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Williams, photographer for William \u0026 Mary for 35 years.  He was also a photographer for Camp Peary and Colonial Williamsburg prior to working for William \u0026 Mary.","Addition includes photographs, correspondence, negatives, and newspaper articles from Thomas L. Williams. Photographs includes scenes of Colonial Williamsburg and the campus of William \u0026 Mary.","Files include photographs of Williamsburg, Virginia, William \u0026 Mary, as well as personal family photographs taken by Thomas L. Williams from the 1940s-1960s. Other papers include clippings documenting events in Williamsburg and correspondence. ","Included in the folder of people of note visiting Williamsburg are those labeled as follows: ","Menderez, Sec. of Defense of Turkey Visited 7/13/58 ","President Dwight D. Eisenhower with Virginia Governor Thomas Stanley ","Vera Vague of Rob Hope Show WWII ","Jack Niklaus 9/67 ","President Lyndon B. Johnson ","King of Belgium 5/31/59 ","President Richard Nixon with W\u0026M President Paschal ","President Dwight Eisenhower ","Grand Opening Day with Queen Elizabeth 1957 ","President Gerald Ford ","President Rockefeller ","Debbie Reynolds ","King Hussein of Jordan Visits Jamestown ","Governor Mills Godwin ","King of Morocco Visits ","Lord Mayor of London at Colonial Williamsburg ","King Baudouin of Belgium May 1959 ","Prince Phillip with Governor Stanley "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Williams, Thomas L."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Williams, Thomas L."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":10461,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T12:07:10.432Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_8143_c05_c90"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1798_c08_c126","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Wren, Helen Rolph","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1798_c08_c126#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1798_c08_c126","ref_ssm":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1798_c08_c126"],"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1798_c08_c126","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1798","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1798","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1798_c08","parent_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1798_c08","parent_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1798","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1798_c08"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1798","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1798_c08"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Inge Horton Architectural Collection","Files of Early Women Architects and A Few Male Architects Who Supported Them"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Inge Horton Architectural Collection","Files of Early Women Architects and A Few Male Architects Who Supported Them"],"text":["Inge Horton Architectural Collection","Files of Early Women Architects and A Few Male Architects Who Supported Them","Wren, Helen Rolph","English .","box 5","folder 50"],"title_filing_ssi":"Wren, Helen Rolph","title_ssm":["Wren, Helen Rolph"],"title_tesim":["Wren, Helen Rolph"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1892-1986"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1892/1986"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Wren, Helen Rolph"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"collection_ssim":["Inge Horton Architectural Collection"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":134,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"date_range_isim":[1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986],"language_ssim":["English ."],"containers_ssim":["box 5","folder 50"],"_nest_path_":"/components#7/components#125","timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:12:54.402Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1798","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1798","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1798","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1798","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1798.