kubitzki system 2003 at the rank of family, the bulk of the taxa in question being treated as subfamilies Bombacoideae and Helicteroideae within family Malvaceae sensu lato.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ealso labeled \"Kapok\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003esome of these glued down to a sheet of paper, not ready to pop off\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"The Boraginaceae is paraphyletic with respect to Hydrophyllaceae and the latter is included in the former in the APG II system. In some recent classifications the Boraginaceae is broken up into several families: Boraginaceae sensu stricto, Cordiaceae, Ehretiaceae, Heliotropiaceae, Lennoaceae, and Hydrophyllaceae.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003efour pieces glued together\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe only named artist is \u003cfamname\u003eStella Dergona\u003c/famname\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNamed artists are \u003cfamname\u003eVasquez\u003c/famname\u003e, \u003cfamname\u003eGalvante\u003c/famname\u003e, \u003cfamname\u003eCZ\u003c/famname\u003e\n\"Caesalpinioideae is a botanical name at the rank of subfamily, placed in the large family Fabaceae or Leguminosae.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe only named artist is \u003cfamname\u003eSantiago\u003c/famname\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotes: coca is in wrong folder, belongs to Erythroxlaceae Family\n**3/21 Moved to Erythroxlaceae Folder\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe only named artist is \u003cfamname\u003eChris Mikolaitis\u003c/famname\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlthough widely recognized in most plant classifications (notably the Cronquist system), the more recent gene-based APG system (1998) and the APG II system (2003) have included these plants in the family Amaranthaceae\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe only named artist is \u003cfamname\u003eVasquez\u003c/famname\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003enames: Santiago, RIT, Vasquez, Galvante\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBaguinio- Mt. Prov., one goldenrod drawing is very creased\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNamed artists are \u003cfamname\u003eGalvante\u003c/famname\u003e, \u003cfamname\u003eIananaco\u003c/famname\u003e, \u003cfamname\u003eCruz\u003c/famname\u003e, \u003cfamname\u003eVasquez\u003c/famname\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBrassicaceae is also an accepted alternative name, Cruciferae is the older name\nBaguio is noted on Shanghai Cabbage\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNamed artists are \u003cfamname\u003eGalvante\u003c/famname\u003e, \u003cfamname\u003eRIT\u003c/famname\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003emost labeled Panama Palm, Carludodovia palmata, some just with the genus name, labelling suggests they're all the same plant\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe only named artist is Vasquez\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe only named artist is Vasquez\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eone drawing says \"from Miyazaki\" a city in Japan\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe only named artist is \u003cfamname\u003eGalavante\u003c/famname\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe only named artist is \u003cfamname\u003eChris Mikolaitis\u003c/famname\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNames: Chris Mikolaitis\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNamed artists are \u003cfamname\u003eGalvante\u003c/famname\u003eand \u003cfamname\u003eSantiago\u003c/famname\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe only named artist is Yacto/Hatco\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNamed artists are \u003cfamname\u003eM.T.\u003c/famname\u003e \u003cfamname\u003eCruz\u003c/famname\u003e, \u003cfamname\u003eChris Mikolaitis\u003c/famname\u003e, \u003cfamname\u003eStella Dervoga\u003c/famname\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003enew name Rhododendron japonicum (A. Gray) Sur.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ethis plant is now sometimes classified as part of the Saxifragacea family\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNamed artists are \u003cfamname\u003eGalvante\u003c/famname\u003e, \u003cfamname\u003eYateo\u003c/famname\u003e, \u003cfamname\u003eVasquez\u003c/famname\u003e, \u003cfamname\u003eSantiago\u003c/famname\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe only named artist is \u003cfamname\u003eStella Dernoga\u003c/famname\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe only named artist is \u003cfamname\u003eSantiago\u003c/famname\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNew family Salicaeae\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003enew family Salicaeae\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNew family Salicaeae\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNew family Achariaceae\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNew family Salicaeae?