{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1937\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Old+Dominion+University\u0026page=77","prev":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1937\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Old+Dominion+University\u0026page=76","next":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1937\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Old+Dominion+University\u0026page=78","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1937\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Old+Dominion+University\u0026page=85"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":77,"next_page":78,"prev_page":76,"total_pages":85,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":760,"total_count":846,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_141_c02_c04","type":"Sub-Series","attributes":{"title":"Sub-Series D: Programs, 1934/1977","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_141_c02_c04#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_141_c02_c04","ref_ssm":["vino_repositories_5_resources_141_c02_c04"],"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_141_c02_c04","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_141","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_141","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_141_c02","parent_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_141_c02","parent_ssim":["Bertha Fanning Taylor Papers, 1905/1977","Series II: Printed Materials, 1905/1977"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vino_repositories_5_resources_141","vino_repositories_5_resources_141_c02"],"title_filing_ssi":"Sub-Series D: Programs","title_ssm":["Sub-Series D: Programs"],"title_tesim":["Sub-Series D: Programs"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Sub-Series D: Programs, 1934/1977"],"text":["Sub-Series D: Programs, 1934/1977","Bertha Fanning Taylor Papers, 1905/1977","Series II: Printed Materials, 1905/1977"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Bertha Fanning Taylor Papers, 1905/1977","Series II: Printed Materials, 1905/1977"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Bertha Fanning Taylor Papers, 1905/1977","Series II: Printed Materials, 1905/1977"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1934/1977"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1934-1977, undated"],"level_ssm":["Sub-Series"],"level_ssim":["Sub-series"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":51,"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"collection_ssim":["Bertha Fanning Taylor Papers, 1905/1977"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":1,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to researchers without restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"date_range_isim":[1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#3","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:23.934Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_141","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_141","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_141","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_141","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_5_resources_141.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archivesguides.lib.odu.edu/repositories/5/resources/141","title_filing_ssi":"Taylor, Bertha Fanning","title_ssm":["Bertha Fanning Taylor Papers"],"title_tesim":["Bertha Fanning Taylor Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1905-1977, undated","Date acquired: 03/04/1981"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1905-1977, undated"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 03/04/1981"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1905/1977"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Bertha Fanning Taylor Papers, 1905/1977"],"text":["Bertha Fanning Taylor Papers, 1905/1977","MG 44","/repositories/5/resources/141","Artists--United States","Women artists--United States","Collection is open to researchers without restrictions.","The collections is organized into seven series: Series I: Literary Productions; Series II: Printed Materials; Series III: Correspondence; Series IV: Scrapbooks; Series V: Charts; Series VI: Photographic Material; and Series VII: Memorabilia.","Bertha Fanning Taylor was born on July 30, 1883 in New York City. She was the daughter of Spencer A. Fanning and Mary A. Switt. In 1889, she moved to Spotswood, New Jersey after her mother's death. In 1896, she attended Hunter College in New York. Upon graduation, Mrs. Taylor studied under Bryson Burroughs at the Women's Art School of Cooper Union in New York City where she received a certificate in 1903.","In 1908, Bertha Fanning married Norman Taylor who was Assistant Curator at the New York Botanical Gardens. The next year, Bertha Fanning Taylor and her husband went on a trip to the West Indies for botanical studies. In 1924, she went to Montpellier, France with her two daughters. From 1929-1933, Mrs. Taylor studied at L'Ecole du English-speaking groups at the Louvre and became assistant to the Art Editor in Paris for The American Herald. In this period, Mrs. Taylor exhibited many of her own works in major salons in Paris.","In 1933, Mrs. Taylor visited her daughter frequently in Rome and visited major art centers of Italy. At the outbreak of World War II, she lived for two months in Rome, but returned to the United States and lived in Greenwich Village.","Upon leaving New York in 1945, Mrs. Taylor came to Norfolk as Curator of the Sloane collection at the Heritage Foundation Museum. In 1948, she taught extension courses in art appreciation, art history, painting and drawing for the Norfolk Division of the College of William and Mary (presently Old Dominion University) until 1951. During this period Mrs. Taylor in 1950 began teaching classes in painting and drawing at the, Norfolk Museum of Arts and Sciences, as well as classes at the YWCA until 1960. She then opened her own studio.","In 1963, Mrs. Taylor was awarded the medal of the Order of the Palmes Academique by the French government for efforts in the founding of Salon Francais of the Women's Club in Norfolk, In 1966, Mrs. Taylor had a one person show at the Norfolk Museum of Arts of Sciences of graphic work, including drawings, etchings and wood block prints.","Mrs. Taylor published two works. The first was in 1959 entitled Form and Feeling in-Painting and the second in 1968 entitled My Fifteen Years in France. From 1968 to 1977 Mrs. Taylor was very active in the Norfolk Women's Club and taught students on a personal basis.","In 1977 Mrs. Taylor sustained a fall and stayed in the hospital for many weeks and then lived at the Medi-Center nursing home until her death on July 3, 1980.","A long time friend of Mrs. Taylor, Mr. Benjamin F. Clymer of the Reference Department at Old Dominion University summarized Mrs. Taylor as, \"Blue Blood, Blue Stocking, and True Blue with the brilliance of gold and the warmth of red.\"","Note written by Norman Taylor, Jr.","Publications by Bertha Fanning Taylor in the Libraries include: My fifteen years in France (Call #: ND237.T39 A3 1968) and Form and Feeling in Painting (Call #: ND1471 .T39 1959).","The collection contains literary productions, printed materials, correspondence, scrapbooks, charts, photographic materials, and memorabilia. Information in art and art forms is available in the collection. In addition to the artistic significance of the papers, the collection has a significance in the history of Norfolk, especially in the arts.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","Came to Norfolk in 1945 as Curator of the Sloane Collection at the Heritage Foundation Museum. Taught art courses at the Norfolk Division of the College of William and Mary until 1951. Includes literary productions, printed materials, correspondence, photographs, memorabilia, scrapbooks, and charts. In addition to the artistic significance of the papers, the collection documents the history of Norfolk, especially in the arts.","ODU Community Collections","Taylor, Bertha Fanning (1883-1980)","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Bertha Fanning Taylor Papers, 1905/1977"],"collection_ssim":["Bertha Fanning Taylor Papers, 1905/1977"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MG 44","/repositories/5/resources/141"],"unitid_tesim":["MG 44","/repositories/5/resources/141"],"repository_ssm":["Old Dominion University"],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"creator_ssm":["Taylor, Bertha Fanning (1883-1980)"],"creator_ssim":["Taylor, Bertha Fanning (1883-1980)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Taylor, Bertha Fanning (1883-1980)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections"],"creators_ssim":["Taylor, Bertha Fanning (1883-1980)","ODU Community Collections"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Norman Taylor, Jr","Gift. 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She was the daughter of Spencer A. Fanning and Mary A. Switt. In 1889, she moved to Spotswood, New Jersey after her mother's death. In 1896, she attended Hunter College in New York. Upon graduation, Mrs. Taylor studied under Bryson Burroughs at the Women's Art School of Cooper Union in New York City where she received a certificate in 1903.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1908, Bertha Fanning married Norman Taylor who was Assistant Curator at the New York Botanical Gardens. The next year, Bertha Fanning Taylor and her husband went on a trip to the West Indies for botanical studies. In 1924, she went to Montpellier, France with her two daughters. From 1929-1933, Mrs. Taylor studied at L'Ecole du English-speaking groups at the Louvre and became assistant to the Art Editor in Paris for The American Herald. In this period, Mrs. Taylor exhibited many of her own works in major salons in Paris.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1933, Mrs. Taylor visited her daughter frequently in Rome and visited major art centers of Italy. At the outbreak of World War II, she lived for two months in Rome, but returned to the United States and lived in Greenwich Village.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUpon leaving New York in 1945, Mrs. Taylor came to Norfolk as Curator of the Sloane collection at the Heritage Foundation Museum. In 1948, she taught extension courses in art appreciation, art history, painting and drawing for the Norfolk Division of the College of William and Mary (presently Old Dominion University) until 1951. During this period Mrs. Taylor in 1950 began teaching classes in painting and drawing at the, Norfolk Museum of Arts and Sciences, as well as classes at the YWCA until 1960. She then opened her own studio.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1963, Mrs. Taylor was awarded the medal of the Order of the Palmes Academique by the French government for efforts in the founding of Salon Francais of the Women's Club in Norfolk, In 1966, Mrs. Taylor had a one person show at the Norfolk Museum of Arts of Sciences of graphic work, including drawings, etchings and wood block prints.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMrs. Taylor published two works. The first was in 1959 entitled Form and Feeling in-Painting and the second in 1968 entitled My Fifteen Years in France. From 1968 to 1977 Mrs. Taylor was very active in the Norfolk Women's Club and taught students on a personal basis.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1977 Mrs. Taylor sustained a fall and stayed in the hospital for many weeks and then lived at the Medi-Center nursing home until her death on July 3, 1980.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA long time friend of Mrs. Taylor, Mr. Benjamin F. Clymer of the Reference Department at Old Dominion University summarized Mrs. Taylor as, \"Blue Blood, Blue Stocking, and True Blue with the brilliance of gold and the warmth of red.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote written by Norman Taylor, Jr.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Bertha Fanning Taylor was born on July 30, 1883 in New York City. She was the daughter of Spencer A. Fanning and Mary A. Switt. In 1889, she moved to Spotswood, New Jersey after her mother's death. In 1896, she attended Hunter College in New York. Upon graduation, Mrs. Taylor studied under Bryson Burroughs at the Women's Art School of Cooper Union in New York City where she received a certificate in 1903.","In 1908, Bertha Fanning married Norman Taylor who was Assistant Curator at the New York Botanical Gardens. The next year, Bertha Fanning Taylor and her husband went on a trip to the West Indies for botanical studies. In 1924, she went to Montpellier, France with her two daughters. From 1929-1933, Mrs. Taylor studied at L'Ecole du English-speaking groups at the Louvre and became assistant to the Art Editor in Paris for The American Herald. In this period, Mrs. Taylor exhibited many of her own works in major salons in Paris.","In 1933, Mrs. Taylor visited her daughter frequently in Rome and visited major art centers of Italy. At the outbreak of World War II, she lived for two months in Rome, but returned to the United States and lived in Greenwich Village.","Upon leaving New York in 1945, Mrs. Taylor came to Norfolk as Curator of the Sloane collection at the Heritage Foundation Museum. In 1948, she taught extension courses in art appreciation, art history, painting and drawing for the Norfolk Division of the College of William and Mary (presently Old Dominion University) until 1951. During this period Mrs. Taylor in 1950 began teaching classes in painting and drawing at the, Norfolk Museum of Arts and Sciences, as well as classes at the YWCA until 1960. She then opened her own studio.","In 1963, Mrs. Taylor was awarded the medal of the Order of the Palmes Academique by the French government for efforts in the founding of Salon Francais of the Women's Club in Norfolk, In 1966, Mrs. Taylor had a one person show at the Norfolk Museum of Arts of Sciences of graphic work, including drawings, etchings and wood block prints.","Mrs. Taylor published two works. The first was in 1959 entitled Form and Feeling in-Painting and the second in 1968 entitled My Fifteen Years in France. From 1968 to 1977 Mrs. Taylor was very active in the Norfolk Women's Club and taught students on a personal basis.","In 1977 Mrs. Taylor sustained a fall and stayed in the hospital for many weeks and then lived at the Medi-Center nursing home until her death on July 3, 1980.","A long time friend of Mrs. Taylor, Mr. Benjamin F. Clymer of the Reference Department at Old Dominion University summarized Mrs. Taylor as, \"Blue Blood, Blue Stocking, and True Blue with the brilliance of gold and the warmth of red.\"","Note written by Norman Taylor, Jr."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Bertha Fanning Taylor Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Bertha Fanning Taylor Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePublications by Bertha Fanning Taylor in the Libraries include: My fifteen years in France (Call #: ND237.T39 A3 1968) and Form and Feeling in Painting (Call #: ND1471 .T39 1959).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Publications by Bertha Fanning Taylor in the Libraries include: My fifteen years in France (Call #: ND237.T39 A3 1968) and Form and Feeling in Painting (Call #: ND1471 .T39 1959)."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains literary productions, printed materials, correspondence, scrapbooks, charts, photographic materials, and memorabilia. Information in art and art forms is available in the collection. In addition to the artistic significance of the papers, the collection has a significance in the history of Norfolk, especially in the arts.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains literary productions, printed materials, correspondence, scrapbooks, charts, photographic materials, and memorabilia. Information in art and art forms is available in the collection. In addition to the artistic significance of the papers, the collection has a significance in the history of Norfolk, especially in the arts."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_6c1eaff4f8dabafb16b44e523f1d6d76\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eCame to Norfolk in 1945 as Curator of the Sloane Collection at the Heritage Foundation Museum. Taught art courses at the Norfolk Division of the College of William and Mary until 1951. Includes literary productions, printed materials, correspondence, photographs, memorabilia, scrapbooks, and charts. In addition to the artistic significance of the papers, the collection documents the history of Norfolk, especially in the arts.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Came to Norfolk in 1945 as Curator of the Sloane Collection at the Heritage Foundation Museum. Taught art courses at the Norfolk Division of the College of William and Mary until 1951. Includes literary productions, printed materials, correspondence, photographs, memorabilia, scrapbooks, and charts. In addition to the artistic significance of the papers, the collection documents the history of Norfolk, especially in the arts."],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Taylor, Bertha Fanning (1883-1980)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Taylor, Bertha Fanning (1883-1980)"],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Taylor, Bertha Fanning (1883-1980)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":109,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:23.934Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_141_c02_c04"}},{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_103_c01_c04","type":"Sub-Series","attributes":{"title":"Sub-Series D: Sons of Italy, 1912/1972","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_103_c01_c04#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_103_c01_c04","ref_ssm":["vino_repositories_5_resources_103_c01_c04"],"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_103_c01_c04","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_103","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_103","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_103_c01","parent_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_103_c01","parent_ssim":["Benjamin A. Banks Papers, 1855/1974","Series I: Personal Papers, 1820/1974"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vino_repositories_5_resources_103","vino_repositories_5_resources_103_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"Sub-Series D: Sons of Italy","title_ssm":["Sub-Series D: Sons of Italy"],"title_tesim":["Sub-Series D: Sons of Italy"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Sub-Series D: Sons of Italy, 1912/1972"],"text":["Sub-Series D: Sons of Italy, 1912/1972","Benjamin A. Banks Papers, 1855/1974","Series I: Personal Papers, 1820/1974"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Benjamin A. Banks Papers, 1855/1974","Series I: Personal Papers, 1820/1974"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Benjamin A. Banks Papers, 1855/1974","Series I: Personal Papers, 1820/1974"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1912/1972"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1912-1972"],"level_ssm":["Sub-Series"],"level_ssim":["Sub-series"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":45,"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"collection_ssim":["Benjamin A. Banks Papers, 1855/1974"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":1,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open to researchers without restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"date_range_isim":[1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#3","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:21.092Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_103","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_103","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_103","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_103","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_5_resources_103.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archivesguides.lib.odu.edu/repositories/5/resources/103","title_filing_ssi":"Banks, Benjamin A.","title_ssm":["Benjamin A. Banks Papers"],"title_tesim":["Benjamin A. Banks Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1855-1974","Date acquired: 05/18/1976"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1855-1974"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 05/18/1976"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1855/1974"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Benjamin A. Banks Papers, 1855/1974"],"text":["Benjamin A. Banks Papers, 1855/1974","MG 6","/repositories/5/resources/103","Hampton Roads (Va.)--History--20th century","Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century","Legislators--Virginia--Hampton Roads","City council members--Virginia--Norfolk","Lawyers--Virginia--Norfolk","Publishers and publishing","Virginia--Politics and government--1865-1950","The collection is open to researchers without restrictions.","The materials are arranged chronologically and are organized into six series: Series I: Personal Papers; Series II: Political Papers; Series III: Scrapbooks; Series IV: Photographs; Series V: Books; and Series VI: Memorabilia.","Benjamin A. Banks (original family name Bonk) was born, according to his own testimony, on May 18, 1884, in Baltimore, Maryland. Soon after his father's death his family moved to Norfolk, Virginia, where they had relatives living. Banks received his only formal education in Norfolk's public schools. He then studied law on his own and was admitted to the Virginia Bar in November 1909. He continued to practice law until his death on April 27, 1974.","From 1908 through 1913, Banks served as editor and publisher of The Galaxy, a literary magazine which he hoped would enjoy critical and financial success not only in Norfolk but throughout the South. His colleague in this unsuccessful effort was local poet George Viett, who remained Banks' close friend until his death in 1943. Banks' first forays into the political arena in Norfolk were quite successful. He served on the Norfolk Board of Alderman from 1908 to 1911 at which point he resigned to take up the seat he had recently won in the Virginia House of Delegates. Banks did not run for reelection however, and all his subsequent attempts to return to public office: Virginia State Senate (1923); Commonwealth's Attorney for Norfolk (1925); House of Delegates (1933, 1937) ended in defeat. Nonetheless, he played an active role in Norfolk's Democratic politics from the 1900's through the 1940's. He participated in most local election campaigns and was frequently called on to make radio speeches on behalf of the candidates. For example, he successfully supported Norman Hamilton against Colgate Darden for Congress in 1936 and then aided Darden to defeat Hamilton in 1938. Banks was elected Norfolk chairman of the Virginia Liberal League in 1918 and, in 1937, he helped found the Citizen's Democratic League, a group that supported candidates against the dominant local Democratic organization, with only limited success, until its demise in the early 1940's. Banks was also an active campaigner for Democratic presidential candidates from Woodrow Wilson to George McGovern. He was particularly active in the Roosevelt clubs that developed in the 1930's.","Banks was a prominent member of the Norfolk Jewish community and was especially interested in promoting better understanding among Christians and Jews. He worked toward this goal in many letters written to local newspapers, especially in his annual Christmas \"epistles.\" His numerous letters to the editors of the leading Norfolk and Richmond newspapers dealt with many topics, more often with political issues - local, state, and national. Their range-from Prohibition and the Ku Klux Klan to Vietnam and Watergate - symbolize the length of his concerns with political issues. Bank's letters also won him plaudits from many members of the Tidewater community and from political figures throughout the entire Commonwealth of Virginia.","Note written by James F. Walsh","The papers of Benjamin Banks include letters to the editor, speeches, and literary materials. Political papers span Banks' political career (1908-1913) and his continuing involvement in political issues through the 1940's. Also included in the collection are scrapbooks of newspaper clippings, photographs, memorabilia, and Manuals of the Senate and House of Delegates of Virginia.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","Lawyer and prominent member of the Norfolk Jewish community. Served on the Norfolk Board of Aldermen (1908-1911) and in the Virginia House of Delegates (1911-1913). Active in local, state and national politics. Includes personal and political correspondence, scrapbooks, letters to the editor, and photographs.","ODU Community Collections","Virginia. General Assembly. House of Delegates","Virginia. General Assembly","Banks, Benjamin A. (1884-1974)","English\n      Yiddish"],"collection_title_tesim":["Benjamin A. Banks Papers, 1855/1974"],"collection_ssim":["Benjamin A. Banks Papers, 1855/1974"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MG 6","/repositories/5/resources/103"],"unitid_tesim":["MG 6","/repositories/5/resources/103"],"repository_ssm":["Old Dominion University"],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"geogname_ssm":["Hampton Roads (Va.)--History--20th century","Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Hampton Roads (Va.)--History--20th century","Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century"],"places_ssim":["Hampton Roads (Va.)--History--20th century","Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century"],"creator_ssm":["Banks, Benjamin A. (1884-1974)"],"creator_ssim":["Banks, Benjamin A. (1884-1974)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Banks, Benjamin A. (1884-1974)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Virginia. General Assembly. House of Delegates","Virginia. General Assembly"],"creators_ssim":["Banks, Benjamin A. (1884-1974)","ODU Community Collections","Virginia. General Assembly. House of Delegates","Virginia. General Assembly"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Helen G. Banks","Gift. Accession #A76-15"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Legislators--Virginia--Hampton Roads","City council members--Virginia--Norfolk","Lawyers--Virginia--Norfolk","Publishers and publishing","Virginia--Politics and government--1865-1950"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Legislators--Virginia--Hampton Roads","City council members--Virginia--Norfolk","Lawyers--Virginia--Norfolk","Publishers and publishing","Virginia--Politics and government--1865-1950"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["10.20 Linear Feet","18 Hollinger document cases; 1 Hollinger dropfront print box; 1 oversize box boxes"],"extent_tesim":["10.20 Linear Feet","18 Hollinger document cases; 1 Hollinger dropfront print box; 1 oversize box boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1976],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to researchers without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to researchers without restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials are arranged chronologically and are organized into six series: Series I: Personal Papers; Series II: Political Papers; Series III: Scrapbooks; Series IV: Photographs; Series V: Books; and Series VI: Memorabilia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The materials are arranged chronologically and are organized into six series: Series I: Personal Papers; Series II: Political Papers; Series III: Scrapbooks; Series IV: Photographs; Series V: Books; and Series VI: Memorabilia."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBenjamin A. Banks (original family name Bonk) was born, according to his own testimony, on May 18, 1884, in Baltimore, Maryland. Soon after his father's death his family moved to Norfolk, Virginia, where they had relatives living. Banks received his only formal education in Norfolk's public schools. He then studied law on his own and was admitted to the Virginia Bar in November 1909. He continued to practice law until his death on April 27, 1974.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrom 1908 through 1913, Banks served as editor and publisher of The Galaxy, a literary magazine which he hoped would enjoy critical and financial success not only in Norfolk but throughout the South. His colleague in this unsuccessful effort was local poet George Viett, who remained Banks' close friend until his death in 1943. Banks' first forays into the political arena in Norfolk were quite successful. He served on the Norfolk Board of Alderman from 1908 to 1911 at which point he resigned to take up the seat he had recently won in the Virginia House of Delegates. Banks did not run for reelection however, and all his subsequent attempts to return to public office: Virginia State Senate (1923); Commonwealth's Attorney for Norfolk (1925); House of Delegates (1933, 1937) ended in defeat. Nonetheless, he played an active role in Norfolk's Democratic politics from the 1900's through the 1940's. He participated in most local election campaigns and was frequently called on to make radio speeches on behalf of the candidates. For example, he successfully supported Norman Hamilton against Colgate Darden for Congress in 1936 and then aided Darden to defeat Hamilton in 1938. Banks was elected Norfolk chairman of the Virginia Liberal League in 1918 and, in 1937, he helped found the Citizen's Democratic League, a group that supported candidates against the dominant local Democratic organization, with only limited success, until its demise in the early 1940's. Banks was also an active campaigner for Democratic presidential candidates from Woodrow Wilson to George McGovern. He was particularly active in the Roosevelt clubs that developed in the 1930's.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBanks was a prominent member of the Norfolk Jewish community and was especially interested in promoting better understanding among Christians and Jews. He worked toward this goal in many letters written to local newspapers, especially in his annual Christmas \"epistles.\" His numerous letters to the editors of the leading Norfolk and Richmond newspapers dealt with many topics, more often with political issues - local, state, and national. Their range-from Prohibition and the Ku Klux Klan to Vietnam and Watergate - symbolize the length of his concerns with political issues. Bank's letters also won him plaudits from many members of the Tidewater community and from political figures throughout the entire Commonwealth of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote written by James F. Walsh\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Benjamin A. Banks (original family name Bonk) was born, according to his own testimony, on May 18, 1884, in Baltimore, Maryland. Soon after his father's death his family moved to Norfolk, Virginia, where they had relatives living. Banks received his only formal education in Norfolk's public schools. He then studied law on his own and was admitted to the Virginia Bar in November 1909. He continued to practice law until his death on April 27, 1974.","From 1908 through 1913, Banks served as editor and publisher of The Galaxy, a literary magazine which he hoped would enjoy critical and financial success not only in Norfolk but throughout the South. His colleague in this unsuccessful effort was local poet George Viett, who remained Banks' close friend until his death in 1943. Banks' first forays into the political arena in Norfolk were quite successful. He served on the Norfolk Board of Alderman from 1908 to 1911 at which point he resigned to take up the seat he had recently won in the Virginia House of Delegates. Banks did not run for reelection however, and all his subsequent attempts to return to public office: Virginia State Senate (1923); Commonwealth's Attorney for Norfolk (1925); House of Delegates (1933, 1937) ended in defeat. Nonetheless, he played an active role in Norfolk's Democratic politics from the 1900's through the 1940's. He participated in most local election campaigns and was frequently called on to make radio speeches on behalf of the candidates. For example, he successfully supported Norman Hamilton against Colgate Darden for Congress in 1936 and then aided Darden to defeat Hamilton in 1938. Banks was elected Norfolk chairman of the Virginia Liberal League in 1918 and, in 1937, he helped found the Citizen's Democratic League, a group that supported candidates against the dominant local Democratic organization, with only limited success, until its demise in the early 1940's. Banks was also an active campaigner for Democratic presidential candidates from Woodrow Wilson to George McGovern. He was particularly active in the Roosevelt clubs that developed in the 1930's.","Banks was a prominent member of the Norfolk Jewish community and was especially interested in promoting better understanding among Christians and Jews. He worked toward this goal in many letters written to local newspapers, especially in his annual Christmas \"epistles.