{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1935\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=File\u0026page=5","prev":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1935\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=File\u0026page=4","next":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1935\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=File\u0026page=6","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1935\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=File\u0026page=1950"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":5,"next_page":6,"prev_page":4,"total_pages":1950,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":40,"total_count":19498,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c07_c02_c07","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"1928-1935 Girl Scout Uniforms (5)","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c07_c02_c07#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c07_c02_c07","ref_ssm":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c07_c02_c07"],"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c07_c02_c07","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c07_c02","parent_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c07_c02","parent_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_600","vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c07","vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c07_c02"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_600","vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c07","vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c07_c02"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records","Series 7: Textiles and Uniforms","7.2 Uniforms \u0026 Textiles"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records","Series 7: Textiles and Uniforms","7.2 Uniforms \u0026 Textiles"],"text":["Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records","Series 7: Textiles and Uniforms","7.2 Uniforms \u0026 Textiles","1928-1935 Girl Scout Uniforms (5)","box 91"],"title_filing_ssi":"1928-1935 Girl Scout Uniforms (5)","title_ssm":["1928-1935 Girl Scout Uniforms (5)"],"title_tesim":["1928-1935 Girl Scout Uniforms (5)"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["circa 1928-1935"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1928/1935"],"normalized_title_ssm":["1928-1935 Girl Scout Uniforms (5)"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":1335,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"date_range_isim":[1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935],"containers_ssim":["box 91"],"_nest_path_":"/components#6/components#1/components#6","timestamp":"2026-05-21T04:37:44.566Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_600.xml","title_ssm":["Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records"],"title_tesim":["Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1910-2012"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1910-2012"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 400","/repositories/5/resources/600"],"text":["M 400","/repositories/5/resources/600","Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records","The collection is open for research.","The collection has been arranged into nine series. Further information on the series, their contents and organization can be found in the Scope and Content note.","Series 1: Council and Administrative Materials \n Subseries:\n 1.1 Policies, Procedures, and Administrative Documents  1.2 Reports 1.3 Meeting Materials and Minutes 1.4 Financial 1.5 United Way of Greater Richmond 1.6 Correspondence and Printed Administrative Materials 1.7 History 1.8 Administrator's Materials 1.9 Other Councils","\nSeries 2: Camps\n Subseries:\t\n 2.1 Camp Administration Materials 2.2 General Camp Materials 2.3 Camp Materials \nSeries 3: Troop Records and Related Materials","Series 4: Programming and Events\n Subseries:\n 4.1 Anniversary Materials  4.2 Regional Conferences  4.3 National Conferences and Conventions  4.4 General Event Programs and Related Materials  \nSeries 5: Awards, Recognitions, and Related Materials","Series 6: Photographs, Slides, and A/V\n Subseries:\n 6.1 Photographs and Photograph Albums  6.2 Slides  6.3 Scrapbooks  6.4 Audio-Visual \n \nSeries 7: Textiles and Related Materials\n Subseries:\n 7.1 Textile and Uniform Information and Records  7.2 Uniforms and Textiles  \t\nSeries 8: Artifacts and Ephemera\nSubseries: \n 8.1 Artifacts 8.2Ephemera","Series 9: Printed Materials","The Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia Council began in 1963 following a merger between the Girl Scouts of Richmond and the Girl Scouts of Southside Virginia councils to provide more extensive services to Scouts in central Virginia. However, neither this council nor the two preceding it was the start of Girl Scouting in the area. There has been active Girl Scouting in Richmond prior to the official establishment of a council, though few records of the earliest days remain. Using Boy Scout manuals and enlisting the guidance of the director of the Richmond Boy Scouts, area girls recruited adult leaders and began informal scouting groups. In November 1913, the first official Girl Scout troop in Virginia, Pansy Troop Number 1, was formed in Highland Springs. Sponsored by the Women's Study Club for Right Living of Highland Springs, the troop was founded by Mrs. Kate G. Read and Mrs. Marion T. Read. This troop eventually split into two: Pansy Troop no. 1 and Pansy Troop no. 2, due to demand from local girls for membership.","The Girl Scouts of Richmond Council was formally organized on April 12, 1921 when the first Council Meeting was held at the Jefferson Hotel with 35 adult members, 11 troops, and 75 girls. The council received its official charter on May 10 of that year as the second chartered council in Virginia. Because of the Highland Springs troop's formation in 1913 and their inclusion in the Richmond Council, 1913 is commonly used for the date of inception for the Richmond Girl Scouts. In 1928, under the leadership of Commissioner Ruth Robertson McGuire, the Richmond Council was incorporated by the Girl Scouts of the United States of America.\nInitially, the Girl Scouts of Richmond was a racially exclusive organization, open only to white girls and women. Black Scouting in Richmond did not begin until 1932, when Troop 34, the first African American Girl Scout troop south of the Potomac River, was established. Mrs. Lena B. Watson of Virginia Union University (VUU) was instrumental in the group's formation  when she approached the Richmond council for permission to form a Black troop. Some council members  were supportive, but the council as a whole ultimately refused to consider it. The National Girl Scouting Headquarters became involved, forcing the Richmond council to allow the troop to form. In June 1932, the first Black troop formed at Hartshorn Hall at VUU with high school teacher Lavinia Banks as their leader.\nWhile Scouting in Richmond was developing, so too was Scouting in the southern part of Virginia. Hopewell formed its first troop in 1917, and many other troops in rural, semi-rural, and smaller urban areas followed. By 1942, the Petersburg Council organized, and the Hopewell Council formed in 1956, bringing many of the lone rural troops under the umbrella of a council. In 1958, the Hopewell Council merged with the Petersburg Council to form the Southside Council, bringing all troops in Southside Virginia Council services and support.","In response to rethinking the organization of Scouting in Virginia, the Richmond Council merged with the Southside Council to form the Commonwealth Council or the Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia in 1962. During this time, troop integration became a reality for Virginia Girl Scouts. Integration began in 1963 with the Fort Lee troop. Black Scouts were allowed to participate at Camp Holly Dell for the first time, and by 1968 segregated troops were no more. \nOver the years, the councils that became the Commonwealth Council have provided programs and opportunities for girls to explore, learn, and build character through STEM, environmental stewardship, financial literacy, camping events, homemaking, and first aid. Citizenship was integral to Scouting from its inception. During World War I, Scouts entertained military troops at Fort Lee, and visited hospitals in morale-boosting calls. At least one scouting troop was so beloved for their service, that they were deemed honorary members of one of the units stationed at Fort Lee. In the Second World War, Scouts led scrap drives and defense preparedness activities. In addition to citizenship, Scouts raised awareness as well as money for their organization. In the earliest years of Scouting in Richmond, Scouts solicited donations by going door-to-door or having booths at fairs. In 1925, the Richmond Council became a member of the Community Chest, and could focus on other ways to fundraise. One successful fundraiser occurred when the troops brought John Philip Sousa and his band to Richmond, which raised a large amount of money for the organization and allowed the expansion of programs for the girls. The first cookie sale was in 1936, and approximately 11,694 pounds of cookies were sold, which allowed for expanded services, camping activities, and improved camping facilities. The annual event has been popular ever since, and continues to raise money for troop activities and support into the present day.","Camps have always been an important part of Girl Scouting. In the earliest years of the Richmond Council, white Girl Scouts used the Boy Scout camps for a few weeks every summer, but it soon became apparent that the girls needed their own camps. Eventually, the Richmond Council settled on a property in Bon Air, VA, that became Camp Pocahontas in 1928. Day Camps, held in conjunction with the YWCA, began in 1932.  Camp Pinoaka for Black Girl Scouts in Pocahontas State Park followed in 1936, and the Petersburg Council purchased Camp Holly Dell in Chesterfield in 1951. All three camps were eventually sold, and resources put into two other camps- Camp Kittamaqund, established in 1964 in the Northern Neck, and Camp Pamunkey Ridge in Hanover County. Smaller sleep-away camps, as well as day camps, were also scattered across the tri-city area and the state.","As of 2021, the Commonwealth Council, or the Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia, is one of four councils in the state and serves over 17,500 girls and women in central Virginia, stretching from the cities of Emporia to Fredericksburg, with its headquarters in the greater Richmond area. It is governed by a Board of Directors, which is elected by delegates from the council membership. The Board is responsible for establishing policies, approving budgets, and setting the direction for the Council. The board consists of a Chair, Vice-Chair, Secretary, Treasurer, Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Members-at-Large, and two girl board members. The CEO and girl members are ex-officio, non-voting members. All serve two-year terms, and may not serve more than three consecutive terms, though the Chair is eligible to serve an additional three successive terms in another position. The Board conducts its business as the entire unit and in smaller committees, such as the Executive Committee, Finance Committee, Membership, and Program Committees. An Annual Meeting of the Board is held, and the Board continues to meet throughout the year, as do committees, as needed.","This collection contains many different formats. Negatives will need a scanner or light box to be properly accessed. Video formats include 35 and 78mm film, BetaCam, VHS, and U-Matic video and will need the proper video players to access them. CDs and DVDs, as well as audio cassette, reel-to-reel tape, 78 and 45 rpm records, and mini-cassette are included for audio formats.","2022: The collection was minimally processed prior to 2014. Beginning in 2020 and finishing in 2022, the collection was fully processe. This included consolidating materials, removing duplicates, deaccessioning widely-available publications, and processing the two accessions into one collection.","The Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia (GSCV) records are composed of documents, correspondence, photographs, audio-visual materials, textiles, and artifacts that chronicle the evolution of Girl Scouting in the greater Richmond, Virginia area and the creation of the Commonwealth Council. The collection ranges in date from approximately 1913 through 2012, with the bulk of the materials falling within 1924-2005.  The collection has been arranged into nine series.","Series 1: Council and Administrative Materials","Materials related to the running and administration of the GSCV are located in this series. These items include policies and procedures, financial records, GSCV and Girl Scouting history in VA, and correspondence. This series also contains policies and procedures as outlined by both the Girl Scouts of the USA and GSCV and its preceding entities.\nSeries 1 comprises nine subseries.","1.1 Policies, Procedures, and Administrative Documents.","1.2 Reports: \nSeries 1.2 contains reports written by, about, or for the Richmond/ Commonwealth Council of VA Girl Scouts. They are arranged by author type and chronologically therein. Self-reports are first, followed by National Girl Scout reports, and reports about but not by Girl Scout entities are last.","1.3 Meeting Materials and Minutes: \nMaterials pertaining to meetings are kept with their respective meetings. This includes notes, minutes, correspondence, and other meeting items. Additionally, information on the formation of Black troops in Richmond can be found in the minutes starting in 1931. These materials are arranged by Council/Board/Annual Meetings, which may have committee materials included in chronological order, followed by solo committee materials, arranged alphabetically and then chronologically.","1.4 Financial: \nIncludes financial records and audits, both for the Council, as well as local troops. Series 1.4 is arranged chronologically.","1.5 United Way of Greater Richmond.","1.6 Correspondence and Printed Administrative Materials.","1.7 History: \nMany materials relate to the history of Black Scouting in Richmond, the earliest records of Girl Scouting in Richmond, general history, and the records of the councils that preceded the Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia.","1.8 Administrator's Materials: \nThese materials contain the individual correspondence and effects of administrators in their work as scouts or representatives of the GSCV.","1.9 Other Councils: \nMaterials from Councils outside of GSCV and its preceding councils are included here.","Series 2: Camps","\nMost materials relating to camps run by GSVA are maintained in this series. Items like photographs and scrapbooks relating to camping or specific camps are listed in their respective subseries, but housed with other photographs and scrapbooks. Slides, books, as well as photographs that may pertain to a camp, but are not identified as such may be listed or found in Series 6: A/V or in Series 9: Printed.","The Series has been broken into nine subseries, most of which pertain to individual camps.","2.1 Camp Administration Materials: \nAdditional materials relating to the administration of camps may also be found in Series 1.","2.2 General Camp Materials:\nGeneral materials not related to the administration of camps as a whole, or of individual camps without their own subseries are contained here.","2.3 Camp Materials:\nContains materials from individual camps. This series is arranged alphabetically by camp, and chronologically therein. Camps include: Day Camps, Holly Dell, Kittamaqund, Pamunkey Ridge, Pine Grove, Pinoaka, Pocahontas.","Series 3: Troop Records and Related Materials ","\nMaterials that are related to specific troops are housed in this series. These items in this series include correspondence, financial records, speeches, clippings, photographs, and scrapbooks. Materials related to finances are contained in series 1.4: Financial. The bulk of Dorothy Armstrong's donation to the GSCV is housed in this series. Materials such as clippings, scrapbooks, and photographs are physically housed with like-materials.","Series 4: Programming and Events","\nThese materials relate to programs and events created or attended by GSCV troops or members. These include regional and national conferences and conventions, Girl Scout Week, \"Wider Opportunity,\" and GS Cookie Week, as well as events like Youth Expos, fashion shows, visits by dignitaries, and breakfasts. This series and its subseries are arranged alphabetically and chronologically therein.\n    \nThis series has been divided into four subseries as follows:","4.1 Anniversary Materials.","4.2 Regional Conferences.","4.3 National Conferences and Conventions.","4.4 General Event Programs and Related Materials.","Series 5: Awards, Recognitions, and Related Materials ","\nMaterials that document awards and recognitions received or given by GSCV and its members are kept in this series. This includes awards-related correspondence, applications, and the award, certificate, or proclamation itself.  This series is arranged chronologically.","Series 6: Photographs, Slides, and Audio-Visual Material","\nThis series contains photographs and scrapbooks that did not fit with other series. It also contains slides and audio-visual materials consisting of audio cassettes, 45 and 33 rpm records, compact disks, DVDs, VHS, and film reels. Scrapbooks can contain photographs, newspaper clippings, article clippings, pamphlets, and tickets. Materials are grouped by type, and an effort has been made to arrange them in chronological order; many dates are approximate. \t\t\n    Photographs are in black and white unless otherwise noted until approximately 1962; after 1992, photographs are in color unless noted.\n    \nThis series is arranged into five subseries.","6.1 Photographs and Photograph Albums.","6.2 Slides: \nThis subseries contains slides from the 1950s through the 2000s. They are arranged alphabetically, and chronologically therein.","6.3 Scrapbooks.","6.5 Audio-Visual: \nThis subseries contains film reels, video cassettes, DVDs, audio CDs and audiocassettes, and 45 and 33 rpm records.","Series 7: Textiles and Related Materials","\nTextiles and related materials such as hats, belts, shoes, catalogs, and information on uniforms are kept in this series. There are multiple complete Brownie and Girl Scouts uniforms from various points in the history of the Scouts maintained in this series. Some patches, pins, and badges that are attached to sashes are in this series. Individual patches and some older textiles may also be located in Series 8: Artifacts and Ephemera.\n    \n7.1 Textile and Uniform Information and Records: \nThis subseries contains materials that relay information about the uniforms: their evolution, their production, and items such as catalogs and patterns.\n    \n7.2 Uniforms and Textiles.","Series 8: Artifacts and Ephemera","\nThis series houses artifacts from the history of the Girl Scouts in Virginia. Of particular interest are items like Girl Scout paper dolls, a branded Brownie Camera, canteens and collapsible camping cups, patches and badges, and Girl Scout pins. There are also multiple items of ephemera such as Girl Scout cookie boxes and stationery.\n    ","Series 9: Printed Materials","\nThis series contains books, magazines, newspapers, pamphlets, newsletters and other printed items, loose newspaper and magazine clippings. The publisher is either the Girl Scouts, the GSCV, or an outside entity. This series is arranged alphabetically by topic (annual events, Cookie Sale, handbooks, etc.) and/or title and chronologically therein. Of particular note is the wide array of Girl Scout booklets and the \"Newsletters\" section, which contains an early extended run of \"The Girl Scout Leader\" from approximately 1932-1940, as well as runs of \"Trefoil,\" \"Girl Scout News,\" \"Images,\" and \"LEaDS\" from 1982-1999.","Award for outstanding achievement in environmental Protection services, Ronald Reagan.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Commonwealth Council of the Girl Scouts of Virginia","English"],"unitid_tesim":["M 400","/repositories/5/resources/600"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records"],"collection_title_tesim":["Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records"],"collection_ssim":["Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Commonwealth Council of the Girl Scouts of Virginia"],"creator_ssim":["Commonwealth Council of the Girl Scouts of Virginia"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Commonwealth Council of the Girl Scouts of Virginia"],"creators_ssim":["Commonwealth Council of the Girl Scouts of Virginia"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was donated by The Commonwealth Council of Virginia Girl Scouts in two batches in 2011 and 2014."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["130 Linear Feet 118 Boxes"],"extent_tesim":["130 Linear Feet 118 Boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection has been arranged into nine series. Further information on the series, their contents and organization can be found in the Scope and Content note.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Council and Administrative Materials \n\u003cul\u003eSubseries:\n\u003cli\u003e1.1 Policies, Procedures, and Administrative Documents \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1.2 Reports\u003c/li\u003e \n\u003cli\u003e1.3 Meeting Materials and Minutes\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1.4 Financial\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1.5 United Way of Greater Richmond\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1.6 Correspondence and Printed Administrative Materials\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1.7 History\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1.8 Administrator's Materials\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1.9 Other Councils\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries 2: Camps\n\u003cul\u003eSubseries:\t\n\u003cli\u003e2.1 Camp Administration Materials\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2.2 General Camp Materials\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2.3 Camp Materials\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\nSeries 3: Troop Records and Related Materials\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Programming and Events\n\u003cul\u003eSubseries:\n\u003cli\u003e4.1 Anniversary Materials \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4.2 Regional Conferences \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4.3 National Conferences and Conventions \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4.4 General Event Programs and Related Materials \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\nSeries 5: Awards, Recognitions, and Related Materials\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6: Photographs, Slides, and A/V\n\u003cul\u003eSubseries:\n\u003cli\u003e6.1 Photographs and Photograph Albums \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e6.2 Slides \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e6.3 Scrapbooks \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e6.4 Audio-Visual\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n \nSeries 7: Textiles and Related Materials\n\u003cul\u003eSubseries:\n\u003cli\u003e7.1 Textile and Uniform Information and Records \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e7.2 Uniforms and Textiles \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\t\nSeries 8: Artifacts and Ephemera\nSubseries: \n\u003cli\u003e8.1 Artifacts\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e8.2Ephemera\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 9: Printed Materials\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection has been arranged into nine series. Further information on the series, their contents and organization can be found in the Scope and Content note.","Series 1: Council and Administrative Materials \n Subseries:\n 1.1 Policies, Procedures, and Administrative Documents  1.2 Reports 1.3 Meeting Materials and Minutes 1.4 Financial 1.5 United Way of Greater Richmond 1.6 Correspondence and Printed Administrative Materials 1.7 History 1.8 Administrator's Materials 1.9 Other Councils","\nSeries 2: Camps\n Subseries:\t\n 2.1 Camp Administration Materials 2.2 General Camp Materials 2.3 Camp Materials \nSeries 3: Troop Records and Related Materials","Series 4: Programming and Events\n Subseries:\n 4.1 Anniversary Materials  4.2 Regional Conferences  4.3 National Conferences and Conventions  4.4 General Event Programs and Related Materials  \nSeries 5: Awards, Recognitions, and Related Materials","Series 6: Photographs, Slides, and A/V\n Subseries:\n 6.1 Photographs and Photograph Albums  6.2 Slides  6.3 Scrapbooks  6.4 Audio-Visual \n \nSeries 7: Textiles and Related Materials\n Subseries:\n 7.1 Textile and Uniform Information and Records  7.2 Uniforms and Textiles  \t\nSeries 8: Artifacts and Ephemera\nSubseries: \n 8.1 Artifacts 8.2Ephemera","Series 9: Printed Materials"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia Council began in 1963 following a merger between the Girl Scouts of Richmond and the Girl Scouts of Southside Virginia councils to provide more extensive services to Scouts in central Virginia. However, neither this council nor the two preceding it was the start of Girl Scouting in the area. There has been active Girl Scouting in Richmond prior to the official establishment of a council, though few records of the earliest days remain. Using Boy Scout manuals and enlisting the guidance of the director of the Richmond Boy Scouts, area girls recruited adult leaders and began informal scouting groups. In November 1913, the first official Girl Scout troop in Virginia, Pansy Troop Number 1, was formed in Highland Springs. Sponsored by the Women's Study Club for Right Living of Highland Springs, the troop was founded by Mrs. Kate G. Read and Mrs. Marion T. Read. This troop eventually split into two: Pansy Troop no. 1 and Pansy Troop no. 2, due to demand from local girls for membership.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Girl Scouts of Richmond Council was formally organized on April 12, 1921 when the first Council Meeting was held at the Jefferson Hotel with 35 adult members, 11 troops, and 75 girls. The council received its official charter on May 10 of that year as the second chartered council in Virginia. Because of the Highland Springs troop's formation in 1913 and their inclusion in the Richmond Council, 1913 is commonly used for the date of inception for the Richmond Girl Scouts. In 1928, under the leadership of Commissioner Ruth Robertson McGuire, the Richmond Council was incorporated by the Girl Scouts of the United States of America.\nInitially, the Girl Scouts of Richmond was a racially exclusive organization, open only to white girls and women. Black Scouting in Richmond did not begin until 1932, when Troop 34, the first African American Girl Scout troop south of the Potomac River, was established. Mrs. Lena B. Watson of Virginia Union University (VUU) was instrumental in the group's formation  when she approached the Richmond council for permission to form a Black troop. Some council members  were supportive, but the council as a whole ultimately refused to consider it. The National Girl Scouting Headquarters became involved, forcing the Richmond council to allow the troop to form. In June 1932, the first Black troop formed at Hartshorn Hall at VUU with high school teacher Lavinia Banks as their leader.\nWhile Scouting in Richmond was developing, so too was Scouting in the southern part of Virginia. Hopewell formed its first troop in 1917, and many other troops in rural, semi-rural, and smaller urban areas followed. By 1942, the Petersburg Council organized, and the Hopewell Council formed in 1956, bringing many of the lone rural troops under the umbrella of a council. In 1958, the Hopewell Council merged with the Petersburg Council to form the Southside Council, bringing all troops in Southside Virginia Council services and support.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn response to rethinking the organization of Scouting in Virginia, the Richmond Council merged with the Southside Council to form the Commonwealth Council or the Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia in 1962. During this time, troop integration became a reality for Virginia Girl Scouts. Integration began in 1963 with the Fort Lee troop. Black Scouts were allowed to participate at Camp Holly Dell for the first time, and by 1968 segregated troops were no more. \nOver the years, the councils that became the Commonwealth Council have provided programs and opportunities for girls to explore, learn, and build character through STEM, environmental stewardship, financial literacy, camping events, homemaking, and first aid. Citizenship was integral to Scouting from its inception. During World War I, Scouts entertained military troops at Fort Lee, and visited hospitals in morale-boosting calls. At least one scouting troop was so beloved for their service, that they were deemed honorary members of one of the units stationed at Fort Lee. In the Second World War, Scouts led scrap drives and defense preparedness activities. In addition to citizenship, Scouts raised awareness as well as money for their organization. In the earliest years of Scouting in Richmond, Scouts solicited donations by going door-to-door or having booths at fairs. In 1925, the Richmond Council became a member of the Community Chest, and could focus on other ways to fundraise. One successful fundraiser occurred when the troops brought John Philip Sousa and his band to Richmond, which raised a large amount of money for the organization and allowed the expansion of programs for the girls. The first cookie sale was in 1936, and approximately 11,694 pounds of cookies were sold, which allowed for expanded services, camping activities, and improved camping facilities. The annual event has been popular ever since, and continues to raise money for troop activities and support into the present day.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCamps have always been an important part of Girl Scouting. In the earliest years of the Richmond Council, white Girl Scouts used the Boy Scout camps for a few weeks every summer, but it soon became apparent that the girls needed their own camps. Eventually, the Richmond Council settled on a property in Bon Air, VA, that became Camp Pocahontas in 1928. Day Camps, held in conjunction with the YWCA, began in 1932.  Camp Pinoaka for Black Girl Scouts in Pocahontas State Park followed in 1936, and the Petersburg Council purchased Camp Holly Dell in Chesterfield in 1951. All three camps were eventually sold, and resources put into two other camps- Camp Kittamaqund, established in 1964 in the Northern Neck, and Camp Pamunkey Ridge in Hanover County. Smaller sleep-away camps, as well as day camps, were also scattered across the tri-city area and the state.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAs of 2021, the Commonwealth Council, or the Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia, is one of four councils in the state and serves over 17,500 girls and women in central Virginia, stretching from the cities of Emporia to Fredericksburg, with its headquarters in the greater Richmond area. It is governed by a Board of Directors, which is elected by delegates from the council membership. The Board is responsible for establishing policies, approving budgets, and setting the direction for the Council. The board consists of a Chair, Vice-Chair, Secretary, Treasurer, Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Members-at-Large, and two girl board members. The CEO and girl members are ex-officio, non-voting members. All serve two-year terms, and may not serve more than three consecutive terms, though the Chair is eligible to serve an additional three successive terms in another position. The Board conducts its business as the entire unit and in smaller committees, such as the Executive Committee, Finance Committee, Membership, and Program Committees. An Annual Meeting of the Board is held, and the Board continues to meet throughout the year, as do committees, as needed.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia Council began in 1963 following a merger between the Girl Scouts of Richmond and the Girl Scouts of Southside Virginia councils to provide more extensive services to Scouts in central Virginia. However, neither this council nor the two preceding it was the start of Girl Scouting in the area. There has been active Girl Scouting in Richmond prior to the official establishment of a council, though few records of the earliest days remain. Using Boy Scout manuals and enlisting the guidance of the director of the Richmond Boy Scouts, area girls recruited adult leaders and began informal scouting groups. In November 1913, the first official Girl Scout troop in Virginia, Pansy Troop Number 1, was formed in Highland Springs. Sponsored by the Women's Study Club for Right Living of Highland Springs, the troop was founded by Mrs. Kate G. Read and Mrs. Marion T. Read. This troop eventually split into two: Pansy Troop no. 1 and Pansy Troop no. 2, due to demand from local girls for membership.","The Girl Scouts of Richmond Council was formally organized on April 12, 1921 when the first Council Meeting was held at the Jefferson Hotel with 35 adult members, 11 troops, and 75 girls. The council received its official charter on May 10 of that year as the second chartered council in Virginia. Because of the Highland Springs troop's formation in 1913 and their inclusion in the Richmond Council, 1913 is commonly used for the date of inception for the Richmond Girl Scouts. In 1928, under the leadership of Commissioner Ruth Robertson McGuire, the Richmond Council was incorporated by the Girl Scouts of the United States of America.\nInitially, the Girl Scouts of Richmond was a racially exclusive organization, open only to white girls and women. Black Scouting in Richmond did not begin until 1932, when Troop 34, the first African American Girl Scout troop south of the Potomac River, was established. Mrs. Lena B. Watson of Virginia Union University (VUU) was instrumental in the group's formation  when she approached the Richmond council for permission to form a Black troop. Some council members  were supportive, but the council as a whole ultimately refused to consider it. The National Girl Scouting Headquarters became involved, forcing the Richmond council to allow the troop to form. In June 1932, the first Black troop formed at Hartshorn Hall at VUU with high school teacher Lavinia Banks as their leader.\nWhile Scouting in Richmond was developing, so too was Scouting in the southern part of Virginia. Hopewell formed its first troop in 1917, and many other troops in rural, semi-rural, and smaller urban areas followed. By 1942, the Petersburg Council organized, and the Hopewell Council formed in 1956, bringing many of the lone rural troops under the umbrella of a council. In 1958, the Hopewell Council merged with the Petersburg Council to form the Southside Council, bringing all troops in Southside Virginia Council services and support.","In response to rethinking the organization of Scouting in Virginia, the Richmond Council merged with the Southside Council to form the Commonwealth Council or the Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia in 1962. During this time, troop integration became a reality for Virginia Girl Scouts. Integration began in 1963 with the Fort Lee troop. Black Scouts were allowed to participate at Camp Holly Dell for the first time, and by 1968 segregated troops were no more. \nOver the years, the councils that became the Commonwealth Council have provided programs and opportunities for girls to explore, learn, and build character through STEM, environmental stewardship, financial literacy, camping events, homemaking, and first aid. Citizenship was integral to Scouting from its inception. During World War I, Scouts entertained military troops at Fort Lee, and visited hospitals in morale-boosting calls. At least one scouting troop was so beloved for their service, that they were deemed honorary members of one of the units stationed at Fort Lee. In the Second World War, Scouts led scrap drives and defense preparedness activities. In addition to citizenship, Scouts raised awareness as well as money for their organization. In the earliest years of Scouting in Richmond, Scouts solicited donations by going door-to-door or having booths at fairs. In 1925, the Richmond Council became a member of the Community Chest, and could focus on other ways to fundraise. One successful fundraiser occurred when the troops brought John Philip Sousa and his band to Richmond, which raised a large amount of money for the organization and allowed the expansion of programs for the girls. The first cookie sale was in 1936, and approximately 11,694 pounds of cookies were sold, which allowed for expanded services, camping activities, and improved camping facilities. The annual event has been popular ever since, and continues to raise money for troop activities and support into the present day.","Camps have always been an important part of Girl Scouting. In the earliest years of the Richmond Council, white Girl Scouts used the Boy Scout camps for a few weeks every summer, but it soon became apparent that the girls needed their own camps. Eventually, the Richmond Council settled on a property in Bon Air, VA, that became Camp Pocahontas in 1928. Day Camps, held in conjunction with the YWCA, began in 1932.  Camp Pinoaka for Black Girl Scouts in Pocahontas State Park followed in 1936, and the Petersburg Council purchased Camp Holly Dell in Chesterfield in 1951. All three camps were eventually sold, and resources put into two other camps- Camp Kittamaqund, established in 1964 in the Northern Neck, and Camp Pamunkey Ridge in Hanover County. Smaller sleep-away camps, as well as day camps, were also scattered across the tri-city area and the state.","As of 2021, the Commonwealth Council, or the Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia, is one of four councils in the state and serves over 17,500 girls and women in central Virginia, stretching from the cities of Emporia to Fredericksburg, with its headquarters in the greater Richmond area. It is governed by a Board of Directors, which is elected by delegates from the council membership. The Board is responsible for establishing policies, approving budgets, and setting the direction for the Council. The board consists of a Chair, Vice-Chair, Secretary, Treasurer, Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Members-at-Large, and two girl board members. The CEO and girl members are ex-officio, non-voting members. All serve two-year terms, and may not serve more than three consecutive terms, though the Chair is eligible to serve an additional three successive terms in another position. The Board conducts its business as the entire unit and in smaller committees, such as the Executive Committee, Finance Committee, Membership, and Program Committees. An Annual Meeting of the Board is held, and the Board continues to meet throughout the year, as do committees, as needed."],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains many different formats. Negatives will need a scanner or light box to be properly accessed. Video formats include 35 and 78mm film, BetaCam, VHS, and U-Matic video and will need the proper video players to access them. CDs and DVDs, as well as audio cassette, reel-to-reel tape, 78 and 45 rpm records, and mini-cassette are included for audio formats.\u003c/p\u003e"],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements"],"phystech_tesim":["This collection contains many different formats. Negatives will need a scanner or light box to be properly accessed. Video formats include 35 and 78mm film, BetaCam, VHS, and U-Matic video and will need the proper video players to access them. CDs and DVDs, as well as audio cassette, reel-to-reel tape, 78 and 45 rpm records, and mini-cassette are included for audio formats."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCommonwealth Council of the Girl Scouts of Virginia records, 1910-2012, Collection number M 400, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Commonwealth Council of the Girl Scouts of Virginia records, 1910-2012, Collection number M 400, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e2022: The collection was minimally processed prior to 2014. Beginning in 2020 and finishing in 2022, the collection was fully processe. This included consolidating materials, removing duplicates, deaccessioning widely-available publications, and processing the two accessions into one collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["2022: The collection was minimally processed prior to 2014. Beginning in 2020 and finishing in 2022, the collection was fully processe. This included consolidating materials, removing duplicates, deaccessioning widely-available publications, and processing the two accessions into one collection."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia (GSCV) records are composed of documents, correspondence, photographs, audio-visual materials, textiles, and artifacts that chronicle the evolution of Girl Scouting in the greater Richmond, Virginia area and the creation of the Commonwealth Council. The collection ranges in date from approximately 1913 through 2012, with the bulk of the materials falling within 1924-2005.  The collection has been arranged into nine series.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 1: Council and Administrative Materials\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaterials related to the running and administration of the GSCV are located in this series. These items include policies and procedures, financial records, GSCV and Girl Scouting history in VA, and correspondence. This series also contains policies and procedures as outlined by both the Girl Scouts of the USA and GSCV and its preceding entities.\nSeries 1 comprises nine subseries.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1.1 Policies, Procedures, and Administrative Documents.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1.2 Reports: \nSeries 1.2 contains reports written by, about, or for the Richmond/ Commonwealth Council of VA Girl Scouts. They are arranged by author type and chronologically therein. Self-reports are first, followed by National Girl Scout reports, and reports about but not by Girl Scout entities are last.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1.3 Meeting Materials and Minutes: \nMaterials pertaining to meetings are kept with their respective meetings. This includes notes, minutes, correspondence, and other meeting items. Additionally, information on the formation of Black troops in Richmond can be found in the minutes starting in 1931. These materials are arranged by Council/Board/Annual Meetings, which may have committee materials included in chronological order, followed by solo committee materials, arranged alphabetically and then chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1.4 Financial: \nIncludes financial records and audits, both for the Council, as well as local troops. Series 1.4 is arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1.5 United Way of Greater Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1.6 Correspondence and Printed Administrative Materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1.7 History: \nMany materials relate to the history of Black Scouting in Richmond, the earliest records of Girl Scouting in Richmond, general history, and the records of the councils that preceded the Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1.8 Administrator's Materials: \nThese materials contain the individual correspondence and effects of administrators in their work as scouts or representatives of the GSCV.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1.9 Other Councils: \nMaterials from Councils outside of GSCV and its preceding councils are included here.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 2: Camps\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nMost materials relating to camps run by GSVA are maintained in this series. Items like photographs and scrapbooks relating to camping or specific camps are listed in their respective subseries, but housed with other photographs and scrapbooks. Slides, books, as well as photographs that may pertain to a camp, but are not identified as such may be listed or found in Series 6: A/V or in Series 9: Printed.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Series has been broken into nine subseries, most of which pertain to individual camps.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2.1 Camp Administration Materials: \nAdditional materials relating to the administration of camps may also be found in Series 1.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2.2 General Camp Materials:\nGeneral materials not related to the administration of camps as a whole, or of individual camps without their own subseries are contained here.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2.3 Camp Materials:\nContains materials from individual camps. This series is arranged alphabetically by camp, and chronologically therein. Camps include: Day Camps, Holly Dell, Kittamaqund, Pamunkey Ridge, Pine Grove, Pinoaka, Pocahontas.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 3: Troop Records and Related Materials \u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nMaterials that are related to specific troops are housed in this series. These items in this series include correspondence, financial records, speeches, clippings, photographs, and scrapbooks. Materials related to finances are contained in series 1.4: Financial. The bulk of Dorothy Armstrong's donation to the GSCV is housed in this series. Materials such as clippings, scrapbooks, and photographs are physically housed with like-materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 4: Programming and Events\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThese materials relate to programs and events created or attended by GSCV troops or members. These include regional and national conferences and conventions, Girl Scout Week, \"Wider Opportunity,\" and GS Cookie Week, as well as events like Youth Expos, fashion shows, visits by dignitaries, and breakfasts. This series and its subseries are arranged alphabetically and chronologically therein.\n    \nThis series has been divided into four subseries as follows:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e4.1 Anniversary Materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e4.2 Regional Conferences.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e4.3 National Conferences and Conventions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e4.4 General Event Programs and Related Materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 5: Awards, Recognitions, and Related Materials \u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nMaterials that document awards and recognitions received or given by GSCV and its members are kept in this series. This includes awards-related correspondence, applications, and the award, certificate, or proclamation itself. \u003cbr\u003eThis series is arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 6: Photographs, Slides, and Audio-Visual Material\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThis series contains photographs and scrapbooks that did not fit with other series. It also contains slides and audio-visual materials consisting of audio cassettes, 45 and 33 rpm records, compact disks, DVDs, VHS, and film reels. Scrapbooks can contain photographs, newspaper clippings, article clippings, pamphlets, and tickets. Materials are grouped by type, and an effort has been made to arrange them in chronological order; many dates are approximate. \t\t\n    Photographs are in black and white unless otherwise noted until approximately 1962; after 1992, photographs are in color unless noted.\n    \nThis series is arranged into five subseries.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e6.1 Photographs and Photograph Albums.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e6.2 Slides: \nThis subseries contains slides from the 1950s through the 2000s. They are arranged alphabetically, and chronologically therein.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e6.3 Scrapbooks.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e6.5 Audio-Visual: \nThis subseries contains film reels, video cassettes, DVDs, audio CDs and audiocassettes, and 45 and 33 rpm records.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 7: Textiles and Related Materials\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nTextiles and related materials such as hats, belts, shoes, catalogs, and information on uniforms are kept in this series. There are multiple complete Brownie and Girl Scouts uniforms from various points in the history of the Scouts maintained in this series. Some patches, pins, and badges that are attached to sashes are in this series. Individual patches and some older textiles may also be located in Series 8: Artifacts and Ephemera.\n    \n7.1 Textile and Uniform Information and Records: \nThis subseries contains materials that relay information about the uniforms: their evolution, their production, and items such as catalogs and patterns.\n    \n7.2 Uniforms and Textiles.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 8: Artifacts and Ephemera\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThis series houses artifacts from the history of the Girl Scouts in Virginia. Of particular interest are items like Girl Scout paper dolls, a branded Brownie Camera, canteens and collapsible camping cups, patches and badges, and Girl Scout pins. There are also multiple items of ephemera such as Girl Scout cookie boxes and stationery.\n    \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 9: Printed Materials\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThis series contains books, magazines, newspapers, pamphlets, newsletters and other printed items, loose newspaper and magazine clippings. The publisher is either the Girl Scouts, the GSCV, or an outside entity. This series is arranged alphabetically by topic (annual events, Cookie Sale, handbooks, etc.) and/or title and chronologically therein. Of particular note is the wide array of Girl Scout booklets and the \"Newsletters\" section, which contains an early extended run of \"The Girl Scout Leader\" from approximately 1932-1940, as well as runs of \"Trefoil,\" \"Girl Scout News,\" \"Images,\" and \"LEaDS\" from 1982-1999.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAward for outstanding achievement in environmental Protection services, Ronald Reagan.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia (GSCV) records are composed of documents, correspondence, photographs, audio-visual materials, textiles, and artifacts that chronicle the evolution of Girl Scouting in the greater Richmond, Virginia area and the creation of the Commonwealth Council. The collection ranges in date from approximately 1913 through 2012, with the bulk of the materials falling within 1924-2005.  The collection has been arranged into nine series.","Series 1: Council and Administrative Materials","Materials related to the running and administration of the GSCV are located in this series. These items include policies and procedures, financial records, GSCV and Girl Scouting history in VA, and correspondence. This series also contains policies and procedures as outlined by both the Girl Scouts of the USA and GSCV and its preceding entities.\nSeries 1 comprises nine subseries.","1.1 Policies, Procedures, and Administrative Documents.","1.2 Reports: \nSeries 1.2 contains reports written by, about, or for the Richmond/ Commonwealth Council of VA Girl Scouts. They are arranged by author type and chronologically therein. Self-reports are first, followed by National Girl Scout reports, and reports about but not by Girl Scout entities are last.","1.3 Meeting Materials and Minutes: \nMaterials pertaining to meetings are kept with their respective meetings. This includes notes, minutes, correspondence, and other meeting items. Additionally, information on the formation of Black troops in Richmond can be found in the minutes starting in 1931. These materials are arranged by Council/Board/Annual Meetings, which may have committee materials included in chronological order, followed by solo committee materials, arranged alphabetically and then chronologically.","1.4 Financial: \nIncludes financial records and audits, both for the Council, as well as local troops. Series 1.4 is arranged chronologically.","1.5 United Way of Greater Richmond.","1.6 Correspondence and Printed Administrative Materials.","1.7 History: \nMany materials relate to the history of Black Scouting in Richmond, the earliest records of Girl Scouting in Richmond, general history, and the records of the councils that preceded the Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia.","1.8 Administrator's Materials: \nThese materials contain the individual correspondence and effects of administrators in their work as scouts or representatives of the GSCV.","1.9 Other Councils: \nMaterials from Councils outside of GSCV and its preceding councils are included here.","Series 2: Camps","\nMost materials relating to camps run by GSVA are maintained in this series. Items like photographs and scrapbooks relating to camping or specific camps are listed in their respective subseries, but housed with other photographs and scrapbooks. Slides, books, as well as photographs that may pertain to a camp, but are not identified as such may be listed or found in Series 6: A/V or in Series 9: Printed.","The Series has been broken into nine subseries, most of which pertain to individual camps.","2.1 Camp Administration Materials: \nAdditional materials relating to the administration of camps may also be found in Series 1.","2.2 General Camp Materials:\nGeneral materials not related to the administration of camps as a whole, or of individual camps without their own subseries are contained here.","2.3 Camp Materials:\nContains materials from individual camps. This series is arranged alphabetically by camp, and chronologically therein. Camps include: Day Camps, Holly Dell, Kittamaqund, Pamunkey Ridge, Pine Grove, Pinoaka, Pocahontas.","Series 3: Troop Records and Related Materials ","\nMaterials that are related to specific troops are housed in this series. These items in this series include correspondence, financial records, speeches, clippings, photographs, and scrapbooks. Materials related to finances are contained in series 1.4: Financial. The bulk of Dorothy Armstrong's donation to the GSCV is housed in this series. Materials such as clippings, scrapbooks, and photographs are physically housed with like-materials.","Series 4: Programming and Events","\nThese materials relate to programs and events created or attended by GSCV troops or members. These include regional and national conferences and conventions, Girl Scout Week, \"Wider Opportunity,\" and GS Cookie Week, as well as events like Youth Expos, fashion shows, visits by dignitaries, and breakfasts. This series and its subseries are arranged alphabetically and chronologically therein.\n    \nThis series has been divided into four subseries as follows:","4.1 Anniversary Materials.","4.2 Regional Conferences.","4.3 National Conferences and Conventions.","4.4 General Event Programs and Related Materials.","Series 5: Awards, Recognitions, and Related Materials ","\nMaterials that document awards and recognitions received or given by GSCV and its members are kept in this series. This includes awards-related correspondence, applications, and the award, certificate, or proclamation itself.  This series is arranged chronologically.","Series 6: Photographs, Slides, and Audio-Visual Material","\nThis series contains photographs and scrapbooks that did not fit with other series. It also contains slides and audio-visual materials consisting of audio cassettes, 45 and 33 rpm records, compact disks, DVDs, VHS, and film reels. Scrapbooks can contain photographs, newspaper clippings, article clippings, pamphlets, and tickets. Materials are grouped by type, and an effort has been made to arrange them in chronological order; many dates are approximate. \t\t\n    Photographs are in black and white unless otherwise noted until approximately 1962; after 1992, photographs are in color unless noted.\n    \nThis series is arranged into five subseries.","6.1 Photographs and Photograph Albums.","6.2 Slides: \nThis subseries contains slides from the 1950s through the 2000s. They are arranged alphabetically, and chronologically therein.","6.3 Scrapbooks.","6.5 Audio-Visual: \nThis subseries contains film reels, video cassettes, DVDs, audio CDs and audiocassettes, and 45 and 33 rpm records.","Series 7: Textiles and Related Materials","\nTextiles and related materials such as hats, belts, shoes, catalogs, and information on uniforms are kept in this series. There are multiple complete Brownie and Girl Scouts uniforms from various points in the history of the Scouts maintained in this series. Some patches, pins, and badges that are attached to sashes are in this series. Individual patches and some older textiles may also be located in Series 8: Artifacts and Ephemera.\n    \n7.1 Textile and Uniform Information and Records: \nThis subseries contains materials that relay information about the uniforms: their evolution, their production, and items such as catalogs and patterns.\n    \n7.2 Uniforms and Textiles.","Series 8: Artifacts and Ephemera","\nThis series houses artifacts from the history of the Girl Scouts in Virginia. Of particular interest are items like Girl Scout paper dolls, a branded Brownie Camera, canteens and collapsible camping cups, patches and badges, and Girl Scout pins. There are also multiple items of ephemera such as Girl Scout cookie boxes and stationery.\n    ","Series 9: Printed Materials","\nThis series contains books, magazines, newspapers, pamphlets, newsletters and other printed items, loose newspaper and magazine clippings. The publisher is either the Girl Scouts, the GSCV, or an outside entity. This series is arranged alphabetically by topic (annual events, Cookie Sale, handbooks, etc.) and/or title and chronologically therein. Of particular note is the wide array of Girl Scout booklets and the \"Newsletters\" section, which contains an early extended run of \"The Girl Scout Leader\" from approximately 1932-1940, as well as runs of \"Trefoil,\" \"Girl Scout News,\" \"Images,\" and \"LEaDS\" from 1982-1999.","Award for outstanding achievement in environmental Protection services, Ronald Reagan."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_coll_ssim":["Commonwealth Council of the Girl Scouts of Virginia"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Commonwealth Council of the Girl Scouts of Virginia"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Commonwealth Council of the Girl Scouts of Virginia"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1502,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T04:37:44.566Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c07_c02_c07"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9853_c01_c01_c12_c01","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"\"1930-1945, Depression \u0026 WWII and the Urbanization continues\"","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9853_c01_c01_c12_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9853_c01_c01_c12_c01","ref_ssm":["viw_repositories_2_resources_9853_c01_c01_c12_c01"],"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9853_c01_c01_c12_c01","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9853","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9853","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9853_c01_c01_c12","parent_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9853_c01_c01_c12","parent_ssim":["viw_repositories_2_resources_9853","viw_repositories_2_resources_9853_c01","viw_repositories_2_resources_9853_c01_c01","viw_repositories_2_resources_9853_c01_c01_c12"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viw_repositories_2_resources_9853","viw_repositories_2_resources_9853_c01","viw_repositories_2_resources_9853_c01_c01","viw_repositories_2_resources_9853_c01_c01_c12"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Richard Wright Collection of Graphic Images of African Americans","Series 1: Research files","\"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics\"","\"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics, 1930-1945, Animated Movies, The Comic Book, Tarzan, Mandrake, Sunflower St., Will Eisner, Al Hirschfeld\""],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Richard Wright Collection of Graphic Images of African Americans","Series 1: Research files","\"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics\"","\"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics, 1930-1945, Animated Movies, The Comic Book, Tarzan, Mandrake, Sunflower St., Will Eisner, Al Hirschfeld\""],"text":["Richard Wright Collection of Graphic Images of African Americans","Series 1: Research files","\"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics\"","\"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics, 1930-1945, Animated Movies, The Comic Book, Tarzan, Mandrake, Sunflower St., Will Eisner, Al Hirschfeld\"","\"1930-1945, Depression \u0026 WWII and the Urbanization continues\"","Box 12","folder 36"],"title_filing_ssi":"\"1930-1945, Depression \u0026 WWII and the Urbanization continues\"","title_ssm":["\"1930-1945, Depression \u0026 WWII and the Urbanization continues\""],"title_tesim":["\"1930-1945, Depression \u0026 WWII and the Urbanization continues\""],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1929-2008"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1929/2008"],"normalized_title_ssm":["\"1930-1945, Depression \u0026 WWII and the Urbanization continues\""],"component_level_isim":[4],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"collection_ssim":["Richard Wright Collection of Graphic Images of African Americans"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":50,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"date_range_isim":[1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008],"containers_ssim":["Box 12","folder 36"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#0/components#11/components#0","timestamp":"2026-05-21T07:21:03Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9853","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9853","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9853","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9853","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_9853.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Richard Wright Collection of Graphic Images of African Americans","title_ssm":["Richard Wright Collection of Graphic Images of African Americans"],"title_tesim":["Richard Wright Collection of Graphic Images of African Americans"],"unitdate_ssm":["1806-2017"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1806-2017"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS 00317","/repositories/2/resources/9853"],"text":["MS 00317","/repositories/2/resources/9853","Richard Wright Collection of Graphic Images of African Americans","Comic books, strips, etc","African Americans--Caricatures and cartoons","Racism in popular culture","Drawings (visual works)","Motion pictures (visual work)","Sheet music","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","This collection is arranged into nine series: Research files, Collecting records, Minstrel shows, Scrapbooks and portfolios, Original artwork, Print and poster reproductions, Newspapers, Printed materials, and Audiovisual materials. ","Published books and comics can be found in our Rare Books collection.","Richard Wright (1946-2019) grew up in New York and attended college at Bradley University in Peoria, IL on an academic scholarship. He originally planned to study chemistry but graduated with a Bachelor of Political Science instead. ","\nWright moved to Stamford, Connecticut, where he met and married Minister Deborah V. P. Wright (1953-2012). They had three children together: Aaron Person, Joslynn S. Hamlet, and Porchia M. W. Smith.","\nWright spent the bulk of his career working as a court officer in the social services Department of Child Support in Connecticut until his retirement in 2013. He then moved to Williamsburg, Virgina, where he lived until his passing in 2019.","\nHe was an active member of Faith Tabernacle Missionary Baptist Church in Stamford, Connecticut. He served as a member of the trustee board, and sang in the Male Chorus and Inspirational Choir. Upon relocating to Williamsburg, VA, he joined Colossian Baptist Church in Newport News, and once again served as a choir member. ","\nOutside of the church, Wright also served as the president of the Stamford Chapter of the NAACP, was a member of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity Inc., and worked as a volunteer and mentor for a substance abuse rehabilitation program called Liberation House.","\nWhile living in Stamford, Wright began collecting Black comic books in 1986 because \"he wanted to have a hobby.\" His collection eventually grew beyond comics to include books, art works, photographs, and audio visual materials on the same topic. He saw the images that he collected over the years as a way to better tell the story of the depiction of Black Americans in visual media. In 2019, Wright donated his collection to William \u0026 Mary so that it might be \"a helpful resource to students\" in the future.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","Comic book volumes and other published materials included with this collection have been transfered to Rare Books and cataloged individually.","This collection, compiled by Richard Wright, focuses on the evolution of the Black American image in print media, cartoons and comics. Wright organized his own historical timeline titled \"Good Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics,\" also referred to as \"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics,\" in a series of binders with artist biographies and time period summaries. Item titles have been retained from the original labels.","Materials in this collection include: books, comic books, magazines, prints, reference books, slides, photographs, CDs, DVDs, sheet music, newspaper strips, lithographs, and artwork. ","Research notes, biographies and timelines compiled or authored by Richard Wright. The original binder names have been retained.","A series of binders compiled by Richard Wright on the history of Black American depictions in comic art.","Part one of four. The full orginial title for the binder that housed these materials was \"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics, African American Artists in the Mainstream: Jules Lion; Geo Herriman; E. Simms Campbell; Matt Baker; Morrie Turner; Brandon Brumsic; Ted Shearer; Black Images for Black People; Ebony; Golden Legacy; Aimed at Afro Market; Negro Romances; Negro Heroes; Hep/Sepia/Jive; In the Black Press; Ollie Harrington; Jackie Ormes; Tom Feelings; Current Artists; Denys Cowans; Ray Billingsley.\"","Part two of four. The full orginial title for the binder that housed these materials was \"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics, African American Artists in the Mainstream: Jules Lion; Geo Herriman; E. Simms Campbell; Matt Baker; Morrie Turner; Brandon Brumsic; Ted Shearer; Black Images for Black People; Ebony; Golden Legacy; Aimed at Afro Market; Negro Romances; Negro Heroes; Hep/Sepia/Jive; In the Black Press; Ollie Harrington; Jackie Ormes; Tom Feelings; Current Artists; Denys Cowans; Ray Billingsley.\"","Part three of four. The full orginial title for the binder that housed these materials was \"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics, African American Artists in the Mainstream: Jules Lion; Geo Herriman; E. Simms Campbell; Matt Baker; Morrie Turner; Brandon Brumsic; Ted Shearer; Black Images for Black People; Ebony; Golden Legacy; Aimed at Afro Market; Negro Romances; Negro Heroes; Hep/Sepia/Jive; In the Black Press; Ollie Harrington; Jackie Ormes; Tom Feelings; Current Artists; Denys Cowans; Ray Billingsley.\"","Part four of four. The full orginial title for the binder that housed these materials was \"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics, African American Artists in the Mainstream: Jules Lion; Geo Herriman; E. Simms Campbell; Matt Baker; Morrie Turner; Brandon Brumsic; Ted Shearer; Black Images for Black People; Ebony; Golden Legacy; Aimed at Afro Market; Negro Romances; Negro Heroes; Hep/Sepia/Jive; In the Black Press; Ollie Harrington; Jackie Ormes; Tom Feelings; Current Artists; Denys Cowans; Ray Billingsley.\"","Arrangement and titles of folders are retained from Wright.","Arrangement and titles of folders are retained from Wright.","Arrangement and titles of folders are retained from Wright.","Records pertaining to Wright's collecting process, such as purchase documentation and comic research. Retains Wright's original titles and organization.","This series retains original titles and organization.","Scrapbooks and porfolios compiled by Richard Wright. Original order and names retained.","An album with a red cover and a title note taped to the front by Richard Wright that reads \"1890's Black Newspaper Cartoons: Howarth, Hamilton, et. al.\"","A portfolio compiled by Richard Wright of cartoons with Black protagonists from a variety of artists and publishers between the 19th and 20th century.","A spiral bound book with a green cover. The words \"Scrap Book\" are on the front in black, the \"o\"s in \"book\" form the handles of a pair of scissors in the design. The contents of the book are comic clipping of \"Henry\" and \"Lulu\" from various newspapers.","A portfolio compiled by Richard Wright of Currier \u0026 Ives caricature cartoon prints featuring Black protagonists from the late 1800s.","A portfolio compiled by Richard Wright of Currier \u0026 Ives' \"Darktown\" print series.","A scrapbook with a red cover with gold lettering. A sticker on the spine reads \"1872.\" The contents of the book are illustration clippings from issues of Harper's Weekly.","Newspaper clippings of \"The Gumps\" by Sidney Smith from The Cleveland News. Signed by the artist with handwritten note.","Newspaper clippings of \"The Gumps\" by Sidney Smith from The Cleveland News. Signed by the artist.","Newspaper clippings of \"The Gumps\" by Sidney Smith from The Cleveland News. Signed by the artist.","A grey, tan, and gold covered scrapbook. The words \"Scrap Book\" are embossed on the cover along with two peony flowers. The contents are newspaper cartoon clippings from unmarked sources.","Arranged alphabetically by title.","Orginal four panel comic layout with edits, pasted text bubbles and handdrawn images.","A two part series, there are two versions of the print titled \"A Crack Trotter - A little off\" and one print of \"A Crack Trotter - Coming Around.\"","A print on board.","This cel has five characters standing side by side in the asile of a store.","This cel has three characters on a city street corner at night.","A character bust sketch in pencil. The figure is wearing glasses and a button up shirt. There is a scale measurement in the bottom right corner, and notes along the edges.","A multilayer animation cel with three sheets of film introductory text.","Two pen and pencil sketches on paper, the second is titled \"Fast Black\" and is signed A.L.S.","Original Black Panther comic panel in pen and ink with blue sketch lines, pencil notes, and corrections visible.","Handpainted animation cel signed by the artist and producer.","Two versions of the same cartoon: showing edits in color and design between the first and second editions.","Original comic panel with edits and the artist's signature in pen and ink.","Two original comic panels in pen and ink with edits, visible blue lines, and pencil notes. Signed by the artist.","A colored pencil and graphite character sketch for the film \"Coal Black and De Sebban Dwarfs.\" Signed by the artist and accompanied by the sales paperwork from when it was acquired by Richard Wright.","A handpainted animation cel for the movie \"Coonskin.\" Features a bust of one of the characters with a few background lines, and the identifier \"1H56, 5\" in the bottom right corner.","A series of animation character sketches on translucent paper.","An original comic panel signed by E. Simms Campbell. Done in pencil and ink with visible edits and commentary.","An original comic panel signed by Chester Gould. Done in pencil and ink with visible edits.","An original comic panel signed by Paul Smith. Done in pencil and ink with visible edits and commentary.","A handpainted animation cel featuring four characters from \"Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids.\" The cel is labeled \"FA STK 2027A B-5.\"","A handpainted animation cel featuring seven characters from \"Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids.\" The cel is labeled \"copyright 1981 - William H. Cosby Jr. - Film Assoc.\"","Sketch in colored pencil and graphite with animation notes and the identifier \"Se. 142, STK BG 1909, FA-79\" in the bottom right corner.","A sketch of a man holding a basketball in blue pencil and graphite. The label \"PB4\" is featured multiple times around the image, and the bottom of the page is stamped with \"50-2, 3.\"","A multi-layer hand-painted animation cel with a background, a foreground, and a figure layer.","A multi-layer hand-painted animation cel with a background, a foreground, and a figure layer.","A multi-layer hand-painted animation cel with a background, a foreground, and a figure layer.","A numbered limited edition Heavy Traffic poster. 73/260","Handpainted animation cel of \"Carol\" from \"Heavy Traffic\" with certificate of authenticity and sales information.","A cartoon drawn in pencil and signed by Henry Jackson. In red marker along the bottom of the work, someone has written \" Examiner Art Staff 1960s - (now deceased)\"","A political poster featuring a white and a Black solider shaking hands across from Uncle Sam. Produced by M.A.Stern Chicago.","Original comic panel done in pen and graphite, signed and dated by the artist. Title and trademark information are pasted onto the work, and writing along the bottom edge reads \"to Bill Glasgow.\"","Original animation model sketch of \"Inky\" from Warner Bros Studios. Accompanied by a certificate of authenticity.","Signed by the artist. Original panel on cardboard in ink and graphite. A caption at the bottom reads \"The high cost of foods done me more good than my [acolicing?] salon.\"","An animation cel featuring all three main characters from \"Josie and the Pussy Cats\" playing instruments on a stage. Their names written underneath their images, \"Josie, Melody, and Valerie.\" Words in the top left read \"Prod # 51, (standard size). The bottom right is copyrighted by Hanna-Barbera Productions, Inc., and dated 1970.","An animation cel featuring all three main characters from \"Josie and the Pussy Cats\" with a street scene background.","Sketch in colored pencil, graphite, and watercolor of a Fish in a bowler hat smoking a cigar.","An original comic panel in ink and graphite with visible edits, signed by the artist.","Handpainted animation cel of Uhura in uniform.","Character sketch in colored pencil and graphite with notes.","Character sketch in colored pencil and graphite. Accompanied by certificate of authenticity.","Original drawing in ink, titled in the bottom left and numbered in the bottom right.","Original comic panel in ink, graphite, and gouache paint with visible edits, and notes.","Original comic panel in ink and graphite, signed by the artist. Water damage along the bottom edge.","Two different print versions of the same image, showing varied color and tint choices.","Original comic panel in ink, graphite, blue pencil, and gouache paint with visible edits, and notes. Blue pencil notes at the top left corner read \" Page #13, Annual #94, Mn 7. \u0026 7. Force.\"","Original comic panel in ink with caption edits, accompanited by a handwritten letters by the artist, and the dealer information. The letters are addressed to Rev. E.F. Strickland, dated 1883 September 12 and 1883 October 20, and regard a request for a drawing.","An original comic panel in graphite and ink that appears to have been cut off from a larger comic strip. The artist signature in the bottom left is cut in half. Dated \"Fri May 1,\" 1959. And titled \"Capt. Easy\".","An untitled drawing of a boy facing away from the viewer. He is dressed in overalls with one strap, holding a bag in his left hand, and a stick in his right. Writing beneath the image reads \"SC. 28A\".","An untitled drawing of a man holding a boomerang. The number \"146\" is in the bottom right corner.","An untitled drawing of a female torso clad in an apron and wearing slippers. Writing beneath the drawing read \" Prod89 SC54, 269.\"","An untitled drawing of a female torso wearing an apron and slippers balancing on a tipping kitchen stool. There are notes written all over the image with measurements and accompanying arrows.","An untitled female figure wearing a headscarf and dressed in an apron over a polka-dot dress. Writing along the bottom of the image read \"AJ\" and \"542.\"","A series of motion sketches of a baby accompanied by a female figure.","A sketch of the centaur \"Otika\" from Disney's Fantasia.","Bust sketches of two women discussing laundry.","A drawing of Jerry wearing a napkin around his neck as he walks away to the right with a scowl on his face. The number \"50\" is in the bottom right.","A hand painted animation cel of Tom behind a person on stilts.","A drawing of Tom pouncing around the corner of a wall with paws outstretched. Notes on the drawing read \"to reg. see #129\", and the number \"133\" is in the bottom right corner.","An original comic panel for \"Outdoor Sports\" in ink, graphite, and blue pencil. Signed and dated by the artist.","A painting on paper of a donkey and three birds in a fenced field with a farm house in the background. Signed and titled in the bottom left.","An original comic panel in ink, paint, and graphite for a political cartoon.","Original comic panel in ink, graphite, red pen, and gouache paint with visible edits, and notes. Signed by the artist.","An original comic panel in ink and graphite of a man plucking petals off a flower. The title is written in pencil along the bottom edge.","A multi-layer, hand painted, animation cel. Signed by both artists. Numbered \"59/100\" in the bottom right corner.","A still life print on board that has been painted over.","An original comic panel in ink, graphite, and white-out on board. It features a man trying to fix a soda vending machine.","An original comic panel in in and graphite titled \"Walnuts\" from \"Sunflower Street.\" Signed by the arts and dated.","Two different printings of the same cartoon with color variances.","A handpainted animation cel of two character in clown make-up and costumes. The one on the left is labeled as \"Buckwheat as a clown,\" and the one on the right is labeled \"Porky as a clown.\" The cel is titled along the top edge and numbered \"0132-8207.