\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe only named artists are \u003cfamname\u003eCruz\u003c/famname\u003e, \u003cfamname\u003eSantiago\u003c/famname\u003e, \u003cfamname\u003eVasquez\u003c/famname\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003einteresting to see drawings in progress (one pencil, one partially inked)\nmost labeled using Geranium, but a few also use the genus name Pelargonium\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNamed artists are \u003cfamname\u003eCruz\u003c/famname\u003e, \u003cfamname\u003eVasquez\u003c/famname\u003e\nnotes: Allopectus should actually be Alloplectus?\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eaccepted name Agalmyla chorisepala\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eone oversize\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2 Ink by \u003cfamname\u003eYatco\u003c/famname\u003e, Aug 1937\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 ink/sketch by \u003cfamname\u003eGalavante\u003c/famname\u003e, Aug 27-28/1937\n1 ink by \u003cfamname\u003eYatco\u003c/famname\u003e, Aug 27/1937\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePlus one info sheet, not counted\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe only named artist is Chris \u003cfamname\u003eMikolaitis\u003c/famname\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNamed artists are \u003cfamname\u003eRIT\u003c/famname\u003e, \u003cfamname\u003eVasquez\u003c/famname\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003edates: 8/10/37, 8/3/37\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe only named artist is \u003cfamname\u003eGalvante\u003c/famname\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe only named artist is Chris \u003cfamname\u003eMikolaitis\u003c/famname\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNamed artists are \u003cfamname\u003eStella Dernoga\u003c/famname\u003e, \u003cfamname\u003eChris Mikolaitis\u003c/famname\u003e, \u003cfamname\u003eParker\u003c/famname\u003e, \u003cfamname\u003eLarkspur\u003c/famname\u003e, \u003cfamname\u003eGrace Parker\u003c/famname\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe only named artist is \u003cfamname\u003eCruz\u003c/famname\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese files were found in the B2 workroom, separate from the collection. Most have water damage either from basement flooding or previous storage. Some have mold. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIndexed and moved to Vault with rest of the collection, labeled as Box 14\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General"],"odd_tesim":["The dates mentioned are 1937; the artists and other names are R. Graham , J Galvante ; one drawing labeled on the back as dill looks like fennel","The only named artists are RIT , J Galvante , Yatco","The only named artist is Stella Dernoga","The only named artist is CZ","\"The AGP II states that Alangiaceae is a synonym of Cornaceae but still recognizes it as a nom. cons.\"","The only named artist is Stella Dernoga","The only named artist is Santiago","Notes: two marked Furcreae/ Amaryllidaceae but those belong elsewhere..\n** 3/21 moved to Agavaceae w/ other Fucraea","Named artists are J Galvante , Chris Mikolaitis , H Vasquez , RIT","these are in this folder but belong to a different family that does not have a folder- Alstroemeriaceae","Named artists are Cruz , R. ICO , Galvante , Santiago","Named artists are Santiago , Cruz , Galvante \nNote some of the Plumeria names are invalid","note: \"Los Banos Target range\"","One tiny illustration unidentified, partial label on back says \"thopana\"","Named artists are Dernoga , Santiago , Cruz","The only named artist is Galvante","Named artists are RIT , Vasquez , Yatco \n\"According to APG II, the Asclepiadaceae is a former plant family now treated as a subfamily (subfamily Asclepiadoideae) in the Apocynaceae (Bruyns 2000).\"","The only named artist is RIT \nnotes: Baguio City, Philippines mentioned \"from Baguio\"","The only named artist is Galvante","Named artists are Grace Parker , Chris Mikolautis , Stella Dernoga","labeled \"from Phillippines\"","The only named artist is Vasquez","\"Bombacaceae is no longer recognized by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group I 1998, II 2003 and Kubitzki system 2003 at the rank of family, the bulk of the taxa in question being treated as subfamilies Bombacoideae and Helicteroideae within family Malvaceae sensu lato.\"","also labeled \"Kapok\"","some of these glued down to a sheet of paper, not ready to pop off","\"The Boraginaceae is paraphyletic with respect to Hydrophyllaceae and the latter is included in the former in the APG II system. In some recent classifications the Boraginaceae is broken up into several families: Boraginaceae sensu stricto, Cordiaceae, Ehretiaceae, Heliotropiaceae, Lennoaceae, and Hydrophyllaceae.\"","four pieces glued together","The only named artist is Stella Dergona","Named artists are Vasquez , Galvante , CZ \n\"Caesalpinioideae is a botanical name at the rank of subfamily, placed in the large family Fabaceae or Leguminosae.