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Horton, Inge, Architectural Collection","title_ssm":["Inge Horton Architectural Collection"],"title_tesim":["Inge Horton Architectural Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1964-1999"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1964-1999"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1990.065"],"text":["Ms.1990.065","Inge Horton Architectural Collection","History of Women in Architecture","International Archive of Women in Architecture (IAWA)","Women architects -- California","Women -- History","The collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged by material type.","Born in Germany, Inge S. Horton was educated in architecture and city planning. She graduated with a Diplom-Ingenieur from the Technological University of Berlin, Germany, 1965, and with a Master of City and Regional Planning from University of California, Berkeley, 1979. She has work experience in private, institutional and municipal planning departments. She was a planner with the Planning Department of the City and County of San Francisco, California, from 1983 to 1998.","She has held leadership positions in both the Organization of Women Architects and Design Professionals (OWA) and the International Archive of Women in Architecture (IAWA).","Her publications include several articles and two books in collaboration with Monica Hennig-Schefold on \"Early Modern Architecture in Berlin\" (1967) and \"Structure and Decoration: Art Nouveau Architecture in Paris and Brussels\" (1971). Horton also published a book on \"Early Women Architects of the San Francisco Bay Area: The Lives and Work of Fifty Professionals, 1890-1951\" (2010).","The guide to the Inge Horton Architectural Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement and description of the Inge Horton Architectural Collection commenced and was completed in September 2010. Additional files were processed in March 2016.","The Inge Horton Architectural Collection consists of architectural studies written by Horton while in Germany; presentations made at various women's architectural organization meetings, including the International Union of Women Architects (UIFA); a Historic Structure Report for Julia Morgan building; copies of her books; a curriculum vitae; and files on early women architects in the San Francisco Bay Area for her book \"Early Women Architects of the San Francisco Bay Area: The Lives and Work of Fifty Professionals, 1890-1951\" (2010).","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","Inge Horton was born in Germany. She was a planner with the Planning Department of the City and County of San Francisco, California, from 1983 to 1998; member of the Board of Advisors for the International Archive of Women in Architecture. Her papers consist of architectural studies written while in Germany; presentations made at various women's architectural organization meetings, including the International Union of Women Architects; a curriculum vitae; and research files on early women architects in the San Francisco Bay Area.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Horton, Inge S.","The materials in the collection are in English and German."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1990.065"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Inge Horton Architectural Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Inge Horton Architectural Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Inge Horton Architectural Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Horton, Inge S."],"creator_ssim":["Horton, Inge S."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Horton, Inge S."],"creators_ssim":["Horton, Inge S."],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Inge Horton Architectural Collection was donated to Special Collections in 1990."],"access_subjects_ssim":["History of Women in Architecture","International Archive of Women in Architecture (IAWA)","Women architects -- California","Women -- History"],"access_subjects_ssm":["History of Women in Architecture","International Archive of Women in Architecture (IAWA)","Women architects -- California","Women -- History"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["9.3 Cubic Feet 8 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["9.3 Cubic Feet 8 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged by material type.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged by material type."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBorn in Germany, Inge S. Horton was educated in architecture and city planning. She graduated with a Diplom-Ingenieur from the Technological University of Berlin, Germany, 1965, and with a Master of City and Regional Planning from University of California, Berkeley, 1979. She has work experience in private, institutional and municipal planning departments. She was a planner with the Planning Department of the City and County of San Francisco, California, from 1983 to 1998.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eShe has held leadership positions in both the Organization of Women Architects and Design Professionals (OWA) and the International Archive of Women in Architecture (IAWA).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHer publications include several articles and two books in collaboration with Monica Hennig-Schefold on \"Early Modern Architecture in Berlin\" (1967) and \"Structure and Decoration: Art Nouveau Architecture in Paris and Brussels\" (1971). Horton also published a book on \"Early Women Architects of the San Francisco Bay Area: The Lives and Work of Fifty Professionals, 1890-1951\" (2010).