\" His numerous letters to the editors of the leading Norfolk and Richmond newspapers dealt with many topics, more often with political issues - local, state, and national. Their range-from Prohibition and the Ku Klux Klan to Vietnam and Watergate - symbolize the length of his concerns with political issues. Bank's letters also won him plaudits from many members of the Tidewater community and from political figures throughout the entire Commonwealth of Virginia.","Note written by James F. Walsh"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers of Benjamin Banks include letters to the editor, speeches, and literary materials. Political papers span Banks' political career (1908-1913) and his continuing involvement in political issues through the 1940's. Also included in the collection are scrapbooks of newspaper clippings, photographs, memorabilia, and Manuals of the Senate and House of Delegates of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The papers of Benjamin Banks include letters to the editor, speeches, and literary materials. Political papers span Banks' political career (1908-1913) and his continuing involvement in political issues through the 1940's. Also included in the collection are scrapbooks of newspaper clippings, photographs, memorabilia, and Manuals of the Senate and House of Delegates of Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_db8b6bbda8dc93780c6c66436b6855d9\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eLawyer and prominent member of the Norfolk Jewish community. Served on the Norfolk Board of Aldermen (1908-1911) and in the Virginia House of Delegates (1911-1913). Active in local, state and national politics. Includes personal and political correspondence, scrapbooks, letters to the editor, and photographs.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Lawyer and prominent member of the Norfolk Jewish community. Served on the Norfolk Board of Aldermen (1908-1911) and in the Virginia House of Delegates (1911-1913). Active in local, state and national politics. Includes personal and political correspondence, scrapbooks, letters to the editor, and photographs."],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Virginia. General Assembly. House of Delegates","Virginia. General Assembly"],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia. General Assembly. House of Delegates","Virginia. General Assembly","Banks, Benjamin A. (1884-1974)"],"persname_ssim":["Banks, Benjamin A. (1884-1974)"],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Virginia. General Assembly. House of Delegates","Virginia. General Assembly","Banks, Benjamin A. (1884-1974)"],"language_ssim":["English\n      Yiddish"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":230,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:21.092Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_103_c01_c04"}},{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_67_c07_c04","type":"Sub-Series","attributes":{"title":"Sub-Series D: State Board of Education, 1929/1937","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_67_c07_c04#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eIncludes correspondence and other material regarding Hughes' tenure on the State Board of Education 1930-1935.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_67_c07_c04#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_67_c07_c04","ref_ssm":["vino_repositories_5_resources_67_c07_c04"],"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_67_c07_c04","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_67","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_67","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_67_c07","parent_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_67_c07","parent_ssim":["Robert Morton Hughes Papers, 1754/1950","Series VII: Education, 1878/1941"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vino_repositories_5_resources_67","vino_repositories_5_resources_67_c07"],"title_filing_ssi":"Sub-Series D: State Board of Education","title_ssm":["Sub-Series D: State Board of Education"],"title_tesim":["Sub-Series D: State Board of Education"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Sub-Series D: State Board of Education, 1929/1937"],"text":["Sub-Series D: State Board of Education, 1929/1937","Robert Morton Hughes Papers, 1754/1950","Series VII: Education, 1878/1941","Includes correspondence and other material regarding Hughes' tenure on the State Board of Education 1930-1935."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Robert Morton Hughes Papers, 1754/1950","Series VII: Education, 1878/1941"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Robert Morton Hughes Papers, 1754/1950","Series VII: Education, 1878/1941"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1929/1937"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1929-1937"],"level_ssm":["Sub-Series"],"level_ssim":["Sub-series"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":251,"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"collection_ssim":["Robert Morton Hughes Papers, 1754/1950"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":2,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Open to researchers without restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"date_range_isim":[1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIncludes correspondence and other material regarding Hughes' tenure on the State Board of Education 1930-1935.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Includes correspondence and other material regarding Hughes' tenure on the State Board of Education 1930-1935."],"_nest_path_":"/components#6/components#3","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:36.932Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_67","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_67","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_67","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_67","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_5_resources_67.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archivesguides.lib.odu.edu/repositories/5/resources/67","title_filing_ssi":"Hughes, Robert Morton","title_ssm":["Robert Morton Hughes Papers"],"title_tesim":["Robert Morton Hughes Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1754-1950, undated","Date acquired: 05/19/1976"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1754-1950, undated"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 05/19/1976"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1754/1950"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Robert Morton Hughes Papers, 1754/1950"],"text":["Robert Morton Hughes Papers, 1754/1950","MG 7","/repositories/5/resources/67","United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865","Lawyers--Virginia--Norfolk","Confederate States of America. Army","Open to researchers without restrictions.","Additional accessions made in 1980 and 1983.","The Hughes collection is divided into 14 series: Series I: Personal Correspondence; Series II: Financial Records; Series III: Speeches; Series IV: Writings; Series V: Legal Practice; Series VI: Politics; Series VII: Education; Series VIII: Memorabilia; Series IX: Photographs; Series X: Family Papers; Series XI: Historical Studies; Series XII: Index Cards; Series XIII: Miscellaneous; and Series XIV: Oversized Materials.","Robert Morton Hughes was born on September 10, 1855, in the house of his mother's adoptive parents, Gov. John B. Floyd and Sally Preston Floyd at Abingdon in southwestern Virginia. Through his parents, Robert W. Hughes and Eliza Johnston Hughes, he was related to many of Western Virginia's prominent families, including the Prestons, Johnstons, Mortons, and Floyds. Hughes lived in Washington, D.C. and Richmond while still a child but spent most of his early life in Abingdon. He was educated there, largely by private tutors.\nHughes entered the College of William and Mary in 1870 at the age of 15 and graduated with an A. B. degree in 1873. His association with William and Mary would continue throughout his adult life. Hughes served on the college's Board of Visitors from 1893 to 1918 and was rector from 1905 to 1918. He was also an active fundraiser for the college and was instrumental in the establishment of its Marshall-Wythe School of Government and Citizenship. In 1920 his grateful alma mater awarded him an honorary doctor of laws degree while in 1959 the library of the Norfolk branch of William and Mary (now Old Dominion University) was named in his memory.\nHughes also attended the University of Virginia where he studied law and earned a M.A. degree in 1877. After being admitted to the bar this same year, Hughes set up practice in Norfolk, Virginia, where he would continue to work until his retirement in 1920. His specialty was admiralty law. Hughes was elected president of the Virginia Bar Association in 1895 and of the Norfolk and Portsmouth Bar Association in 1907. In 1926 he was appointed by the Governor to a special commission created to suggest revisions to the Virginia constitution.\nHughes was a lifelong Republican, following the lead of his father who had been one of the first prominent Virginians to turn Republican during the Reconstruction period. This affiliation would not prove very rewarding for him. An unsuccessful Republican candidate for congress in 1902 and 1904, Hughes also failed in several attempts to be appointed to federal judgeships, beginning in 1897 when he sought to succeed his father as a judge in the district court at Norfolk, Hughes was a staunch conservative and the last years of his life found him ardently opposing the New Deal in general and Roosevelt's attacks on the Supreme Court in particular.\nWhile Hughes never held elective office he served his community in many other ways. Besides his long tenure on the Board of Visitors of William and Mary, he sat on the Board of Directors of the Norfolk Public Library from 1912 to 1938--he was president after 1921--and was a member of the State Board of Education from 1930 until 1935 when he resigned because of failing health. Hughes was also an active member of Christ Church (Episcopal) in Norfolk where he served as a vestryman from 1884 to 1928.\nHughes' major avocation, especially in later life, was that of amateur historian. His main interest was Virginia history and, within this field, the roles played by members of his own family. He felt particularly duty bound to defend the reputations of two close relatives: Gov. John B. Floyd (1806-1863), his adoptive maternal grandfather, and Gen. Joseph E. Johnston (1807-1891), U.S.A., C.S.A., his maternal great uncle. Johnston had in fact asked Hughes to write his official biography, a work which was published by Appleton in 1893. As a result of his commitment Hughes expended much time and energy writing articles and letters refuting \"incorrect\" statements by various authors which had directly or indirectly denigrated the careers or questioned the integrity of either man.\nRobert Morton Hughes died on January 15, 1940. He was survived by his wife - Mattie L. Smith Hughes, a son - Robert M. Hughes, Jr., and two grandchildren -Robert M. Hughes III and Carolyn Wright Hughes. A second son, Sydney Smith Hughes, had died in 1923.","Note written by Janice Halecki","Other papers related to Robert Morton Hughes can also be found in the Earl Gregg Swem Library at William \u0026 Mary (Mss. 65 H88 and UA 5.013).","The Hughes Papers are divided into three major sections. The first section contains Hughes' personal and political correspondence, speeches, literary efforts, small amounts of material related to his legal practice and to his involvement in Virginia political affairs (included is his participation in the Constitutional Commission of 1926-1927), and considerable material about his activities in support of education. Of particular note in this last area are his longtime association with the College of William and Mary (1870-1940) and his service on the State Board of Education (1930-1935).\nThe second section consists of correspondence and other papers originally belonging to certain of Hughes' relatives. Some of the correspondence goes back to the late 18th century. The major figures are Hughes' father Judge R. W. Hughes (d. 1901). his mother Eliza Johnston Hughes (d. 1908), his adoptive maternal grandfather John B. Floyd, (1806-1863) and his maternal great uncle Joseph E. Johnston, (1807-1891). Judge Hughes was one of the first prominent Virginian's to turn Republican in the post-Civil War Period; Floyd was Governor of Virginia (1849-1852), Secretary of War under Buchanan (1857-1860), and a general in the Confederate army (1861-1863); Johnston was a general in both the U.S. and Confederate armies (1860-1865). Among Hughes' papers are a number of incomplete drafts of Johnston's published war memoirs.\nThe third section consists of correspondence and other material related to Hughes' extensive activity as an amateur historian. The central topics are the careers of Gen. Johnston and Governor Floyd and after that Virginia and southern history in general.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","Contains personal and political correspondence regarding his legal practice, involvement in Virginia politics and his activities in support of education. Had longtime association with the College of William and Mary, served on the State Board of Education and the Board of Directors of the Norfolk Public Library. Significant aspect of this collection is the papers of his family, Governor John B. Floyd, General Joseph E. Johnston, and Judge Robert W. Hughes, important public figures before, during, and after the Civil War.","ODU Community Collections","College of William and Mary. Norfolk Division","College of William and Mary. Board of Visitors","Virginia. State Board of Education","Hughes family","Hughes, Robert M. (Robert Morton) (1855-1940)","Johnston, Joseph E. (Joseph Eggleston) (1807-1891)","Floyd, John B. (John Buchanan) (1806-1863)","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Robert Morton Hughes Papers, 1754/1950"],"collection_ssim":["Robert Morton Hughes Papers, 1754/1950"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MG 7","/repositories/5/resources/67"],"unitid_tesim":["MG 7","/repositories/5/resources/67"],"repository_ssm":["Old Dominion University"],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"geogname_ssm":["United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865"],"geogname_ssim":["United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865"],"places_ssim":["United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865"],"creator_ssm":["Hughes, Robert M. (Robert Morton) (1855-1940)"],"creator_ssim":["Hughes, Robert M. (Robert Morton) (1855-1940)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Hughes, Robert M. (Robert Morton) (1855-1940)","Johnston, Joseph E. (Joseph Eggleston) (1807-1891)","Floyd, John B. (John Buchanan) (1806-1863)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","College of William and Mary. Norfolk Division","College of William and Mary. Board of Visitors","Virginia. State Board of Education"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Hughes family"],"creators_ssim":["Hughes, Robert M. (Robert Morton) (1855-1940)","Johnston, Joseph E. (Joseph Eggleston) (1807-1891)","Floyd, John B. (John Buchanan) (1806-1863)","ODU Community Collections","College of William and Mary. Norfolk Division","College of William and Mary. Board of Visitors","Virginia. State Board of Education","Hughes family"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Hughes Family","Gift. Accession #A76-18"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Lawyers--Virginia--Norfolk","Confederate States of America. Army"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Lawyers--Virginia--Norfolk","Confederate States of America. Army"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["20.40 Linear Feet","29 Hollinger document cases, 4 oversize boxes, 1 oversize folder boxes"],"extent_tesim":["20.40 Linear Feet","29 Hollinger document cases, 4 oversize boxes, 1 oversize folder boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1976],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOpen to researchers without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Open to researchers without restrictions."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional accessions made in 1980 and 1983.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals and Additions"],"accruals_tesim":["Additional accessions made in 1980 and 1983."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Hughes collection is divided into 14 series: Series I: Personal Correspondence; Series II: Financial Records; Series III: Speeches; Series IV: Writings; Series V: Legal Practice; Series VI: Politics; Series VII: Education; Series VIII: Memorabilia; Series IX: Photographs; Series X: Family Papers; Series XI: Historical Studies; Series XII: Index Cards; Series XIII: Miscellaneous; and Series XIV: Oversized Materials.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Hughes collection is divided into 14 series: Series I: Personal Correspondence; Series II: Financial Records; Series III: Speeches; Series IV: Writings; Series V: Legal Practice; Series VI: Politics; Series VII: Education; Series VIII: Memorabilia; Series IX: Photographs; Series X: Family Papers; Series XI: Historical Studies; Series XII: Index Cards; Series XIII: Miscellaneous; and Series XIV: Oversized Materials."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRobert Morton Hughes was born on September 10, 1855, in the house of his mother's adoptive parents, Gov. John B. Floyd and Sally Preston Floyd at Abingdon in southwestern Virginia. Through his parents, Robert W. Hughes and Eliza Johnston Hughes, he was related to many of Western Virginia's prominent families, including the Prestons, Johnstons, Mortons, and Floyds. Hughes lived in Washington, D.C. and Richmond while still a child but spent most of his early life in Abingdon. He was educated there, largely by private tutors.\nHughes entered the College of William and Mary in 1870 at the age of 15 and graduated with an A. B. degree in 1873. His association with William and Mary would continue throughout his adult life. Hughes served on the college's Board of Visitors from 1893 to 1918 and was rector from 1905 to 1918. He was also an active fundraiser for the college and was instrumental in the establishment of its Marshall-Wythe School of Government and Citizenship. In 1920 his grateful alma mater awarded him an honorary doctor of laws degree while in 1959 the library of the Norfolk branch of William and Mary (now Old Dominion University) was named in his memory.\nHughes also attended the University of Virginia where he studied law and earned a M.A. degree in 1877. After being admitted to the bar this same year, Hughes set up practice in Norfolk, Virginia, where he would continue to work until his retirement in 1920. His specialty was admiralty law. Hughes was elected president of the Virginia Bar Association in 1895 and of the Norfolk and Portsmouth Bar Association in 1907. In 1926 he was appointed by the Governor to a special commission created to suggest revisions to the Virginia constitution.\nHughes was a lifelong Republican, following the lead of his father who had been one of the first prominent Virginians to turn Republican during the Reconstruction period. This affiliation would not prove very rewarding for him. An unsuccessful Republican candidate for congress in 1902 and 1904, Hughes also failed in several attempts to be appointed to federal judgeships, beginning in 1897 when he sought to succeed his father as a judge in the district court at Norfolk, Hughes was a staunch conservative and the last years of his life found him ardently opposing the New Deal in general and Roosevelt's attacks on the Supreme Court in particular.\nWhile Hughes never held elective office he served his community in many other ways. Besides his long tenure on the Board of Visitors of William and Mary, he sat on the Board of Directors of the Norfolk Public Library from 1912 to 1938--he was president after 1921--and was a member of the State Board of Education from 1930 until 1935 when he resigned because of failing health. Hughes was also an active member of Christ Church (Episcopal) in Norfolk where he served as a vestryman from 1884 to 1928.\nHughes' major avocation, especially in later life, was that of amateur historian. His main interest was Virginia history and, within this field, the roles played by members of his own family. He felt particularly duty bound to defend the reputations of two close relatives: Gov. John B. Floyd (1806-1863), his adoptive maternal grandfather, and Gen. Joseph E. Johnston (1807-1891), U.S.A., C.S.A., his maternal great uncle. Johnston had in fact asked Hughes to write his official biography, a work which was published by Appleton in 1893. As a result of his commitment Hughes expended much time and energy writing articles and letters refuting \"incorrect\" statements by various authors which had directly or indirectly denigrated the careers or questioned the integrity of either man.\nRobert Morton Hughes died on January 15, 1940. He was survived by his wife - Mattie L. Smith Hughes, a son - Robert M. Hughes, Jr., and two grandchildren -Robert M. Hughes III and Carolyn Wright Hughes. A second son, Sydney Smith Hughes, had died in 1923.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote written by Janice Halecki\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Robert Morton Hughes was born on September 10, 1855, in the house of his mother's adoptive parents, Gov. John B. Floyd and Sally Preston Floyd at Abingdon in southwestern Virginia. Through his parents, Robert W. Hughes and Eliza Johnston Hughes, he was related to many of Western Virginia's prominent families, including the Prestons, Johnstons, Mortons, and Floyds. Hughes lived in Washington, D.C. and Richmond while still a child but spent most of his early life in Abingdon. He was educated there, largely by private tutors.\nHughes entered the College of William and Mary in 1870 at the age of 15 and graduated with an A. B. degree in 1873. His association with William and Mary would continue throughout his adult life. Hughes served on the college's Board of Visitors from 1893 to 1918 and was rector from 1905 to 1918. He was also an active fundraiser for the college and was instrumental in the establishment of its Marshall-Wythe School of Government and Citizenship. In 1920 his grateful alma mater awarded him an honorary doctor of laws degree while in 1959 the library of the Norfolk branch of William and Mary (now Old Dominion University) was named in his memory.\nHughes also attended the University of Virginia where he studied law and earned a M.A. degree in 1877. After being admitted to the bar this same year, Hughes set up practice in Norfolk, Virginia, where he would continue to work until his retirement in 1920. His specialty was admiralty law. Hughes was elected president of the Virginia Bar Association in 1895 and of the Norfolk and Portsmouth Bar Association in 1907. In 1926 he was appointed by the Governor to a special commission created to suggest revisions to the Virginia constitution.\nHughes was a lifelong Republican, following the lead of his father who had been one of the first prominent Virginians to turn Republican during the Reconstruction period. This affiliation would not prove very rewarding for him. An unsuccessful Republican candidate for congress in 1902 and 1904, Hughes also failed in several attempts to be appointed to federal judgeships, beginning in 1897 when he sought to succeed his father as a judge in the district court at Norfolk, Hughes was a staunch conservative and the last years of his life found him ardently opposing the New Deal in general and Roosevelt's attacks on the Supreme Court in particular.\nWhile Hughes never held elective office he served his community in many other ways. Besides his long tenure on the Board of Visitors of William and Mary, he sat on the Board of Directors of the Norfolk Public Library from 1912 to 1938--he was president after 1921--and was a member of the State Board of Education from 1930 until 1935 when he resigned because of failing health. Hughes was also an active member of Christ Church (Episcopal) in Norfolk where he served as a vestryman from 1884 to 1928.\nHughes' major avocation, especially in later life, was that of amateur historian. His main interest was Virginia history and, within this field, the roles played by members of his own family. He felt particularly duty bound to defend the reputations of two close relatives: Gov. John B. Floyd (1806-1863), his adoptive maternal grandfather, and Gen. Joseph E. Johnston (1807-1891), U.S.A., C.S.A., his maternal great uncle. Johnston had in fact asked Hughes to write his official biography, a work which was published by Appleton in 1893. As a result of his commitment Hughes expended much time and energy writing articles and letters refuting \"incorrect\" statements by various authors which had directly or indirectly denigrated the careers or questioned the integrity of either man.\nRobert Morton Hughes died on January 15, 1940. He was survived by his wife - Mattie L. Smith Hughes, a son - Robert M. Hughes, Jr., and two grandchildren -Robert M. Hughes III and Carolyn Wright Hughes. A second son, Sydney Smith Hughes, had died in 1923.","Note written by Janice Halecki"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Robert Morton Hughes Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Robert Morton Hughes Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOther papers related to Robert Morton Hughes can also be found in the Earl Gregg Swem Library at William \u0026amp; Mary (Mss. 65 H88 and UA 5.013).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Other papers related to Robert Morton Hughes can also be found in the Earl Gregg Swem Library at William \u0026 Mary (Mss. 65 H88 and UA 5.013)."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Hughes Papers are divided into three major sections. The first section contains Hughes' personal and political correspondence, speeches, literary efforts, small amounts of material related to his legal practice and to his involvement in Virginia political affairs (included is his participation in the Constitutional Commission of 1926-1927), and considerable material about his activities in support of education. Of particular note in this last area are his longtime association with the College of William and Mary (1870-1940) and his service on the State Board of Education (1930-1935).\nThe second section consists of correspondence and other papers originally belonging to certain of Hughes' relatives. Some of the correspondence goes back to the late 18th century. The major figures are Hughes' father Judge R. W. Hughes (d. 1901). his mother Eliza Johnston Hughes (d. 1908), his adoptive maternal grandfather John B. Floyd, (1806-1863) and his maternal great uncle Joseph E. Johnston, (1807-1891). Judge Hughes was one of the first prominent Virginian's to turn Republican in the post-Civil War Period; Floyd was Governor of Virginia (1849-1852), Secretary of War under Buchanan (1857-1860), and a general in the Confederate army (1861-1863); Johnston was a general in both the U.S. and Confederate armies (1860-1865). Among Hughes' papers are a number of incomplete drafts of Johnston's published war memoirs.\nThe third section consists of correspondence and other material related to Hughes' extensive activity as an amateur historian. The central topics are the careers of Gen. Johnston and Governor Floyd and after that Virginia and southern history in general.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Hughes Papers are divided into three major sections. The first section contains Hughes' personal and political correspondence, speeches, literary efforts, small amounts of material related to his legal practice and to his involvement in Virginia political affairs (included is his participation in the Constitutional Commission of 1926-1927), and considerable material about his activities in support of education. Of particular note in this last area are his longtime association with the College of William and Mary (1870-1940) and his service on the State Board of Education (1930-1935).\nThe second section consists of correspondence and other papers originally belonging to certain of Hughes' relatives. Some of the correspondence goes back to the late 18th century. The major figures are Hughes' father Judge R. W. Hughes (d. 1901). his mother Eliza Johnston Hughes (d. 1908), his adoptive maternal grandfather John B. Floyd, (1806-1863) and his maternal great uncle Joseph E. Johnston, (1807-1891). Judge Hughes was one of the first prominent Virginian's to turn Republican in the post-Civil War Period; Floyd was Governor of Virginia (1849-1852), Secretary of War under Buchanan (1857-1860), and a general in the Confederate army (1861-1863); Johnston was a general in both the U.S. and Confederate armies (1860-1865). Among Hughes' papers are a number of incomplete drafts of Johnston's published war memoirs.\nThe third section consists of correspondence and other material related to Hughes' extensive activity as an amateur historian. The central topics are the careers of Gen. Johnston and Governor Floyd and after that Virginia and southern history in general."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_9a777b5c2ba309cf2d25740d88fcbe63\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eContains personal and political correspondence regarding his legal practice, involvement in Virginia politics and his activities in support of education. Had longtime association with the College of William and Mary, served on the State Board of Education and the Board of Directors of the Norfolk Public Library. Significant aspect of this collection is the papers of his family, Governor John B. Floyd, General Joseph E. Johnston, and Judge Robert W. Hughes, important public figures before, during, and after the Civil War.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Contains personal and political correspondence regarding his legal practice, involvement in Virginia politics and his activities in support of education. Had longtime association with the College of William and Mary, served on the State Board of Education and the Board of Directors of the Norfolk Public Library. Significant aspect of this collection is the papers of his family, Governor John B. Floyd, General Joseph E. Johnston, and Judge Robert W. Hughes, important public figures before, during, and after the Civil War."],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","College of William and Mary. Norfolk Division","College of William and Mary. Board of Visitors","Virginia. State Board of Education"],"names_coll_ssim":["College of William and Mary. Norfolk Division","College of William and Mary. Board of Visitors","Virginia. State Board of Education","Hughes family","Johnston, Joseph E. (Joseph Eggleston) (1807-1891)","Floyd, John B. (John Buchanan) (1806-1863)","Hughes, Robert M. (Robert Morton) (1855-1940)"],"famname_ssim":["Hughes family"],"persname_ssim":["Hughes, Robert M. (Robert Morton) (1855-1940)","Johnston, Joseph E. (Joseph Eggleston) (1807-1891)","Floyd, John B. (John Buchanan) (1806-1863)"],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","College of William and Mary. Norfolk Division","College of William and Mary. Board of Visitors","Virginia. State Board of Education","Hughes family","Hughes, Robert M. (Robert Morton) (1855-1940)","Johnston, Joseph E. (Joseph Eggleston) (1807-1891)","Floyd, John B. (John Buchanan) (1806-1863)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":639,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:36.932Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_67_c07_c04"}},{"id":"vino_repositories_3_resources_188_c01_c04","type":"Sub-Series","attributes":{"title":"Sub-Series D: Student Records, 1930/1938","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_3_resources_188_c01_c04#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains Lesley's student records. Includes his high school, Bachelor of Arts, and Master of Fine Arts diplomas and transcripts.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_3_resources_188_c01_c04#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vino_repositories_3_resources_188_c01_c04","ref_ssm":["vino_repositories_3_resources_188_c01_c04"],"id":"vino_repositories_3_resources_188_c01_c04","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_3_resources_188","_root_":"vino_repositories_3_resources_188","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_3_resources_188_c01","parent_ssi":"vino_repositories_3_resources_188_c01","parent_ssim":["Everett Parker Lesley, Jr. Papers, 1907/2010","Series I: Personal, 1907/1982"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vino_repositories_3_resources_188","vino_repositories_3_resources_188_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"Sub-Series D: Student Records","title_ssm":["Sub-Series D: Student Records"],"title_tesim":["Sub-Series D: Student Records"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Sub-Series D: Student Records, 1930/1938"],"text":["Sub-Series D: Student Records, 1930/1938","Everett Parker Lesley, Jr. Papers, 1907/2010","Series I: Personal, 1907/1982","This sub-series contains Lesley's student records. Includes his high school, Bachelor of Arts, and Master of Fine Arts diplomas and transcripts."