\"","The only named artist is Santiago","Notes: coca is in wrong folder, belongs to Erythroxlaceae Family\n**3/21 Moved to Erythroxlaceae Folder","The only named artist is Chris Mikolaitis","Although widely recognized in most plant classifications (notably the Cronquist system), the more recent gene-based APG system (1998) and the APG II system (2003) have included these plants in the family Amaranthaceae","The only named artist is Vasquez","names: Santiago, RIT, Vasquez, Galvante","Baguinio- Mt. Prov., one goldenrod drawing is very creased","Named artists are Galvante , Iananaco , Cruz , Vasquez","Brassicaceae is also an accepted alternative name, Cruciferae is the older name\nBaguio is noted on Shanghai Cabbage","Named artists are Galvante , RIT","most labeled Panama Palm, Carludodovia palmata, some just with the genus name, labelling suggests they're all the same plant","The only named artist is Vasquez","The only named artist is Vasquez","one drawing says \"from Miyazaki\" a city in Japan","The only named artist is Galavante","The only named artist is Chris Mikolaitis","Names: Chris Mikolaitis","Named artists are Galvante and Santiago","The only named artist is Yacto/Hatco","Named artists are M.T. Cruz , Chris Mikolaitis , Stella Dervoga","new name Rhododendron japonicum (A. Gray) Sur.","this plant is now sometimes classified as part of the Saxifragacea family","Named artists are Galvante , Yateo , Vasquez , Santiago","The only named artist is Stella Dernoga","The only named artist is Santiago","New family Salicaeae","new family Salicaeae","New family Salicaeae","New family Achariaceae","New family Salicaeae?","The only named artists are Cruz , Santiago , Vasquez","interesting to see drawings in progress (one pencil, one partially inked)\nmost labeled using Geranium, but a few also use the genus name Pelargonium","Named artists are Cruz , Vasquez \nnotes: Allopectus should actually be Alloplectus?","accepted name Agalmyla chorisepala","one oversize","2 Ink by Yatco , Aug 1937","1 ink/sketch by Galavante , Aug 27-28/1937\n1 ink by Yatco , Aug 27/1937","Plus one info sheet, not counted","The only named artist is Chris Mikolaitis","Named artists are RIT , Vasquez","dates: 8/10/37, 8/3/37","The only named artist is Galvante","The only named artist is Chris Mikolaitis","Named artists are Stella Dernoga , Chris Mikolaitis , Parker , Larkspur , Grace Parker","The only named artist is Cruz","These files were found in the B2 workroom, separate from the collection. Most have water damage either from basement flooding or previous storage. Some have mold. ","Indexed and moved to Vault with rest of the collection, labeled as Box 14"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Box Number, Folder Number], MS-23, W. C. Brown Botanical Drawings Collection, Rare Books and Special Collections, Boatwright Memorial Library, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Box Number, Folder Number], MS-23, W. C. Brown Botanical Drawings Collection, Rare Books and Special Collections, Boatwright Memorial Library, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMuch of the initial collection information and organizing was completed by Dr. Hayden and his students prior to transfer. Processed by Alison Stokes, Brooklyn Student Assistants; Mary Lamb, Intern; Betty Dickie, Spec. Coll. Cataloging and Preservation Associate.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Much of the initial collection information and organizing was completed by Dr. Hayden and his students prior to transfer. Processed by Alison Stokes, Brooklyn Student Assistants; Mary Lamb, Intern; Betty Dickie, Spec. Coll. Cataloging and Preservation Associate."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is made up of 14 boxes containing over 2000 hand-drawn ink botanical illustrations, completed by various artists in the 1930s. Most drawings are undated, but dates are noted when provided. There is very little information on the drawings (beyond plant structure, etc.), so locations and artist names are noted when available. Unlabeled drawings that are obvious parts of other labeled collages were labeled on the back with that plant name. Anything unsure or unlabeled was left as-is and described as unidentified. Box 14 contains miscellaneous drawings seprated from the collection due to water damage or mold.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection is made up of 14 boxes containing over 2000 hand-drawn ink botanical illustrations, completed by various artists in the 1930s. Most drawings are undated, but dates are noted when provided. There is very little information on the drawings (beyond plant structure, etc.), so locations and artist names are noted when available. Unlabeled drawings that are obvious parts of other labeled collages were labeled on the back with that plant name. Anything unsure or unlabeled was left as-is and described as unidentified. Box 14 contains miscellaneous drawings seprated from the collection due to water damage or mold."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_292b1d89c62a3ee6826c4ddfb3eb795a\"\u003eThis collection contains more than 2000 original botanical drawings primarily completed in the 1930s and identified by their scientific names.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains more than 2000 original botanical drawings primarily completed in the 1930s and identified by their scientific names."],"names_ssim":["University of Richmond ","R. 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