\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Born in Germany, Inge S. Horton was educated in architecture and city planning. She graduated with a Diplom-Ingenieur from the Technological University of Berlin, Germany, 1965, and with a Master of City and Regional Planning from University of California, Berkeley, 1979. She has work experience in private, institutional and municipal planning departments. She was a planner with the Planning Department of the City and County of San Francisco, California, from 1983 to 1998.","She has held leadership positions in both the Organization of Women Architects and Design Professionals (OWA) and the International Archive of Women in Architecture (IAWA).","Her publications include several articles and two books in collaboration with Monica Hennig-Schefold on \"Early Modern Architecture in Berlin\" (1967) and \"Structure and Decoration: Art Nouveau Architecture in Paris and Brussels\" (1971). Horton also published a book on \"Early Women Architects of the San Francisco Bay Area: The Lives and Work of Fifty Professionals, 1890-1951\" (2010)."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Inge Horton Architectural Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description "],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Inge Horton Architectural Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Inge Horton Architectural Collection, 1964-1999, Ms1990-065, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Inge Horton Architectural Collection, 1964-1999, Ms1990-065, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement and description of the Inge Horton Architectural Collection commenced and was completed in September 2010. Additional files were processed in March 2016.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement and description of the Inge Horton Architectural Collection commenced and was completed in September 2010. Additional files were processed in March 2016."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Inge Horton Architectural Collection consists of architectural studies written by Horton while in Germany; presentations made at various women's architectural organization meetings, including the International Union of Women Architects (UIFA); a Historic Structure Report for Julia Morgan building; copies of her books; a curriculum vitae; and files on early women architects in the San Francisco Bay Area for her book \"Early Women Architects of the San Francisco Bay Area: The Lives and Work of Fifty Professionals, 1890-1951\" (2010).\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Inge Horton Architectural Collection consists of architectural studies written by Horton while in Germany; presentations made at various women's architectural organization meetings, including the International Union of Women Architects (UIFA); a Historic Structure Report for Julia Morgan building; copies of her books; a curriculum vitae; and files on early women architects in the San Francisco Bay Area for her book \"Early Women Architects of the San Francisco Bay Area: The Lives and Work of Fifty Professionals, 1890-1951\" (2010)."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_efeedd0489853594ec017840c3f0497f\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eInge Horton was born in Germany. She was a planner with the Planning Department of the City and County of San Francisco, California, from 1983 to 1998; member of the Board of Advisors for the International Archive of Women in Architecture. Her papers consist of architectural studies written while in Germany; presentations made at various women's architectural organization meetings, including the International Union of Women Architects; a curriculum vitae; and research files on early women architects in the San Francisco Bay Area.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Inge Horton was born in Germany. She was a planner with the Planning Department of the City and County of San Francisco, California, from 1983 to 1998; member of the Board of Advisors for the International Archive of Women in Architecture. Her papers consist of architectural studies written while in Germany; presentations made at various women's architectural organization meetings, including the International Union of Women Architects; a curriculum vitae; and research files on early women architects in the San Francisco Bay Area."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Horton, Inge S."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Horton, Inge S."],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English and German."