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Everett Parker Lesley, Jr. Papers, 1907/2010","Series I: Personal, 1907/1982"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Everett Parker Lesley, Jr. Papers, 1907/2010","Series I: Personal, 1907/1982"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1930/1938"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1930-1938"],"level_ssm":["Sub-Series"],"level_ssim":["Sub-series"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":39,"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"collection_ssim":["Everett Parker Lesley, Jr. Papers, 1907/2010"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":1,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Open to researchers without restriction."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"date_range_isim":[1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains Lesley's student records. Includes his high school, Bachelor of Arts, and Master of Fine Arts diplomas and transcripts.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This sub-series contains Lesley's student records. Includes his high school, Bachelor of Arts, and Master of Fine Arts diplomas and transcripts."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#3","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:11.796Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vino_repositories_3_resources_188","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_3_resources_188","_root_":"vino_repositories_3_resources_188","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_3_resources_188","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_3_resources_188.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archivesguides.lib.odu.edu/repositories/3/resources/188","title_filing_ssi":"Lesley, Everett Parker, Jr.","title_ssm":["Everett Parker Lesley, Jr. Papers"],"title_tesim":["Everett Parker Lesley, Jr. Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1907-2010, undated","Date acquired: 07/23/1982"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1907-2010, undated"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 07/23/1982"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1907/2010"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Everett Parker Lesley, Jr. Papers, 1907/2010"],"text":["Everett Parker Lesley, Jr. Papers, 1907/2010","RG 17-2B2","/repositories/3/resources/188","Art historians--United States","Old Dominion University--Faculty","World War, 1939-1945--Veterans","Open to researchers without restriction.","This collection is organized into five series: Series I. Personal; Series II. Professional; Series III. Trips; Series IV. Photographic Slides; and Series V. Oversize.","Everett Parker Lesley, Jr., known as Parker Lesley, was born in Baltimore, Maryland on August 31, 1913. He graduated from Palo Alto Union High School, California, in 1930 and proceeded to attend Stanford University and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts Degree, Classical Literature (Greek), in 1934. From 1935 to 1938 he was a Scholar Fellow and an Advanced Fellow in Art and Archaeology at Princeton University. In 1935 he earned a Certificat des tudes, Institut d'Art et d'Archologie from the University of Paris; in 1937 he earned a Master of Fine Arts, Art and Archaeology, Princeton University. Also in 1937 as a Belgian- American Educational Foundation Fellow he earned a Certificat des tudes from the University of Brussels, Belgium.\nLesley enlisted as Private in the United States Army, June 1942 and progressed through the grades to Sergeant. He was commissioned December 1942 at the Quartermaster Corps Officer Candidate School and progressed through the ranks to Major. He was discharged from the U. S. Army December 1946. During his military career he was awarded a Bronze Star for Meritorious Service, Army Commendation Medal, Chevalier of the Order of Polonia Restituta (Poland) and Honor Medal in Silver for Art and Science of the House-Order of Orange-Nassau (The Netherlands).\nIn 1942 Lesley married Miriam Pfaff Lucker and the two were divorced in 1948.\nLesley was Curator of European Art at Detroit Institute of Arts in 1938. From 1939 to 1942 he was Assistant Professor of Art and Architecture at University of Minnesota. He served in the U. S. Army from 1942 to 1946. The following year he was Chief of the Restitution Division with the Office of Military Government for Greater Hesse (Germany). From 1950 to 1954 as Assistant Keeper he progressed to Associate Keeper and then to Keeper of Department of Exhibitions at The Cooper Union (NYC). In 1955 he was contracted by Fortune Magazine, which resulted in two published articles. 1955 to 1958 he was self-employed in New York cataloguing private collections. He moved to Norfolk, Virginia in 1959 and became the Norfolk Museum's Acting Director. Also in 1959 he was appointed Assistant Professor of Art at the College of William and Mary in Norfolk and taught under that title up to 1967 (in 1963 the College became Old Dominion College). He began building up the Art Department during 1960 to 1964. From 1968 to 1969 he was titled Professor of Art and was co-chairman of the Art Department (in 1969 Old Dominion College became Old Dominion University). Throughout the remainder of his tenure Lesley did not hold the position of chairman, he continued to teach as Professor of Art until his retirement in 1979 as Eminent Professor; between 1970 through 1979 he went on leave two times: 1972-1973; and 1975-1976.\nLesley was fairly fluent in the German language, fluent reading knowledge in French, working knowledge in Italian and Spanish, studied Hebrew and had a fluent knowledge of classical Greek and Latin. His teaching specialties were Classic and Byzantine Art, Medieval Art, European Painting from the 17th Century to the present (1982), American Painting, History of Architecture and Architectural Design and History of the Decorative Arts.\nLesley authored articles in \"The Art Bulletin\", \"Bulletin of the Detroit Institute of Arts\", \"Art in America\", and \"The Art Journal\"; in 1945, a Report of The General Board, European Theater of Operations, War Department, \"Monuments, Fine Arts and Archives Operations in the European Theater\"; at The Cooper Union Museum, 1950-1954, \"Leather\", \"Alter Ego\", \"Lacquer\", \"Conspicuous Waist\", \"Enamel\" and \"The Prince Regent's Style\"; December 1955 and January 1956 (with Eric Hodgins), Fortune Magazine, \"The Great International Art Market\"; catalogue of the Lillian Thomas Pratt Collection of Russian Imperial Jewels, The Virginia Museum of Fine Arts; Art-historical handbook (2nd version), Norfolk Museum of Arts and Sciences; \"The Iconography of the Spirit\"; \"Bibelots\"; and a book \"Renaissance Jewels and Jeweled Objects\", The Baltimore Museum of Art, 1968.\nDuring Lesley's teaching years he ventured on many trips across the world; England, Israel, the Netherlands and Turkey. After his retirement from Old Dominion University he traveled to California and Washington state, U.S.A., India, Nepal, Russia, Taiwan and Thailand.\nEverett Parker Lesley, Jr. died Saturday, February 13, 1982 in his home.","Note written by Susan M. Catlett","The collection was processed and finding aid created by Susan M. Catlett in November 2004.","Monuments Men Foundation: Captain Everett Parker Lesley, Jr.","The Papers of E. Parker Lesley, Jr. contains personal documents, military records, correspondence, travel information, printed materials, photo slides, photographs, negatives, artifacts and miscellaneous material. The bulk of the collection documents his professional career pertaining to art history.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","Collection consists of a large number of photo slides related to his expertise in Byzantine Art and Architecture, as well as printed material, documentation of travels abroad, correspondence and photographs.","ODU University Archives","Norfolk Museum of Arts and Sciences (Va.)","Old Dominion University. Department of Art","Lesley, Everett Parker, Jr. (1913-1982)","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Everett Parker Lesley, Jr. Papers, 1907/2010"],"collection_ssim":["Everett Parker Lesley, Jr. Papers, 1907/2010"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["RG 17-2B2","/repositories/3/resources/188"],"unitid_tesim":["RG 17-2B2","/repositories/3/resources/188"],"repository_ssm":["Old Dominion University"],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"creator_ssm":["Lesley, Everett Parker, Jr. (1913-1982)"],"creator_ssim":["Lesley, Everett Parker, Jr. (1913-1982)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Lesley, Everett Parker, Jr. (1913-1982)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["ODU University Archives","Norfolk Museum of Arts and Sciences (Va.)","Old Dominion University. Department of Art"],"creators_ssim":["Lesley, Everett Parker, Jr. (1913-1982)","ODU University Archives","Norfolk Museum of Arts and Sciences (Va.)","Old Dominion University. Department of Art"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Mark Lesley","Gift. Accession #A82-14"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Art historians--United States","Old Dominion University--Faculty","World War, 1939-1945--Veterans"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Art historians--United States","Old Dominion University--Faculty","World War, 1939-1945--Veterans"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["4.00 Linear Feet","8 Hollinger document cases, 1 oversized box boxes"],"extent_tesim":["4.00 Linear Feet","8 Hollinger document cases, 1 oversized box boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOpen to researchers without restriction.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Open to researchers without restriction."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is organized into five series: Series I. Personal; Series II. Professional; Series III. Trips; Series IV. Photographic Slides; and Series V. Oversize.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is organized into five series: Series I. Personal; Series II. Professional; Series III. Trips; Series IV. Photographic Slides; and Series V. Oversize."],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Everett Parker Lesley, Jr., known as Parker Lesley, was born in Baltimore, Maryland on August 31, 1913. He graduated from Palo Alto Union High School, California, in 1930 and proceeded to attend Stanford University and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts Degree, Classical Literature (Greek), in 1934. From 1935 to 1938 he was a Scholar Fellow and an Advanced Fellow in Art and Archaeology at Princeton University. In 1935 he earned a Certificat des tudes, Institut d'Art et d'Archologie from the University of Paris; in 1937 he earned a Master of Fine Arts, Art and Archaeology, Princeton University. Also in 1937 as a Belgian- American Educational Foundation Fellow he earned a Certificat des tudes from the University of Brussels, Belgium.\nLesley enlisted as Private in the United States Army, June 1942 and progressed through the grades to Sergeant. He was commissioned December 1942 at the Quartermaster Corps Officer Candidate School and progressed through the ranks to Major. He was discharged from the U. S. Army December 1946. During his military career he was awarded a Bronze Star for Meritorious Service, Army Commendation Medal, Chevalier of the Order of Polonia Restituta (Poland) and Honor Medal in Silver for Art and Science of the House-Order of Orange-Nassau (The Netherlands).\nIn 1942 Lesley married Miriam Pfaff Lucker and the two were divorced in 1948.\nLesley was Curator of European Art at Detroit Institute of Arts in 1938. From 1939 to 1942 he was Assistant Professor of Art and Architecture at University of Minnesota. He served in the U. S. Army from 1942 to 1946. The following year he was Chief of the Restitution Division with the Office of Military Government for Greater Hesse (Germany). From 1950 to 1954 as Assistant Keeper he progressed to Associate Keeper and then to Keeper of Department of Exhibitions at The Cooper Union (NYC). In 1955 he was contracted by Fortune Magazine, which resulted in two published articles. 1955 to 1958 he was self-employed in New York cataloguing private collections. He moved to Norfolk, Virginia in 1959 and became the Norfolk Museum's Acting Director. Also in 1959 he was appointed Assistant Professor of Art at the College of William and Mary in Norfolk and taught under that title up to 1967 (in 1963 the College became Old Dominion College). He began building up the Art Department during 1960 to 1964. From 1968 to 1969 he was titled Professor of Art and was co-chairman of the Art Department (in 1969 Old Dominion College became Old Dominion University). Throughout the remainder of his tenure Lesley did not hold the position of chairman, he continued to teach as Professor of Art until his retirement in 1979 as Eminent Professor; between 1970 through 1979 he went on leave two times: 1972-1973; and 1975-1976.\nLesley was fairly fluent in the German language, fluent reading knowledge in French, working knowledge in Italian and Spanish, studied Hebrew and had a fluent knowledge of classical Greek and Latin. His teaching specialties were Classic and Byzantine Art, Medieval Art, European Painting from the 17th Century to the present (1982), American Painting, History of Architecture and Architectural Design and History of the Decorative Arts.\nLesley authored articles in \"The Art Bulletin\", \"Bulletin of the Detroit Institute of Arts\", \"Art in America\", and \"The Art Journal\"; in 1945, a Report of The General Board, European Theater of Operations, War Department, \"Monuments, Fine Arts and Archives Operations in the European Theater\"; at The Cooper Union Museum, 1950-1954, \"Leather\", \"Alter Ego\", \"Lacquer\", \"Conspicuous Waist\", \"Enamel\" and \"The Prince Regent's Style\"; December 1955 and January 1956 (with Eric Hodgins), Fortune Magazine, \"The Great International Art Market\"; catalogue of the Lillian Thomas Pratt Collection of Russian Imperial Jewels, The Virginia Museum of Fine Arts; Art-historical handbook (2nd version), Norfolk Museum of Arts and Sciences; \"The Iconography of the Spirit\"; \"Bibelots\"; and a book \"Renaissance Jewels and Jeweled Objects\", The Baltimore Museum of Art, 1968.\nDuring Lesley's teaching years he ventured on many trips across the world; England, Israel, the Netherlands and Turkey. After his retirement from Old Dominion University he traveled to California and Washington state, U.S.A., India, Nepal, Russia, Taiwan and Thailand.\nEverett Parker Lesley, Jr. died Saturday, February 13, 1982 in his home.","Note written by Susan M. Catlett"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Everett Parker Lesley, Jr. Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Everett Parker Lesley, Jr. Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection was processed and finding aid created by Susan M. Catlett in November 2004.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The collection was processed and finding aid created by Susan M. Catlett in November 2004."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cextref href=\"http://www.monumentsmenfoundation.org/the-heroes/the-monuments-men/lesley-capt.-everett-parker-jr.\"\u003eMonuments Men Foundation: Captain Everett Parker Lesley, Jr.\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Monuments Men Foundation: Captain Everett Parker Lesley, Jr."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Papers of E. Parker Lesley, Jr. contains personal documents, military records, correspondence, travel information, printed materials, photo slides, photographs, negatives, artifacts and miscellaneous material. The bulk of the collection documents his professional career pertaining to art history.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Papers of E. Parker Lesley, Jr. contains personal documents, military records, correspondence, travel information, printed materials, photo slides, photographs, negatives, artifacts and miscellaneous material. The bulk of the collection documents his professional career pertaining to art history."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_d74792654dcb593b879ad3c55886414b\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eCollection consists of a large number of photo slides related to his expertise in Byzantine Art and Architecture, as well as printed material, documentation of travels abroad, correspondence and photographs.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Collection consists of a large number of photo slides related to his expertise in Byzantine Art and Architecture, as well as printed material, documentation of travels abroad, correspondence and photographs."],"corpname_ssim":["ODU University Archives","Norfolk Museum of Arts and Sciences (Va.)","Old Dominion University. Department of Art"],"names_coll_ssim":["Norfolk Museum of Arts and Sciences (Va.)","Old Dominion University. Department of Art","Lesley, Everett Parker, Jr. (1913-1982)"],"persname_ssim":["Lesley, Everett Parker, Jr. (1913-1982)"],"names_ssim":["ODU University Archives","Norfolk Museum of Arts and Sciences (Va.)","Old Dominion University. Department of Art","Lesley, Everett Parker, Jr. (1913-1982)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":227,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:11.796Z","bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEverett Parker Lesley, Jr., known as Parker Lesley, was born in Baltimore, Maryland on August 31, 1913. He graduated from Palo Alto Union High School, California, in 1930 and proceeded to attend Stanford University and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts Degree, Classical Literature (Greek), in 1934. From 1935 to 1938 he was a Scholar Fellow and an Advanced Fellow in Art and Archaeology at Princeton University. In 1935 he earned a Certificat des tudes, Institut d'Art et d'Archologie from the University of Paris; in 1937 he earned a Master of Fine Arts, Art and Archaeology, Princeton University. Also in 1937 as a Belgian- American Educational Foundation Fellow he earned a Certificat des tudes from the University of Brussels, Belgium.\nLesley enlisted as Private in the United States Army, June 1942 and progressed through the grades to Sergeant. He was commissioned December 1942 at the Quartermaster Corps Officer Candidate School and progressed through the ranks to Major. He was discharged from the U. S. Army December 1946. During his military career he was awarded a Bronze Star for Meritorious Service, Army Commendation Medal, Chevalier of the Order of Polonia Restituta (Poland) and Honor Medal in Silver for Art and Science of the House-Order of Orange-Nassau (The Netherlands).\nIn 1942 Lesley married Miriam Pfaff Lucker and the two were divorced in 1948.\nLesley was Curator of European Art at Detroit Institute of Arts in 1938. From 1939 to 1942 he was Assistant Professor of Art and Architecture at University of Minnesota. He served in the U. S. Army from 1942 to 1946. The following year he was Chief of the Restitution Division with the Office of Military Government for Greater Hesse (Germany). From 1950 to 1954 as Assistant Keeper he progressed to Associate Keeper and then to Keeper of Department of Exhibitions at The Cooper Union (NYC). In 1955 he was contracted by Fortune Magazine, which resulted in two published articles. 1955 to 1958 he was self-employed in New York cataloguing private collections. He moved to Norfolk, Virginia in 1959 and became the Norfolk Museum's Acting Director. Also in 1959 he was appointed Assistant Professor of Art at the College of William and Mary in Norfolk and taught under that title up to 1967 (in 1963 the College became Old Dominion College). He began building up the Art Department during 1960 to 1964. From 1968 to 1969 he was titled Professor of Art and was co-chairman of the Art Department (in 1969 Old Dominion College became Old Dominion University). Throughout the remainder of his tenure Lesley did not hold the position of chairman, he continued to teach as Professor of Art until his retirement in 1979 as Eminent Professor; between 1970 through 1979 he went on leave two times: 1972-1973; and 1975-1976.\nLesley was fairly fluent in the German language, fluent reading knowledge in French, working knowledge in Italian and Spanish, studied Hebrew and had a fluent knowledge of classical Greek and Latin. His teaching specialties were Classic and Byzantine Art, Medieval Art, European Painting from the 17th Century to the present (1982), American Painting, History of Architecture and Architectural Design and History of the Decorative Arts.\nLesley authored articles in \"The Art Bulletin\", \"Bulletin of the Detroit Institute of Arts\", \"Art in America\", and \"The Art Journal\"; in 1945, a Report of The General Board, European Theater of Operations, War Department, \"Monuments, Fine Arts and Archives Operations in the European Theater\"; at The Cooper Union Museum, 1950-1954, \"Leather\", \"Alter Ego\", \"Lacquer\", \"Conspicuous Waist\", \"Enamel\" and \"The Prince Regent's Style\"; December 1955 and January 1956 (with Eric Hodgins), Fortune Magazine, \"The Great International Art Market\"; catalogue of the Lillian Thomas Pratt Collection of Russian Imperial Jewels, The Virginia Museum of Fine Arts; Art-historical handbook (2nd version), Norfolk Museum of Arts and Sciences; \"The Iconography of the Spirit\"; \"Bibelots\"; and a book \"Renaissance Jewels and Jeweled Objects\", The Baltimore Museum of Art, 1968.\nDuring Lesley's teaching years he ventured on many trips across the world; England, Israel, the Netherlands and Turkey. After his retirement from Old Dominion University he traveled to California and Washington state, U.S.A., India, Nepal, Russia, Taiwan and Thailand.\nEverett Parker Lesley, Jr. died Saturday, February 13, 1982 in his home.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote written by Susan M. Catlett\u003c/p\u003e  "]}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_3_resources_188_c01_c04"}},{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_67_c11_c04","type":"Sub-Series","attributes":{"title":"Sub-Series D: Virginia History, 1780/1938","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_67_c11_c04#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eIncludes materials regarding various aspects of Virginia history.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_67_c11_c04#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_67_c11_c04","ref_ssm":["vino_repositories_5_resources_67_c11_c04"],"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_67_c11_c04","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_67","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_67","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_67_c11","parent_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_67_c11","parent_ssim":["Robert Morton Hughes Papers, 1754/1950","Series XI: Historical Studies, 1780/1937"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vino_repositories_5_resources_67","vino_repositories_5_resources_67_c11"],"title_filing_ssi":"Sub-Series D: Virginia History","title_ssm":["Sub-Series D: Virginia History"],"title_tesim":["Sub-Series D: Virginia History"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Sub-Series D: Virginia History, 1780/1938"],"text":["Sub-Series D: Virginia History, 1780/1938","Robert Morton Hughes Papers, 1754/1950","Series XI: Historical Studies, 1780/1937","Includes materials regarding various aspects of Virginia history."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Robert Morton Hughes Papers, 1754/1950","Series XI: Historical Studies, 1780/1937"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Robert Morton Hughes Papers, 1754/1950","Series XI: Historical Studies, 1780/1937"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1780/1938"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1780-1938"],"level_ssm":["Sub-Series"],"level_ssim":["Sub-series"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":547,"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"collection_ssim":["Robert Morton Hughes Papers, 1754/1950"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":2,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Open to researchers without restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"date_range_isim":[1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIncludes materials regarding various aspects of Virginia history.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Includes materials regarding various aspects of Virginia history."],"_nest_path_":"/components#10/components#3","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:36.932Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_67","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_67","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_67","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_67","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_5_resources_67.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archivesguides.lib.odu.edu/repositories/5/resources/67","title_filing_ssi":"Hughes, Robert Morton","title_ssm":["Robert Morton Hughes Papers"],"title_tesim":["Robert Morton Hughes Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1754-1950, undated","Date acquired: 05/19/1976"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1754-1950, undated"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 05/19/1976"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1754/1950"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Robert Morton Hughes Papers, 1754/1950"],"text":["Robert Morton Hughes Papers, 1754/1950","MG 7","/repositories/5/resources/67","United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865","Lawyers--Virginia--Norfolk","Confederate States of America. Army","Open to researchers without restrictions.","Additional accessions made in 1980 and 1983.","The Hughes collection is divided into 14 series: Series I: Personal Correspondence; Series II: Financial Records; Series III: Speeches; Series IV: Writings; Series V: Legal Practice; Series VI: Politics; Series VII: Education; Series VIII: Memorabilia; Series IX: Photographs; Series X: Family Papers; Series XI: Historical Studies; Series XII: Index Cards; Series XIII: Miscellaneous; and Series XIV: Oversized Materials.","Robert Morton Hughes was born on September 10, 1855, in the house of his mother's adoptive parents, Gov. John B. Floyd and Sally Preston Floyd at Abingdon in southwestern Virginia. Through his parents, Robert W. Hughes and Eliza Johnston Hughes, he was related to many of Western Virginia's prominent families, including the Prestons, Johnstons, Mortons, and Floyds. Hughes lived in Washington, D.C. and Richmond while still a child but spent most of his early life in Abingdon. He was educated there, largely by private tutors.\nHughes entered the College of William and Mary in 1870 at the age of 15 and graduated with an A. B. degree in 1873. His association with William and Mary would continue throughout his adult life. Hughes served on the college's Board of Visitors from 1893 to 1918 and was rector from 1905 to 1918. He was also an active fundraiser for the college and was instrumental in the establishment of its Marshall-Wythe School of Government and Citizenship. In 1920 his grateful alma mater awarded him an honorary doctor of laws degree while in 1959 the library of the Norfolk branch of William and Mary (now Old Dominion University) was named in his memory.\nHughes also attended the University of Virginia where he studied law and earned a M.A. degree in 1877. After being admitted to the bar this same year, Hughes set up practice in Norfolk, Virginia, where he would continue to work until his retirement in 1920. His specialty was admiralty law. Hughes was elected president of the Virginia Bar Association in 1895 and of the Norfolk and Portsmouth Bar Association in 1907. In 1926 he was appointed by the Governor to a special commission created to suggest revisions to the Virginia constitution.\nHughes was a lifelong Republican, following the lead of his father who had been one of the first prominent Virginians to turn Republican during the Reconstruction period. This affiliation would not prove very rewarding for him. An unsuccessful Republican candidate for congress in 1902 and 1904, Hughes also failed in several attempts to be appointed to federal judgeships, beginning in 1897 when he sought to succeed his father as a judge in the district court at Norfolk, Hughes was a staunch conservative and the last years of his life found him ardently opposing the New Deal in general and Roosevelt's attacks on the Supreme Court in particular.\nWhile Hughes never held elective office he served his community in many other ways. Besides his long tenure on the Board of Visitors of William and Mary, he sat on the Board of Directors of the Norfolk Public Library from 1912 to 1938--he was president after 1921--and was a member of the State Board of Education from 1930 until 1935 when he resigned because of failing health. Hughes was also an active member of Christ Church (Episcopal) in Norfolk where he served as a vestryman from 1884 to 1928.\nHughes' major avocation, especially in later life, was that of amateur historian. His main interest was Virginia history and, within this field, the roles played by members of his own family. He felt particularly duty bound to defend the reputations of two close relatives: Gov. John B. Floyd (1806-1863), his adoptive maternal grandfather, and Gen. Joseph E. Johnston (1807-1891), U.S.A., C.S.A., his maternal great uncle. Johnston had in fact asked Hughes to write his official biography, a work which was published by Appleton in 1893. As a result of his commitment Hughes expended much time and energy writing articles and letters refuting \"incorrect\" statements by various authors which had directly or indirectly denigrated the careers or questioned the integrity of either man.\nRobert Morton Hughes died on January 15, 1940. He was survived by his wife - Mattie L. Smith Hughes, a son - Robert M. Hughes, Jr., and two grandchildren -Robert M. Hughes III and Carolyn Wright Hughes. A second son, Sydney Smith Hughes, had died in 1923.","Note written by Janice Halecki","Other papers related to Robert Morton Hughes can also be found in the Earl Gregg Swem Library at William \u0026 Mary (Mss. 65 H88 and UA 5.013).","The Hughes Papers are divided into three major sections. The first section contains Hughes' personal and political correspondence, speeches, literary efforts, small amounts of material related to his legal practice and to his involvement in Virginia political affairs (included is his participation in the Constitutional Commission of 1926-1927), and considerable material about his activities in support of education. Of particular note in this last area are his longtime association with the College of William and Mary (1870-1940) and his service on the State Board of Education (1930-1935).\nThe second section consists of correspondence and other papers originally belonging to certain of Hughes' relatives. Some of the correspondence goes back to the late 18th century. The major figures are Hughes' father Judge R. W. Hughes (d. 1901). his mother Eliza Johnston Hughes (d. 1908), his adoptive maternal grandfather John B. Floyd, (1806-1863) and his maternal great uncle Joseph E. Johnston, (1807-1891). Judge Hughes was one of the first prominent Virginian's to turn Republican in the post-Civil War Period; Floyd was Governor of Virginia (1849-1852), Secretary of War under Buchanan (1857-1860), and a general in the Confederate army (1861-1863); Johnston was a general in both the U.S. and Confederate armies (1860-1865). Among Hughes' papers are a number of incomplete drafts of Johnston's published war memoirs.\nThe third section consists of correspondence and other material related to Hughes' extensive activity as an amateur historian. The central topics are the careers of Gen. Johnston and Governor Floyd and after that Virginia and southern history in general.