\" Notes cover the entire cel in pencil and pen, the majority appear to be color identifcation numbers.","A drawing in ink and graphite of three men playing cards at a table. The title of the work is in pencil along the bottom edge, along with the artist's signature.","A print of \"Little Eva,\" and \"Uncle Tom\" sitting in the shade of a tree with a shack in the background. \"Eva\" has a book on her lap and gestures off in the distance.","A sketch in graphite of a old man wearing suspenders, oversized shoes, a tiny bowler hat, and carrying a crooked cane. The number \"143\" is written in the bottom right corner, and a the words \" PROD 1 52SC 1 6\" are stamped next to it.","A painted animation cel bust drawing of a bird in a hat. The hat is a purple tricorne with an oversized safety pin stuck through the front. The bird is white with yellow eyes and an orange beak and appears to be a seagull. The cel is accompaied by an information tag and a scan of a He-Man scene.","A print of seven men dressed in red and yellow shirts and caps with blue pinstriped pants and red shoes with yellow and red stockings. The men have axes and are working with trimmed sticks which are piled up behind them. One man has cut himself in half instead of the stick he is holding.","A sketch of a man in a top hat and coattails hanging on the back of a bucking horse. Signed \"FC\" in the bottom right corner.","A print of a woman walking beside a man holding a baby. Both are dressed in formal wear, and rendered in shades of tan, brown, and pink. Signed by the artist in the bottom right corner, with the letters difficult to make out.","Two prints, each a bust of a Black child. One in a three-quarters pose, the other looking directly at the viewer.","A woodblock print of a man, woman, and child in formal wear, their features are rendered in blocky forms akin to stylized masks.","A matted painted animation cel of Valerie Brown in her Pussy Cat costume holding two tambourines.","A bust sketch of Valerie Brown in blue pencil and graphite. Notes at the bottom right corner read \"7FC SC.31 6e-2 bq.31.\"","A multi-layer painted animation cel. Features a man with his hands clasped triumphantly above his head standing against a background of a junk pile and wooden wall. Text along the top edge reads \"Fa01 BGS4\" and text along the bottom edge reads \"FA STG 2027A WH5.\"","Arranged alphabetically by title.","From the series \"Negro Drawings,\" plate 42.","From the series \"Negro Drawings,\" plate 42.","Three prints; the two by Walker are published by Currier \u0026 Ives.","Two different print versions.","Oversized poster.","Two versions of the same print.","Print on canvas.","Two rolled posters.","A printout of a man in a bowler hat carrying a cane while wearing a suit.","Pixelated photographs of a comic showing two Black children sitting beside a shotgun.","Two different scenes of a man and woman in fancy dress.","This cover shows a white man with one hand on a revolver standing over a Black man laying on the ground.","Primarily \"Mickey Finn\" and \"Don Winslow of the Navy.\"","Omaha World Herald","Reproduction.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS 00317","/repositories/2/resources/9853"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Richard Wright Collection of Graphic Images of African Americans"],"collection_title_tesim":["Richard Wright Collection of Graphic Images of African Americans"],"collection_ssim":["Richard Wright Collection of Graphic Images of African Americans"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Richard Wright."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Comic books, strips, etc","African Americans--Caricatures and cartoons","Racism in popular culture","Drawings (visual works)","Motion pictures (visual work)","Sheet music"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Comic books, strips, etc","African Americans--Caricatures and cartoons","Racism in popular culture","Drawings (visual works)","Motion pictures (visual work)","Sheet music"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["21.68 Linear Feet 52 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["21.68 Linear Feet 52 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Drawings (visual works)","Motion pictures (visual work)","Sheet music"],"date_range_isim":[1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into nine series: Research files, Collecting records, Minstrel shows, Scrapbooks and portfolios, Original artwork, Print and poster reproductions, Newspapers, Printed materials, and Audiovisual materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePublished books and comics can be found in our Rare Books collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into nine series: Research files, Collecting records, Minstrel shows, Scrapbooks and portfolios, Original artwork, Print and poster reproductions, Newspapers, Printed materials, and Audiovisual materials. ","Published books and comics can be found in our Rare Books collection."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRichard Wright (1946-2019) grew up in New York and attended college at Bradley University in Peoria, IL on an academic scholarship. He originally planned to study chemistry but graduated with a Bachelor of Political Science instead. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nWright moved to Stamford, Connecticut, where he met and married Minister Deborah V. P. Wright (1953-2012). They had three children together: Aaron Person, Joslynn S. Hamlet, and Porchia M. W. Smith.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nWright spent the bulk of his career working as a court officer in the social services Department of Child Support in Connecticut until his retirement in 2013. He then moved to Williamsburg, Virgina, where he lived until his passing in 2019.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nHe was an active member of Faith Tabernacle Missionary Baptist Church in Stamford, Connecticut. He served as a member of the trustee board, and sang in the Male Chorus and Inspirational Choir. Upon relocating to Williamsburg, VA, he joined Colossian Baptist Church in Newport News, and once again served as a choir member. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nOutside of the church, Wright also served as the president of the Stamford Chapter of the NAACP, was a member of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity Inc., and worked as a volunteer and mentor for a substance abuse rehabilitation program called Liberation House.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nWhile living in Stamford, Wright began collecting Black comic books in 1986 because \"he wanted to have a hobby.\" His collection eventually grew beyond comics to include books, art works, photographs, and audio visual materials on the same topic. He saw the images that he collected over the years as a way to better tell the story of the depiction of Black Americans in visual media. In 2019, Wright donated his collection to William \u0026amp; Mary so that it might be \"a helpful resource to students\" in the future.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Richard Wright (1946-2019) grew up in New York and attended college at Bradley University in Peoria, IL on an academic scholarship. He originally planned to study chemistry but graduated with a Bachelor of Political Science instead. ","\nWright moved to Stamford, Connecticut, where he met and married Minister Deborah V. P. Wright (1953-2012). They had three children together: Aaron Person, Joslynn S. Hamlet, and Porchia M. W. Smith.","\nWright spent the bulk of his career working as a court officer in the social services Department of Child Support in Connecticut until his retirement in 2013. He then moved to Williamsburg, Virgina, where he lived until his passing in 2019.","\nHe was an active member of Faith Tabernacle Missionary Baptist Church in Stamford, Connecticut. He served as a member of the trustee board, and sang in the Male Chorus and Inspirational Choir. Upon relocating to Williamsburg, VA, he joined Colossian Baptist Church in Newport News, and once again served as a choir member. ","\nOutside of the church, Wright also served as the president of the Stamford Chapter of the NAACP, was a member of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity Inc., and worked as a volunteer and mentor for a substance abuse rehabilitation program called Liberation House.","\nWhile living in Stamford, Wright began collecting Black comic books in 1986 because \"he wanted to have a hobby.\" His collection eventually grew beyond comics to include books, art works, photographs, and audio visual materials on the same topic. He saw the images that he collected over the years as a way to better tell the story of the depiction of Black Americans in visual media. In 2019, Wright donated his collection to William \u0026 Mary so that it might be \"a helpful resource to students\" in the future."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General"],"odd_tesim":["William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRichard Wright Collection of Graphic Images of African Americans, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026amp; Mary Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Richard Wright Collection of Graphic Images of African Americans, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026 Mary Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eComic book volumes and other published materials included with this collection have been transfered to Rare Books and cataloged individually.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Comic book volumes and other published materials included with this collection have been transfered to Rare Books and cataloged individually."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection, compiled by Richard Wright, focuses on the evolution of the Black American image in print media, cartoons and comics. Wright organized his own historical timeline titled \"Good Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics,\" also referred to as \"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics,\" in a series of binders with artist biographies and time period summaries. Item titles have been retained from the original labels.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaterials in this collection include: books, comic books, magazines, prints, reference books, slides, photographs, CDs, DVDs, sheet music, newspaper strips, lithographs, and artwork. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearch notes, biographies and timelines compiled or authored by Richard Wright. The original binder names have been retained.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA series of binders compiled by Richard Wright on the history of Black American depictions in comic art.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart one of four. The full orginial title for the binder that housed these materials was \"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics, African American Artists in the Mainstream: Jules Lion; Geo Herriman; E. Simms Campbell; Matt Baker; Morrie Turner; Brandon Brumsic; Ted Shearer; Black Images for Black People; Ebony; Golden Legacy; Aimed at Afro Market; Negro Romances; Negro Heroes; Hep/Sepia/Jive; In the Black Press; Ollie Harrington; Jackie Ormes; Tom Feelings; Current Artists; Denys Cowans; Ray Billingsley.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart two of four. The full orginial title for the binder that housed these materials was \"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics, African American Artists in the Mainstream: Jules Lion; Geo Herriman; E. Simms Campbell; Matt Baker; Morrie Turner; Brandon Brumsic; Ted Shearer; Black Images for Black People; Ebony; Golden Legacy; Aimed at Afro Market; Negro Romances; Negro Heroes; Hep/Sepia/Jive; In the Black Press; Ollie Harrington; Jackie Ormes; Tom Feelings; Current Artists; Denys Cowans; Ray Billingsley.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart three of four. The full orginial title for the binder that housed these materials was \"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics, African American Artists in the Mainstream: Jules Lion; Geo Herriman; E. Simms Campbell; Matt Baker; Morrie Turner; Brandon Brumsic; Ted Shearer; Black Images for Black People; Ebony; Golden Legacy; Aimed at Afro Market; Negro Romances; Negro Heroes; Hep/Sepia/Jive; In the Black Press; Ollie Harrington; Jackie Ormes; Tom Feelings; Current Artists; Denys Cowans; Ray Billingsley.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart four of four. The full orginial title for the binder that housed these materials was \"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics, African American Artists in the Mainstream: Jules Lion; Geo Herriman; E. Simms Campbell; Matt Baker; Morrie Turner; Brandon Brumsic; Ted Shearer; Black Images for Black People; Ebony; Golden Legacy; Aimed at Afro Market; Negro Romances; Negro Heroes; Hep/Sepia/Jive; In the Black Press; Ollie Harrington; Jackie Ormes; Tom Feelings; Current Artists; Denys Cowans; Ray Billingsley.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArrangement and titles of folders are retained from Wright.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArrangement and titles of folders are retained from Wright.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArrangement and titles of folders are retained from Wright.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords pertaining to Wright's collecting process, such as purchase documentation and comic research. Retains Wright's original titles and organization.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series retains original titles and organization.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScrapbooks and porfolios compiled by Richard Wright. Original order and names retained.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn album with a red cover and a title note taped to the front by Richard Wright that reads \"1890's Black Newspaper Cartoons: Howarth, Hamilton, et. al.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA portfolio compiled by Richard Wright of cartoons with Black protagonists from a variety of artists and publishers between the 19th and 20th century.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA spiral bound book with a green cover. The words \"Scrap Book\" are on the front in black, the \"o\"s in \"book\" form the handles of a pair of scissors in the design. The contents of the book are comic clipping of \"Henry\" and \"Lulu\" from various newspapers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA portfolio compiled by Richard Wright of Currier \u0026amp; Ives caricature cartoon prints featuring Black protagonists from the late 1800s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA portfolio compiled by Richard Wright of Currier \u0026amp; Ives' \"Darktown\" print series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA scrapbook with a red cover with gold lettering. A sticker on the spine reads \"1872.\" The contents of the book are illustration clippings from issues of Harper's Weekly.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNewspaper clippings of \"The Gumps\" by Sidney Smith from The Cleveland News. Signed by the artist with handwritten note.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNewspaper clippings of \"The Gumps\" by Sidney Smith from The Cleveland News. Signed by the artist.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNewspaper clippings of \"The Gumps\" by Sidney Smith from The Cleveland News. Signed by the artist.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA grey, tan, and gold covered scrapbook. The words \"Scrap Book\" are embossed on the cover along with two peony flowers. The contents are newspaper cartoon clippings from unmarked sources.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically by title.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOrginal four panel comic layout with edits, pasted text bubbles and handdrawn images.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA two part series, there are two versions of the print titled \"A Crack Trotter - A little off\" and one print of \"A Crack Trotter - Coming Around.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA print on board.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis cel has five characters standing side by side in the asile of a store.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis cel has three characters on a city street corner at night.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA character bust sketch in pencil. The figure is wearing glasses and a button up shirt. There is a scale measurement in the bottom right corner, and notes along the edges.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA multilayer animation cel with three sheets of film introductory text.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo pen and pencil sketches on paper, the second is titled \"Fast Black\" and is signed A.L.S.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal Black Panther comic panel in pen and ink with blue sketch lines, pencil notes, and corrections visible.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHandpainted animation cel signed by the artist and producer.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo versions of the same cartoon: showing edits in color and design between the first and second editions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal comic panel with edits and the artist's signature in pen and ink.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo original comic panels in pen and ink with edits, visible blue lines, and pencil notes. Signed by the artist.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA colored pencil and graphite character sketch for the film \"Coal Black and De Sebban Dwarfs.\" Signed by the artist and accompanied by the sales paperwork from when it was acquired by Richard Wright.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA handpainted animation cel for the movie \"Coonskin.\" Features a bust of one of the characters with a few background lines, and the identifier \"1H56, 5\" in the bottom right corner.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA series of animation character sketches on translucent paper.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn original comic panel signed by E. Simms Campbell. Done in pencil and ink with visible edits and commentary.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn original comic panel signed by Chester Gould. Done in pencil and ink with visible edits.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn original comic panel signed by Paul Smith. Done in pencil and ink with visible edits and commentary.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA handpainted animation cel featuring four characters from \"Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids.\" The cel is labeled \"FA STK 2027A B-5.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA handpainted animation cel featuring seven characters from \"Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids.\" The cel is labeled \"copyright 1981 - William H. Cosby Jr. - Film Assoc.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSketch in colored pencil and graphite with animation notes and the identifier \"Se. 142, STK BG 1909, FA-79\" in the bottom right corner.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA sketch of a man holding a basketball in blue pencil and graphite. The label \"PB4\" is featured multiple times around the image, and the bottom of the page is stamped with \"50-2, 3.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA multi-layer hand-painted animation cel with a background, a foreground, and a figure layer.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA multi-layer hand-painted animation cel with a background, a foreground, and a figure layer.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA multi-layer hand-painted animation cel with a background, a foreground, and a figure layer.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA numbered limited edition Heavy Traffic poster. 73/260\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHandpainted animation cel of \"Carol\" from \"Heavy Traffic\" with certificate of authenticity and sales information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA cartoon drawn in pencil and signed by Henry Jackson. In red marker along the bottom of the work, someone has written \" Examiner Art Staff 1960s - (now deceased)\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA political poster featuring a white and a Black solider shaking hands across from Uncle Sam. Produced by M.A.Stern Chicago.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal comic panel done in pen and graphite, signed and dated by the artist. Title and trademark information are pasted onto the work, and writing along the bottom edge reads \"to Bill Glasgow.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal animation model sketch of \"Inky\" from Warner Bros Studios. Accompanied by a certificate of authenticity.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSigned by the artist. Original panel on cardboard in ink and graphite. A caption at the bottom reads \"The high cost of foods done me more good than my [acolicing?] salon.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn animation cel featuring all three main characters from \"Josie and the Pussy Cats\" playing instruments on a stage. Their names written underneath their images, \"Josie, Melody, and Valerie.\" Words in the top left read \"Prod # 51, (standard size). The bottom right is copyrighted by Hanna-Barbera Productions, Inc., and dated 1970.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn animation cel featuring all three main characters from \"Josie and the Pussy Cats\" with a street scene background.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSketch in colored pencil, graphite, and watercolor of a Fish in a bowler hat smoking a cigar.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn original comic panel in ink and graphite with visible edits, signed by the artist.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHandpainted animation cel of Uhura in uniform.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharacter sketch in colored pencil and graphite with notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharacter sketch in colored pencil and graphite. Accompanied by certificate of authenticity.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal drawing in ink, titled in the bottom left and numbered in the bottom right.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal comic panel in ink, graphite, and gouache paint with visible edits, and notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal comic panel in ink and graphite, signed by the artist. Water damage along the bottom edge.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo different print versions of the same image, showing varied color and tint choices.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal comic panel in ink, graphite, blue pencil, and gouache paint with visible edits, and notes. Blue pencil notes at the top left corner read \" Page #13, Annual #94, Mn 7. \u0026amp; 7. Force.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal comic panel in ink with caption edits, accompanited by a handwritten letters by the artist, and the dealer information. The letters are addressed to Rev. E.F. Strickland, dated 1883 September 12 and 1883 October 20, and regard a request for a drawing.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn original comic panel in graphite and ink that appears to have been cut off from a larger comic strip. The artist signature in the bottom left is cut in half. Dated \"Fri May 1,\" 1959. And titled \"Capt. Easy\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn untitled drawing of a boy facing away from the viewer. He is dressed in overalls with one strap, holding a bag in his left hand, and a stick in his right. Writing beneath the image reads \"SC. 28A\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn untitled drawing of a man holding a boomerang. The number \"146\" is in the bottom right corner.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn untitled drawing of a female torso clad in an apron and wearing slippers. Writing beneath the drawing read \" Prod89 SC54, 269.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn untitled drawing of a female torso wearing an apron and slippers balancing on a tipping kitchen stool. There are notes written all over the image with measurements and accompanying arrows.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn untitled female figure wearing a headscarf and dressed in an apron over a polka-dot dress. Writing along the bottom of the image read \"AJ\" and \"542.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA series of motion sketches of a baby accompanied by a female figure.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA sketch of the centaur \"Otika\" from Disney's Fantasia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBust sketches of two women discussing laundry.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA drawing of Jerry wearing a napkin around his neck as he walks away to the right with a scowl on his face. The number \"50\" is in the bottom right.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA hand painted animation cel of Tom behind a person on stilts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA drawing of Tom pouncing around the corner of a wall with paws outstretched. Notes on the drawing read \"to reg. see #129\", and the number \"133\" is in the bottom right corner.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn original comic panel for \"Outdoor Sports\" in ink, graphite, and blue pencil. Signed and dated by the artist.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA painting on paper of a donkey and three birds in a fenced field with a farm house in the background. Signed and titled in the bottom left.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn original comic panel in ink, paint, and graphite for a political cartoon.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal comic panel in ink, graphite, red pen, and gouache paint with visible edits, and notes. Signed by the artist.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn original comic panel in ink and graphite of a man plucking petals off a flower. The title is written in pencil along the bottom edge.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA multi-layer, hand painted, animation cel. Signed by both artists. Numbered \"59/100\" in the bottom right corner.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA still life print on board that has been painted over.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn original comic panel in ink, graphite, and white-out on board. It features a man trying to fix a soda vending machine.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn original comic panel in in and graphite titled \"Walnuts\" from \"Sunflower Street.\" Signed by the arts and dated.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo different printings of the same cartoon with color variances.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA handpainted animation cel of two character in clown make-up and costumes. The one on the left is labeled as \"Buckwheat as a clown,\" and the one on the right is labeled \"Porky as a clown.\" The cel is titled along the top edge and numbered \"0132-8207.\" Notes cover the entire cel in pencil and pen, the majority appear to be color identifcation numbers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA drawing in ink and graphite of three men playing cards at a table. The title of the work is in pencil along the bottom edge, along with the artist's signature.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA print of \"Little Eva,\" and \"Uncle Tom\" sitting in the shade of a tree with a shack in the background. \"Eva\" has a book on her lap and gestures off in the distance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA sketch in graphite of a old man wearing suspenders, oversized shoes, a tiny bowler hat, and carrying a crooked cane. The number \"143\" is written in the bottom right corner, and a the words \" PROD 1 52SC 1 6\" are stamped next to it.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA painted animation cel bust drawing of a bird in a hat. The hat is a purple tricorne with an oversized safety pin stuck through the front. The bird is white with yellow eyes and an orange beak and appears to be a seagull. The cel is accompaied by an information tag and a scan of a He-Man scene.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA print of seven men dressed in red and yellow shirts and caps with blue pinstriped pants and red shoes with yellow and red stockings. The men have axes and are working with trimmed sticks which are piled up behind them. One man has cut himself in half instead of the stick he is holding.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA sketch of a man in a top hat and coattails hanging on the back of a bucking horse. Signed \"FC\" in the bottom right corner.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA print of a woman walking beside a man holding a baby. Both are dressed in formal wear, and rendered in shades of tan, brown, and pink. Signed by the artist in the bottom right corner, with the letters difficult to make out.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo prints, each a bust of a Black child. One in a three-quarters pose, the other looking directly at the viewer.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA woodblock print of a man, woman, and child in formal wear, their features are rendered in blocky forms akin to stylized masks.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA matted painted animation cel of Valerie Brown in her Pussy Cat costume holding two tambourines.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA bust sketch of Valerie Brown in blue pencil and graphite. Notes at the bottom right corner read \"7FC SC.31 6e-2 bq.31.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA multi-layer painted animation cel. Features a man with his hands clasped triumphantly above his head standing against a background of a junk pile and wooden wall. Text along the top edge reads \"Fa01 BGS4\" and text along the bottom edge reads \"FA STG 2027A WH5.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically by title.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrom the series \"Negro Drawings,\" plate 42.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrom the series \"Negro Drawings,\" plate 42.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThree prints; the two by Walker are published by Currier \u0026amp; Ives.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo different print versions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversized poster.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo versions of the same print.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrint on canvas.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo rolled posters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA printout of a man in a bowler hat carrying a cane while wearing a suit.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePixelated photographs of a comic showing two Black children sitting beside a shotgun.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo different scenes of a man and woman in fancy dress.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis cover shows a white man with one hand on a revolver standing over a Black man laying on the ground.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrimarily \"Mickey Finn\" and \"Don Winslow of the Navy.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOmaha World Herald\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection, compiled by Richard Wright, focuses on the evolution of the Black American image in print media, cartoons and comics. Wright organized his own historical timeline titled \"Good Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics,\" also referred to as \"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics,\" in a series of binders with artist biographies and time period summaries. Item titles have been retained from the original labels.","Materials in this collection include: books, comic books, magazines, prints, reference books, slides, photographs, CDs, DVDs, sheet music, newspaper strips, lithographs, and artwork. ","Research notes, biographies and timelines compiled or authored by Richard Wright. The original binder names have been retained.","A series of binders compiled by Richard Wright on the history of Black American depictions in comic art.","Part one of four. The full orginial title for the binder that housed these materials was \"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics, African American Artists in the Mainstream: Jules Lion; Geo Herriman; E. Simms Campbell; Matt Baker; Morrie Turner; Brandon Brumsic; Ted Shearer; Black Images for Black People; Ebony; Golden Legacy; Aimed at Afro Market; Negro Romances; Negro Heroes; Hep/Sepia/Jive; In the Black Press; Ollie Harrington; Jackie Ormes; Tom Feelings; Current Artists; Denys Cowans; Ray Billingsley.\"","Part two of four. The full orginial title for the binder that housed these materials was \"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics, African American Artists in the Mainstream: Jules Lion; Geo Herriman; E. Simms Campbell; Matt Baker; Morrie Turner; Brandon Brumsic; Ted Shearer; Black Images for Black People; Ebony; Golden Legacy; Aimed at Afro Market; Negro Romances; Negro Heroes; Hep/Sepia/Jive; In the Black Press; Ollie Harrington; Jackie Ormes; Tom Feelings; Current Artists; Denys Cowans; Ray Billingsley.\"","Part three of four. The full orginial title for the binder that housed these materials was \"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics, African American Artists in the Mainstream: Jules Lion; Geo Herriman; E. Simms Campbell; Matt Baker; Morrie Turner; Brandon Brumsic; Ted Shearer; Black Images for Black People; Ebony; Golden Legacy; Aimed at Afro Market; Negro Romances; Negro Heroes; Hep/Sepia/Jive; In the Black Press; Ollie Harrington; Jackie Ormes; Tom Feelings; Current Artists; Denys Cowans; Ray Billingsley.\"","Part four of four. The full orginial title for the binder that housed these materials was \"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics, African American Artists in the Mainstream: Jules Lion; Geo Herriman; E. Simms Campbell; Matt Baker; Morrie Turner; Brandon Brumsic; Ted Shearer; Black Images for Black People; Ebony; Golden Legacy; Aimed at Afro Market; Negro Romances; Negro Heroes; Hep/Sepia/Jive; In the Black Press; Ollie Harrington; Jackie Ormes; Tom Feelings; Current Artists; Denys Cowans; Ray Billingsley.\"","Arrangement and titles of folders are retained from Wright.","Arrangement and titles of folders are retained from Wright.","Arrangement and titles of folders are retained from Wright.","Records pertaining to Wright's collecting process, such as purchase documentation and comic research. Retains Wright's original titles and organization.","This series retains original titles and organization.","Scrapbooks and porfolios compiled by Richard Wright. Original order and names retained.","An album with a red cover and a title note taped to the front by Richard Wright that reads \"1890's Black Newspaper Cartoons: Howarth, Hamilton, et. al.\"","A portfolio compiled by Richard Wright of cartoons with Black protagonists from a variety of artists and publishers between the 19th and 20th century.","A spiral bound book with a green cover. The words \"Scrap Book\" are on the front in black, the \"o\"s in \"book\" form the handles of a pair of scissors in the design. The contents of the book are comic clipping of \"Henry\" and \"Lulu\" from various newspapers.","A portfolio compiled by Richard Wright of Currier \u0026 Ives caricature cartoon prints featuring Black protagonists from the late 1800s.","A portfolio compiled by Richard Wright of Currier \u0026 Ives' \"Darktown\" print series.","A scrapbook with a red cover with gold lettering. A sticker on the spine reads \"1872.\" The contents of the book are illustration clippings from issues of Harper's Weekly.","Newspaper clippings of \"The Gumps\" by Sidney Smith from The Cleveland News. Signed by the artist with handwritten note.","Newspaper clippings of \"The Gumps\" by Sidney Smith from The Cleveland News. Signed by the artist.","Newspaper clippings of \"The Gumps\" by Sidney Smith from The Cleveland News. Signed by the artist.","A grey, tan, and gold covered scrapbook. The words \"Scrap Book\" are embossed on the cover along with two peony flowers. The contents are newspaper cartoon clippings from unmarked sources.","Arranged alphabetically by title.","Orginal four panel comic layout with edits, pasted text bubbles and handdrawn images.","A two part series, there are two versions of the print titled \"A Crack Trotter - A little off\" and one print of \"A Crack Trotter - Coming Around.\"","A print on board.","This cel has five characters standing side by side in the asile of a store.","This cel has three characters on a city street corner at night.","A character bust sketch in pencil. The figure is wearing glasses and a button up shirt. There is a scale measurement in the bottom right corner, and notes along the edges.","A multilayer animation cel with three sheets of film introductory text.","Two pen and pencil sketches on paper, the second is titled \"Fast Black\" and is signed A.L.S.","Original Black Panther comic panel in pen and ink with blue sketch lines, pencil notes, and corrections visible.","Handpainted animation cel signed by the artist and producer.","Two versions of the same cartoon: showing edits in color and design between the first and second editions.","Original comic panel with edits and the artist's signature in pen and ink.","Two original comic panels in pen and ink with edits, visible blue lines, and pencil notes. Signed by the artist.","A colored pencil and graphite character sketch for the film \"Coal Black and De Sebban Dwarfs.\" Signed by the artist and accompanied by the sales paperwork from when it was acquired by Richard Wright.","A handpainted animation cel for the movie \"Coonskin.\" Features a bust of one of the characters with a few background lines, and the identifier \"1H56, 5\" in the bottom right corner.","A series of animation character sketches on translucent paper.","An original comic panel signed by E. Simms Campbell. Done in pencil and ink with visible edits and commentary.","An original comic panel signed by Chester Gould. Done in pencil and ink with visible edits.","An original comic panel signed by Paul Smith. Done in pencil and ink with visible edits and commentary.","A handpainted animation cel featuring four characters from \"Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids.\" The cel is labeled \"FA STK 2027A B-5.\"","A handpainted animation cel featuring seven characters from \"Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids.\" The cel is labeled \"copyright 1981 - William H. Cosby Jr. - Film Assoc.\"","Sketch in colored pencil and graphite with animation notes and the identifier \"Se. 142, STK BG 1909, FA-79\" in the bottom right corner.","A sketch of a man holding a basketball in blue pencil and graphite. The label \"PB4\" is featured multiple times around the image, and the bottom of the page is stamped with \"50-2, 3.\"","A multi-layer hand-painted animation cel with a background, a foreground, and a figure layer.","A multi-layer hand-painted animation cel with a background, a foreground, and a figure layer.","A multi-layer hand-painted animation cel with a background, a foreground, and a figure layer.","A numbered limited edition Heavy Traffic poster. 73/260","Handpainted animation cel of \"Carol\" from \"Heavy Traffic\" with certificate of authenticity and sales information.","A cartoon drawn in pencil and signed by Henry Jackson. In red marker along the bottom of the work, someone has written \" Examiner Art Staff 1960s - (now deceased)\"","A political poster featuring a white and a Black solider shaking hands across from Uncle Sam. Produced by M.A.Stern Chicago.","Original comic panel done in pen and graphite, signed and dated by the artist. Title and trademark information are pasted onto the work, and writing along the bottom edge reads \"to Bill Glasgow.\"","Original animation model sketch of \"Inky\" from Warner Bros Studios. Accompanied by a certificate of authenticity.","Signed by the artist. Original panel on cardboard in ink and graphite. A caption at the bottom reads \"The high cost of foods done me more good than my [acolicing?] salon.\"","An animation cel featuring all three main characters from \"Josie and the Pussy Cats\" playing instruments on a stage. Their names written underneath their images, \"Josie, Melody, and Valerie.\" Words in the top left read \"Prod # 51, (standard size). The bottom right is copyrighted by Hanna-Barbera Productions, Inc., and dated 1970.","An animation cel featuring all three main characters from \"Josie and the Pussy Cats\" with a street scene background.","Sketch in colored pencil, graphite, and watercolor of a Fish in a bowler hat smoking a cigar.","An original comic panel in ink and graphite with visible edits, signed by the artist.","Handpainted animation cel of Uhura in uniform.","Character sketch in colored pencil and graphite with notes.","Character sketch in colored pencil and graphite. Accompanied by certificate of authenticity.","Original drawing in ink, titled in the bottom left and numbered in the bottom right.","Original comic panel in ink, graphite, and gouache paint with visible edits, and notes.","Original comic panel in ink and graphite, signed by the artist. Water damage along the bottom edge.","Two different print versions of the same image, showing varied color and tint choices.","Original comic panel in ink, graphite, blue pencil, and gouache paint with visible edits, and notes. Blue pencil notes at the top left corner read \" Page #13, Annual #94, Mn 7. \u0026 7. Force.\"","Original comic panel in ink with caption edits, accompanited by a handwritten letters by the artist, and the dealer information. The letters are addressed to Rev. E.F. Strickland, dated 1883 September 12 and 1883 October 20, and regard a request for a drawing.","An original comic panel in graphite and ink that appears to have been cut off from a larger comic strip. The artist signature in the bottom left is cut in half. Dated \"Fri May 1,\" 1959. And titled \"Capt. Easy\".","An untitled drawing of a boy facing away from the viewer. He is dressed in overalls with one strap, holding a bag in his left hand, and a stick in his right. Writing beneath the image reads \"SC. 28A\".","An untitled drawing of a man holding a boomerang. The number \"146\" is in the bottom right corner.","An untitled drawing of a female torso clad in an apron and wearing slippers. Writing beneath the drawing read \" Prod89 SC54, 269.\"","An untitled drawing of a female torso wearing an apron and slippers balancing on a tipping kitchen stool. There are notes written all over the image with measurements and accompanying arrows.","An untitled female figure wearing a headscarf and dressed in an apron over a polka-dot dress. Writing along the bottom of the image read \"AJ\" and \"542.\"","A series of motion sketches of a baby accompanied by a female figure.","A sketch of the centaur \"Otika\" from Disney's Fantasia.","Bust sketches of two women discussing laundry.","A drawing of Jerry wearing a napkin around his neck as he walks away to the right with a scowl on his face. The number \"50\" is in the bottom right.","A hand painted animation cel of Tom behind a person on stilts.","A drawing of Tom pouncing around the corner of a wall with paws outstretched. Notes on the drawing read \"to reg. see #129\", and the number \"133\" is in the bottom right corner.","An original comic panel for \"Outdoor Sports\" in ink, graphite, and blue pencil. Signed and dated by the artist.","A painting on paper of a donkey and three birds in a fenced field with a farm house in the background. Signed and titled in the bottom left.","An original comic panel in ink, paint, and graphite for a political cartoon.","Original comic panel in ink, graphite, red pen, and gouache paint with visible edits, and notes. Signed by the artist.","An original comic panel in ink and graphite of a man plucking petals off a flower. The title is written in pencil along the bottom edge.","A multi-layer, hand painted, animation cel. Signed by both artists. Numbered \"59/100\" in the bottom right corner.","A still life print on board that has been painted over.","An original comic panel in ink, graphite, and white-out on board. It features a man trying to fix a soda vending machine.","An original comic panel in in and graphite titled \"Walnuts\" from \"Sunflower Street.\" Signed by the arts and dated.","Two different printings of the same cartoon with color variances.","A handpainted animation cel of two character in clown make-up and costumes. The one on the left is labeled as \"Buckwheat as a clown,\" and the one on the right is labeled \"Porky as a clown.\" The cel is titled along the top edge and numbered \"0132-8207.\" Notes cover the entire cel in pencil and pen, the majority appear to be color identifcation numbers.","A drawing in ink and graphite of three men playing cards at a table. The title of the work is in pencil along the bottom edge, along with the artist's signature.","A print of \"Little Eva,\" and \"Uncle Tom\" sitting in the shade of a tree with a shack in the background. \"Eva\" has a book on her lap and gestures off in the distance.","A sketch in graphite of a old man wearing suspenders, oversized shoes, a tiny bowler hat, and carrying a crooked cane. The number \"143\" is written in the bottom right corner, and a the words \" PROD 1 52SC 1 6\" are stamped next to it.","A painted animation cel bust drawing of a bird in a hat. The hat is a purple tricorne with an oversized safety pin stuck through the front. The bird is white with yellow eyes and an orange beak and appears to be a seagull. The cel is accompaied by an information tag and a scan of a He-Man scene.","A print of seven men dressed in red and yellow shirts and caps with blue pinstriped pants and red shoes with yellow and red stockings. The men have axes and are working with trimmed sticks which are piled up behind them. One man has cut himself in half instead of the stick he is holding.","A sketch of a man in a top hat and coattails hanging on the back of a bucking horse. Signed \"FC\" in the bottom right corner.","A print of a woman walking beside a man holding a baby. Both are dressed in formal wear, and rendered in shades of tan, brown, and pink. Signed by the artist in the bottom right corner, with the letters difficult to make out.","Two prints, each a bust of a Black child. One in a three-quarters pose, the other looking directly at the viewer.","A woodblock print of a man, woman, and child in formal wear, their features are rendered in blocky forms akin to stylized masks.","A matted painted animation cel of Valerie Brown in her Pussy Cat costume holding two tambourines.","A bust sketch of Valerie Brown in blue pencil and graphite. Notes at the bottom right corner read \"7FC SC.31 6e-2 bq.31.\"","A multi-layer painted animation cel. Features a man with his hands clasped triumphantly above his head standing against a background of a junk pile and wooden wall. Text along the top edge reads \"Fa01 BGS4\" and text along the bottom edge reads \"FA STG 2027A WH5.\"","Arranged alphabetically by title.","From the series \"Negro Drawings,\" plate 42.","From the series \"Negro Drawings,\" plate 42.","Three prints; the two by Walker are published by Currier \u0026 Ives.","Two different print versions.","Oversized poster.","Two versions of the same print.","Print on canvas.","Two rolled posters.","A printout of a man in a bowler hat carrying a cane while wearing a suit.","Pixelated photographs of a comic showing two Black children sitting beside a shotgun.","Two different scenes of a man and woman in fancy dress.","This cover shows a white man with one hand on a revolver standing over a Black man laying on the ground.","Primarily \"Mickey Finn\" and \"Don Winslow of the Navy.\"","Omaha World Herald","Reproduction."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":987,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T07:21:03Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9853_c01_c01_c12_c01"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3687_c03_c05_c41","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"1934 Campaign; Liberalism, 1937; Oil Speech, Election Fraud Data (Folder includes clippings, reports, memos, etc.)","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3687_c03_c05_c41#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3687_c03_c05_c41","ref_ssm":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3687_c03_c05_c41"],"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3687_c03_c05_c41","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3687","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3687","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3687_c03_c05","parent_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3687_c03_c05","parent_ssim":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3687","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3687_c03","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3687_c03_c05"],"parent_ids_ssim":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3687","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3687_c03","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3687_c03_c05"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers","Series 3. Legislative Records","Legislative Records--Miscellaneous"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers","Series 3. Legislative Records","Legislative Records--Miscellaneous"],"text":["Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers","Series 3. Legislative Records","Legislative Records--Miscellaneous","1934 Campaign; Liberalism, 1937; Oil Speech, Election Fraud Data (Folder includes clippings, reports, memos, etc.)","Box 320","Folder 2"],"title_filing_ssi":"1934 Campaign; Liberalism, 1937; Oil Speech, Election Fraud Data (Folder includes clippings, reports, memos, etc.)","title_ssm":["1934 Campaign; Liberalism, 1937; Oil Speech, Election Fraud Data (Folder includes clippings, reports, memos, etc.)"],"title_tesim":["1934 Campaign; Liberalism, 1937; Oil Speech, Election Fraud Data (Folder includes clippings, reports, memos, etc.)"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1934–1937"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1934/1937"],"normalized_title_ssm":["1934 Campaign; Liberalism, 1937; Oil Speech, Election Fraud Data (Folder includes clippings, reports, memos, etc.)"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"collection_ssim":["Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":603,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["No special access restriction applies."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"date_range_isim":[1934,1935,1936,1937],"containers_ssim":["Box 320","Folder 2"],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#4/components#40","timestamp":"2026-05-21T01:09:46.199Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3687","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3687","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3687","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3687","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_3687.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/208740","title_ssm":["Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers"],"title_tesim":["Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1840-2003","1918-1955"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1918-1955"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1840-2003"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 0873","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/3687"],"text":["A\u0026M 0873","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/3687","Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers","Lewis County.","West Virginia -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government","Coal mining - Labor organization.","Education","Elections","Guffey Coal Act.","New Deal, 1933-1939","Politics and government.","Public utilities","Taxation","Unions.","United States - Social Security.","Social Security -- United States","Wheeler-Rayburn Holding Company Act","Isolationism -- United States -- History -- 20th Century","World War, 1939-1945","Politicians -- United States","No special access restriction applies.","This collection is one of five (see also A\u0026M 1858, 4218, 4039, and 3943) pertaining to Rush Dew Holt, Sr. and his family. The records have been gathered via multiple accruals from 1956 to 2016. Originally, these collections were divided between A\u0026M 873 and A\u0026M 1701, the latter also being composed of thirteen addenda and A\u0026M 1858. ","In an attempt to organize the collections in a more coherent fashion for patron use and to reflect the creator(s) in a more concise manner, the material was reevaluated and reorganized into the three sets of papers with distinct series and subseries: A\u0026M 873: Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers; A\u0026M 1858: Helen Holt (1913-2015) Papers; and A\u0026M 4218: Rush Dew Holt Family Papers.","Because of the 2016-2017 reorganization, the physical arrangement no longer matches the intellectual arrangement and series order. Furthermore, any box and folder citations created prior to the above-mentioned project are likely no longer accurate. ","For assistance locating material using an older citation, please ask a staff member of the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center.    ","Rush Dew Holt was born in Weston, West Virginia, on June 19, 1905 to parents, Dr. Matthew S. Holt and Chihela (Dew) Holt. From an early age, Holt displayed scholarly potential. By age three, he was able to read first-grade primers, and eventually became interested in numerous topics for which he was able to provide detailed statistics. Among these interests was politics, and by age six, Holt had decided he would become a Democrat.","The potential displayed by Holt as a child continued into his school years. At age five, he began public education in the second grade, and he skipped grades on two more occasions. He attended Weston High School, and after graduating with honors at age fourteen, Holt applied to the University of Cincinnati; however, the register rejected the application because Holt, while academically qualified, was considered too young. Not one to admit defeat, a trait that would prove to be a lifelong characteristic, Holt turned to West Virginia University where he was accepted. As the youngest member of the freshman class, Holt found it difficult to obtain full acceptance as a college student, and his academic record reflected his apparent dissatisfaction. After two years at West Virginia University, Holt transferred to Salem College where the enrollment was smaller (approximately 300 students) and where he was able to live with his uncle, Professor Samuel Dew. It was at Salem College that Holt regained his self-confidence. His academic performance improved, and he maintained a B-plus average. In addition to academics, Holt excelled on the debate team. He was the editor-in-chief of the school paper, and he managed the tennis team.","In 1924, Holt received a Bachelor of Arts Degree and qualification to teach at secondary schools. Shortly after his graduation, he was hired to teach at Bedford High School in Virginia where he taught English and history in addition to serving as the school's athletic director. After one academic year, Holt returned to Weston, West Virginia, where he took a position at St. Patrick's High School as the athletic director. Holt also coached the basketball team with abundant success, leading the team to two national tournaments for Catholic schools. During this time, Holt also taught history as a part-time instructor at Glenville Normal School and Salem College, but his fascination with athletics persisted. In addition to coaching and occasional officiating, Holt also began writing about sports. Eventually, he began to contribute columns to daily West Virginia newspapers.","By the late 1920s, Holt was attracted to the political environment, and he began to contribute to candidates who were friends of and/or who shared the views of his father. In the summer of 1928, Holt went one step further by announcing his candidacy as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates. Despite Lewis County having been predominately Republican, in addition to not having received significant party backing, Holt still obtained a higher-than-expected amount of support, losing his race by only 500 votes. Once again, however, Holt would not admit defeat. In 1930 Holt again announced his candidacy for the West Virginia House of Delegates. During the campaign, he visited locations all around Lewis County, spoke to anyone who would listen, and ensured that the grievances such as those concerning government cost, increased taxes, and the power of privately owned public utilities would all be addressed. As expected with any campaign, Holt received criticism, and those who opposed him likened the young politician to his father who they declared was a radical, a socialist, and an atheist. Despite the scornful claims, Holt, by a margin of 2,150 votes, was elected to his first public office as a Democrat to the West Virginia Legislature where he served from 1931-1935. During his years as a delegate, as promised during his campaign, Holt spoke out against corrupt practices such as government spending, an issue he addressed not even a week into the 1931 session. In addition to debating issues in the House, Holt also wrote to state supported universities, highway commissioners, and auditors in West Virginia and numerous other states to gather financial figures concerning spending, salaries, and taxes among others. Holt also began an investigation in 1931 to uncover rates, operating costs, and profits of privately and publically owned utility companies. All of these endeavors were only the first chapter in Holt's political career.","By 1934 he had gained the political support and the backing of union workers which was enough to defeat incumbent United States Senator Henry Hatfield. At age twenty-nine, Holt became the youngest person to win a United States Senate seat; however, there was immediate criticism. No sooner had the votes been tallied before a protest was filed concerning Holt's credentials: the fact that he had run for an office when he had not been of the required age. In addition to discontent within his own state, Holt also received overwhelming opposition in Washington, D.C. from Senate Republicans who threatened to object on the grounds of the constitutional age requirement. Despite the criticism, Holt's election was not overturned; however, he had to wait until he turned thirty, over five months after the Seventy-forth Congress had convened, before he could participate in senatorial proceedings.","Just as he had been active in the West Virginia Legislature, Holt did not hesitate to address both major and minor issues on Capitol Hill either. During his time in the Senate, Holt served on several committees including Education and Labor, Immigration, Mines and Mining, Naval Affairs, and Post Offices and Post Roads. He also served as a member of the United States delegation to the 1939 Interparliamentary Conference in Oslo, Norway.","Although Holt had once been referred to as President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's \"Golden Boy,\" such alliances and the policies that had formed them began to dissolve by 1936. He became estranged from fellow Democrat and West Virginian Senator Matthew Neely, and Holt ended his support for the United Mine Workers of America and the Works Progress Administration, the latter of which he claimed was corrupt. Eventually, Holt criticized the Roosevelt administration for its New Deal policies, he adamantly fought Roosevelt's attempt to alter the Supreme Court by changing the number of sitting justices from nine to twelve, and he spoke out against the proposition of allowing a presidential third term. Furthermore, as unrest began in Europe with Germany's invasion of Poland, Holt campaigned against any attempts by the administration to involve the United States in the War. The responses from constituents about Holt's actions were mixed; nevertheless, the young senator's sudden change led to his unsuccessful renomination attempt in 1940. Holt did not even make it past the primary election.","After his Senate term ended, Holt remained in Washington, D.C. and began to support himself as a lecturer and a writer of political issues, particularly neutrality for which he received the support of the America First Committee. It was also during this time that Holt met Helen Louise Froelich, a biology teacher at National Park College near Washington. They were married a year later and moved to West Virginia. The couple had two children: a daughter, Helen Jane Holt (born in 1945) and a son, Rush Dew Holt, Jr. (born in 1948). When Senator Holt's sister, Jane (Holt) Chase, died in 1952, the couple adopted her son, David. After the Holts returned to West Virginia in 1941, Holt stayed involved in politics by accepting speaking engagements. ","During the remainder of the 1940s, Holt ran several times for state offices with modest success. He was elected to the State House of Delegates in 1942 and was reelected in 1944 by write-in vote and 1946 without opposition. After a failed attempt to win the West Virginia Democratic gubernatorial nomination in 1944 and the nomination for United States Senator in 1948, Holt changed political affiliation. Despite this, his lack of success to achieve positions beyond the House of Delegates continued. In 1950, he won the Republican nomination to represent West Virginia's Third District in the United States House of Representatives but lost in the general election, and in 1952 Holt came very close to winning the race for West Virginia governor as the Republican candidate but lost to William Marland by fewer than 30,000 votes. Success returned in 1954 when Holt was elected to the West Virginia House of Delegates by the voters of Lewis County, but he was unable to finish his term due to illness.","Holt died on February 8, 1955 after a long, tough campaign against cancer.","Chronological List of Events:","June 19, 1905: born","1920: graduated from high school","1920-1922: attended West Virginia University","1922-1924: attended Salem College, received a BA degree ","1924-1925: taught English and history and served as athletic director at Bedford High School in Virginia","1925-1928: served as athletic director and basketball coach at St. Patrick's High School (Catholic school) in Weston, West Virginia; taught history as a part-time instructor at Glenville Normal School and Salem College; and contributed sport columns to daily West Virginia newspapers","1928: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates, lost by 500 votes ","1930: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates, won by 2,150 votes, served from 1931-1935 ","1934: ran as a Democrat for the United States Senate and won despite being only twenty-nine years old","1939: served as a member of the United States delegation to the Interparliamentary Conference in Oslo, Norway","1940: ran for renomination to the Senate, failed to win the primary election","1941: married Helen Louise Froelich","1942: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates and won, reelected in 1944, 1946, and 1948, served until 1950.","1944: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia gubernatorial nomination but was unsuccessful  ","1945: birth of Helen Jane Holt","1948: birth of Rush Dew Holt, Jr.","1948: ran as a Democrat for the United States Senate nomination but was unsuccessful ","1948: switched political affiliation to the Republican Party ","1952: ran as the Republican candidate for West Virginia Governor but lost to William Marland by fewer than 30,000 votes","1954: ran as a Republican for the West Virginia House of Delegates and won","February 8, 1955: death ","Sources:","Coffey, William Ellis.  Rush Dew Holt: The Boy Senator.  Dissertation, West Virginia University, 1970. ","A\u0026M 0873, Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.  ","1858, 3001, 3943, 4039, 4218, 4386","Papers of Rush Dew Holt, Sr. (1905-1955) relating to his personal and political activities. Types of material include publications, clippings, correspondence, photographs, and ephemera, among others. The collection is divided into six series: Personal and Political Papers (1840-2000 and undated) includes correspondence; invitations and cards; material representing campaign activities; and material from college courses, among other material that represents Rush Holt's personal life and political career; and ephemera collected by Rush Holt. Artifacts (1939-1952 and undated) includes personal and political items collected by Rush Holt. Legislative Records (1920-1955 and undated) includes correspondence, reports, publications, clippings, statistics, transcripts, financial records, and project records, among other miscellaneous material relative to Rush Holt's committee-based and general legislative activity. Constituent Services (1923-1954 and undated) includes mail received by Rush Holt during his time in the West Virginia House of Delegates and the United States Senate from constituents providing political opinions to Holt or requesting government publications and bulletins, copies of speeches, educational material, and Rush Holt's recommendation to the United States Military or Naval Academy. Press and Media Activity (1925-2003 and undated) includes original and photocopied articles from newspapers and similar publications, typescripts of press releases, pen-and-ink drawn political cartoons, transcripts of speeches, and sound recordings, among other material representing Rush Holt's involvement with the press and media. Administrative Files (1937-1940) includes material documenting the daily office activities of Rush Holt and his staff during the former's senatorial term.","The collection is divided into six series as follows:","Series 1. Personal and Political Papers; 1840-2000 and undated (bulk 1918-1955)","Includes material related to Rush Holt's personal, family, and political life. Additional material related to his work in politics can be found in Series 3 through 6. Types of material include correspondence; invitations and cards; material representing campaign activities; material from college courses; bills for recordings, radio station receipts, and election expenditures; typescripts, newsletters, manuscripts, and photocopies of material written by Rush Holt; publications to which Rush Holt subscribed and collected; photographs that represent Rush Holt's personal life and political career; ephemera collected by Rush Holt; and election results collected by Rush Holt.","Series 2. Artifacts; 1939-1952 and undated","Includes personal and political items collected by Rush Holt.","Series 3. Legislative Records; 1920-1955 and undated","Includes correspondence, reports, publications, clippings, statistics, transcripts, financial records, and project records, among other miscellaneous material relative to Rush Holt's committee-based and general legislative activity.","Series 4. Constituent Services; 1923-1954 and undated","Includes mail received by Rush Holt during his time in the West Virginia House of Delegates and the United States Senate from constituents requesting government publications and bulletins, copies of speeches, educational material, and Rush Holt's recommendation to the United States Military or Naval Academy. In some cases, this series also includes typescript responses, many of which are generic.","Series 5. Press and Media Activity; 1925-2003 and undated (bulk 1925-1955)","Includes original and photocopied articles from newspapers and similar publications, typescripts of press releases, pen-and-ink drawn political cartoons, transcripts of speeches, and sound recordings, among other material representing Rush Holt's involvement with the press and media.    ","Series 6. Administrative Files; 1937-1940","Includes material documenting the daily office activities of Rush Holt and his staff during the former's senatorial term.   ","Includes material related to Rush Holt's personal, family, and political life. Additional material related to his work in politics can be found in Series 3 through 6. Types of material include correspondence; invitations and cards; material representing campaign activities; material from college courses; bills for recordings, radio station receipts, and election expenditures; typescripts, newsletters, manuscripts, and photocopies of material written by Rush Holt; publications to which Rush Holt subscribed and collected; photographs that represent Rush Holt's personal life and political career; ephemera collected by Rush Holt; and election results collected by Rush Holt.","Includes correspondence relating to the personal and political issues of Rush Holt's life. "," Because of different original series of correspondence, in addition to maintaining this original order, the material of this series, as a whole, is not in chronological order. "," Personal correspondence topics include Rush Holt's marriage to Helen Louise Froelich, family matters such as births and deaths, holidays, Rush Holt's illness, and general correspondence with family and friends, among others."," Political correspondence topics include an anti-lynching bill which is represented by letters between Rush Holt and Walter White, former secretary for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People; the United Mine Workers of America which is represented by correspondence between Rush Holt and Frank Miley, former president of the United Mine Workers of America, District 31; and the seating issue from when Rush Holt was first elected to the Senate; among others."," Other prominent correspondents/subjects of correspondence include Joe Alderson, former WPA Director in Lewis County, West Virginia; Van A. Bittner, former president of United Mine Workers Association District 12; James A. Farley, former chairman of the Democratic National Committee; and Frank Miley, former president of the United Mine Workers of America, District 31, among others. "," Items of note include political-related correspondence with Spencer Bonaventure Tracey (located in box 229, folder 7), Louise B. Mayer (located in box 229, folder 8), Walt Disney (located in box 229, folder 9), and James Cagney (located in box 229, folder 11). Other items of note include a poem titled Rejected (not Holt's) that is set in Hell and portrays President Franklin D. Roosevelt as a sinner (located in box 238, folder 3), and a letter from President Harry S. Truman (located in box 357, folder 1)."," For correspondence directly related to Rush Holt's campaigns, please see Series 1. Personal and Political Papers—Campaign Material."," For Utility Investigating Committee-related correspondence, please see Series 3. Legislative Records—West Virginia House of Delegates Utility Investigating Committee"," For Government Costs Committee-related correspondence, please see Series 3. Legislative Records—West Virginia House of Delegates State Government Costs Committee."," For Interstate Cooperation Commission-related correspondence, please see Series 3. Legislative Records—West Virginia House of Delegates Interstate Cooperation Commission. "," For Works Progress Administration-related correspondence, please see Series 3. Legislative Records—Works Progress Administration.","Includes invitations and cards retained by Rush Holt. Also includes a small subset of Holt's responses."," Invitations represent both public and private events including graduations, weddings, and dinners, among others."," Cards are inclusive of general greeting cards, sympathy cards for the deaths of Rush Holt's parents, and get-well cards."," Significant items include invitations to attend events at the White House (located in box 312, folder 10) and an invitation to attend the 1939 World's Fair (located in box 340, folder 5)."," Included in this series are letters and telegrams that are interleaved with cards and that possess a similar theme.","Includes material representing Rush Holt's activities during his political campaigns for West Virginia and national offices."," Types of material include broadsides, correspondence, newspaper mats, publicity releases, and speeches, among others."," Items of note include certificates of election for the West Virginia House of Delegates (located in box 369, folder 1).","Includes Rush Holt's diploma from Weston High School and material from LaSalle Extension University Law and Practical Accounting courses in which Rush Holt enrolled."," Types of material include coursework, examinations, and records of final grades."," An item of note is Rush Holt's high school diploma (located in box 1, folder 6).","Includes bills for recordings, radio station receipts, and election expenditures information that Rush Holt retained."," For the sound recordings mentioned in this material in addition to other recordings by Rush Holt, please see Series 5. Press and Media Activity--Recordings.","Includes typescripts, newsletters, manuscripts, and photocopies of newspaper articles written by Rush Holt."," Typescripts include  Facts and Figures  (numbers 1-224) and  Politics in West Virginia  (numbers 1-118). These serial publications are also partially represented by the photocopied articles.  