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":320,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:12:54.402Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1798_c08_c126"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3151_c34_c12","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"Wrestling","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3151_c34_c12#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3151_c34_c12","ref_ssm":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3151_c34_c12"],"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3151_c34_c12","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3151","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3151","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3151_c34","parent_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3151_c34","parent_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3151","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3151_c34"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3151","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3151_c34"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Virginia Tech and Local History Mounted Clippings","University Athletics"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Virginia Tech and Local History Mounted Clippings","University Athletics"],"text":["Virginia Tech and Local History Mounted Clippings","University Athletics","Wrestling"],"title_filing_ssi":"Wrestling","title_ssm":["Wrestling"],"title_tesim":["Wrestling"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1921-1959"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1921/1959"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Wrestling"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"collection_ssim":["Virginia Tech and Local History Mounted Clippings"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":1,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":408,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"date_range_isim":[1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959],"_nest_path_":"/components#33/components#11","timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:34:55.437Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3151","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3151","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3151","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3151","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_3151.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Virginia Tech and Local History Mounted Clippings","title_ssm":["Virginia Tech and Local History Mounted Clippings"],"title_tesim":["Virginia Tech and Local History Mounted Clippings"],"unitdate_ssm":["c. 1870s-c. 1960s"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["c. 1870s-c. 1960s"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["VerticalFile.006"],"text":["VerticalFile.006","Virginia Tech and Local History Mounted Clippings","Blacksburg (Va.)","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Montgomery County (Va.)","University History","The collection is open for research.","Mounted Clippings are arranged by subject, primarily alphabetically.","The guide to the Virginia Tech and Local History Mounted Clippings by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description was completed by Special Collections staff prior to 2015. The finding aid was completed in August 2015. The re-integration of Mo56a-i, Association of Married Students was completed in October 2019.","See also Vertical Files (successors to the mounted clippings): Biographical Vertical Files Blacksburg Vertical Files Montgomery County/Christiansburg Vertical Files Record Group Vertical Files Southwest Virginia Vertical Files","In general, the Virginia Tech and Local History Mounted Clippings include newspaper clippings, photocopies, ephermera, unpublished and/or informal publications, and other papers relating to a specific subject area. Files in this collection relate to Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, and the activities of members of the community or university.","Ma may include Agricultural Conference Board and Institute Of Rural Affairs.","Ma 1 may include Agricultural Experiment Station \u0026 Field Research Stations.\nMa 1, 5, 6, 10, 11, 15, 16 may include Farmers' Institute.\nMa 3 may include Corn Day Short Course.\nMa 5, 18, 19, 29 may include Farmer'S Winter Short Course.\nMa 11, 24 may include Dairy Cattle At V.P.I.\nMa 18 may include Planters Club.\nMa 19 may include Pure-Bred Sire Campaign.\nMa 22 may include Agriculture \u0026 Life Sciences, College Of - Poultry Science.\nMa 22 may include Boys \u0026 Girls Short Course.\nMa 23 may include Virginia Aberdeen Angus Breeders' Association.\nMa 23, 24, 59, 61 may include Horticulture Club.\nMa 25, 28 may include Corn Score Card.\nMa 28 may include Dairy Science Club (American Dairy Science Association; Incl. Dairy Clubs).\nMa 30, 65 may include Hoof \u0026 Horn Club.\nMa 61 may include American Society Of Agricultural Engineers.\nMa 65 may include Little International Livestock Show.","Ma 221, 223-233, 239 may include Mccormick, Cyrus Hall Centennial Celebration (1931).\nMa 222, 224, 226-228, 259, 262, 264 may include Institute Of Rural Affairs.