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","Contains personal and political correspondence regarding his legal practice, involvement in Virginia politics and his activities in support of education. Had longtime association with the College of William and Mary, served on the State Board of Education and the Board of Directors of the Norfolk Public Library. Significant aspect of this collection is the papers of his family, Governor John B. Floyd, General Joseph E. Johnston, and Judge Robert W. Hughes, important public figures before, during, and after the Civil War.","ODU Community Collections","College of William and Mary. Norfolk Division","College of William and Mary. Board of Visitors","Virginia. State Board of Education","Hughes family","Hughes, Robert M. (Robert Morton) (1855-1940)","Johnston, Joseph E. (Joseph Eggleston) (1807-1891)","Floyd, John B. (John Buchanan) (1806-1863)","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Robert Morton Hughes Papers, 1754/1950"],"collection_ssim":["Robert Morton Hughes Papers, 1754/1950"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MG 7","/repositories/5/resources/67"],"unitid_tesim":["MG 7","/repositories/5/resources/67"],"repository_ssm":["Old Dominion University"],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"geogname_ssm":["United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865"],"geogname_ssim":["United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865"],"places_ssim":["United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865"],"creator_ssm":["Hughes, Robert M. (Robert Morton) (1855-1940)"],"creator_ssim":["Hughes, Robert M. (Robert Morton) (1855-1940)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Hughes, Robert M. (Robert Morton) (1855-1940)","Johnston, Joseph E. (Joseph Eggleston) (1807-1891)","Floyd, John B. (John Buchanan) (1806-1863)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","College of William and Mary. Norfolk Division","College of William and Mary. Board of Visitors","Virginia. State Board of Education"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Hughes family"],"creators_ssim":["Hughes, Robert M. (Robert Morton) (1855-1940)","Johnston, Joseph E. (Joseph Eggleston) (1807-1891)","Floyd, John B. (John Buchanan) (1806-1863)","ODU Community Collections","College of William and Mary. Norfolk Division","College of William and Mary. Board of Visitors","Virginia. State Board of Education","Hughes family"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Hughes Family","Gift. Accession #A76-18"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Lawyers--Virginia--Norfolk","Confederate States of America. Army"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Lawyers--Virginia--Norfolk","Confederate States of America. Army"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["20.40 Linear Feet","29 Hollinger document cases, 4 oversize boxes, 1 oversize folder boxes"],"extent_tesim":["20.40 Linear Feet","29 Hollinger document cases, 4 oversize boxes, 1 oversize folder boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1976],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOpen to researchers without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Open to researchers without restrictions."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional accessions made in 1980 and 1983.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals and Additions"],"accruals_tesim":["Additional accessions made in 1980 and 1983."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Hughes collection is divided into 14 series: Series I: Personal Correspondence; Series II: Financial Records; Series III: Speeches; Series IV: Writings; Series V: Legal Practice; Series VI: Politics; Series VII: Education; Series VIII: Memorabilia; Series IX: Photographs; Series X: Family Papers; Series XI: Historical Studies; Series XII: Index Cards; Series XIII: Miscellaneous; and Series XIV: Oversized Materials.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Hughes collection is divided into 14 series: Series I: Personal Correspondence; Series II: Financial Records; Series III: Speeches; Series IV: Writings; Series V: Legal Practice; Series VI: Politics; Series VII: Education; Series VIII: Memorabilia; Series IX: Photographs; Series X: Family Papers; Series XI: Historical Studies; Series XII: Index Cards; Series XIII: Miscellaneous; and Series XIV: Oversized Materials."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRobert Morton Hughes was born on September 10, 1855, in the house of his mother's adoptive parents, Gov. John B. Floyd and Sally Preston Floyd at Abingdon in southwestern Virginia. Through his parents, Robert W. Hughes and Eliza Johnston Hughes, he was related to many of Western Virginia's prominent families, including the Prestons, Johnstons, Mortons, and Floyds. Hughes lived in Washington, D.C. and Richmond while still a child but spent most of his early life in Abingdon. He was educated there, largely by private tutors.\nHughes entered the College of William and Mary in 1870 at the age of 15 and graduated with an A. B. degree in 1873. His association with William and Mary would continue throughout his adult life. Hughes served on the college's Board of Visitors from 1893 to 1918 and was rector from 1905 to 1918. He was also an active fundraiser for the college and was instrumental in the establishment of its Marshall-Wythe School of Government and Citizenship. In 1920 his grateful alma mater awarded him an honorary doctor of laws degree while in 1959 the library of the Norfolk branch of William and Mary (now Old Dominion University) was named in his memory.\nHughes also attended the University of Virginia where he studied law and earned a M.A. degree in 1877. After being admitted to the bar this same year, Hughes set up practice in Norfolk, Virginia, where he would continue to work until his retirement in 1920. His specialty was admiralty law. Hughes was elected president of the Virginia Bar Association in 1895 and of the Norfolk and Portsmouth Bar Association in 1907. In 1926 he was appointed by the Governor to a special commission created to suggest revisions to the Virginia constitution.\nHughes was a lifelong Republican, following the lead of his father who had been one of the first prominent Virginians to turn Republican during the Reconstruction period. This affiliation would not prove very rewarding for him. An unsuccessful Republican candidate for congress in 1902 and 1904, Hughes also failed in several attempts to be appointed to federal judgeships, beginning in 1897 when he sought to succeed his father as a judge in the district court at Norfolk, Hughes was a staunch conservative and the last years of his life found him ardently opposing the New Deal in general and Roosevelt's attacks on the Supreme Court in particular.\nWhile Hughes never held elective office he served his community in many other ways. Besides his long tenure on the Board of Visitors of William and Mary, he sat on the Board of Directors of the Norfolk Public Library from 1912 to 1938--he was president after 1921--and was a member of the State Board of Education from 1930 until 1935 when he resigned because of failing health. Hughes was also an active member of Christ Church (Episcopal) in Norfolk where he served as a vestryman from 1884 to 1928.\nHughes' major avocation, especially in later life, was that of amateur historian. His main interest was Virginia history and, within this field, the roles played by members of his own family. He felt particularly duty bound to defend the reputations of two close relatives: Gov. John B. Floyd (1806-1863), his adoptive maternal grandfather, and Gen. Joseph E. Johnston (1807-1891), U.S.A., C.S.A., his maternal great uncle. Johnston had in fact asked Hughes to write his official biography, a work which was published by Appleton in 1893. As a result of his commitment Hughes expended much time and energy writing articles and letters refuting \"incorrect\" statements by various authors which had directly or indirectly denigrated the careers or questioned the integrity of either man.\nRobert Morton Hughes died on January 15, 1940. He was survived by his wife - Mattie L. Smith Hughes, a son - Robert M. Hughes, Jr., and two grandchildren -Robert M. Hughes III and Carolyn Wright Hughes. A second son, Sydney Smith Hughes, had died in 1923.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote written by Janice Halecki\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Robert Morton Hughes was born on September 10, 1855, in the house of his mother's adoptive parents, Gov. John B. Floyd and Sally Preston Floyd at Abingdon in southwestern Virginia. Through his parents, Robert W. Hughes and Eliza Johnston Hughes, he was related to many of Western Virginia's prominent families, including the Prestons, Johnstons, Mortons, and Floyds. Hughes lived in Washington, D.C. and Richmond while still a child but spent most of his early life in Abingdon. He was educated there, largely by private tutors.\nHughes entered the College of William and Mary in 1870 at the age of 15 and graduated with an A. B. degree in 1873. His association with William and Mary would continue throughout his adult life. Hughes served on the college's Board of Visitors from 1893 to 1918 and was rector from 1905 to 1918. He was also an active fundraiser for the college and was instrumental in the establishment of its Marshall-Wythe School of Government and Citizenship. In 1920 his grateful alma mater awarded him an honorary doctor of laws degree while in 1959 the library of the Norfolk branch of William and Mary (now Old Dominion University) was named in his memory.\nHughes also attended the University of Virginia where he studied law and earned a M.A. degree in 1877. After being admitted to the bar this same year, Hughes set up practice in Norfolk, Virginia, where he would continue to work until his retirement in 1920. His specialty was admiralty law. Hughes was elected president of the Virginia Bar Association in 1895 and of the Norfolk and Portsmouth Bar Association in 1907. In 1926 he was appointed by the Governor to a special commission created to suggest revisions to the Virginia constitution.\nHughes was a lifelong Republican, following the lead of his father who had been one of the first prominent Virginians to turn Republican during the Reconstruction period. This affiliation would not prove very rewarding for him. An unsuccessful Republican candidate for congress in 1902 and 1904, Hughes also failed in several attempts to be appointed to federal judgeships, beginning in 1897 when he sought to succeed his father as a judge in the district court at Norfolk, Hughes was a staunch conservative and the last years of his life found him ardently opposing the New Deal in general and Roosevelt's attacks on the Supreme Court in particular.\nWhile Hughes never held elective office he served his community in many other ways. Besides his long tenure on the Board of Visitors of William and Mary, he sat on the Board of Directors of the Norfolk Public Library from 1912 to 1938--he was president after 1921--and was a member of the State Board of Education from 1930 until 1935 when he resigned because of failing health. Hughes was also an active member of Christ Church (Episcopal) in Norfolk where he served as a vestryman from 1884 to 1928.\nHughes' major avocation, especially in later life, was that of amateur historian. His main interest was Virginia history and, within this field, the roles played by members of his own family. He felt particularly duty bound to defend the reputations of two close relatives: Gov. John B. Floyd (1806-1863), his adoptive maternal grandfather, and Gen. Joseph E. Johnston (1807-1891), U.S.A., C.S.A., his maternal great uncle. Johnston had in fact asked Hughes to write his official biography, a work which was published by Appleton in 1893. As a result of his commitment Hughes expended much time and energy writing articles and letters refuting \"incorrect\" statements by various authors which had directly or indirectly denigrated the careers or questioned the integrity of either man.\nRobert Morton Hughes died on January 15, 1940. He was survived by his wife - Mattie L. Smith Hughes, a son - Robert M. Hughes, Jr., and two grandchildren -Robert M. Hughes III and Carolyn Wright Hughes. A second son, Sydney Smith Hughes, had died in 1923.","Note written by Janice Halecki"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Robert Morton Hughes Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Robert Morton Hughes Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOther papers related to Robert Morton Hughes can also be found in the Earl Gregg Swem Library at William \u0026amp; Mary (Mss. 65 H88 and UA 5.013).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Other papers related to Robert Morton Hughes can also be found in the Earl Gregg Swem Library at William \u0026 Mary (Mss. 65 H88 and UA 5.013)."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Hughes Papers are divided into three major sections. The first section contains Hughes' personal and political correspondence, speeches, literary efforts, small amounts of material related to his legal practice and to his involvement in Virginia political affairs (included is his participation in the Constitutional Commission of 1926-1927), and considerable material about his activities in support of education. Of particular note in this last area are his longtime association with the College of William and Mary (1870-1940) and his service on the State Board of Education (1930-1935).\nThe second section consists of correspondence and other papers originally belonging to certain of Hughes' relatives. Some of the correspondence goes back to the late 18th century. The major figures are Hughes' father Judge R. W. Hughes (d. 1901). his mother Eliza Johnston Hughes (d. 1908), his adoptive maternal grandfather John B. Floyd, (1806-1863) and his maternal great uncle Joseph E. Johnston, (1807-1891). Judge Hughes was one of the first prominent Virginian's to turn Republican in the post-Civil War Period; Floyd was Governor of Virginia (1849-1852), Secretary of War under Buchanan (1857-1860), and a general in the Confederate army (1861-1863); Johnston was a general in both the U.S. and Confederate armies (1860-1865). Among Hughes' papers are a number of incomplete drafts of Johnston's published war memoirs.\nThe third section consists of correspondence and other material related to Hughes' extensive activity as an amateur historian. The central topics are the careers of Gen. Johnston and Governor Floyd and after that Virginia and southern history in general.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Hughes Papers are divided into three major sections. The first section contains Hughes' personal and political correspondence, speeches, literary efforts, small amounts of material related to his legal practice and to his involvement in Virginia political affairs (included is his participation in the Constitutional Commission of 1926-1927), and considerable material about his activities in support of education. Of particular note in this last area are his longtime association with the College of William and Mary (1870-1940) and his service on the State Board of Education (1930-1935).\nThe second section consists of correspondence and other papers originally belonging to certain of Hughes' relatives. Some of the correspondence goes back to the late 18th century. The major figures are Hughes' father Judge R. W. Hughes (d. 1901). his mother Eliza Johnston Hughes (d. 1908), his adoptive maternal grandfather John B. Floyd, (1806-1863) and his maternal great uncle Joseph E. Johnston, (1807-1891). Judge Hughes was one of the first prominent Virginian's to turn Republican in the post-Civil War Period; Floyd was Governor of Virginia (1849-1852), Secretary of War under Buchanan (1857-1860), and a general in the Confederate army (1861-1863); Johnston was a general in both the U.S. and Confederate armies (1860-1865). Among Hughes' papers are a number of incomplete drafts of Johnston's published war memoirs.\nThe third section consists of correspondence and other material related to Hughes' extensive activity as an amateur historian. The central topics are the careers of Gen. Johnston and Governor Floyd and after that Virginia and southern history in general."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_9a777b5c2ba309cf2d25740d88fcbe63\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eContains personal and political correspondence regarding his legal practice, involvement in Virginia politics and his activities in support of education. Had longtime association with the College of William and Mary, served on the State Board of Education and the Board of Directors of the Norfolk Public Library. Significant aspect of this collection is the papers of his family, Governor John B. Floyd, General Joseph E. Johnston, and Judge Robert W. Hughes, important public figures before, during, and after the Civil War.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Contains personal and political correspondence regarding his legal practice, involvement in Virginia politics and his activities in support of education. Had longtime association with the College of William and Mary, served on the State Board of Education and the Board of Directors of the Norfolk Public Library. Significant aspect of this collection is the papers of his family, Governor John B. Floyd, General Joseph E. Johnston, and Judge Robert W. Hughes, important public figures before, during, and after the Civil War."],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","College of William and Mary. Norfolk Division","College of William and Mary. Board of Visitors","Virginia. State Board of Education"],"names_coll_ssim":["College of William and Mary. Norfolk Division","College of William and Mary. Board of Visitors","Virginia. State Board of Education","Hughes family","Johnston, Joseph E. (Joseph Eggleston) (1807-1891)","Floyd, John B. (John Buchanan) (1806-1863)","Hughes, Robert M. (Robert Morton) (1855-1940)"],"famname_ssim":["Hughes family"],"persname_ssim":["Hughes, Robert M. (Robert Morton) (1855-1940)","Johnston, Joseph E. (Joseph Eggleston) (1807-1891)","Floyd, John B. (John Buchanan) (1806-1863)"],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","College of William and Mary. Norfolk Division","College of William and Mary. Board of Visitors","Virginia. State Board of Education","Hughes family","Hughes, Robert M. (Robert Morton) (1855-1940)","Johnston, Joseph E. (Joseph Eggleston) (1807-1891)","Floyd, John B. (John Buchanan) (1806-1863)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":639,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:36.932Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_67_c11_c04"}},{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_180_c01_c02_c04","type":"Sub-Series","attributes":{"title":"Sub-Series D: Wilkins v. Davis (Congressional Redistricting), 1934/1965","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_180_c01_c02_c04#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_180_c01_c02_c04","ref_ssm":["vino_repositories_5_resources_180_c01_c02_c04"],"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_180_c01_c02_c04","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_180","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_180","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_180_c01_c02","parent_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_180_c01_c02","parent_ssim":["Henry E. Howell, Jr. Papers, 1928/1999, bulk 1960/1978","Record Group I: Accessions 1-5, 1934/1977","Series II: Legal Papers, 1934/1973"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vino_repositories_5_resources_180","vino_repositories_5_resources_180_c01","vino_repositories_5_resources_180_c01_c02"],"title_filing_ssi":"Sub-Series D: Wilkins v. Davis (Congressional Redistricting)","title_ssm":["Sub-Series D: Wilkins v. Davis (Congressional Redistricting)"],"title_tesim":["Sub-Series D: Wilkins v. Davis (Congressional Redistricting)"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Sub-Series D: Wilkins v. Davis (Congressional Redistricting), 1934/1965"],"text":["Sub-Series D: Wilkins v. Davis (Congressional Redistricting), 1934/1965","Henry E. Howell, Jr. Papers, 1928/1999, bulk 1960/1978","Record Group I: Accessions 1-5, 1934/1977","Series II: Legal Papers, 1934/1973"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Henry E. Howell, Jr. Papers, 1928/1999, bulk 1960/1978","Record Group I: Accessions 1-5, 1934/1977","Series II: Legal Papers, 1934/1973"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Henry E. Howell, Jr. Papers, 1928/1999, bulk 1960/1978","Record Group I: Accessions 1-5, 1934/1977","Series II: Legal Papers, 1934/1973"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1934/1965"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1934, 1964-1965"],"level_ssm":["Sub-Series"],"level_ssim":["Sub-series"],"component_level_isim":[3],"sort_isi":139,"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"collection_ssim":["Henry E. Howell, Jr. Papers, 1928/1999, bulk 1960/1978"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":2,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open to researchers without restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"date_range_isim":[1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#1/components#3","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:26.509Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_180","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_180","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_180","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_180","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_5_resources_180.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archivesguides.lib.odu.edu/repositories/5/resources/180","title_filing_ssi":"Howell, Henry E., Jr.","title_ssm":["Henry E. Howell, Jr. Papers"],"title_tesim":["Henry E. Howell, Jr. Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1928-1999, undated","1960-1978","Date acquired: 11/04/1974"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1928-1999, undated"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1960-1978"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 11/04/1974"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1928/1999, bulk 1960/1978"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Henry E. Howell, Jr. Papers, 1928/1999, bulk 1960/1978"],"text":["Henry E. Howell, Jr. Papers, 1928/1999, bulk 1960/1978","MG 1","/repositories/5/resources/180","City council members--Virginia--Norfolk","Lawyers--Virginia--Norfolk","Virginia--Politics and government","Virginia--Lieutenant-governors","Busing for school integration--Virginia","Governors--Election--History--20th century","Democratic Party (Va.)","School integration--Massive resistance movement","The collection is open to researchers without restrictions.","Second accession: Gift of Henry Howell, Jr. 1976.","Third accession:  Gift of Henry Howell, Jr., 1977.","Fourth accession:  Gift of Henry Howell, Jr., 1978.","Fifth accession:  Gift of Henry Howell, Jr., 1980.","Sixth Accession: Gift of Mary Howell, 1998.","Seventh Accession: Gift of Mary Howell, 2008.","The collection is organized into two record groups: Record Group I: Accessions 1-5; and Record Group II: Accessions 6-7. Each record group is further organized into series within each record group.","Henry Evans Howell, Jr., was born in Norfolk, Virginia, on September 5, 1920. Mr. Howell married the former Elizabeth McCarty of Portsmouth and Crewe, Virginia. They had three children: Mary, Hank and Susan.","Howell graduated from Maury High School in 1938. After attending the Norfolk Division of the College of William and Mary (now Old Dominion University), Howell entered the Law School of the University of Virginia. He graduated with an LL.B. degree in 1943.","Howell first practiced law in West Palm Beach, Florida, but returned to Norfolk after several years. He served as law clerk to U.S. District Court Judge Sterling Hutcheson and Albert V. Bryan, and in 1948 he became associated with R. Arthur Jett with whom he formed the law firm of Jett, Sykes, and Howell in 1950. He formed a new firm - Howell, Anninos, and Daugherty (now Howell, Anninos, Daugherty, and Brown) in 1959. Mr. Howell specialized in admiralty and tort law.","Howell first became involved in politics during Francis Pickens Miller's unsuccessful campaign for the Democratic nomination for Governor in 1949. In 1952 he served as co-manager in Norfolk for Miller's unsuccessful primary battle against Senator Harry F. Byrd. He later headed the \"Volunteers for Stevenson-Kefauver\" in Norfolk.","Howell first ran for political office in 1953 when he was an unsuccessful candidate in the Democratic primary for one of Norfolk's seats in the House of Delegates. His subsequent campaigns which made him one of the best known political figures in Virginia brought him his share of notable victories and bitter disappointments. His successes include election as a Democrat to the House of Delegates in 1959 and 1963 and to the State Senate in 1965 and 1967, and election to the Lt. Governor's office in 1971 as an independent. Howell's disappointments include a narrow loss for re-nomination in the 1961 Democratic primary in Norfolk, a loss to William C. Battle by less than 2% of the votes for the Democratic nomination for Governor in 1969, and a razor-thin loss in 1973 when he ran for Governor as an independent against Republican Mills Godwin.","Howell was always a \"maverick\" in terms of traditional Virginia politics. He was a liberal in a basically conservative state, pro-labor in a state which strongly favors right-to-work laws, a representative of an urbanized, industrialized district in a state legislature long dominated by politicians from rural areas - the remnants of the \"Byrd machine.\" His survival as a viable political figure under these circumstances seems attributable to his avowed stance as a \"populist,\" a champion of the ordinary citizen against the big economic interests and their political allies. One of his key slogans was \"Keep the Big Boys Honest.\"","In 1977 Henry Howell ran for the third time for Governor of Virginia. Howell waged his usual vigorous campaign. His opponent was former Attorney General Andrew Miller in the Democratic primary.Howell received 253,373 votes (51.4%) to 239,735 (48.6%) for Miller. Howell's primary victory was attributable to support by a coalition of liberals, urban voters, Black people and organized labor. These groups tend to vote heavily in Democratic primary elections. In fact their influence in Democratic primaries is out of proportion to their number in the electorate as a whole.","Henry Howell appeared confident of his success against his Republican opponent John Dalton in the fall campaign. Once again, however, he experienced defeat. In what some analysts interpreted as a referendum on Howell himself, the voters gave Dalton a victory by 157,983 votes. Dalton received 55.9% (699,302 votes) to Howell's 43.3% (541,319 votes). Nonetheless, Howell remained prominent in the liberal faction of Virginia's Democratic Party and strongly supported President Jimmy Carter for re-election in 1980.","Henry Howell died at his home in Norfolk on July 7, 1997.","The first record group was processed and finding aid created by James F. Walsh in 1974.","Henry Howell audiovisual material related to his political campains can be found at the Library of Virginia.","Record Group I: Accessions 1-5","The bulk of this record group deals with Mr. Howell's political career, first in Norfolk, Virginia, and, after 1968, on the statewide level as well. The specifically political papers deal with Howell's involvement in political campaigns and Democratic Party affairs. Most of this consists of correspondence, miscellaneous records and campaign materials from his own campaigns for office, especially those for Governor in 1969 and 1973, and for Lt. Governor in 1971. Most of the newspaper clippings, pictorial and sound records, file cards, and speeches concern these campaigns. The legislative material consists of correspondence and reference material directly related to Mr. Howell's legislative activities as a Delegate (1960-1962, 1964-1966) and State Senator (1966-1971).","The legal papers consist largely of briefs and correspondence pertaining to Mr. Howell's \"political\" cases: suits the re-poll tax, legislative reapportionment, the use of federal impact funds, etc., as well as State Corporation Commission hearings and related court suits  regarding requests for rate increases by public utilities and insurance companies. The personal papers are largely personal correspondence unrelated to Mr. Howell's legislative and legal careers.","Record Group II: Accessions 6-7","This combined accession consists of correspondence (personal, legal, and political), legal materials and documents, gubernatorial campaign materials, legislative materials, audio-visual items, photographs, and memorabilia. The accession also contains materials belonging to Henry Howell's wife, Elizabeth (Betty). Her materials mostly pertain to her service on the Norfolk City Council (1974-1992).","Materials in regard to Howell's political campaigns (1969, 1973, 1977 Gubernatorial Campaigns; 1971 Special Campaign for Lt. Governor) take up the bulk and these materials consist of press releases, campaign flyers and pamphlets, campaign operations and schedules, and speeches. Legal materials consist of Howell's cases against C \u0026 P Telephone and the Virginia Power and Electric Company.","Audio-Visual materials consist of film and audio recordings pertaining to Howell's 1969, 1973, and 1977 gubernatorial campaigns. Some of the materials are copies from the Library of Virginia's Henry Howell Audio-Visual Collection (http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=lva/vi02326.xml)","Memorabilia includes various plaques and awards depicting Howell's service to the community and campaign items including bumper stickers, buttons, and signs.  Other items of note include a framed letter to Henry and Betty Howell, from Lady Bird Johnson, and printing plate depicting \"how the Byrd machine works.\"","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","Henry Evans Howell, Jr. served in the General Assembly and as Lieutenant Governor (1971-1973). Unsuccessful candidate for Governor of Virginia three times (1969, 1973,1977). Bulk of the collection deals with his career in politics, first in Norfolk and, after 1968, on the statewide level. Documents Democratic Party affairs from 1948 through 1977. Also includes promotional audio and video clips created as part of Howell's campaigns for the Virginia governorship in 1969, 1973 and 1977. Included are radio and television advertisements, speeches and scripted television broadcasts.","ODU Community Collections","Virginia. General Assembly","Howell, Henry E. (Henry Evans) (1920-1997)","Howell, Elizabeth McCarty (1917-2005)","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Henry E. Howell, Jr. Papers, 1928/1999, bulk 1960/1978"],"collection_ssim":["Henry E. Howell, Jr. Papers, 1928/1999, bulk 1960/1978"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MG 1","/repositories/5/resources/180"],"unitid_tesim":["MG 1","/repositories/5/resources/180"],"repository_ssm":["Old Dominion University"],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"creator_ssm":["Howell, Henry E. (Henry Evans) (1920-1997)"],"creator_ssim":["Howell, Henry E. (Henry Evans) (1920-1997)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Howell, Henry E. (Henry Evans) (1920-1997)","Howell, Elizabeth McCarty (1917-2005)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Virginia. General Assembly"],"creators_ssim":["Howell, Henry E. (Henry Evans) (1920-1997)","Howell, Elizabeth McCarty (1917-2005)","ODU Community Collections","Virginia. General Assembly"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of the Honorable Henry E. Howell, Jr.","Gift. Accession #A74-12"],"access_subjects_ssim":["City council members--Virginia--Norfolk","Lawyers--Virginia--Norfolk","Virginia--Politics and government","Virginia--Lieutenant-governors","Busing for school integration--Virginia","Governors--Election--History--20th century","Democratic Party (Va.)","School integration--Massive resistance movement"],"access_subjects_ssm":["City council members--Virginia--Norfolk","Lawyers--Virginia--Norfolk","Virginia--Politics and government","Virginia--Lieutenant-governors","Busing for school integration--Virginia","Governors--Election--History--20th century","Democratic Party (Va.)","School integration--Massive resistance movement"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["208.10 Linear Feet","295 Hollinger document cases; 16 record cartons; 9 oversize boxes; 3 media boxes boxes"],"extent_tesim":["208.10 Linear Feet","295 Hollinger document cases; 16 record cartons; 9 oversize boxes; 3 media boxes boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to researchers without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to researchers without restrictions."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSecond accession: Gift of Henry Howell, Jr. 1976.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThird accession:  Gift of Henry Howell, Jr., 1977.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFourth accession:  Gift of Henry Howell, Jr., 1978.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFifth accession:  Gift of Henry Howell, Jr., 1980.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSixth Accession: Gift of Mary Howell, 1998.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeventh Accession: Gift of Mary Howell, 2008.