Facts and Figures  appears to be a regular column that Holt wrote from 1947 through 1953, though perhaps not continuously."," Copies of  The West Virginia Taxpayer , a newsletter written and published by Rush Holt, are also included and span from December 1948 to November 1954. Correspondence regarding support for this publication can be found in Series 4. Constituent Services—General Constituent Mail."," Manuscripts by Rush Holt include  Who's Who Among the War Mongers: Merchants of Death and Their Stooges  (located in box 306, folders 1 and 2),  The British Network: A Study of Fifth Column Activities in the United States  (located in box 306, folders 3 and 4), and  The President Moves Toward War  (located in box 339, folders 4 and 5).","Includes publications such as magazines, newsletters, bulletins, brochures, and pamphlets, among other types of publications to which Rush Holt subscribed and collected."," Topics include neutrality, war propaganda, taxes, and utilities, among others."," Publications include Uncensored, Social Justice, Public Assistance, West Virginia utility reports, and tax publications from different states, among others."," An item of note is the photocopied section of Sherwood Anderson's Puzzled America that mentions Rush Holt (located in box 370, folder 10). A copy of the whole book is available through West Virginia University's Downtown Library (call number: E806.A652 1970).","Includes photographs that represent Rush Holt's personal life and political career. Photographs depict Rush Holt and his family, among other prominent individuals."," Personal life photographs include Rush Holt's and Helen Louise Froelich's wedding and photographs taken of Rush Holt and his family during holidays and other special occasions."," Political career photographs comprise the majority of this series and represent occasions such as sessions of the West Virginia Legislature, political conventions, and campaign events including Dwight Eisenhower's \"Whistle Stop\" presidential campaign through West Virginia (located in box 370, folder 13), among others."," Prominent individuals include James Farley, former postmaster general during the first two administrations of President Franklin D. Roosevelt (signed photograph located in box 1, folder 1); individuals involved with WCHS News, including Ron Edwards; and former Vice President John N. Garner (signed photograph located in box 370, folder 16), among other politicians."," For additional photographs of Rush Holt, please see the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center's digitized OnView collection.","Includes items collected by Rush Holt such as personal nameplates, political and historical ephemera, tickets to events, and personal items, among others."," Political and historical ephemera includes an \"America First\" ribbon (located in box 341, folder 2), a campaign ribbon from the 1840 Van Buren and Johnson election (located in box 341, folder 2), and a Confederate ten dollar bill (located in box 341, folder 2)."," Tickets to events are representative of commencements and sporting events in West Virginia, the premiere of Disney's  Fantasia  in Washington, D.C., and the 1952 Republican National Convention, among others."," Personal items include material from a fraternity to which Rush Holt belonged, items (pictures, cards, licenses) from his wallets, and material from a Bible class Rush Holt taught."," The wallets from which the personal pictures, cards, and licenses were removed are located in Series 2. Artifacts.","Includes miscellaneous material collected by Rush Holt.","Types of material include newspaper clippings, reports, publications, and correspondence, and election-related records, among others.","Topics include other senators (e.g., Joe Guffey of Pennsylvania and H. D. Hatfield of West Virginia), labor, railroads, and the Supreme Court, among others.","Items of note include a certificate confirming Rush Holt's initiation into the National Society of the Sons of the American Revolution (located in box 1, loose); maps that detail election results for different offices including governor, House of Delegates, etc. in West Virginia (located in box 147, folder 8); Rush Holt's diary (located in box 166, folder 1), material relating to John L. Lewis and the Congress of Industrial Organizations (located in box 151, folders 1 to 3); a list of individuals who have sat in the same Senate desk that Rush Holt did (located in box 369, folder 13); a prayer authored by Rush Holt (located in box 372, folder 7); and material relating to the Rush Holt Endowment at West Virginia University (located in box 372, folder 8).","Includes election material collected by Holt, such as facsimile abstracts of votes, primary election results, lists of voters, and more. The main geographical focus is Lewis County, WV.","Includes personal and political items collected by Rush Holt."," Items of note include a personalized \"Holt for Governor\" license plate and a senatorial campaign button (located in box 374), a \"liberty\" embroidered cloth (located in box 4), and a West Virginia state flag (located in box 4).","Includes correspondence, reports, publications, clippings, statistics, transcripts, financial records, and project records, among other miscellaneous material relative to Rush Holt's committee-based and general legislative activity."," For records of speeches delivered in the West Virginia Legislature and the United States Senate, please see Series 5. Press and Media Activity—Speeches."," It should be noted that there exists a gap in the legislative records; thus, Rush Holt's senatorial papers are not represented as completely as those from the West Virginia House of Delegates. For material pertaining to the senatorial years, please refer to the Miscellaneous section of this series, or check the Records of the U.S. Senate at the National Archives and Records Administration.","Includes correspondence, reports, and clippings bearing primarily upon Rush Holt's activities as chairman of the Utility Investigating Committee "," The material is representative of Rush Holt's interaction with and study of utility companies throughout West Virginia and the United States."," Topics include gas, electricity, fuel rates, and municipal-owned utilities, among others."," Material of note includes testimonies of utility representatives during special hearings to examine the costs of state utilities. These hearings were held in Charleston, West Virginia between February 6, 1933 and April 11, 1933 (located in box 177, folder 1 to box 180, folder 4).","Includes correspondence, statistics, reports, and transcripts relative to Rush Holt's activity with the Government Costs Committee."," Correspondence includes letters sent and received by Rush Holt regarding expenditures for West Virginia and other states. "," Statistics and reports include information sent to and gathered by Rush Holt regarding state-owned cars in West Virginia."," Institutions and departments represented include the Department of Agriculture, West Virginia University, Huntington State Hospital, the Department of Mines, and the State Road Commission, among others."," The transcript document testimonies in the February 5 to March 1, 1943 hearings to investigate the cost of state government for which Rush Holt served as chairman. Entities represented by the testimonies include the Publicity Commission, the Bureau of Negro Welfare, the Road Commission, and the Labor Department, among others.","Includes financial records requested by and maintained by Rush Holt during his time as a member of the Interstate Cooperation Commission."," Types of records include correspondence, financial and payroll statistics, and budgetary reports, among others."," Entities represented include departments of state, governmental offices of state, educational institutions (including West Virginia University), and hospitals, among others.","Includes correspondence, payroll records, project records, and other miscellaneous material relative to the activities of the Works Progress Administration that Rush Holt gathered. It should be noted that while he was not an administrator of the Works Progress Administration, Rush Holt used his legislative position to discover and draw attention to the organization that he believed had been corrupted."," Correspondence is comprised of letters to and from Rush Holt concerning the status of projects in West Virginia counties. Also included are incoming letters from around the United States relating to Holt's speeches, actions, and beliefs concerning the Works Progress Administration."," Payroll records include copies of salaries received for positions of different projects in West Virginia counties. These records include location information, project numbers, position titles, and salary amounts."," Project records include information relating to the cost of rentals, supplies, and bids, among other project expenditures.","Includes typescripts, statistics, publications, reports, and other miscellaneous records pertaining to Rush Holt's legislative activity.","Topics represented by the material include municipal operations, education, neutrality, and immigration, among others.","Records of note include copies of the West  Virginia Legislature Journal  for the 1944 first extraordinary session of the state's House of Delegates and Senate (located in box 339, folder 14), a five-year plan for West Virginia highways (located in box 294, folder 6), and annual reports written and sent to the West Virginia Public Service Commission (located in box 296, folder 2 to box 297, folder 2)."," Additional correspondence related to Holt's legislative activity, and more general political topics, can be found in Series 1. Personal and Political Papers—Correspondence and Miscellaneous.","Includes mail received by Rush Holt during his time in the West Virginia House of Delegates and the United States Senate from constituents requesting government publications and bulletins, copies of speeches, educational material, and Rush Holt's recommendation to the United States Military or Naval Academy. In some cases, this series also includes typescript responses, many of which are generic.","Includes constituent mail received and sent by Rush Holt during his time in the West Virginia House of Delegates and the United States Senate. ","Because of different original series of correspondence (including general correspondence, second copies, and correspondence sorted by topic), in addition to maintaining this original order, the material of this series, as a whole, is not in chronological order. It should also be noted that the letters that have been sorted by topic are not a complete representation of that subject. ","Topics include World War II, neutrality, political issues (such as the Supreme Court proposed alteration, Rush Holt's age at the time of his election to the Senate, presidential third terms, etc.), state construction projects (such as roads and infrastructure), and state programs and relief efforts for issues such as the 1936 silicosis incident in West Virginia, among others.","General correspondence is arranged chronologically, then foldered by first letter of last name. It includes basic requests for material, facts, or brief opinions. Copies of typescript responses are stapled to the original constituent letter. ","Second copies correspondence is arranged chronologically, but it contains only the typescript copies of Rush Holt's responses. For some, the first copy typescript and original letter are located in general correspondence; however, others are not. ","Supreme Court correspondence is organized into two groups: Individuals for and against the proposed change. Attached to the initial letters from constituents is Rush Holt's response, and for those against the change, there are also form letters offering a publication commemorating the 150th anniversary of the first congressional meeting. ","There are also a few boxes of  West Virginia Taxpayer  correspondence that include outgoing typescript copies of letters, mostly letters of thanks and solicitation for donations/subscription to support Holt's newsletter/publication, the  West Virginia Taxpayer . There is a small amount of incoming correspondence as well. Copies of this publication can be found in Series 1. Personal and Political Papers, Publications."," For an example of a constituent mail log, please see Series 6. Administrative Files."," Additional constituent mail may also be found in Series 1. Personal and Political Papers—Correspondence.","Includes copies of correspondence between Rush Holt and constituents asking for the former's recommendation to the United States Military Academy (West Point) or Naval Academy (Annapolis).","Includes constituent letters asking for government publications and bulletins, copies of speeches, and educational material. The material is generally separated by date and state or correspondent."," Requests for government publications and bulletins include a mixture of educational and personal use requests for publications such as the  Agricultural Yearbook  and the  Farmer's Bulletin . Also included are requests for publications about political topics (e.g. a presidential third term)."," Requests for speeches include letters from constituents reflecting their opinions about Rush Holt's speeches in addition to asking for copies. Topics of speeches requested include World War II (particularly the \"Youth Faces War\" and \"Keep America Neutral\" speeches), the Works Progress Administration, the Supreme Court issue, the Conscription bill, and the Burke-Wardsworth bill, among others. "," Requests for educational material are primarily from teachers and students asking Rush Holt for material to support curriculum activities. Subjects represented include vocational school topics and issues, West Virginia and United States geography, and United States commerce, among others.","Includes original and photocopied articles from newspapers and similar publications, typescripts of press releases, pen-and-ink drawn political cartoons, transcripts of speeches, and sound recordings, among other material representing Rush Holt's involvement with the press and media.","Includes both original and photocopied articles from newspapers and similar publications retained by Rush Holt. Entire issues are also included in this series. Some clippings have been pasted into scrapbooks."," Topics represented are a combination of personal and political interests. "," Personal topics include Rush Holt's wedding to Helen Louise Froelich, the Holt family, and the Rush Holt History Conference at West Virginia University (1998-2003), among others."," Political topics include Rush Holt's campaigns and elections, the Congress of Industrial Organizations, the Works Progress Administration, and neutrality issues, among others.","Includes copies of typed press releases regarding speeches delivered by Rush Holt, or those with similar opinions, throughout his political career. "," Topics addressed include neutrality, foreign policy, social security, and the presidential third term issue, among others.","Includes pen and ink drawings by a variety of artists for political cartoons documenting news issues of the day including the West Virginia politics, President Franklin D. Roosevelt, World War II, and isolationism, among others."," Twenty-three of these cartoons were used for a campaign booklet advocating Rush Holt's candidacy for governor of West Virginia (1952)."," To see digitized copies of these Holt political cartoons, please visit the Rush Holt Political Cartoons digital collection: https://holt.lib.wvu.edu/?utf8=%E2%9C%93\u0026search_field=all_fields\u0026q.","Includes material documenting the daily office activities of Rush Holt and his staff during the former's senatorial term. "," Types of material include daily reports, lists of letters received requesting information, and records of work performed by the office staff. "," Daily reports document visits, appointments, and calls to Rush Holt's office for the periods of December 6, 1937 to December 31, 1938, the entire year of 1939, and January 3, 1940 to November 9, 1940."," Lists of letters received provide a chronological register of constituents' writings to Rush Holt between 1939 and 1940. It should be noted, however, that these records provide only basic information and do not indicate the subject of the correspondence. "," Records of work performed provide documentation of tasks completed by Rush Holt's Senate office employees. It should be noted that these records, while detailed, are limited to the first half of 1940 (January to June). "," For an example of outgoing political form letters, mass mailings, and mailing lists, see Series 4. Constituent Services—General Constituent Mail (boxes 291 and 292).","Ephemeral items not specific to Rush Dew Holt were moved to the Printed Ephemera Collection. Several local basketball scorecards were moved to A\u0026M 4216, the Annual West Virginia State High School Basketball Tournament Programs collection.","17 reels of undated sound recordings, chiefly relating to the political career of Rush Dew Holt, were separated to the oral history collection, C432 R699-R715 (17 tapes). These tapes include some personal material as well.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Papers of Rush Dew Holt, Sr. (1905-1955) relating to his personal and political activities. Types of material include publications, clippings, correspondence, photographs, and ephemera, among others. The collection is divided into six series: Personal and Political Papers (1840-2000 and undated), Artifacts (1939-1952 and undated), Legislative Records (1920-1955 and undated), Constituent Services (1923-1954 and undated), Press and Media Activity (1925-2003 and undated), and Administrative Files (1937-1940).","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","America First Committee","American Federation of Labor","Congress of Industrial Organizations (U.S.)","United States. National Bituminous Coal Commission","United States. National Labor Relations Board","Progressive Mine Workers of America","United Mine Workers of America","United States. National Recovery Administration","United States. Supreme Court","United States. Congress. Senate","West Virginia. Legislature","United States. Works Progress Administration","Democratic Party (U.S.)","Weston State Hospital","Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955","Bittner, Van A. (Van Amberg), 1885-1949","Black, Hugo LaFayette, 1886-1971","Coughlin, Charles E.","Edmiston, Andrew.","Farley, James A. (James Aloysius), 1888-1976","Green, William.","Holt, Helen Louise Froelich, 1913-2015","Holt, Mathew S., 1850-1939","Hopkins, Harry L. (Harry Lloyd), 1890-1946","Ickes, Harold L. (Harold LeClair), 1874-1952","Kump, Herman Guy, 1877-1962","La Follette, Robert M. (Robert Marion), 1855-1925","Neely, Matthew Mansfield, 1874-1958","Lewis, John L. (John Llewellyn), 1880-1969","Long, Huey Pierce, 1893-1935","English"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 0873","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/3687"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Lewis County.","West Virginia -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government"],"geogname_ssim":["Lewis County.","West Virginia -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government"],"creator_ssm":["Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955"],"creator_ssim":["Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955"],"creators_ssim":["Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955"],"places_ssim":["Lewis County.","West Virginia -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gifts of Holt, Helen F., 1956-2016."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Coal mining - Labor organization.","Education","Elections","Guffey Coal Act.","New Deal, 1933-1939","Politics and government.","Public utilities","Taxation","Unions.","United States - Social Security.","Social Security -- United States","Wheeler-Rayburn Holding Company Act","Isolationism -- United States -- History -- 20th Century","World War, 1939-1945","Politicians -- United States"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Coal mining - Labor organization.","Education","Elections","Guffey Coal Act.","New Deal, 1933-1939","Politics and government.","Public utilities","Taxation","Unions.","United States - Social Security.","Social Security -- United States","Wheeler-Rayburn Holding Company Act","Isolationism -- United States -- History -- 20th Century","World War, 1939-1945","Politicians -- United States"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["156.21 Linear Feet 156 ft. 2 1/2 in. (360 document cases, 5 in. each); (1 document case, 4 in.); (14 document cases, 2 1/2 in.); (1 flat storage box, 5 in.); (1 flat storage box, 3 1/2 in.); (2 flat storage boxes, 3 in. each); (3 flat storage boxes, 2 1/2 in. each); (9 flat storage boxes, 1 1/2 in. each); (\n44 photos in photograph filing cabinets)","11.7 Gigabytes 131 TIFF files, 2 PDF files"],"extent_tesim":["156.21 Linear Feet 156 ft. 2 1/2 in. (360 document cases, 5 in. each); (1 document case, 4 in.); (14 document cases, 2 1/2 in.); (1 flat storage box, 5 in.); (1 flat storage box, 3 1/2 in.); (2 flat storage boxes, 3 in. each); (3 flat storage boxes, 2 1/2 in. each); (9 flat storage boxes, 1 1/2 in. each); (\n44 photos in photograph filing cabinets)","11.7 Gigabytes 131 TIFF files, 2 PDF files"],"date_range_isim":[1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp style=\"color: red;\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is one of five (see also A\u0026amp;M 1858, 4218, 4039, and 3943) pertaining to Rush Dew Holt, Sr. and his family. The records have been gathered via multiple accruals from 1956 to 2016. Originally, these collections were divided between A\u0026amp;M 873 and A\u0026amp;M 1701, the latter also being composed of thirteen addenda and A\u0026amp;M 1858. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn an attempt to organize the collections in a more coherent fashion for patron use and to reflect the creator(s) in a more concise manner, the material was reevaluated and reorganized into the three sets of papers with distinct series and subseries: A\u0026amp;M 873: Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers; A\u0026amp;M 1858: Helen Holt (1913-2015) Papers; and A\u0026amp;M 4218: Rush Dew Holt Family Papers.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBecause of the 2016-2017 reorganization, the physical arrangement no longer matches the intellectual arrangement and series order. Furthermore, any box and folder citations created prior to the above-mentioned project are likely no longer accurate. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFor assistance locating material using an older citation, please ask a staff member of the West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center.    \u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is one of five (see also A\u0026M 1858, 4218, 4039, and 3943) pertaining to Rush Dew Holt, Sr. and his family. The records have been gathered via multiple accruals from 1956 to 2016. Originally, these collections were divided between A\u0026M 873 and A\u0026M 1701, the latter also being composed of thirteen addenda and A\u0026M 1858. ","In an attempt to organize the collections in a more coherent fashion for patron use and to reflect the creator(s) in a more concise manner, the material was reevaluated and reorganized into the three sets of papers with distinct series and subseries: A\u0026M 873: Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers; A\u0026M 1858: Helen Holt (1913-2015) Papers; and A\u0026M 4218: Rush Dew Holt Family Papers.","Because of the 2016-2017 reorganization, the physical arrangement no longer matches the intellectual arrangement and series order. Furthermore, any box and folder citations created prior to the above-mentioned project are likely no longer accurate. ","For assistance locating material using an older citation, please ask a staff member of the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center.    "],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRush Dew Holt was born in Weston, West Virginia, on June 19, 1905 to parents, Dr. Matthew S. Holt and Chihela (Dew) Holt. From an early age, Holt displayed scholarly potential. By age three, he was able to read first-grade primers, and eventually became interested in numerous topics for which he was able to provide detailed statistics. Among these interests was politics, and by age six, Holt had decided he would become a Democrat.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe potential displayed by Holt as a child continued into his school years. At age five, he began public education in the second grade, and he skipped grades on two more occasions. He attended Weston High School, and after graduating with honors at age fourteen, Holt applied to the University of Cincinnati; however, the register rejected the application because Holt, while academically qualified, was considered too young. Not one to admit defeat, a trait that would prove to be a lifelong characteristic, Holt turned to West Virginia University where he was accepted. As the youngest member of the freshman class, Holt found it difficult to obtain full acceptance as a college student, and his academic record reflected his apparent dissatisfaction. After two years at West Virginia University, Holt transferred to Salem College where the enrollment was smaller (approximately 300 students) and where he was able to live with his uncle, Professor Samuel Dew. It was at Salem College that Holt regained his self-confidence. His academic performance improved, and he maintained a B-plus average. In addition to academics, Holt excelled on the debate team. He was the editor-in-chief of the school paper, and he managed the tennis team.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1924, Holt received a Bachelor of Arts Degree and qualification to teach at secondary schools. Shortly after his graduation, he was hired to teach at Bedford High School in Virginia where he taught English and history in addition to serving as the school's athletic director. After one academic year, Holt returned to Weston, West Virginia, where he took a position at St. Patrick's High School as the athletic director. Holt also coached the basketball team with abundant success, leading the team to two national tournaments for Catholic schools. During this time, Holt also taught history as a part-time instructor at Glenville Normal School and Salem College, but his fascination with athletics persisted. In addition to coaching and occasional officiating, Holt also began writing about sports. Eventually, he began to contribute columns to daily West Virginia newspapers.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBy the late 1920s, Holt was attracted to the political environment, and he began to contribute to candidates who were friends of and/or who shared the views of his father. In the summer of 1928, Holt went one step further by announcing his candidacy as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates. Despite Lewis County having been predominately Republican, in addition to not having received significant party backing, Holt still obtained a higher-than-expected amount of support, losing his race by only 500 votes. Once again, however, Holt would not admit defeat. In 1930 Holt again announced his candidacy for the West Virginia House of Delegates. During the campaign, he visited locations all around Lewis County, spoke to anyone who would listen, and ensured that the grievances such as those concerning government cost, increased taxes, and the power of privately owned public utilities would all be addressed. As expected with any campaign, Holt received criticism, and those who opposed him likened the young politician to his father who they declared was a radical, a socialist, and an atheist. Despite the scornful claims, Holt, by a margin of 2,150 votes, was elected to his first public office as a Democrat to the West Virginia Legislature where he served from 1931-1935. During his years as a delegate, as promised during his campaign, Holt spoke out against corrupt practices such as government spending, an issue he addressed not even a week into the 1931 session. In addition to debating issues in the House, Holt also wrote to state supported universities, highway commissioners, and auditors in West Virginia and numerous other states to gather financial figures concerning spending, salaries, and taxes among others. Holt also began an investigation in 1931 to uncover rates, operating costs, and profits of privately and publically owned utility companies. All of these endeavors were only the first chapter in Holt's political career.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBy 1934 he had gained the political support and the backing of union workers which was enough to defeat incumbent United States Senator Henry Hatfield. At age twenty-nine, Holt became the youngest person to win a United States Senate seat; however, there was immediate criticism. No sooner had the votes been tallied before a protest was filed concerning Holt's credentials: the fact that he had run for an office when he had not been of the required age. In addition to discontent within his own state, Holt also received overwhelming opposition in Washington, D.C. from Senate Republicans who threatened to object on the grounds of the constitutional age requirement. Despite the criticism, Holt's election was not overturned; however, he had to wait until he turned thirty, over five months after the Seventy-forth Congress had convened, before he could participate in senatorial proceedings.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJust as he had been active in the West Virginia Legislature, Holt did not hesitate to address both major and minor issues on Capitol Hill either. During his time in the Senate, Holt served on several committees including Education and Labor, Immigration, Mines and Mining, Naval Affairs, and Post Offices and Post Roads. He also served as a member of the United States delegation to the 1939 Interparliamentary Conference in Oslo, Norway.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlthough Holt had once been referred to as President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's \"Golden Boy,\" such alliances and the policies that had formed them began to dissolve by 1936. He became estranged from fellow Democrat and West Virginian Senator Matthew Neely, and Holt ended his support for the United Mine Workers of America and the Works Progress Administration, the latter of which he claimed was corrupt. Eventually, Holt criticized the Roosevelt administration for its New Deal policies, he adamantly fought Roosevelt's attempt to alter the Supreme Court by changing the number of sitting justices from nine to twelve, and he spoke out against the proposition of allowing a presidential third term. Furthermore, as unrest began in Europe with Germany's invasion of Poland, Holt campaigned against any attempts by the administration to involve the United States in the War. The responses from constituents about Holt's actions were mixed; nevertheless, the young senator's sudden change led to his unsuccessful renomination attempt in 1940. Holt did not even make it past the primary election.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter his Senate term ended, Holt remained in Washington, D.C. and began to support himself as a lecturer and a writer of political issues, particularly neutrality for which he received the support of the America First Committee. It was also during this time that Holt met Helen Louise Froelich, a biology teacher at National Park College near Washington. They were married a year later and moved to West Virginia. The couple had two children: a daughter, Helen Jane Holt (born in 1945) and a son, Rush Dew Holt, Jr. (born in 1948). When Senator Holt's sister, Jane (Holt) Chase, died in 1952, the couple adopted her son, David. After the Holts returned to West Virginia in 1941, Holt stayed involved in politics by accepting speaking engagements. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDuring the remainder of the 1940s, Holt ran several times for state offices with modest success. He was elected to the State House of Delegates in 1942 and was reelected in 1944 by write-in vote and 1946 without opposition. After a failed attempt to win the West Virginia Democratic gubernatorial nomination in 1944 and the nomination for United States Senator in 1948, Holt changed political affiliation. Despite this, his lack of success to achieve positions beyond the House of Delegates continued. In 1950, he won the Republican nomination to represent West Virginia's Third District in the United States House of Representatives but lost in the general election, and in 1952 Holt came very close to winning the race for West Virginia governor as the Republican candidate but lost to William Marland by fewer than 30,000 votes. Success returned in 1954 when Holt was elected to the West Virginia House of Delegates by the voters of Lewis County, but he was unable to finish his term due to illness.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHolt died on February 8, 1955 after a long, tough campaign against cancer.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eChronological List of Events:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 19, 1905: born\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1920: graduated from high school\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1920-1922: attended West Virginia University\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1922-1924: attended Salem College, received a BA degree \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1924-1925: taught English and history and served as athletic director at Bedford High School in Virginia\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1925-1928: served as athletic director and basketball coach at St. Patrick's High School (Catholic school) in Weston, West Virginia; taught history as a part-time instructor at Glenville Normal School and Salem College; and contributed sport columns to daily West Virginia newspapers\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1928: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates, lost by 500 votes \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1930: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates, won by 2,150 votes, served from 1931-1935 \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1934: ran as a Democrat for the United States Senate and won despite being only twenty-nine years old\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1939: served as a member of the United States delegation to the Interparliamentary Conference in Oslo, Norway\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1940: ran for renomination to the Senate, failed to win the primary election\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1941: married Helen Louise Froelich\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1942: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates and won, reelected in 1944, 1946, and 1948, served until 1950.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1944: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia gubernatorial nomination but was unsuccessful  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1945: birth of Helen Jane Holt\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1948: birth of Rush Dew Holt, Jr.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1948: ran as a Democrat for the United States Senate nomination but was unsuccessful \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1948: switched political affiliation to the Republican Party \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1952: ran as the Republican candidate for West Virginia Governor but lost to William Marland by fewer than 30,000 votes\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1954: ran as a Republican for the West Virginia House of Delegates and won\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 8, 1955: death \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSources:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCoffey, William Ellis. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eRush Dew Holt: The Boy Senator.\u003c/emph\u003e Dissertation, West Virginia University, 1970. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA\u0026amp;M 0873, Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.  \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Rush Dew Holt was born in Weston, West Virginia, on June 19, 1905 to parents, Dr. Matthew S. Holt and Chihela (Dew) Holt. From an early age, Holt displayed scholarly potential. By age three, he was able to read first-grade primers, and eventually became interested in numerous topics for which he was able to provide detailed statistics. Among these interests was politics, and by age six, Holt had decided he would become a Democrat.","The potential displayed by Holt as a child continued into his school years. At age five, he began public education in the second grade, and he skipped grades on two more occasions. He attended Weston High School, and after graduating with honors at age fourteen, Holt applied to the University of Cincinnati; however, the register rejected the application because Holt, while academically qualified, was considered too young. Not one to admit defeat, a trait that would prove to be a lifelong characteristic, Holt turned to West Virginia University where he was accepted. As the youngest member of the freshman class, Holt found it difficult to obtain full acceptance as a college student, and his academic record reflected his apparent dissatisfaction. After two years at West Virginia University, Holt transferred to Salem College where the enrollment was smaller (approximately 300 students) and where he was able to live with his uncle, Professor Samuel Dew. It was at Salem College that Holt regained his self-confidence. His academic performance improved, and he maintained a B-plus average. In addition to academics, Holt excelled on the debate team. He was the editor-in-chief of the school paper, and he managed the tennis team.","In 1924, Holt received a Bachelor of Arts Degree and qualification to teach at secondary schools. Shortly after his graduation, he was hired to teach at Bedford High School in Virginia where he taught English and history in addition to serving as the school's athletic director. After one academic year, Holt returned to Weston, West Virginia, where he took a position at St. Patrick's High School as the athletic director. Holt also coached the basketball team with abundant success, leading the team to two national tournaments for Catholic schools. During this time, Holt also taught history as a part-time instructor at Glenville Normal School and Salem College, but his fascination with athletics persisted. In addition to coaching and occasional officiating, Holt also began writing about sports. Eventually, he began to contribute columns to daily West Virginia newspapers.","By the late 1920s, Holt was attracted to the political environment, and he began to contribute to candidates who were friends of and/or who shared the views of his father. In the summer of 1928, Holt went one step further by announcing his candidacy as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates. Despite Lewis County having been predominately Republican, in addition to not having received significant party backing, Holt still obtained a higher-than-expected amount of support, losing his race by only 500 votes. Once again, however, Holt would not admit defeat. In 1930 Holt again announced his candidacy for the West Virginia House of Delegates. During the campaign, he visited locations all around Lewis County, spoke to anyone who would listen, and ensured that the grievances such as those concerning government cost, increased taxes, and the power of privately owned public utilities would all be addressed. As expected with any campaign, Holt received criticism, and those who opposed him likened the young politician to his father who they declared was a radical, a socialist, and an atheist. Despite the scornful claims, Holt, by a margin of 2,150 votes, was elected to his first public office as a Democrat to the West Virginia Legislature where he served from 1931-1935. During his years as a delegate, as promised during his campaign, Holt spoke out against corrupt practices such as government spending, an issue he addressed not even a week into the 1931 session. In addition to debating issues in the House, Holt also wrote to state supported universities, highway commissioners, and auditors in West Virginia and numerous other states to gather financial figures concerning spending, salaries, and taxes among others. Holt also began an investigation in 1931 to uncover rates, operating costs, and profits of privately and publically owned utility companies. All of these endeavors were only the first chapter in Holt's political career.","By 1934 he had gained the political support and the backing of union workers which was enough to defeat incumbent United States Senator Henry Hatfield. At age twenty-nine, Holt became the youngest person to win a United States Senate seat; however, there was immediate criticism. No sooner had the votes been tallied before a protest was filed concerning Holt's credentials: the fact that he had run for an office when he had not been of the required age. In addition to discontent within his own state, Holt also received overwhelming opposition in Washington, D.C. from Senate Republicans who threatened to object on the grounds of the constitutional age requirement. Despite the criticism, Holt's election was not overturned; however, he had to wait until he turned thirty, over five months after the Seventy-forth Congress had convened, before he could participate in senatorial proceedings.","Just as he had been active in the West Virginia Legislature, Holt did not hesitate to address both major and minor issues on Capitol Hill either. During his time in the Senate, Holt served on several committees including Education and Labor, Immigration, Mines and Mining, Naval Affairs, and Post Offices and Post Roads. He also served as a member of the United States delegation to the 1939 Interparliamentary Conference in Oslo, Norway.","Although Holt had once been referred to as President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's \"Golden Boy,\" such alliances and the policies that had formed them began to dissolve by 1936. He became estranged from fellow Democrat and West Virginian Senator Matthew Neely, and Holt ended his support for the United Mine Workers of America and the Works Progress Administration, the latter of which he claimed was corrupt. Eventually, Holt criticized the Roosevelt administration for its New Deal policies, he adamantly fought Roosevelt's attempt to alter the Supreme Court by changing the number of sitting justices from nine to twelve, and he spoke out against the proposition of allowing a presidential third term. Furthermore, as unrest began in Europe with Germany's invasion of Poland, Holt campaigned against any attempts by the administration to involve the United States in the War. The responses from constituents about Holt's actions were mixed; nevertheless, the young senator's sudden change led to his unsuccessful renomination attempt in 1940. Holt did not even make it past the primary election.","After his Senate term ended, Holt remained in Washington, D.C. and began to support himself as a lecturer and a writer of political issues, particularly neutrality for which he received the support of the America First Committee. It was also during this time that Holt met Helen Louise Froelich, a biology teacher at National Park College near Washington. They were married a year later and moved to West Virginia. The couple had two children: a daughter, Helen Jane Holt (born in 1945) and a son, Rush Dew Holt, Jr. (born in 1948). When Senator Holt's sister, Jane (Holt) Chase, died in 1952, the couple adopted her son, David. After the Holts returned to West Virginia in 1941, Holt stayed involved in politics by accepting speaking engagements. ","During the remainder of the 1940s, Holt ran several times for state offices with modest success. He was elected to the State House of Delegates in 1942 and was reelected in 1944 by write-in vote and 1946 without opposition. After a failed attempt to win the West Virginia Democratic gubernatorial nomination in 1944 and the nomination for United States Senator in 1948, Holt changed political affiliation. Despite this, his lack of success to achieve positions beyond the House of Delegates continued. In 1950, he won the Republican nomination to represent West Virginia's Third District in the United States House of Representatives but lost in the general election, and in 1952 Holt came very close to winning the race for West Virginia governor as the Republican candidate but lost to William Marland by fewer than 30,000 votes. Success returned in 1954 when Holt was elected to the West Virginia House of Delegates by the voters of Lewis County, but he was unable to finish his term due to illness.","Holt died on February 8, 1955 after a long, tough campaign against cancer.","Chronological List of Events:","June 19, 1905: born","1920: graduated from high school","1920-1922: attended West Virginia University","1922-1924: attended Salem College, received a BA degree ","1924-1925: taught English and history and served as athletic director at Bedford High School in Virginia","1925-1928: served as athletic director and basketball coach at St. Patrick's High School (Catholic school) in Weston, West Virginia; taught history as a part-time instructor at Glenville Normal School and Salem College; and contributed sport columns to daily West Virginia newspapers","1928: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates, lost by 500 votes ","1930: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates, won by 2,150 votes, served from 1931-1935 ","1934: ran as a Democrat for the United States Senate and won despite being only twenty-nine years old","1939: served as a member of the United States delegation to the Interparliamentary Conference in Oslo, Norway","1940: ran for renomination to the Senate, failed to win the primary election","1941: married Helen Louise Froelich","1942: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates and won, reelected in 1944, 1946, and 1948, served until 1950.","1944: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia gubernatorial nomination but was unsuccessful  ","1945: birth of Helen Jane Holt","1948: birth of Rush Dew Holt, Jr.","1948: ran as a Democrat for the United States Senate nomination but was unsuccessful ","1948: switched political affiliation to the Republican Party ","1952: ran as the Republican candidate for West Virginia Governor but lost to William Marland by fewer than 30,000 votes","1954: ran as a Republican for the West Virginia House of Delegates and won","February 8, 1955: death ","Sources:","Coffey, William Ellis.  Rush Dew Holt: The Boy Senator.  Dissertation, West Virginia University, 1970. ","A\u0026M 0873, Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.  "],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers, A\u0026amp;M 0873, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers, A\u0026M 0873, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e1858, 3001, 3943, 4039, 4218, 4386\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related A\u0026M Collections"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["1858, 3001, 3943, 4039, 4218, 4386"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers of Rush Dew Holt, Sr. (1905-1955) relating to his personal and political activities. Types of material include publications, clippings, correspondence, photographs, and ephemera, among others. The collection is divided into six series: Personal and Political Papers (1840-2000 and undated) includes correspondence; invitations and cards; material representing campaign activities; and material from college courses, among other material that represents Rush Holt's personal life and political career; and ephemera collected by Rush Holt. Artifacts (1939-1952 and undated) includes personal and political items collected by Rush Holt. Legislative Records (1920-1955 and undated) includes correspondence, reports, publications, clippings, statistics, transcripts, financial records, and project records, among other miscellaneous material relative to Rush Holt's committee-based and general legislative activity. Constituent Services (1923-1954 and undated) includes mail received by Rush Holt during his time in the West Virginia House of Delegates and the United States Senate from constituents providing political opinions to Holt or requesting government publications and bulletins, copies of speeches, educational material, and Rush Holt's recommendation to the United States Military or Naval Academy. Press and Media Activity (1925-2003 and undated) includes original and photocopied articles from newspapers and similar publications, typescripts of press releases, pen-and-ink drawn political cartoons, transcripts of speeches, and sound recordings, among other material representing Rush Holt's involvement with the press and media. Administrative Files (1937-1940) includes material documenting the daily office activities of Rush Holt and his staff during the former's senatorial term.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into six series as follows:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 1. Personal and Political Papers; 1840-2000 and undated (bulk 1918-1955)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIncludes material related to Rush Holt's personal, family, and political life. Additional material related to his work in politics can be found in Series 3 through 6. Types of material include correspondence; invitations and cards; material representing campaign activities; material from college courses; bills for recordings, radio station receipts, and election expenditures; typescripts, newsletters, manuscripts, and photocopies of material written by Rush Holt; publications to which Rush Holt subscribed and collected; photographs that represent Rush Holt's personal life and political career; ephemera collected by Rush Holt; and election results collected by Rush Holt.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 2. Artifacts; 1939-1952 and undated\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIncludes personal and political items collected by Rush Holt.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 3. Legislative Records; 1920-1955 and undated\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIncludes correspondence, reports, publications, clippings, statistics, transcripts, financial records, and project records, among other miscellaneous material relative to Rush Holt's committee-based and general legislative activity.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 4. Constituent Services; 1923-1954 and undated\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIncludes mail received by Rush Holt during his time in the West Virginia House of Delegates and the United States Senate from constituents requesting government publications and bulletins, copies of speeches, educational material, and Rush Holt's recommendation to the United States Military or Naval Academy. In some cases, this series also includes typescript responses, many of which are generic.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 5. Press and Media Activity; 1925-2003 and undated (bulk 1925-1955)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIncludes original and photocopied articles from newspapers and similar publications, typescripts of press releases, pen-and-ink drawn political cartoons, transcripts of speeches, and sound recordings, among other material representing Rush Holt's involvement with the press and media.    \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 6. Administrative Files; 1937-1940\u003c/emph\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIncludes material documenting the daily office activities of Rush Holt and his staff during the former's senatorial term.   \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes material related to Rush Holt's personal, family, and political life. Additional material related to his work in politics can be found in Series 3 through 6. Types of material include correspondence; invitations and cards; material representing campaign activities; material from college courses; bills for recordings, radio station receipts, and election expenditures; typescripts, newsletters, manuscripts, and photocopies of material written by Rush Holt; publications to which Rush Holt subscribed and collected; photographs that represent Rush Holt's personal life and political career; ephemera collected by Rush Holt; and election results collected by Rush Holt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes correspondence relating to the personal and political issues of Rush Holt's life. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Because of different original series of correspondence, in addition to maintaining this original order, the material of this series, as a whole, is not in chronological order. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Personal correspondence topics include Rush Holt's marriage to Helen Louise Froelich, family matters such as births and deaths, holidays, Rush Holt's illness, and general correspondence with family and friends, among others.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Political correspondence topics include an anti-lynching bill which is represented by letters between Rush Holt and Walter White, former secretary for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People; the United Mine Workers of America which is represented by correspondence between Rush Holt and Frank Miley, former president of the United Mine Workers of America, District 31; and the seating issue from when Rush Holt was first elected to the Senate; among others.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Other prominent correspondents/subjects of correspondence include Joe Alderson, former WPA Director in Lewis County, West Virginia; Van A. Bittner, former president of United Mine Workers Association District 12; James A. Farley, former chairman of the Democratic National Committee; and Frank Miley, former president of the United Mine Workers of America, District 31, among others. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Items of note include political-related correspondence with Spencer Bonaventure Tracey (located in box 229, folder 7), Louise B. Mayer (located in box 229, folder 8), Walt Disney (located in box 229, folder 9), and James Cagney (located in box 229, folder 11). Other items of note include a poem titled Rejected (not Holt's) that is set in Hell and portrays President Franklin D. Roosevelt as a sinner (located in box 238, folder 3), and a letter from President Harry S. Truman (located in box 357, folder 1).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e For correspondence directly related to Rush Holt's campaigns, please see Series 1. Personal and Political Papers—Campaign Material.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e For Utility Investigating Committee-related correspondence, please see Series 3. Legislative Records—West Virginia House of Delegates Utility Investigating Committee\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e For Government Costs Committee-related correspondence, please see Series 3. Legislative Records—West Virginia House of Delegates State Government Costs Committee.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e For Interstate Cooperation Commission-related correspondence, please see Series 3. Legislative Records—West Virginia House of Delegates Interstate Cooperation Commission. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e For Works Progress Administration-related correspondence, please see Series 3. Legislative Records—Works Progress Administration.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes invitations and cards retained by Rush Holt. Also includes a small subset of Holt's responses.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Invitations represent both public and private events including graduations, weddings, and dinners, among others.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Cards are inclusive of general greeting cards, sympathy cards for the deaths of Rush Holt's parents, and get-well cards.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Significant items include invitations to attend events at the White House (located in box 312, folder 10) and an invitation to attend the 1939 World's Fair (located in box 340, folder 5).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Included in this series are letters and telegrams that are interleaved with cards and that possess a similar theme.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes material representing Rush Holt's activities during his political campaigns for West Virginia and national offices.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Types of material include broadsides, correspondence, newspaper mats, publicity releases, and speeches, among others.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Items of note include certificates of election for the West Virginia House of Delegates (located in box 369, folder 1).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes Rush Holt's diploma from Weston High School and material from LaSalle Extension University Law and Practical Accounting courses in which Rush Holt enrolled.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Types of material include coursework, examinations, and records of final grades.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e An item of note is Rush Holt's high school diploma (located in box 1, folder 6).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes bills for recordings, radio station receipts, and election expenditures information that Rush Holt retained.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e For the sound recordings mentioned in this material in addition to other recordings by Rush Holt, please see Series 5. Press and Media Activity--Recordings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes typescripts, newsletters, manuscripts, and photocopies of newspaper articles written by Rush Holt.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Typescripts include \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eFacts and Figures\u003c/emph\u003e (numbers 1-224) and \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003ePolitics in West Virginia\u003c/emph\u003e (numbers 1-118). These serial publications are also partially represented by the photocopied articles. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eFacts and Figures\u003c/emph\u003e appears to be a regular column that Holt wrote from 1947 through 1953, though perhaps not continuously.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Copies of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe West Virginia Taxpayer\u003c/emph\u003e, a newsletter written and published by Rush Holt, are also included and span from December 1948 to November 1954. Correspondence regarding support for this publication can be found in Series 4. Constituent Services—General Constituent Mail.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Manuscripts by Rush Holt include \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eWho's Who Among the War Mongers: Merchants of Death and Their Stooges\u003c/emph\u003e (located in box 306, folders 1 and 2), \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe British Network: A Study of Fifth Column Activities in the United States\u003c/emph\u003e (located in box 306, folders 3 and 4), and \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe President Moves Toward War\u003c/emph\u003e (located in box 339, folders 4 and 5).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes publications such as magazines, newsletters, bulletins, brochures, and pamphlets, among other types of publications to which Rush Holt subscribed and collected.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Topics include neutrality, war propaganda, taxes, and utilities, among others.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Publications include Uncensored, Social Justice, Public Assistance, West Virginia utility reports, and tax publications from different states, among others.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e An item of note is the photocopied section of Sherwood Anderson's Puzzled America that mentions Rush Holt (located in box 370, folder 10). A copy of the whole book is available through West Virginia University's Downtown Library (call number: E806.A652 1970).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes photographs that represent Rush Holt's personal life and political career. Photographs depict Rush Holt and his family, among other prominent individuals.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Personal life photographs include Rush Holt's and Helen Louise Froelich's wedding and photographs taken of Rush Holt and his family during holidays and other special occasions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Political career photographs comprise the majority of this series and represent occasions such as sessions of the West Virginia Legislature, political conventions, and campaign events including Dwight Eisenhower's \"Whistle Stop\" presidential campaign through West Virginia (located in box 370, folder 13), among others.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Prominent individuals include James Farley, former postmaster general during the first two administrations of President Franklin D. Roosevelt (signed photograph located in box 1, folder 1); individuals involved with WCHS News, including Ron Edwards; and former Vice President John N. Garner (signed photograph located in box 370, folder 16), among other politicians.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e For additional photographs of Rush Holt, please see the West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center's digitized OnView collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes items collected by Rush Holt such as personal nameplates, political and historical ephemera, tickets to events, and personal items, among others.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Political and historical ephemera includes an \"America First\" ribbon (located in box 341, folder 2), a campaign ribbon from the 1840 Van Buren and Johnson election (located in box 341, folder 2), and a Confederate ten dollar bill (located in box 341, folder 2).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Tickets to events are representative of commencements and sporting events in West Virginia, the premiere of Disney's \u003cemph renderrender=\"italic\"\u003eFantasia\u003c/emph\u003e in Washington, D.C., and the 1952 Republican National Convention, among others.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Personal items include material from a fraternity to which Rush Holt belonged, items (pictures, cards, licenses) from his wallets, and material from a Bible class Rush Holt taught.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The wallets from which the personal pictures, cards, and licenses were removed are located in Series 2. Artifacts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes miscellaneous material collected by Rush Holt.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTypes of material include newspaper clippings, reports, publications, and correspondence, and election-related records, among others.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTopics include other senators (e.g., Joe Guffey of Pennsylvania and H. D. Hatfield of West Virginia), labor, railroads, and the Supreme Court, among others.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eItems of note include a certificate confirming Rush Holt's initiation into the National Society of the Sons of the American Revolution (located in box 1, loose); maps that detail election results for different offices including governor, House of Delegates, etc. in West Virginia (located in box 147, folder 8); Rush Holt's diary (located in box 166, folder 1), material relating to John L. Lewis and the Congress of Industrial Organizations (located in box 151, folders 1 to 3); a list of individuals who have sat in the same Senate desk that Rush Holt did (located in box 369, folder 13); a prayer authored by Rush Holt (located in box 372, folder 7); and material relating to the Rush Holt Endowment at West Virginia University (located in box 372, folder 8).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes election material collected by Holt, such as facsimile abstracts of votes, primary election results, lists of voters, and more. The main geographical focus is Lewis County, WV.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes personal and political items collected by Rush Holt.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Items of note include a personalized \"Holt for Governor\" license plate and a senatorial campaign button (located in box 374), a \"liberty\" embroidered cloth (located in box 4), and a West Virginia state flag (located in box 4).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes correspondence, reports, publications, clippings, statistics, transcripts, financial records, and project records, among other miscellaneous material relative to Rush Holt's committee-based and general legislative activity.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e For records of speeches delivered in the West Virginia Legislature and the United States Senate, please see Series 5. Press and Media Activity—Speeches.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e It should be noted that there exists a gap in the legislative records; thus, Rush Holt's senatorial papers are not represented as completely as those from the West Virginia House of Delegates. For material pertaining to the senatorial years, please refer to the Miscellaneous section of this series, or check the Records of the U.S. Senate at the National Archives and Records Administration.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes correspondence, reports, and clippings bearing primarily upon Rush Holt's activities as chairman of the Utility Investigating Committee \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The material is representative of Rush Holt's interaction with and study of utility companies throughout West Virginia and the United States.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Topics include gas, electricity, fuel rates, and municipal-owned utilities, among others.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Material of note includes testimonies of utility representatives during special hearings to examine the costs of state utilities. These hearings were held in Charleston, West Virginia between February 6, 1933 and April 11, 1933 (located in box 177, folder 1 to box 180, folder 4).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes correspondence, statistics, reports, and transcripts relative to Rush Holt's activity with the Government Costs Committee.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Correspondence includes letters sent and received by Rush Holt regarding expenditures for West Virginia and other states. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Statistics and reports include information sent to and gathered by Rush Holt regarding state-owned cars in West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Institutions and departments represented include the Department of Agriculture, West Virginia University, Huntington State Hospital, the Department of Mines, and the State Road Commission, among others.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The transcript document testimonies in the February 5 to March 1, 1943 hearings to investigate the cost of state government for which Rush Holt served as chairman. Entities represented by the testimonies include the Publicity Commission, the Bureau of Negro Welfare, the Road Commission, and the Labor Department, among others.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes financial records requested by and maintained by Rush Holt during his time as a member of the Interstate Cooperation Commission.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Types of records include correspondence, financial and payroll statistics, and budgetary reports, among others.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Entities represented include departments of state, governmental offices of state, educational institutions (including West Virginia University), and hospitals, among others.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes correspondence, payroll records, project records, and other miscellaneous material relative to the activities of the Works Progress Administration that Rush Holt gathered. It should be noted that while he was not an administrator of the Works Progress Administration, Rush Holt used his legislative position to discover and draw attention to the organization that he believed had been corrupted.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Correspondence is comprised of letters to and from Rush Holt concerning the status of projects in West Virginia counties. Also included are incoming letters from around the United States relating to Holt's speeches, actions, and beliefs concerning the Works Progress Administration.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Payroll records include copies of salaries received for positions of different projects in West Virginia counties. These records include location information, project numbers, position titles, and salary amounts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Project records include information relating to the cost of rentals, supplies, and bids, among other project expenditures.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes typescripts, statistics, publications, reports, and other miscellaneous records pertaining to Rush Holt's legislative activity.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTopics represented by the material include municipal operations, education, neutrality, and immigration, among others.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRecords of note include copies of the West \u003cemph renderrender=\"italic\"\u003eVirginia Legislature Journal\u003c/emph\u003e for the 1944 first extraordinary session of the state's House of Delegates and Senate (located in box 339, folder 14), a five-year plan for West Virginia highways (located in box 294, folder 6), and annual reports written and sent to the West Virginia Public Service Commission (located in box 296, folder 2 to box 297, folder 2).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Additional correspondence related to Holt's legislative activity, and more general political topics, can be found in Series 1. Personal and Political Papers—Correspondence and Miscellaneous.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes mail received by Rush Holt during his time in the West Virginia House of Delegates and the United States Senate from constituents requesting government publications and bulletins, copies of speeches, educational material, and Rush Holt's recommendation to the United States Military or Naval Academy. In some cases, this series also includes typescript responses, many of which are generic.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes constituent mail received and sent by Rush Holt during his time in the West Virginia House of Delegates and the United States Senate. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBecause of different original series of correspondence (including general correspondence, second copies, and correspondence sorted by topic), in addition to maintaining this original order, the material of this series, as a whole, is not in chronological order. It should also be noted that the letters that have been sorted by topic are not a complete representation of that subject. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTopics include World War II, neutrality, political issues (such as the Supreme Court proposed alteration, Rush Holt's age at the time of his election to the Senate, presidential third terms, etc.), state construction projects (such as roads and infrastructure), and state programs and relief efforts for issues such as the 1936 silicosis incident in West Virginia, among others.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeneral correspondence is arranged chronologically, then foldered by first letter of last name. It includes basic requests for material, facts, or brief opinions. Copies of typescript responses are stapled to the original constituent letter. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSecond copies correspondence is arranged chronologically, but it contains only the typescript copies of Rush Holt's responses. For some, the first copy typescript and original letter are located in general correspondence; however, others are not. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSupreme Court correspondence is organized into two groups: Individuals for and against the proposed change. Attached to the initial letters from constituents is Rush Holt's response, and for those against the change, there are also form letters offering a publication commemorating the 150th anniversary of the first congressional meeting. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere are also a few boxes of \u003cemph renderrender=\"italic\"\u003eWest Virginia Taxpayer\u003c/emph\u003e correspondence that include outgoing typescript copies of letters, mostly letters of thanks and solicitation for donations/subscription to support Holt's newsletter/publication, the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eWest Virginia Taxpayer\u003c/emph\u003e. There is a small amount of incoming correspondence as well. Copies of this publication can be found in Series 1. Personal and Political Papers, Publications.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e For an example of a constituent mail log, please see Series 6. Administrative Files.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Additional constituent mail may also be found in Series 1. Personal and Political Papers—Correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes copies of correspondence between Rush Holt and constituents asking for the former's recommendation to the United States Military Academy (West Point) or Naval Academy (Annapolis).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes constituent letters asking for government publications and bulletins, copies of speeches, and educational material. The material is generally separated by date and state or correspondent.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Requests for government publications and bulletins include a mixture of educational and personal use requests for publications such as the \u003cemph renderrender=\"italic\"\u003eAgricultural Yearbook\u003c/emph\u003e and the \u003cemph renderrender=\"italic\"\u003eFarmer's Bulletin\u003c/emph\u003e. Also included are requests for publications about political topics (e.g. a presidential third term).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Requests for speeches include letters from constituents reflecting their opinions about Rush Holt's speeches in addition to asking for copies. Topics of speeches requested include World War II (particularly the \"Youth Faces War\" and \"Keep America Neutral\" speeches), the Works Progress Administration, the Supreme Court issue, the Conscription bill, and the Burke-Wardsworth bill, among others. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Requests for educational material are primarily from teachers and students asking Rush Holt for material to support curriculum activities. Subjects represented include vocational school topics and issues, West Virginia and United States geography, and United States commerce, among others.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes original and photocopied articles from newspapers and similar publications, typescripts of press releases, pen-and-ink drawn political cartoons, transcripts of speeches, and sound recordings, among other material representing Rush Holt's involvement with the press and media.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes both original and photocopied articles from newspapers and similar publications retained by Rush Holt. Entire issues are also included in this series. Some clippings have been pasted into scrapbooks.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Topics represented are a combination of personal and political interests. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Personal topics include Rush Holt's wedding to Helen Louise Froelich, the Holt family, and the Rush Holt History Conference at West Virginia University (1998-2003), among others.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Political topics include Rush Holt's campaigns and elections, the Congress of Industrial Organizations, the Works Progress Administration, and neutrality issues, among others.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes copies of typed press releases regarding speeches delivered by Rush Holt, or those with similar opinions, throughout his political career. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Topics addressed include neutrality, foreign policy, social security, and the presidential third term issue, among others.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes pen and ink drawings by a variety of artists for political cartoons documenting news issues of the day including the West Virginia politics, President Franklin D. Roosevelt, World War II, and isolationism, among others.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Twenty-three of these cartoons were used for a campaign booklet advocating Rush Holt's candidacy for governor of West Virginia (1952).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e To see digitized copies of these Holt political cartoons, please visit the Rush Holt Political Cartoons digital collection: https://holt.lib.wvu.edu/?utf8=%E2%9C%93\u0026amp;search_field=all_fields\u0026amp;q.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes material documenting the daily office activities of Rush Holt and his staff during the former's senatorial term. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Types of material include daily reports, lists of letters received requesting information, and records of work performed by the office staff. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Daily reports document visits, appointments, and calls to Rush Holt's office for the periods of December 6, 1937 to December 31, 1938, the entire year of 1939, and January 3, 1940 to November 9, 1940.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Lists of letters received provide a chronological register of constituents' writings to Rush Holt between 1939 and 1940. It should be noted, however, that these records provide only basic information and do not indicate the subject of the correspondence. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Records of work performed provide documentation of tasks completed by Rush Holt's Senate office employees. It should be noted that these records, while detailed, are limited to the first half of 1940 (January to June). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e For an example of outgoing political form letters, mass mailings, and mailing lists, see Series 4. Constituent Services—General Constituent Mail (boxes 291 and 292).\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Papers of Rush Dew Holt, Sr. (1905-1955) relating to his personal and political activities. Types of material include publications, clippings, correspondence, photographs, and ephemera, among others. The collection is divided into six series: Personal and Political Papers (1840-2000 and undated) includes correspondence; invitations and cards; material representing campaign activities; and material from college courses, among other material that represents Rush Holt's personal life and political career; and ephemera collected by Rush Holt. Artifacts (1939-1952 and undated) includes personal and political items collected by Rush Holt. Legislative Records (1920-1955 and undated) includes correspondence, reports, publications, clippings, statistics, transcripts, financial records, and project records, among other miscellaneous material relative to Rush Holt's committee-based and general legislative activity. Constituent Services (1923-1954 and undated) includes mail received by Rush Holt during his time in the West Virginia House of Delegates and the United States Senate from constituents providing political opinions to Holt or requesting government publications and bulletins, copies of speeches, educational material, and Rush Holt's recommendation to the United States Military or Naval Academy. Press and Media Activity (1925-2003 and undated) includes original and photocopied articles from newspapers and similar publications, typescripts of press releases, pen-and-ink drawn political cartoons, transcripts of speeches, and sound recordings, among other material representing Rush Holt's involvement with the press and media. Administrative Files (1937-1940) includes material documenting the daily office activities of Rush Holt and his staff during the former's senatorial term.","The collection is divided into six series as follows:","Series 1. Personal and Political Papers; 1840-2000 and undated (bulk 1918-1955)","Includes material related to Rush Holt's personal, family, and political life. Additional material related to his work in politics can be found in Series 3 through 6. Types of material include correspondence; invitations and cards; material representing campaign activities; material from college courses; bills for recordings, radio station receipts, and election expenditures; typescripts, newsletters, manuscripts, and photocopies of material written by Rush Holt; publications to which Rush Holt subscribed and collected; photographs that represent Rush Holt's personal life and political career; ephemera collected by Rush Holt; and election results collected by Rush Holt.","Series 2. Artifacts; 1939-1952 and undated","Includes personal and political items collected by Rush Holt.","Series 3. Legislative Records; 1920-1955 and undated","Includes correspondence, reports, publications, clippings, statistics, transcripts, financial records, and project records, among other miscellaneous material relative to Rush Holt's committee-based and general legislative activity.","Series 4. Constituent Services; 1923-1954 and undated","Includes mail received by Rush Holt during his time in the West Virginia House of Delegates and the United States Senate from constituents requesting government publications and bulletins, copies of speeches, educational material, and Rush Holt's recommendation to the United States Military or Naval Academy. In some cases, this series also includes typescript responses, many of which are generic.","Series 5. Press and Media Activity; 1925-2003 and undated (bulk 1925-1955)","Includes original and photocopied articles from newspapers and similar publications, typescripts of press releases, pen-and-ink drawn political cartoons, transcripts of speeches, and sound recordings, among other material representing Rush Holt's involvement with the press and media.    ","Series 6. Administrative Files; 1937-1940","Includes material documenting the daily office activities of Rush Holt and his staff during the former's senatorial term.   ","Includes material related to Rush Holt's personal, family, and political life. Additional material related to his work in politics can be found in Series 3 through 6. Types of material include correspondence; invitations and cards; material representing campaign activities; material from college courses; bills for recordings, radio station receipts, and election expenditures; typescripts, newsletters, manuscripts, and photocopies of material written by Rush Holt; publications to which Rush Holt subscribed and collected; photographs that represent Rush Holt's personal life and political career; ephemera collected by Rush Holt; and election results collected by Rush Holt.","Includes correspondence relating to the personal and political issues of Rush Holt's life. "," Because of different original series of correspondence, in addition to maintaining this original order, the material of this series, as a whole, is not in chronological order. "," Personal correspondence topics include Rush Holt's marriage to Helen Louise Froelich, family matters such as births and deaths, holidays, Rush Holt's illness, and general correspondence with family and friends, among others."," Political correspondence topics include an anti-lynching bill which is represented by letters between Rush Holt and Walter White, former secretary for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People; the United Mine Workers of America which is represented by correspondence between Rush Holt and Frank Miley, former president of the United Mine Workers of America, District 31; and the seating issue from when Rush Holt was first elected to the Senate; among others."," Other prominent correspondents/subjects of correspondence include Joe Alderson, former WPA Director in Lewis County, West Virginia; Van A. Bittner, former president of United Mine Workers Association District 12; James A. Farley, former chairman of the Democratic National Committee; and Frank Miley, former president of the United Mine Workers of America, District 31, among others. "," Items of note include political-related correspondence with Spencer Bonaventure Tracey (located in box 229, folder 7), Louise B. Mayer (located in box 229, folder 8), Walt Disney (located in box 229, folder 9), and James Cagney (located in box 229, folder 11). Other items of note include a poem titled Rejected (not Holt's) that is set in Hell and portrays President Franklin D. Roosevelt as a sinner (located in box 238, folder 3), and a letter from President Harry S. Truman (located in box 357, folder 1)."," For correspondence directly related to Rush Holt's campaigns, please see Series 1. Personal and Political Papers—Campaign Material."," For Utility Investigating Committee-related correspondence, please see Series 3. Legislative Records—West Virginia House of Delegates Utility Investigating Committee"," For Government Costs Committee-related correspondence, please see Series 3. Legislative Records—West Virginia House of Delegates State Government Costs Committee."," For Interstate Cooperation Commission-related correspondence, please see Series 3. Legislative Records—West Virginia House of Delegates Interstate Cooperation Commission. "," For Works Progress Administration-related correspondence, please see Series 3. Legislative Records—Works Progress Administration.","Includes invitations and cards retained by Rush Holt. Also includes a small subset of Holt's responses."," Invitations represent both public and private events including graduations, weddings, and dinners, among others."," Cards are inclusive of general greeting cards, sympathy cards for the deaths of Rush Holt's parents, and get-well cards."," Significant items include invitations to attend events at the White House (located in box 312, folder 10) and an invitation to attend the 1939 World's Fair (located in box 340, folder 5)."," Included in this series are letters and telegrams that are interleaved with cards and that possess a similar theme.","Includes material representing Rush Holt's activities during his political campaigns for West Virginia and national offices."," Types of material include broadsides, correspondence, newspaper mats, publicity releases, and speeches, among others."," Items of note include certificates of election for the West Virginia House of Delegates (located in box 369, folder 1).","Includes Rush Holt's diploma from Weston High School and material from LaSalle Extension University Law and Practical Accounting courses in which Rush Holt enrolled."," Types of material include coursework, examinations, and records of final grades."," An item of note is Rush Holt's high school diploma (located in box 1, folder 6).","Includes bills for recordings, radio station receipts, and election expenditures information that Rush Holt retained."," For the sound recordings mentioned in this material in addition to other recordings by Rush Holt, please see Series 5. Press and Media Activity--Recordings.","Includes typescripts, newsletters, manuscripts, and photocopies of newspaper articles written by Rush Holt."," Typescripts include  Facts and Figures  (numbers 1-224) and  Politics in West Virginia  (numbers 1-118). These serial publications are also partially represented by the photocopied articles.  Facts and Figures  appears to be a regular column that Holt wrote from 1947 through 1953, though perhaps not continuously."," Copies of  The West Virginia Taxpayer , a newsletter written and published by Rush Holt, are also included and span from December 1948 to November 1954. Correspondence regarding support for this publication can be found in Series 4. Constituent Services—General Constituent Mail."," Manuscripts by Rush Holt include  Who's Who Among the War Mongers: Merchants of Death and Their Stooges  (located in box 306, folders 1 and 2),  The British Network: A Study of Fifth Column Activities in the United States  (located in box 306, folders 3 and 4), and  The President Moves Toward War  (located in box 339, folders 4 and 5).","Includes publications such as magazines, newsletters, bulletins, brochures, and pamphlets, among other types of publications to which Rush Holt subscribed and collected."," Topics include neutrality, war propaganda, taxes, and utilities, among others."," Publications include Uncensored, Social Justice, Public Assistance, West Virginia utility reports, and tax publications from different states, among others."," An item of note is the photocopied section of Sherwood Anderson's Puzzled America that mentions Rush Holt (located in box 370, folder 10). A copy of the whole book is available through West Virginia University's Downtown Library (call number: E806.A652 1970).","Includes photographs that represent Rush Holt's personal life and political career. Photographs depict Rush Holt and his family, among other prominent individuals."," Personal life photographs include Rush Holt's and Helen Louise Froelich's wedding and photographs taken of Rush Holt and his family during holidays and other special occasions."," Political career photographs comprise the majority of this series and represent occasions such as sessions of the West Virginia Legislature, political conventions, and campaign events including Dwight Eisenhower's \"Whistle Stop\" presidential campaign through West Virginia (located in box 370, folder 13), among others."," Prominent individuals include James Farley, former postmaster general during the first two administrations of President Franklin D. Roosevelt (signed photograph located in box 1, folder 1); individuals involved with WCHS News, including Ron Edwards; and former Vice President John N. Garner (signed photograph located in box 370, folder 16), among other politicians."," For additional photographs of Rush Holt, please see the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center's digitized OnView collection.","Includes items collected by Rush Holt such as personal nameplates, political and historical ephemera, tickets to events, and personal items, among others."," Political and historical ephemera includes an \"America First\" ribbon (located in box 341, folder 2), a campaign ribbon from the 1840 Van Buren and Johnson election (located in box 341, folder 2), and a Confederate ten dollar bill (located in box 341, folder 2)."," Tickets to events are representative of commencements and sporting events in West Virginia, the premiere of Disney's  Fantasia  in Washington, D.C., and the 1952 Republican National Convention, among others."," Personal items include material from a fraternity to which Rush Holt belonged, items (pictures, cards, licenses) from his wallets, and material from a Bible class Rush Holt taught."," The wallets from which the personal pictures, cards, and licenses were removed are located in Series 2. Artifacts.","Includes miscellaneous material collected by Rush Holt.","Types of material include newspaper clippings, reports, publications, and correspondence, and election-related records, among others.","Topics include other senators (e.g., Joe Guffey of Pennsylvania and H. D. Hatfield of West Virginia), labor, railroads, and the Supreme Court, among others.","Items of note include a certificate confirming Rush Holt's initiation into the National Society of the Sons of the American Revolution (located in box 1, loose); maps that detail election results for different offices including governor, House of Delegates, etc. in West Virginia (located in box 147, folder 8); Rush Holt's diary (located in box 166, folder 1), material relating to John L. Lewis and the Congress of Industrial Organizations (located in box 151, folders 1 to 3); a list of individuals who have sat in the same Senate desk that Rush Holt did (located in box 369, folder 13); a prayer authored by Rush Holt (located in box 372, folder 7); and material relating to the Rush Holt Endowment at West Virginia University (located in box 372, folder 8).","Includes election material collected by Holt, such as facsimile abstracts of votes, primary election results, lists of voters, and more. The main geographical focus is Lewis County, WV.","Includes personal and political items collected by Rush Holt."," Items of note include a personalized \"Holt for Governor\" license plate and a senatorial campaign button (located in box 374), a \"liberty\" embroidered cloth (located in box 4), and a West Virginia state flag (located in box 4).","Includes correspondence, reports, publications, clippings, statistics, transcripts, financial records, and project records, among other miscellaneous material relative to Rush Holt's committee-based and general legislative activity."," For records of speeches delivered in the West Virginia Legislature and the United States Senate, please see Series 5. Press and Media Activity—Speeches."," It should be noted that there exists a gap in the legislative records; thus, Rush Holt's senatorial papers are not represented as completely as those from the West Virginia House of Delegates. For material pertaining to the senatorial years, please refer to the Miscellaneous section of this series, or check the Records of the U.S. Senate at the National Archives and Records Administration.","Includes correspondence, reports, and clippings bearing primarily upon Rush Holt's activities as chairman of the Utility Investigating Committee "," The material is representative of Rush Holt's interaction with and study of utility companies throughout West Virginia and the United States."," Topics include gas, electricity, fuel rates, and municipal-owned utilities, among others."," Material of note includes testimonies of utility representatives during special hearings to examine the costs of state utilities. These hearings were held in Charleston, West Virginia between February 6, 1933 and April 11, 1933 (located in box 177, folder 1 to box 180, folder 4).","Includes correspondence, statistics, reports, and transcripts relative to Rush Holt's activity with the Government Costs Committee."," Correspondence includes letters sent and received by Rush Holt regarding expenditures for West Virginia and other states. "," Statistics and reports include information sent to and gathered by Rush Holt regarding state-owned cars in West Virginia."," Institutions and departments represented include the Department of Agriculture, West Virginia University, Huntington State Hospital, the Department of Mines, and the State Road Commission, among others."," The transcript document testimonies in the February 5 to March 1, 1943 hearings to investigate the cost of state government for which Rush Holt served as chairman. Entities represented by the testimonies include the Publicity Commission, the Bureau of Negro Welfare, the Road Commission, and the Labor Department, among others.","Includes financial records requested by and maintained by Rush Holt during his time as a member of the Interstate Cooperation Commission."," Types of records include correspondence, financial and payroll statistics, and budgetary reports, among others."," Entities represented include departments of state, governmental offices of state, educational institutions (including West Virginia University), and hospitals, among others.","Includes correspondence, payroll records, project records, and other miscellaneous material relative to the activities of the Works Progress Administration that Rush Holt gathered. It should be noted that while he was not an administrator of the Works Progress Administration, Rush Holt used his legislative position to discover and draw attention to the organization that he believed had been corrupted."," Correspondence is comprised of letters to and from Rush Holt concerning the status of projects in West Virginia counties. Also included are incoming letters from around the United States relating to Holt's speeches, actions, and beliefs concerning the Works Progress Administration."," Payroll records include copies of salaries received for positions of different projects in West Virginia counties. These records include location information, project numbers, position titles, and salary amounts."," Project records include information relating to the cost of rentals, supplies, and bids, among other project expenditures.","Includes typescripts, statistics, publications, reports, and other miscellaneous records pertaining to Rush Holt's legislative activity.","Topics represented by the material include municipal operations, education, neutrality, and immigration, among others.","Records of note include copies of the West  Virginia Legislature Journal  for the 1944 first extraordinary session of the state's House of Delegates and Senate (located in box 339, folder 14), a five-year plan for West Virginia highways (located in box 294, folder 6), and annual reports written and sent to the West Virginia Public Service Commission (located in box 296, folder 2 to box 297, folder 2)."," Additional correspondence related to Holt's legislative activity, and more general political topics, can be found in Series 1. Personal and Political Papers—Correspondence and Miscellaneous.","Includes mail received by Rush Holt during his time in the West Virginia House of Delegates and the United States Senate from constituents requesting government publications and bulletins, copies of speeches, educational material, and Rush Holt's recommendation to the United States Military or Naval Academy. In some cases, this series also includes typescript responses, many of which are generic.","Includes constituent mail received and sent by Rush Holt during his time in the West Virginia House of Delegates and the United States Senate. ","Because of different original series of correspondence (including general correspondence, second copies, and correspondence sorted by topic), in addition to maintaining this original order, the material of this series, as a whole, is not in chronological order. It should also be noted that the letters that have been sorted by topic are not a complete representation of that subject. ","Topics include World War II, neutrality, political issues (such as the Supreme Court proposed alteration, Rush Holt's age at the time of his election to the Senate, presidential third terms, etc.), state construction projects (such as roads and infrastructure), and state programs and relief efforts for issues such as the 1936 silicosis incident in West Virginia, among others.","General correspondence is arranged chronologically, then foldered by first letter of last name. It includes basic requests for material, facts, or brief opinions. Copies of typescript responses are stapled to the original constituent letter. ","Second copies correspondence is arranged chronologically, but it contains only the typescript copies of Rush Holt's responses. For some, the first copy typescript and original letter are located in general correspondence; however, others are not. ","Supreme Court correspondence is organized into two groups: Individuals for and against the proposed change. Attached to the initial letters from constituents is Rush Holt's response, and for those against the change, there are also form letters offering a publication commemorating the 150th anniversary of the first congressional meeting. ","There are also a few boxes of  West Virginia Taxpayer  correspondence that include outgoing typescript copies of letters, mostly letters of thanks and solicitation for donations/subscription to support Holt's newsletter/publication, the  West Virginia Taxpayer . There is a small amount of incoming correspondence as well. Copies of this publication can be found in Series 1. Personal and Political Papers, Publications."," For an example of a constituent mail log, please see Series 6. Administrative Files."," Additional constituent mail may also be found in Series 1. Personal and Political Papers—Correspondence.","Includes copies of correspondence between Rush Holt and constituents asking for the former's recommendation to the United States Military Academy (West Point) or Naval Academy (Annapolis).","Includes constituent letters asking for government publications and bulletins, copies of speeches, and educational material. The material is generally separated by date and state or correspondent."," Requests for government publications and bulletins include a mixture of educational and personal use requests for publications such as the  Agricultural Yearbook  and the  Farmer's Bulletin . Also included are requests for publications about political topics (e.g. a presidential third term)."," Requests for speeches include letters from constituents reflecting their opinions about Rush Holt's speeches in addition to asking for copies. Topics of speeches requested include World War II (particularly the \"Youth Faces War\" and \"Keep America Neutral\" speeches), the Works Progress Administration, the Supreme Court issue, the Conscription bill, and the Burke-Wardsworth bill, among others. "," Requests for educational material are primarily from teachers and students asking Rush Holt for material to support curriculum activities. Subjects represented include vocational school topics and issues, West Virginia and United States geography, and United States commerce, among others.","Includes original and photocopied articles from newspapers and similar publications, typescripts of press releases, pen-and-ink drawn political cartoons, transcripts of speeches, and sound recordings, among other material representing Rush Holt's involvement with the press and media.","Includes both original and photocopied articles from newspapers and similar publications retained by Rush Holt. Entire issues are also included in this series. Some clippings have been pasted into scrapbooks."," Topics represented are a combination of personal and political interests. "," Personal topics include Rush Holt's wedding to Helen Louise Froelich, the Holt family, and the Rush Holt History Conference at West Virginia University (1998-2003), among others."," Political topics include Rush Holt's campaigns and elections, the Congress of Industrial Organizations, the Works Progress Administration, and neutrality issues, among others.","Includes copies of typed press releases regarding speeches delivered by Rush Holt, or those with similar opinions, throughout his political career. "," Topics addressed include neutrality, foreign policy, social security, and the presidential third term issue, among others.","Includes pen and ink drawings by a variety of artists for political cartoons documenting news issues of the day including the West Virginia politics, President Franklin D. Roosevelt, World War II, and isolationism, among others."," Twenty-three of these cartoons were used for a campaign booklet advocating Rush Holt's candidacy for governor of West Virginia (1952)."," To see digitized copies of these Holt political cartoons, please visit the Rush Holt Political Cartoons digital collection: https://holt.lib.wvu.edu/?utf8=%E2%9C%93\u0026search_field=all_fields\u0026q.","Includes material documenting the daily office activities of Rush Holt and his staff during the former's senatorial term. "," Types of material include daily reports, lists of letters received requesting information, and records of work performed by the office staff. "," Daily reports document visits, appointments, and calls to Rush Holt's office for the periods of December 6, 1937 to December 31, 1938, the entire year of 1939, and January 3, 1940 to November 9, 1940."," Lists of letters received provide a chronological register of constituents' writings to Rush Holt between 1939 and 1940. It should be noted, however, that these records provide only basic information and do not indicate the subject of the correspondence. "," Records of work performed provide documentation of tasks completed by Rush Holt's Senate office employees. It should be noted that these records, while detailed, are limited to the first half of 1940 (January to June). "," For an example of outgoing political form letters, mass mailings, and mailing lists, see Series 4. Constituent Services—General Constituent Mail (boxes 291 and 292)."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEphemeral items not specific to Rush Dew Holt were moved to the Printed Ephemera Collection. Several local basketball scorecards were moved to A\u0026amp;M 4216, the Annual West Virginia State High School Basketball Tournament Programs collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e17 reels of undated sound recordings, chiefly relating to the political career of Rush Dew Holt, were separated to the oral history collection, C432 R699-R715 (17 tapes). These tapes include some personal material as well.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Ephemeral items not specific to Rush Dew Holt were moved to the Printed Ephemera Collection. Several local basketball scorecards were moved to A\u0026M 4216, the Annual West Virginia State High School Basketball Tournament Programs collection.","17 reels of undated sound recordings, chiefly relating to the political career of Rush Dew Holt, were separated to the oral history collection, C432 R699-R715 (17 tapes). These tapes include some personal material as well."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_7f7aca18f594cb9e240c48f7fdefc04e\"\u003ePapers of Rush Dew Holt, Sr. (1905-1955) relating to his personal and political activities. Types of material include publications, clippings, correspondence, photographs, and ephemera, among others. The collection is divided into six series: Personal and Political Papers (1840-2000 and undated), Artifacts (1939-1952 and undated), Legislative Records (1920-1955 and undated), Constituent Services (1923-1954 and undated), Press and Media Activity (1925-2003 and undated), and Administrative Files (1937-1940).\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Papers of Rush Dew Holt, Sr. (1905-1955) relating to his personal and political activities. Types of material include publications, clippings, correspondence, photographs, and ephemera, among others. The collection is divided into six series: Personal and Political Papers (1840-2000 and undated), Artifacts (1939-1952 and undated), Legislative Records (1920-1955 and undated), Constituent Services (1923-1954 and undated), Press and Media Activity (1925-2003 and undated), and Administrative Files (1937-1940)."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_c13cef4864374dc7a447894b02986413\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_coll_ssim":["America First Committee","American Federation of Labor","Congress of Industrial Organizations (U.S.)","United States. National Bituminous Coal Commission","United States. National Labor Relations Board","Progressive Mine Workers of America","United Mine Workers of America","United States. National Recovery Administration","United States. Supreme Court","United States. Congress. Senate","West Virginia. Legislature","United States. Works Progress Administration","Democratic Party (U.S.)","Weston State Hospital","Bittner, Van A. (Van Amberg), 1885-1949","Black, Hugo LaFayette, 1886-1971","Coughlin, Charles E.","Edmiston, Andrew.","Farley, James A. (James Aloysius), 1888-1976","Green, William.","Holt, Helen Louise Froelich, 1913-2015","Holt, Mathew S., 1850-1939","Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955","Hopkins, Harry L. (Harry Lloyd), 1890-1946","Ickes, Harold L. (Harold LeClair), 1874-1952","Kump, Herman Guy, 1877-1962","La Follette, Robert M. (Robert Marion), 1855-1925","Neely, Matthew Mansfield, 1874-1958","Lewis, John L. (John Llewellyn), 1880-1969","Long, Huey Pierce, 1893-1935"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","America First Committee","American Federation of Labor","Congress of Industrial Organizations (U.S.)","United States. National Bituminous Coal Commission","United States. National Labor Relations Board","Progressive Mine Workers of America","United Mine Workers of America","United States. National Recovery Administration","United States. Supreme Court","United States. Congress. Senate","West Virginia. Legislature","United States. Works Progress Administration","Democratic Party (U.S.)","Weston State Hospital","Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955","Bittner, Van A. (Van Amberg), 1885-1949","Black, Hugo LaFayette, 1886-1971","Coughlin, Charles E.","Edmiston, Andrew.","Farley, James A. (James Aloysius), 1888-1976","Green, William.","Holt, Helen Louise Froelich, 1913-2015","Holt, Mathew S., 1850-1939","Hopkins, Harry L. (Harry Lloyd), 1890-1946","Ickes, Harold L. (Harold LeClair), 1874-1952","Kump, Herman Guy, 1877-1962","La Follette, Robert M. (Robert Marion), 1855-1925","Neely, Matthew Mansfield, 1874-1958","Lewis, John L. (John Llewellyn), 1880-1969","Long, Huey Pierce, 1893-1935"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","America First Committee","American Federation of Labor","Congress of Industrial Organizations (U.S.)","United States. National Bituminous Coal Commission","United States. National Labor Relations Board","Progressive Mine Workers of America","United Mine Workers of America","United States. National Recovery Administration","United States. Supreme Court","United States. Congress. Senate","West Virginia. Legislature","United States. Works Progress Administration","Democratic Party (U.S.)","Weston State Hospital"],"persname_ssim":["Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955","Bittner, Van A. (Van Amberg), 1885-1949","Black, Hugo LaFayette, 1886-1971","Coughlin, Charles E.","Edmiston, Andrew.","Farley, James A. (James Aloysius), 1888-1976","Green, William.","Holt, Helen Louise Froelich, 1913-2015","Holt, Mathew S., 1850-1939","Hopkins, Harry L. (Harry Lloyd), 1890-1946","Ickes, Harold L. (Harold LeClair), 1874-1952","Kump, Herman Guy, 1877-1962","La Follette, Robert M. (Robert Marion), 1855-1925","Neely, Matthew Mansfield, 1874-1958","Lewis, John L. (John Llewellyn), 1880-1969","Long, Huey Pierce, 1893-1935"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":938,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T01:09:46.199Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3687_c03_c05_c41"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_521_c1234","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"\"1935 - Indian Walk Footwear. Reg\" Appointment Book","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_521_c1234#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_521_c1234","ref_ssm":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_521_c1234"],"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_521_c1234","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_521","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_521","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_521","parent_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_521","parent_ssim":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_521"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_521"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Robert and Wilva Breen papers"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Robert and Wilva Breen papers"],"text":["Robert and Wilva Breen papers","\"1935 - Indian Walk Footwear. Reg\" Appointment Book","Box 90","Folder 2"],"title_filing_ssi":"\"1935 - Indian Walk Footwear. Reg\" Appointment Book","title_ssm":["\"1935 - Indian Walk Footwear. Reg\" Appointment Book"],"title_tesim":["\"1935 - Indian Walk Footwear. Reg\" Appointment Book"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1935"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1935"],"normalized_title_ssm":["\"1935 - Indian Walk Footwear. Reg\" Appointment Book"],"component_level_isim":[1],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"collection_ssim":["Robert and Wilva Breen papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":1234,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Box 35, Folder 12; Box 36, Folder 1; and Box 70, Folder 18 are restricted due to their physical fragility.","Box 89, Folder 8 and 9 are restricted due to personally identifiable information.","There are no other access restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)."],"date_range_isim":[1935],"containers_ssim":["Box 90","Folder 2"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1233","timestamp":"2026-06-10T18:09:53.073Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_521","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_521","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_521","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_521","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_521.xml","title_ssm":["Robert and Wilva Breen papers"],"title_tesim":["Robert and Wilva Breen papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1834, 1933-2000s"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1834, 1933-2000s"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0004","/repositories/2/resources/521"],"text":["C0004","/repositories/2/resources/521","Robert and Wilva Breen papers","Helsingør (Denmark)","Broadway (New York, N.Y.)","Ballet","Theater and society","Theater -- Europe -- History -- 20th century","Theater -- New York (State) -- New York","Theater -- United States -- History -- 20th century","Theater -- United States","World War, 1939-1945 -- Theater and the war","Theater programs","Experimental theater -- United States","Theater -- Europe","Theater -- Production and direction","Performing arts","Theater","Theatrical posters","Photographs","Box 35, Folder 12; Box 36, Folder 1; and Box 70, Folder 18 are restricted due to their physical fragility.","Box 89, Folder 8 and 9 are restricted due to personally identifiable information.","There are no other access restrictions.","Selections from the Robert and Wilva Breen papers are also available digitally on ","In 2009 and 2022 many of the audiotape reels found in this collection were converted to digital format and are available for use in the Special Collections Research Center's Reading Room.","The collection was originally arranged by subject and then topic. Additional accessions were added and arranged in the order they arrived in Special Collections Research Center.","Strom, Stephanie. \"Robert Breen, 80, Arts Executive And Theatrical Producer, Is Dead.\" Nytimes.com.   (accessed December 12, 2018).","Oliver, Myrna. \"Robert Breen; Initiated Cultural Exchanges.\" Articles.latimes.com.   (accessed December 12, 2018).","Riedel, Michael. \"This theater's chaotic history includes a Titanic survivor, the 'Tonight' show and porn.\" Nypost.com.   (accessed December 12, 2018).","ANTA West records (Collection 1965). UCLA Library Special Collections, Charles E. Young Research Library, UCLA.   (accessed December 12, 2018).","Robert Breen, born December 26, 1909 in Hibbing, Minnesota, served as the Executive Secretary of the American National Theatre and Academy (ANTA) from 1946-1952, and was instrumental in much of the organization's success, both domestically and internationally. In addition to serving in the U.S. Army Air Corps, Breen had an extensive background in theater. Prior to joining ANTA, Breen founded a theater program at the College of St. Thomas in Saint Paul, Minnesota, as well as established the Chicago unit for the Works Progress Administration's Federal Theatre Project with his wife, Wilva Davis Breen. Wilva herself was instrumental in promoting and guiding ANTA's many and varied operations, and getting the organization off the ground. The Breens' apartment home - situated above the Hudson Theatre in New York City, NY - served as ANTA's early headquarters. Davis Breen served as Breen's constant support and collaborator until he passed away on March 31, 1990."," The American National Theatre and Academy (ANTA) was the United States' first national theater and dance organization, in the tradition of European national theaters. Originating in 1935 with a charter from the U.S. Congress, ANTA continued until 1966 when the National Endowment for the Arts came into being. ANTA was responsible for both the presentation of American theater in the U.S. and abroad."," Although officially formed in 1935, ANTA did not begin actual operation until 1946 due to a variety of factors, including the Great Depression and World War II. During the depression, federal funding was funnelled towards the Works Progress Administration's Federal Theatre Project, another national performing arts program. In addition to these setbacks, the ANTA board, comprised of prominent citizens and business leaders from outside the theater community, could not agree on the goals of ANTA. Eventually, Robert Breen and Robert Porterfield, two men with Army and theater backgrounds, took the reins of ANTA and initiated its revitalization. Porterfield and Breen developed ANTA's \"Foundation Plan,\" with the intention of having ANTA become the foundation for and driving force behind the stimulation of growth of American theater. The plan, successfully undertaken by Breen, Porterfield, and Breen's wife Wilva Davis Breen, called for a National Foundation to make loans and grants, insure theater projects against loss, as well as a National Service Bureau to provide technical assistance for acting companies, as well as a national clearing house for theater information. The plan was adopted by the ANTA Board in 1946."," Under the guidance of Breen, ANTA produced several projects in the U.S. with successful results during the postwar years. From 1946 - 1948, ANTA sponsored a series of plays called the Experimental Theatre. Its goal was to \"present new, interesting plays which would not see production on Broadway due to present high costs.\" Admittedly, the plays were \"not necessarily perfect\" but \"worthy of a trial production in a simplified fashion\" according to an ANTA letter offering subscription to the series, which included high profile playwrights and actors. During the late 1940s and early 1950s ANTA sponsored a number of drama festivals across the U.S., featuring well-known actors. ANTA also featured a televised production of short plays for NBC television. With the intention of promoting theater growth in the U.S. and showcasing new talent, ANTA produced, supported, and promoted theater projects all across the United States."," Internationally, ANTA promoted artistic exchange between the U.S. and Europe, and entertained American troops there. This was initiated with a 1949 tour of William Shakespeare's \"Hamlet\" throughout Europe, produced by and starring Breen in the titular role. This tour famously culminated in a performance at Elsinore Castle in Denmark - the actual setting of the play. Perhaps ANTA's, as well as Breen's, greatest success came with the international tour of George Gershwin's \"Porgy and Bess\" (produced with Blevins Davis), which toured from 1952-1956, visiting 89 cities and 29 countries. The opera's performance in the Soviet Union was considered the first cultural exchange post-World War II between the U.S. and the Soviet Union. ANTA also sponsored the American National Ballet Theatre's tour of Europe in 1950, performing in eighteen cities and eight countries. The tour lasted from August to December of 1950 and played to an audience of over 150,000, and was the first international tour of any American ballet company."," ANTA also produced a number of Broadway plays and musicals out of the formerly named Guild Hall Theatre, renamed the ANTA Theatre in the 1960s and 1970s. ANTA West, which grew out of the Greater Los Angeles Chapter of ANTA in 1957, promoted and facilitated the growth of theater in the Southern California region.","Part of the Robert and Wilva Breen papers was donated to The Ohio State University.","The Special Collections Research Center does not have the equipment necessary to play  obsolete audiovisual material found in the found in the Robert and Wilva Breen papers. Additional time and money may be required to digitize this material for access.","Processed by Special Collections Research Center Staff. EAD markup completed in February 2009 by Jordan Patty. Reprocessed by Amanda Brent from 2017-2018. EAD markup completed by Amanda Brent in December 2018.","Special Collections Research Center also holds the  , the  , the  , and many other "," The Ohio State University Libraries' Jerome Lawrence and Robert E. Lee Theatre Research Institute holds the "," The UCLA Library Special Collections, Charles E. Young Research Library holds the ","The Robert and Wilva Breen papers consists of correspondence, memoranda, newsclippings, photographs, notebooks, and audiovisual materials largely related to the creation and running of the American National Theater and Academy (ANTA), as well as Robert and Wilva Breen's long-term involvement with the organization from 1944 through the 1950s. The collection also contains many photographs of theaters and theatrical performances from across the United States, including from Broadway and Off-Broadway theaters and shows, as well as numerous colleges, universities, high schools, and local children's theaters. The bulk of the collection originates from the 1940s - 2000s, with an outlier date of 1834 from an antique newspaper.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/).","The Robert and Wilva Breen papers consists of correspondence, memoranda, newsclippings, photographs, notebooks, and audiovisual materials largely related to the creation and running of the American National Theater and Academy (ANTA), as well as Robert and Wilva Breen's long-term involvement with the organization. The bulk of the collection originates from 1933 - 2000s, with an outlier date of 1834 from an antique newspaper.","R2, C9, S3- C11, S7\nR3 C1 S1 - C2, S5\nOSR3, C4, S4\nMap Case 8.1-8.2, 9.1","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","American National Ballet Theater","American National Theatre and Academy","ANTA (Organization)","ANTA West (Organization)","Breen, Robert","Breen, Wilva","Porterfield, Robert, 1905-1971","English"],"unitid_tesim":["C0004","/repositories/2/resources/521"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Robert and Wilva Breen papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Robert and Wilva Breen papers"],"collection_ssim":["Robert and Wilva Breen papers"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["Helsingør (Denmark)","Broadway (New York, N.Y.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Helsingør (Denmark)","Broadway (New York, N.Y.)"],"creator_ssm":["Breen, Robert","Breen, Wilva"],"creator_ssim":["Breen, Robert","Breen, Wilva"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Breen, Robert","Breen, Wilva"],"creators_ssim":["Breen, Robert","Breen, Wilva"],"places_ssim":["Helsingør (Denmark)","Broadway (New York, N.Y.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was donated by the trustees of the Robert and Wilva Breen papers in 1988, and Wilva Breen and The Ohio State University in 1989. There were multiple accessions of materials throughout the 1990s. Additional materials were donated by Diana Lawrence and Mike Timoney in 2011."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Ballet","Theater and society","Theater -- Europe -- History -- 20th century","Theater -- New York (State) -- New York","Theater -- United States -- History -- 20th century","Theater -- United States","World War, 1939-1945 -- Theater and the war","Theater programs","Experimental theater -- United States","Theater -- Europe","Theater -- Production and direction","Performing arts","Theater","Theatrical posters","Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Ballet","Theater and society","Theater -- Europe -- History -- 20th century","Theater -- New York (State) -- New York","Theater -- United States -- History -- 20th century","Theater -- United States","World War, 1939-1945 -- Theater and the war","Theater programs","Experimental theater -- United States","Theater -- Europe","Theater -- Production and direction","Performing arts","Theater","Theatrical posters","Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["80.5 Linear Feet 207 boxes, 1 map case"],"extent_tesim":["80.5 Linear Feet 207 boxes, 1 map case"],"genreform_ssim":["Theatrical posters","Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBox 35, Folder 12; Box 36, Folder 1; and Box 70, Folder 18 are restricted due to their physical fragility.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBox 89, Folder 8 and 9 are restricted due to personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere are no other access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Box 35, Folder 12; Box 36, Folder 1; and Box 70, Folder 18 are restricted due to their physical fragility.","Box 89, Folder 8 and 9 are restricted due to personally identifiable information.","There are no other access restrictions."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSelections from the Robert and Wilva Breen papers are also available digitally on \u003cextptr href=\"http://mars.gmu.edu/handle/1920/4609\" title=\"Mason Archival Respository Service (MARS).\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 2009 and 2022 many of the audiotape reels found in this collection were converted to digital format and are available for use in the Special Collections Research Center's Reading Room.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternative Form Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["Selections from the Robert and Wilva Breen papers are also available digitally on ","In 2009 and 2022 many of the audiotape reels found in this collection were converted to digital format and are available for use in the Special Collections Research Center's Reading Room."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection was originally arranged by subject and then topic. Additional accessions were added and arranged in the order they arrived in Special Collections Research Center.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection was originally arranged by subject and then topic. Additional accessions were added and arranged in the order they arrived in Special Collections Research Center."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eStrom, Stephanie. \"Robert Breen, 80, Arts Executive And Theatrical Producer, Is Dead.\" Nytimes.com. \u003cbibref\u003e\u003cextptr href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/1990/04/02/obituaries/robert-breen-80-arts-executive-and-theatrical-producer-is-dead.html\" title=\"https://www.nytimes.com/1990/04/02/obituaries/robert-breen-80-arts-executive-and-theatrical-producer-is-dead.html\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003e (accessed December 12, 2018).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOliver, Myrna. \"Robert Breen; Initiated Cultural Exchanges.\" Articles.latimes.com. \u003cbibref\u003e\u003cextptr href=\"http://articles.latimes.com/1990-04-05/news/mn-617_1_robert-breen\" title=\"http://articles.latimes.com/1990-04-05/news/mn-617_1_robert-breen\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003e (accessed December 12, 2018).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRiedel, Michael. \"This theater's chaotic history includes a Titanic survivor, the 'Tonight' show and porn.\" Nypost.com. \u003cbibref\u003e\u003cextptr href=\"https://nypost.com/2017/03/28/this-theaters-chaotic-history-includes-a-titanic-survivor-the-tonight-show-and-porn/\" title=\"https://nypost.com/2017/03/28/this-theaters-chaotic-history-includes-a-titanic-survivor-the-tonight-show-and-porn/\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003e (accessed December 12, 2018).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eANTA West records (Collection 1965). UCLA Library Special Collections, Charles E. Young Research Library, UCLA. \u003cbibref\u003e\u003cextptr href=\"https://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/c8fn1762/\" title=\"https://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/c8fn1762/\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003e (accessed December 12, 2018).\u003c/p\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Strom, Stephanie. \"Robert Breen, 80, Arts Executive And Theatrical Producer, Is Dead.\" Nytimes.com.   (accessed December 12, 2018).","Oliver, Myrna. \"Robert Breen; Initiated Cultural Exchanges.\" Articles.latimes.com.   (accessed December 12, 2018).","Riedel, Michael. \"This theater's chaotic history includes a Titanic survivor, the 'Tonight' show and porn.\" Nypost.com.   (accessed December 12, 2018).","ANTA West records (Collection 1965). UCLA Library Special Collections, Charles E. Young Research Library, UCLA.   (accessed December 12, 2018)."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRobert Breen, born December 26, 1909 in Hibbing, Minnesota, served as the Executive Secretary of the American National Theatre and Academy (ANTA) from 1946-1952, and was instrumental in much of the organization's success, both domestically and internationally. In addition to serving in the U.S. Army Air Corps, Breen had an extensive background in theater. Prior to joining ANTA, Breen founded a theater program at the College of St. Thomas in Saint Paul, Minnesota, as well as established the Chicago unit for the Works Progress Administration's Federal Theatre Project with his wife, Wilva Davis Breen. Wilva herself was instrumental in promoting and guiding ANTA's many and varied operations, and getting the organization off the ground. The Breens' apartment home - situated above the Hudson Theatre in New York City, NY - served as ANTA's early headquarters. Davis Breen served as Breen's constant support and collaborator until he passed away on March 31, 1990.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The American National Theatre and Academy (ANTA) was the United States' first national theater and dance organization, in the tradition of European national theaters. Originating in 1935 with a charter from the U.S. Congress, ANTA continued until 1966 when the National Endowment for the Arts came into being. ANTA was responsible for both the presentation of American theater in the U.S. and abroad.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Although officially formed in 1935, ANTA did not begin actual operation until 1946 due to a variety of factors, including the Great Depression and World War II. During the depression, federal funding was funnelled towards the Works Progress Administration's Federal Theatre Project, another national performing arts program. In addition to these setbacks, the ANTA board, comprised of prominent citizens and business leaders from outside the theater community, could not agree on the goals of ANTA. Eventually, Robert Breen and Robert Porterfield, two men with Army and theater backgrounds, took the reins of ANTA and initiated its revitalization. Porterfield and Breen developed ANTA's \"Foundation Plan,\" with the intention of having ANTA become the foundation for and driving force behind the stimulation of growth of American theater. The plan, successfully undertaken by Breen, Porterfield, and Breen's wife Wilva Davis Breen, called for a National Foundation to make loans and grants, insure theater projects against loss, as well as a National Service Bureau to provide technical assistance for acting companies, as well as a national clearing house for theater information. The plan was adopted by the ANTA Board in 1946.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Under the guidance of Breen, ANTA produced several projects in the U.S. with successful results during the postwar years. From 1946 - 1948, ANTA sponsored a series of plays called the Experimental Theatre. Its goal was to \"present new, interesting plays which would not see production on Broadway due to present high costs.\" Admittedly, the plays were \"not necessarily perfect\" but \"worthy of a trial production in a simplified fashion\" according to an ANTA letter offering subscription to the series, which included high profile playwrights and actors. During the late 1940s and early 1950s ANTA sponsored a number of drama festivals across the U.S., featuring well-known actors. ANTA also featured a televised production of short plays for NBC television. With the intention of promoting theater growth in the U.S. and showcasing new talent, ANTA produced, supported, and promoted theater projects all across the United States.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Internationally, ANTA promoted artistic exchange between the U.S. and Europe, and entertained American troops there. This was initiated with a 1949 tour of William Shakespeare's \"Hamlet\" throughout Europe, produced by and starring Breen in the titular role. This tour famously culminated in a performance at Elsinore Castle in Denmark - the actual setting of the play. Perhaps ANTA's, as well as Breen's, greatest success came with the international tour of George Gershwin's \"Porgy and Bess\" (produced with Blevins Davis), which toured from 1952-1956, visiting 89 cities and 29 countries. The opera's performance in the Soviet Union was considered the first cultural exchange post-World War II between the U.S. and the Soviet Union. ANTA also sponsored the American National Ballet Theatre's tour of Europe in 1950, performing in eighteen cities and eight countries. The tour lasted from August to December of 1950 and played to an audience of over 150,000, and was the first international tour of any American ballet company.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e ANTA also produced a number of Broadway plays and musicals out of the formerly named Guild Hall Theatre, renamed the ANTA Theatre in the 1960s and 1970s. ANTA West, which grew out of the Greater Los Angeles Chapter of ANTA in 1957, promoted and facilitated the growth of theater in the Southern California region.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical and Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Robert Breen, born December 26, 1909 in Hibbing, Minnesota, served as the Executive Secretary of the American National Theatre and Academy (ANTA) from 1946-1952, and was instrumental in much of the organization's success, both domestically and internationally. In addition to serving in the U.S. Army Air Corps, Breen had an extensive background in theater. Prior to joining ANTA, Breen founded a theater program at the College of St. Thomas in Saint Paul, Minnesota, as well as established the Chicago unit for the Works Progress Administration's Federal Theatre Project with his wife, Wilva Davis Breen. Wilva herself was instrumental in promoting and guiding ANTA's many and varied operations, and getting the organization off the ground. The Breens' apartment home - situated above the Hudson Theatre in New York City, NY - served as ANTA's early headquarters. Davis Breen served as Breen's constant support and collaborator until he passed away on March 31, 1990."," The American National Theatre and Academy (ANTA) was the United States' first national theater and dance organization, in the tradition of European national theaters. Originating in 1935 with a charter from the U.S. Congress, ANTA continued until 1966 when the National Endowment for the Arts came into being. ANTA was responsible for both the presentation of American theater in the U.S. and abroad."," Although officially formed in 1935, ANTA did not begin actual operation until 1946 due to a variety of factors, including the Great Depression and World War II. During the depression, federal funding was funnelled towards the Works Progress Administration's Federal Theatre Project, another national performing arts program. In addition to these setbacks, the ANTA board, comprised of prominent citizens and business leaders from outside the theater community, could not agree on the goals of ANTA. Eventually, Robert Breen and Robert Porterfield, two men with Army and theater backgrounds, took the reins of ANTA and initiated its revitalization. Porterfield and Breen developed ANTA's \"Foundation Plan,\" with the intention of having ANTA become the foundation for and driving force behind the stimulation of growth of American theater. The plan, successfully undertaken by Breen, Porterfield, and Breen's wife Wilva Davis Breen, called for a National Foundation to make loans and grants, insure theater projects against loss, as well as a National Service Bureau to provide technical assistance for acting companies, as well as a national clearing house for theater information. The plan was adopted by the ANTA Board in 1946."," Under the guidance of Breen, ANTA produced several projects in the U.S. with successful results during the postwar years. From 1946 - 1948, ANTA sponsored a series of plays called the Experimental Theatre. Its goal was to \"present new, interesting plays which would not see production on Broadway due to present high costs.\" Admittedly, the plays were \"not necessarily perfect\" but \"worthy of a trial production in a simplified fashion\" according to an ANTA letter offering subscription to the series, which included high profile playwrights and actors. During the late 1940s and early 1950s ANTA sponsored a number of drama festivals across the U.S., featuring well-known actors. ANTA also featured a televised production of short plays for NBC television. With the intention of promoting theater growth in the U.S. and showcasing new talent, ANTA produced, supported, and promoted theater projects all across the United States."," Internationally, ANTA promoted artistic exchange between the U.S. and Europe, and entertained American troops there. This was initiated with a 1949 tour of William Shakespeare's \"Hamlet\" throughout Europe, produced by and starring Breen in the titular role. This tour famously culminated in a performance at Elsinore Castle in Denmark - the actual setting of the play. Perhaps ANTA's, as well as Breen's, greatest success came with the international tour of George Gershwin's \"Porgy and Bess\" (produced with Blevins Davis), which toured from 1952-1956, visiting 89 cities and 29 countries. The opera's performance in the Soviet Union was considered the first cultural exchange post-World War II between the U.S. and the Soviet Union. ANTA also sponsored the American National Ballet Theatre's tour of Europe in 1950, performing in eighteen cities and eight countries. The tour lasted from August to December of 1950 and played to an audience of over 150,000, and was the first international tour of any American ballet company."," ANTA also produced a number of Broadway plays and musicals out of the formerly named Guild Hall Theatre, renamed the ANTA Theatre in the 1960s and 1970s. ANTA West, which grew out of the Greater Los Angeles Chapter of ANTA in 1957, promoted and facilitated the growth of theater in the Southern California region."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePart of the Robert and Wilva Breen papers was donated to The Ohio State University.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["Part of the Robert and Wilva Breen papers was donated to The Ohio State University."],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center does not have the equipment necessary to play  obsolete audiovisual material found in the found in the Robert and Wilva Breen papers. Additional time and money may be required to digitize this material for access.\u003c/p\u003e"],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements"],"phystech_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center does not have the equipment necessary to play  obsolete audiovisual material found in the found in the Robert and Wilva Breen papers. Additional time and money may be required to digitize this material for access."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRobert and Wilva Breen papers, C0004, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Robert and Wilva Breen papers, C0004, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Special Collections Research Center Staff. EAD markup completed in February 2009 by Jordan Patty. Reprocessed by Amanda Brent from 2017-2018. EAD markup completed by Amanda Brent in December 2018.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Special Collections Research Center Staff. EAD markup completed in February 2009 by Jordan Patty. Reprocessed by Amanda Brent from 2017-2018. EAD markup completed by Amanda Brent in December 2018."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections Research Center also holds the \u003cextptr href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0145\" title=\"Porgy and Bess poster collection\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, the \u003cextptr href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0002\" title=\"Federal Theatre Project collection\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, the \u003cextptr href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0043\" title=\"Robert C. Schnitzer papers\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, and many other \u003cextptr href=\"https://scrc.gmu.edu/collections-subject.php#THEATRE\" title=\"performing arts collections.\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The Ohio State University Libraries' Jerome Lawrence and Robert E. Lee Theatre Research Institute holds the \u003cextptr href=\"https://library.osu.edu/collections/spec.tri.rb\" title=\"Robert Breen and Wilva papers.\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The UCLA Library Special Collections, Charles E. Young Research Library holds the \u003cextptr href=\"https://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/c8fn1762/\" title=\"ANTA West records.\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Special Collections Research Center also holds the  , the  , the  , and many other "," The Ohio State University Libraries' Jerome Lawrence and Robert E. Lee Theatre Research Institute holds the "," The UCLA Library Special Collections, Charles E. Young Research Library holds the "],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Robert and Wilva Breen papers consists of correspondence, memoranda, newsclippings, photographs, notebooks, and audiovisual materials largely related to the creation and running of the American National Theater and Academy (ANTA), as well as Robert and Wilva Breen's long-term involvement with the organization from 1944 through the 1950s. The collection also contains many photographs of theaters and theatrical performances from across the United States, including from Broadway and Off-Broadway theaters and shows, as well as numerous colleges, universities, high schools, and local children's theaters. The bulk of the collection originates from the 1940s - 2000s, with an outlier date of 1834 from an antique newspaper.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Robert and Wilva Breen papers consists of correspondence, memoranda, newsclippings, photographs, notebooks, and audiovisual materials largely related to the creation and running of the American National Theater and Academy (ANTA), as well as Robert and Wilva Breen's long-term involvement with the organization from 1944 through the 1950s. The collection also contains many photographs of theaters and theatrical performances from across the United States, including from Broadway and Off-Broadway theaters and shows, as well as numerous colleges, universities, high schools, and local children's theaters. The bulk of the collection originates from the 1940s - 2000s, with an outlier date of 1834 from an antique newspaper."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_ref348\"\u003eThe Robert and Wilva Breen papers consists of correspondence, memoranda, newsclippings, photographs, notebooks, and audiovisual materials largely related to the creation and running of the American National Theater and Academy (ANTA), as well as Robert and Wilva Breen's long-term involvement with the organization. The bulk of the collection originates from 1933 - 2000s, with an outlier date of 1834 from an antique newspaper.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Robert and Wilva Breen papers consists of correspondence, memoranda, newsclippings, photographs, notebooks, and audiovisual materials largely related to the creation and running of the American National Theater and Academy (ANTA), as well as Robert and Wilva Breen's long-term involvement with the organization. The bulk of the collection originates from 1933 - 2000s, with an outlier date of 1834 from an antique newspaper."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_ddb931edc4f44bf997d326b2923a7505\"\u003eR2, C9, S3- C11, S7\nR3 C1 S1 - C2, S5\nOSR3, C4, S4\nMap Case 8.1-8.2, 9.1\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["R2, C9, S3- C11, S7\nR3 C1 S1 - C2, S5\nOSR3, C4, S4\nMap Case 8.1-8.2, 9.1"],"names_coll_ssim":["American National Ballet Theater","American National Theatre and Academy","ANTA (Organization)","ANTA West (Organization)","Porterfield, Robert, 1905-1971"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","American National Ballet Theater","American National Theatre and Academy","ANTA (Organization)","ANTA West (Organization)","Breen, Robert","Breen, Wilva","Porterfield, Robert, 1905-1971"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","American National Ballet Theater","American National Theatre and Academy","ANTA (Organization)","ANTA West (Organization)"],"persname_ssim":["Breen, Robert","Breen, Wilva","Porterfield, Robert, 1905-1971"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":3014,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-10T18:09:53.073Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_521_c1234"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_6_c04_c02_c03","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"1935 Local Arrangements","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_3_resources_6_c04_c02_c03#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_6_c04_c02_c03","ref_ssm":["vircu_repositories_3_resources_6_c04_c02_c03"],"id":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_6_c04_c02_c03","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_6","_root_":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_6","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_6_c04_c02","parent_ssi":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_6_c04_c02","parent_ssim":["vircu_repositories_3_resources_6","vircu_repositories_3_resources_6_c04","vircu_repositories_3_resources_6_c04_c02"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_3_resources_6","vircu_repositories_3_resources_6_c04","vircu_repositories_3_resources_6_c04_c02"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Virginia Dental Association records","Series 4: Annual Meetings","Subseries 4.2: Local Arrangements and Program Committee Records"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Virginia Dental Association records","Series 4: Annual Meetings","Subseries 4.2: Local Arrangements and Program Committee Records"],"text":["Virginia Dental Association records","Series 4: Annual Meetings","Subseries 4.2: Local Arrangements and Program Committee Records","1935 Local Arrangements","box 23"],"title_filing_ssi":"1935 Local Arrangements","title_ssm":["1935 Local Arrangements"],"title_tesim":["1935 Local Arrangements"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1934-1935"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1934/1935"],"normalized_title_ssm":["1935 Local Arrangements"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["Virginia Dental Association records"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":127,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open for use without restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"date_range_isim":[1934,1935],"containers_ssim":["box 23"],"_nest_path_":"/components#3/components#1/components#2","timestamp":"2026-05-21T04:33:13.264Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_6","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_6","_root_":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_6","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_6","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_3_resources_6.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vcu-tm/vircuh00044.xml","title_ssm":["Virginia Dental Association records"],"title_tesim":["Virginia Dental Association records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1870-2011","1870-1985"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1870-1985"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1870-2011"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1988.Jul.17","/repositories/3/resources/6"],"text":["1988.Jul.17","/repositories/3/resources/6","Virginia Dental Association records","Dentists -- Virginia","Dental schools -- Virginia","Dentistry -- Societies, etc.","Dentistry -- History -- Virginia","African American dentists -- Virginia.","Societies, Dental.","History of Dentistry.","Dentists -- History","Collection is open for use without restrictions.","VCU Libraries digitized the  Bulletin of the Virginia State Dental Association  and the  Virginia Dental Journal  with the permission and collaboration of the Virginia Dental Association. Visit   VCU Scholars Compass  to view the full run of the journal.","The records of the Virgina Dental Association have been divided into ten series with subseries as needed. Series 1: Annual Compilation of Records, 1870-1972 -- Series 2: Financial Records, 1887-1975 -- Series 3: Committees, 1924-1979 -- Series 4: Annual Meetings, 1929-1980 -- Series 5: Correspondence, 1917-1985 -- Series 6: Component Societies, 1931-1978 -- Series 7: Administrative Files, 1919-1984 -- Series 8: National and State Dental Organizations, 1923-1976 -- Series 9: One Hundred Years of Dentistry in Virginia, 1873-1963 -- Series 10: VDA Journals, 1928-2011. Efforts have been made to preserve the original arrangement of these files where applicable.","On November 3, 1870 nine Virginia dentists met in Richmond to establish an organization to \"cultivate the science and the art of dentistry, and all its collateral branches, to elevate and sustain the professional character of dentists; and to promote amongst them mutual improvement, social intercourse and good will.\" This meeting marked the creation of the Virginia Dental Association (VDA) or the Virginia State Dental Association as it was named when first created. The VDA changed to its current name in 1970. The VDA was the successor to the first professional dental organization, the Virginia Society of Surgeon Dentists which was formed in 1842.","An early goal of the VDA was to create standards and regulations for the profession. When the VDA was formed there were no statutes regulating the practice of dentistry in Virginia. The VDA spent several years drafting a bill to present to the state legislature culminating in the passage of the Dental Act of 1886. This act also established the Virginia Board of Dental Examiners. The VDA also successfully campaigned in 1915 to have a representative on the State Board of Health making Virginia the first state to include a dentist on such a board. In 1936 the VDA helped pass a bill that outlawed advertising dental services and prices as a means of protecting the public from unethical dental practices. This remained in effect until the early 1980s when the Federal Trade Commission ruled that truthful advertising could not be restricted.","Dental education was another subject of much interest and debate for the VDA. They supported the creation of the first dental school in Virginia in 1893 at the University College of Medicine (UCM). In 1913 UCM merged with the Medical College of Virginia (MCV), which had created its own dental school in 1897. For a time some members of the VDA thought that dentist should obtain an M.D. degree to practice medicine. The Dental Act only required a diploma and a certificate from the state board to practice dentistry. A dental degree was not required to sit for the state board exam. A law requiring an M.D. was passed in 1910, but was repealed in 1914 before any provisions were enacted.","The VDA, which is a component of the American Dental Association, created component societies in 1931. This was to better facilitate communication and professional development for member dentists throughout the state. Dentists who joined a component society also became members of the state and national associations through this tripartate structure. Virginia was divided into eight regions. Each region was arranged to have an existing local society within the area to become the component group where applicable. This arrangement is still in place today. The component societies are:","Component 1, Virginia Tidewater Dental Association, founded 1880","Component 2, Peninsula Dental Society, founded 1934","Component 3, Southside Dental Society, founded 1925","Component 4, Richmond Dental Society, founded 1894","Component 5, Piedmont Dental Society, founded 1916","Component 6, Southwest Virginia Dental Society, founded 1917","Component 7, Shenandoah Valley Dental Association, founded 1914","Component 8, Northern Virginia Dental Society, founded 1931","The VDA began publishing its journal the  Bulletin of the Virginia State Dental Association  in 1923. After sporadic publication for the first ten years the VDA began publishing on a regular schedule. The number of issues published has varied from three to six. The journal is currently published quarterly. The title was changed to the  Virginia Dental Journal  in 1964. It is a resource for members to find information about professional and scientific developments, legislative issues, and annual meetings. The journal also includes editorials and news updates from the component societies.","An annual meeting of the VDA was held for members to come together and benefit from the mutual exchange of ideas and practical knowledge. The meetings offered an opportunity to focus on issues such as professional ethics, dental legislation, public health and service, and education. Much of the work of the organization was carried out by committees, all of which were overseen by the governing body the Executive Council. The VDA had three elected officers the president, the preseident-elect, and the secretary-treasurer, as well as several appointed officers including the editor of the journal. The VDA did not have a headquarters until the organization hired its first executive secretary in 1964 and she set up the headquarters in her home. Since that time it has been located in several areas around Richmond. Today the VDA is governed by a board of directors and still holds an annual meeting. The VDA continues to help improve the profession and its members, support dental education, promote public dental health, and provide outreach services to underserved populations.","A digitized copy of the published  One Hundred Years of Dentistry in Virginia, 1869-1969  is available in VCU Libraries Digital Collections.","The records of the Virginia Dental Association (VDA), 1870-2011, include the official minutes and proceedings of the organization as well as committee records, component society materials, correspondence, financial records, annual meeting records and programs, membership records, subject files, materials relating to the American Dental Association and other national, state, and local dental organizations, and research files used to write One Hundred Years of Dentistry in Virginia. These records provide insight into the changes in the dental profession and also the evolution of professional organizations in general.","Series 1: Annual Compilation of Records, 1870-1972. This series, divided into two subseries, consists of the official minutes of the VDA and the records of the Executive Council, the main governing body of the organization.","Subseries 1.1: Minute Books, 1870-1963. The minute books contain annual meeting programs and proceedings, speeches and papers delivered at the meetings, the Bulletin the official publication of the VDA, committee reports, financial statements, newspaper clippings, member lists, and meeting attendee lists including guests and exhibitors. Also included in the minute books are reports from the Bureau of Dental Heath which often contains statistics regarding race and schools where clinics were held and reports of the State Board of Dental Examiners which include statistics regarding applicants for dental licenses.","Subseries 1.2: Executive Council Records, 1931-1972, bulk 1962-1972. These records include meeting minutes and reports along with some correspondence.","Series 2: Financial Records, 1887-1975. These records include bank statements and deposits, invoices, proposed budgets, receipts, and treasurer's books.","Series 3: Committees, 1924-1979. This series contains materials such as correspondence and reports of various standing and special committees.","Series 4: Annual Meetings, 1924-1980. This series includes materials related to the planning and execution of the meetings and is divided into four subseries.","Subseries 4.1: Annual Meeting Records, 1929-1980. This subseries contains general records such as correspondence, financial information, and publicity related to the planning of each annual meeting. Some files also include the proceedings for the meeting as well. The planning for most meetings began one to two years prior to the event, which is indicated by the inclusive date range listed for each folder.","Subseries 4.2: Local Arrangements and Program Committees, 1929-1939, 1954-1956, 1965. Materials in this subseries include correspondence and planning information related to arrangements for clinics, programs, and entertainment at the annual meetings.","Subseries 4.3: Programs, 1924-1970. This subseries contains copies of the official meeting programs.","Subseries 4.4: Meeting Exhibitors, 1927-1980. This subseries includes correspondence with vendors of dental related products and services requesting that the vendors purchase exhibit space or buy advertisements in the meeting program.","Series 5: Correspondence, 1917-1985. This series is divided into two subseries.","Subseries 5.1: General VDA Correspondence, 1917-1975. This subseries consists mostly of correspondence between the membership and the officers of the VDA. There is also some correspondence with the ADA, other state dental societies, the Virginia State Health Department, Virginia Board of Dental Examiners, and other state offices. The subjects most often covered include dues (overdue notices and disputes), issues related to the governance and structure of the VDA, meeting planning (locations, exhibitors, entertainment, and programs), legislative issues related dentistry, and professional ethics issues (advertising, obligations to public health, etc).","Subseries 5.2: Officer's Correspondence and Related Materials, 1927-1985. These files consist primarily of correspondence of specific officers of the VDA. Additionaly, some files also include speeches, photographs, and clippings.","Series 6: Component Societies, 1931-1978. This series contains materials such as correspondence, membership lists, and meeting programs from the eight component societies in Virginia.","Series 7: Administrative Files, 1919-1984. This series consists of subject and court files and is divided into two subseries.","Subseries 7:1: Subject Files, 1919-1984. Contains various subject files relating to legislative and professional issues, membership benefits such as insurance and retirement plans, and other materials such as newspaper clippings and photographs. Also includes membership card files kept by the VDA.","Subseries 7.2: Federal Trade Commission Case, 1960-1978. This subseries pertains to the Federal Trade Commission complaint against the American Dental Association and several of its constituent groups including the Virginia Dental Association and the Northern Virginia Dental Society (American Dental Association, et. al., Docket No. 9093). The FTC complaint stated that the ADA ethical codes violated anittrust laws by barring advertising and preventing price competition. Part of the defense strategy was to prove that the VDA and the NVDS were non-profit groups and as such were outside the FTC's jurisdiction. Documents in this subseries include Children's Dental Health Week materials, public service brochures promoting dental care, newspaper clipping discussing community outreach programs by the VDA, and materials on the governance and benefits of the two groups.","Series 8: National and State Dental Organizations, 1923-1976. This series contains materials such as correspondence, brochures, and newsletters from various other dental organizations includuing the American Dental Association, several local Virginia dental clubs, and some out-of-state dental groups.","Series 9: One Hundred Years of Dentistry in Virginia, 1873-1969. This series contains essays, speeches, research notes, photographs and related materials that were compiled to write this history. Research materials were compiled primarily by Hermie Wait Powell, the author, and Dr. William Newton Hodgkins","Series 10: VDA Journals, 1928-2011. This series contains an incomplete set of the  Bulletin  and the  Virginia Dental Journal . There are eight bound volumes of the Bulletin, loose issues of the Virginia Dental Journal from 1976-1983, 2008-2009, and 2011, and a DVD with the electronic version from 2004-2008. ","Contains six minute books: 1870-1877, 1878-1892, 1893-1903, 1904-1905, 1906-1911, and 1912-1915","The 1922 minutes mention that three women dentists were admitted into the VDA for the first time.","At the 1932 annual meeting Martin Dewey, president of the ADA, discussed the lack of Black dentists and also issues regarding dentists working with the Native American population.","The 1936 minutes contain letters from other Virginia dental groups, including the Old Dominion Dental Society (the separate organization for Black dentists), regarding support for legislation to outlaw advertising dentists.","The 1942 annual meeting marked the centennial celebration of organized dentistry in Virginia. The minutes include a resolution by the Committee on Tire Priorities for the Richmond Dental Society authorizing the VDA to work to have dentists given priority rating for automobile tires; a presentation by M.S. McClung of the Office of Price Control discussing the need for price control during war time; and Dr. Harry Bear's discussion of the accelerated program at the Medical College of Virginia, School of Dentistry for those persons who join the Army or Navy reserves during World War II.","During the 1952 meeting the president, J.H. Cocks, discussed civil defense training for dentists in the case of atomic attack. He also recommended the next president appoint a committee to study racial segregation as it concerned membership in the VDA.","Several documents from 1962 discuss the inclusion of Blacks in the VDA membership.","This committee was formerly known as Mouth Hygiene.","This committee was formed as a result of the Depression-era Federal Emergency Relief Administration. The committee worked with the state Emergency Relief Administration to set a fee scale for dental work performed for the unemployed.","This committee arranged a testimonial dinner at the annual meeting to honor Dr. Harry Lyons and his leadership as president of the American Dental Association.","The questionnaire includes full name, date of birth, name of colleges attended and degrees earned, date of admission to the association, veteran status and rank held, and any offices held in the association at the component and state levels.","The Mouth Hygiene committee became the Council on Dental Health in 1948. Folder 17 includes educational posters that were created to promote dental health.","This file contains reports from several special committees including Constitution and Bylaws, Collection of Amalgam Scraps, and a committee to study the feasibility of hiring an executive secretary for the Association.","This meeting was a convention cruise to Havana and Nassau.","Two meetings were held in 1966. The first was a convention cruise to San Juan and St. Thomas. The second meeting was held in Norfolk. Materials include registration cards and passenger lists for the cruise in addition to the general correspondence and other materials related to the planning of the meetings.","Folder 13 contains several photographs of the banquet.","Includes samples of meeting badges from several vendors","Several letters (June 16 and 19, December 2 and 13) between the VDA and the Old Dominion Dental Society discuss allowing Blacks membership in the VDA.","A letter dated April 11 states that the VDA has three female members.","Several letters concerning a bill that would more fully define the practice of dentistry and make it illegal for a person to conduct a dental practice under a trade name or corporation and a letter (December 29) from the ADA discussing the difficulties dentists encounter using alcohol in their practices due to Prohibition laws.","Several letters discussing dental care for school children in the Roanoke area and concerns about advertising dentists.","Correspondence about lifting the licensing tax on dentists.","A letter (April 17) from J.E. John of the VDA to C.J. Caraballo of Florida asking for guidance in accepting blacks into the state dental society. Caraballos' response (April 23) stated that both Florida and Alabama allowed Blacks to attend state meetings as guests and to pay a fee into the treasury to obtain a membership card which entitled them to membership in the ADA as well.","Correspondence includes a letter (April 29) from the Southern California State Dental Association regarding the formation of a National Woman's Auxiliary Board and another letter (November 10) from the ADA regarding the Army Dental Corps bill to increase the number of dentists to improve the level of care and service for military personnel.","Correspondence includes letters regarding the possible formation of a Southern Dental Association, a letter from the American Dental Hygienists' Association asking for names of licensed hygienists (licenses not required in Virginia at that time), and Stephen J. Lewis of the Old Dominion Dental Society asking for a copy of the VDA constitution and the bylaws to use as a guide for reorganizing their group.","Includes a letter (May 23) from F. L. Adams of Florida regarding membership of black dentists in the Virginia Association. The letter mentions a proposal to the ADA to provide black dentists with the opportunity to join the ADA via their membership in the National Dental Association.","Correspondence includes a letter (May 18) from the VDA to Congressman Richard A. Poff expressing their hope that he will vote against the Anti-Fluoridation Bill.","Includes letters discussing the portion of the VDA bylaws which stated the Executive Council must approve members elected by the component societies. This was in conflict with the ADA bylaws, so an amendment was made stating that the component societies had the final say on members.","Correspondence includes an invitation from the ADA for a US Army sponsored program on nuclear disaster preparedness and the potential of using dentists in a para-medical capacity during an emergency.","President, 1980; also includes a copy of his President's Address.","President, 1928.","President, 1977.","President, 1978; also includes a copy of his President's Address as well as a few other speeches and clippings.","President, 1979; also includes a photograph, a copy of his President's Address, and clippings.","President, 1971; also includes a copy of his President's Address.","Executive Council, 1934; his correspondence mostly pertains to his work to abolish the state dental license tax.","President, 1970.","President, 1985, also includes a copy of his President's Address and a photograph.","President, 1940.","President, 1930; Secretary-Treasurer, 1935-1939.","President, 1974; also includes a copy of his President's Address and several other speeches.","President, 1969; also includes campaign materials for his 1975 bid for president of the ADA.","President, 1984; also includes a photograph and a 1984 speech to the MCV dental graduates.","President, 1936.","President, 1968.","President, 1983; also includes a copy of his President's Address.","President, 1972; also includes a photograph.","President, 1958.","Secretary-Treasurer, 1929-1935.","President, 1980; also includes a copy of his President's Address.","President, 1973; also includes a photograph.","Correspondence regarding the organization of local dental groups into component societies of the VDA and membership lists.","Materials for component society 8 include correspondence, annual reports, a history of the group, and programs from component meetings.","Contains correspondence, meeting minutes, and programs for the planning of the 1952 conference.","This lawsuit was filed in reaction to the charges by the NVDS that Golec had violated the ethics code of the Society by sending announcement cards to area dentist announcing service and staff additions at his practice. The suit was settled, the actions against Golec were expunged from his record, and the appropriate portion of the NVDS Code of Ethics was changed.","These records contain index cards listing member information including name, address, birth date, college attended, specialty, military service, details of participation in the VDA, and death date. Some records have obituaries attached. To view an Excel spreadsheet of all the dentists listed along with their college, date of graduation, city of practice, date of initial VDA membership, and death date please  click here .","Correspondence regarding this act and the designation of certain military bases as \"rural areas\" so that dependents on base could receive treatment from a military dentist.","A dental care program for school aged children","A request for documents from the law firm representing the VDA in the FTC case. Folders 22-28 contain the requested documents.","The newspaper clippings discuss the public dental health initiatives and other non-profit activities in which the VDA had engaged.","The manual was developed by the VDA and the Old Dominion Dental Society.","Documents relating to the governance and benefits of the VDA.","Documents relating to the VDA and the Northern Virginia Dental Society, both named in the FTC case.","These files include dues information, junior and student member information, and membership statements.","Address delivered by Dr. Carter Perkins before the Virginia Dental Society.","See also box 34 which contains oversized items from this file","Former president (1887), items include letters, programs, and announcements.","Former president of the VDA, he had collected information on the history of dentistry in Virginia and this book was dedicated to him.","Former president of the VDA. Items include memos from the dental surgeon of the 29th Division of the American Expeditionary Forces, some correspondences, and some essays on dental practice and history.","See also box 34 which contains oversized items from this file.","This box contains typed note cards with information regarding the history of dentistry in Virginia, the VDA, dental legislation and procedures, and other related topics.","This box contains oversized items from the collection.","Please note that this is not a complete run of the journal.","There are no restrictions.","VCU Health Sciences Library","Virginia Dental Association","American Dental Association","Virginia. Department of Health","Virginia. Board of Dentistry","Hodgkin, William N., 1890-1961","Powell, Hermie Wait","English"],"unitid_tesim":["1988.Jul.17","/repositories/3/resources/6"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Virginia Dental Association records"],"collection_title_tesim":["Virginia Dental Association records"],"collection_ssim":["Virginia Dental Association records"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Virginia Dental Association"],"creator_ssim":["Virginia Dental Association"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Virginia Dental Association"],"creators_ssim":["Virginia Dental Association"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of the Virginia Dental Association."