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals and Additions"],"accruals_tesim":["Second accession: Gift of Henry Howell, Jr. 1976.","Third accession:  Gift of Henry Howell, Jr., 1977.","Fourth accession:  Gift of Henry Howell, Jr., 1978.","Fifth accession:  Gift of Henry Howell, Jr., 1980.","Sixth Accession: Gift of Mary Howell, 1998.","Seventh Accession: Gift of Mary Howell, 2008."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into two record groups: Record Group I: Accessions 1-5; and Record Group II: Accessions 6-7. Each record group is further organized into series within each record group.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into two record groups: Record Group I: Accessions 1-5; and Record Group II: Accessions 6-7. Each record group is further organized into series within each record group."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHenry Evans Howell, Jr., was born in Norfolk, Virginia, on September 5, 1920. Mr. Howell married the former Elizabeth McCarty of Portsmouth and Crewe, Virginia. They had three children: Mary, Hank and Susan.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHowell graduated from Maury High School in 1938. After attending the Norfolk Division of the College of William and Mary (now Old Dominion University), Howell entered the Law School of the University of Virginia. He graduated with an LL.B. degree in 1943.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHowell first practiced law in West Palm Beach, Florida, but returned to Norfolk after several years. He served as law clerk to U.S. District Court Judge Sterling Hutcheson and Albert V. Bryan, and in 1948 he became associated with R. Arthur Jett with whom he formed the law firm of Jett, Sykes, and Howell in 1950. He formed a new firm - Howell, Anninos, and Daugherty (now Howell, Anninos, Daugherty, and Brown) in 1959. Mr. Howell specialized in admiralty and tort law.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHowell first became involved in politics during Francis Pickens Miller's unsuccessful campaign for the Democratic nomination for Governor in 1949. In 1952 he served as co-manager in Norfolk for Miller's unsuccessful primary battle against Senator Harry F. Byrd. He later headed the \"Volunteers for Stevenson-Kefauver\" in Norfolk.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHowell first ran for political office in 1953 when he was an unsuccessful candidate in the Democratic primary for one of Norfolk's seats in the House of Delegates. His subsequent campaigns which made him one of the best known political figures in Virginia brought him his share of notable victories and bitter disappointments. His successes include election as a Democrat to the House of Delegates in 1959 and 1963 and to the State Senate in 1965 and 1967, and election to the Lt. Governor's office in 1971 as an independent. Howell's disappointments include a narrow loss for re-nomination in the 1961 Democratic primary in Norfolk, a loss to William C. Battle by less than 2% of the votes for the Democratic nomination for Governor in 1969, and a razor-thin loss in 1973 when he ran for Governor as an independent against Republican Mills Godwin.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHowell was always a \"maverick\" in terms of traditional Virginia politics. He was a liberal in a basically conservative state, pro-labor in a state which strongly favors right-to-work laws, a representative of an urbanized, industrialized district in a state legislature long dominated by politicians from rural areas - the remnants of the \"Byrd machine.\" His survival as a viable political figure under these circumstances seems attributable to his avowed stance as a \"populist,\" a champion of the ordinary citizen against the big economic interests and their political allies. One of his key slogans was \"Keep the Big Boys Honest.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1977 Henry Howell ran for the third time for Governor of Virginia. Howell waged his usual vigorous campaign. His opponent was former Attorney General Andrew Miller in the Democratic primary.Howell received 253,373 votes (51.4%) to 239,735 (48.6%) for Miller. Howell's primary victory was attributable to support by a coalition of liberals, urban voters, Black people and organized labor. These groups tend to vote heavily in Democratic primary elections. In fact their influence in Democratic primaries is out of proportion to their number in the electorate as a whole.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHenry Howell appeared confident of his success against his Republican opponent John Dalton in the fall campaign. Once again, however, he experienced defeat. In what some analysts interpreted as a referendum on Howell himself, the voters gave Dalton a victory by 157,983 votes. Dalton received 55.9% (699,302 votes) to Howell's 43.3% (541,319 votes). Nonetheless, Howell remained prominent in the liberal faction of Virginia's Democratic Party and strongly supported President Jimmy Carter for re-election in 1980.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHenry Howell died at his home in Norfolk on July 7, 1997.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Henry Evans Howell, Jr., was born in Norfolk, Virginia, on September 5, 1920. Mr. Howell married the former Elizabeth McCarty of Portsmouth and Crewe, Virginia. They had three children: Mary, Hank and Susan.","Howell graduated from Maury High School in 1938. After attending the Norfolk Division of the College of William and Mary (now Old Dominion University), Howell entered the Law School of the University of Virginia. He graduated with an LL.B. degree in 1943.","Howell first practiced law in West Palm Beach, Florida, but returned to Norfolk after several years. He served as law clerk to U.S. District Court Judge Sterling Hutcheson and Albert V. Bryan, and in 1948 he became associated with R. Arthur Jett with whom he formed the law firm of Jett, Sykes, and Howell in 1950. He formed a new firm - Howell, Anninos, and Daugherty (now Howell, Anninos, Daugherty, and Brown) in 1959. Mr. Howell specialized in admiralty and tort law.","Howell first became involved in politics during Francis Pickens Miller's unsuccessful campaign for the Democratic nomination for Governor in 1949. In 1952 he served as co-manager in Norfolk for Miller's unsuccessful primary battle against Senator Harry F. Byrd. He later headed the \"Volunteers for Stevenson-Kefauver\" in Norfolk.","Howell first ran for political office in 1953 when he was an unsuccessful candidate in the Democratic primary for one of Norfolk's seats in the House of Delegates. His subsequent campaigns which made him one of the best known political figures in Virginia brought him his share of notable victories and bitter disappointments. His successes include election as a Democrat to the House of Delegates in 1959 and 1963 and to the State Senate in 1965 and 1967, and election to the Lt. Governor's office in 1971 as an independent. Howell's disappointments include a narrow loss for re-nomination in the 1961 Democratic primary in Norfolk, a loss to William C. Battle by less than 2% of the votes for the Democratic nomination for Governor in 1969, and a razor-thin loss in 1973 when he ran for Governor as an independent against Republican Mills Godwin.","Howell was always a \"maverick\" in terms of traditional Virginia politics. He was a liberal in a basically conservative state, pro-labor in a state which strongly favors right-to-work laws, a representative of an urbanized, industrialized district in a state legislature long dominated by politicians from rural areas - the remnants of the \"Byrd machine.\" His survival as a viable political figure under these circumstances seems attributable to his avowed stance as a \"populist,\" a champion of the ordinary citizen against the big economic interests and their political allies. One of his key slogans was \"Keep the Big Boys Honest.\"","In 1977 Henry Howell ran for the third time for Governor of Virginia. Howell waged his usual vigorous campaign. His opponent was former Attorney General Andrew Miller in the Democratic primary.Howell received 253,373 votes (51.4%) to 239,735 (48.6%) for Miller. Howell's primary victory was attributable to support by a coalition of liberals, urban voters, Black people and organized labor. These groups tend to vote heavily in Democratic primary elections. In fact their influence in Democratic primaries is out of proportion to their number in the electorate as a whole.","Henry Howell appeared confident of his success against his Republican opponent John Dalton in the fall campaign. Once again, however, he experienced defeat. In what some analysts interpreted as a referendum on Howell himself, the voters gave Dalton a victory by 157,983 votes. Dalton received 55.9% (699,302 votes) to Howell's 43.3% (541,319 votes). Nonetheless, Howell remained prominent in the liberal faction of Virginia's Democratic Party and strongly supported President Jimmy Carter for re-election in 1980.","Henry Howell died at his home in Norfolk on July 7, 1997."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Henry E. Howell, Jr. Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Henry E. Howell, Jr. Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe first record group was processed and finding aid created by James F. Walsh in 1974.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The first record group was processed and finding aid created by James F. Walsh in 1974."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHenry Howell audiovisual material related to his political campains can be found at the \u003cextref href=\"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=lva/vi02326.xml\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Henry Howell audiovisual material related to his political campains can be found at the Library of Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eScope and Contents: Record Group I: Accessions 1-5\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of this record group deals with Mr. Howell's political career, first in Norfolk, Virginia, and, after 1968, on the statewide level as well. The specifically political papers deal with Howell's involvement in political campaigns and Democratic Party affairs. Most of this consists of correspondence, miscellaneous records and campaign materials from his own campaigns for office, especially those for Governor in 1969 and 1973, and for Lt. Governor in 1971. Most of the newspaper clippings, pictorial and sound records, file cards, and speeches concern these campaigns. The legislative material consists of correspondence and reference material directly related to Mr. Howell's legislative activities as a Delegate (1960-1962, 1964-1966) and State Senator (1966-1971).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe legal papers consist largely of briefs and correspondence pertaining to Mr. Howell's \"political\" cases: suits the re-poll tax, legislative reapportionment, the use of federal impact funds, etc., as well as State Corporation Commission hearings and related court suits  regarding requests for rate increases by public utilities and insurance companies. The personal papers are largely personal correspondence unrelated to Mr. Howell's legislative and legal careers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eScope and Contents: Record Group II: Accessions 6-7\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis combined accession consists of correspondence (personal, legal, and political), legal materials and documents, gubernatorial campaign materials, legislative materials, audio-visual items, photographs, and memorabilia. The accession also contains materials belonging to Henry Howell's wife, Elizabeth (Betty). Her materials mostly pertain to her service on the Norfolk City Council (1974-1992).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials in regard to Howell's political campaigns (1969, 1973, 1977 Gubernatorial Campaigns; 1971 Special Campaign for Lt. Governor) take up the bulk and these materials consist of press releases, campaign flyers and pamphlets, campaign operations and schedules, and speeches. Legal materials consist of Howell's cases against C \u0026amp; P Telephone and the Virginia Power and Electric Company.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAudio-Visual materials consist of film and audio recordings pertaining to Howell's 1969, 1973, and 1977 gubernatorial campaigns. Some of the materials are copies from the Library of Virginia's Henry Howell Audio-Visual Collection (\u003cextref href=\"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=lva/vi02326.xml\"\u003ehttp://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=lva/vi02326.xml\u003c/extref\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMemorabilia includes various plaques and awards depicting Howell's service to the community and campaign items including bumper stickers, buttons, and signs.  Other items of note include a framed letter to Henry and Betty Howell, from Lady Bird Johnson, and printing plate depicting \"how the Byrd machine works.\"\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Record Group I: Accessions 1-5","The bulk of this record group deals with Mr. Howell's political career, first in Norfolk, Virginia, and, after 1968, on the statewide level as well. The specifically political papers deal with Howell's involvement in political campaigns and Democratic Party affairs. Most of this consists of correspondence, miscellaneous records and campaign materials from his own campaigns for office, especially those for Governor in 1969 and 1973, and for Lt. Governor in 1971. Most of the newspaper clippings, pictorial and sound records, file cards, and speeches concern these campaigns. The legislative material consists of correspondence and reference material directly related to Mr. Howell's legislative activities as a Delegate (1960-1962, 1964-1966) and State Senator (1966-1971).","The legal papers consist largely of briefs and correspondence pertaining to Mr. Howell's \"political\" cases: suits the re-poll tax, legislative reapportionment, the use of federal impact funds, etc., as well as State Corporation Commission hearings and related court suits  regarding requests for rate increases by public utilities and insurance companies. The personal papers are largely personal correspondence unrelated to Mr. Howell's legislative and legal careers.","Record Group II: Accessions 6-7","This combined accession consists of correspondence (personal, legal, and political), legal materials and documents, gubernatorial campaign materials, legislative materials, audio-visual items, photographs, and memorabilia. The accession also contains materials belonging to Henry Howell's wife, Elizabeth (Betty). Her materials mostly pertain to her service on the Norfolk City Council (1974-1992).","Materials in regard to Howell's political campaigns (1969, 1973, 1977 Gubernatorial Campaigns; 1971 Special Campaign for Lt. Governor) take up the bulk and these materials consist of press releases, campaign flyers and pamphlets, campaign operations and schedules, and speeches. Legal materials consist of Howell's cases against C \u0026 P Telephone and the Virginia Power and Electric Company.","Audio-Visual materials consist of film and audio recordings pertaining to Howell's 1969, 1973, and 1977 gubernatorial campaigns. Some of the materials are copies from the Library of Virginia's Henry Howell Audio-Visual Collection (http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=lva/vi02326.xml)","Memorabilia includes various plaques and awards depicting Howell's service to the community and campaign items including bumper stickers, buttons, and signs.  Other items of note include a framed letter to Henry and Betty Howell, from Lady Bird Johnson, and printing plate depicting \"how the Byrd machine works.\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_54283d23f09da93926d113d7a86b0737\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eHenry Evans Howell, Jr. served in the General Assembly and as Lieutenant Governor (1971-1973). Unsuccessful candidate for Governor of Virginia three times (1969, 1973,1977). Bulk of the collection deals with his career in politics, first in Norfolk and, after 1968, on the statewide level. Documents Democratic Party affairs from 1948 through 1977. Also includes promotional audio and video clips created as part of Howell's campaigns for the Virginia governorship in 1969, 1973 and 1977. Included are radio and television advertisements, speeches and scripted television broadcasts.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Henry Evans Howell, Jr. served in the General Assembly and as Lieutenant Governor (1971-1973). Unsuccessful candidate for Governor of Virginia three times (1969, 1973,1977). Bulk of the collection deals with his career in politics, first in Norfolk and, after 1968, on the statewide level. Documents Democratic Party affairs from 1948 through 1977. Also includes promotional audio and video clips created as part of Howell's campaigns for the Virginia governorship in 1969, 1973 and 1977. Included are radio and television advertisements, speeches and scripted television broadcasts."],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Virginia. General Assembly"],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia. General Assembly","Howell, Elizabeth McCarty (1917-2005)","Howell, Henry E. (Henry Evans) (1920-1997)"],"persname_ssim":["Howell, Henry E. (Henry Evans) (1920-1997)","Howell, Elizabeth McCarty (1917-2005)"],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Virginia. General Assembly","Howell, Henry E. (Henry Evans) (1920-1997)","Howell, Elizabeth McCarty (1917-2005)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":4890,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:26.509Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_180_c01_c02_c04"}},{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_238_c02_c03_c04","type":"Sub-Series","attributes":{"title":"Sub-Series D: Women, Staff, and Volunteers, 1920/2000","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_238_c02_c03_c04#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series includes photographs of individual women such as Cheryl Marks, former Executive Director of YWCA; Irene Leache, a collector of art; Mrs. C.P. Shaw, founding President of Norfolk YWCA, 1911; Mary Sue Terry, former Virginia Attorney General; Lt. D.A. Reid, first woman Navy Physician stationed aboard a ship; and the Woman Suffrage statue in the U.S. Capitol Building (Elizabeth Stanton, Lucretia Mott, Susan B. Anthony).\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_238_c02_c03_c04#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_238_c02_c03_c04","ref_ssm":["vino_repositories_5_resources_238_c02_c03_c04"],"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_238_c02_c03_c04","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_238","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_238","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_238_c02_c03","parent_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_238_c02_c03","parent_ssim":["Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) of Hampton Roads Records, 1906/2017, bulk 1960/1990","Record Group II: Second Accession, 1906/2006","Series III: Photographs, 1920/2006"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vino_repositories_5_resources_238","vino_repositories_5_resources_238_c02","vino_repositories_5_resources_238_c02_c03"],"title_filing_ssi":"Sub-Series D: Women, Staff, and Volunteers","title_ssm":["Sub-Series D: Women, Staff, and Volunteers"],"title_tesim":["Sub-Series D: Women, Staff, and Volunteers"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Sub-Series D: Women, Staff, and Volunteers, 1920/2000"],"text":["Sub-Series D: Women, Staff, and Volunteers, 1920/2000","Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) of Hampton Roads Records, 1906/2017, bulk 1960/1990","Record Group II: Second Accession, 1906/2006","Series III: Photographs, 1920/2006","This sub-series includes photographs of individual women such as Cheryl Marks, former Executive Director of YWCA; Irene Leache, a collector of art; Mrs. C.P. Shaw, founding President of Norfolk YWCA, 1911; Mary Sue Terry, former Virginia Attorney General; Lt. D.A. Reid, first woman Navy Physician stationed aboard a ship; and the Woman Suffrage statue in the U.S. Capitol Building (Elizabeth Stanton, Lucretia Mott, Susan B. Anthony)."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) of Hampton Roads Records, 1906/2017, bulk 1960/1990","Record Group II: Second Accession, 1906/2006","Series III: Photographs, 1920/2006"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) of Hampton Roads Records, 1906/2017, bulk 1960/1990","Record Group II: Second Accession, 1906/2006","Series III: Photographs, 1920/2006"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1920/2000"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1920-2000, undated"],"level_ssm":["Sub-Series"],"level_ssim":["Sub-series"],"component_level_isim":[3],"sort_isi":676,"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"collection_ssim":["Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) of Hampton Roads Records, 1906/2017, bulk 1960/1990"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":1,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Open to researchers without restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"date_range_isim":[1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series includes photographs of individual women such as Cheryl Marks, former Executive Director of YWCA; Irene Leache, a collector of art; Mrs. C.P. Shaw, founding President of Norfolk YWCA, 1911; Mary Sue Terry, former Virginia Attorney General; Lt. D.A. Reid, first woman Navy Physician stationed aboard a ship; and the Woman Suffrage statue in the U.S. Capitol Building (Elizabeth Stanton, Lucretia Mott, Susan B. Anthony).\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This sub-series includes photographs of individual women such as Cheryl Marks, former Executive Director of YWCA; Irene Leache, a collector of art; Mrs. C.P. Shaw, founding President of Norfolk YWCA, 1911; Mary Sue Terry, former Virginia Attorney General; Lt. D.A. Reid, first woman Navy Physician stationed aboard a ship; and the Woman Suffrage statue in the U.S. Capitol Building (Elizabeth Stanton, Lucretia Mott, Susan B. Anthony)."],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#2/components#3","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:33.091Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_238","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_238","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_238","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_238","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_5_resources_238.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archivesguides.lib.odu.edu/repositories/5/resources/238","title_filing_ssi":"Young Women's Christian Association of Hampton Roads","title_ssm":["Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) of Hampton Roads Records"],"title_tesim":["Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) of Hampton Roads Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1906-2017, undated","1960-1990","Date acquired: 08/30/2000"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1906-2017, undated"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1960-1990"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 08/30/2000"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1906/2017, bulk 1960/1990"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) of Hampton Roads Records, 1906/2017, bulk 1960/1990"],"text":["Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) of Hampton Roads Records, 1906/2017, bulk 1960/1990","MG 76","/repositories/5/resources/238","Women in community organization--Virginia","Women--United States--Societies, etc.","Women--Services for--Virginia","Women--Virginia--Social conditions","Young women--Services for--Virginia","Domestic Violence--prevention and control","Racism--Prevention","Women's rights","Camps for girls--Virginia","Leadership in women--Virginia","Open to researchers without restrictions.","The second accession was received by Special Collections and University Archives from Regina Malveaux, on behalf of the YWCA of Hampton Roads, on 03/30/2010.","This collection is broken down into groups based on when they were given to Special Collections and University Archives: Record Group 1: First Accession; and Record Group 2: Second Accession. Each record group is further organized into series within each record group.","The YWCA (Young Women's Christian Association) is the oldest and largest women's membership association. It began in London in 1855, and first came to the U.S. in 1858. Although similar in name, the YWCA has no affiliation with the YMCA. The YWCA was an independent movement that arose out of Women's church groups as a way of making life better for other women. These first YWCA's provided boarding houses, skills training, recreation, and a social environment for single, working women. After World War II, the YWCA's emphasis shifted to the family: mother and children. In 1946, the YWCA adopted an Interracial Charter. Its purpose became the empowerment of women and the elimination of racism.","The YWCA of South Hampton Roads started as housing for working girls in 1893. In 1908, the Phyllis Wheatley Branch of the YWCA of Norfolk began as an association of African American Women. The branch was named after a black woman poet who lived during the time of the Revolutionary War. Another YWCA started in Norfolk in 1911. This chapter had a residence for single women, and offered classes in cooking, stenography, Bible studies, typing, and gymnastics. It also had a cafeteria and a reading room. In 1925, the two branches came together. Then, in the 1950s a Virginia Beach branch was created. Over the years, many splits and mergers have occurred in the YWCA's of Hampton Roads. Throughout their history, the YWCA chapters of Hampton Roads have created many institutions in the community. Camp Owaissa, Camp E.W. Young, and various day camps have provided summer recreation for young girls. The Norfolk YWCA ran a cafeteria on West Freemason for many years. The YWCA has hosted women's shelters including the Phyllis Wheatley House, the Wilkshaw, and undisclosed battered women's shelters.","Other YWCA programs have included the Winners Dinners, now known as the Women of Distinction Award, where women of achievement have been recognized, Y-Prep and Y-Teens for young and adolescent girls, Black History Month, the Women in Crisis Program for victims of domestic violence, the Women in Transition Program to help economically disadvantaged women find employment or gain job skills, and Ladies Day Out workshops and fashion shows.","In addition to these, the YWCA of Hampton Roads has held and continues to hold a wide variety of programs for women of all ages and backgrounds. They offer classes, workshops, and training; fashion and talent shows; retreats; conventions; political events, achievement and award dinners, services and shelter for battered and abused women and children; and a variety of youth programs.","Note written by Special Collections Staff","Handling of the scrapbooks may be limited due to the fragile nature of the material.","The first accession was processed between 2000 and 2010. The second accession was processed by Mona Farrow, Reading Room Supervisor, in 2017.","Ocean View, Seaside and Seaview Amusement Park Collection (MG 31) and Virginia Beach Resorts Research Collection (RC 2) contains information about Seaview, the African American resort at the Virginia Beach oceanfront. YWCA material can also be found in the Women's Council for Interracial Cooperation Papers (MG 54).Current information about the YWCA of South Hampton Roads can be found on their website.","This collection contains the records of the Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) of Hampton Roads. Included in the records are the administrative records of the organization, publications, photographs, scrapbooks, artifacts, and blueprints of various property held by the organization.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","The YWCA (Young Women's Christian Association) is the oldest and largest women's membership organization. The YWCA of South Hampton Roads first started as housing for working girls in 1893. Throughout their history, the YWCA chapters of Hampton Roads have advanced their purposes of empowering women and fighting racism by running women's shelters, camps, workshops, and various other programs. The collection consists mainly of photos, scrapbooks, and newspaper clippings, as well as some business and historical records of the organization.","ODU Community Collections","Young Women's Christian Association of Hampton Roads (Va.)","Young Women's Christian Association of the U.S.A.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) of Hampton Roads Records, 1906/2017, bulk 1960/1990"],"collection_ssim":["Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) of Hampton Roads Records, 1906/2017, bulk 1960/1990"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MG 76","/repositories/5/resources/238"],"unitid_tesim":["MG 76","/repositories/5/resources/238"],"repository_ssm":["Old Dominion University"],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"creator_ssm":["Young Women's Christian Association of Hampton Roads (Va.)"],"creator_ssim":["Young Women's Christian Association of Hampton Roads (Va.)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Young Women's Christian Association of Hampton Roads (Va.)","Young Women's Christian Association of the U.S.A."],"creators_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Young Women's Christian Association of Hampton Roads (Va.)","Young Women's Christian Association of the U.S.A."],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["YWCA of Hampton Roads","Gift. Accession #A2000-7"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women in community organization--Virginia","Women--United States--Societies, etc.","Women--Services for--Virginia","Women--Virginia--Social conditions","Young women--Services for--Virginia","Domestic Violence--prevention and control","Racism--Prevention","Women's rights","Camps for girls--Virginia","Leadership in women--Virginia"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women in community organization--Virginia","Women--United States--Societies, etc.","Women--Services for--Virginia","Women--Virginia--Social conditions","Young women--Services for--Virginia","Domestic Violence--prevention and control","Racism--Prevention","Women's rights","Camps for girls--Virginia","Leadership in women--Virginia"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["45.20 Linear Feet","38 Hollinger document cases and 29 oversized boxes boxes"],"extent_tesim":["45.20 Linear Feet","38 Hollinger document cases and 29 oversized boxes boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOpen to researchers without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Open to researchers without restrictions."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe second accession was received by Special Collections and University Archives from Regina Malveaux, on behalf of the YWCA of Hampton Roads, on 03/30/2010.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals and Additions"],"accruals_tesim":["The second accession was received by Special Collections and University Archives from Regina Malveaux, on behalf of the YWCA of Hampton Roads, on 03/30/2010."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is broken down into groups based on when they were given to Special Collections and University Archives: Record Group 1: First Accession; and Record Group 2: Second Accession. Each record group is further organized into series within each record group.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is broken down into groups based on when they were given to Special Collections and University Archives: Record Group 1: First Accession; and Record Group 2: Second Accession. Each record group is further organized into series within each record group."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe YWCA (Young Women's Christian Association) is the oldest and largest women's membership association. It began in London in 1855, and first came to the U.S. in 1858. Although similar in name, the YWCA has no affiliation with the YMCA. The YWCA was an independent movement that arose out of Women's church groups as a way of making life better for other women. These first YWCA's provided boarding houses, skills training, recreation, and a social environment for single, working women. After World War II, the YWCA's emphasis shifted to the family: mother and children. In 1946, the YWCA adopted an Interracial Charter. Its purpose became the empowerment of women and the elimination of racism.