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Dentists -- Virginia","Dental schools -- Virginia","Dentistry -- Societies, etc.","Dentistry -- History -- Virginia","African American dentists -- Virginia.","Societies, Dental.","History of Dentistry.","Dentists -- History"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Dentists -- Virginia","Dental schools -- Virginia","Dentistry -- Societies, etc.","Dentistry -- History -- Virginia","African American dentists -- Virginia.","Societies, Dental.","History of Dentistry.","Dentists -- History"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["27 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["27 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for use without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for use without restrictions."],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals"],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVCU Libraries digitized the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBulletin of the Virginia State Dental Association\u003c/emph\u003e and the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eVirginia Dental Journal\u003c/emph\u003e with the permission and collaboration of the Virginia Dental Association. Visit \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/vdj/\"\u003e VCU Scholars Compass\u003c/extref\u003e to view the full run of the journal.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["VCU Libraries digitized the  Bulletin of the Virginia State Dental Association  and the  Virginia Dental Journal  with the permission and collaboration of the Virginia Dental Association. Visit   VCU Scholars Compass  to view the full run of the journal."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe records of the Virgina Dental Association have been divided into ten series with subseries as needed. Series 1: Annual Compilation of Records, 1870-1972 -- Series 2: Financial Records, 1887-1975 -- Series 3: Committees, 1924-1979 -- Series 4: Annual Meetings, 1929-1980 -- Series 5: Correspondence, 1917-1985 -- Series 6: Component Societies, 1931-1978 -- Series 7: Administrative Files, 1919-1984 -- Series 8: National and State Dental Organizations, 1923-1976 -- Series 9: One Hundred Years of Dentistry in Virginia, 1873-1963 -- Series 10: VDA Journals, 1928-2011. Efforts have been made to preserve the original arrangement of these files where applicable.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The records of the Virgina Dental Association have been divided into ten series with subseries as needed. Series 1: Annual Compilation of Records, 1870-1972 -- Series 2: Financial Records, 1887-1975 -- Series 3: Committees, 1924-1979 -- Series 4: Annual Meetings, 1929-1980 -- Series 5: Correspondence, 1917-1985 -- Series 6: Component Societies, 1931-1978 -- Series 7: Administrative Files, 1919-1984 -- Series 8: National and State Dental Organizations, 1923-1976 -- Series 9: One Hundred Years of Dentistry in Virginia, 1873-1963 -- Series 10: VDA Journals, 1928-2011. Efforts have been made to preserve the original arrangement of these files where applicable."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOn November 3, 1870 nine Virginia dentists met in Richmond to establish an organization to \"cultivate the science and the art of dentistry, and all its collateral branches, to elevate and sustain the professional character of dentists; and to promote amongst them mutual improvement, social intercourse and good will.\" This meeting marked the creation of the Virginia Dental Association (VDA) or the Virginia State Dental Association as it was named when first created. The VDA changed to its current name in 1970. The VDA was the successor to the first professional dental organization, the Virginia Society of Surgeon Dentists which was formed in 1842.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAn early goal of the VDA was to create standards and regulations for the profession. When the VDA was formed there were no statutes regulating the practice of dentistry in Virginia. The VDA spent several years drafting a bill to present to the state legislature culminating in the passage of the Dental Act of 1886. This act also established the Virginia Board of Dental Examiners. The VDA also successfully campaigned in 1915 to have a representative on the State Board of Health making Virginia the first state to include a dentist on such a board. In 1936 the VDA helped pass a bill that outlawed advertising dental services and prices as a means of protecting the public from unethical dental practices. This remained in effect until the early 1980s when the Federal Trade Commission ruled that truthful advertising could not be restricted.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDental education was another subject of much interest and debate for the VDA. They supported the creation of the first dental school in Virginia in 1893 at the University College of Medicine (UCM). In 1913 UCM merged with the Medical College of Virginia (MCV), which had created its own dental school in 1897. For a time some members of the VDA thought that dentist should obtain an M.D. degree to practice medicine. The Dental Act only required a diploma and a certificate from the state board to practice dentistry. A dental degree was not required to sit for the state board exam. A law requiring an M.D. was passed in 1910, but was repealed in 1914 before any provisions were enacted.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe VDA, which is a component of the American Dental Association, created component societies in 1931. This was to better facilitate communication and professional development for member dentists throughout the state. Dentists who joined a component society also became members of the state and national associations through this tripartate structure. Virginia was divided into eight regions. Each region was arranged to have an existing local society within the area to become the component group where applicable. This arrangement is still in place today. The component societies are:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eComponent 1, Virginia Tidewater Dental Association, founded 1880\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eComponent 2, Peninsula Dental Society, founded 1934\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eComponent 3, Southside Dental Society, founded 1925\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eComponent 4, Richmond Dental Society, founded 1894\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eComponent 5, Piedmont Dental Society, founded 1916\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eComponent 6, Southwest Virginia Dental Society, founded 1917\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eComponent 7, Shenandoah Valley Dental Association, founded 1914\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eComponent 8, Northern Virginia Dental Society, founded 1931\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe VDA began publishing its journal the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBulletin of the Virginia State Dental Association\u003c/emph\u003e in 1923. After sporadic publication for the first ten years the VDA began publishing on a regular schedule. The number of issues published has varied from three to six. The journal is currently published quarterly. The title was changed to the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eVirginia Dental Journal\u003c/emph\u003e in 1964. It is a resource for members to find information about professional and scientific developments, legislative issues, and annual meetings. The journal also includes editorials and news updates from the component societies.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAn annual meeting of the VDA was held for members to come together and benefit from the mutual exchange of ideas and practical knowledge. The meetings offered an opportunity to focus on issues such as professional ethics, dental legislation, public health and service, and education. Much of the work of the organization was carried out by committees, all of which were overseen by the governing body the Executive Council. The VDA had three elected officers the president, the preseident-elect, and the secretary-treasurer, as well as several appointed officers including the editor of the journal. The VDA did not have a headquarters until the organization hired its first executive secretary in 1964 and she set up the headquarters in her home. Since that time it has been located in several areas around Richmond. Today the VDA is governed by a board of directors and still holds an annual meeting. The VDA continues to help improve the profession and its members, support dental education, promote public dental health, and provide outreach services to underserved populations.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["On November 3, 1870 nine Virginia dentists met in Richmond to establish an organization to \"cultivate the science and the art of dentistry, and all its collateral branches, to elevate and sustain the professional character of dentists; and to promote amongst them mutual improvement, social intercourse and good will.\" This meeting marked the creation of the Virginia Dental Association (VDA) or the Virginia State Dental Association as it was named when first created. The VDA changed to its current name in 1970. The VDA was the successor to the first professional dental organization, the Virginia Society of Surgeon Dentists which was formed in 1842.","An early goal of the VDA was to create standards and regulations for the profession. When the VDA was formed there were no statutes regulating the practice of dentistry in Virginia. The VDA spent several years drafting a bill to present to the state legislature culminating in the passage of the Dental Act of 1886. This act also established the Virginia Board of Dental Examiners. The VDA also successfully campaigned in 1915 to have a representative on the State Board of Health making Virginia the first state to include a dentist on such a board. In 1936 the VDA helped pass a bill that outlawed advertising dental services and prices as a means of protecting the public from unethical dental practices. This remained in effect until the early 1980s when the Federal Trade Commission ruled that truthful advertising could not be restricted.","Dental education was another subject of much interest and debate for the VDA. They supported the creation of the first dental school in Virginia in 1893 at the University College of Medicine (UCM). In 1913 UCM merged with the Medical College of Virginia (MCV), which had created its own dental school in 1897. For a time some members of the VDA thought that dentist should obtain an M.D. degree to practice medicine. The Dental Act only required a diploma and a certificate from the state board to practice dentistry. A dental degree was not required to sit for the state board exam. A law requiring an M.D. was passed in 1910, but was repealed in 1914 before any provisions were enacted.","The VDA, which is a component of the American Dental Association, created component societies in 1931. This was to better facilitate communication and professional development for member dentists throughout the state. Dentists who joined a component society also became members of the state and national associations through this tripartate structure. Virginia was divided into eight regions. Each region was arranged to have an existing local society within the area to become the component group where applicable. This arrangement is still in place today. The component societies are:","Component 1, Virginia Tidewater Dental Association, founded 1880","Component 2, Peninsula Dental Society, founded 1934","Component 3, Southside Dental Society, founded 1925","Component 4, Richmond Dental Society, founded 1894","Component 5, Piedmont Dental Society, founded 1916","Component 6, Southwest Virginia Dental Society, founded 1917","Component 7, Shenandoah Valley Dental Association, founded 1914","Component 8, Northern Virginia Dental Society, founded 1931","The VDA began publishing its journal the  Bulletin of the Virginia State Dental Association  in 1923. After sporadic publication for the first ten years the VDA began publishing on a regular schedule. The number of issues published has varied from three to six. The journal is currently published quarterly. The title was changed to the  Virginia Dental Journal  in 1964. It is a resource for members to find information about professional and scientific developments, legislative issues, and annual meetings. The journal also includes editorials and news updates from the component societies.","An annual meeting of the VDA was held for members to come together and benefit from the mutual exchange of ideas and practical knowledge. The meetings offered an opportunity to focus on issues such as professional ethics, dental legislation, public health and service, and education. Much of the work of the organization was carried out by committees, all of which were overseen by the governing body the Executive Council. The VDA had three elected officers the president, the preseident-elect, and the secretary-treasurer, as well as several appointed officers including the editor of the journal. The VDA did not have a headquarters until the organization hired its first executive secretary in 1964 and she set up the headquarters in her home. Since that time it has been located in several areas around Richmond. Today the VDA is governed by a board of directors and still holds an annual meeting. The VDA continues to help improve the profession and its members, support dental education, promote public dental health, and provide outreach services to underserved populations."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRecords of the Virginia Dental Association, Accession # 88/Jul/17, Special Collections and Archives, Health Sciences Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Dental Association, Accession # 88/Jul/17, Special Collections and Archives, Health Sciences Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va."],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA digitized copy of the published \u003ctitle\u003eOne Hundred Years of Dentistry in Virginia, 1869-1969\u003c/title\u003e is available in VCU Libraries Digital Collections.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["A digitized copy of the published  One Hundred Years of Dentistry in Virginia, 1869-1969  is available in VCU Libraries Digital Collections."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe records of the Virginia Dental Association (VDA), 1870-2011, include the official minutes and proceedings of the organization as well as committee records, component society materials, correspondence, financial records, annual meeting records and programs, membership records, subject files, materials relating to the American Dental Association and other national, state, and local dental organizations, and research files used to write One Hundred Years of Dentistry in Virginia. These records provide insight into the changes in the dental profession and also the evolution of professional organizations in general.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Annual Compilation of Records, 1870-1972. This series, divided into two subseries, consists of the official minutes of the VDA and the records of the Executive Council, the main governing body of the organization.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 1.1: Minute Books, 1870-1963. The minute books contain annual meeting programs and proceedings, speeches and papers delivered at the meetings, the Bulletin the official publication of the VDA, committee reports, financial statements, newspaper clippings, member lists, and meeting attendee lists including guests and exhibitors. Also included in the minute books are reports from the Bureau of Dental Heath which often contains statistics regarding race and schools where clinics were held and reports of the State Board of Dental Examiners which include statistics regarding applicants for dental licenses.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 1.2: Executive Council Records, 1931-1972, bulk 1962-1972. These records include meeting minutes and reports along with some correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Financial Records, 1887-1975. These records include bank statements and deposits, invoices, proposed budgets, receipts, and treasurer's books.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Committees, 1924-1979. This series contains materials such as correspondence and reports of various standing and special committees.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Annual Meetings, 1924-1980. This series includes materials related to the planning and execution of the meetings and is divided into four subseries.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 4.1: Annual Meeting Records, 1929-1980. This subseries contains general records such as correspondence, financial information, and publicity related to the planning of each annual meeting. Some files also include the proceedings for the meeting as well. The planning for most meetings began one to two years prior to the event, which is indicated by the inclusive date range listed for each folder.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 4.2: Local Arrangements and Program Committees, 1929-1939, 1954-1956, 1965. Materials in this subseries include correspondence and planning information related to arrangements for clinics, programs, and entertainment at the annual meetings.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 4.3: Programs, 1924-1970. This subseries contains copies of the official meeting programs.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 4.4: Meeting Exhibitors, 1927-1980. This subseries includes correspondence with vendors of dental related products and services requesting that the vendors purchase exhibit space or buy advertisements in the meeting program.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Correspondence, 1917-1985. This series is divided into two subseries.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 5.1: General VDA Correspondence, 1917-1975. This subseries consists mostly of correspondence between the membership and the officers of the VDA. There is also some correspondence with the ADA, other state dental societies, the Virginia State Health Department, Virginia Board of Dental Examiners, and other state offices. The subjects most often covered include dues (overdue notices and disputes), issues related to the governance and structure of the VDA, meeting planning (locations, exhibitors, entertainment, and programs), legislative issues related dentistry, and professional ethics issues (advertising, obligations to public health, etc).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 5.2: Officer's Correspondence and Related Materials, 1927-1985. These files consist primarily of correspondence of specific officers of the VDA. Additionaly, some files also include speeches, photographs, and clippings.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6: Component Societies, 1931-1978. This series contains materials such as correspondence, membership lists, and meeting programs from the eight component societies in Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 7: Administrative Files, 1919-1984. This series consists of subject and court files and is divided into two subseries.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 7:1: Subject Files, 1919-1984. Contains various subject files relating to legislative and professional issues, membership benefits such as insurance and retirement plans, and other materials such as newspaper clippings and photographs. Also includes membership card files kept by the VDA.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 7.2: Federal Trade Commission Case, 1960-1978. This subseries pertains to the Federal Trade Commission complaint against the American Dental Association and several of its constituent groups including the Virginia Dental Association and the Northern Virginia Dental Society (American Dental Association, et. al., Docket No. 9093). The FTC complaint stated that the ADA ethical codes violated anittrust laws by barring advertising and preventing price competition. Part of the defense strategy was to prove that the VDA and the NVDS were non-profit groups and as such were outside the FTC's jurisdiction. Documents in this subseries include Children's Dental Health Week materials, public service brochures promoting dental care, newspaper clipping discussing community outreach programs by the VDA, and materials on the governance and benefits of the two groups.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 8: National and State Dental Organizations, 1923-1976. This series contains materials such as correspondence, brochures, and newsletters from various other dental organizations includuing the American Dental Association, several local Virginia dental clubs, and some out-of-state dental groups.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 9: One Hundred Years of Dentistry in Virginia, 1873-1969. This series contains essays, speeches, research notes, photographs and related materials that were compiled to write this history. Research materials were compiled primarily by Hermie Wait Powell, the author, and Dr. William Newton Hodgkins\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 10: VDA Journals, 1928-2011. This series contains an incomplete set of the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBulletin\u003c/emph\u003e and the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eVirginia Dental Journal\u003c/emph\u003e. There are eight bound volumes of the Bulletin, loose issues of the Virginia Dental Journal from 1976-1983, 2008-2009, and 2011, and a DVD with the electronic version from 2004-2008. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains six minute books: 1870-1877, 1878-1892, 1893-1903, 1904-1905, 1906-1911, and 1912-1915\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe 1922 minutes mention that three women dentists were admitted into the VDA for the first time.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAt the 1932 annual meeting Martin Dewey, president of the ADA, discussed the lack of Black dentists and also issues regarding dentists working with the Native American population.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe 1936 minutes contain letters from other Virginia dental groups, including the Old Dominion Dental Society (the separate organization for Black dentists), regarding support for legislation to outlaw advertising dentists.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe 1942 annual meeting marked the centennial celebration of organized dentistry in Virginia. The minutes include a resolution by the Committee on Tire Priorities for the Richmond Dental Society authorizing the VDA to work to have dentists given priority rating for automobile tires; a presentation by M.S. McClung of the Office of Price Control discussing the need for price control during war time; and Dr. Harry Bear's discussion of the accelerated program at the Medical College of Virginia, School of Dentistry for those persons who join the Army or Navy reserves during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the 1952 meeting the president, J.H. Cocks, discussed civil defense training for dentists in the case of atomic attack. He also recommended the next president appoint a committee to study racial segregation as it concerned membership in the VDA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeveral documents from 1962 discuss the inclusion of Blacks in the VDA membership.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis committee was formerly known as Mouth Hygiene.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis committee was formed as a result of the Depression-era Federal Emergency Relief Administration. The committee worked with the state Emergency Relief Administration to set a fee scale for dental work performed for the unemployed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis committee arranged a testimonial dinner at the annual meeting to honor Dr. Harry Lyons and his leadership as president of the American Dental Association.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe questionnaire includes full name, date of birth, name of colleges attended and degrees earned, date of admission to the association, veteran status and rank held, and any offices held in the association at the component and state levels.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Mouth Hygiene committee became the Council on Dental Health in 1948. Folder 17 includes educational posters that were created to promote dental health.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file contains reports from several special committees including Constitution and Bylaws, Collection of Amalgam Scraps, and a committee to study the feasibility of hiring an executive secretary for the Association.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis meeting was a convention cruise to Havana and Nassau.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo meetings were held in 1966. The first was a convention cruise to San Juan and St. Thomas. The second meeting was held in Norfolk. Materials include registration cards and passenger lists for the cruise in addition to the general correspondence and other materials related to the planning of the meetings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder 13 contains several photographs of the banquet.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes samples of meeting badges from several vendors\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeveral letters (June 16 and 19, December 2 and 13) between the VDA and the Old Dominion Dental Society discuss allowing Blacks membership in the VDA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA letter dated April 11 states that the VDA has three female members.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeveral letters concerning a bill that would more fully define the practice of dentistry and make it illegal for a person to conduct a dental practice under a trade name or corporation and a letter (December 29) from the ADA discussing the difficulties dentists encounter using alcohol in their practices due to Prohibition laws.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeveral letters discussing dental care for school children in the Roanoke area and concerns about advertising dentists.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence about lifting the licensing tax on dentists.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA letter (April 17) from J.E. John of the VDA to C.J. Caraballo of Florida asking for guidance in accepting blacks into the state dental society. Caraballos' response (April 23) stated that both Florida and Alabama allowed Blacks to attend state meetings as guests and to pay a fee into the treasury to obtain a membership card which entitled them to membership in the ADA as well.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence includes a letter (April 29) from the Southern California State Dental Association regarding the formation of a National Woman's Auxiliary Board and another letter (November 10) from the ADA regarding the Army Dental Corps bill to increase the number of dentists to improve the level of care and service for military personnel.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence includes letters regarding the possible formation of a Southern Dental Association, a letter from the American Dental Hygienists' Association asking for names of licensed hygienists (licenses not required in Virginia at that time), and Stephen J. Lewis of the Old Dominion Dental Society asking for a copy of the VDA constitution and the bylaws to use as a guide for reorganizing their group.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a letter (May 23) from F. L. Adams of Florida regarding membership of black dentists in the Virginia Association. The letter mentions a proposal to the ADA to provide black dentists with the opportunity to join the ADA via their membership in the National Dental Association.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence includes a letter (May 18) from the VDA to Congressman Richard A. Poff expressing their hope that he will vote against the Anti-Fluoridation Bill.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes letters discussing the portion of the VDA bylaws which stated the Executive Council must approve members elected by the component societies. This was in conflict with the ADA bylaws, so an amendment was made stating that the component societies had the final say on members.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence includes an invitation from the ADA for a US Army sponsored program on nuclear disaster preparedness and the potential of using dentists in a para-medical capacity during an emergency.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePresident, 1980; also includes a copy of his President's Address.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePresident, 1928.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePresident, 1977.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePresident, 1978; also includes a copy of his President's Address as well as a few other speeches and clippings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePresident, 1979; also includes a photograph, a copy of his President's Address, and clippings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePresident, 1971; also includes a copy of his President's Address.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExecutive Council, 1934; his correspondence mostly pertains to his work to abolish the state dental license tax.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePresident, 1970.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePresident, 1985, also includes a copy of his President's Address and a photograph.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePresident, 1940.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePresident, 1930; Secretary-Treasurer, 1935-1939.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePresident, 1974; also includes a copy of his President's Address and several other speeches.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePresident, 1969; also includes campaign materials for his 1975 bid for president of the ADA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePresident, 1984; also includes a photograph and a 1984 speech to the MCV dental graduates.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePresident, 1936.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePresident, 1968.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePresident, 1983; also includes a copy of his President's Address.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePresident, 1972; also includes a photograph.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePresident, 1958.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSecretary-Treasurer, 1929-1935.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePresident, 1980; also includes a copy of his President's Address.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePresident, 1973; also includes a photograph.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence regarding the organization of local dental groups into component societies of the VDA and membership lists.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials for component society 8 include correspondence, annual reports, a history of the group, and programs from component meetings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains correspondence, meeting minutes, and programs for the planning of the 1952 conference.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis lawsuit was filed in reaction to the charges by the NVDS that Golec had violated the ethics code of the Society by sending announcement cards to area dentist announcing service and staff additions at his practice. The suit was settled, the actions against Golec were expunged from his record, and the appropriate portion of the NVDS Code of Ethics was changed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese records contain index cards listing member information including name, address, birth date, college attended, specialty, military service, details of participation in the VDA, and death date. Some records have obituaries attached. To view an Excel spreadsheet of all the dentists listed along with their college, date of graduation, city of practice, date of initial VDA membership, and death date please \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://gallery.library.vcu.edu/items/show/1586\"\u003eclick here\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence regarding this act and the designation of certain military bases as \"rural areas\" so that dependents on base could receive treatment from a military dentist.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA dental care program for school aged children\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA request for documents from the law firm representing the VDA in the FTC case. Folders 22-28 contain the requested documents.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe newspaper clippings discuss the public dental health initiatives and other non-profit activities in which the VDA had engaged.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe manual was developed by the VDA and the Old Dominion Dental Society.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDocuments relating to the governance and benefits of the VDA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDocuments relating to the VDA and the Northern Virginia Dental Society, both named in the FTC case.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese files include dues information, junior and student member information, and membership statements.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAddress delivered by Dr. Carter Perkins before the Virginia Dental Society.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee also box 34 which contains oversized items from this file\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFormer president (1887), items include letters, programs, and announcements.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFormer president of the VDA, he had collected information on the history of dentistry in Virginia and this book was dedicated to him.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFormer president of the VDA. Items include memos from the dental surgeon of the 29th Division of the American Expeditionary Forces, some correspondences, and some essays on dental practice and history.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee also box 34 which contains oversized items from this file.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis box contains typed note cards with information regarding the history of dentistry in Virginia, the VDA, dental legislation and procedures, and other related topics.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis box contains oversized items from the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePlease note that this is not a complete run of the journal.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The records of the Virginia Dental Association (VDA), 1870-2011, include the official minutes and proceedings of the organization as well as committee records, component society materials, correspondence, financial records, annual meeting records and programs, membership records, subject files, materials relating to the American Dental Association and other national, state, and local dental organizations, and research files used to write One Hundred Years of Dentistry in Virginia. These records provide insight into the changes in the dental profession and also the evolution of professional organizations in general.","Series 1: Annual Compilation of Records, 1870-1972. This series, divided into two subseries, consists of the official minutes of the VDA and the records of the Executive Council, the main governing body of the organization.","Subseries 1.1: Minute Books, 1870-1963. The minute books contain annual meeting programs and proceedings, speeches and papers delivered at the meetings, the Bulletin the official publication of the VDA, committee reports, financial statements, newspaper clippings, member lists, and meeting attendee lists including guests and exhibitors. Also included in the minute books are reports from the Bureau of Dental Heath which often contains statistics regarding race and schools where clinics were held and reports of the State Board of Dental Examiners which include statistics regarding applicants for dental licenses.","Subseries 1.2: Executive Council Records, 1931-1972, bulk 1962-1972. These records include meeting minutes and reports along with some correspondence.","Series 2: Financial Records, 1887-1975. These records include bank statements and deposits, invoices, proposed budgets, receipts, and treasurer's books.","Series 3: Committees, 1924-1979. This series contains materials such as correspondence and reports of various standing and special committees.","Series 4: Annual Meetings, 1924-1980. This series includes materials related to the planning and execution of the meetings and is divided into four subseries.","Subseries 4.1: Annual Meeting Records, 1929-1980. This subseries contains general records such as correspondence, financial information, and publicity related to the planning of each annual meeting. Some files also include the proceedings for the meeting as well. The planning for most meetings began one to two years prior to the event, which is indicated by the inclusive date range listed for each folder.","Subseries 4.2: Local Arrangements and Program Committees, 1929-1939, 1954-1956, 1965. Materials in this subseries include correspondence and planning information related to arrangements for clinics, programs, and entertainment at the annual meetings.","Subseries 4.3: Programs, 1924-1970. This subseries contains copies of the official meeting programs.","Subseries 4.4: Meeting Exhibitors, 1927-1980. This subseries includes correspondence with vendors of dental related products and services requesting that the vendors purchase exhibit space or buy advertisements in the meeting program.","Series 5: Correspondence, 1917-1985. This series is divided into two subseries.","Subseries 5.1: General VDA Correspondence, 1917-1975. This subseries consists mostly of correspondence between the membership and the officers of the VDA. There is also some correspondence with the ADA, other state dental societies, the Virginia State Health Department, Virginia Board of Dental Examiners, and other state offices. The subjects most often covered include dues (overdue notices and disputes), issues related to the governance and structure of the VDA, meeting planning (locations, exhibitors, entertainment, and programs), legislative issues related dentistry, and professional ethics issues (advertising, obligations to public health, etc).","Subseries 5.2: Officer's Correspondence and Related Materials, 1927-1985. These files consist primarily of correspondence of specific officers of the VDA. Additionaly, some files also include speeches, photographs, and clippings.","Series 6: Component Societies, 1931-1978. This series contains materials such as correspondence, membership lists, and meeting programs from the eight component societies in Virginia.","Series 7: Administrative Files, 1919-1984. This series consists of subject and court files and is divided into two subseries.","Subseries 7:1: Subject Files, 1919-1984. Contains various subject files relating to legislative and professional issues, membership benefits such as insurance and retirement plans, and other materials such as newspaper clippings and photographs. Also includes membership card files kept by the VDA.","Subseries 7.2: Federal Trade Commission Case, 1960-1978. This subseries pertains to the Federal Trade Commission complaint against the American Dental Association and several of its constituent groups including the Virginia Dental Association and the Northern Virginia Dental Society (American Dental Association, et. al., Docket No. 9093). The FTC complaint stated that the ADA ethical codes violated anittrust laws by barring advertising and preventing price competition. Part of the defense strategy was to prove that the VDA and the NVDS were non-profit groups and as such were outside the FTC's jurisdiction. Documents in this subseries include Children's Dental Health Week materials, public service brochures promoting dental care, newspaper clipping discussing community outreach programs by the VDA, and materials on the governance and benefits of the two groups.","Series 8: National and State Dental Organizations, 1923-1976. This series contains materials such as correspondence, brochures, and newsletters from various other dental organizations includuing the American Dental Association, several local Virginia dental clubs, and some out-of-state dental groups.","Series 9: One Hundred Years of Dentistry in Virginia, 1873-1969. This series contains essays, speeches, research notes, photographs and related materials that were compiled to write this history. Research materials were compiled primarily by Hermie Wait Powell, the author, and Dr. William Newton Hodgkins","Series 10: VDA Journals, 1928-2011. This series contains an incomplete set of the  Bulletin  and the  Virginia Dental Journal . There are eight bound volumes of the Bulletin, loose issues of the Virginia Dental Journal from 1976-1983, 2008-2009, and 2011, and a DVD with the electronic version from 2004-2008. ","Contains six minute books: 1870-1877, 1878-1892, 1893-1903, 1904-1905, 1906-1911, and 1912-1915","The 1922 minutes mention that three women dentists were admitted into the VDA for the first time.","At the 1932 annual meeting Martin Dewey, president of the ADA, discussed the lack of Black dentists and also issues regarding dentists working with the Native American population.","The 1936 minutes contain letters from other Virginia dental groups, including the Old Dominion Dental Society (the separate organization for Black dentists), regarding support for legislation to outlaw advertising dentists.","The 1942 annual meeting marked the centennial celebration of organized dentistry in Virginia. The minutes include a resolution by the Committee on Tire Priorities for the Richmond Dental Society authorizing the VDA to work to have dentists given priority rating for automobile tires; a presentation by M.S. McClung of the Office of Price Control discussing the need for price control during war time; and Dr. Harry Bear's discussion of the accelerated program at the Medical College of Virginia, School of Dentistry for those persons who join the Army or Navy reserves during World War II.","During the 1952 meeting the president, J.H. Cocks, discussed civil defense training for dentists in the case of atomic attack. He also recommended the next president appoint a committee to study racial segregation as it concerned membership in the VDA.","Several documents from 1962 discuss the inclusion of Blacks in the VDA membership.","This committee was formerly known as Mouth Hygiene.","This committee was formed as a result of the Depression-era Federal Emergency Relief Administration. The committee worked with the state Emergency Relief Administration to set a fee scale for dental work performed for the unemployed.","This committee arranged a testimonial dinner at the annual meeting to honor Dr. Harry Lyons and his leadership as president of the American Dental Association.","The questionnaire includes full name, date of birth, name of colleges attended and degrees earned, date of admission to the association, veteran status and rank held, and any offices held in the association at the component and state levels.","The Mouth Hygiene committee became the Council on Dental Health in 1948. Folder 17 includes educational posters that were created to promote dental health.","This file contains reports from several special committees including Constitution and Bylaws, Collection of Amalgam Scraps, and a committee to study the feasibility of hiring an executive secretary for the Association.","This meeting was a convention cruise to Havana and Nassau.","Two meetings were held in 1966. The first was a convention cruise to San Juan and St. Thomas. The second meeting was held in Norfolk. Materials include registration cards and passenger lists for the cruise in addition to the general correspondence and other materials related to the planning of the meetings.","Folder 13 contains several photographs of the banquet.","Includes samples of meeting badges from several vendors","Several letters (June 16 and 19, December 2 and 13) between the VDA and the Old Dominion Dental Society discuss allowing Blacks membership in the VDA.","A letter dated April 11 states that the VDA has three female members.","Several letters concerning a bill that would more fully define the practice of dentistry and make it illegal for a person to conduct a dental practice under a trade name or corporation and a letter (December 29) from the ADA discussing the difficulties dentists encounter using alcohol in their practices due to Prohibition laws.","Several letters discussing dental care for school children in the Roanoke area and concerns about advertising dentists.","Correspondence about lifting the licensing tax on dentists.","A letter (April 17) from J.E. John of the VDA to C.J. Caraballo of Florida asking for guidance in accepting blacks into the state dental society. Caraballos' response (April 23) stated that both Florida and Alabama allowed Blacks to attend state meetings as guests and to pay a fee into the treasury to obtain a membership card which entitled them to membership in the ADA as well.","Correspondence includes a letter (April 29) from the Southern California State Dental Association regarding the formation of a National Woman's Auxiliary Board and another letter (November 10) from the ADA regarding the Army Dental Corps bill to increase the number of dentists to improve the level of care and service for military personnel.","Correspondence includes letters regarding the possible formation of a Southern Dental Association, a letter from the American Dental Hygienists' Association asking for names of licensed hygienists (licenses not required in Virginia at that time), and Stephen J. Lewis of the Old Dominion Dental Society asking for a copy of the VDA constitution and the bylaws to use as a guide for reorganizing their group.","Includes a letter (May 23) from F. L. Adams of Florida regarding membership of black dentists in the Virginia Association. The letter mentions a proposal to the ADA to provide black dentists with the opportunity to join the ADA via their membership in the National Dental Association.","Correspondence includes a letter (May 18) from the VDA to Congressman Richard A. Poff expressing their hope that he will vote against the Anti-Fluoridation Bill.","Includes letters discussing the portion of the VDA bylaws which stated the Executive Council must approve members elected by the component societies. This was in conflict with the ADA bylaws, so an amendment was made stating that the component societies had the final say on members.","Correspondence includes an invitation from the ADA for a US Army sponsored program on nuclear disaster preparedness and the potential of using dentists in a para-medical capacity during an emergency.","President, 1980; also includes a copy of his President's Address.","President, 1928.","President, 1977.","President, 1978; also includes a copy of his President's Address as well as a few other speeches and clippings.","President, 1979; also includes a photograph, a copy of his President's Address, and clippings.","President, 1971; also includes a copy of his President's Address.","Executive Council, 1934; his correspondence mostly pertains to his work to abolish the state dental license tax.","President, 1970.","President, 1985, also includes a copy of his President's Address and a photograph.","President, 1940.","President, 1930; Secretary-Treasurer, 1935-1939.","President, 1974; also includes a copy of his President's Address and several other speeches.","President, 1969; also includes campaign materials for his 1975 bid for president of the ADA.","President, 1984; also includes a photograph and a 1984 speech to the MCV dental graduates.","President, 1936.","President, 1968.","President, 1983; also includes a copy of his President's Address.","President, 1972; also includes a photograph.","President, 1958.","Secretary-Treasurer, 1929-1935.","President, 1980; also includes a copy of his President's Address.","President, 1973; also includes a photograph.","Correspondence regarding the organization of local dental groups into component societies of the VDA and membership lists.","Materials for component society 8 include correspondence, annual reports, a history of the group, and programs from component meetings.","Contains correspondence, meeting minutes, and programs for the planning of the 1952 conference.","This lawsuit was filed in reaction to the charges by the NVDS that Golec had violated the ethics code of the Society by sending announcement cards to area dentist announcing service and staff additions at his practice. The suit was settled, the actions against Golec were expunged from his record, and the appropriate portion of the NVDS Code of Ethics was changed.","These records contain index cards listing member information including name, address, birth date, college attended, specialty, military service, details of participation in the VDA, and death date. Some records have obituaries attached. To view an Excel spreadsheet of all the dentists listed along with their college, date of graduation, city of practice, date of initial VDA membership, and death date please  click here .","Correspondence regarding this act and the designation of certain military bases as \"rural areas\" so that dependents on base could receive treatment from a military dentist.","A dental care program for school aged children","A request for documents from the law firm representing the VDA in the FTC case. Folders 22-28 contain the requested documents.","The newspaper clippings discuss the public dental health initiatives and other non-profit activities in which the VDA had engaged.","The manual was developed by the VDA and the Old Dominion Dental Society.","Documents relating to the governance and benefits of the VDA.","Documents relating to the VDA and the Northern Virginia Dental Society, both named in the FTC case.","These files include dues information, junior and student member information, and membership statements.","Address delivered by Dr. Carter Perkins before the Virginia Dental Society.","See also box 34 which contains oversized items from this file","Former president (1887), items include letters, programs, and announcements.","Former president of the VDA, he had collected information on the history of dentistry in Virginia and this book was dedicated to him.","Former president of the VDA. Items include memos from the dental surgeon of the 29th Division of the American Expeditionary Forces, some correspondences, and some essays on dental practice and history.","See also box 34 which contains oversized items from this file.","This box contains typed note cards with information regarding the history of dentistry in Virginia, the VDA, dental legislation and procedures, and other related topics.","This box contains oversized items from the collection.","Please note that this is not a complete run of the journal."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia Dental Association","American Dental Association","Virginia. Department of Health","Virginia. Board of Dentistry","Hodgkin, William N., 1890-1961","Powell, Hermie Wait"],"names_ssim":["VCU Health Sciences Library","Virginia Dental Association","American Dental Association","Virginia. Department of Health","Virginia. Board of Dentistry","Hodgkin, William N., 1890-1961","Powell, Hermie Wait"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU Health Sciences Library","Virginia Dental Association","American Dental Association","Virginia. Department of Health","Virginia. 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Visit   VCU Scholars Compass  to view the full run of the journal.","The records of the Virgina Dental Association have been divided into ten series with subseries as needed. Series 1: Annual Compilation of Records, 1870-1972 -- Series 2: Financial Records, 1887-1975 -- Series 3: Committees, 1924-1979 -- Series 4: Annual Meetings, 1929-1980 -- Series 5: Correspondence, 1917-1985 -- Series 6: Component Societies, 1931-1978 -- Series 7: Administrative Files, 1919-1984 -- Series 8: National and State Dental Organizations, 1923-1976 -- Series 9: One Hundred Years of Dentistry in Virginia, 1873-1963 -- Series 10: VDA Journals, 1928-2011. Efforts have been made to preserve the original arrangement of these files where applicable.","On November 3, 1870 nine Virginia dentists met in Richmond to establish an organization to \"cultivate the science and the art of dentistry, and all its collateral branches, to elevate and sustain the professional character of dentists; and to promote amongst them mutual improvement, social intercourse and good will.\" This meeting marked the creation of the Virginia Dental Association (VDA) or the Virginia State Dental Association as it was named when first created. The VDA changed to its current name in 1970. The VDA was the successor to the first professional dental organization, the Virginia Society of Surgeon Dentists which was formed in 1842.","An early goal of the VDA was to create standards and regulations for the profession. When the VDA was formed there were no statutes regulating the practice of dentistry in Virginia. The VDA spent several years drafting a bill to present to the state legislature culminating in the passage of the Dental Act of 1886. This act also established the Virginia Board of Dental Examiners. The VDA also successfully campaigned in 1915 to have a representative on the State Board of Health making Virginia the first state to include a dentist on such a board. In 1936 the VDA helped pass a bill that outlawed advertising dental services and prices as a means of protecting the public from unethical dental practices. This remained in effect until the early 1980s when the Federal Trade Commission ruled that truthful advertising could not be restricted.","Dental education was another subject of much interest and debate for the VDA. They supported the creation of the first dental school in Virginia in 1893 at the University College of Medicine (UCM). In 1913 UCM merged with the Medical College of Virginia (MCV), which had created its own dental school in 1897. For a time some members of the VDA thought that dentist should obtain an M.D. degree to practice medicine. The Dental Act only required a diploma and a certificate from the state board to practice dentistry. A dental degree was not required to sit for the state board exam. A law requiring an M.D. was passed in 1910, but was repealed in 1914 before any provisions were enacted.","The VDA, which is a component of the American Dental Association, created component societies in 1931. This was to better facilitate communication and professional development for member dentists throughout the state. Dentists who joined a component society also became members of the state and national associations through this tripartate structure. Virginia was divided into eight regions. Each region was arranged to have an existing local society within the area to become the component group where applicable. This arrangement is still in place today. The component societies are:","Component 1, Virginia Tidewater Dental Association, founded 1880","Component 2, Peninsula Dental Society, founded 1934","Component 3, Southside Dental Society, founded 1925","Component 4, Richmond Dental Society, founded 1894","Component 5, Piedmont Dental Society, founded 1916","Component 6, Southwest Virginia Dental Society, founded 1917","Component 7, Shenandoah Valley Dental Association, founded 1914","Component 8, Northern Virginia Dental Society, founded 1931","The VDA began publishing its journal the  Bulletin of the Virginia State Dental Association  in 1923. After sporadic publication for the first ten years the VDA began publishing on a regular schedule. The number of issues published has varied from three to six. The journal is currently published quarterly. The title was changed to the  Virginia Dental Journal  in 1964. It is a resource for members to find information about professional and scientific developments, legislative issues, and annual meetings. The journal also includes editorials and news updates from the component societies.","An annual meeting of the VDA was held for members to come together and benefit from the mutual exchange of ideas and practical knowledge. The meetings offered an opportunity to focus on issues such as professional ethics, dental legislation, public health and service, and education. Much of the work of the organization was carried out by committees, all of which were overseen by the governing body the Executive Council. The VDA had three elected officers the president, the preseident-elect, and the secretary-treasurer, as well as several appointed officers including the editor of the journal. The VDA did not have a headquarters until the organization hired its first executive secretary in 1964 and she set up the headquarters in her home. Since that time it has been located in several areas around Richmond. Today the VDA is governed by a board of directors and still holds an annual meeting. The VDA continues to help improve the profession and its members, support dental education, promote public dental health, and provide outreach services to underserved populations.","A digitized copy of the published  One Hundred Years of Dentistry in Virginia, 1869-1969  is available in VCU Libraries Digital Collections.","The records of the Virginia Dental Association (VDA), 1870-2011, include the official minutes and proceedings of the organization as well as committee records, component society materials, correspondence, financial records, annual meeting records and programs, membership records, subject files, materials relating to the American Dental Association and other national, state, and local dental organizations, and research files used to write One Hundred Years of Dentistry in Virginia. These records provide insight into the changes in the dental profession and also the evolution of professional organizations in general.","Series 1: Annual Compilation of Records, 1870-1972. This series, divided into two subseries, consists of the official minutes of the VDA and the records of the Executive Council, the main governing body of the organization.","Subseries 1.1: Minute Books, 1870-1963. The minute books contain annual meeting programs and proceedings, speeches and papers delivered at the meetings, the Bulletin the official publication of the VDA, committee reports, financial statements, newspaper clippings, member lists, and meeting attendee lists including guests and exhibitors. Also included in the minute books are reports from the Bureau of Dental Heath which often contains statistics regarding race and schools where clinics were held and reports of the State Board of Dental Examiners which include statistics regarding applicants for dental licenses.","Subseries 1.2: Executive Council Records, 1931-1972, bulk 1962-1972. These records include meeting minutes and reports along with some correspondence.","Series 2: Financial Records, 1887-1975. These records include bank statements and deposits, invoices, proposed budgets, receipts, and treasurer's books.","Series 3: Committees, 1924-1979. This series contains materials such as correspondence and reports of various standing and special committees.","Series 4: Annual Meetings, 1924-1980. This series includes materials related to the planning and execution of the meetings and is divided into four subseries.","Subseries 4.1: Annual Meeting Records, 1929-1980. This subseries contains general records such as correspondence, financial information, and publicity related to the planning of each annual meeting. Some files also include the proceedings for the meeting as well. The planning for most meetings began one to two years prior to the event, which is indicated by the inclusive date range listed for each folder.","Subseries 4.2: Local Arrangements and Program Committees, 1929-1939, 1954-1956, 1965. Materials in this subseries include correspondence and planning information related to arrangements for clinics, programs, and entertainment at the annual meetings.","Subseries 4.3: Programs, 1924-1970. This subseries contains copies of the official meeting programs.","Subseries 4.4: Meeting Exhibitors, 1927-1980. This subseries includes correspondence with vendors of dental related products and services requesting that the vendors purchase exhibit space or buy advertisements in the meeting program.","Series 5: Correspondence, 1917-1985. This series is divided into two subseries.","Subseries 5.1: General VDA Correspondence, 1917-1975. This subseries consists mostly of correspondence between the membership and the officers of the VDA. There is also some correspondence with the ADA, other state dental societies, the Virginia State Health Department, Virginia Board of Dental Examiners, and other state offices. The subjects most often covered include dues (overdue notices and disputes), issues related to the governance and structure of the VDA, meeting planning (locations, exhibitors, entertainment, and programs), legislative issues related dentistry, and professional ethics issues (advertising, obligations to public health, etc).","Subseries 5.2: Officer's Correspondence and Related Materials, 1927-1985. These files consist primarily of correspondence of specific officers of the VDA. Additionaly, some files also include speeches, photographs, and clippings.","Series 6: Component Societies, 1931-1978. This series contains materials such as correspondence, membership lists, and meeting programs from the eight component societies in Virginia.","Series 7: Administrative Files, 1919-1984. This series consists of subject and court files and is divided into two subseries.","Subseries 7:1: Subject Files, 1919-1984. Contains various subject files relating to legislative and professional issues, membership benefits such as insurance and retirement plans, and other materials such as newspaper clippings and photographs. Also includes membership card files kept by the VDA.","Subseries 7.2: Federal Trade Commission Case, 1960-1978. This subseries pertains to the Federal Trade Commission complaint against the American Dental Association and several of its constituent groups including the Virginia Dental Association and the Northern Virginia Dental Society (American Dental Association, et. al., Docket No. 9093). The FTC complaint stated that the ADA ethical codes violated anittrust laws by barring advertising and preventing price competition. Part of the defense strategy was to prove that the VDA and the NVDS were non-profit groups and as such were outside the FTC's jurisdiction. Documents in this subseries include Children's Dental Health Week materials, public service brochures promoting dental care, newspaper clipping discussing community outreach programs by the VDA, and materials on the governance and benefits of the two groups.","Series 8: National and State Dental Organizations, 1923-1976. This series contains materials such as correspondence, brochures, and newsletters from various other dental organizations includuing the American Dental Association, several local Virginia dental clubs, and some out-of-state dental groups.","Series 9: One Hundred Years of Dentistry in Virginia, 1873-1969. This series contains essays, speeches, research notes, photographs and related materials that were compiled to write this history. Research materials were compiled primarily by Hermie Wait Powell, the author, and Dr. William Newton Hodgkins","Series 10: VDA Journals, 1928-2011. This series contains an incomplete set of the  Bulletin  and the  Virginia Dental Journal . There are eight bound volumes of the Bulletin, loose issues of the Virginia Dental Journal from 1976-1983, 2008-2009, and 2011, and a DVD with the electronic version from 2004-2008. ","Contains six minute books: 1870-1877, 1878-1892, 1893-1903, 1904-1905, 1906-1911, and 1912-1915","The 1922 minutes mention that three women dentists were admitted into the VDA for the first time.","At the 1932 annual meeting Martin Dewey, president of the ADA, discussed the lack of Black dentists and also issues regarding dentists working with the Native American population.","The 1936 minutes contain letters from other Virginia dental groups, including the Old Dominion Dental Society (the separate organization for Black dentists), regarding support for legislation to outlaw advertising dentists.","The 1942 annual meeting marked the centennial celebration of organized dentistry in Virginia. The minutes include a resolution by the Committee on Tire Priorities for the Richmond Dental Society authorizing the VDA to work to have dentists given priority rating for automobile tires; a presentation by M.S. McClung of the Office of Price Control discussing the need for price control during war time; and Dr. Harry Bear's discussion of the accelerated program at the Medical College of Virginia, School of Dentistry for those persons who join the Army or Navy reserves during World War II.","During the 1952 meeting the president, J.H. Cocks, discussed civil defense training for dentists in the case of atomic attack. He also recommended the next president appoint a committee to study racial segregation as it concerned membership in the VDA.","Several documents from 1962 discuss the inclusion of Blacks in the VDA membership.","This committee was formerly known as Mouth Hygiene.","This committee was formed as a result of the Depression-era Federal Emergency Relief Administration. The committee worked with the state Emergency Relief Administration to set a fee scale for dental work performed for the unemployed.","This committee arranged a testimonial dinner at the annual meeting to honor Dr. Harry Lyons and his leadership as president of the American Dental Association.","The questionnaire includes full name, date of birth, name of colleges attended and degrees earned, date of admission to the association, veteran status and rank held, and any offices held in the association at the component and state levels.","The Mouth Hygiene committee became the Council on Dental Health in 1948. Folder 17 includes educational posters that were created to promote dental health.","This file contains reports from several special committees including Constitution and Bylaws, Collection of Amalgam Scraps, and a committee to study the feasibility of hiring an executive secretary for the Association.","This meeting was a convention cruise to Havana and Nassau.","Two meetings were held in 1966. The first was a convention cruise to San Juan and St. Thomas. The second meeting was held in Norfolk. Materials include registration cards and passenger lists for the cruise in addition to the general correspondence and other materials related to the planning of the meetings.","Folder 13 contains several photographs of the banquet.","Includes samples of meeting badges from several vendors","Several letters (June 16 and 19, December 2 and 13) between the VDA and the Old Dominion Dental Society discuss allowing Blacks membership in the VDA.","A letter dated April 11 states that the VDA has three female members.","Several letters concerning a bill that would more fully define the practice of dentistry and make it illegal for a person to conduct a dental practice under a trade name or corporation and a letter (December 29) from the ADA discussing the difficulties dentists encounter using alcohol in their practices due to Prohibition laws.","Several letters discussing dental care for school children in the Roanoke area and concerns about advertising dentists.","Correspondence about lifting the licensing tax on dentists.","A letter (April 17) from J.E. John of the VDA to C.J. Caraballo of Florida asking for guidance in accepting blacks into the state dental society. Caraballos' response (April 23) stated that both Florida and Alabama allowed Blacks to attend state meetings as guests and to pay a fee into the treasury to obtain a membership card which entitled them to membership in the ADA as well.","Correspondence includes a letter (April 29) from the Southern California State Dental Association regarding the formation of a National Woman's Auxiliary Board and another letter (November 10) from the ADA regarding the Army Dental Corps bill to increase the number of dentists to improve the level of care and service for military personnel.","Correspondence includes letters regarding the possible formation of a Southern Dental Association, a letter from the American Dental Hygienists' Association asking for names of licensed hygienists (licenses not required in Virginia at that time), and Stephen J. Lewis of the Old Dominion Dental Society asking for a copy of the VDA constitution and the bylaws to use as a guide for reorganizing their group.","Includes a letter (May 23) from F. L. Adams of Florida regarding membership of black dentists in the Virginia Association. The letter mentions a proposal to the ADA to provide black dentists with the opportunity to join the ADA via their membership in the National Dental Association.","Correspondence includes a letter (May 18) from the VDA to Congressman Richard A. Poff expressing their hope that he will vote against the Anti-Fluoridation Bill.","Includes letters discussing the portion of the VDA bylaws which stated the Executive Council must approve members elected by the component societies. This was in conflict with the ADA bylaws, so an amendment was made stating that the component societies had the final say on members.","Correspondence includes an invitation from the ADA for a US Army sponsored program on nuclear disaster preparedness and the potential of using dentists in a para-medical capacity during an emergency.","President, 1980; also includes a copy of his President's Address.","President, 1928.","President, 1977.","President, 1978; also includes a copy of his President's Address as well as a few other speeches and clippings.","President, 1979; also includes a photograph, a copy of his President's Address, and clippings.","President, 1971; also includes a copy of his President's Address.","Executive Council, 1934; his correspondence mostly pertains to his work to abolish the state dental license tax.","President, 1970.","President, 1985, also includes a copy of his President's Address and a photograph.","President, 1940.","President, 1930; Secretary-Treasurer, 1935-1939.","President, 1974; also includes a copy of his President's Address and several other speeches.","President, 1969; also includes campaign materials for his 1975 bid for president of the ADA.","President, 1984; also includes a photograph and a 1984 speech to the MCV dental graduates.","President, 1936.","President, 1968.","President, 1983; also includes a copy of his President's Address.","President, 1972; also includes a photograph.","President, 1958.","Secretary-Treasurer, 1929-1935.","President, 1980; also includes a copy of his President's Address.","President, 1973; also includes a photograph.","Correspondence regarding the organization of local dental groups into component societies of the VDA and membership lists.","Materials for component society 8 include correspondence, annual reports, a history of the group, and programs from component meetings.","Contains correspondence, meeting minutes, and programs for the planning of the 1952 conference.","This lawsuit was filed in reaction to the charges by the NVDS that Golec had violated the ethics code of the Society by sending announcement cards to area dentist announcing service and staff additions at his practice. The suit was settled, the actions against Golec were expunged from his record, and the appropriate portion of the NVDS Code of Ethics was changed.","These records contain index cards listing member information including name, address, birth date, college attended, specialty, military service, details of participation in the VDA, and death date. Some records have obituaries attached. To view an Excel spreadsheet of all the dentists listed along with their college, date of graduation, city of practice, date of initial VDA membership, and death date please  click here .","Correspondence regarding this act and the designation of certain military bases as \"rural areas\" so that dependents on base could receive treatment from a military dentist.","A dental care program for school aged children","A request for documents from the law firm representing the VDA in the FTC case. Folders 22-28 contain the requested documents.","The newspaper clippings discuss the public dental health initiatives and other non-profit activities in which the VDA had engaged.","The manual was developed by the VDA and the Old Dominion Dental Society.","Documents relating to the governance and benefits of the VDA.","Documents relating to the VDA and the Northern Virginia Dental Society, both named in the FTC case.","These files include dues information, junior and student member information, and membership statements.","Address delivered by Dr. Carter Perkins before the Virginia Dental Society.","See also box 34 which contains oversized items from this file","Former president (1887), items include letters, programs, and announcements.","Former president of the VDA, he had collected information on the history of dentistry in Virginia and this book was dedicated to him.","Former president of the VDA. Items include memos from the dental surgeon of the 29th Division of the American Expeditionary Forces, some correspondences, and some essays on dental practice and history.","See also box 34 which contains oversized items from this file.","This box contains typed note cards with information regarding the history of dentistry in Virginia, the VDA, dental legislation and procedures, and other related topics.","This box contains oversized items from the collection.","Please note that this is not a complete run of the journal.","There are no restrictions.","VCU Health Sciences Library","Virginia Dental Association","American Dental Association","Virginia. Department of Health","Virginia. Board of Dentistry","Hodgkin, William N., 1890-1961","Powell, Hermie Wait","English"],"unitid_tesim":["1988.Jul.17","/repositories/3/resources/6"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Virginia Dental Association records"],"collection_title_tesim":["Virginia Dental Association records"],"collection_ssim":["Virginia Dental Association records"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Virginia Dental Association"],"creator_ssim":["Virginia Dental Association"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Virginia Dental Association"],"creators_ssim":["Virginia Dental Association"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of the Virginia Dental Association."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Dentists -- Virginia","Dental schools -- Virginia","Dentistry -- Societies, etc.","Dentistry -- History -- Virginia","African American dentists -- Virginia.","Societies, Dental.","History of Dentistry.","Dentists -- History"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Dentists -- Virginia","Dental schools -- Virginia","Dentistry -- Societies, etc.","Dentistry -- History -- Virginia","African American dentists -- Virginia.","Societies, Dental.","History of Dentistry.","Dentists -- History"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["27 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["27 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for use without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for use without restrictions."],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals"],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVCU Libraries digitized the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBulletin of the Virginia State Dental Association\u003c/emph\u003e and the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eVirginia Dental Journal\u003c/emph\u003e with the permission and collaboration of the Virginia Dental Association. Visit \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/vdj/\"\u003e VCU Scholars Compass\u003c/extref\u003e to view the full run of the journal.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["VCU Libraries digitized the  Bulletin of the Virginia State Dental Association  and the  Virginia Dental Journal  with the permission and collaboration of the Virginia Dental Association. Visit   VCU Scholars Compass  to view the full run of the journal."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe records of the Virgina Dental Association have been divided into ten series with subseries as needed. Series 1: Annual Compilation of Records, 1870-1972 -- Series 2: Financial Records, 1887-1975 -- Series 3: Committees, 1924-1979 -- Series 4: Annual Meetings, 1929-1980 -- Series 5: Correspondence, 1917-1985 -- Series 6: Component Societies, 1931-1978 -- Series 7: Administrative Files, 1919-1984 -- Series 8: National and State Dental Organizations, 1923-1976 -- Series 9: One Hundred Years of Dentistry in Virginia, 1873-1963 -- Series 10: VDA Journals, 1928-2011. Efforts have been made to preserve the original arrangement of these files where applicable.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The records of the Virgina Dental Association have been divided into ten series with subseries as needed. Series 1: Annual Compilation of Records, 1870-1972 -- Series 2: Financial Records, 1887-1975 -- Series 3: Committees, 1924-1979 -- Series 4: Annual Meetings, 1929-1980 -- Series 5: Correspondence, 1917-1985 -- Series 6: Component Societies, 1931-1978 -- Series 7: Administrative Files, 1919-1984 -- Series 8: National and State Dental Organizations, 1923-1976 -- Series 9: One Hundred Years of Dentistry in Virginia, 1873-1963 -- Series 10: VDA Journals, 1928-2011. Efforts have been made to preserve the original arrangement of these files where applicable."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOn November 3, 1870 nine Virginia dentists met in Richmond to establish an organization to \"cultivate the science and the art of dentistry, and all its collateral branches, to elevate and sustain the professional character of dentists; and to promote amongst them mutual improvement, social intercourse and good will.\" This meeting marked the creation of the Virginia Dental Association (VDA) or the Virginia State Dental Association as it was named when first created. The VDA changed to its current name in 1970. The VDA was the successor to the first professional dental organization, the Virginia Society of Surgeon Dentists which was formed in 1842.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAn early goal of the VDA was to create standards and regulations for the profession. When the VDA was formed there were no statutes regulating the practice of dentistry in Virginia. The VDA spent several years drafting a bill to present to the state legislature culminating in the passage of the Dental Act of 1886. This act also established the Virginia Board of Dental Examiners. The VDA also successfully campaigned in 1915 to have a representative on the State Board of Health making Virginia the first state to include a dentist on such a board. In 1936 the VDA helped pass a bill that outlawed advertising dental services and prices as a means of protecting the public from unethical dental practices. This remained in effect until the early 1980s when the Federal Trade Commission ruled that truthful advertising could not be restricted.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDental education was another subject of much interest and debate for the VDA. They supported the creation of the first dental school in Virginia in 1893 at the University College of Medicine (UCM). In 1913 UCM merged with the Medical College of Virginia (MCV), which had created its own dental school in 1897. For a time some members of the VDA thought that dentist should obtain an M.D. degree to practice medicine. The Dental Act only required a diploma and a certificate from the state board to practice dentistry. A dental degree was not required to sit for the state board exam. A law requiring an M.D. was passed in 1910, but was repealed in 1914 before any provisions were enacted.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe VDA, which is a component of the American Dental Association, created component societies in 1931. This was to better facilitate communication and professional development for member dentists throughout the state. Dentists who joined a component society also became members of the state and national associations through this tripartate structure. Virginia was divided into eight regions. Each region was arranged to have an existing local society within the area to become the component group where applicable. This arrangement is still in place today. The component societies are:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eComponent 1, Virginia Tidewater Dental Association, founded 1880\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eComponent 2, Peninsula Dental Society, founded 1934\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eComponent 3, Southside Dental Society, founded 1925\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eComponent 4, Richmond Dental Society, founded 1894\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eComponent 5, Piedmont Dental Society, founded 1916\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eComponent 6, Southwest Virginia Dental Society, founded 1917\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eComponent 7, Shenandoah Valley Dental Association, founded 1914\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eComponent 8, Northern Virginia Dental Society, founded 1931\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe VDA began publishing its journal the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBulletin of the Virginia State Dental Association\u003c/emph\u003e in 1923. After sporadic publication for the first ten years the VDA began publishing on a regular schedule. The number of issues published has varied from three to six. The journal is currently published quarterly. The title was changed to the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eVirginia Dental Journal\u003c/emph\u003e in 1964. It is a resource for members to find information about professional and scientific developments, legislative issues, and annual meetings. The journal also includes editorials and news updates from the component societies.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAn annual meeting of the VDA was held for members to come together and benefit from the mutual exchange of ideas and practical knowledge. The meetings offered an opportunity to focus on issues such as professional ethics, dental legislation, public health and service, and education. Much of the work of the organization was carried out by committees, all of which were overseen by the governing body the Executive Council. The VDA had three elected officers the president, the preseident-elect, and the secretary-treasurer, as well as several appointed officers including the editor of the journal. The VDA did not have a headquarters until the organization hired its first executive secretary in 1964 and she set up the headquarters in her home. Since that time it has been located in several areas around Richmond. Today the VDA is governed by a board of directors and still holds an annual meeting. The VDA continues to help improve the profession and its members, support dental education, promote public dental health, and provide outreach services to underserved populations.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["On November 3, 1870 nine Virginia dentists met in Richmond to establish an organization to \"cultivate the science and the art of dentistry, and all its collateral branches, to elevate and sustain the professional character of dentists; and to promote amongst them mutual improvement, social intercourse and good will.\" This meeting marked the creation of the Virginia Dental Association (VDA) or the Virginia State Dental Association as it was named when first created. The VDA changed to its current name in 1970. The VDA was the successor to the first professional dental organization, the Virginia Society of Surgeon Dentists which was formed in 1842.","An early goal of the VDA was to create standards and regulations for the profession. When the VDA was formed there were no statutes regulating the practice of dentistry in Virginia. The VDA spent several years drafting a bill to present to the state legislature culminating in the passage of the Dental Act of 1886. This act also established the Virginia Board of Dental Examiners. The VDA also successfully campaigned in 1915 to have a representative on the State Board of Health making Virginia the first state to include a dentist on such a board. In 1936 the VDA helped pass a bill that outlawed advertising dental services and prices as a means of protecting the public from unethical dental practices. This remained in effect until the early 1980s when the Federal Trade Commission ruled that truthful advertising could not be restricted.","Dental education was another subject of much interest and debate for the VDA. They supported the creation of the first dental school in Virginia in 1893 at the University College of Medicine (UCM). In 1913 UCM merged with the Medical College of Virginia (MCV), which had created its own dental school in 1897. For a time some members of the VDA thought that dentist should obtain an M.D. degree to practice medicine. The Dental Act only required a diploma and a certificate from the state board to practice dentistry. A dental degree was not required to sit for the state board exam. A law requiring an M.D. was passed in 1910, but was repealed in 1914 before any provisions were enacted.","The VDA, which is a component of the American Dental Association, created component societies in 1931. This was to better facilitate communication and professional development for member dentists throughout the state. Dentists who joined a component society also became members of the state and national associations through this tripartate structure. Virginia was divided into eight regions. Each region was arranged to have an existing local society within the area to become the component group where applicable. This arrangement is still in place today. The component societies are:","Component 1, Virginia Tidewater Dental Association, founded 1880","Component 2, Peninsula Dental Society, founded 1934","Component 3, Southside Dental Society, founded 1925","Component 4, Richmond Dental Society, founded 1894","Component 5, Piedmont Dental Society, founded 1916","Component 6, Southwest Virginia Dental Society, founded 1917","Component 7, Shenandoah Valley Dental Association, founded 1914","Component 8, Northern Virginia Dental Society, founded 1931","The VDA began publishing its journal the  Bulletin of the Virginia State Dental Association  in 1923. After sporadic publication for the first ten years the VDA began publishing on a regular schedule. The number of issues published has varied from three to six. The journal is currently published quarterly. The title was changed to the  Virginia Dental Journal  in 1964. It is a resource for members to find information about professional and scientific developments, legislative issues, and annual meetings. The journal also includes editorials and news updates from the component societies.","An annual meeting of the VDA was held for members to come together and benefit from the mutual exchange of ideas and practical knowledge. The meetings offered an opportunity to focus on issues such as professional ethics, dental legislation, public health and service, and education. Much of the work of the organization was carried out by committees, all of which were overseen by the governing body the Executive Council. The VDA had three elected officers the president, the preseident-elect, and the secretary-treasurer, as well as several appointed officers including the editor of the journal. The VDA did not have a headquarters until the organization hired its first executive secretary in 1964 and she set up the headquarters in her home. Since that time it has been located in several areas around Richmond. Today the VDA is governed by a board of directors and still holds an annual meeting. The VDA continues to help improve the profession and its members, support dental education, promote public dental health, and provide outreach services to underserved populations."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRecords of the Virginia Dental Association, Accession # 88/Jul/17, Special Collections and Archives, Health Sciences Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Dental Association, Accession # 88/Jul/17, Special Collections and Archives, Health Sciences Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va."],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA digitized copy of the published \u003ctitle\u003eOne Hundred Years of Dentistry in Virginia, 1869-1969\u003c/title\u003e is available in VCU Libraries Digital Collections.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["A digitized copy of the published  One Hundred Years of Dentistry in Virginia, 1869-1969  is available in VCU Libraries Digital Collections."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe records of the Virginia Dental Association (VDA), 1870-2011, include the official minutes and proceedings of the organization as well as committee records, component society materials, correspondence, financial records, annual meeting records and programs, membership records, subject files, materials relating to the American Dental Association and other national, state, and local dental organizations, and research files used to write One Hundred Years of Dentistry in Virginia. These records provide insight into the changes in the dental profession and also the evolution of professional organizations in general.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Annual Compilation of Records, 1870-1972. This series, divided into two subseries, consists of the official minutes of the VDA and the records of the Executive Council, the main governing body of the organization.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 1.1: Minute Books, 1870-1963. The minute books contain annual meeting programs and proceedings, speeches and papers delivered at the meetings, the Bulletin the official publication of the VDA, committee reports, financial statements, newspaper clippings, member lists, and meeting attendee lists including guests and exhibitors. Also included in the minute books are reports from the Bureau of Dental Heath which often contains statistics regarding race and schools where clinics were held and reports of the State Board of Dental Examiners which include statistics regarding applicants for dental licenses.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 1.2: Executive Council Records, 1931-1972, bulk 1962-1972. These records include meeting minutes and reports along with some correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Financial Records, 1887-1975. These records include bank statements and deposits, invoices, proposed budgets, receipts, and treasurer's books.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Committees, 1924-1979. This series contains materials such as correspondence and reports of various standing and special committees.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Annual Meetings, 1924-1980. This series includes materials related to the planning and execution of the meetings and is divided into four subseries.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 4.1: Annual Meeting Records, 1929-1980. This subseries contains general records such as correspondence, financial information, and publicity related to the planning of each annual meeting. Some files also include the proceedings for the meeting as well. The planning for most meetings began one to two years prior to the event, which is indicated by the inclusive date range listed for each folder.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 4.2: Local Arrangements and Program Committees, 1929-1939, 1954-1956, 1965. Materials in this subseries include correspondence and planning information related to arrangements for clinics, programs, and entertainment at the annual meetings.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 4.3: Programs, 1924-1970. This subseries contains copies of the official meeting programs.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 4.4: Meeting Exhibitors, 1927-1980. This subseries includes correspondence with vendors of dental related products and services requesting that the vendors purchase exhibit space or buy advertisements in the meeting program.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Correspondence, 1917-1985. This series is divided into two subseries.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 5.1: General VDA Correspondence, 1917-1975. This subseries consists mostly of correspondence between the membership and the officers of the VDA. There is also some correspondence with the ADA, other state dental societies, the Virginia State Health Department, Virginia Board of Dental Examiners, and other state offices. The subjects most often covered include dues (overdue notices and disputes), issues related to the governance and structure of the VDA, meeting planning (locations, exhibitors, entertainment, and programs), legislative issues related dentistry, and professional ethics issues (advertising, obligations to public health, etc).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 5.2: Officer's Correspondence and Related Materials, 1927-1985. These files consist primarily of correspondence of specific officers of the VDA. Additionaly, some files also include speeches, photographs, and clippings.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6: Component Societies, 1931-1978. This series contains materials such as correspondence, membership lists, and meeting programs from the eight component societies in Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 7: Administrative Files, 1919-1984. This series consists of subject and court files and is divided into two subseries.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 7:1: Subject Files, 1919-1984. Contains various subject files relating to legislative and professional issues, membership benefits such as insurance and retirement plans, and other materials such as newspaper clippings and photographs. Also includes membership card files kept by the VDA.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 7.2: Federal Trade Commission Case, 1960-1978. This subseries pertains to the Federal Trade Commission complaint against the American Dental Association and several of its constituent groups including the Virginia Dental Association and the Northern Virginia Dental Society (American Dental Association, et. al., Docket No. 9093). The FTC complaint stated that the ADA ethical codes violated anittrust laws by barring advertising and preventing price competition. Part of the defense strategy was to prove that the VDA and the NVDS were non-profit groups and as such were outside the FTC's jurisdiction. Documents in this subseries include Children's Dental Health Week materials, public service brochures promoting dental care, newspaper clipping discussing community outreach programs by the VDA, and materials on the governance and benefits of the two groups.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 8: National and State Dental Organizations, 1923-1976. This series contains materials such as correspondence, brochures, and newsletters from various other dental organizations includuing the American Dental Association, several local Virginia dental clubs, and some out-of-state dental groups.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 9: One Hundred Years of Dentistry in Virginia, 1873-1969. This series contains essays, speeches, research notes, photographs and related materials that were compiled to write this history. Research materials were compiled primarily by Hermie Wait Powell, the author, and Dr. William Newton Hodgkins\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 10: VDA Journals, 1928-2011. This series contains an incomplete set of the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBulletin\u003c/emph\u003e and the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eVirginia Dental Journal\u003c/emph\u003e. There are eight bound volumes of the Bulletin, loose issues of the Virginia Dental Journal from 1976-1983, 2008-2009, and 2011, and a DVD with the electronic version from 2004-2008. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains six minute books: 1870-1877, 1878-1892, 1893-1903, 1904-1905, 1906-1911, and 1912-1915\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe 1922 minutes mention that three women dentists were admitted into the VDA for the first time.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAt the 1932 annual meeting Martin Dewey, president of the ADA, discussed the lack of Black dentists and also issues regarding dentists working with the Native American population.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe 1936 minutes contain letters from other Virginia dental groups, including the Old Dominion Dental Society (the separate organization for Black dentists), regarding support for legislation to outlaw advertising dentists.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe 1942 annual meeting marked the centennial celebration of organized dentistry in Virginia. The minutes include a resolution by the Committee on Tire Priorities for the Richmond Dental Society authorizing the VDA to work to have dentists given priority rating for automobile tires; a presentation by M.S. McClung of the Office of Price Control discussing the need for price control during war time; and Dr. Harry Bear's discussion of the accelerated program at the Medical College of Virginia, School of Dentistry for those persons who join the Army or Navy reserves during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the 1952 meeting the president, J.H. Cocks, discussed civil defense training for dentists in the case of atomic attack. He also recommended the next president appoint a committee to study racial segregation as it concerned membership in the VDA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeveral documents from 1962 discuss the inclusion of Blacks in the VDA membership.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis committee was formerly known as Mouth Hygiene.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis committee was formed as a result of the Depression-era Federal Emergency Relief Administration. The committee worked with the state Emergency Relief Administration to set a fee scale for dental work performed for the unemployed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis committee arranged a testimonial dinner at the annual meeting to honor Dr. Harry Lyons and his leadership as president of the American Dental Association.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe questionnaire includes full name, date of birth, name of colleges attended and degrees earned, date of admission to the association, veteran status and rank held, and any offices held in the association at the component and state levels.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Mouth Hygiene committee became the Council on Dental Health in 1948. Folder 17 includes educational posters that were created to promote dental health.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file contains reports from several special committees including Constitution and Bylaws, Collection of Amalgam Scraps, and a committee to study the feasibility of hiring an executive secretary for the Association.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis meeting was a convention cruise to Havana and Nassau.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo meetings were held in 1966. The first was a convention cruise to San Juan and St. Thomas. The second meeting was held in Norfolk. Materials include registration cards and passenger lists for the cruise in addition to the general correspondence and other materials related to the planning of the meetings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder 13 contains several photographs of the banquet.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes samples of meeting badges from several vendors\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeveral letters (June 16 and 19, December 2 and 13) between the VDA and the Old Dominion Dental Society discuss allowing Blacks membership in the VDA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA letter dated April 11 states that the VDA has three female members.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeveral letters concerning a bill that would more fully define the practice of dentistry and make it illegal for a person to conduct a dental practice under a trade name or corporation and a letter (December 29) from the ADA discussing the difficulties dentists encounter using alcohol in their practices due to Prohibition laws.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeveral letters discussing dental care for school children in the Roanoke area and concerns about advertising dentists.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence about lifting the licensing tax on dentists.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA letter (April 17) from J.E. John of the VDA to C.J. Caraballo of Florida asking for guidance in accepting blacks into the state dental society. Caraballos' response (April 23) stated that both Florida and Alabama allowed Blacks to attend state meetings as guests and to pay a fee into the treasury to obtain a membership card which entitled them to membership in the ADA as well.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence includes a letter (April 29) from the Southern California State Dental Association regarding the formation of a National Woman's Auxiliary Board and another letter (November 10) from the ADA regarding the Army Dental Corps bill to increase the number of dentists to improve the level of care and service for military personnel.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence includes letters regarding the possible formation of a Southern Dental Association, a letter from the American Dental Hygienists' Association asking for names of licensed hygienists (licenses not required in Virginia at that time), and Stephen J. Lewis of the Old Dominion Dental Society asking for a copy of the VDA constitution and the bylaws to use as a guide for reorganizing their group.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a letter (May 23) from F. L. Adams of Florida regarding membership of black dentists in the Virginia Association. The letter mentions a proposal to the ADA to provide black dentists with the opportunity to join the ADA via their membership in the National Dental Association.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence includes a letter (May 18) from the VDA to Congressman Richard A. Poff expressing their hope that he will vote against the Anti-Fluoridation Bill.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes letters discussing the portion of the VDA bylaws which stated the Executive Council must approve members elected by the component societies. This was in conflict with the ADA bylaws, so an amendment was made stating that the component societies had the final say on members.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence includes an invitation from the ADA for a US Army sponsored program on nuclear disaster preparedness and the potential of using dentists in a para-medical capacity during an emergency.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePresident, 1980; also includes a copy of his President's Address.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePresident, 1928.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePresident, 1977.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePresident, 1978; also includes a copy of his President's Address as well as a few other speeches and clippings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePresident, 1979; also includes a photograph, a copy of his President's Address, and clippings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePresident, 1971; also includes a copy of his President's Address.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExecutive Council, 1934; his correspondence mostly pertains to his work to abolish the state dental license tax.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePresident, 1970.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePresident, 1985, also includes a copy of his President's Address and a photograph.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePresident, 1940.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePresident, 1930; Secretary-Treasurer, 1935-1939.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePresident, 1974; also includes a copy of his President's Address and several other speeches.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePresident, 1969; also includes campaign materials for his 1975 bid for president of the ADA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePresident, 1984; also includes a photograph and a 1984 speech to the MCV dental graduates.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePresident, 1936.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePresident, 1968.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePresident, 1983; also includes a copy of his President's Address.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePresident, 1972; also includes a photograph.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePresident, 1958.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSecretary-Treasurer, 1929-1935.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePresident, 1980; also includes a copy of his President's Address.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePresident, 1973; also includes a photograph.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence regarding the organization of local dental groups into component societies of the VDA and membership lists.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials for component society 8 include correspondence, annual reports, a history of the group, and programs from component meetings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains correspondence, meeting minutes, and programs for the planning of the 1952 conference.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis lawsuit was filed in reaction to the charges by the NVDS that Golec had violated the ethics code of the Society by sending announcement cards to area dentist announcing service and staff additions at his practice. The suit was settled, the actions against Golec were expunged from his record, and the appropriate portion of the NVDS Code of Ethics was changed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese records contain index cards listing member information including name, address, birth date, college attended, specialty, military service, details of participation in the VDA, and death date. Some records have obituaries attached. To view an Excel spreadsheet of all the dentists listed along with their college, date of graduation, city of practice, date of initial VDA membership, and death date please \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://gallery.library.vcu.edu/items/show/1586\"\u003eclick here\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence regarding this act and the designation of certain military bases as \"rural areas\" so that dependents on base could receive treatment from a military dentist.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA dental care program for school aged children\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA request for documents from the law firm representing the VDA in the FTC case. Folders 22-28 contain the requested documents.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe newspaper clippings discuss the public dental health initiatives and other non-profit activities in which the VDA had engaged.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe manual was developed by the VDA and the Old Dominion Dental Society.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDocuments relating to the governance and benefits of the VDA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDocuments relating to the VDA and the Northern Virginia Dental Society, both named in the FTC case.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese files include dues information, junior and student member information, and membership statements.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAddress delivered by Dr. Carter Perkins before the Virginia Dental Society.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee also box 34 which contains oversized items from this file\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFormer president (1887), items include letters, programs, and announcements.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFormer president of the VDA, he had collected information on the history of dentistry in Virginia and this book was dedicated to him.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFormer president of the VDA. Items include memos from the dental surgeon of the 29th Division of the American Expeditionary Forces, some correspondences, and some essays on dental practice and history.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee also box 34 which contains oversized items from this file.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis box contains typed note cards with information regarding the history of dentistry in Virginia, the VDA, dental legislation and procedures, and other related topics.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis box contains oversized items from the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePlease note that this is not a complete run of the journal.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The records of the Virginia Dental Association (VDA), 1870-2011, include the official minutes and proceedings of the organization as well as committee records, component society materials, correspondence, financial records, annual meeting records and programs, membership records, subject files, materials relating to the American Dental Association and other national, state, and local dental organizations, and research files used to write One Hundred Years of Dentistry in Virginia. These records provide insight into the changes in the dental profession and also the evolution of professional organizations in general.","Series 1: Annual Compilation of Records, 1870-1972. This series, divided into two subseries, consists of the official minutes of the VDA and the records of the Executive Council, the main governing body of the organization.","Subseries 1.1: Minute Books, 1870-1963. The minute books contain annual meeting programs and proceedings, speeches and papers delivered at the meetings, the Bulletin the official publication of the VDA, committee reports, financial statements, newspaper clippings, member lists, and meeting attendee lists including guests and exhibitors. Also included in the minute books are reports from the Bureau of Dental Heath which often contains statistics regarding race and schools where clinics were held and reports of the State Board of Dental Examiners which include statistics regarding applicants for dental licenses.","Subseries 1.2: Executive Council Records, 1931-1972, bulk 1962-1972. These records include meeting minutes and reports along with some correspondence.","Series 2: Financial Records, 1887-1975. These records include bank statements and deposits, invoices, proposed budgets, receipts, and treasurer's books.","Series 3: Committees, 1924-1979. This series contains materials such as correspondence and reports of various standing and special committees.","Series 4: Annual Meetings, 1924-1980. This series includes materials related to the planning and execution of the meetings and is divided into four subseries.","Subseries 4.1: Annual Meeting Records, 1929-1980. This subseries contains general records such as correspondence, financial information, and publicity related to the planning of each annual meeting. Some files also include the proceedings for the meeting as well. The planning for most meetings began one to two years prior to the event, which is indicated by the inclusive date range listed for each folder.","Subseries 4.2: Local Arrangements and Program Committees, 1929-1939, 1954-1956, 1965. Materials in this subseries include correspondence and planning information related to arrangements for clinics, programs, and entertainment at the annual meetings.","Subseries 4.3: Programs, 1924-1970. This subseries contains copies of the official meeting programs.","Subseries 4.4: Meeting Exhibitors, 1927-1980. This subseries includes correspondence with vendors of dental related products and services requesting that the vendors purchase exhibit space or buy advertisements in the meeting program.","Series 5: Correspondence, 1917-1985. This series is divided into two subseries.","Subseries 5.1: General VDA Correspondence, 1917-1975. This subseries consists mostly of correspondence between the membership and the officers of the VDA. There is also some correspondence with the ADA, other state dental societies, the Virginia State Health Department, Virginia Board of Dental Examiners, and other state offices. The subjects most often covered include dues (overdue notices and disputes), issues related to the governance and structure of the VDA, meeting planning (locations, exhibitors, entertainment, and programs), legislative issues related dentistry, and professional ethics issues (advertising, obligations to public health, etc).","Subseries 5.2: Officer's Correspondence and Related Materials, 1927-1985. These files consist primarily of correspondence of specific officers of the VDA. Additionaly, some files also include speeches, photographs, and clippings.","Series 6: Component Societies, 1931-1978. This series contains materials such as correspondence, membership lists, and meeting programs from the eight component societies in Virginia.","Series 7: Administrative Files, 1919-1984. This series consists of subject and court files and is divided into two subseries.","Subseries 7:1: Subject Files, 1919-1984. Contains various subject files relating to legislative and professional issues, membership benefits such as insurance and retirement plans, and other materials such as newspaper clippings and photographs. Also includes membership card files kept by the VDA.","Subseries 7.2: Federal Trade Commission Case, 1960-1978. This subseries pertains to the Federal Trade Commission complaint against the American Dental Association and several of its constituent groups including the Virginia Dental Association and the Northern Virginia Dental Society (American Dental Association, et. al., Docket No. 9093). The FTC complaint stated that the ADA ethical codes violated anittrust laws by barring advertising and preventing price competition. Part of the defense strategy was to prove that the VDA and the NVDS were non-profit groups and as such were outside the FTC's jurisdiction. Documents in this subseries include Children's Dental Health Week materials, public service brochures promoting dental care, newspaper clipping discussing community outreach programs by the VDA, and materials on the governance and benefits of the two groups.","Series 8: National and State Dental Organizations, 1923-1976. This series contains materials such as correspondence, brochures, and newsletters from various other dental organizations includuing the American Dental Association, several local Virginia dental clubs, and some out-of-state dental groups.","Series 9: One Hundred Years of Dentistry in Virginia, 1873-1969. This series contains essays, speeches, research notes, photographs and related materials that were compiled to write this history. Research materials were compiled primarily by Hermie Wait Powell, the author, and Dr. William Newton Hodgkins","Series 10: VDA Journals, 1928-2011. This series contains an incomplete set of the  Bulletin  and the  Virginia Dental Journal . There are eight bound volumes of the Bulletin, loose issues of the Virginia Dental Journal from 1976-1983, 2008-2009, and 2011, and a DVD with the electronic version from 2004-2008. ","Contains six minute books: 1870-1877, 1878-1892, 1893-1903, 1904-1905, 1906-1911, and 1912-1915","The 1922 minutes mention that three women dentists were admitted into the VDA for the first time.","At the 1932 annual meeting Martin Dewey, president of the ADA, discussed the lack of Black dentists and also issues regarding dentists working with the Native American population.","The 1936 minutes contain letters from other Virginia dental groups, including the Old Dominion Dental Society (the separate organization for Black dentists), regarding support for legislation to outlaw advertising dentists.","The 1942 annual meeting marked the centennial celebration of organized dentistry in Virginia. The minutes include a resolution by the Committee on Tire Priorities for the Richmond Dental Society authorizing the VDA to work to have dentists given priority rating for automobile tires; a presentation by M.S. McClung of the Office of Price Control discussing the need for price control during war time; and Dr. Harry Bear's discussion of the accelerated program at the Medical College of Virginia, School of Dentistry for those persons who join the Army or Navy reserves during World War II.","During the 1952 meeting the president, J.H. Cocks, discussed civil defense training for dentists in the case of atomic attack. He also recommended the next president appoint a committee to study racial segregation as it concerned membership in the VDA.","Several documents from 1962 discuss the inclusion of Blacks in the VDA membership.","This committee was formerly known as Mouth Hygiene.","This committee was formed as a result of the Depression-era Federal Emergency Relief Administration. The committee worked with the state Emergency Relief Administration to set a fee scale for dental work performed for the unemployed.","This committee arranged a testimonial dinner at the annual meeting to honor Dr. Harry Lyons and his leadership as president of the American Dental Association.","The questionnaire includes full name, date of birth, name of colleges attended and degrees earned, date of admission to the association, veteran status and rank held, and any offices held in the association at the component and state levels.","The Mouth Hygiene committee became the Council on Dental Health in 1948. Folder 17 includes educational posters that were created to promote dental health.","This file contains reports from several special committees including Constitution and Bylaws, Collection of Amalgam Scraps, and a committee to study the feasibility of hiring an executive secretary for the Association.","This meeting was a convention cruise to Havana and Nassau.","Two meetings were held in 1966. The first was a convention cruise to San Juan and St. Thomas. The second meeting was held in Norfolk. Materials include registration cards and passenger lists for the cruise in addition to the general correspondence and other materials related to the planning of the meetings.","Folder 13 contains several photographs of the banquet.","Includes samples of meeting badges from several vendors","Several letters (June 16 and 19, December 2 and 13) between the VDA and the Old Dominion Dental Society discuss allowing Blacks membership in the VDA.","A letter dated April 11 states that the VDA has three female members.","Several letters concerning a bill that would more fully define the practice of dentistry and make it illegal for a person to conduct a dental practice under a trade name or corporation and a letter (December 29) from the ADA discussing the difficulties dentists encounter using alcohol in their practices due to Prohibition laws.","Several letters discussing dental care for school children in the Roanoke area and concerns about advertising dentists.","Correspondence about lifting the licensing tax on dentists.","A letter (April 17) from J.E. John of the VDA to C.J. Caraballo of Florida asking for guidance in accepting blacks into the state dental society. Caraballos' response (April 23) stated that both Florida and Alabama allowed Blacks to attend state meetings as guests and to pay a fee into the treasury to obtain a membership card which entitled them to membership in the ADA as well.","Correspondence includes a letter (April 29) from the Southern California State Dental Association regarding the formation of a National Woman's Auxiliary Board and another letter (November 10) from the ADA regarding the Army Dental Corps bill to increase the number of dentists to improve the level of care and service for military personnel.","Correspondence includes letters regarding the possible formation of a Southern Dental Association, a letter from the American Dental Hygienists' Association asking for names of licensed hygienists (licenses not required in Virginia at that time), and Stephen J. Lewis of the Old Dominion Dental Society asking for a copy of the VDA constitution and the bylaws to use as a guide for reorganizing their group.","Includes a letter (May 23) from F. L. Adams of Florida regarding membership of black dentists in the Virginia Association. The letter mentions a proposal to the ADA to provide black dentists with the opportunity to join the ADA via their membership in the National Dental Association.","Correspondence includes a letter (May 18) from the VDA to Congressman Richard A. Poff expressing their hope that he will vote against the Anti-Fluoridation Bill.","Includes letters discussing the portion of the VDA bylaws which stated the Executive Council must approve members elected by the component societies. This was in conflict with the ADA bylaws, so an amendment was made stating that the component societies had the final say on members.","Correspondence includes an invitation from the ADA for a US Army sponsored program on nuclear disaster preparedness and the potential of using dentists in a para-medical capacity during an emergency.","President, 1980; also includes a copy of his President's Address.","President, 1928.","President, 1977.","President, 1978; also includes a copy of his President's Address as well as a few other speeches and clippings.","President, 1979; also includes a photograph, a copy of his President's Address, and clippings.","President, 1971; also includes a copy of his President's Address.","Executive Council, 1934; his correspondence mostly pertains to his work to abolish the state dental license tax.","President, 1970.","President, 1985, also includes a copy of his President's Address and a photograph.","President, 1940.","President, 1930; Secretary-Treasurer, 1935-1939.","President, 1974; also includes a copy of his President's Address and several other speeches.","President, 1969; also includes campaign materials for his 1975 bid for president of the ADA.","President, 1984; also includes a photograph and a 1984 speech to the MCV dental graduates.","President, 1936.","President, 1968.","President, 1983; also includes a copy of his President's Address.","President, 1972; also includes a photograph.","President, 1958.","Secretary-Treasurer, 1929-1935.","President, 1980; also includes a copy of his President's Address.","President, 1973; also includes a photograph.","Correspondence regarding the organization of local dental groups into component societies of the VDA and membership lists.","Materials for component society 8 include correspondence, annual reports, a history of the group, and programs from component meetings.","Contains correspondence, meeting minutes, and programs for the planning of the 1952 conference.","This lawsuit was filed in reaction to the charges by the NVDS that Golec had violated the ethics code of the Society by sending announcement cards to area dentist announcing service and staff additions at his practice. The suit was settled, the actions against Golec were expunged from his record, and the appropriate portion of the NVDS Code of Ethics was changed.","These records contain index cards listing member information including name, address, birth date, college attended, specialty, military service, details of participation in the VDA, and death date. Some records have obituaries attached. To view an Excel spreadsheet of all the dentists listed along with their college, date of graduation, city of practice, date of initial VDA membership, and death date please  click here .","Correspondence regarding this act and the designation of certain military bases as \"rural areas\" so that dependents on base could receive treatment from a military dentist.","A dental care program for school aged children","A request for documents from the law firm representing the VDA in the FTC case. Folders 22-28 contain the requested documents.","The newspaper clippings discuss the public dental health initiatives and other non-profit activities in which the VDA had engaged.","The manual was developed by the VDA and the Old Dominion Dental Society.","Documents relating to the governance and benefits of the VDA.","Documents relating to the VDA and the Northern Virginia Dental Society, both named in the FTC case.","These files include dues information, junior and student member information, and membership statements.","Address delivered by Dr. Carter Perkins before the Virginia Dental Society.","See also box 34 which contains oversized items from this file","Former president (1887), items include letters, programs, and announcements.","Former president of the VDA, he had collected information on the history of dentistry in Virginia and this book was dedicated to him.","Former president of the VDA. Items include memos from the dental surgeon of the 29th Division of the American Expeditionary Forces, some correspondences, and some essays on dental practice and history.","See also box 34 which contains oversized items from this file.","This box contains typed note cards with information regarding the history of dentistry in Virginia, the VDA, dental legislation and procedures, and other related topics.","This box contains oversized items from the collection.","Please note that this is not a complete run of the journal."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia Dental Association","American Dental Association","Virginia. Department of Health","Virginia. Board of Dentistry","Hodgkin, William N., 1890-1961","Powell, Hermie Wait"],"names_ssim":["VCU Health Sciences Library","Virginia Dental Association","American Dental Association","Virginia. Department of Health","Virginia. Board of Dentistry","Hodgkin, William N., 1890-1961","Powell, Hermie Wait"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU Health Sciences Library","Virginia Dental Association","American Dental Association","Virginia. Department of Health","Virginia. Board of Dentistry"],"persname_ssim":["Hodgkin, William N., 1890-1961","Powell, Hermie Wait"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":340,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T04:33:13.264Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_3_resources_6_c04_c02_c09"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1675_c05_c01_c24","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"19 Items - Financial and Legal Papers - Okatoba Hunting and Fishing - 9817-l","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1675_c05_c01_c24#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1675_c05_c01_c24","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_3_resources_1675_c05_c01_c24"],"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1675_c05_c01_c24","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1675","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1675","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1675_c05_c01","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1675_c05_c01","parent_ssim":["viu_repositories_3_resources_1675","viu_repositories_3_resources_1675_c05","viu_repositories_3_resources_1675_c05_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_3_resources_1675","viu_repositories_3_resources_1675_c05","viu_repositories_3_resources_1675_c05_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["William Faulkner Collection","Series V: Business and Legal Records","Subseries A: Contracts and Legal Agreements"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["William Faulkner Collection","Series V: Business and Legal Records","Subseries A: Contracts and Legal Agreements"],"text":["William Faulkner Collection","Series V: Business and Legal Records","Subseries A: Contracts and Legal Agreements","19 Items - Financial and Legal Papers - Okatoba Hunting and Fishing - 9817-l","box 125","folder 24"],"title_filing_ssi":"19 Items - Financial and Legal Papers - Okatoba Hunting and Fishing - 9817-l ","title_ssm":["19 Items - Financial and Legal Papers - Okatoba Hunting and Fishing - 9817-l"],"title_tesim":["19 Items - Financial and Legal Papers - Okatoba Hunting and Fishing - 9817-l"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1935"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1935"],"normalized_title_ssm":["19 Items - Financial and Legal Papers - Okatoba Hunting and Fishing - 9817-l"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["William Faulkner Collection"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":1701,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open for research use with the following exceptions: Material pertaining to individual student records may be restricted in accordance with the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA). Please contact the Archives with specific questions regarding access to such records.","We are currently organizing and describing this collection—which spans 180 different catalog records—to create a single William Faulkner Collection (MSS 16807) and finding aid that will improve access and discoverability. Due to the very large size and complexity of this collection, we are enacting partial, rolling closures while processing to facilitate and expedite this work. We expect to complete the project in late 2026."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["This collection contains some in-copyright material. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials.  ","Permissions and Publishing Page:\nhttps://www.library.virginia.edu/special-collections/services/publishing","Please note that W.W. Norton holds copyright to all of Faulkner's published works.","If you would like to publish images in print or online of original manuscript materials from our collection that pertain to these published works, including holograph drafts and typescripts, please contact: \nPenguin Random House LLC\nRandom House Publishing Group\n1745 Broadway\nNew York, NY 10019\nAttention: Permissions Department\nPhone: 212-782-9000","For permission to quote from or publish images in print or online of any of Faulkner's unpublished works or correspondence, please contact:\nW.W. Norton \u0026 Company, Inc.\nAttention: Permissions Department\n500 5th Avenue\nNew York, NY 10110\nPhone: 212-354-5500\nEmail: permissions@wwnorton.com","For permission to use copyrighted Faulkner materials in any way than listed above, please contact:\nFaulkner Literary Rights, LLC\nP.O. Box 1408\nCharlottesville, VA 22902\nPhone: 434-296-2156","Photocopies of correspondence between Andrew Brown and T.F. Hickerson regarding \"William Faulkner: Man of Legends\" came from original copies housed at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and are not to be quoted in print without their permission. "],"date_range_isim":[1935],"containers_ssim":["box 125","folder 24"],"_nest_path_":"/components#4/components#0/components#23","timestamp":"2026-06-06T07:07:28.695Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1675","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1675","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1675","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1675","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1675.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/196837","title_filing_ssi":"Faulkner, William, Collection","title_ssm":["William Faulkner Collection"],"title_tesim":["William Faulkner Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1824-2006"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1824-2006"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16807","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1675"],"text":["MSS 16807","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1675","William Faulkner Collection","Faulkner, William, 1897-1962","American literature--Southern States","American fiction--20th Century","This collection is open for research use with the following exceptions: Material pertaining to individual student records may be restricted in accordance with the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA). Please contact the Archives with specific questions regarding access to such records.","We are currently organizing and describing this collection—which spans 180 different catalog records—to create a single William Faulkner Collection (MSS 16807) and finding aid that will improve access and discoverability. Due to the very large size and complexity of this collection, we are enacting partial, rolling closures while processing to facilitate and expedite this work. We expect to complete the project in late 2026.","Material pertaining to individual student records is restricted in accordance with the Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA). Please contact the Archives with specific questions regarding access to such records.","The William Faulkner Collection, MSS 16807, also known as \"The William Faulkner Papers,\" centers on the life and work of William Faulkner, a renowned American author and a foundational voice in Southern Gothic Literature.  William Faulkner was born on September 15, 1897, in New Albany, Mississippi, to Murry Falkner and Maud Butler Falkner. Faulkner was primarily raised in Oxford, Mississippi. He left high school shortly after the eleventh grade in 1915 to work at his grandfather's bank. William Faulkner would go on to briefly join the Canadian Royal Air Force from 1918-1919 before coming back to Oxford, Mississippi and holding various jobs throughout Mississippi and New York until he published his first book,  Soldier's Pay , in 1926. He married Lida Estelle Oldham in 1929, and together they had one daughter to survive past infancy, Jill Faulkner, in 1933. Faulkner grew in popularity as an author after the publication of  The Sound and the Fury  in 1929. Though a Mississippi native, William Faulkner moved to Charlottesville, VA, in 1957 to be closer to Jill, her husband, Paul Summers, and their children. It was during this time that Faulkner began work as the University of Virginia's first ever writer-in-residence. Faulkner continued to teach at the University of Virginia in several different positions until his death on July 6, 1962.  ","Source: Materials within the collection.   ","This material may contain offensive or harmful language or imagery. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.","This material contains offensive and harmful language and imagery, including references to outdated terminology for Black individuals, references or imagery involving racism, and references or imagery involving sexual assault, domestic violence, or crimes based on gender or sexual orientation.","This collection was reprocessed during 2024-2026 by archivists Elizabeth Nosari and Kaylin Preslar. The collection was originally described in 180 different catalog records and housed in non-consecutive boxes.\nArchivists worked to bring these disparate parts together to create a single William Faulkner Collection (MSS 16807) and finding aid to improve access and discoverability.","The William Faulkner collection has historically been represented by numerous different manuscript numbers (collection identifiers). MSS 16807 is a new manuscript number which serves to identify the collection as a whole. Original manuscript numbers have been retained in this guide and are noted in the title of each item.","In this example, the original manuscript number is 6074, and \"Series IA, Item 9b\" refers to the item's original location within MSS 6074, prior to reprocessing.","Absalom, Absalom! - Typescript (17 Leaves) - 6074, Series IA, Item 9b, 1936","While original order has been prioritized in the arrangement of Series IV, specific folders related to William Faulkner have been pulled from the rest of Albert Erskine's materials within MSS 10280-d and 10280-e for Subseries A. For ease of researcher use, these materials were pulled so that all of William Faulkner's publication records would be together, and so that the remaining materials within 10280-d and 10280-e relating to other authors would not be included within the William Faulkner collection.","Series III of the William Faulkner Collection contains the personal papers, files, belongings, and related realia of William Faulkner. Materials in the collection range in date from 1824 to 2003 and are divided into eight subseries: William Faulkner's working papers related to his literary works, drawings made by Faulkner, his childhood ephemera and student records, military and flight records, family papers, honors and awards, belongings and related realia, and reminiscences or accounts of William Faulkner.  ","Many of William Faulkner's student and family records differ in the spelling of his last name due to changes made over time by family members and by Faulkner himself. For this reason, Faulkner's student and childhood records will often refer to him as \"William Falkner.\" William Faulkner's family papers are also listed as \"Faulkner/Falkner Family Papers\" for this reason.  ","The Faulkner/Falkner Family Papers are divided into smaller sub-subseries based on the order in which they would fall within Faulkner's family tree and arranged chronologically within each. The first sub-subseries is comprised of Faulkner's extended family, grandparents, parents, and siblings, including John Wesley Thompson, William Clark Falkner, John Wesley Thompson Falkner, Alabama Falkner McLean, Murry Falkner, Maud Butler Falkner, Murry Falkner II, John Wesley Thompson Falkner/Faulkner III, and Dean Swift Falkner. The second sub-subseries within the Faulkner/Falkner Family subseries includes papers belonging to William Faulkner's wife, Estelle Oldham Faulkner, and the Oldham family. The third sub-subseries includes papers belonging to Estelle's son from her first marriage to Cornell Franklin and William Faulkner's stepson, Malcolm Argyle Franklin. Included with Malcolm Argyle Franklin's papers is a small amount of material once belonging to William F. Fielden, which was originally acquired with and has been kept with Franklin's papers. Next, within the subseries are the papers once belonging to William and Estelle Faulkner's daughter Jill Faulkner Summers and the Summers family.","Series IV of the William Faulkner Collection contains William Faulkner's publication records.  Materials in the collection range in date from 1924 to 1986 and are divided into three subseries based on record provenance. The first subseries is comprised of records relating to the original publication of Faulkner's works from Random House, Inc., and Albert Erskine. The second subseries is made up of records from Noel Polk, a Faulkner scholar and editor who worked on posthumous editions and publications of Faulkner's writings. The third and last subseries, Subseries C, contains all publishing-related records not from Random House, Albert Erskine, or Noel Polk. Prominent individuals whose publishing-related correspondence and records are featured in this subseries include William Faulkner's literary agents Harold Ober and Morton Goldman.  ","Series V of the William Faulkner collection contains William Faulkner's business and legal records. Materials within the series range in date from 1922 to 2006 and are divided into four subseries, the first of which includes William Faulkner's contracts and agreements, including a copy of Faulkner's will and legal agreements pertaining to his work and property carried out by his daughter, Jill Faulkner Summers, after his death in 1962. The second subseries includes all papers from William Faulkner's literary agent, Harold Ober, with the exception of Ober's papers relating to William Faulkner's publishing records, which are included in Series IV. Subseries C contains records relating to William Faulkner's cultural diplomacy work and travel. These records include papers gifted to the University of Virginia by Hal Howland, an employee of the United States Foreign Service/State Department.  Subseries C additionally contains records and correspondence relating to William Faulkner's work with the People to People diplomatic program, given as part of a gift from Joseph Blotner, scholar and biographer of William Faulkner.  The final subseries in Series V contains records pertaining to the William Faulkner Foundation. Whenever possible, the original order of each of the previous MSS numbers within Series V has been prioritized in the arrangement of the series.","Series VI of the William Faulkner collection contains photographs and portraits of and pertaining to William Faulkner. The photographs and portraits in this series range in date from 1898 to 2005 and cover a wide range of accession numbers, one of these being Faulkner's original deposit, MSS 6074. Materials within Series VI have been arranged in order of their original accession number to emphasize their provenance and chronologically therein.","Series VII of the William Faulkner collection includes press and publicity materials related to William Faulkner. Materials within the series range in date from 1922 to 2005 and are divided into three subseries. The first subseries consists of news clippings and press coverage articles about William Faulkner, many of which were gifted by Linton Massey and Jill Faulkner Summers. The second subseries contains William Faulkner's publicity films and audio recordings of Faulkner reading his works. The final subseries includes ephemera relating to William Faulkner's publicity films. Within each of these three subseries, materials are arranged chronologically.","Series VIII of the William Faulkner collection contains materials from Faulkner's time working at the University of Virginia, where he was the university's Writer-in-Residence from 1957 to 1958, Consultant on American Literature to the Alderman Library, now Shannon Library, from around 1958 to 1961, and Balch Lecturer in American Literature from 1961 to 1962. The series is divided into three subseries: Audio Recordings from Talks and Lectures, Ephemera Related to Faulkner's Tenure, and Exhibitions about Faulkner at the Library. Materials are then arranged chronologically within each subseries.","Series IX of the William Faulkner collection contains the materials of scholars of William Faulkner and collectors of Faulkner's archival and manuscript materials. Original Faulkner materials collected by some of these individuals, such as Joseph Blotner and Linton R. Massey, have been arranged and integrated into other series of the collection, but materials related specifically to their collecting work and scholarship are included in this series. Materials within this series are organized into subseries based on the corresponding scholar/collector names, which have been arranged in alphabetical order by last name.","Series X of the William Faulkner collection includes typescripts and ephemera from adaptations of William Faulkner works for theatre, film, and television. Materials within Series X are arranged in chronological order.","This collection contains some in-copyright material. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials.  ","Permissions and Publishing Page:\nhttps://www.library.virginia.edu/special-collections/services/publishing","Please note that W.W. Norton holds copyright to all of Faulkner's published works.","If you would like to publish images in print or online of original manuscript materials from our collection that pertain to these published works, including holograph drafts and typescripts, please contact: \nPenguin Random House LLC\nRandom House Publishing Group\n1745 Broadway\nNew York, NY 10019\nAttention: Permissions Department\nPhone: 212-782-9000","For permission to quote from or publish images in print or online of any of Faulkner's unpublished works or correspondence, please contact:\nW.W. Norton \u0026 Company, Inc.\nAttention: Permissions Department\n500 5th Avenue\nNew York, NY 10110\nPhone: 212-354-5500\nEmail: permissions@wwnorton.com","For permission to use copyrighted Faulkner materials in any way than listed above, please contact:\nFaulkner Literary Rights, LLC\nP.O. Box 1408\nCharlottesville, VA 22902\nPhone: 434-296-2156","Photocopies of correspondence between Andrew Brown and T.F. Hickerson regarding \"William Faulkner: Man of Legends\" came from original copies housed at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and are not to be quoted in print without their permission. ","Photocopies of correspondence between Andrew Brown and T.F. Hickerson regarding \"William Faulkner: Man of Legends\" came from original copies housed at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and are not to be quoted in print without their permission.","Because of the assembled nature of these photographs, copyright status varies across the series. Reproduction rights for photographs marked \"for reference use only\" are not owned by the University of Virginia. Copyright is assumed to be held by the original creator of individual items in the series; the University of Virginia is not authorized to grant permission to publish or reproduce these items. Researchers are responsible for securing permission to publish or reproduce photographs from the rights holders.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Faulkner, William, 1897-1962","Materials primarily in English, with some publications in French and German."],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16807","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1675"],"normalized_title_ssm":["William Faulkner Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["William Faulkner Collection"],"collection_ssim":["William Faulkner Collection"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Faulkner, William, 1897-1962"],"creator_ssim":["Faulkner, William, 1897-1962"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Faulkner, William, 1897-1962"],"creators_ssim":["Faulkner, William, 1897-1962"],"access_terms_ssm":["This collection contains some in-copyright material. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials.  ","Permissions and Publishing Page:\nhttps://www.library.virginia.edu/special-collections/services/publishing","Please note that W.W. Norton holds copyright to all of Faulkner's published works.","If you would like to publish images in print or online of original manuscript materials from our collection that pertain to these published works, including holograph drafts and typescripts, please contact: \nPenguin Random House LLC\nRandom House Publishing Group\n1745 Broadway\nNew York, NY 10019\nAttention: Permissions Department\nPhone: 212-782-9000","For permission to quote from or publish images in print or online of any of Faulkner's unpublished works or correspondence, please contact:\nW.W. Norton \u0026 Company, Inc.\nAttention: Permissions Department\n500 5th Avenue\nNew York, NY 10110\nPhone: 212-354-5500\nEmail: permissions@wwnorton.com","For permission to use copyrighted Faulkner materials in any way than listed above, please contact:\nFaulkner Literary Rights, LLC\nP.O. Box 1408\nCharlottesville, VA 22902\nPhone: 434-296-2156","Photocopies of correspondence between Andrew Brown and T.F. Hickerson regarding \"William Faulkner: Man of Legends\" came from original copies housed at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and are not to be quoted in print without their permission. "],"access_subjects_ssim":["Faulkner, William, 1897-1962","American literature--Southern States","American fiction--20th Century"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Faulkner, William, 1897-1962","American literature--Southern States","American fiction--20th Century"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["115 Cubic Feet"],"extent_tesim":["115 Cubic Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["American literature--Southern States","American fiction--20th Century"],"date_range_isim":[1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research use with the following exceptions: Material pertaining to individual student records may be restricted in accordance with the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA). Please contact the Archives with specific questions regarding access to such records.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe are currently organizing and describing this collection—which spans 180 different catalog records—to create a single William Faulkner Collection (MSS 16807) and finding aid that will improve access and discoverability. Due to the very large size and complexity of this collection, we are enacting partial, rolling closures while processing to facilitate and expedite this work. We expect to complete the project in late 2026.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterial pertaining to individual student records is restricted in accordance with the Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA). Please contact the Archives with specific questions regarding access to such records.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research use with the following exceptions: Material pertaining to individual student records may be restricted in accordance with the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA). Please contact the Archives with specific questions regarding access to such records.","We are currently organizing and describing this collection—which spans 180 different catalog records—to create a single William Faulkner Collection (MSS 16807) and finding aid that will improve access and discoverability. Due to the very large size and complexity of this collection, we are enacting partial, rolling closures while processing to facilitate and expedite this work. We expect to complete the project in late 2026.","Material pertaining to individual student records is restricted in accordance with the Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA). Please contact the Archives with specific questions regarding access to such records."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe William Faulkner Collection, MSS 16807, also known as \"The William Faulkner Papers,\" centers on the life and work of William Faulkner, a renowned American author and a foundational voice in Southern Gothic Literature.  William Faulkner was born on September 15, 1897, in New Albany, Mississippi, to Murry Falkner and Maud Butler Falkner. Faulkner was primarily raised in Oxford, Mississippi. He left high school shortly after the eleventh grade in 1915 to work at his grandfather's bank. William Faulkner would go on to briefly join the Canadian Royal Air Force from 1918-1919 before coming back to Oxford, Mississippi and holding various jobs throughout Mississippi and New York until he published his first book, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003e\u003ctitle\u003eSoldier's Pay\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/emph\u003e, in 1926. He married Lida Estelle Oldham in 1929, and together they had one daughter to survive past infancy, Jill Faulkner, in 1933. Faulkner grew in popularity as an author after the publication of \u003ctitle\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Sound and the Fury\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/title\u003e in 1929. Though a Mississippi native, William Faulkner moved to Charlottesville, VA, in 1957 to be closer to Jill, her husband, Paul Summers, and their children. It was during this time that Faulkner began work as the University of Virginia's first ever writer-in-residence. Faulkner continued to teach at the University of Virginia in several different positions until his death on July 6, 1962.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSource: Materials within the collection.   \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The William Faulkner Collection, MSS 16807, also known as \"The William Faulkner Papers,\" centers on the life and work of William Faulkner, a renowned American author and a foundational voice in Southern Gothic Literature.  William Faulkner was born on September 15, 1897, in New Albany, Mississippi, to Murry Falkner and Maud Butler Falkner. Faulkner was primarily raised in Oxford, Mississippi. He left high school shortly after the eleventh grade in 1915 to work at his grandfather's bank. William Faulkner would go on to briefly join the Canadian Royal Air Force from 1918-1919 before coming back to Oxford, Mississippi and holding various jobs throughout Mississippi and New York until he published his first book,  Soldier's Pay , in 1926. He married Lida Estelle Oldham in 1929, and together they had one daughter to survive past infancy, Jill Faulkner, in 1933. Faulkner grew in popularity as an author after the publication of  The Sound and the Fury  in 1929. Though a Mississippi native, William Faulkner moved to Charlottesville, VA, in 1957 to be closer to Jill, her husband, Paul Summers, and their children. It was during this time that Faulkner began work as the University of Virginia's first ever writer-in-residence. Faulkner continued to teach at the University of Virginia in several different positions until his death on July 6, 1962.  ","Source: Materials within the collection.   "],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis material may contain offensive or harmful language or imagery. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis material contains offensive and harmful language and imagery, including references to outdated terminology for Black individuals, references or imagery involving racism, and references or imagery involving sexual assault, domestic violence, or crimes based on gender or sexual orientation.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Content Warning","Content Warning"],"odd_tesim":["This material may contain offensive or harmful language or imagery. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.","This material contains offensive and harmful language and imagery, including references to outdated terminology for Black individuals, references or imagery involving racism, and references or imagery involving sexual assault, domestic violence, or crimes based on gender or sexual orientation."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16807 William Faulkner collection, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16807 William Faulkner collection, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection was reprocessed during 2024-2026 by archivists Elizabeth Nosari and Kaylin Preslar. The collection was originally described in 180 different catalog records and housed in non-consecutive boxes.\nArchivists worked to bring these disparate parts together to create a single William Faulkner Collection (MSS 16807) and finding aid to improve access and discoverability.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe William Faulkner collection has historically been represented by numerous different manuscript numbers (collection identifiers). MSS 16807 is a new manuscript number which serves to identify the collection as a whole. Original manuscript numbers have been retained in this guide and are noted in the title of each item.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this example, the original manuscript number is 6074, and \"Series IA, Item 9b\" refers to the item's original location within MSS 6074, prior to reprocessing.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAbsalom, Absalom! - Typescript (17 Leaves) - 6074, Series IA, Item 9b, 1936\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhile original order has been prioritized in the arrangement of Series IV, specific folders related to William Faulkner have been pulled from the rest of Albert Erskine's materials within MSS 10280-d and 10280-e for Subseries A. For ease of researcher use, these materials were pulled so that all of William Faulkner's publication records would be together, and so that the remaining materials within 10280-d and 10280-e relating to other authors would not be included within the William Faulkner collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information","Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["This collection was reprocessed during 2024-2026 by archivists Elizabeth Nosari and Kaylin Preslar. The collection was originally described in 180 different catalog records and housed in non-consecutive boxes.\nArchivists worked to bring these disparate parts together to create a single William Faulkner Collection (MSS 16807) and finding aid to improve access and discoverability.","The William Faulkner collection has historically been represented by numerous different manuscript numbers (collection identifiers). MSS 16807 is a new manuscript number which serves to identify the collection as a whole. Original manuscript numbers have been retained in this guide and are noted in the title of each item.","In this example, the original manuscript number is 6074, and \"Series IA, Item 9b\" refers to the item's original location within MSS 6074, prior to reprocessing.","Absalom, Absalom! - Typescript (17 Leaves) - 6074, Series IA, Item 9b, 1936","While original order has been prioritized in the arrangement of Series IV, specific folders related to William Faulkner have been pulled from the rest of Albert Erskine's materials within MSS 10280-d and 10280-e for Subseries A. For ease of researcher use, these materials were pulled so that all of William Faulkner's publication records would be together, and so that the remaining materials within 10280-d and 10280-e relating to other authors would not be included within the William Faulkner collection."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries III of the William Faulkner Collection contains the personal papers, files, belongings, and related realia of William Faulkner. Materials in the collection range in date from 1824 to 2003 and are divided into eight subseries: William Faulkner's working papers related to his literary works, drawings made by Faulkner, his childhood ephemera and student records, military and flight records, family papers, honors and awards, belongings and related realia, and reminiscences or accounts of William Faulkner.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMany of William Faulkner's student and family records differ in the spelling of his last name due to changes made over time by family members and by Faulkner himself. For this reason, Faulkner's student and childhood records will often refer to him as \"William Falkner.\" William Faulkner's family papers are also listed as \"Faulkner/Falkner Family Papers\" for this reason.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Faulkner/Falkner Family Papers are divided into smaller sub-subseries based on the order in which they would fall within Faulkner's family tree and arranged chronologically within each. The first sub-subseries is comprised of Faulkner's extended family, grandparents, parents, and siblings, including John Wesley Thompson, William Clark Falkner, John Wesley Thompson Falkner, Alabama Falkner McLean, Murry Falkner, Maud Butler Falkner, Murry Falkner II, John Wesley Thompson Falkner/Faulkner III, and Dean Swift Falkner. The second sub-subseries within the Faulkner/Falkner Family subseries includes papers belonging to William Faulkner's wife, Estelle Oldham Faulkner, and the Oldham family. The third sub-subseries includes papers belonging to Estelle's son from her first marriage to Cornell Franklin and William Faulkner's stepson, Malcolm Argyle Franklin. Included with Malcolm Argyle Franklin's papers is a small amount of material once belonging to William F. Fielden, which was originally acquired with and has been kept with Franklin's papers. Next, within the subseries are the papers once belonging to William and Estelle Faulkner's daughter Jill Faulkner Summers and the Summers family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV of the William Faulkner Collection contains William Faulkner's publication records.  Materials in the collection range in date from 1924 to 1986 and are divided into three subseries based on record provenance. The first subseries is comprised of records relating to the original publication of Faulkner's works from Random House, Inc., and Albert Erskine. The second subseries is made up of records from Noel Polk, a Faulkner scholar and editor who worked on posthumous editions and publications of Faulkner's writings. The third and last subseries, Subseries C, contains all publishing-related records not from Random House, Albert Erskine, or Noel Polk. Prominent individuals whose publishing-related correspondence and records are featured in this subseries include William Faulkner's literary agents Harold Ober and Morton Goldman.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries V of the William Faulkner collection contains William Faulkner's business and legal records. Materials within the series range in date from 1922 to 2006 and are divided into four subseries, the first of which includes William Faulkner's contracts and agreements, including a copy of Faulkner's will and legal agreements pertaining to his work and property carried out by his daughter, Jill Faulkner Summers, after his death in 1962. The second subseries includes all papers from William Faulkner's literary agent, Harold Ober, with the exception of Ober's papers relating to William Faulkner's publishing records, which are included in Series IV. Subseries C contains records relating to William Faulkner's cultural diplomacy work and travel. These records include papers gifted to the University of Virginia by Hal Howland, an employee of the United States Foreign Service/State Department.  Subseries C additionally contains records and correspondence relating to William Faulkner's work with the People to People diplomatic program, given as part of a gift from Joseph Blotner, scholar and biographer of William Faulkner.  The final subseries in Series V contains records pertaining to the William Faulkner Foundation. Whenever possible, the original order of each of the previous MSS numbers within Series V has been prioritized in the arrangement of the series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries VI of the William Faulkner collection contains photographs and portraits of and pertaining to William Faulkner. The photographs and portraits in this series range in date from 1898 to 2005 and cover a wide range of accession numbers, one of these being Faulkner's original deposit, MSS 6074. Materials within Series VI have been arranged in order of their original accession number to emphasize their provenance and chronologically therein.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries VII of the William Faulkner collection includes press and publicity materials related to William Faulkner. Materials within the series range in date from 1922 to 2005 and are divided into three subseries. The first subseries consists of news clippings and press coverage articles about William Faulkner, many of which were gifted by Linton Massey and Jill Faulkner Summers. The second subseries contains William Faulkner's publicity films and audio recordings of Faulkner reading his works. The final subseries includes ephemera relating to William Faulkner's publicity films. Within each of these three subseries, materials are arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries VIII of the William Faulkner collection contains materials from Faulkner's time working at the University of Virginia, where he was the university's Writer-in-Residence from 1957 to 1958, Consultant on American Literature to the Alderman Library, now Shannon Library, from around 1958 to 1961, and Balch Lecturer in American Literature from 1961 to 1962. The series is divided into three subseries: Audio Recordings from Talks and Lectures, Ephemera Related to Faulkner's Tenure, and Exhibitions about Faulkner at the Library. Materials are then arranged chronologically within each subseries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries IX of the William Faulkner collection contains the materials of scholars of William Faulkner and collectors of Faulkner's archival and manuscript materials. Original Faulkner materials collected by some of these individuals, such as Joseph Blotner and Linton R. Massey, have been arranged and integrated into other series of the collection, but materials related specifically to their collecting work and scholarship are included in this series. Materials within this series are organized into subseries based on the corresponding scholar/collector names, which have been arranged in alphabetical order by last name.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries X of the William Faulkner collection includes typescripts and ephemera from adaptations of William Faulkner works for theatre, film, and television. Materials within Series X are arranged in chronological order.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Series III of the William Faulkner Collection contains the personal papers, files, belongings, and related realia of William Faulkner. Materials in the collection range in date from 1824 to 2003 and are divided into eight subseries: William Faulkner's working papers related to his literary works, drawings made by Faulkner, his childhood ephemera and student records, military and flight records, family papers, honors and awards, belongings and related realia, and reminiscences or accounts of William Faulkner.  ","Many of William Faulkner's student and family records differ in the spelling of his last name due to changes made over time by family members and by Faulkner himself. For this reason, Faulkner's student and childhood records will often refer to him as \"William Falkner.\" William Faulkner's family papers are also listed as \"Faulkner/Falkner Family Papers\" for this reason.  ","The Faulkner/Falkner Family Papers are divided into smaller sub-subseries based on the order in which they would fall within Faulkner's family tree and arranged chronologically within each. The first sub-subseries is comprised of Faulkner's extended family, grandparents, parents, and siblings, including John Wesley Thompson, William Clark Falkner, John Wesley Thompson Falkner, Alabama Falkner McLean, Murry Falkner, Maud Butler Falkner, Murry Falkner II, John Wesley Thompson Falkner/Faulkner III, and Dean Swift Falkner. The second sub-subseries within the Faulkner/Falkner Family subseries includes papers belonging to William Faulkner's wife, Estelle Oldham Faulkner, and the Oldham family. The third sub-subseries includes papers belonging to Estelle's son from her first marriage to Cornell Franklin and William Faulkner's stepson, Malcolm Argyle Franklin. Included with Malcolm Argyle Franklin's papers is a small amount of material once belonging to William F. Fielden, which was originally acquired with and has been kept with Franklin's papers. Next, within the subseries are the papers once belonging to William and Estelle Faulkner's daughter Jill Faulkner Summers and the Summers family.","Series IV of the William Faulkner Collection contains William Faulkner's publication records.  Materials in the collection range in date from 1924 to 1986 and are divided into three subseries based on record provenance. The first subseries is comprised of records relating to the original publication of Faulkner's works from Random House, Inc., and Albert Erskine. The second subseries is made up of records from Noel Polk, a Faulkner scholar and editor who worked on posthumous editions and publications of Faulkner's writings. The third and last subseries, Subseries C, contains all publishing-related records not from Random House, Albert Erskine, or Noel Polk. Prominent individuals whose publishing-related correspondence and records are featured in this subseries include William Faulkner's literary agents Harold Ober and Morton Goldman.  ","Series V of the William Faulkner collection contains William Faulkner's business and legal records. Materials within the series range in date from 1922 to 2006 and are divided into four subseries, the first of which includes William Faulkner's contracts and agreements, including a copy of Faulkner's will and legal agreements pertaining to his work and property carried out by his daughter, Jill Faulkner Summers, after his death in 1962. The second subseries includes all papers from William Faulkner's literary agent, Harold Ober, with the exception of Ober's papers relating to William Faulkner's publishing records, which are included in Series IV. Subseries C contains records relating to William Faulkner's cultural diplomacy work and travel. These records include papers gifted to the University of Virginia by Hal Howland, an employee of the United States Foreign Service/State Department.  Subseries C additionally contains records and correspondence relating to William Faulkner's work with the People to People diplomatic program, given as part of a gift from Joseph Blotner, scholar and biographer of William Faulkner.  The final subseries in Series V contains records pertaining to the William Faulkner Foundation. Whenever possible, the original order of each of the previous MSS numbers within Series V has been prioritized in the arrangement of the series.","Series VI of the William Faulkner collection contains photographs and portraits of and pertaining to William Faulkner. The photographs and portraits in this series range in date from 1898 to 2005 and cover a wide range of accession numbers, one of these being Faulkner's original deposit, MSS 6074. Materials within Series VI have been arranged in order of their original accession number to emphasize their provenance and chronologically therein.","Series VII of the William Faulkner collection includes press and publicity materials related to William Faulkner. Materials within the series range in date from 1922 to 2005 and are divided into three subseries. The first subseries consists of news clippings and press coverage articles about William Faulkner, many of which were gifted by Linton Massey and Jill Faulkner Summers. The second subseries contains William Faulkner's publicity films and audio recordings of Faulkner reading his works. The final subseries includes ephemera relating to William Faulkner's publicity films. Within each of these three subseries, materials are arranged chronologically.","Series VIII of the William Faulkner collection contains materials from Faulkner's time working at the University of Virginia, where he was the university's Writer-in-Residence from 1957 to 1958, Consultant on American Literature to the Alderman Library, now Shannon Library, from around 1958 to 1961, and Balch Lecturer in American Literature from 1961 to 1962. The series is divided into three subseries: Audio Recordings from Talks and Lectures, Ephemera Related to Faulkner's Tenure, and Exhibitions about Faulkner at the Library. Materials are then arranged chronologically within each subseries.","Series IX of the William Faulkner collection contains the materials of scholars of William Faulkner and collectors of Faulkner's archival and manuscript materials. Original Faulkner materials collected by some of these individuals, such as Joseph Blotner and Linton R. Massey, have been arranged and integrated into other series of the collection, but materials related specifically to their collecting work and scholarship are included in this series. Materials within this series are organized into subseries based on the corresponding scholar/collector names, which have been arranged in alphabetical order by last name.","Series X of the William Faulkner collection includes typescripts and ephemera from adaptations of William Faulkner works for theatre, film, and television. Materials within Series X are arranged in chronological order."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains some in-copyright material. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePermissions and Publishing Page:\nhttps://www.library.virginia.edu/special-collections/services/publishing\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePlease note that W.W. Norton holds copyright to all of Faulkner's published works.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIf you would like to publish images in print or online of original manuscript materials from our collection that pertain to these published works, including holograph drafts and typescripts, please contact: \nPenguin Random House LLC\nRandom House Publishing Group\n1745 Broadway\nNew York, NY 10019\nAttention: Permissions Department\nPhone: 212-782-9000\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFor permission to quote from or publish images in print or online of any of Faulkner's unpublished works or correspondence, please contact:\nW.W. Norton \u0026amp; Company, Inc.\nAttention: Permissions Department\n500 5th Avenue\nNew York, NY 10110\nPhone: 212-354-5500\nEmail: permissions@wwnorton.com\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFor permission to use copyrighted Faulkner materials in any way than listed above, please contact:\nFaulkner Literary Rights, LLC\nP.O. Box 1408\nCharlottesville, VA 22902\nPhone: 434-296-2156\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePhotocopies of correspondence between Andrew Brown and T.F. Hickerson regarding \"William Faulkner: Man of Legends\" came from original copies housed at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and are not to be quoted in print without their permission. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotocopies of correspondence between Andrew Brown and T.F. Hickerson regarding \"William Faulkner: Man of Legends\" came from original copies housed at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and are not to be quoted in print without their permission.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBecause of the assembled nature of these photographs, copyright status varies across the series. Reproduction rights for photographs marked \"for reference use only\" are not owned by the University of Virginia. Copyright is assumed to be held by the original creator of individual items in the series; the University of Virginia is not authorized to grant permission to publish or reproduce these items. Researchers are responsible for securing permission to publish or reproduce photographs from the rights holders.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["This collection contains some in-copyright material. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials.  ","Permissions and Publishing Page:\nhttps://www.library.virginia.edu/special-collections/services/publishing","Please note that W.W. Norton holds copyright to all of Faulkner's published works.","If you would like to publish images in print or online of original manuscript materials from our collection that pertain to these published works, including holograph drafts and typescripts, please contact: \nPenguin Random House LLC\nRandom House Publishing Group\n1745 Broadway\nNew York, NY 10019\nAttention: Permissions Department\nPhone: 212-782-9000","For permission to quote from or publish images in print or online of any of Faulkner's unpublished works or correspondence, please contact:\nW.W. Norton \u0026 Company, Inc.\nAttention: Permissions Department\n500 5th Avenue\nNew York, NY 10110\nPhone: 212-354-5500\nEmail: permissions@wwnorton.com","For permission to use copyrighted Faulkner materials in any way than listed above, please contact:\nFaulkner Literary Rights, LLC\nP.O. Box 1408\nCharlottesville, VA 22902\nPhone: 434-296-2156","Photocopies of correspondence between Andrew Brown and T.F. Hickerson regarding \"William Faulkner: Man of Legends\" came from original copies housed at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and are not to be quoted in print without their permission. ","Photocopies of correspondence between Andrew Brown and T.F. Hickerson regarding \"William Faulkner: Man of Legends\" came from original copies housed at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and are not to be quoted in print without their permission.","Because of the assembled nature of these photographs, copyright status varies across the series. Reproduction rights for photographs marked \"for reference use only\" are not owned by the University of Virginia. Copyright is assumed to be held by the original creator of individual items in the series; the University of Virginia is not authorized to grant permission to publish or reproduce these items. Researchers are responsible for securing permission to publish or reproduce photographs from the rights holders."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Faulkner, William, 1897-1962"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"persname_ssim":["Faulkner, William, 1897-1962"],"language_ssim":["Materials primarily in English, with some publications in French and German."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":3366,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-06T07:07:28.695Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1675_c05_c01_c24"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5374_c2580","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"1st Jail (prints; photos of Hinton's first jail building)","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5374_c2580#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5374_c2580","ref_ssm":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5374_c2580"],"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5374_c2580","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5374","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5374","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5374","parent_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5374","parent_ssim":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5374"],"parent_ids_ssim":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5374"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Long/Trail Southeastern West Virginia Historical Records"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Long/Trail Southeastern West Virginia Historical Records"],"text":["Long/Trail Southeastern West Virginia Historical Records","1st Jail (prints; photos of Hinton's first jail building)","Box 89","Folder 4"],"title_filing_ssi":"1st Jail (prints; photos of Hinton's first jail building)","title_ssm":["1st Jail (prints; photos of Hinton's first jail building)"],"title_tesim":["1st Jail (prints; photos of Hinton's first jail building)"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["ca. 1900, 1972"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1900/1972"],"normalized_title_ssm":["1st Jail (prints; photos of Hinton's first jail building)"],"component_level_isim":[1],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"collection_ssim":["Long/Trail Southeastern West Virginia Historical Records"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":2580,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["No special access restriction applies.","Researchers may access digitized and born digital materials by visiting the link attached to each item or by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc. "],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"date_range_isim":[1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972],"containers_ssim":["Box 89","Folder 4"],"_nest_path_":"/components#2579","timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:42:57.896Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5374","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5374","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5374","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5374","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_5374.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/204651","title_ssm":["Long/Trail Southeastern West Virginia Historical Records"],"title_tesim":["Long/Trail Southeastern West Virginia Historical Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1870-2020s and undated"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1870-2020s and undated"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 3762","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5374"],"text":["A\u0026M 3762","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5374","Long/Trail Southeastern West Virginia Historical Records","Avis (W. Va.)","Fayette County (W. Va.)","Green Sulphur Springs (W. Va.)","Greenbrier County (W. Va.)","Hinton (W. Va.)","Mercer County (W. Va.)","Monroe County (W. Va.)","New River Gorge (W. Va.)","New River (N.C.-W. Va.)","Pence Springs (W. Va.)","Raleigh County (W. Va.)","Sandstone (W. Va.)","Summers County (W. Va.)","Talcott (W. Va.)","Genealogies.","Schools","No special access restriction applies.","Researchers may access digitized and born digital materials by visiting the link attached to each item or by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc. ","Records and photographs documenting the history of southeastern West Virginia compiled by Summers County residents Fred Long and Stephen Trail. Many of the items were collected by a local newspaper, the  Hinton Daily News  (later the  Hinton News ). The collection focuses on the history of Summers County and Hinton from the mid-1700s to 2012, as well as the history of other areas in southeastern Virginia and western Virginia. Subjects include the town of Hinton, Hinton High School and Summers County schools, genealogy and family history, the Chesapeake and Ohio (C\u0026O) Railroad, archaeological and geographical features, other Summers County communities, wars, and other topics. Materials include a large quantity of photographs and negatives along with clippings, printed materials, ephemera, oral histories, maps, motion pictures, sound recordings, typescripts, manuscripts, and other types of materials. Many items are facsimiles of photos, documents, and newspapers.","Records about Hinton include photos and documents related to businesses and buildings. Highlights includes documentation for the Hinton National Historic District nomination; photos, game programs, and other records related to Hinton High School and its sports teams, including football and basketball; and photos, clippings, and ephemera regarding the West Virginia Water Festival, including pageant contestants and winners.","Genealogy and family history materials include genealogy charts, narrative histories, oral histories, and photographs (historic and more recent) of families of southeastern West Virginia.","Chesapeake and Ohio (C\u0026O) Railroad materials document activities of the company primarily in Hinton and Summers County, but includes other regions as well. Materials include photographs, clippings, and other documents about trains, railroads, tunnels, and construction. Highlights include historical photographs of railroad buildings, engines, and company employees.","Geographical features are documented by photographs and other material related to the construction of Bluestone Dam, and to the history of the New River, New River Gorge National Park, and other area rivers such as the Greenbrier. There are also records related to bridges and bridge construction, as well as numerous archaeological records, including surveys, maps, and reports.","Summers County communities, including Avis, Greenbrier, Green Sulphur Springs, Pence Springs, Sandstone, and Talcott, are documented by photographs, maps, and other material. Schools and churches in these communities are documented by photographs, school newspapers, bulletins, and other records.","War-related material includes photographs, clippings, and other documents. Highlights include photos of Civil War veterans at reunions, and photos and clippings related to World War I and World War II, including parades and the transportation of troops on the C\u0026O Railroad.\n \nNote on Terminology in the Contents List:","Photographs are referred to as \"photos\", \"prints\", or the specific photo type (tintype, carte de visite [CDV], cabinet card, or mounted photo). Photographs can also be found, of course, through the term \"negatives\"; many negatives do not have corresponding prints.","For genealogical information, search for a specific family name, or more generally, search for the terms \"genealogy\" or \"family history\". Photographs or negatives of \"family members\" identify groups of photographs of numerous individuals who share the same last name (or related name).","The Chesapeake and Ohio (C\u0026O) Railroad can be both spelled out fully or abbreviated C\u0026O.","Clippings may also be noted as articles or newspapers.","Addendum of 2018/02/27 is located in box 110 through box 116. It includes material relating to Stephen D. Trail's personal career, the history of the Trail family, and the history of Summers County, W. Va. Types of records include photographs, newsletters, correspondence, publications, and other material.","\nAddendum of 2018/05/31 comprises box 117 through box 128.  This material was compiled by Fred Long, who worked at the Hinton Daily News. It includes records relating to Hinton, W. Va., Pence Springs resort and prison, and other subjects related to Greenbrier and Summers counties. Much of this material is foldered by topic; many of these topical folders contain clippings from the Hinton Daily News, as well as related material, such as photographs, publications, and correspondence, etc.","Addendum of 2018/07/03 comprises box 129 through box 131. This addendum includes materials relating to Stephen Trail's life and career, material relating to Summers County History, several issues of the Proceedings of the New River Symposium, bound transcriptions of the Summers County 1880 census and marriage records from 1871-1883, and two books: Greenbrier Pioneers and Their Homes by Ruth Woods Dayton, and A History of Greenbrier County by Otis K. Rice.","Addendum of 2024 September 18 (box 129, folder 36) includes a folder of assorted publications and printed ephemera regarding tourism in southeastern West Virginia and two county historical societies.","Addendum of 2024 December 03 (box 132) includes prints of photographs taken by Philip Bagdon, photocopies of mounted photographs, and assorted printed ephemera regarding Summers County, WV, and other locations in the south West Virginia.","Addendum of 2025 February 10 (box 132) includes the Lower Greenbrier River Byway, Lowell Backway and Wolf Creek Backway Draft Corridor Management Plan and Alderson \"French the Friendly Lion\" and Riverwise Labyrinth pamphlets.","Addendum of 2025 September 19 (box 132) includes assorted periodicals and other ephemera regarding Monroe County, WV, and other areas in southern West Virginia.","Hinton News, The Register-Herald, The Post-Report, The Monroe Watchman","\"People, Places, and Things\" column and article on Pipestem public water system.","Several issues of column entitled \"Anecdotes in Summers County,\" mostly discussing Hinton in the late 19th century.","Includes photocopy of book by Lively entitled \"Historical Summers County.\" Also includes clippings and drafts of articles relating to Summers County history.","One page article by Stephen Trail.","Includes two articles: \"The Battle at Rich Mountain\" by Kenneth L. Carvell, and \"The Kanawha Rebel Victory\" by Terry Lowry.","Includes articles on Civil War letters by Jeff Gammage and Fred Long, as well as four transcpritions of Civil War soldier letters copied by Fred Long.","Includes articles from several newspapers, including the Hinton Daily News, and magazines pertaining to Elvis, specifically his death and continuing legacy.","Includes one article entitled \"A History of Monroe County West Virginia\" by Oren F. Morton discussing the construction of Cook's Fort.","Two articles from the Hinton Daily News and one article in Wonderful West Virginia (August 1975).","Includes an article on the genealogy of the Keeney family, a photocopied map of western Virginia, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and North Carolina from 1778, and a list of names taken from the Blaken Mill Road Cemetery in Alderson.","Includes entry from \"West Virginians in the Revolution\" on John and Peter Van Bibber, information on Samuel Gwinn, one page of notes from \"Pioneers and their Homes on Upper Kanawha,\" and two selections from the \"West Virginia Heritage Encyclopedia.\"","Photocopy of article by Roy Bird Cook entitled \"Virginia Frontier Defenses, 1719-1795\" publixhed in the West Virginia Blue Book, 1936.","Includes a pamphlet for \"Hatfields and MacCoys\" outdoor drama, a booklet titled \"The True Facts About the Famous Hatfield-McCoy Feud,\" and a newspaper clipping featuring a photo of a statue of Devil Anse Hatfield.","Two-page advertisement for the Hinton Daily News, including history of the paper, distribution information, and a list of distributors.","Includes copies of photographs and newspaper clippings about the school from its founding in 1896 onward. Articles report school's founding, fire at the school, and changes in superintendent, among other topics. Also includes 1970 student handbook and board meeting minutes.","Includes copies of photographs and newspaper clippings about the school from its founding in 1896 onward. Articles report school's founding, fire at the school, and changes in superintendent, among other topics. Also includes issues of the Dart, board meeting minutes, a list of the numbers of white, female students per school year (1880-1910), and a copy of the original deed for the school.","Includes photographs and newspaper clippings relating to Hinton High School.","Includes articles on the Hinton National Historic District, a booklet entitled \"Historic Hinton: Ready for the Future,\" and a folder of materials labeled \"Scenic Summers County in souther West Virginia.\"","Includes photocopies of photographs used as part of the Hinton Historic District Survey in 1983.","Includes mostly columns relating Hinton history. Also includes stories on the flood of 1940, John Henry, a train wreck in 1976, and other topics.","Includes three articles from the \"West Virginia Heritage Encyclopedia\" and an unidentified book on Pocahontas County discussing early Native American trails and trade networks.","Includes two articles (one by Fred Long) about \"Mad Anne\" Bailey, a woman soldier and Indian fighter during Lord Dunmore's War and the American War for Independence in Western Virginia.","Includes: Gray's New Map of Hinton (1876, reprint); map of summers county (1933, reprint); Washington's Cahin of Forts (undated, copied from a book); Archaeological Survey of New River Bluestone Reservoir (undated); Botetourt County, Virginia (1778, reprint); \"The Springs of Virginia and the Routes leading thereto\" (undated, reprint); Map of Hill Crest Cemetery (undated); Map of Section One of East Hill Cemetery (undated).","Includes: General Highway Map Augusta County (1973); Augusta County Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (1963); Map of the Giles, Fayette and Kanawha Turnpike (1840, reprint); Map of Greenbrier County, W. Va. (1887, reprint); West Virginia Official Highway Map (ca. 1980); Map of Alleghany County Virginia (undated, reprint); Map of Augusta County Virginia (1886, reprint); \"The Theatre of War in North America, with the Roads and a Table of the Distances\" (1776, reprint); The Town of Staunton (1749, reprint); Augusta County (1777, reprint); Welcome to Lewisburg (ca. 1975); Lewisburg, W. Va. Historic Walking Tour (undated); Staunton Virginia (ca. 1960); Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia (1978); Carte de la Virginie et du Maryland (1755, reprint).","Includes notes on the First Christian Church of Hinton, black and white engravings of Hinton scenes, two historic West Virginia postcards, and an article on a large rock carved in 1814 in Beckley, W. Va., among other items.","Includes articles of incorporation and bylaws for The Pipestem Foundation, Inc., a map and brochure for the park, a newspaper article about the Old Time Mountain Music Festival, and a pamphlet by Earl L. Core discussing the history of the pipestem name and plant.","Includes a letter and photocopies of historical material sent to Fred Long relating to W.F. Echols, a C\u0026O railroad conductor in Huntington during the early 1900s.","Includes one photocopy of \"A Brief History of the Red Sulphur Springs, Monroe County, West Virginia, 1987\" by John W. Dumont.","Includes one copy of an official report addressing a train collision that occurred near Vaughn, Mississippi on April 30, 1900 involving Engineer J.L. (Casey) Jones. This incident later became a folk legend and was the subject of a popular ballad.","Subjects of photos include Hinton High School, John Henry statue, aerial images of Hinton and surrounding areas, unidentified construction photos, First National Bank, Bluestone Dam, Chessie Steam Special, a Hinton parade, the Bluestone Conference Center, Aunt Jane Williams, Low Gap Methodist Church, and a turn-of-the-century a group of men playing pool, among other subjects. Many of the photos are not identified or dated. Some are reprints.","Subjects of photos include Bluestone Dam, the James Graham House, Coney Island (Hinton), Bank of Alderson, Fred Long and wife, Cooper's Mill, and two turn-of-the-century school group photos.","Subjects of photos include Summers County Court House, City of Hinton Fire Department, the James Graham House, Swift and Company, James T. McCreery, the Hinton Hospital, New River, Roses Drug Store (Hinton), Green Sulphur Springs, Confederate monument, Hotel McCreery, Hill Top Cemetery, and Greenbrier School, among other subjects. All photos are reprints and many are unidentified.","One photo of Margaret C. Pennington, mother of Cynthia Pennington, at the Pearl Trail farm in Judson.","Includes six VHS tapes: \nTV News \nTree Work City \nHinton Streetscape \nSteve Trail, TV News, BOE Meeting \nTV News \nReed Ceremony, Nov. 27, '85; Street Lighting Ceremony, Nov. 21, '86","Documents regarding economic development program for Hinton.","Election campaign letter.","Letter regarding loan of two photographs.","Includes a business card and a thank you note for materials loaned by Trail.","List of photos.","One letter from Stephen Trail to Robert Maslowski, US Army Corps of Engineers.","Material regarding 2016 Democratic Convention in Philadelphia; includes membership card, delegate ticket, etc.","Assorted publications and printed ephemera regarding tourism in southeastern West Virginia and two county historical societies.","Assorted periodicals and other ephemera regarding Monroe County, WV, and other areas in southern West Virginia.","Separated to the dvd / vhs / betacam collection:","  DVD and betacam copies of motion picture documentary of Hinton, West Virginia. Created in 1963 by the Area Redevelopment Agency of the U.S. government, it aimed to promote economic development in Hinton after the fading of the economy based upon steam railroads. (See items numbered 125 and 126 in the collection.)","  Separated to the book collection; forwarded to Curator of Books:","  Bragg, Melody.  Thurmond and Ghost Towns of the New River Gorge . Glen Jean, West Virginia: Gem Publications, ca. 1995.","  Daly, Dorothy.  The Dart, 1926, Volume VII . Hinton, West Virginia: Senior Class of Hinton High School, 1926.","Directory of Hinton, West Virginia . 1927.","  Enoch, Harry G.  Affair at Captina Creek . Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 1999.","  Foster, Elizabeth Carroll.  Virginia Carrolls and Their Neighbors 1618-1800s . Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 1999.","  Glen Jean Historical Society.  Dunloop Days: Glen Jean to Thurmond: Exciting Times and Precious Memories . Glen Jean, West Virginia: Glen Jean Historical Society, ca. 1989.","  Grafton, Emily.  West Virginia Adventure Guide to the Natural History of Blackwater Falls State Park . Terra Alta, West Virginia: Headline Books, 2002.","  Harsh, Sharon Wilmoth.  School Board Minutes, Enumeration Lists and Account Records, Barbour County, West Virginia: Township of Barker, 1870-1890; Independent District of Bellington, 1893-1899 . Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 2000.","  Hatcher, Charles Silas.  Historical Genealogy of the Basham, Ellison, Hatcher, Lilly, Meadows, Pack, Walker, and Other Families . Princeton, West Virginia: Jake Forest Hatcher, 1980.","History of the Great Kanawha Valley, Volume I . Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 2000.","  Keller, Barbara, editor.  Summers County, West Virginia, Historical Society: Cemetery Book . Beckley, West Virginia: BJW Printing, 1996.","  Keller, Robert, editor.  Senior \"34\" . Hinton, West Virginia: Senior Class, Hinton High School, 1934.","  Kirk, Bert A., Harold Neely, and the Hinton Junior Chamber of Commerce, editors.  Hinton City Directory . White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia: Sentinel Publishers, 1939.","  Lilly, Jack.  Historical Genealogy of the Lilly Family . Canton, Ohio: Jack Lilly, 1977.","  Lilly, Jack.  Lilly Family History, 1566-1997 . Canton, Ohio: Jack Lilly, 1997.","  Lilly, Jack.  Our Heritage: The Lilly Family, Vol. II . Canton, Ohio: Jack Lilly, 1978.","  Long, Fred and Steve Trail.  Historic Pence Springs Resort . 1987.","  Marockie, Henry R.  School Laws of West Virginia: 1989 Edition . Charlottesville: The Michie Company, 1990.","  McBride, W. Stephen, Kim Arbogast McBride, and Greg Adamson.  Frontier Forts in West Virginia: Historical and Archaeological Explorations . Edited by Lora A. Lamarre and Joanna L. Wilson. Charleston, West Virginia: West Virginia Division of Culture and History, 2003.","  McKey, JoAnn Riley.  Accomack County, Virginia: Court Order Abstracts; 1682-1690, Volume 7 . Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 1998.","  McKey, JoAnn Riley.  Accomack County, Virginia: Court Order Abstracts; 1690-1697, Volume 8 . Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 1999.","  McKey, JoAnn Riley.  Accomack County, Virginia: Court Order Abstracts; 1703-1710, Volume 10 . Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 2000.","  McNeer, Sally Withrow.  Echoes of Summers . Undated.","  Miller, Hurley.  Once in a Lifetime . Raleigh: Pentland Press, 2000.","  Myers, Tom E.  Moccasin Trails of the French and Indian War: The Eastern Frontier War 1743-1758 . Parsons, West Virginia: McClain Printing Company, 1995.","  Pemberton, Robert L.  A History of Pleasants County, West Virginia . Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 1999.","  Peters, Okey Erwin, compiler.  Conrad Peters and Wife Clara Snidow . Paducah, Kentucky: Paducah Printing Co., 1954.","  Roles, Joe B.  Mary Janes's War: A Civil War Novel Based on a True Story . Annandale, Virginia: Joe B. Roles, 2002.","  Scott, Eugene.  Thurmond: Dodge City of West Virginia: Believe It or Not City . Beckley, West Virginia: Eugene Scott, undated.","  Senior Class of Hinton High School.  The Senior Handbook; 1935 . Hinton, West Virginia: Senior Class, Hinton High School, 1935.","  Shuff, Murray.  Stone Cliff, West Virginia: \"Life Along New River\", 1930-1938 . Beckley, West Virginia: Central Printing Company, 1984.","  Small, Sally, Louis Torres, Larry J. Reynolds, United States. National Park Service. Denver Service Center.  Thurmond Commercial Buildings: New River Gorge, National River, West Virginia . Denver, Colorado: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, National Park Service, Denver Service Center, 1992.","  Stewart, Kathleen.  A Space on the Side of the Road: Cultural Poetics in an \"Other\" America . Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996.","  Sullivan, Ken.  Thurmond: A New River Community . Oak Hill, West Virginia: Eastern National Park and Monument Association, ca. 1989.","  Taylor, Sharon.  The Amazing Story of the Gwinns in America . Washington, D.C.: Halbert's, 1982.","  Trail, Stephen D. and Vandalia Consultants, Inc.  Bluestone Dam 50th Anniversary Commemorative Album 1949-1999 . Hinton, West Virginia: Fox Photographics, 1999.","  United States. National Park Service.  Denver Service Center. Development Concept Plan / Interpretive Prospectus: Thurmond, New River Gorge National River, West Virginia . Denver, Colorado: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, National Park Service, Denver Service Center, 1992.","  United States. National Park Service.  Land Protection Plan: New River Gorge . Denver, Colorado: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, National Park Service, Mid-Atlantic Region, 1984.","  Wardell, Patrick G., compiler.  Virginians and West Virginians, 1607-1870, Volume 1 . Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 1986.","  Wilson, Goodridge.  Smyth County History and Traditions . Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 1998.","  Separated to closed collections:","  Baseball card of Jack Warhop, originally in box 79, folder 15.","Hinton High School Year Books, titled \"The Dart\", were separated to the book collection at the History Center.  Includes years 1924, 1925 (2 copies), 1936, 1940, 1954, 1955 (2 copies), 1956, 1957, and 1959.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Records and photographs documenting the history of southeastern West Virginia compiled by Summers County residents Fred Long and Stephen Trail. Many of the items were collected by a local newspaper, the  Hinton Daily News  (later the  Hinton News ). The collection focuses on the history of Summers County and Hinton from the mid-1700s to 2012, as well as the history of other areas in southeastern Virginia and western Virginia. Subjects include the town of Hinton, Hinton High School and Summers County schools, genealogy and family history, the Chesapeake and Ohio (C\u0026O) Railroad, archaeological and geographical features, other Summers County communities, wars, and other topics. Materials include a large quantity of photographs and negatives along with clippings, printed materials, ephemera, oral histories, maps, motion pictures, sound recordings, typescripts, manuscripts, and other types of materials. Many items are facsimiles of photos, documents, and newspapers.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad Company","Long, Frederick","Trail, Stephen D.","Bagdon, Philip V.","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 3762","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5374"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Long/Trail Southeastern West Virginia Historical Records"],"collection_title_tesim":["Long/Trail Southeastern West Virginia Historical Records"],"collection_ssim":["Long/Trail Southeastern West Virginia Historical Records"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Avis (W. Va.)","Fayette County (W. Va.)","Green Sulphur Springs (W. Va.)","Greenbrier County (W. Va.)","Hinton (W. Va.)","Mercer County (W. Va.)","Monroe County (W. Va.)","New River Gorge (W. Va.)","New River (N.C.-W. Va.)","Pence Springs (W. Va.)","Raleigh County (W. Va.)","Sandstone (W. Va.)","Summers County (W. Va.)","Talcott (W. Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Avis (W. Va.)","Fayette County (W. Va.)","Green Sulphur Springs (W. Va.)","Greenbrier County (W. Va.)","Hinton (W. Va.)","Mercer County (W. Va.)","Monroe County (W. Va.)","New River Gorge (W. Va.)","New River (N.C.-W. Va.)","Pence Springs (W. Va.)","Raleigh County (W. Va.)","Sandstone (W. Va.)","Summers County (W. Va.)","Talcott (W. Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Long, Frederick","Trail, Stephen D.","Bagdon, Philip V."],"creator_ssim":["Long, Frederick","Trail, Stephen D.","Bagdon, Philip V."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Long, Frederick","Trail, Stephen D.","Bagdon, Philip V."],"creators_ssim":["Long, Frederick","Trail, Stephen D.","Bagdon, Philip V."],"places_ssim":["Avis (W. Va.)","Fayette County (W. Va.)","Green Sulphur Springs (W. Va.)","Greenbrier County (W. Va.)","Hinton (W. Va.)","Mercer County (W. Va.)","Monroe County (W. Va.)","New River Gorge (W. Va.)","New River (N.C.-W. Va.)","Pence Springs (W. Va.)","Raleigh County (W. Va.)","Sandstone (W. Va.)","Summers County (W. Va.)","Talcott (W. Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Genealogies.","Schools"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Genealogies.","Schools"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["117.02 Linear Feet 29 document case, 5 in. each; 20 document cases, 2.5 in. each; 78 record cartons, 15 in. each; 3 small flat storage boxes, 1.5 in. each; 1 small flat storage box, 3 in.; 4 large flat storage boxes, 1.5 in. each; 4 large flat storage boxes, 3 in. each; 1 card file box, 4.5 in.; 1 square roll tube, 3 in.; 1 square roll tube, 4 in.; 1 oversize folder, 2 in.; 1 framed item, 0.25 in.; 1 oversize photograph","38.2 Gigabytes 14,700 files, formats primarily include .tif, .jpg, .doc"],"extent_tesim":["117.02 Linear Feet 29 document case, 5 in. each; 20 document cases, 2.5 in. each; 78 record cartons, 15 in. each; 3 small flat storage boxes, 1.5 in. each; 1 small flat storage box, 3 in.; 4 large flat storage boxes, 1.5 in. each; 4 large flat storage boxes, 3 in. each; 1 card file box, 4.5 in.; 1 square roll tube, 3 in.; 1 square roll tube, 4 in.; 1 oversize folder, 2 in.; 1 framed item, 0.25 in.; 1 oversize photograph","38.2 Gigabytes 14,700 files, formats primarily include .tif, .jpg, .doc"],"date_range_isim":[1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,2024,2025],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may access digitized and born digital materials by visiting the link attached to each item or by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc. \u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies.","Researchers may access digitized and born digital materials by visiting the link attached to each item or by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc. "],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Long/Trail Southeastern West Virginia Historical Records, A\u0026amp;M 3762, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Long/Trail Southeastern West Virginia Historical Records, A\u0026M 3762, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRecords and photographs documenting the history of southeastern West Virginia compiled by Summers County residents Fred Long and Stephen Trail. Many of the items were collected by a local newspaper, the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHinton Daily News\u003c/emph\u003e (later the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHinton News\u003c/emph\u003e). The collection focuses on the history of Summers County and Hinton from the mid-1700s to 2012, as well as the history of other areas in southeastern Virginia and western Virginia. Subjects include the town of Hinton, Hinton High School and Summers County schools, genealogy and family history, the Chesapeake and Ohio (C\u0026amp;O) Railroad, archaeological and geographical features, other Summers County communities, wars, and other topics. Materials include a large quantity of photographs and negatives along with clippings, printed materials, ephemera, oral histories, maps, motion pictures, sound recordings, typescripts, manuscripts, and other types of materials. Many items are facsimiles of photos, documents, and newspapers.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRecords about Hinton include photos and documents related to businesses and buildings. Highlights includes documentation for the Hinton National Historic District nomination; photos, game programs, and other records related to Hinton High School and its sports teams, including football and basketball; and photos, clippings, and ephemera regarding the West Virginia Water Festival, including pageant contestants and winners.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGenealogy and family history materials include genealogy charts, narrative histories, oral histories, and photographs (historic and more recent) of families of southeastern West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eChesapeake and Ohio (C\u0026amp;O) Railroad materials document activities of the company primarily in Hinton and Summers County, but includes other regions as well. Materials include photographs, clippings, and other documents about trains, railroads, tunnels, and construction. Highlights include historical photographs of railroad buildings, engines, and company employees.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeographical features are documented by photographs and other material related to the construction of Bluestone Dam, and to the history of the New River, New River Gorge National Park, and other area rivers such as the Greenbrier. There are also records related to bridges and bridge construction, as well as numerous archaeological records, including surveys, maps, and reports.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSummers County communities, including Avis, Greenbrier, Green Sulphur Springs, Pence Springs, Sandstone, and Talcott, are documented by photographs, maps, and other material. Schools and churches in these communities are documented by photographs, school newspapers, bulletins, and other records.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWar-related material includes photographs, clippings, and other documents. Highlights include photos of Civil War veterans at reunions, and photos and clippings related to World War I and World War II, including parades and the transportation of troops on the C\u0026amp;O Railroad.\n \nNote on Terminology in the Contents List:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs are referred to as \"photos\", \"prints\", or the specific photo type (tintype, carte de visite [CDV], cabinet card, or mounted photo). Photographs can also be found, of course, through the term \"negatives\"; many negatives do not have corresponding prints.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFor genealogical information, search for a specific family name, or more generally, search for the terms \"genealogy\" or \"family history\". Photographs or negatives of \"family members\" identify groups of photographs of numerous individuals who share the same last name (or related name).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Chesapeake and Ohio (C\u0026amp;O) Railroad can be both spelled out fully or abbreviated C\u0026amp;O.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClippings may also be noted as articles or newspapers.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAddendum of 2018/02/27 is located in box 110 through box 116. It includes material relating to Stephen D. Trail's personal career, the history of the Trail family, and the history of Summers County, W. Va. Types of records include photographs, newsletters, correspondence, publications, and other material.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nAddendum of 2018/05/31 comprises box 117 through box 128.  This material was compiled by Fred Long, who worked at the Hinton Daily News. It includes records relating to Hinton, W. Va., Pence Springs resort and prison, and other subjects related to Greenbrier and Summers counties. Much of this material is foldered by topic; many of these topical folders contain clippings from the Hinton Daily News, as well as related material, such as photographs, publications, and correspondence, etc.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAddendum of 2018/07/03 comprises box 129 through box 131. This addendum includes materials relating to Stephen Trail's life and career, material relating to Summers County History, several issues of the Proceedings of the New River Symposium, bound transcriptions of the Summers County 1880 census and marriage records from 1871-1883, and two books: Greenbrier Pioneers and Their Homes by Ruth Woods Dayton, and A History of Greenbrier County by Otis K. Rice.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAddendum of 2024 September 18 (box 129, folder 36) includes a folder of assorted publications and printed ephemera regarding tourism in southeastern West Virginia and two county historical societies.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAddendum of 2024 December 03 (box 132) includes prints of photographs taken by Philip Bagdon, photocopies of mounted photographs, and assorted printed ephemera regarding Summers County, WV, and other locations in the south West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAddendum of 2025 February 10 (box 132) includes the Lower Greenbrier River Byway, Lowell Backway and Wolf Creek Backway Draft Corridor Management Plan and Alderson \"French the Friendly Lion\" and Riverwise Labyrinth pamphlets.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAddendum of 2025 September 19 (box 132) includes assorted periodicals and other ephemera regarding Monroe County, WV, and other areas in southern West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHinton News, The Register-Herald, The Post-Report, The Monroe Watchman\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"People, Places, and Things\" column and article on Pipestem public water system.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeveral issues of column entitled \"Anecdotes in Summers County,\" mostly discussing Hinton in the late 19th century.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes photocopy of book by Lively entitled \"Historical Summers County.\" Also includes clippings and drafts of articles relating to Summers County history.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOne page article by Stephen Trail.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes two articles: \"The Battle at Rich Mountain\" by Kenneth L. Carvell, and \"The Kanawha Rebel Victory\" by Terry Lowry.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes articles on Civil War letters by Jeff Gammage and Fred Long, as well as four transcpritions of Civil War soldier letters copied by Fred Long.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes articles from several newspapers, including the Hinton Daily News, and magazines pertaining to Elvis, specifically his death and continuing legacy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes one article entitled \"A History of Monroe County West Virginia\" by Oren F. Morton discussing the construction of Cook's Fort.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo articles from the Hinton Daily News and one article in Wonderful West Virginia (August 1975).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes an article on the genealogy of the Keeney family, a photocopied map of western Virginia, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and North Carolina from 1778, and a list of names taken from the Blaken Mill Road Cemetery in Alderson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes entry from \"West Virginians in the Revolution\" on John and Peter Van Bibber, information on Samuel Gwinn, one page of notes from \"Pioneers and their Homes on Upper Kanawha,\" and two selections from the \"West Virginia Heritage Encyclopedia.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotocopy of article by Roy Bird Cook entitled \"Virginia Frontier Defenses, 1719-1795\" publixhed in the West Virginia Blue Book, 1936.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a pamphlet for \"Hatfields and MacCoys\" outdoor drama, a booklet titled \"The True Facts About the Famous Hatfield-McCoy Feud,\" and a newspaper clipping featuring a photo of a statue of Devil Anse Hatfield.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo-page advertisement for the Hinton Daily News, including history of the paper, distribution information, and a list of distributors.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes copies of photographs and newspaper clippings about the school from its founding in 1896 onward. Articles report school's founding, fire at the school, and changes in superintendent, among other topics. Also includes 1970 student handbook and board meeting minutes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes copies of photographs and newspaper clippings about the school from its founding in 1896 onward. Articles report school's founding, fire at the school, and changes in superintendent, among other topics. Also includes issues of the Dart, board meeting minutes, a list of the numbers of white, female students per school year (1880-1910), and a copy of the original deed for the school.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes photographs and newspaper clippings relating to Hinton High School.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes articles on the Hinton National Historic District, a booklet entitled \"Historic Hinton: Ready for the Future,\" and a folder of materials labeled \"Scenic Summers County in souther West Virginia.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes photocopies of photographs used as part of the Hinton Historic District Survey in 1983.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes mostly columns relating Hinton history. Also includes stories on the flood of 1940, John Henry, a train wreck in 1976, and other topics.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes three articles from the \"West Virginia Heritage Encyclopedia\" and an unidentified book on Pocahontas County discussing early Native American trails and trade networks.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes two articles (one by Fred Long) about \"Mad Anne\" Bailey, a woman soldier and Indian fighter during Lord Dunmore's War and the American War for Independence in Western Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes: Gray's New Map of Hinton (1876, reprint); map of summers county (1933, reprint); Washington's Cahin of Forts (undated, copied from a book); Archaeological Survey of New River Bluestone Reservoir (undated); Botetourt County, Virginia (1778, reprint); \"The Springs of Virginia and the Routes leading thereto\" (undated, reprint); Map of Hill Crest Cemetery (undated); Map of Section One of East Hill Cemetery (undated).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes: General Highway Map Augusta County (1973); Augusta County Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (1963); Map of the Giles, Fayette and Kanawha Turnpike (1840, reprint); Map of Greenbrier County, W. Va. (1887, reprint); West Virginia Official Highway Map (ca. 1980); Map of Alleghany County Virginia (undated, reprint); Map of Augusta County Virginia (1886, reprint); \"The Theatre of War in North America, with the Roads and a Table of the Distances\" (1776, reprint); The Town of Staunton (1749, reprint); Augusta County (1777, reprint); Welcome to Lewisburg (ca. 1975); Lewisburg, W. Va. Historic Walking Tour (undated); Staunton Virginia (ca. 1960); Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia (1978); Carte de la Virginie et du Maryland (1755, reprint).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes notes on the First Christian Church of Hinton, black and white engravings of Hinton scenes, two historic West Virginia postcards, and an article on a large rock carved in 1814 in Beckley, W. Va., among other items.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes articles of incorporation and bylaws for The Pipestem Foundation, Inc., a map and brochure for the park, a newspaper article about the Old Time Mountain Music Festival, and a pamphlet by Earl L. Core discussing the history of the pipestem name and plant.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a letter and photocopies of historical material sent to Fred Long relating to W.F. Echols, a C\u0026amp;O railroad conductor in Huntington during the early 1900s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes one photocopy of \"A Brief History of the Red Sulphur Springs, Monroe County, West Virginia, 1987\" by John W. Dumont.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes one copy of an official report addressing a train collision that occurred near Vaughn, Mississippi on April 30, 1900 involving Engineer J.L. (Casey) Jones. This incident later became a folk legend and was the subject of a popular ballad.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubjects of photos include Hinton High School, John Henry statue, aerial images of Hinton and surrounding areas, unidentified construction photos, First National Bank, Bluestone Dam, Chessie Steam Special, a Hinton parade, the Bluestone Conference Center, Aunt Jane Williams, Low Gap Methodist Church, and a turn-of-the-century a group of men playing pool, among other subjects. Many of the photos are not identified or dated. Some are reprints.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubjects of photos include Bluestone Dam, the James Graham House, Coney Island (Hinton), Bank of Alderson, Fred Long and wife, Cooper's Mill, and two turn-of-the-century school group photos.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubjects of photos include Summers County Court House, City of Hinton Fire Department, the James Graham House, Swift and Company, James T. McCreery, the Hinton Hospital, New River, Roses Drug Store (Hinton), Green Sulphur Springs, Confederate monument, Hotel McCreery, Hill Top Cemetery, and Greenbrier School, among other subjects. All photos are reprints and many are unidentified.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOne photo of Margaret C. Pennington, mother of Cynthia Pennington, at the Pearl Trail farm in Judson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes six VHS tapes:\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nTV News\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nTree Work City\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nHinton Streetscape\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSteve Trail, TV News, BOE Meeting\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nTV News\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nReed Ceremony, Nov. 27, '85; Street Lighting Ceremony, Nov. 21, '86\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDocuments regarding economic development program for Hinton.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eElection campaign letter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regarding loan of two photographs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a business card and a thank you note for materials loaned by Trail.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eList of photos.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOne letter from Stephen Trail to Robert Maslowski, US Army Corps of Engineers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterial regarding 2016 Democratic Convention in Philadelphia; includes membership card, delegate ticket, etc.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAssorted publications and printed ephemera regarding tourism in southeastern West Virginia and two county historical societies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAssorted periodicals and other ephemera regarding Monroe County, WV, and other areas in southern West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Records and photographs documenting the history of southeastern West Virginia compiled by Summers County residents Fred Long and Stephen Trail. Many of the items were collected by a local newspaper, the  Hinton Daily News  (later the  Hinton News ). The collection focuses on the history of Summers County and Hinton from the mid-1700s to 2012, as well as the history of other areas in southeastern Virginia and western Virginia. Subjects include the town of Hinton, Hinton High School and Summers County schools, genealogy and family history, the Chesapeake and Ohio (C\u0026O) Railroad, archaeological and geographical features, other Summers County communities, wars, and other topics. Materials include a large quantity of photographs and negatives along with clippings, printed materials, ephemera, oral histories, maps, motion pictures, sound recordings, typescripts, manuscripts, and other types of materials. Many items are facsimiles of photos, documents, and newspapers.","Records about Hinton include photos and documents related to businesses and buildings. Highlights includes documentation for the Hinton National Historic District nomination; photos, game programs, and other records related to Hinton High School and its sports teams, including football and basketball; and photos, clippings, and ephemera regarding the West Virginia Water Festival, including pageant contestants and winners.","Genealogy and family history materials include genealogy charts, narrative histories, oral histories, and photographs (historic and more recent) of families of southeastern West Virginia.","Chesapeake and Ohio (C\u0026O) Railroad materials document activities of the company primarily in Hinton and Summers County, but includes other regions as well. Materials include photographs, clippings, and other documents about trains, railroads, tunnels, and construction. Highlights include historical photographs of railroad buildings, engines, and company employees.","Geographical features are documented by photographs and other material related to the construction of Bluestone Dam, and to the history of the New River, New River Gorge National Park, and other area rivers such as the Greenbrier. There are also records related to bridges and bridge construction, as well as numerous archaeological records, including surveys, maps, and reports.","Summers County communities, including Avis, Greenbrier, Green Sulphur Springs, Pence Springs, Sandstone, and Talcott, are documented by photographs, maps, and other material. Schools and churches in these communities are documented by photographs, school newspapers, bulletins, and other records.","War-related material includes photographs, clippings, and other documents. Highlights include photos of Civil War veterans at reunions, and photos and clippings related to World War I and World War II, including parades and the transportation of troops on the C\u0026O Railroad.\n \nNote on Terminology in the Contents List:","Photographs are referred to as \"photos\", \"prints\", or the specific photo type (tintype, carte de visite [CDV], cabinet card, or mounted photo). Photographs can also be found, of course, through the term \"negatives\"; many negatives do not have corresponding prints.","For genealogical information, search for a specific family name, or more generally, search for the terms \"genealogy\" or \"family history\". Photographs or negatives of \"family members\" identify groups of photographs of numerous individuals who share the same last name (or related name).","The Chesapeake and Ohio (C\u0026O) Railroad can be both spelled out fully or abbreviated C\u0026O.","Clippings may also be noted as articles or newspapers.","Addendum of 2018/02/27 is located in box 110 through box 116. It includes material relating to Stephen D. Trail's personal career, the history of the Trail family, and the history of Summers County, W. Va. Types of records include photographs, newsletters, correspondence, publications, and other material.","\nAddendum of 2018/05/31 comprises box 117 through box 128.  This material was compiled by Fred Long, who worked at the Hinton Daily News. It includes records relating to Hinton, W. Va., Pence Springs resort and prison, and other subjects related to Greenbrier and Summers counties. Much of this material is foldered by topic; many of these topical folders contain clippings from the Hinton Daily News, as well as related material, such as photographs, publications, and correspondence, etc.","Addendum of 2018/07/03 comprises box 129 through box 131. This addendum includes materials relating to Stephen Trail's life and career, material relating to Summers County History, several issues of the Proceedings of the New River Symposium, bound transcriptions of the Summers County 1880 census and marriage records from 1871-1883, and two books: Greenbrier Pioneers and Their Homes by Ruth Woods Dayton, and A History of Greenbrier County by Otis K. Rice.","Addendum of 2024 September 18 (box 129, folder 36) includes a folder of assorted publications and printed ephemera regarding tourism in southeastern West Virginia and two county historical societies.","Addendum of 2024 December 03 (box 132) includes prints of photographs taken by Philip Bagdon, photocopies of mounted photographs, and assorted printed ephemera regarding Summers County, WV, and other locations in the south West Virginia.","Addendum of 2025 February 10 (box 132) includes the Lower Greenbrier River Byway, Lowell Backway and Wolf Creek Backway Draft Corridor Management Plan and Alderson \"French the Friendly Lion\" and Riverwise Labyrinth pamphlets.","Addendum of 2025 September 19 (box 132) includes assorted periodicals and other ephemera regarding Monroe County, WV, and other areas in southern West Virginia.","Hinton News, The Register-Herald, The Post-Report, The Monroe Watchman","\"People, Places, and Things\" column and article on Pipestem public water system.","Several issues of column entitled \"Anecdotes in Summers County,\" mostly discussing Hinton in the late 19th century.","Includes photocopy of book by Lively entitled \"Historical Summers County.\" Also includes clippings and drafts of articles relating to Summers County history.","One page article by Stephen Trail.","Includes two articles: \"The Battle at Rich Mountain\" by Kenneth L. Carvell, and \"The Kanawha Rebel Victory\" by Terry Lowry.","Includes articles on Civil War letters by Jeff Gammage and Fred Long, as well as four transcpritions of Civil War soldier letters copied by Fred Long.","Includes articles from several newspapers, including the Hinton Daily News, and magazines pertaining to Elvis, specifically his death and continuing legacy.","Includes one article entitled \"A History of Monroe County West Virginia\" by Oren F. Morton discussing the construction of Cook's Fort.","Two articles from the Hinton Daily News and one article in Wonderful West Virginia (August 1975).","Includes an article on the genealogy of the Keeney family, a photocopied map of western Virginia, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and North Carolina from 1778, and a list of names taken from the Blaken Mill Road Cemetery in Alderson.","Includes entry from \"West Virginians in the Revolution\" on John and Peter Van Bibber, information on Samuel Gwinn, one page of notes from \"Pioneers and their Homes on Upper Kanawha,\" and two selections from the \"West Virginia Heritage Encyclopedia.\"","Photocopy of article by Roy Bird Cook entitled \"Virginia Frontier Defenses, 1719-1795\" publixhed in the West Virginia Blue Book, 1936.","Includes a pamphlet for \"Hatfields and MacCoys\" outdoor drama, a booklet titled \"The True Facts About the Famous Hatfield-McCoy Feud,\" and a newspaper clipping featuring a photo of a statue of Devil Anse Hatfield.","Two-page advertisement for the Hinton Daily News, including history of the paper, distribution information, and a list of distributors.","Includes copies of photographs and newspaper clippings about the school from its founding in 1896 onward. Articles report school's founding, fire at the school, and changes in superintendent, among other topics. Also includes 1970 student handbook and board meeting minutes.","Includes copies of photographs and newspaper clippings about the school from its founding in 1896 onward. Articles report school's founding, fire at the school, and changes in superintendent, among other topics. Also includes issues of the Dart, board meeting minutes, a list of the numbers of white, female students per school year (1880-1910), and a copy of the original deed for the school.","Includes photographs and newspaper clippings relating to Hinton High School.","Includes articles on the Hinton National Historic District, a booklet entitled \"Historic Hinton: Ready for the Future,\" and a folder of materials labeled \"Scenic Summers County in souther West Virginia.