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe YWCA of South Hampton Roads started as housing for working girls in 1893. In 1908, the Phyllis Wheatley Branch of the YWCA of Norfolk began as an association of African American Women. The branch was named after a black woman poet who lived during the time of the Revolutionary War. Another YWCA started in Norfolk in 1911. This chapter had a residence for single women, and offered classes in cooking, stenography, Bible studies, typing, and gymnastics. It also had a cafeteria and a reading room. In 1925, the two branches came together. Then, in the 1950s a Virginia Beach branch was created. Over the years, many splits and mergers have occurred in the YWCA's of Hampton Roads. Throughout their history, the YWCA chapters of Hampton Roads have created many institutions in the community. Camp Owaissa, Camp E.W. Young, and various day camps have provided summer recreation for young girls. The Norfolk YWCA ran a cafeteria on West Freemason for many years. The YWCA has hosted women's shelters including the Phyllis Wheatley House, the Wilkshaw, and undisclosed battered women's shelters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOther YWCA programs have included the Winners Dinners, now known as the Women of Distinction Award, where women of achievement have been recognized, Y-Prep and Y-Teens for young and adolescent girls, Black History Month, the Women in Crisis Program for victims of domestic violence, the Women in Transition Program to help economically disadvantaged women find employment or gain job skills, and Ladies Day Out workshops and fashion shows.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to these, the YWCA of Hampton Roads has held and continues to hold a wide variety of programs for women of all ages and backgrounds. They offer classes, workshops, and training; fashion and talent shows; retreats; conventions; political events, achievement and award dinners, services and shelter for battered and abused women and children; and a variety of youth programs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote written by Special Collections Staff\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The YWCA (Young Women's Christian Association) is the oldest and largest women's membership association. It began in London in 1855, and first came to the U.S. in 1858. Although similar in name, the YWCA has no affiliation with the YMCA. The YWCA was an independent movement that arose out of Women's church groups as a way of making life better for other women. These first YWCA's provided boarding houses, skills training, recreation, and a social environment for single, working women. After World War II, the YWCA's emphasis shifted to the family: mother and children. In 1946, the YWCA adopted an Interracial Charter. Its purpose became the empowerment of women and the elimination of racism.","The YWCA of South Hampton Roads started as housing for working girls in 1893. In 1908, the Phyllis Wheatley Branch of the YWCA of Norfolk began as an association of African American Women. The branch was named after a black woman poet who lived during the time of the Revolutionary War. Another YWCA started in Norfolk in 1911. This chapter had a residence for single women, and offered classes in cooking, stenography, Bible studies, typing, and gymnastics. It also had a cafeteria and a reading room. In 1925, the two branches came together. Then, in the 1950s a Virginia Beach branch was created. Over the years, many splits and mergers have occurred in the YWCA's of Hampton Roads. Throughout their history, the YWCA chapters of Hampton Roads have created many institutions in the community. Camp Owaissa, Camp E.W. Young, and various day camps have provided summer recreation for young girls. The Norfolk YWCA ran a cafeteria on West Freemason for many years. The YWCA has hosted women's shelters including the Phyllis Wheatley House, the Wilkshaw, and undisclosed battered women's shelters.","Other YWCA programs have included the Winners Dinners, now known as the Women of Distinction Award, where women of achievement have been recognized, Y-Prep and Y-Teens for young and adolescent girls, Black History Month, the Women in Crisis Program for victims of domestic violence, the Women in Transition Program to help economically disadvantaged women find employment or gain job skills, and Ladies Day Out workshops and fashion shows.","In addition to these, the YWCA of Hampton Roads has held and continues to hold a wide variety of programs for women of all ages and backgrounds. They offer classes, workshops, and training; fashion and talent shows; retreats; conventions; political events, achievement and award dinners, services and shelter for battered and abused women and children; and a variety of youth programs.","Note written by Special Collections Staff"],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHandling of the scrapbooks may be limited due to the fragile nature of the material.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Physical Access Requirements"],"phystech_tesim":["Handling of the scrapbooks may be limited due to the fragile nature of the material."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], YWCA of Hampton Roads Records, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], YWCA of Hampton Roads Records, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe first accession was processed between 2000 and 2010. The second accession was processed by Mona Farrow, Reading Room Supervisor, in 2017.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The first accession was processed between 2000 and 2010. The second accession was processed by Mona Farrow, Reading Room Supervisor, in 2017."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOcean View, Seaside and Seaview Amusement Park Collection (MG 31) and Virginia Beach Resorts Research Collection (RC 2) contains information about Seaview, the African American resort at the Virginia Beach oceanfront. YWCA material can also be found in the Women's Council for Interracial Cooperation Papers (MG 54).\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCurrent information about the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ywca-shr.org/\"\u003eYWCA of South Hampton Roads\u003c/a\u003e can be found on their website.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Ocean View, Seaside and Seaview Amusement Park Collection (MG 31) and Virginia Beach Resorts Research Collection (RC 2) contains information about Seaview, the African American resort at the Virginia Beach oceanfront. YWCA material can also be found in the Women's Council for Interracial Cooperation Papers (MG 54).Current information about the YWCA of South Hampton Roads can be found on their website."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the records of the Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) of Hampton Roads. Included in the records are the administrative records of the organization, publications, photographs, scrapbooks, artifacts, and blueprints of various property held by the organization.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains the records of the Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) of Hampton Roads. Included in the records are the administrative records of the organization, publications, photographs, scrapbooks, artifacts, and blueprints of various property held by the organization."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_0cf5b104c3e6212e3df520759edeb87a\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe YWCA (Young Women's Christian Association) is the oldest and largest women's membership organization. The YWCA of South Hampton Roads first started as housing for working girls in 1893. Throughout their history, the YWCA chapters of Hampton Roads have advanced their purposes of empowering women and fighting racism by running women's shelters, camps, workshops, and various other programs. The collection consists mainly of photos, scrapbooks, and newspaper clippings, as well as some business and historical records of the organization.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The YWCA (Young Women's Christian Association) is the oldest and largest women's membership organization. The YWCA of South Hampton Roads first started as housing for working girls in 1893. Throughout their history, the YWCA chapters of Hampton Roads have advanced their purposes of empowering women and fighting racism by running women's shelters, camps, workshops, and various other programs. The collection consists mainly of photos, scrapbooks, and newspaper clippings, as well as some business and historical records of the organization."],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Young Women's Christian Association of Hampton Roads (Va.)","Young Women's Christian Association of the U.S.A."],"names_coll_ssim":["Young Women's Christian Association of the U.S.A.","Young Women's Christian Association of Hampton Roads (Va.)"],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Young Women's Christian Association of Hampton Roads (Va.)","Young Women's Christian Association of the U.S.A."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":842,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:33.091Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_238_c02_c03_c04"}},{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_40_c10_c05","type":"Sub-Series","attributes":{"title":"Sub-Series E: Auxiliary Board, 1936/1956","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_40_c10_c05#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_40_c10_c05","ref_ssm":["vino_repositories_5_resources_40_c10_c05"],"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_40_c10_c05","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_40","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_40","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_40_c10","parent_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_40_c10","parent_ssim":["Florence Crittenton Home of Norfolk Records, 1891/1978","Series X: Records of the Board, 1894/1977"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vino_repositories_5_resources_40","vino_repositories_5_resources_40_c10"],"title_filing_ssi":"Sub-Series E: Auxiliary Board","title_ssm":["Sub-Series E: Auxiliary Board"],"title_tesim":["Sub-Series E: Auxiliary Board"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Sub-Series E: Auxiliary Board, 1936/1956"],"text":["Sub-Series E: Auxiliary Board, 1936/1956","Florence Crittenton Home of Norfolk Records, 1891/1978","Series X: Records of the Board, 1894/1977"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Florence Crittenton Home of Norfolk Records, 1891/1978","Series X: Records of the Board, 1894/1977"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Florence Crittenton Home of Norfolk Records, 1891/1978","Series X: Records of the Board, 1894/1977"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1936/1956"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1936-1956"],"level_ssm":["Sub-Series"],"level_ssim":["Sub-series"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":730,"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"collection_ssim":["Florence Crittenton Home of Norfolk Records, 1891/1978"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":2,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to researchers with two exceptions. Boxes 5-12a are permanently closed to the researcher because they contain sensitive employee and personnel records. Secondly, delivery room registers are closed to all patrons except those mentioned in the records because they are health records. Please note that the last names of all mothers and children born at Florence Crittenton Home have been redacted from the records."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"date_range_isim":[1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956],"_nest_path_":"/components#9/components#4","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:36.932Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_40","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_40","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_40","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_40","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_5_resources_40.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archivesguides.lib.odu.edu/repositories/5/resources/40","title_filing_ssi":"Florence Crittenton Home of Norfolk","title_ssm":["Florence Crittenton Home of Norfolk Records"],"title_tesim":["Florence Crittenton Home of Norfolk Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1891-1978, undated","Date acquired: 01/13/1977"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1891-1978, undated"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 01/13/1977"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1891/1978"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Florence Crittenton Home of Norfolk Records, 1891/1978"],"text":["Florence Crittenton Home of Norfolk Records, 1891/1978","MG 13","/repositories/5/resources/40","Florence Crittenton Homes Association--History","National Florence Crittenton Mission","Teenage pregnancy","Unmarried mothers--United States--History","Maternity homes--United States--History","Unmarried mothers--Services for--United States--History","Collection is open to researchers with two exceptions. Boxes 5-12a are permanently closed to the researcher because they contain sensitive employee and personnel records. Secondly, delivery room registers are closed to all patrons except those mentioned in the records because they are health records. Please note that the last names of all mothers and children born at Florence Crittenton Home have been redacted from the records.","The collection is divided into eighteen series: Series I: History, General; Series II: History, Financial; Series III: History, Payroll; Series IV: Admissions and Procedures; Series V: Studies and Reports; Series VI: State Licensing Procedure; Series VII: Office Procedures; Series VIII: Records of the President; Series IX: Records of the Treasurer; Series X: Records of the Board; Series XI: Committees and Supporting Agencies; Series XII: Grants and Consultant Services; Series XIII: Memorials and Testimonials; Series XIV: Closing of the Home; Series XV: Correspondence; Series XVI: Miscellaneous; Series XVII: Scrapbooks and Photographs; and Series XVIII: Memorabilia.","The Florence Crittenton Association of America (FCAA) began in New York City in 1883. Mr. Charles Nelson Crittenton was a wealthy wholesale druggist whose four-year-old daughter, Florence, died in 1882. Six months later, on April 19, 1883, he opened the Florence Night Mission at 29 Bleeker Street as a memorial to her. Intended initially to help the prostitutes of that city escape from that lifestyle, its scope was gradually enlarged to include other women needing help. The name was changed to The Florence Crittenton Mission, and Congress gave its approval when, by a special act in 1893, it passed its articles of incorporation.","The Florence Crittenton Home of Norfolk was certainly among the earliest ones found in this country. In 1891, Mrs. R. H. Jones, the president of the Virginia Women's Christian Temperance Union befriended one unwed mother in Norfolk. This action, in turn, was followed by the establishment of a little two-room house in the Huntersville area, which was later closed when a five-room area was located in the Brambleton area of the city. These two homes were both known as \"The White Anchorage.\"","At the 1893 National W.C.T.U. Conference in Denver, the Norfolk Chapter gave a report of its work and Mr. Crittenton was so impressed that he contributed one thousand dollars to aid their effort. As a result, the name of the Home was changed to Florence Crittenton and it was incorporated as such in Virginia in 1894.","Largely because of Mr. Crittenton's strenuous efforts in support of this new service, many Crittenton Homes were soon opened throughout the country. At first, these homes were also designed as \"Rescue Homes\" but the scope of services, particularly after World War I, gradually shifted to caring for unwed mothers and their children. The only exception to this was the Barrett Home in New York City, which was a residential treatment center for adolescent girls.","The highwater mark of the National Crittenton Program came during the 1960's when there were more than seventy maternity homes, the Barrett Home, and a non-residential service for unwed mothers in Lowell, Massachusetts. Though changing social patterns, customs, and laws led to a gradual decline in the total number of homes during the 1970's, thirty-five homes, including one in Lynchburg, Virginia, remained in operation as late as 1978.","For various reasons, the National Crittenton organization found it necessary to operate as two separate but cooperative agencies. The first, known as The National Florence Crittenton Mission, is primarily concerned with all financial matters affecting the individual homes and the national organization. The Mission coordinates the various levels of its work through \"The Central Extension Committee\" which derives its members from the Mission's ranks and from each of the participating homes. This committee had as its initial task the establishment of the Florence Crittenton Association of America, an agency with the tasks of consultation, setting of standards, doing research for the member agencies, and developing relationships with similar organizations.","In this structure, the member homes operated as cooperative but autonomous entities who, apart from certain qualification standards and financial matters, generally charted their own direction.","While the National Association is staffed by professional social workers and is responsible for coordinating the activities of the various homes, the Mission administers an endowment left by Mr. Crittenton and expanded by Dr. Robert South Barrett, long time president of the Mission. This Mission also pays the largest share of the Association's expenses and keeps in reserve an amount to help the individual homes in building and alteration projects. Any requests for such funds, which were received by the Association, were passed directly to the Mission, whose president is a member of the Association's Executive Board.","Mr. Crittenton died in 1911 and was succeeded as President of the Mission by Dr. Kate Waller Barrett; upon her death in 1925, her son, Dr. Robert South Barrett became president; and he, in turn, was succeeded by his son, Rear Admiral (Ret) John P. Barrett.","In a brief ceremony on June 1, 1977, Mrs. John A. Byrd, President of the Florence Crittenton Board, turned over the deed to the Crittenton property to Old Dominion University. A resolution from that Board was read by Board member Mrs. Irving Salsbury, and a plaque recognizing the gift was unveiled by Mrs. James A. Howard; Mrs. Byrd; Dr. Charles O. Burgess, Vice President for Academic Affairs at ODU; and Mercer Davis, President of the ODU Educational Foundation.","In expressing the University's appreciation for the Crittenton Board's generosity, Dr. Burgess said \"Like the Crittenton Home, Old Dominion University is committed to serving the needs of the area - of this region. ODU's School of Continuing Studies will be located here, allowing continued growth in its programs that are already serving more than 20,000 persons each year in noncredit and off-campus credit programs.\"","The subsequent 80-year history of the Norfolk Home was a rich and varied effort to meet the needs of unwed mothers and their children. The following is a brief chronology of the home:","1891: Founding of \"The White Anchorage\"","1893: The National Convention of W.C.T.U where Mr. Crittenton donated $1,000.00 to the Norfolk effort. Name changed to the \"Florence Crittenton Home\"","1894: Charter obtained in April","1897: Mr. Crittenton visited Norfolk Home","1899: Obstetrical ward added","1909: Clara E. Marshall began working at the Norfolk Home","1911: Day Nursery for working class children established","1920: Norfolk Home moved to 52nd Street (\"Beth—Haven\") and Norfolk Day Nursery began to operate independently","1923: Became member agency of Norfolk Community Fund","May 31, 1940: Clara E. Marshall died","August 1941: Velma Mauk employed as new Superintendent (Here after designated Executive Director)","1945-59: Home consisted of two older houses connected by arcade. There were living facilities for 24 residents and all babies were delivered on the premises.","1950-54: West building condemned; a new and larger house built for residents; staff continued to use remaining old house. The obstetrical ward at the home was closed and new arrangements made with Norfolk General Hospital.","1954: Velma Mauk retired; Genrose Gehri employed as new Executive Director","1955-59: Staff increased and professionalized;  new dietary program established; new fee schedule introduced","1960-64: Nursery Closed; accredited school established in June 1963; registered nurse employed full-time","February 26, 1964: Mrs. Chesley Lamb employed as Executive Director","March 1, 1964: Miss Genrose Gehri retired as Executive Director","October 10, 1965: Mrs. Chesley Lamb resigned, for personal reasons, as Executive Director; Miss Genrose Gehri returned as Temporary Executive Director.","February 1, 1966: Mrs. Elizabeth Collins, ACSW, employed as Executive Director","August 1, 1970: Mrs. Elizabeth Collins, ACSW, retired as Executive Director; Mr. Joseph Charon employed as Executive Director","March 24, 1971: Name of Home changed to Florence Crittenton Services, Inc.","October 1, 1971: Mr. Joseph Charon resigned, for personal reasons, as Executive Director","October 19, 1971: Mr. Gerald Rosenmeier employed as temporary Executive Director","December 15, 1971: New aspect of program initiated as limited intake of non-pregnant girls begun","March 1, 1972: Mr. Milton Susco employed as Executive Director","July 3, 1973: On the eve of closing, Mr. Milton Susco left as Executive Director","December 31, 1973: Florence Crittenton Services, Inc. ceased operation","January 1, 1974: Property rented to Tidewater Regional Detention Facilities to be used as Group Home for Girls","January 22, 1975: Florence Crittenton Board of Directors placed on inactive status","March 19, 1975: Florence Crittenton Services resigned from FCAA","September 17, 1975: Florence Crittenton Services merged with Tidewater Children's Foundation","November 17, 1976: Florence Crittenton Services rescinded merger with Tidewater Children's Foundation","January 6, 1977: Security of the Norfolk Crittenton Home transferred to ODU Records of the Florence Crittenton Services partially transferred to ODU Archives.","September 2007: Norfolk Crittenton Home which housed the Center for Coastal Physical Oceanography-Old Dominion University, was demolished to make way for waterfront homes.","Note written by Special Collections Staff","The records of the Florence Crittenton Home of Norfolk contains the institutional records of the home during their eighty years service to Norfolk. Included in the collection are histories, business and financial records, studies, reports, memorials, testimonials, correspondence, scrapbooks, and newspapers clippings. Delivery room registers of mother and chld are also included but are restricted to only those described in the records (mother or child). The last name of both mother and child are redacted.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","Established in 1894 to respond to the needs of unwed mothers and their children. Contains the institutional records of the home during their eighty years service to Norfolk. Includes histories, business and financial records, studies, reports, memorials, testimonials, correspondence, scrapbooks, and newspapers clippings.","ODU Community Collections","Florence Crittenton Home (Norfolk, Va.)","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Florence Crittenton Home of Norfolk Records, 1891/1978"],"collection_ssim":["Florence Crittenton Home of Norfolk Records, 1891/1978"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MG 13","/repositories/5/resources/40"],"unitid_tesim":["MG 13","/repositories/5/resources/40"],"repository_ssm":["Old Dominion University"],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"creator_ssm":["Florence Crittenton Home (Norfolk, Va.)"],"creator_ssim":["Florence Crittenton Home (Norfolk, Va.)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Florence Crittenton Home (Norfolk, Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Florence Crittenton Home (Norfolk, Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Florence Crittenton Board, Louauna S. Byrd, President","Gift. Accession #A77-3"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Florence Crittenton Homes Association--History","National Florence Crittenton Mission","Teenage pregnancy","Unmarried mothers--United States--History","Maternity homes--United States--History","Unmarried mothers--Services for--United States--History"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Florence Crittenton Homes Association--History","National Florence Crittenton Mission","Teenage pregnancy","Unmarried mothers--United States--History","Maternity homes--United States--History","Unmarried mothers--Services for--United States--History"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["24.60 Linear Feet","39 Hollinger Documents Cases; Seven Hollinger Oversized Boxes; and several oversized posters boxes"],"extent_tesim":["24.60 Linear Feet","39 Hollinger Documents Cases; Seven Hollinger Oversized Boxes; and several oversized posters boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to researchers with two exceptions. Boxes 5-12a are permanently closed to the researcher because they contain sensitive employee and personnel records. Secondly, delivery room registers are closed to all patrons except those mentioned in the records because they are health records. Please note that the last names of all mothers and children born at Florence Crittenton Home have been redacted from the records.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to researchers with two exceptions. Boxes 5-12a are permanently closed to the researcher because they contain sensitive employee and personnel records. Secondly, delivery room registers are closed to all patrons except those mentioned in the records because they are health records. Please note that the last names of all mothers and children born at Florence Crittenton Home have been redacted from the records."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into eighteen series: Series I: History, General; Series II: History, Financial; Series III: History, Payroll; Series IV: Admissions and Procedures; Series V: Studies and Reports; Series VI: State Licensing Procedure; Series VII: Office Procedures; Series VIII: Records of the President; Series IX: Records of the Treasurer; Series X: Records of the Board; Series XI: Committees and Supporting Agencies; Series XII: Grants and Consultant Services; Series XIII: Memorials and Testimonials; Series XIV: Closing of the Home; Series XV: Correspondence; Series XVI: Miscellaneous; Series XVII: Scrapbooks and Photographs; and Series XVIII: Memorabilia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is divided into eighteen series: Series I: History, General; Series II: History, Financial; Series III: History, Payroll; Series IV: Admissions and Procedures; Series V: Studies and Reports; Series VI: State Licensing Procedure; Series VII: Office Procedures; Series VIII: Records of the President; Series IX: Records of the Treasurer; Series X: Records of the Board; Series XI: Committees and Supporting Agencies; Series XII: Grants and Consultant Services; Series XIII: Memorials and Testimonials; Series XIV: Closing of the Home; Series XV: Correspondence; Series XVI: Miscellaneous; Series XVII: Scrapbooks and Photographs; and Series XVIII: Memorabilia."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Florence Crittenton Association of America (FCAA) began in New York City in 1883. Mr. Charles Nelson Crittenton was a wealthy wholesale druggist whose four-year-old daughter, Florence, died in 1882. Six months later, on April 19, 1883, he opened the Florence Night Mission at 29 Bleeker Street as a memorial to her. Intended initially to help the prostitutes of that city escape from that lifestyle, its scope was gradually enlarged to include other women needing help. The name was changed to The Florence Crittenton Mission, and Congress gave its approval when, by a special act in 1893, it passed its articles of incorporation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Florence Crittenton Home of Norfolk was certainly among the earliest ones found in this country. In 1891, Mrs. R. H. Jones, the president of the Virginia Women's Christian Temperance Union befriended one unwed mother in Norfolk. This action, in turn, was followed by the establishment of a little two-room house in the Huntersville area, which was later closed when a five-room area was located in the Brambleton area of the city. These two homes were both known as \"The White Anchorage.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAt the 1893 National W.C.T.U. Conference in Denver, the Norfolk Chapter gave a report of its work and Mr. Crittenton was so impressed that he contributed one thousand dollars to aid their effort. As a result, the name of the Home was changed to Florence Crittenton and it was incorporated as such in Virginia in 1894.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLargely because of Mr. Crittenton's strenuous efforts in support of this new service, many Crittenton Homes were soon opened throughout the country. At first, these homes were also designed as \"Rescue Homes\" but the scope of services, particularly after World War I, gradually shifted to caring for unwed mothers and their children. The only exception to this was the Barrett Home in New York City, which was a residential treatment center for adolescent girls.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe highwater mark of the National Crittenton Program came during the 1960's when there were more than seventy maternity homes, the Barrett Home, and a non-residential service for unwed mothers in Lowell, Massachusetts. Though changing social patterns, customs, and laws led to a gradual decline in the total number of homes during the 1970's, thirty-five homes, including one in Lynchburg, Virginia, remained in operation as late as 1978.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor various reasons, the National Crittenton organization found it necessary to operate as two separate but cooperative agencies. The first, known as The National Florence Crittenton Mission, is primarily concerned with all financial matters affecting the individual homes and the national organization. The Mission coordinates the various levels of its work through \"The Central Extension Committee\" which derives its members from the Mission's ranks and from each of the participating homes. This committee had as its initial task \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003ethe \u003c/emph\u003eestablishment of the Florence Crittenton Association of America, an agency with the tasks of consultation, setting of standards, doing research for the member agencies, and developing relationships with similar organizations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this structure, the member homes operated as cooperative but autonomous entities who, apart from certain qualification standards and financial matters, generally charted their own direction.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhile the National Association is staffed by professional social workers and is responsible for coordinating the activities of the various homes, the Mission administers an endowment left by Mr. Crittenton and expanded by Dr. Robert South Barrett, long time president of the Mission. This Mission also pays the largest share of the Association's expenses and keeps in reserve an amount to help the individual homes in building and alteration projects. Any requests for such funds, which were received by the Association, were passed directly to the Mission, whose president is a member of the Association's Executive Board.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMr. Crittenton died in 1911 and was succeeded as President of the Mission by Dr. Kate Waller Barrett; upon her death in 1925, her son, Dr. Robert South Barrett became president; and he, in turn, was succeeded by his son, Rear Admiral (Ret) John P. Barrett.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn a brief ceremony on June 1, 1977, Mrs. John A. Byrd, President of the Florence Crittenton Board, turned over the deed to the Crittenton property to Old Dominion University. A resolution from that Board was read by Board member Mrs. Irving Salsbury, and a plaque recognizing the gift was unveiled by Mrs. James A. Howard; Mrs. Byrd; Dr. Charles O. Burgess, Vice President for Academic Affairs at ODU; and Mercer Davis, President of the ODU Educational Foundation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn expressing the University's appreciation for the Crittenton Board's generosity, Dr. Burgess said \"Like the Crittenton Home, Old Dominion University is committed to serving the needs of the area - of this region. ODU's School of Continuing Studies will be located here, allowing continued growth in its programs that are already serving more than 20,000 persons each year in noncredit and off-campus credit programs.