\"","Includes photocopies of photographs used as part of the Hinton Historic District Survey in 1983.","Includes mostly columns relating Hinton history. Also includes stories on the flood of 1940, John Henry, a train wreck in 1976, and other topics.","Includes three articles from the \"West Virginia Heritage Encyclopedia\" and an unidentified book on Pocahontas County discussing early Native American trails and trade networks.","Includes two articles (one by Fred Long) about \"Mad Anne\" Bailey, a woman soldier and Indian fighter during Lord Dunmore's War and the American War for Independence in Western Virginia.","Includes: Gray's New Map of Hinton (1876, reprint); map of summers county (1933, reprint); Washington's Cahin of Forts (undated, copied from a book); Archaeological Survey of New River Bluestone Reservoir (undated); Botetourt County, Virginia (1778, reprint); \"The Springs of Virginia and the Routes leading thereto\" (undated, reprint); Map of Hill Crest Cemetery (undated); Map of Section One of East Hill Cemetery (undated).","Includes: General Highway Map Augusta County (1973); Augusta County Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (1963); Map of the Giles, Fayette and Kanawha Turnpike (1840, reprint); Map of Greenbrier County, W. Va. (1887, reprint); West Virginia Official Highway Map (ca. 1980); Map of Alleghany County Virginia (undated, reprint); Map of Augusta County Virginia (1886, reprint); \"The Theatre of War in North America, with the Roads and a Table of the Distances\" (1776, reprint); The Town of Staunton (1749, reprint); Augusta County (1777, reprint); Welcome to Lewisburg (ca. 1975); Lewisburg, W. Va. Historic Walking Tour (undated); Staunton Virginia (ca. 1960); Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia (1978); Carte de la Virginie et du Maryland (1755, reprint).","Includes notes on the First Christian Church of Hinton, black and white engravings of Hinton scenes, two historic West Virginia postcards, and an article on a large rock carved in 1814 in Beckley, W. Va., among other items.","Includes articles of incorporation and bylaws for The Pipestem Foundation, Inc., a map and brochure for the park, a newspaper article about the Old Time Mountain Music Festival, and a pamphlet by Earl L. Core discussing the history of the pipestem name and plant.","Includes a letter and photocopies of historical material sent to Fred Long relating to W.F. Echols, a C\u0026O railroad conductor in Huntington during the early 1900s.","Includes one photocopy of \"A Brief History of the Red Sulphur Springs, Monroe County, West Virginia, 1987\" by John W. Dumont.","Includes one copy of an official report addressing a train collision that occurred near Vaughn, Mississippi on April 30, 1900 involving Engineer J.L. (Casey) Jones. This incident later became a folk legend and was the subject of a popular ballad.","Subjects of photos include Hinton High School, John Henry statue, aerial images of Hinton and surrounding areas, unidentified construction photos, First National Bank, Bluestone Dam, Chessie Steam Special, a Hinton parade, the Bluestone Conference Center, Aunt Jane Williams, Low Gap Methodist Church, and a turn-of-the-century a group of men playing pool, among other subjects. Many of the photos are not identified or dated. Some are reprints.","Subjects of photos include Bluestone Dam, the James Graham House, Coney Island (Hinton), Bank of Alderson, Fred Long and wife, Cooper's Mill, and two turn-of-the-century school group photos.","Subjects of photos include Summers County Court House, City of Hinton Fire Department, the James Graham House, Swift and Company, James T. McCreery, the Hinton Hospital, New River, Roses Drug Store (Hinton), Green Sulphur Springs, Confederate monument, Hotel McCreery, Hill Top Cemetery, and Greenbrier School, among other subjects. All photos are reprints and many are unidentified.","One photo of Margaret C. Pennington, mother of Cynthia Pennington, at the Pearl Trail farm in Judson.","Includes six VHS tapes: \nTV News \nTree Work City \nHinton Streetscape \nSteve Trail, TV News, BOE Meeting \nTV News \nReed Ceremony, Nov. 27, '85; Street Lighting Ceremony, Nov. 21, '86","Documents regarding economic development program for Hinton.","Election campaign letter.","Letter regarding loan of two photographs.","Includes a business card and a thank you note for materials loaned by Trail.","List of photos.","One letter from Stephen Trail to Robert Maslowski, US Army Corps of Engineers.","Material regarding 2016 Democratic Convention in Philadelphia; includes membership card, delegate ticket, etc.","Assorted publications and printed ephemera regarding tourism in southeastern West Virginia and two county historical societies.","Assorted periodicals and other ephemera regarding Monroe County, WV, and other areas in southern West Virginia."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeparated to the dvd / vhs / betacam collection:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  DVD and betacam copies of motion picture documentary of Hinton, West Virginia. Created in 1963 by the Area Redevelopment Agency of the U.S. government, it aimed to promote economic development in Hinton after the fading of the economy based upon steam railroads. (See items numbered 125 and 126 in the collection.)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Separated to the book collection; forwarded to Curator of Books:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Bragg, Melody. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThurmond and Ghost Towns of the New River Gorge\u003c/title\u003e. Glen Jean, West Virginia: Gem Publications, ca. 1995.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Daly, Dorothy. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Dart, 1926, Volume VII\u003c/title\u003e. Hinton, West Virginia: Senior Class of Hinton High School, 1926.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eDirectory of Hinton, West Virginia\u003c/title\u003e. 1927.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Enoch, Harry G. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eAffair at Captina Creek\u003c/title\u003e. Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 1999.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Foster, Elizabeth Carroll. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eVirginia Carrolls and Their Neighbors 1618-1800s\u003c/title\u003e. Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 1999.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Glen Jean Historical Society. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eDunloop Days: Glen Jean to Thurmond: Exciting Times and Precious Memories\u003c/title\u003e. Glen Jean, West Virginia: Glen Jean Historical Society, ca. 1989.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Grafton, Emily. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eWest Virginia Adventure Guide to the Natural History of Blackwater Falls State Park\u003c/title\u003e. Terra Alta, West Virginia: Headline Books, 2002.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Harsh, Sharon Wilmoth. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eSchool Board Minutes, Enumeration Lists and Account Records, Barbour County, West Virginia: Township of Barker, 1870-1890; Independent District of Bellington, 1893-1899\u003c/title\u003e. Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 2000.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Hatcher, Charles Silas. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eHistorical Genealogy of the Basham, Ellison, Hatcher, Lilly, Meadows, Pack, Walker, and Other Families\u003c/title\u003e. Princeton, West Virginia: Jake Forest Hatcher, 1980.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eHistory of the Great Kanawha Valley, Volume I\u003c/title\u003e. Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 2000.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Keller, Barbara, editor. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eSummers County, West Virginia, Historical Society: Cemetery Book\u003c/title\u003e. Beckley, West Virginia: BJW Printing, 1996.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Keller, Robert, editor. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eSenior \"34\"\u003c/title\u003e. Hinton, West Virginia: Senior Class, Hinton High School, 1934.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Kirk, Bert A., Harold Neely, and the Hinton Junior Chamber of Commerce, editors. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eHinton City Directory\u003c/title\u003e. White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia: Sentinel Publishers, 1939.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Lilly, Jack. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eHistorical Genealogy of the Lilly Family\u003c/title\u003e. Canton, Ohio: Jack Lilly, 1977.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Lilly, Jack. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eLilly Family History, 1566-1997\u003c/title\u003e. Canton, Ohio: Jack Lilly, 1997.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Lilly, Jack. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eOur Heritage: The Lilly Family, Vol. II\u003c/title\u003e. Canton, Ohio: Jack Lilly, 1978.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Long, Fred and Steve Trail. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eHistoric Pence Springs Resort\u003c/title\u003e. 1987.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Marockie, Henry R. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eSchool Laws of West Virginia: 1989 Edition\u003c/title\u003e. Charlottesville: The Michie Company, 1990.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  McBride, W. Stephen, Kim Arbogast McBride, and Greg Adamson. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eFrontier Forts in West Virginia: Historical and Archaeological Explorations\u003c/title\u003e. Edited by Lora A. Lamarre and Joanna L. Wilson. Charleston, West Virginia: West Virginia Division of Culture and History, 2003.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  McKey, JoAnn Riley. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eAccomack County, Virginia: Court Order Abstracts; 1682-1690, Volume 7\u003c/title\u003e. Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 1998.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  McKey, JoAnn Riley. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eAccomack County, Virginia: Court Order Abstracts; 1690-1697, Volume 8\u003c/title\u003e. Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 1999.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  McKey, JoAnn Riley. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eAccomack County, Virginia: Court Order Abstracts; 1703-1710, Volume 10\u003c/title\u003e. Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 2000.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  McNeer, Sally Withrow. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eEchoes of Summers\u003c/title\u003e. Undated.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Miller, Hurley. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eOnce in a Lifetime\u003c/title\u003e. Raleigh: Pentland Press, 2000.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Myers, Tom E. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eMoccasin Trails of the French and Indian War: The Eastern Frontier War 1743-1758\u003c/title\u003e. Parsons, West Virginia: McClain Printing Company, 1995.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Pemberton, Robert L. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eA History of Pleasants County, West Virginia\u003c/title\u003e. Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 1999.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Peters, Okey Erwin, compiler. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eConrad Peters and Wife Clara Snidow\u003c/title\u003e. Paducah, Kentucky: Paducah Printing Co., 1954.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Roles, Joe B. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eMary Janes's War: A Civil War Novel Based on a True Story\u003c/title\u003e. Annandale, Virginia: Joe B. Roles, 2002.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Scott, Eugene. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThurmond: Dodge City of West Virginia: Believe It or Not City\u003c/title\u003e. Beckley, West Virginia: Eugene Scott, undated.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Senior Class of Hinton High School. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Senior Handbook; 1935\u003c/title\u003e. Hinton, West Virginia: Senior Class, Hinton High School, 1935.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Shuff, Murray. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eStone Cliff, West Virginia: \"Life Along New River\", 1930-1938\u003c/title\u003e. Beckley, West Virginia: Central Printing Company, 1984.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Small, Sally, Louis Torres, Larry J. Reynolds, United States. National Park Service. Denver Service Center. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThurmond Commercial Buildings: New River Gorge, National River, West Virginia\u003c/title\u003e. Denver, Colorado: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, National Park Service, Denver Service Center, 1992.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Stewart, Kathleen. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eA Space on the Side of the Road: Cultural Poetics in an \"Other\" America\u003c/title\u003e. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Sullivan, Ken. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThurmond: A New River Community\u003c/title\u003e. Oak Hill, West Virginia: Eastern National Park and Monument Association, ca. 1989.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Taylor, Sharon. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Amazing Story of the Gwinns in America\u003c/title\u003e. Washington, D.C.: Halbert's, 1982.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Trail, Stephen D. and Vandalia Consultants, Inc. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eBluestone Dam 50th Anniversary Commemorative Album 1949-1999\u003c/title\u003e. Hinton, West Virginia: Fox Photographics, 1999.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  United States. National Park Service. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eDenver Service Center. Development Concept Plan / Interpretive Prospectus: Thurmond, New River Gorge National River, West Virginia\u003c/title\u003e. Denver, Colorado: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, National Park Service, Denver Service Center, 1992.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  United States. National Park Service. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eLand Protection Plan: New River Gorge\u003c/title\u003e. Denver, Colorado: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, National Park Service, Mid-Atlantic Region, 1984.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Wardell, Patrick G., compiler. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eVirginians and West Virginians, 1607-1870, Volume 1\u003c/title\u003e. Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 1986.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Wilson, Goodridge. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eSmyth County History and Traditions\u003c/title\u003e. Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 1998.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Separated to closed collections:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Baseball card of Jack Warhop, originally in box 79, folder 15.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHinton High School Year Books, titled \"The Dart\", were separated to the book collection at the History Center.  Includes years 1924, 1925 (2 copies), 1936, 1940, 1954, 1955 (2 copies), 1956, 1957, and 1959.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials","Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Separated to the dvd / vhs / betacam collection:","  DVD and betacam copies of motion picture documentary of Hinton, West Virginia. Created in 1963 by the Area Redevelopment Agency of the U.S. government, it aimed to promote economic development in Hinton after the fading of the economy based upon steam railroads. (See items numbered 125 and 126 in the collection.)","  Separated to the book collection; forwarded to Curator of Books:","  Bragg, Melody.  Thurmond and Ghost Towns of the New River Gorge . Glen Jean, West Virginia: Gem Publications, ca. 1995.","  Daly, Dorothy.  The Dart, 1926, Volume VII . Hinton, West Virginia: Senior Class of Hinton High School, 1926.","Directory of Hinton, West Virginia . 1927.","  Enoch, Harry G.  Affair at Captina Creek . Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 1999.","  Foster, Elizabeth Carroll.  Virginia Carrolls and Their Neighbors 1618-1800s . Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 1999.","  Glen Jean Historical Society.  Dunloop Days: Glen Jean to Thurmond: Exciting Times and Precious Memories . Glen Jean, West Virginia: Glen Jean Historical Society, ca. 1989.","  Grafton, Emily.  West Virginia Adventure Guide to the Natural History of Blackwater Falls State Park . Terra Alta, West Virginia: Headline Books, 2002.","  Harsh, Sharon Wilmoth.  School Board Minutes, Enumeration Lists and Account Records, Barbour County, West Virginia: Township of Barker, 1870-1890; Independent District of Bellington, 1893-1899 . Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 2000.","  Hatcher, Charles Silas.  Historical Genealogy of the Basham, Ellison, Hatcher, Lilly, Meadows, Pack, Walker, and Other Families . Princeton, West Virginia: Jake Forest Hatcher, 1980.","History of the Great Kanawha Valley, Volume I . Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 2000.","  Keller, Barbara, editor.  Summers County, West Virginia, Historical Society: Cemetery Book . Beckley, West Virginia: BJW Printing, 1996.","  Keller, Robert, editor.  Senior \"34\" . Hinton, West Virginia: Senior Class, Hinton High School, 1934.","  Kirk, Bert A., Harold Neely, and the Hinton Junior Chamber of Commerce, editors.  Hinton City Directory . White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia: Sentinel Publishers, 1939.","  Lilly, Jack.  Historical Genealogy of the Lilly Family . Canton, Ohio: Jack Lilly, 1977.","  Lilly, Jack.  Lilly Family History, 1566-1997 . Canton, Ohio: Jack Lilly, 1997.","  Lilly, Jack.  Our Heritage: The Lilly Family, Vol. II . Canton, Ohio: Jack Lilly, 1978.","  Long, Fred and Steve Trail.  Historic Pence Springs Resort . 1987.","  Marockie, Henry R.  School Laws of West Virginia: 1989 Edition . Charlottesville: The Michie Company, 1990.","  McBride, W. Stephen, Kim Arbogast McBride, and Greg Adamson.  Frontier Forts in West Virginia: Historical and Archaeological Explorations . Edited by Lora A. Lamarre and Joanna L. Wilson. Charleston, West Virginia: West Virginia Division of Culture and History, 2003.","  McKey, JoAnn Riley.  Accomack County, Virginia: Court Order Abstracts; 1682-1690, Volume 7 . Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 1998.","  McKey, JoAnn Riley.  Accomack County, Virginia: Court Order Abstracts; 1690-1697, Volume 8 . Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 1999.","  McKey, JoAnn Riley.  Accomack County, Virginia: Court Order Abstracts; 1703-1710, Volume 10 . Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 2000.","  McNeer, Sally Withrow.  Echoes of Summers . Undated.","  Miller, Hurley.  Once in a Lifetime . Raleigh: Pentland Press, 2000.","  Myers, Tom E.  Moccasin Trails of the French and Indian War: The Eastern Frontier War 1743-1758 . Parsons, West Virginia: McClain Printing Company, 1995.","  Pemberton, Robert L.  A History of Pleasants County, West Virginia . Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 1999.","  Peters, Okey Erwin, compiler.  Conrad Peters and Wife Clara Snidow . Paducah, Kentucky: Paducah Printing Co., 1954.","  Roles, Joe B.  Mary Janes's War: A Civil War Novel Based on a True Story . Annandale, Virginia: Joe B. Roles, 2002.","  Scott, Eugene.  Thurmond: Dodge City of West Virginia: Believe It or Not City . Beckley, West Virginia: Eugene Scott, undated.","  Senior Class of Hinton High School.  The Senior Handbook; 1935 . Hinton, West Virginia: Senior Class, Hinton High School, 1935.","  Shuff, Murray.  Stone Cliff, West Virginia: \"Life Along New River\", 1930-1938 . Beckley, West Virginia: Central Printing Company, 1984.","  Small, Sally, Louis Torres, Larry J. Reynolds, United States. National Park Service. Denver Service Center.  Thurmond Commercial Buildings: New River Gorge, National River, West Virginia . Denver, Colorado: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, National Park Service, Denver Service Center, 1992.","  Stewart, Kathleen.  A Space on the Side of the Road: Cultural Poetics in an \"Other\" America . Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996.","  Sullivan, Ken.  Thurmond: A New River Community . Oak Hill, West Virginia: Eastern National Park and Monument Association, ca. 1989.","  Taylor, Sharon.  The Amazing Story of the Gwinns in America . Washington, D.C.: Halbert's, 1982.","  Trail, Stephen D. and Vandalia Consultants, Inc.  Bluestone Dam 50th Anniversary Commemorative Album 1949-1999 . Hinton, West Virginia: Fox Photographics, 1999.","  United States. National Park Service.  Denver Service Center. Development Concept Plan / Interpretive Prospectus: Thurmond, New River Gorge National River, West Virginia . Denver, Colorado: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, National Park Service, Denver Service Center, 1992.","  United States. National Park Service.  Land Protection Plan: New River Gorge . Denver, Colorado: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, National Park Service, Mid-Atlantic Region, 1984.","  Wardell, Patrick G., compiler.  Virginians and West Virginians, 1607-1870, Volume 1 . Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 1986.","  Wilson, Goodridge.  Smyth County History and Traditions . Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 1998.","  Separated to closed collections:","  Baseball card of Jack Warhop, originally in box 79, folder 15.","Hinton High School Year Books, titled \"The Dart\", were separated to the book collection at the History Center.  Includes years 1924, 1925 (2 copies), 1936, 1940, 1954, 1955 (2 copies), 1956, 1957, and 1959."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_43a428a036329b8d08d80398402053d8\"\u003eRecords and photographs documenting the history of southeastern West Virginia compiled by Summers County residents Fred Long and Stephen Trail. Many of the items were collected by a local newspaper, the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHinton Daily News\u003c/emph\u003e (later the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHinton News\u003c/emph\u003e). The collection focuses on the history of Summers County and Hinton from the mid-1700s to 2012, as well as the history of other areas in southeastern Virginia and western Virginia. Subjects include the town of Hinton, Hinton High School and Summers County schools, genealogy and family history, the Chesapeake and Ohio (C\u0026amp;O) Railroad, archaeological and geographical features, other Summers County communities, wars, and other topics. Materials include a large quantity of photographs and negatives along with clippings, printed materials, ephemera, oral histories, maps, motion pictures, sound recordings, typescripts, manuscripts, and other types of materials. Many items are facsimiles of photos, documents, and newspapers.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Records and photographs documenting the history of southeastern West Virginia compiled by Summers County residents Fred Long and Stephen Trail. Many of the items were collected by a local newspaper, the  Hinton Daily News  (later the  Hinton News ). The collection focuses on the history of Summers County and Hinton from the mid-1700s to 2012, as well as the history of other areas in southeastern Virginia and western Virginia. Subjects include the town of Hinton, Hinton High School and Summers County schools, genealogy and family history, the Chesapeake and Ohio (C\u0026O) Railroad, archaeological and geographical features, other Summers County communities, wars, and other topics. Materials include a large quantity of photographs and negatives along with clippings, printed materials, ephemera, oral histories, maps, motion pictures, sound recordings, typescripts, manuscripts, and other types of materials. Many items are facsimiles of photos, documents, and newspapers."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_93518063762d4bcef4eb8598eb8cce65\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_coll_ssim":["Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad Company"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad Company","Long, Frederick","Trail, Stephen D.","Bagdon, Philip V."],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad Company"],"persname_ssim":["Long, Frederick","Trail, Stephen D.","Bagdon, Philip V."],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":3592,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:42:57.896Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5374_c2580"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3051_c04_c02_c50","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"1st National Exchange Bank","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3051_c04_c02_c50#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3051_c04_c02_c50","ref_ssm":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3051_c04_c02_c50"],"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3051_c04_c02_c50","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3051","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3051","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3051_c04_c02","parent_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3051_c04_c02","parent_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3051","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3051_c04","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3051_c04_c02"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3051","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3051_c04","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3051_c04_c02"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Records of the Office of the President, Julian A. Burruss","Series IV: Subject Files","Subseries B: Physical Plant"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Records of the Office of the President, Julian A. Burruss","Series IV: Subject Files","Subseries B: Physical Plant"],"text":["Records of the Office of the President, Julian A. Burruss","Series IV: Subject Files","Subseries B: Physical Plant","1st National Exchange Bank","box 25","folder 1671"],"title_filing_ssi":"1st National Exchange Bank","title_ssm":["1st National Exchange Bank"],"title_tesim":["1st National Exchange Bank"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1934-1937"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1934/1937"],"normalized_title_ssm":["1st National Exchange Bank"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"collection_ssim":["Records of the Office of the President, Julian A. Burruss"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":1908,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"date_range_isim":[1934,1935,1936,1937],"containers_ssim":["box 25","folder 1671"],"_nest_path_":"/components#3/components#1/components#49","timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:11:33.061Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3051","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3051","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3051","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3051","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_3051.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Burruss, Julian A., Records of the Office of the President","title_ssm":["Records of the Office of the President, Julian A. Burruss"],"title_tesim":["Records of the Office of the President, Julian A. Burruss"],"unitdate_ssm":["1906-1946"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1906-1946"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Record Group","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["RG.02.08"],"text":["RG.02.08","Records of the Office of the President, Julian A. Burruss","Faculty and staff","University History","University Archives","Women -- History","Record Group 2 - Office of the President","The collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged into seven series, plus oversize materials. Within each series or subseries, folders are arranged in alphabetical order by folder title.","Series I: Personal Correspondence and Papers, 1906-1945 Series II: Board of Visitors, 1919-1935 Series III: Correspondence, 1919-1944 Series IV: Subject Files Series V: Virginia State Survey, 1929-1930 Series VI: Subject Files Series VII: Defense and the War Effort, 1940-1945 Oversize Folders","Julian Ashby Burruss was born in Richmond, Virginia in 1876. He was the first alumnus-President, having graduated with honors in civil engineering from VPI in 1898. A hallmark of his long tenure in the presidency was a major administrative reorganization, which included: abolishing four deanships; broadening the scope and authority of the Deans of Agriculture and Engineering; establishing post of Dean of the College; abolishing College surgeon office and hiring full-time health officer; establishing office of business manager; placing directors of Agriculture Experiment Station and Extension Services under Dean of Agriculture; abolishing Registrar office; and placing athletic activities directly under control of college authorities.","Other highlights of Burruss' administration included: establishment of Engineering Experiment Station, 1921, and Engineering Extension Division, 1923; admittance of women to all departments, except military, 1921; founding of Future Farmers of Virginia, which became Future Farmers of America; first Ph.D. awarded; Radford State Teachers College merged with VPI and became Radford College, the Women's Division of VPI.","When mounting pressures and advancing age began to take a toll on Burruss, the Board of Visitors granted him a six-month leave of absence on 4 January 1945, and named John Hutcheson, Director of the Agriculture Extension Service, as Executive Assistant to the President. On 10 January 1945, Burruss suffered a fractured vertebrae in an automobile accident, so on 12 January, the Rector of the Board requested that Hutcheson assume the duties of the presidency immediately. At the Board meeting on 15 May, Burruss was elected \"President Emeritus\" and the search for a new president began. Burruss died two years later.","The guide to the Records of the Office of the President, Julian A. Burruss by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Records of the Office of the President, Julian A. Burruss commenced in July 2005 and was completed in May 2006. The collection was previously processed by Digital Library and Archives staff.","See also the  Julian Ashby Burruss Papers, 1904-2005, UA 0023,  at Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.","This collection contains mostly correspondence, including with the Board of Visitors (1919-1928) and with faculty (1919-1946). Some of the material in this collection pre-dates the beginning of Burruss' presidency.","The collection also contains lecture notes and writings (1906-1922, 1930-1931); reports to Board of Trustees of the State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (1908-1919); Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station financial reports (1910-1921); minutes of Normal School Board (1915-1917); payrolls (1918-1921); applications for faculty positions (1920-22); budget materials (1920-1924, 1926/1927-1928/1929, 1941-1942); reports of various committees (1921-1925); invoices and insurance policies (1923-1924); contracts (1925-1946); departmental reports (1928); library annual reports (1935/1936-1936/1937); academic reports (1935-1940); Virginia Academy of Science Planning Committee material (1940); items relating to the Radford-VPI merger (1943-1944); reports of Treasurer to Department of Interior and Agriculture on income from fund derived for Land Grant Act of 1862 or from land grants made in lieu of 1862 grant; Public Works Administration records relating to buildings constructed on campus using PWA funds.","In addition to titles, some folder entries include information about topics covered in the folder. Please note, these are highlights and not exhaustive lists of subjects contained in the file.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The bulk of the collection contains correspondence concerning Julian Ashby Burruss' tenure as president of Virginia Polytechnic Institute, as well as lecture notes, reports to the Board of Trustees of the State Normal School, and Experiment Station reports.","Please note:  This collection is in off-site storage and requires 2-3 days notice for retrieval. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives for more information.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Office of the President","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Burruss, Julian Ashby, 1876-1947","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["RG.02.08"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Records of the Office of the President, Julian A. Burruss"],"collection_title_tesim":["Records of the Office of the President, Julian A. Burruss"],"collection_ssim":["Records of the Office of the President, Julian A. Burruss"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Office of the President","Burruss, Julian Ashby, 1876-1947"],"creator_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Office of the President","Burruss, Julian Ashby, 1876-1947"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Burruss, Julian Ashby, 1876-1947"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Office of the President"],"creators_ssim":["Burruss, Julian Ashby, 1876-1947","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Office of the President"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Records of the Office of the President, Julian A. Burruss were transferred to Special Collections and University Archives in March-June 1973. Additional materials were received prior to 2000."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Faculty and staff","University History","University Archives","Women -- History","Record Group 2 - Office of the President"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Faculty and staff","University History","University Archives","Women -- History","Record Group 2 - Office of the President"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["72 Cubic Feet 52 boxes, 1 oversize folder"],"extent_tesim":["72 Cubic Feet 52 boxes, 1 oversize folder"],"date_range_isim":[1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into seven series, plus oversize materials. Within each series or subseries, folders are arranged in alphabetical order by folder title.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003clist\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries I: Personal Correspondence and Papers, 1906-1945\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries II: Board of Visitors, 1919-1935\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries III: Correspondence, 1919-1944\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries IV: Subject Files\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries V: Virginia State Survey, 1929-1930\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VI: Subject Files\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VII: Defense and the War Effort, 1940-1945\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eOversize Folders\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into seven series, plus oversize materials. Within each series or subseries, folders are arranged in alphabetical order by folder title.","Series I: Personal Correspondence and Papers, 1906-1945 Series II: Board of Visitors, 1919-1935 Series III: Correspondence, 1919-1944 Series IV: Subject Files Series V: Virginia State Survey, 1929-1930 Series VI: Subject Files Series VII: Defense and the War Effort, 1940-1945 Oversize Folders"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJulian Ashby Burruss was born in Richmond, Virginia in 1876. He was the first alumnus-President, having graduated with honors in civil engineering from VPI in 1898. A hallmark of his long tenure in the presidency was a major administrative reorganization, which included: abolishing four deanships; broadening the scope and authority of the Deans of Agriculture and Engineering; establishing post of Dean of the College; abolishing College surgeon office and hiring full-time health officer; establishing office of business manager; placing directors of Agriculture Experiment Station and Extension Services under Dean of Agriculture; abolishing Registrar office; and placing athletic activities directly under control of college authorities.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOther highlights of Burruss' administration included: establishment of Engineering Experiment Station, 1921, and Engineering Extension Division, 1923; admittance of women to all departments, except military, 1921; founding of Future Farmers of Virginia, which became Future Farmers of America; first Ph.D. awarded; Radford State Teachers College merged with VPI and became Radford College, the Women's Division of VPI.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhen mounting pressures and advancing age began to take a toll on Burruss, the Board of Visitors granted him a six-month leave of absence on 4 January 1945, and named John Hutcheson, Director of the Agriculture Extension Service, as Executive Assistant to the President. On 10 January 1945, Burruss suffered a fractured vertebrae in an automobile accident, so on 12 January, the Rector of the Board requested that Hutcheson assume the duties of the presidency immediately. At the Board meeting on 15 May, Burruss was elected \"President Emeritus\" and the search for a new president began. Burruss died two years later.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Julian Ashby Burruss was born in Richmond, Virginia in 1876. He was the first alumnus-President, having graduated with honors in civil engineering from VPI in 1898. A hallmark of his long tenure in the presidency was a major administrative reorganization, which included: abolishing four deanships; broadening the scope and authority of the Deans of Agriculture and Engineering; establishing post of Dean of the College; abolishing College surgeon office and hiring full-time health officer; establishing office of business manager; placing directors of Agriculture Experiment Station and Extension Services under Dean of Agriculture; abolishing Registrar office; and placing athletic activities directly under control of college authorities.","Other highlights of Burruss' administration included: establishment of Engineering Experiment Station, 1921, and Engineering Extension Division, 1923; admittance of women to all departments, except military, 1921; founding of Future Farmers of Virginia, which became Future Farmers of America; first Ph.D. awarded; Radford State Teachers College merged with VPI and became Radford College, the Women's Division of VPI.","When mounting pressures and advancing age began to take a toll on Burruss, the Board of Visitors granted him a six-month leave of absence on 4 January 1945, and named John Hutcheson, Director of the Agriculture Extension Service, as Executive Assistant to the President. On 10 January 1945, Burruss suffered a fractured vertebrae in an automobile accident, so on 12 January, the Rector of the Board requested that Hutcheson assume the duties of the presidency immediately. At the Board meeting on 15 May, Burruss was elected \"President Emeritus\" and the search for a new president began. Burruss died two years later."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Records of the Office of the President, Julian A. Burruss by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-%20work/public-domain/cc0/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Records of the Office of the President, Julian A. Burruss by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Records of the Office of the President, Julian A. Burruss, RG 2/8, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Records of the Office of the President, Julian A. Burruss, RG 2/8, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Records of the Office of the President, Julian A. Burruss commenced in July 2005 and was completed in May 2006. The collection was previously processed by Digital Library and Archives staff.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Records of the Office of the President, Julian A. Burruss commenced in July 2005 and was completed in May 2006. The collection was previously processed by Digital Library and Archives staff."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee also the \u003ca href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=jmu/vihart00259.xml\" target=\"_new\"\u003eJulian Ashby Burruss Papers, 1904-2005, UA 0023,\u003c/a\u003e at Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Archival Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See also the  Julian Ashby Burruss Papers, 1904-2005, UA 0023,  at Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains mostly correspondence, including with the Board of Visitors (1919-1928) and with faculty (1919-1946). Some of the material in this collection pre-dates the beginning of Burruss' presidency.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also contains lecture notes and writings (1906-1922, 1930-1931); reports to Board of Trustees of the State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (1908-1919); Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station financial reports (1910-1921); minutes of Normal School Board (1915-1917); payrolls (1918-1921); applications for faculty positions (1920-22); budget materials (1920-1924, 1926/1927-1928/1929, 1941-1942); reports of various committees (1921-1925); invoices and insurance policies (1923-1924); contracts (1925-1946); departmental reports (1928); library annual reports (1935/1936-1936/1937); academic reports (1935-1940); Virginia Academy of Science Planning Committee material (1940); items relating to the Radford-VPI merger (1943-1944); reports of Treasurer to Department of Interior and Agriculture on income from fund derived for Land Grant Act of 1862 or from land grants made in lieu of 1862 grant; Public Works Administration records relating to buildings constructed on campus using PWA funds.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to titles, some folder entries include information about topics covered in the folder. Please note, these are highlights and not exhaustive lists of subjects contained in the file.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains mostly correspondence, including with the Board of Visitors (1919-1928) and with faculty (1919-1946). Some of the material in this collection pre-dates the beginning of Burruss' presidency.","The collection also contains lecture notes and writings (1906-1922, 1930-1931); reports to Board of Trustees of the State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (1908-1919); Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station financial reports (1910-1921); minutes of Normal School Board (1915-1917); payrolls (1918-1921); applications for faculty positions (1920-22); budget materials (1920-1924, 1926/1927-1928/1929, 1941-1942); reports of various committees (1921-1925); invoices and insurance policies (1923-1924); contracts (1925-1946); departmental reports (1928); library annual reports (1935/1936-1936/1937); academic reports (1935-1940); Virginia Academy of Science Planning Committee material (1940); items relating to the Radford-VPI merger (1943-1944); reports of Treasurer to Department of Interior and Agriculture on income from fund derived for Land Grant Act of 1862 or from land grants made in lieu of 1862 grant; Public Works Administration records relating to buildings constructed on campus using PWA funds.","In addition to titles, some folder entries include information about topics covered in the folder. Please note, these are highlights and not exhaustive lists of subjects contained in the file."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (\u003ca href=\"mailto:specref@vt.edu\"\u003especref@vt.edu\u003c/a\u003e or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproductions and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_99ffc4b6975dcc96ab6039abbbb6e7a7\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe bulk of the collection contains correspondence concerning Julian Ashby Burruss' tenure as president of Virginia Polytechnic Institute, as well as lecture notes, reports to the Board of Trustees of the State Normal School, and Experiment Station reports.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The bulk of the collection contains correspondence concerning Julian Ashby Burruss' tenure as president of Virginia Polytechnic Institute, as well as lecture notes, reports to the Board of Trustees of the State Normal School, and Experiment Station reports."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_3fe84f921447fe3b159cbba915706c4b\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003ePlease note:\u003c/emph\u003e This collection is in off-site storage and requires 2-3 days notice for retrieval. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives for more information.\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Please note:  This collection is in off-site storage and requires 2-3 days notice for retrieval. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives for more information."],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Burruss, Julian Ashby, 1876-1947"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Office of the President","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Burruss, Julian Ashby, 1876-1947"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Office of the President","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)"],"persname_ssim":["Burruss, Julian Ashby, 1876-1947"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"total_component_count_is":2949,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:11:33.061Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3051_c04_c02_c50"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1974_c04_c57","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"1st Va. Cav. - Figgat Letters","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1974_c04_c57#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1974_c04_c57","ref_ssm":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1974_c04_c57"],"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1974_c04_c57","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1974","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1974","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1974_c04","parent_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1974_c04","parent_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1974","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1974_c04"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1974","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1974_c04"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["James I. Robertson Jr. Papers","Series IV: Virginia Unit Records"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["James I. Robertson Jr. Papers","Series IV: Virginia Unit Records"],"text":["James I. Robertson Jr. Papers","Series IV: Virginia Unit Records","1st Va. Cav. - Figgat Letters","box 40","folder 62"],"title_filing_ssi":"1st Va. Cav. - Figgat Letters","title_ssm":["1st Va. Cav. - Figgat Letters"],"title_tesim":["1st Va. Cav. - Figgat Letters"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1861-1865, 1971"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1861/1971"],"normalized_title_ssm":["1st Va. Cav. - Figgat Letters"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"collection_ssim":["James I. Robertson Jr. Papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":403,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"date_range_isim":[1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971],"containers_ssim":["box 40","folder 62"],"_nest_path_":"/components#3/components#56","timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:15:46.743Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1974","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1974","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1974","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1974","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1974.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Robertson, James I., Papers","title_ssm":["James I. Robertson Jr. Papers"],"title_tesim":["James I. Robertson Jr. Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1849-2011"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1849-2011"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1994.021"],"text":["Ms.1994.021","James I. Robertson Jr. Papers","Virginia","Civil War","Faculty and staff","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","University History","Collection is open to research.","Series I: Writings, 1981-2004  This series contains research notes, manuscript and typescript drafts, edited working copies, master copies and galley proofs for 10 books and two articles published between 1982 and 2004. The series is arranged by the works' chronological order of publication. The materials for each work are arranged in chronological order, according to the dates supplied. (Where dates were unavailable, the sequence was determined by comparing the different drafts.) The drafts include revisions made by Robertson and others (identified in the individual folder descriptions, when possible). The series' holdings are not comprehensive and do not include every draft of every work. The subseries for  Jackson \u0026 Lee , for example, contains only a typescript draft of a single chapter. ","Series II: General Materials, 1862-1996  All materials not directly related to the writing and publication of Robertson's works are assembled within this series, which includes items pertaining to the preservation of lands adjacent to Manassas National Battlefield Park, manuscript drafts for various speeches made by Robertson, a list of articles written by Robertson and assorted ephemera. Materials are arranged by function. ","Series III: Virginia County Records, 1852-2005  This series contains records of Virginia counties during and after the American Civil War, including xeroxed sets of letters as well as additional records of individuals and other ephemeral material.","Series IV: Virginia Unit Records, 1849-2011  This series contains records of Virginia  units during the American Civil War, including xeroxed sets of letters as well as additional records of individuals and other ephemeral material.","Series V: Oversize Materials, [1982?]-2000, n.d.  This series consists of oversize galley proofs which were too large to be filed in Series I. Items in this series are arranged according to the order in which they would have been filed had they remained in Series I. ","American Civil War historian and Alumni Distinguished Professor of History at Virginia Tech, James I. \"Bud\" Robertson, Jr. (1930-2019) was born in Danville, Virginia. After graduating from Randolph-Macon College (B.A., 1955), Robertson obtained his M.A. (1956) and Ph.D. (1959) at Emory University and served as a teaching fellow (instructor in history) at Emory from 1958 to 1959. From 1959 to 1961, Robertson served as editor of Civil War History, a quarterly journal published by the University of Iowa. In 1961, he was appointed executive director of the National Civil War Centennial Commission by President John F. Kennedy and served until 1965, supervising the national observance of the Civil War centenary. Robertson served as professor of history at the University of Montana from 1965 until 1967, when he joined the faculty of Virginia Tech. He served as History Department head from 1969 to 1977, and was C. P. Miles Professor of History from 1977 to 1992. He became Alumni Distinguished Professor of History in 1992. ","Robertson has authored many award-winning scholarly books on Civil War-related topics, including  Soldiers Blue and Gray  (1988) (nominated for the Pulitzer Prize in History),  Civil War Virginia: Battleground for a Nation  (1991),  General A. P. Hill: The Story of a Confederate Warrior ; and  Stonewall Jackson: The Man, the Soldier, the Legend  (1997). He has also written two books for younger readers:  Civil War! America Becomes One Nation  (1992) and  Standing Like a Stone Wall: the Life of General Thomas J. Jackson  (2001). Robertson has been a contributing author and editor for several other works; his articles, too numerous to list here, have appeared in many encyclopedias, Civil War magazines and historical society journals. ","The guide to the James I. Robertson Jr. Papers, Accession by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","Accession I was processed in May 1996 by Helen Harrison, student assistant, and Laura Katz Smith, manuscripts curator. Processing, arrangement and description of Accession II commenced in September 2002 and was completed in November 2002. The two accessions were merged at this time. Additional accessions processed by Miles Abernethy from Janruary to May 2022 and August 2022.","The papers of James I. Robertson Jr., American Civil War historian, author, and Alumni Distinguished Professor of History at Virginia Tech, span the dates 1849 to 2011 and are comprised of writings, research papers, and collected original materials for the Civil War and the Commonwealth of Virginia. The writings consist of materials (research notes, manuscript drafts, typescript drafts and galley proofs) related to the writing and publication of a portion of Robertson's books and articles between 1982 and 2004, a large collection of notes and records of Virginia county and Civil War activity, and a collection of Virginia Civil War unit notes, records, and correspondence. Some general materials includes items related to the preservation of lands adjacent to Manassas National Battlefield Park and a few manuscript drafts for various speeches made by Robertson.","Introduction; Pre-1848; Post-Mexican War; Coming of War; Williamsburg; Promotion to Brigadier General; Mechanicsville; Gaines' Mill; Frayser's Farm; End of Seven Days' Campaign; Cedar Mountain; Second Manassas; Antietam Creek; Fredericksburg; Chancellorsville; Gettysburg; Bristoe Station; Wilderness; Petersburg; 1865","with corrections by Elizabeth Robertson, Beth Brown, Richard Harwell and Random House","with corrections by Richard Harwell","with corrections by Richard Harwell","with corrections by Beth Brown","with corrections by Richard Harwell","with corrections by Ed Raus","with corrections by Robert Krick and Ed Raus","with corrections by Richard Harwell","with corrections by Dennis Frye","with corrections by Richard Harwell","with corrections by author","with corrections by Elizabeth Robertson, Harry Pfanz and Beth Brown","with corrections by Beth Brown and Chris Calkins","with author's final corrections; 4 folders","with publisher's final corrections; 2 folders","with publisher's comments","with corrections by author","with corrections by Ludwell Johnson (chapters 1-5 only)","with corrections by Charles Roland","with corrections by Gary Gallagher","with publisher's comments; 2 folders","incorporating publisher's revisions","with publisher's comments; 2 folders","with corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh","with corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh","with corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh","with corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh","with corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh","with corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh","with corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh","with corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh","with corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh","with corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh","with corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh","with corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh","with corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh","with corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh","with corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh","with corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh","with corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh","with corrections by author","with corrections by author","with corrections by author","with corrections by author","with corrections by author","with corrections by author","with corrections by author","with corrections by author","with corrections by author","with corrections by author","with corrections by author","with corrections by author","with corrections by author","with corrections by author","with corrections by author","with corrections by author","with corrections by author","with corrections by author","with corrections by unidentified person","with corrections by unidentified person","limited edition signed print by Brian Kraus","The following publications have been separated to the Rare Books Collection of VT Special Collections and University Archives:","Barringer, Paul B.  Narrative of Pilgrimage to Cedar Mountain and Manassas Battlefields, September 4-5, 1968  ([Richmond?: s.n., 1968?]) E472.183 N377 1968 Civil War Spec","Johnston, J. Ambler.  Echoes of 1861-1961  ([Richmond]: privately printed, 1970) F227 .J6 1970 c.3 Civil War Spec","Johnston, J. Ambler.  The Civil War 1861-1865 in Arkansas and Missouri: Notes on the April, 1967 Trip of the Chicago Civil War Round Table  ([Richmond]: Distributed by the Virginia State Penitentiary, 1967) E470.4 .J647 1967 c.2 Civil War Spec","Wilshin, Francis.  Manassas (Bull Run) National Battlefield Park, Virginia  (Washington D.C., 1957) Docs I 29.58:15/2 Civil War Spec","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This collection includes research notes, manuscripts, typescript drafts, working copies and galley proofs for books and articles written by Virginia Tech's Alumni Distinguished Professor of History James I. Robertson Jr., 1982-2001. Large collection of notes, papers, and correspondence relateing to Virginia Civil War counties and units. Also contains a small set of general materials which includes items related to the preservation of lands adjacent to Manassas National Battlefield Park.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)","Robertson, James I., Jr.","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1994.021"],"normalized_title_ssm":["James I. Robertson Jr. Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["James I. Robertson Jr. Papers"],"collection_ssim":["James I. Robertson Jr. Papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Robertson, James I., Jr."],"creator_ssim":["Robertson, James I., Jr."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Robertson, James I., Jr."],"creators_ssim":["Robertson, James I., Jr."],"places_ssim":["Virginia"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Robertson Papers were donated by James I. and Elizabeth Robertson in several accessions from 1992 until 2016."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Civil War","Faculty and staff","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","University History"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Civil War","Faculty and staff","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","University History"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["30.4 Cubic Feet 43 boxes and 1 oversize folder"],"extent_tesim":["30.4 Cubic Feet 43 boxes and 1 oversize folder"],"date_range_isim":[1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries I: Writings, 1981-2004\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e This series contains research notes, manuscript and typescript drafts, edited working copies, master copies and galley proofs for 10 books and two articles published between 1982 and 2004. The series is arranged by the works' chronological order of publication. The materials for each work are arranged in chronological order, according to the dates supplied. (Where dates were unavailable, the sequence was determined by comparing the different drafts.) The drafts include revisions made by Robertson and others (identified in the individual folder descriptions, when possible). The series' holdings are not comprehensive and do not include every draft of every work. The subseries for \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eJackson \u0026amp; Lee\u003c/title\u003e, for example, contains only a typescript draft of a single chapter. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries II: General Materials, 1862-1996\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e All materials not directly related to the writing and publication of Robertson's works are assembled within this series, which includes items pertaining to the preservation of lands adjacent to Manassas National Battlefield Park, manuscript drafts for various speeches made by Robertson, a list of articles written by Robertson and assorted ephemera. Materials are arranged by function. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries III: Virginia County Records, 1852-2005\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e This series contains records of Virginia counties during and after the American Civil War, including xeroxed sets of letters as well as additional records of individuals and other ephemeral material.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries IV: Virginia Unit Records, 1849-2011\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e This series contains records of Virginia  units during the American Civil War, including xeroxed sets of letters as well as additional records of individuals and other ephemeral material.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries V: Oversize Materials, [1982?]-2000, n.d.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e This series consists of oversize galley proofs which were too large to be filed in Series I. Items in this series are arranged according to the order in which they would have been filed had they remained in Series I. \u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series I: Writings, 1981-2004  This series contains research notes, manuscript and typescript drafts, edited working copies, master copies and galley proofs for 10 books and two articles published between 1982 and 2004. The series is arranged by the works' chronological order of publication. The materials for each work are arranged in chronological order, according to the dates supplied. (Where dates were unavailable, the sequence was determined by comparing the different drafts.) The drafts include revisions made by Robertson and others (identified in the individual folder descriptions, when possible). The series' holdings are not comprehensive and do not include every draft of every work. The subseries for  Jackson \u0026 Lee , for example, contains only a typescript draft of a single chapter. ","Series II: General Materials, 1862-1996  All materials not directly related to the writing and publication of Robertson's works are assembled within this series, which includes items pertaining to the preservation of lands adjacent to Manassas National Battlefield Park, manuscript drafts for various speeches made by Robertson, a list of articles written by Robertson and assorted ephemera. Materials are arranged by function. ","Series III: Virginia County Records, 1852-2005  This series contains records of Virginia counties during and after the American Civil War, including xeroxed sets of letters as well as additional records of individuals and other ephemeral material.","Series IV: Virginia Unit Records, 1849-2011  This series contains records of Virginia  units during the American Civil War, including xeroxed sets of letters as well as additional records of individuals and other ephemeral material.","Series V: Oversize Materials, [1982?]-2000, n.d.  This series consists of oversize galley proofs which were too large to be filed in Series I. Items in this series are arranged according to the order in which they would have been filed had they remained in Series I. "],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAmerican Civil War historian and Alumni Distinguished Professor of History at Virginia Tech, James I. \"Bud\" Robertson, Jr. (1930-2019) was born in Danville, Virginia. After graduating from Randolph-Macon College (B.A., 1955), Robertson obtained his M.A. (1956) and Ph.D. (1959) at Emory University and served as a teaching fellow (instructor in history) at Emory from 1958 to 1959. From 1959 to 1961, Robertson served as editor of Civil War History, a quarterly journal published by the University of Iowa. In 1961, he was appointed executive director of the National Civil War Centennial Commission by President John F. Kennedy and served until 1965, supervising the national observance of the Civil War centenary. Robertson served as professor of history at the University of Montana from 1965 until 1967, when he joined the faculty of Virginia Tech. He served as History Department head from 1969 to 1977, and was C. P. Miles Professor of History from 1977 to 1992. He became Alumni Distinguished Professor of History in 1992. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRobertson has authored many award-winning scholarly books on Civil War-related topics, including \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eSoldiers Blue and Gray\u003c/title\u003e (1988) (nominated for the Pulitzer Prize in History), \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eCivil War Virginia: Battleground for a Nation\u003c/title\u003e (1991), \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eGeneral A. P. Hill: The Story of a Confederate Warrior\u003c/title\u003e; and \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eStonewall Jackson: The Man, the Soldier, the Legend\u003c/title\u003e (1997). He has also written two books for younger readers: \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eCivil War! America Becomes One Nation\u003c/title\u003e (1992) and \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eStanding Like a Stone Wall: the Life of General Thomas J. Jackson\u003c/title\u003e (2001). Robertson has been a contributing author and editor for several other works; his articles, too numerous to list here, have appeared in many encyclopedias, Civil War magazines and historical society journals. \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["American Civil War historian and Alumni Distinguished Professor of History at Virginia Tech, James I. \"Bud\" Robertson, Jr. (1930-2019) was born in Danville, Virginia. After graduating from Randolph-Macon College (B.A., 1955), Robertson obtained his M.A. (1956) and Ph.D. (1959) at Emory University and served as a teaching fellow (instructor in history) at Emory from 1958 to 1959. From 1959 to 1961, Robertson served as editor of Civil War History, a quarterly journal published by the University of Iowa. In 1961, he was appointed executive director of the National Civil War Centennial Commission by President John F. Kennedy and served until 1965, supervising the national observance of the Civil War centenary. Robertson served as professor of history at the University of Montana from 1965 until 1967, when he joined the faculty of Virginia Tech. He served as History Department head from 1969 to 1977, and was C. P. Miles Professor of History from 1977 to 1992. He became Alumni Distinguished Professor of History in 1992. ","Robertson has authored many award-winning scholarly books on Civil War-related topics, including  Soldiers Blue and Gray  (1988) (nominated for the Pulitzer Prize in History),  Civil War Virginia: Battleground for a Nation  (1991),  General A. P. Hill: The Story of a Confederate Warrior ; and  Stonewall Jackson: The Man, the Soldier, the Legend  (1997). He has also written two books for younger readers:  Civil War! America Becomes One Nation  (1992) and  Standing Like a Stone Wall: the Life of General Thomas J. Jackson  (2001). Robertson has been a contributing author and editor for several other works; his articles, too numerous to list here, have appeared in many encyclopedias, Civil War magazines and historical society journals. "],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the James I. Robertson Jr. Papers, Accession by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the James I. Robertson Jr. Papers, Accession by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], James I. Robertson Jr. Papers, Accession, Ms1994-021, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], James I. Robertson Jr. Papers, Accession, Ms1994-021, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAccession I was processed in May 1996 by Helen Harrison, student assistant, and Laura Katz Smith, manuscripts curator. Processing, arrangement and description of Accession II commenced in September 2002 and was completed in November 2002. The two accessions were merged at this time. Additional accessions processed by Miles Abernethy from Janruary to May 2022 and August 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Accession I was processed in May 1996 by Helen Harrison, student assistant, and Laura Katz Smith, manuscripts curator. Processing, arrangement and description of Accession II commenced in September 2002 and was completed in November 2002. The two accessions were merged at this time. Additional accessions processed by Miles Abernethy from Janruary to May 2022 and August 2022."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers of James I. Robertson Jr., American Civil War historian, author, and Alumni Distinguished Professor of History at Virginia Tech, span the dates 1849 to 2011 and are comprised of writings, research papers, and collected original materials for the Civil War and the Commonwealth of Virginia. The writings consist of materials (research notes, manuscript drafts, typescript drafts and galley proofs) related to the writing and publication of a portion of Robertson's books and articles between 1982 and 2004, a large collection of notes and records of Virginia county and Civil War activity, and a collection of Virginia Civil War unit notes, records, and correspondence. Some general materials includes items related to the preservation of lands adjacent to Manassas National Battlefield Park and a few manuscript drafts for various speeches made by Robertson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIntroduction; Pre-1848; Post-Mexican War; Coming of War; Williamsburg; Promotion to Brigadier General; Mechanicsville; Gaines' Mill; Frayser's Farm; End of Seven Days' Campaign; Cedar Mountain; Second Manassas; Antietam Creek; Fredericksburg; Chancellorsville; Gettysburg; Bristoe Station; Wilderness; Petersburg; 1865\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by Elizabeth Robertson, Beth Brown, Richard Harwell and Random House\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by Richard Harwell\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by Richard Harwell\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by Beth Brown\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by Richard Harwell\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by Ed Raus\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by Robert Krick and Ed Raus\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by Richard Harwell\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by Dennis Frye\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by Richard Harwell\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by author\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by Elizabeth Robertson, Harry Pfanz and Beth Brown\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by Beth Brown and Chris Calkins\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith author's final corrections; 4 folders\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith publisher's final corrections; 2 folders\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith publisher's comments\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by author\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by Ludwell Johnson (chapters 1-5 only)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by Charles Roland\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by Gary Gallagher\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith publisher's comments; 2 folders\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eincorporating publisher's revisions\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith publisher's comments; 2 folders\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by author\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by author\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by author\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by author\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by author\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by author\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by author\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by author\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by author\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by author\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by author\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by author\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by author\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by author\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by author\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by author\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by author\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by author\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by unidentified person\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by unidentified person\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003elimited edition signed print by Brian Kraus\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The papers of James I. Robertson Jr., American Civil War historian, author, and Alumni Distinguished Professor of History at Virginia Tech, span the dates 1849 to 2011 and are comprised of writings, research papers, and collected original materials for the Civil War and the Commonwealth of Virginia. The writings consist of materials (research notes, manuscript drafts, typescript drafts and galley proofs) related to the writing and publication of a portion of Robertson's books and articles between 1982 and 2004, a large collection of notes and records of Virginia county and Civil War activity, and a collection of Virginia Civil War unit notes, records, and correspondence. Some general materials includes items related to the preservation of lands adjacent to Manassas National Battlefield Park and a few manuscript drafts for various speeches made by Robertson.","Introduction; Pre-1848; Post-Mexican War; Coming of War; Williamsburg; Promotion to Brigadier General; Mechanicsville; Gaines' Mill; Frayser's Farm; End of Seven Days' Campaign; Cedar Mountain; Second Manassas; Antietam Creek; Fredericksburg; Chancellorsville; Gettysburg; Bristoe Station; Wilderness; Petersburg; 1865","with corrections by Elizabeth Robertson, Beth Brown, Richard Harwell and Random House","with corrections by Richard Harwell","with corrections by Richard Harwell","with corrections by Beth Brown","with corrections by Richard Harwell","with corrections by Ed Raus","with corrections by Robert Krick and Ed Raus","with corrections by Richard Harwell","with corrections by Dennis Frye","with corrections by Richard Harwell","with corrections by author","with corrections by Elizabeth Robertson, Harry Pfanz and Beth Brown","with corrections by Beth Brown and Chris Calkins","with author's final corrections; 4 folders","with publisher's final corrections; 2 folders","with publisher's comments","with corrections by author","with corrections by Ludwell Johnson (chapters 1-5 only)","with corrections by Charles Roland","with corrections by Gary Gallagher","with publisher's comments; 2 folders","incorporating publisher's revisions","with publisher's comments; 2 folders","with corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh","with corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh","with corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh","with corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh","with corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh","with corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh","with corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh","with corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh","with corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh","with corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh","with corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh","with corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh","with corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh","with corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh","with corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh","with corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh","with corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh","with corrections by author","with corrections by author","with corrections by author","with corrections by author","with corrections by author","with corrections by author","with corrections by author","with corrections by author","with corrections by author","with corrections by author","with corrections by author","with corrections by author","with corrections by author","with corrections by author","with corrections by author","with corrections by author","with corrections by author","with corrections by author","with corrections by unidentified person","with corrections by unidentified person","limited edition signed print by Brian Kraus"],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe following publications have been separated to the Rare Books Collection of VT Special Collections and University Archives:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBarringer, Paul B. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eNarrative of Pilgrimage to Cedar Mountain and Manassas Battlefields, September 4-5, 1968\u003c/title\u003e ([Richmond?: s.n., 1968?]) E472.183 N377 1968 Civil War Spec\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJohnston, J. Ambler. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eEchoes of 1861-1961\u003c/title\u003e ([Richmond]: privately printed, 1970) F227 .J6 1970 c.3 Civil War Spec\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJohnston, J. Ambler. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Civil War 1861-1865 in Arkansas and Missouri: Notes on the April, 1967 Trip of the Chicago Civil War Round Table\u003c/title\u003e ([Richmond]: Distributed by the Virginia State Penitentiary, 1967) E470.4 .J647 1967 c.2 Civil War Spec\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilshin, Francis. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eManassas (Bull Run) National Battlefield Park, Virginia\u003c/title\u003e (Washington D.C., 1957) Docs I 29.58:15/2 Civil War Spec\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["The following publications have been separated to the Rare Books Collection of VT Special Collections and University Archives:","Barringer, Paul B.  Narrative of Pilgrimage to Cedar Mountain and Manassas Battlefields, September 4-5, 1968  ([Richmond?: s.n., 1968?]) E472.183 N377 1968 Civil War Spec","Johnston, J. Ambler.  Echoes of 1861-1961  ([Richmond]: privately printed, 1970) F227 .J6 1970 c.3 Civil War Spec","Johnston, J. Ambler.  The Civil War 1861-1865 in Arkansas and Missouri: Notes on the April, 1967 Trip of the Chicago Civil War Round Table  ([Richmond]: Distributed by the Virginia State Penitentiary, 1967) E470.4 .J647 1967 c.2 Civil War Spec","Wilshin, Francis.  Manassas (Bull Run) National Battlefield Park, Virginia  (Washington D.C., 1957) Docs I 29.58:15/2 Civil War Spec"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_591a58887f476736372340a2230c0d66\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection includes research notes, manuscripts, typescript drafts, working copies and galley proofs for books and articles written by Virginia Tech's Alumni Distinguished Professor of History James I. Robertson Jr., 1982-2001. Large collection of notes, papers, and correspondence relateing to Virginia Civil War counties and units. Also contains a small set of general materials which includes items related to the preservation of lands adjacent to Manassas National Battlefield Park.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection includes research notes, manuscripts, typescript drafts, working copies and galley proofs for books and articles written by Virginia Tech's Alumni Distinguished Professor of History James I. Robertson Jr., 1982-2001. Large collection of notes, papers, and correspondence relateing to Virginia Civil War counties and units. 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