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe subsequent 80-year history of the Norfolk Home was a rich and varied effort to meet the needs of unwed mothers and their children. The following is a brief chronology of the home:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1891: Founding of \"The White Anchorage\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1893: The National Convention of W.C.T.U where Mr. Crittenton donated $1,000.00 to the Norfolk effort. Name changed to the \"Florence Crittenton Home\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1894: Charter obtained in April\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1897: Mr. Crittenton visited Norfolk Home\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1899: Obstetrical ward added\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1909: Clara E. Marshall began working at the Norfolk Home\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1911: Day Nursery for working class children established\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1920: Norfolk Home moved to 52nd Street (\"Beth—Haven\") and Norfolk Day Nursery began to operate independently\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1923: Became member agency of Norfolk Community Fund\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 31, 1940: Clara E. Marshall died\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 1941: Velma Mauk employed as new Superintendent (Here after designated Executive Director)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1945-59: Home consisted of two older houses connected by arcade. There were living facilities for 24 residents and all babies were delivered on the premises.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1950-54: West building condemned; a new and larger house built for residents; staff continued to use remaining old house. The obstetrical ward at the home was closed and new arrangements made with Norfolk General Hospital.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1954: Velma Mauk retired; Genrose Gehri employed as new Executive Director\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1955-59: Staff increased and professionalized;  new dietary program established; new fee schedule introduced\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1960-64: Nursery Closed; accredited school established in June 1963; registered nurse employed full-time\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 26, 1964: Mrs. Chesley Lamb employed as Executive Director\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 1, 1964: Miss Genrose Gehri retired as Executive Director\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 10, 1965: Mrs. Chesley Lamb resigned, for personal reasons, as Executive Director; Miss Genrose Gehri returned as Temporary Executive Director.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 1, 1966: Mrs. Elizabeth Collins, ACSW, employed as Executive Director\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 1, 1970: Mrs. Elizabeth Collins, ACSW, retired as Executive Director; Mr. Joseph Charon employed as Executive Director\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 24, 1971: Name of Home changed to Florence Crittenton Services, Inc.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 1, 1971: Mr. Joseph Charon resigned, for personal reasons, as Executive Director\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 19, 1971: Mr. Gerald Rosenmeier employed as temporary Executive Director\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 15, 1971: New aspect of program initiated as limited intake of non-pregnant girls begun\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 1, 1972: Mr. Milton Susco employed as Executive Director\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 3, 1973: On the eve of closing, Mr. Milton Susco left as Executive Director\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 31, 1973: Florence Crittenton Services, Inc. ceased operation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 1, 1974: Property rented to Tidewater Regional Detention Facilities to be used as Group Home for Girls\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 22, 1975: Florence Crittenton Board of Directors placed on inactive status\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 19, 1975: Florence Crittenton Services resigned from FCAA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 17, 1975: Florence Crittenton Services merged with Tidewater Children's Foundation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 17, 1976: Florence Crittenton Services rescinded merger with Tidewater Children's Foundation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 6, 1977: Security of the Norfolk Crittenton Home transferred to ODU Records of the Florence Crittenton Services partially transferred to ODU Archives.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 2007: Norfolk Crittenton Home which housed the Center for Coastal Physical Oceanography-Old Dominion University, was demolished to make way for waterfront homes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote written by Special Collections Staff\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Florence Crittenton Association of America (FCAA) began in New York City in 1883. Mr. Charles Nelson Crittenton was a wealthy wholesale druggist whose four-year-old daughter, Florence, died in 1882. Six months later, on April 19, 1883, he opened the Florence Night Mission at 29 Bleeker Street as a memorial to her. Intended initially to help the prostitutes of that city escape from that lifestyle, its scope was gradually enlarged to include other women needing help. The name was changed to The Florence Crittenton Mission, and Congress gave its approval when, by a special act in 1893, it passed its articles of incorporation.","The Florence Crittenton Home of Norfolk was certainly among the earliest ones found in this country. In 1891, Mrs. R. H. Jones, the president of the Virginia Women's Christian Temperance Union befriended one unwed mother in Norfolk. This action, in turn, was followed by the establishment of a little two-room house in the Huntersville area, which was later closed when a five-room area was located in the Brambleton area of the city. These two homes were both known as \"The White Anchorage.\"","At the 1893 National W.C.T.U. Conference in Denver, the Norfolk Chapter gave a report of its work and Mr. Crittenton was so impressed that he contributed one thousand dollars to aid their effort. As a result, the name of the Home was changed to Florence Crittenton and it was incorporated as such in Virginia in 1894.","Largely because of Mr. Crittenton's strenuous efforts in support of this new service, many Crittenton Homes were soon opened throughout the country. At first, these homes were also designed as \"Rescue Homes\" but the scope of services, particularly after World War I, gradually shifted to caring for unwed mothers and their children. The only exception to this was the Barrett Home in New York City, which was a residential treatment center for adolescent girls.","The highwater mark of the National Crittenton Program came during the 1960's when there were more than seventy maternity homes, the Barrett Home, and a non-residential service for unwed mothers in Lowell, Massachusetts. Though changing social patterns, customs, and laws led to a gradual decline in the total number of homes during the 1970's, thirty-five homes, including one in Lynchburg, Virginia, remained in operation as late as 1978.","For various reasons, the National Crittenton organization found it necessary to operate as two separate but cooperative agencies. The first, known as The National Florence Crittenton Mission, is primarily concerned with all financial matters affecting the individual homes and the national organization. The Mission coordinates the various levels of its work through \"The Central Extension Committee\" which derives its members from the Mission's ranks and from each of the participating homes. This committee had as its initial task the establishment of the Florence Crittenton Association of America, an agency with the tasks of consultation, setting of standards, doing research for the member agencies, and developing relationships with similar organizations.","In this structure, the member homes operated as cooperative but autonomous entities who, apart from certain qualification standards and financial matters, generally charted their own direction.","While the National Association is staffed by professional social workers and is responsible for coordinating the activities of the various homes, the Mission administers an endowment left by Mr. Crittenton and expanded by Dr. Robert South Barrett, long time president of the Mission. This Mission also pays the largest share of the Association's expenses and keeps in reserve an amount to help the individual homes in building and alteration projects. Any requests for such funds, which were received by the Association, were passed directly to the Mission, whose president is a member of the Association's Executive Board.","Mr. Crittenton died in 1911 and was succeeded as President of the Mission by Dr. Kate Waller Barrett; upon her death in 1925, her son, Dr. Robert South Barrett became president; and he, in turn, was succeeded by his son, Rear Admiral (Ret) John P. Barrett.","In a brief ceremony on June 1, 1977, Mrs. John A. Byrd, President of the Florence Crittenton Board, turned over the deed to the Crittenton property to Old Dominion University. A resolution from that Board was read by Board member Mrs. Irving Salsbury, and a plaque recognizing the gift was unveiled by Mrs. James A. Howard; Mrs. Byrd; Dr. Charles O. Burgess, Vice President for Academic Affairs at ODU; and Mercer Davis, President of the ODU Educational Foundation.","In expressing the University's appreciation for the Crittenton Board's generosity, Dr. Burgess said \"Like the Crittenton Home, Old Dominion University is committed to serving the needs of the area - of this region. ODU's School of Continuing Studies will be located here, allowing continued growth in its programs that are already serving more than 20,000 persons each year in noncredit and off-campus credit programs.\"","The subsequent 80-year history of the Norfolk Home was a rich and varied effort to meet the needs of unwed mothers and their children. The following is a brief chronology of the home:","1891: Founding of \"The White Anchorage\"","1893: The National Convention of W.C.T.U where Mr. Crittenton donated $1,000.00 to the Norfolk effort. Name changed to the \"Florence Crittenton Home\"","1894: Charter obtained in April","1897: Mr. Crittenton visited Norfolk Home","1899: Obstetrical ward added","1909: Clara E. Marshall began working at the Norfolk Home","1911: Day Nursery for working class children established","1920: Norfolk Home moved to 52nd Street (\"Beth—Haven\") and Norfolk Day Nursery began to operate independently","1923: Became member agency of Norfolk Community Fund","May 31, 1940: Clara E. Marshall died","August 1941: Velma Mauk employed as new Superintendent (Here after designated Executive Director)","1945-59: Home consisted of two older houses connected by arcade. There were living facilities for 24 residents and all babies were delivered on the premises.","1950-54: West building condemned; a new and larger house built for residents; staff continued to use remaining old house. The obstetrical ward at the home was closed and new arrangements made with Norfolk General Hospital.","1954: Velma Mauk retired; Genrose Gehri employed as new Executive Director","1955-59: Staff increased and professionalized;  new dietary program established; new fee schedule introduced","1960-64: Nursery Closed; accredited school established in June 1963; registered nurse employed full-time","February 26, 1964: Mrs. Chesley Lamb employed as Executive Director","March 1, 1964: Miss Genrose Gehri retired as Executive Director","October 10, 1965: Mrs. Chesley Lamb resigned, for personal reasons, as Executive Director; Miss Genrose Gehri returned as Temporary Executive Director.","February 1, 1966: Mrs. Elizabeth Collins, ACSW, employed as Executive Director","August 1, 1970: Mrs. Elizabeth Collins, ACSW, retired as Executive Director; Mr. Joseph Charon employed as Executive Director","March 24, 1971: Name of Home changed to Florence Crittenton Services, Inc.","October 1, 1971: Mr. Joseph Charon resigned, for personal reasons, as Executive Director","October 19, 1971: Mr. Gerald Rosenmeier employed as temporary Executive Director","December 15, 1971: New aspect of program initiated as limited intake of non-pregnant girls begun","March 1, 1972: Mr. Milton Susco employed as Executive Director","July 3, 1973: On the eve of closing, Mr. Milton Susco left as Executive Director","December 31, 1973: Florence Crittenton Services, Inc. ceased operation","January 1, 1974: Property rented to Tidewater Regional Detention Facilities to be used as Group Home for Girls","January 22, 1975: Florence Crittenton Board of Directors placed on inactive status","March 19, 1975: Florence Crittenton Services resigned from FCAA","September 17, 1975: Florence Crittenton Services merged with Tidewater Children's Foundation","November 17, 1976: Florence Crittenton Services rescinded merger with Tidewater Children's Foundation","January 6, 1977: Security of the Norfolk Crittenton Home transferred to ODU Records of the Florence Crittenton Services partially transferred to ODU Archives.","September 2007: Norfolk Crittenton Home which housed the Center for Coastal Physical Oceanography-Old Dominion University, was demolished to make way for waterfront homes.","Note written by Special Collections Staff"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Florence Crittenton Home of Norfolk Records, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Florence Crittenton Home of Norfolk Records, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe records of the Florence Crittenton Home of Norfolk contains the institutional records of the home during their eighty years service to Norfolk. Included in the collection are histories, business and financial records, studies, reports, memorials, testimonials, correspondence, scrapbooks, and newspapers clippings. Delivery room registers of mother and chld are also included but are restricted to only those described in the records (mother or child). The last name of both mother and child are redacted.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The records of the Florence Crittenton Home of Norfolk contains the institutional records of the home during their eighty years service to Norfolk. Included in the collection are histories, business and financial records, studies, reports, memorials, testimonials, correspondence, scrapbooks, and newspapers clippings. Delivery room registers of mother and chld are also included but are restricted to only those described in the records (mother or child). The last name of both mother and child are redacted."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_30dc8dcfbf035ff5e0704fec98a97613\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eEstablished in 1894 to respond to the needs of unwed mothers and their children. Contains the institutional records of the home during their eighty years service to Norfolk. Includes histories, business and financial records, studies, reports, memorials, testimonials, correspondence, scrapbooks, and newspapers clippings.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Established in 1894 to respond to the needs of unwed mothers and their children. Contains the institutional records of the home during their eighty years service to Norfolk. Includes histories, business and financial records, studies, reports, memorials, testimonials, correspondence, scrapbooks, and newspapers clippings."],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Florence Crittenton Home (Norfolk, Va.)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Florence Crittenton Home (Norfolk, Va.)"],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Florence Crittenton Home (Norfolk, Va.)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1229,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:36.932Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_40_c10_c05"}},{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_260_c01_c05","type":"Sub-Series","attributes":{"title":"Sub-Series E: Conferences, 1937/1969","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_260_c01_c05#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains material related to conferences Mr. Cox attended during his time with the Norfolk Redevelopment and Housing Authority. Most of these related to housing, redevelopment, and urban policy. Material dates from 1937 to 1969. Material is arranged alphabetically and then by date. Additional material on conferences may be found in the sub-series on Professional and Affiliated Organizations within the material on the hosting organization.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_260_c01_c05#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_260_c01_c05","ref_ssm":["vino_repositories_5_resources_260_c01_c05"],"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_260_c01_c05","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_260","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_260","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_260_c01","parent_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_260_c01","parent_ssim":["Lawrence M. Cox, Sr. Papers, 1902/2002","Series I: Norfolk Redevelopment and Housing Authority, 1940/1969"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vino_repositories_5_resources_260","vino_repositories_5_resources_260_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"Sub-Series E: Conferences","title_ssm":["Sub-Series E: Conferences"],"title_tesim":["Sub-Series E: Conferences"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Sub-Series E: Conferences, 1937/1969"],"text":["Sub-Series E: Conferences, 1937/1969","Lawrence M. Cox, Sr. Papers, 1902/2002","Series I: Norfolk Redevelopment and Housing Authority, 1940/1969","This sub-series contains material related to conferences Mr. Cox attended during his time with the Norfolk Redevelopment and Housing Authority. Most of these related to housing, redevelopment, and urban policy. Material dates from 1937 to 1969. Material is arranged alphabetically and then by date. Additional material on conferences may be found in the sub-series on Professional and Affiliated Organizations within the material on the hosting organization."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Lawrence M. Cox, Sr. Papers, 1902/2002","Series I: Norfolk Redevelopment and Housing Authority, 1940/1969"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Lawrence M. Cox, Sr. Papers, 1902/2002","Series I: Norfolk Redevelopment and Housing Authority, 1940/1969"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1937/1969"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1937-1969, undated"],"level_ssm":["Sub-Series"],"level_ssim":["Sub-series"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":86,"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"collection_ssim":["Lawrence M. Cox, Sr. Papers, 1902/2002"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":9,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Open to researchers without restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"date_range_isim":[1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains material related to conferences Mr. Cox attended during his time with the Norfolk Redevelopment and Housing Authority. Most of these related to housing, redevelopment, and urban policy. Material dates from 1937 to 1969. Material is arranged alphabetically and then by date. Additional material on conferences may be found in the sub-series on Professional and Affiliated Organizations within the material on the hosting organization.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This sub-series contains material related to conferences Mr. Cox attended during his time with the Norfolk Redevelopment and Housing Authority. Most of these related to housing, redevelopment, and urban policy. Material dates from 1937 to 1969. Material is arranged alphabetically and then by date. Additional material on conferences may be found in the sub-series on Professional and Affiliated Organizations within the material on the hosting organization."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#4","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:33.091Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_260","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_260","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_260","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_260","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_5_resources_260.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archivesguides.lib.odu.edu/repositories/5/resources/260","title_filing_ssi":"Cox, Lawrence Morgan, Sr.","title_ssm":["Lawrence M. Cox, Sr. Papers"],"title_tesim":["Lawrence M. Cox, Sr. Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1902-2002, undated","Date acquired: 09/23/1977"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1902-2002, undated"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 09/23/1977"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1902/2002"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Lawrence M. Cox, Sr. Papers, 1902/2002"],"text":["Lawrence M. Cox, Sr. Papers, 1902/2002","MG 38","/repositories/5/resources/260","Hampton Roads (Va.)--History--20th century","Norfolk (Va.)--History--20th century","Housing--Virginia--Norfolk","Housing--United States","Open to researchers without restrictions.","Additional accession donated by Cox in May 1998 and further accesssions by Marvin W. Lee, Sr. in October 2003 and April, 2009.","The collection is organized into eight series: Series I: Norfolk Redevelopment and Housing Authority; Series II: Housing and Urban Development; Series III: Consulting; Series IV: Personal; Series V: Photographs; Series VI: Maps and Blueprints; Series VII: Artifacts; and Series VII: Multimedia.","Lawrence Morgan Cox, Sr. was born March 12, 1912, in Norfolk, Virginia and he was raised in the Larchmont area of Norfolk. He was the second son of William Roland Cox, Sr. and Maude Belote Cox. He had one brother, William Roland Cox, Jr., and two sisters, Grace and Mary.  In 1942, he married Anne Irving Flippen. They had a son, Lawrence Morgan Cox, Jr. Cox and Flipper divorced in 1950.  In 1951, Cox married Ethel Mae Breeden. Cox had one stepdaughter, Mrs. Diane Fecher of Hilton Head Island, South Carolina.","Cox attended Maury High School in Norfolk from 1927 to 1931. However, Cox enlisted in the United States Navy in June 1929 just before graduating Maury High School in anticipation of attending the Naval Academy. Unfortunately, Cox did not meet the Naval Academy's physical requirements. Until his honorable discharge in December 1930, Cox served in the U.S. Navy as an aviator. After returning to graduate from Maury High School in 1931, and with the assistance of his father, Cox obtained a job loading cement with the Lone Star Cement Company in Washington, D.C.","In 1934, Cox joined the Public Works Administration Housing Division of the U.S. Government as a messenger and statistician. He was promoted in 1937 to Special Assistant to Jacob Crane, Assistant Administrator of the U.S. Housing Authority, and he served in that position until 1940. During his time in Washington, Cox took undergraduate courses in Public Administration and Business Administration at George Washington University.","Cox became Assistant Executive Director of the newly formed Norfolk Housing Authority now known as the Norfolk Redevelopment and Housing Authority in 1940. There was regional resistance to the establishment of the Authority but it was overcome by the support of the U.S. Navy who were short of housing, and by the creation of Merrimac Park set aside for U.S. Navy enlisted men and their families. Cox was named Executive Director of the Norfolk Housing Authority on April 1, 1941.","In 1942, Cox became a Bomb Reconnaissance Agent with the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense. Cox was instrumental in the formation of the Virginia Association of Housing Authorities, and served as its president from 1942-43.  When Cox was selected to head the National Association of Housing and Redevelopment Officials NAHRO in 1948, he became the youngest man in NAHRO history to hold that position. While leading the NAHRO, Cox helped formulate the policies incorporated in the Housing Act of 1949, a landmark document that called for \"a decent home and suitable environment for every American family.\"","During 1949, Cox spent a great deal of time overseas involved in urban planning and rebuilding. He was a member of the American Delegation to the Economic Commission for Europe's International Conference on Building Documentation held in Geneva, Switzerland. He traveled in six European countries on a special study assignment for the State Department and the Housing and Home Finance Agency which dealt with housing and the rebuilding of cities. He also served as a special consultant to the U.S. High Commissioner for Germany and reviewed planning and rebuilding in five German cities. In 1956 and 1957, Cox served the State Department as part of the International Cooperation Administration's study on housing programs in Peru and as a special consultant to Peru's Presidential Commission on Housing and Land Reform. For his service to the nation of Peru, he was designated Knight Commander of the Order of Merit of Peru by President Prado. Cox participated in the International Seminar on Urban Renewal at The Hague, Netherlands in 1958. He also attended the 24th International Congress of Town Planning at Liege, Belgium that same year.","Even while Cox was serving his country internationally, he did not neglect the needs of Norfolk. Cox was the first city official to publicly support a medical school for Norfolk in a 1959 speech to the Norfolk Yacht Club. He reiterated his goal of a medical school for Norfolk during his 1961 speech commemorating the opening of the Medical Tower building, the first of four buildings in the Norfolk Medical Complex. Throughout the 1960's, Cox helped build community support for a medical college in Norfolk, VA. His efforts eventually led to the creation of the Eastern Virginia Medical School EVMS in 1973.","During the 1960s, Mr. Cox lectured extensively at graduate seminars and meetings, both at home and abroad. He addressed the Graduate School of Public and International Affairs at the University of Pittsburgh in 1961. In 1962, he spent a month lecturing at the Graduate School of Ekistics, Athens Technical Institute in Athens, Greece. Also in 1962, Cox lectured at the International School of Social Studies at The Hague, Netherlands. Cox was also a guest speaker at the American Bar Association's 88th Annual Meeting in Miami, Florida 1965, the University of Cincinnati's Graduate School of Architecture 1967, and the University of Virginia's Graduate School of Planning 1968.","Cox continued his role as Executive Director of the Norfolk Redevelopment and Housing Authority NRHA until his appointment as Assistant Secretary for Renewal and Housing Assistance of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development in 1969.  He was appointed by President Richard Nixon, and only served in this position until 1970. During this time, he continued as a consultant to urban development, planning, and housing bodies at the federal, state, and local levels. Cox resigned as Assistant Secretary for Renewal and Housing Assistance in July 1970, amid rumors of misused funds. The allegations were investigated, but Cox was never charged with any wrongdoing.  Cox steadfastly denied that his resignation had anything to do with the rumors.  He cited business concerns for his failing land development corporation in Nansemond County as his reason for leaving.","More legal troubles ensued in 1973 when Cox was brought before a Grand Jury for keeping interests in private enterprises while working for public interests during his time with NRHA. Between 1964 and 1985, Cox was an owner of two successful real estate development firms, one of these being Suffolk's Cedar Point, a residential and golf community. However, the Grand Jury found no criminal misconduct by Cox, but did scold Cox for a breach of ethics.","In 1973, Lawrence Cox was appointed Counselor to the U.S. Conference of Mayors for policy and legislative matters; and from 1976 to 1982, he served on the Board of Commissioners of the Virginia Housing Development Authority. Cox also remained actively involved in real estate development from 1964 until the late 1980s.","In 1990, the Medical College of Hampton Roads and Eastern Virginia Medical School awarded Cox the degree of Doctor of Human Letters, honoris causa. In the early 1990's, he and his wife moved to the Hilton Head Island Retirement Community. After his retirement, Cox had the opportunity to pursue leisure activities. Cox was an avid golfer and a fisherman.  He was interested in history and involved in the Sons of the American Revolution and the Children of the Confederacy. Cox died on November 7, 2002 on Hilton Head Island, South Carolina.","Note written by Special Collections Staff","The collection was further processed by Mona Farrow from January-March 2017.","Mason C. Andrews Papers (MG 62), Paul Caplan Papers (MG 78)","This collection deals primarily with the career of Lawrence M. Cox, Sr. at the Norfolk Redevelopment and Housing Authority; the Department of Housing and Urban Development; (HUD); and as a private real estate counselor.","These papers document his activities in Washington, D.C. in the early 1930's; in Norfolk from 1940 until 1969; with HUD in 1969 and 1970; and from his home in Suffolk, Norfolk, and Hilton Head Island, in later years. Additionally, this collection contains personal information on his family, retirement, and hobbies.","Materials in the archives consist of proposed and enacted legislation at the national and state level; press releases; mailing lists; newsletters; magazines; reports; pamphlets; books; correspondence; newspaper clippings; awards; achievements; resumes; photos; speeches, and various other materials.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","Served as the Executive Director of the Norfolk Redevelopment and Housing Authority (NRHA) from 1941-1969 and, thereafter, as Assistant Secretary for Renewal and Housing Assistance in the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) during Nixon's administration. Collection chiefly consists of the records accumulated during his service with the NRHA and HUD.","ODU Community Collections","Norfolk Redevelopment and Housing Authority","Eastern Virginia Medical School","United States. Dept. of Housing and Urban Development","Cox, Lawrence Morgan, Sr. (1912-2002)","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Lawrence M. Cox, Sr. Papers, 1902/2002"],"collection_ssim":["Lawrence M. 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Lee, Sr. in October 2003 and April, 2009.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals and Additions"],"accruals_tesim":["Additional accession donated by Cox in May 1998 and further accesssions by Marvin W. Lee, Sr. in October 2003 and April, 2009."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into eight series: Series I: Norfolk Redevelopment and Housing Authority; Series II: Housing and Urban Development; Series III: Consulting; Series IV: Personal; Series V: Photographs; Series VI: Maps and Blueprints; Series VII: Artifacts; and Series VII: Multimedia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into eight series: Series I: Norfolk Redevelopment and Housing Authority; Series II: Housing and Urban Development; Series III: Consulting; Series IV: Personal; Series V: Photographs; Series VI: Maps and Blueprints; Series VII: Artifacts; and Series VII: Multimedia."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLawrence Morgan Cox, Sr. was born March 12, 1912, in Norfolk, Virginia and he was raised in the Larchmont area of Norfolk. He was the second son of William Roland Cox, Sr. and Maude Belote Cox. He had one brother, William Roland Cox, Jr., and two sisters, Grace and Mary.  In 1942, he married Anne Irving Flippen. They had a son, Lawrence Morgan Cox, Jr. Cox and Flipper divorced in 1950.  In 1951, Cox married Ethel Mae Breeden. Cox had one stepdaughter, Mrs. Diane Fecher of Hilton Head Island, South Carolina.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCox attended Maury High School in Norfolk from 1927 to 1931. However, Cox enlisted in the United States Navy in June 1929 just before graduating Maury High School in anticipation of attending the Naval Academy. Unfortunately, Cox did not meet the Naval Academy's physical requirements. Until his honorable discharge in December 1930, Cox served in the U.S. Navy as an aviator. After returning to graduate from Maury High School in 1931, and with the assistance of his father, Cox obtained a job loading cement with the Lone Star Cement Company in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1934, Cox joined the Public Works Administration Housing Division of the U.S. Government as a messenger and statistician. He was promoted in 1937 to Special Assistant to Jacob Crane, Assistant Administrator of the U.S. Housing Authority, and he served in that position until 1940. During his time in Washington, Cox took undergraduate courses in Public Administration and Business Administration at George Washington University.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCox became Assistant Executive Director of the newly formed Norfolk Housing Authority now known as the Norfolk Redevelopment and Housing Authority in 1940. There was regional resistance to the establishment of the Authority but it was overcome by the support of the U.S. Navy who were short of housing, and by the creation of Merrimac Park set aside for U.S. Navy enlisted men and their families. Cox was named Executive Director of the Norfolk Housing Authority on April 1, 1941.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1942, Cox became a Bomb Reconnaissance Agent with the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense. Cox was instrumental in the formation of the Virginia Association of Housing Authorities, and served as its president from 1942-43.  When Cox was selected to head the National Association of Housing and Redevelopment Officials NAHRO in 1948, he became the youngest man in NAHRO history to hold that position. While leading the NAHRO, Cox helped formulate the policies incorporated in the Housing Act of 1949, a landmark document that called for \"a decent home and suitable environment for every American family.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring 1949, Cox spent a great deal of time overseas involved in urban planning and rebuilding. He was a member of the American Delegation to the Economic Commission for Europe's International Conference on Building Documentation held in Geneva, Switzerland. He traveled in six European countries on a special study assignment for the State Department and the Housing and Home Finance Agency which dealt with housing and the rebuilding of cities. He also served as a special consultant to the U.S. High Commissioner for Germany and reviewed planning and rebuilding in five German cities. In 1956 and 1957, Cox served the State Department as part of the International Cooperation Administration's study on housing programs in Peru and as a special consultant to Peru's Presidential Commission on Housing and Land Reform. For his service to the nation of Peru, he was designated Knight Commander of the Order of Merit of Peru by President Prado. Cox participated in the International Seminar on Urban Renewal at The Hague, Netherlands in 1958. He also attended the 24th International Congress of Town Planning at Liege, Belgium that same year.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEven while Cox was serving his country internationally, he did not neglect the needs of Norfolk. Cox was the first city official to publicly support a medical school for Norfolk in a 1959 speech to the Norfolk Yacht Club. He reiterated his goal of a medical school for Norfolk during his 1961 speech commemorating the opening of the Medical Tower building, the first of four buildings in the Norfolk Medical Complex. Throughout the 1960's, Cox helped build community support for a medical college in Norfolk, VA. His efforts eventually led to the creation of the Eastern Virginia Medical School EVMS in 1973.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the 1960s, Mr. Cox lectured extensively at graduate seminars and meetings, both at home and abroad. He addressed the Graduate School of Public and International Affairs at the University of Pittsburgh in 1961. In 1962, he spent a month lecturing at the Graduate School of Ekistics, Athens Technical Institute in Athens, Greece. Also in 1962, Cox lectured at the International School of Social Studies at The Hague, Netherlands. Cox was also a guest speaker at the American Bar Association's 88th Annual Meeting in Miami, Florida 1965, the University of Cincinnati's Graduate School of Architecture 1967, and the University of Virginia's Graduate School of Planning 1968.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCox continued his role as Executive Director of the Norfolk Redevelopment and Housing Authority NRHA until his appointment as Assistant Secretary for Renewal and Housing Assistance of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development in 1969.  He was appointed by President Richard Nixon, and only served in this position until 1970. During this time, he continued as a consultant to urban development, planning, and housing bodies at the federal, state, and local levels. Cox resigned as Assistant Secretary for Renewal and Housing Assistance in July 1970, amid rumors of misused funds. The allegations were investigated, but Cox was never charged with any wrongdoing.  Cox steadfastly denied that his resignation had anything to do with the rumors.  He cited business concerns for his failing land development corporation in Nansemond County as his reason for leaving.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMore legal troubles ensued in 1973 when Cox was brought before a Grand Jury for keeping interests in private enterprises while working for public interests during his time with NRHA. Between 1964 and 1985, Cox was an owner of two successful real estate development firms, one of these being Suffolk's Cedar Point, a residential and golf community. However, the Grand Jury found no criminal misconduct by Cox, but did scold Cox for a breach of ethics.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1973, Lawrence Cox was appointed Counselor to the U.S. Conference of Mayors for policy and legislative matters; and from 1976 to 1982, he served on the Board of Commissioners of the Virginia Housing Development Authority. Cox also remained actively involved in real estate development from 1964 until the late 1980s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1990, the Medical College of Hampton Roads and Eastern Virginia Medical School awarded Cox the degree of Doctor of Human Letters, honoris causa. In the early 1990's, he and his wife moved to the Hilton Head Island Retirement Community. After his retirement, Cox had the opportunity to pursue leisure activities. Cox was an avid golfer and a fisherman.  He was interested in history and involved in the Sons of the American Revolution and the Children of the Confederacy. Cox died on November 7, 2002 on Hilton Head Island, South Carolina.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote written by Special Collections Staff\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Lawrence Morgan Cox, Sr. was born March 12, 1912, in Norfolk, Virginia and he was raised in the Larchmont area of Norfolk. He was the second son of William Roland Cox, Sr. and Maude Belote Cox. He had one brother, William Roland Cox, Jr., and two sisters, Grace and Mary.  In 1942, he married Anne Irving Flippen. They had a son, Lawrence Morgan Cox, Jr. Cox and Flipper divorced in 1950.  In 1951, Cox married Ethel Mae Breeden. Cox had one stepdaughter, Mrs. Diane Fecher of Hilton Head Island, South Carolina.","Cox attended Maury High School in Norfolk from 1927 to 1931. However, Cox enlisted in the United States Navy in June 1929 just before graduating Maury High School in anticipation of attending the Naval Academy. Unfortunately, Cox did not meet the Naval Academy's physical requirements. Until his honorable discharge in December 1930, Cox served in the U.S. Navy as an aviator. After returning to graduate from Maury High School in 1931, and with the assistance of his father, Cox obtained a job loading cement with the Lone Star Cement Company in Washington, D.C.","In 1934, Cox joined the Public Works Administration Housing Division of the U.S. Government as a messenger and statistician. He was promoted in 1937 to Special Assistant to Jacob Crane, Assistant Administrator of the U.S. Housing Authority, and he served in that position until 1940. During his time in Washington, Cox took undergraduate courses in Public Administration and Business Administration at George Washington University.","Cox became Assistant Executive Director of the newly formed Norfolk Housing Authority now known as the Norfolk Redevelopment and Housing Authority in 1940. There was regional resistance to the establishment of the Authority but it was overcome by the support of the U.S. Navy who were short of housing, and by the creation of Merrimac Park set aside for U.S. Navy enlisted men and their families. Cox was named Executive Director of the Norfolk Housing Authority on April 1, 1941.","In 1942, Cox became a Bomb Reconnaissance Agent with the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense. Cox was instrumental in the formation of the Virginia Association of Housing Authorities, and served as its president from 1942-43.  When Cox was selected to head the National Association of Housing and Redevelopment Officials NAHRO in 1948, he became the youngest man in NAHRO history to hold that position. While leading the NAHRO, Cox helped formulate the policies incorporated in the Housing Act of 1949, a landmark document that called for \"a decent home and suitable environment for every American family.\"","During 1949, Cox spent a great deal of time overseas involved in urban planning and rebuilding. He was a member of the American Delegation to the Economic Commission for Europe's International Conference on Building Documentation held in Geneva, Switzerland. He traveled in six European countries on a special study assignment for the State Department and the Housing and Home Finance Agency which dealt with housing and the rebuilding of cities. He also served as a special consultant to the U.S. High Commissioner for Germany and reviewed planning and rebuilding in five German cities. In 1956 and 1957, Cox served the State Department as part of the International Cooperation Administration's study on housing programs in Peru and as a special consultant to Peru's Presidential Commission on Housing and Land Reform. For his service to the nation of Peru, he was designated Knight Commander of the Order of Merit of Peru by President Prado. Cox participated in the International Seminar on Urban Renewal at The Hague, Netherlands in 1958. He also attended the 24th International Congress of Town Planning at Liege, Belgium that same year.","Even while Cox was serving his country internationally, he did not neglect the needs of Norfolk. Cox was the first city official to publicly support a medical school for Norfolk in a 1959 speech to the Norfolk Yacht Club. He reiterated his goal of a medical school for Norfolk during his 1961 speech commemorating the opening of the Medical Tower building, the first of four buildings in the Norfolk Medical Complex. Throughout the 1960's, Cox helped build community support for a medical college in Norfolk, VA. His efforts eventually led to the creation of the Eastern Virginia Medical School EVMS in 1973.","During the 1960s, Mr. Cox lectured extensively at graduate seminars and meetings, both at home and abroad. He addressed the Graduate School of Public and International Affairs at the University of Pittsburgh in 1961. In 1962, he spent a month lecturing at the Graduate School of Ekistics, Athens Technical Institute in Athens, Greece. Also in 1962, Cox lectured at the International School of Social Studies at The Hague, Netherlands. Cox was also a guest speaker at the American Bar Association's 88th Annual Meeting in Miami, Florida 1965, the University of Cincinnati's Graduate School of Architecture 1967, and the University of Virginia's Graduate School of Planning 1968.","Cox continued his role as Executive Director of the Norfolk Redevelopment and Housing Authority NRHA until his appointment as Assistant Secretary for Renewal and Housing Assistance of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development in 1969.  He was appointed by President Richard Nixon, and only served in this position until 1970. During this time, he continued as a consultant to urban development, planning, and housing bodies at the federal, state, and local levels. Cox resigned as Assistant Secretary for Renewal and Housing Assistance in July 1970, amid rumors of misused funds. The allegations were investigated, but Cox was never charged with any wrongdoing.  Cox steadfastly denied that his resignation had anything to do with the rumors.  He cited business concerns for his failing land development corporation in Nansemond County as his reason for leaving.","More legal troubles ensued in 1973 when Cox was brought before a Grand Jury for keeping interests in private enterprises while working for public interests during his time with NRHA. Between 1964 and 1985, Cox was an owner of two successful real estate development firms, one of these being Suffolk's Cedar Point, a residential and golf community. However, the Grand Jury found no criminal misconduct by Cox, but did scold Cox for a breach of ethics.","In 1973, Lawrence Cox was appointed Counselor to the U.S. Conference of Mayors for policy and legislative matters; and from 1976 to 1982, he served on the Board of Commissioners of the Virginia Housing Development Authority. Cox also remained actively involved in real estate development from 1964 until the late 1980s.","In 1990, the Medical College of Hampton Roads and Eastern Virginia Medical School awarded Cox the degree of Doctor of Human Letters, honoris causa. In the early 1990's, he and his wife moved to the Hilton Head Island Retirement Community. After his retirement, Cox had the opportunity to pursue leisure activities. Cox was an avid golfer and a fisherman.  He was interested in history and involved in the Sons of the American Revolution and the Children of the Confederacy. Cox died on November 7, 2002 on Hilton Head Island, South Carolina.","Note written by Special Collections Staff"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Lawrence M. Cox, Sr. Papers., Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Lawrence M. Cox, Sr. Papers., Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection was further processed by Mona Farrow from January-March 2017.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The collection was further processed by Mona Farrow from January-March 2017."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMason C. Andrews Papers (MG 62), Paul Caplan Papers (MG 78)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Mason C. Andrews Papers (MG 62), Paul Caplan Papers (MG 78)"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection deals primarily with the career of Lawrence M. Cox, Sr. at the Norfolk Redevelopment and Housing Authority; the Department of Housing and Urban Development; (HUD); and as a private real estate counselor.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese papers document his activities in Washington, D.C. in the early 1930's; in Norfolk from 1940 until 1969; with HUD in 1969 and 1970; and from his home in Suffolk, Norfolk, and Hilton Head Island, in later years. Additionally, this collection contains personal information on his family, retirement, and hobbies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials in the archives consist of proposed and enacted legislation at the national and state level; press releases; mailing lists; newsletters; magazines; reports; pamphlets; books; correspondence; newspaper clippings; awards; achievements; resumes; photos; speeches, and various other materials.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection deals primarily with the career of Lawrence M. Cox, Sr. at the Norfolk Redevelopment and Housing Authority; the Department of Housing and Urban Development; (HUD); and as a private real estate counselor.","These papers document his activities in Washington, D.C. in the early 1930's; in Norfolk from 1940 until 1969; with HUD in 1969 and 1970; and from his home in Suffolk, Norfolk, and Hilton Head Island, in later years. Additionally, this collection contains personal information on his family, retirement, and hobbies.","Materials in the archives consist of proposed and enacted legislation at the national and state level; press releases; mailing lists; newsletters; magazines; reports; pamphlets; books; correspondence; newspaper clippings; awards; achievements; resumes; photos; speeches, and various other materials."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_90aede5b87e629e179a2d019030ee11a\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eServed as the Executive Director of the Norfolk Redevelopment and Housing Authority (NRHA) from 1941-1969 and, thereafter, as Assistant Secretary for Renewal and Housing Assistance in the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) during Nixon's administration. Collection chiefly consists of the records accumulated during his service with the NRHA and HUD.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Served as the Executive Director of the Norfolk Redevelopment and Housing Authority (NRHA) from 1941-1969 and, thereafter, as Assistant Secretary for Renewal and Housing Assistance in the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) during Nixon's administration. Collection chiefly consists of the records accumulated during his service with the NRHA and HUD."],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Norfolk Redevelopment and Housing Authority","Eastern Virginia Medical School","United States. Dept. of Housing and Urban Development"],"names_coll_ssim":["Norfolk Redevelopment and Housing Authority","Eastern Virginia Medical School","United States. Dept. of Housing and Urban Development","Cox, Lawrence Morgan, Sr. (1912-2002)"],"persname_ssim":["Cox, Lawrence Morgan, Sr. (1912-2002)"],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Norfolk Redevelopment and Housing Authority","Eastern Virginia Medical School","United States. Dept. of Housing and Urban Development","Cox, Lawrence Morgan, Sr. (1912-2002)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2881,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:33.091Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_260_c01_c05"}},{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_103_c01_c05","type":"Sub-Series","attributes":{"title":"Sub-Series E: Legal Practice, 1920/1974","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_103_c01_c05#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_103_c01_c05","ref_ssm":["vino_repositories_5_resources_103_c01_c05"],"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_103_c01_c05","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_103","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_103","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_103_c01","parent_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_103_c01","parent_ssim":["Benjamin A. Banks Papers, 1855/1974","Series I: Personal Papers, 1820/1974"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vino_repositories_5_resources_103","vino_repositories_5_resources_103_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"Sub-Series E: Legal Practice","title_ssm":["Sub-Series E: Legal Practice"],"title_tesim":["Sub-Series E: Legal Practice"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Sub-Series E: Legal Practice, 1920/1974"],"text":["Sub-Series E: Legal Practice, 1920/1974","Benjamin A. Banks Papers, 1855/1974","Series I: Personal Papers, 1820/1974"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Benjamin A. Banks Papers, 1855/1974","Series I: Personal Papers, 1820/1974"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Benjamin A. Banks Papers, 1855/1974","Series I: Personal Papers, 1820/1974"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1920/1974"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1920-1974, undated"],"level_ssm":["Sub-Series"],"level_ssim":["Sub-series"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":48,"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"collection_ssim":["Benjamin A. Banks Papers, 1855/1974"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":1,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open to researchers without restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"date_range_isim":[1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#4","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:21.092Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_103","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_103","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_103","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_103","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_5_resources_103.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archivesguides.lib.odu.edu/repositories/5/resources/103","title_filing_ssi":"Banks, Benjamin A.","title_ssm":["Benjamin A. Banks Papers"],"title_tesim":["Benjamin A. Banks Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1855-1974","Date acquired: 05/18/1976"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1855-1974"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 05/18/1976"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1855/1974"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Benjamin A. Banks Papers, 1855/1974"],"text":["Benjamin A. Banks Papers, 1855/1974","MG 6","/repositories/5/resources/103","Hampton Roads (Va.)--History--20th century","Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century","Legislators--Virginia--Hampton Roads","City council members--Virginia--Norfolk","Lawyers--Virginia--Norfolk","Publishers and publishing","Virginia--Politics and government--1865-1950","The collection is open to researchers without restrictions.","The materials are arranged chronologically and are organized into six series: Series I: Personal Papers; Series II: Political Papers; Series III: Scrapbooks; Series IV: Photographs; Series V: Books; and Series VI: Memorabilia.","Benjamin A. Banks (original family name Bonk) was born, according to his own testimony, on May 18, 1884, in Baltimore, Maryland. Soon after his father's death his family moved to Norfolk, Virginia, where they had relatives living. Banks received his only formal education in Norfolk's public schools. He then studied law on his own and was admitted to the Virginia Bar in November 1909. He continued to practice law until his death on April 27, 1974.","From 1908 through 1913, Banks served as editor and publisher of The Galaxy, a literary magazine which he hoped would enjoy critical and financial success not only in Norfolk but throughout the South. His colleague in this unsuccessful effort was local poet George Viett, who remained Banks' close friend until his death in 1943. Banks' first forays into the political arena in Norfolk were quite successful. He served on the Norfolk Board of Alderman from 1908 to 1911 at which point he resigned to take up the seat he had recently won in the Virginia House of Delegates. Banks did not run for reelection however, and all his subsequent attempts to return to public office: Virginia State Senate (1923); Commonwealth's Attorney for Norfolk (1925); House of Delegates (1933, 1937) ended in defeat. Nonetheless, he played an active role in Norfolk's Democratic politics from the 1900's through the 1940's. He participated in most local election campaigns and was frequently called on to make radio speeches on behalf of the candidates. For example, he successfully supported Norman Hamilton against Colgate Darden for Congress in 1936 and then aided Darden to defeat Hamilton in 1938. Banks was elected Norfolk chairman of the Virginia Liberal League in 1918 and, in 1937, he helped found the Citizen's Democratic League, a group that supported candidates against the dominant local Democratic organization, with only limited success, until its demise in the early 1940's. Banks was also an active campaigner for Democratic presidential candidates from Woodrow Wilson to George McGovern. He was particularly active in the Roosevelt clubs that developed in the 1930's.","Banks was a prominent member of the Norfolk Jewish community and was especially interested in promoting better understanding among Christians and Jews. He worked toward this goal in many letters written to local newspapers, especially in his annual Christmas \"epistles.\" His numerous letters to the editors of the leading Norfolk and Richmond newspapers dealt with many topics, more often with political issues - local, state, and national. Their range-from Prohibition and the Ku Klux Klan to Vietnam and Watergate - symbolize the length of his concerns with political issues. Bank's letters also won him plaudits from many members of the Tidewater community and from political figures throughout the entire Commonwealth of Virginia.","Note written by James F. Walsh","The papers of Benjamin Banks include letters to the editor, speeches, and literary materials. Political papers span Banks' political career (1908-1913) and his continuing involvement in political issues through the 1940's. Also included in the collection are scrapbooks of newspaper clippings, photographs, memorabilia, and Manuals of the Senate and House of Delegates of Virginia.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","Lawyer and prominent member of the Norfolk Jewish community. Served on the Norfolk Board of Aldermen (1908-1911) and in the Virginia House of Delegates (1911-1913). Active in local, state and national politics. Includes personal and political correspondence, scrapbooks, letters to the editor, and photographs.","ODU Community Collections","Virginia. General Assembly. House of Delegates","Virginia. General Assembly","Banks, Benjamin A. (1884-1974)","English\n      Yiddish"],"collection_title_tesim":["Benjamin A. Banks Papers, 1855/1974"],"collection_ssim":["Benjamin A. 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Banks (original family name Bonk) was born, according to his own testimony, on May 18, 1884, in Baltimore, Maryland. Soon after his father's death his family moved to Norfolk, Virginia, where they had relatives living. Banks received his only formal education in Norfolk's public schools. He then studied law on his own and was admitted to the Virginia Bar in November 1909. He continued to practice law until his death on April 27, 1974.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrom 1908 through 1913, Banks served as editor and publisher of The Galaxy, a literary magazine which he hoped would enjoy critical and financial success not only in Norfolk but throughout the South. His colleague in this unsuccessful effort was local poet George Viett, who remained Banks' close friend until his death in 1943. Banks' first forays into the political arena in Norfolk were quite successful. He served on the Norfolk Board of Alderman from 1908 to 1911 at which point he resigned to take up the seat he had recently won in the Virginia House of Delegates. Banks did not run for reelection however, and all his subsequent attempts to return to public office: Virginia State Senate (1923); Commonwealth's Attorney for Norfolk (1925); House of Delegates (1933, 1937) ended in defeat. Nonetheless, he played an active role in Norfolk's Democratic politics from the 1900's through the 1940's. He participated in most local election campaigns and was frequently called on to make radio speeches on behalf of the candidates. For example, he successfully supported Norman Hamilton against Colgate Darden for Congress in 1936 and then aided Darden to defeat Hamilton in 1938. Banks was elected Norfolk chairman of the Virginia Liberal League in 1918 and, in 1937, he helped found the Citizen's Democratic League, a group that supported candidates against the dominant local Democratic organization, with only limited success, until its demise in the early 1940's. Banks was also an active campaigner for Democratic presidential candidates from Woodrow Wilson to George McGovern. He was particularly active in the Roosevelt clubs that developed in the 1930's.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBanks was a prominent member of the Norfolk Jewish community and was especially interested in promoting better understanding among Christians and Jews. He worked toward this goal in many letters written to local newspapers, especially in his annual Christmas \"epistles.\" His numerous letters to the editors of the leading Norfolk and Richmond newspapers dealt with many topics, more often with political issues - local, state, and national. Their range-from Prohibition and the Ku Klux Klan to Vietnam and Watergate - symbolize the length of his concerns with political issues. Bank's letters also won him plaudits from many members of the Tidewater community and from political figures throughout the entire Commonwealth of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote written by James F. Walsh\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Benjamin A. Banks (original family name Bonk) was born, according to his own testimony, on May 18, 1884, in Baltimore, Maryland. Soon after his father's death his family moved to Norfolk, Virginia, where they had relatives living. Banks received his only formal education in Norfolk's public schools. He then studied law on his own and was admitted to the Virginia Bar in November 1909. He continued to practice law until his death on April 27, 1974.","From 1908 through 1913, Banks served as editor and publisher of The Galaxy, a literary magazine which he hoped would enjoy critical and financial success not only in Norfolk but throughout the South. His colleague in this unsuccessful effort was local poet George Viett, who remained Banks' close friend until his death in 1943. Banks' first forays into the political arena in Norfolk were quite successful. He served on the Norfolk Board of Alderman from 1908 to 1911 at which point he resigned to take up the seat he had recently won in the Virginia House of Delegates. Banks did not run for reelection however, and all his subsequent attempts to return to public office: Virginia State Senate (1923); Commonwealth's Attorney for Norfolk (1925); House of Delegates (1933, 1937) ended in defeat. Nonetheless, he played an active role in Norfolk's Democratic politics from the 1900's through the 1940's. He participated in most local election campaigns and was frequently called on to make radio speeches on behalf of the candidates. For example, he successfully supported Norman Hamilton against Colgate Darden for Congress in 1936 and then aided Darden to defeat Hamilton in 1938. Banks was elected Norfolk chairman of the Virginia Liberal League in 1918 and, in 1937, he helped found the Citizen's Democratic League, a group that supported candidates against the dominant local Democratic organization, with only limited success, until its demise in the early 1940's. Banks was also an active campaigner for Democratic presidential candidates from Woodrow Wilson to George McGovern. He was particularly active in the Roosevelt clubs that developed in the 1930's.","Banks was a prominent member of the Norfolk Jewish community and was especially interested in promoting better understanding among Christians and Jews. He worked toward this goal in many letters written to local newspapers, especially in his annual Christmas \"epistles.\" His numerous letters to the editors of the leading Norfolk and Richmond newspapers dealt with many topics, more often with political issues - local, state, and national. Their range-from Prohibition and the Ku Klux Klan to Vietnam and Watergate - symbolize the length of his concerns with political issues. Bank's letters also won him plaudits from many members of the Tidewater community and from political figures throughout the entire Commonwealth of Virginia.","Note written by James F. Walsh"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers of Benjamin Banks include letters to the editor, speeches, and literary materials. Political papers span Banks' political career (1908-1913) and his continuing involvement in political issues through the 1940's. Also included in the collection are scrapbooks of newspaper clippings, photographs, memorabilia, and Manuals of the Senate and House of Delegates of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The papers of Benjamin Banks include letters to the editor, speeches, and literary materials. Political papers span Banks' political career (1908-1913) and his continuing involvement in political issues through the 1940's. Also included in the collection are scrapbooks of newspaper clippings, photographs, memorabilia, and Manuals of the Senate and House of Delegates of Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_db8b6bbda8dc93780c6c66436b6855d9\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eLawyer and prominent member of the Norfolk Jewish community. Served on the Norfolk Board of Aldermen (1908-1911) and in the Virginia House of Delegates (1911-1913). 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