\nM 309 may include Alumni Gate.","MAAg 355 may include Jamestown Centennial Festival (VPI Horticulturists Plant Indian Tobacco).","MAEc 8, 264 may include Virginia Summer School For Town \u0026 Country Ministers.","MAHr 223 may include Weather.","MAIn 85, 86 may include Buildings - Hutcheson Hall (Formerly New Agricultural Hall).","MAM 177, 177a, 835, 208, 230a may include Institute Of Rural Affairs.\nMAM 198, 199, 203-206, 212, 215, 251, 254-260 may include Mccormick, Cyrus Hall.\nMAM 203, 207, 211, 1957 may include Motion Picture Unit At VPI.","MAM 264 may include Atoms (Film By VPI \"Infant Giant\").","Mar O1 may include \"Pot Pourri\".","Masb 22 may include High School Science Teachers Summer Institute.\nMasb 23 may include Conservation Short Course.","MAV may include Future Farmers Of America.","Mbl may include Community Concert Association and Earthquakes.\nMbl 1a, 2, 4, 417, 472, 473, 1438, 1441, 1445, 1564, 1592, 1603 may include \"Huckleberry\".\nMbl 5, 1206-1207 may include Norfolk \u0026 Western Railroad.\nMbl 1052, 1054, 1189 may include Future Farmers Of America.","Mbl 4 may include Sham Battle.\nMbl 5 may include American Red Cross.\nMbl 9 may include \"Solitude\".","Mbl 77 may include Lakes \u0026 Ponds.","Mbl 1206 may include Lybrook Row.","Mcv may include Mall and President's Home.","Mcv 96 may include Doorways - V.P.I. Buildings.\nMcv 99 may include Lakes \u0026 Ponds.","Mcv 130 may include Buildings - R.O.T.C Building (Building 364).","Mfi 18 may include Sham Battle.\nMfi 23 may include Athletic Department (Formerly Athletic Association);  Hoof \u0026 Horn Club; and Masons.","Mfi 74 may include Freshmen.\nMfi 120, 149, 151, 157 may include Kohler Trophy.","Mcon may include Community Concert Association.","Mco 4, 7 may include Agriculture \u0026 Life Sciences, College Of - Poultry Science.","Mco 57 may include Russian Language Course.","Mda 2 may include Lynchburg Club.\nMda 29 may include Songs Of VPI Incl. Moonlight \u0026 VPI, Tech Triumph, Ut Prosim.","Mde may include Accidents And Deaths.","Mde 6 may include Highty-Tighties.","Mde 28 may include Engineering, Metallurgical.","Mdev may include Agriculture \u0026 Life Sciences, College Of - Horticulture; Campus Development Plan; and \"Pre-Centennial Development Program\".","Mdev 7 may include Arboretum (Sculpture).","Med 8-12, 17 may include Mccormick, Cyrus Hall.","Me may include Engineering, College Of, and Geology.","Me 9 may include Buildings - Davidson Hall (Chemical Engineering).\nMe 12 may include Airport (Officially Opened In 1939).\nMe 72 may include Mall.","Menr may include Freshmen and Orientation.","Mext may include Branch Colleges Of VPI.","Mf 29 may include Wine Faculty Achievement Award.","Mf 360, 416 may include Buildings - Seitz Hall (Agricultural Engineering Building).","ML 1 may include Loans To Students.\nML 2, 3, 4, 5 may include Rison Bill.\nML 4 may include Engineering Experiment Station.\nML 7, 8, 9, 10 may include Bonds, V.P.I. (To Finance Building Of War Memorial Hall).","Mm may include Uniforms, Military, Armistice Day, Corps Of Cadets, and  Military Organizations.\nMm 3, 7, 7c, 15, 135 may include Highty-Tighties.\nMm 42, 43, 63, 72, 94, 105, 116, 124, 130, 132, 159, 164 may include Kohler Trophy.","Mm 14, 16 may include Inspection, Military.","Mm 21, 22, 23, 24 may include Foch Celebration.\nMM 78 may include Air R.O.T.C.\nMm 92 may include World War I and World War Ii.","M may include Armistice Day; Art, Dept. Of; Arts \u0026 Sciences, College Of [Obsolete]; Class Of (Different Years); Concerts \u0026 Plays (Not VPI); Conferences, Seminars, Workshops (Off-Campus); Conferences, Seminars, Workshops (On-Campus); Engineering Exposition; Engineering, College Of; Enrollment \u0026 Registration; Highty-Tighties; Horse Show; and Snow Battle.\nM 10, 119, 802 may include Faculty.\nM 10, 123, 171 may include Engineering Experiment Station.\nM 22, 54, 103, 104, 236, 245 may include Fires--On Campus.\nM 23, 24, 26a, 103, 104 may include Buildings - Field House (1914) (Burned).\nM 23, 31, 785, 804, 810 may include Buildings - Mcbryde Building Of Mechanic Arts (The Shops).\nM 23, 245, 805, 862 may include Trees--V.P.I. Campus.\nM 24, 26, 29, 115, 166, 170a, 195, 214, 218, 222 may include Science Club Obsolete.\nM 25, 31, 112, 118, 120 may include Maury Literary Society.\nM 26, 28, 73 may include Farmer's Winter Short Course.\nM 26, 85, 120, 511 may include Inspection, Military.\nM 29, 30, 134, 135 may include Grounds (Buildings \u0026).\nM 31, 40, 95, 99, 113, 115, 132, 215, 236, 240, 241, 242 may include Rat System.\nM 31, 46, 263 may include Gitt, William G. (\"Uncle Bill\").\nM 54, 113 may include World War I.\nM 66, 69, 70, 534 may include Songs Of VPI Incl. Moonlight \u0026 VPI, Tech Triumph, Ut Prosim.\nM 71, 738, 759 may include Masons.\nM 74, 233, 234 may include Student Volunteer Movement.\nM 77, 134, 139, 275, 369, 371 may include Course Of Study.\nM 82, 87-89, 134, 157, 226 may include Norfolk \u0026 Western Railroad.\nM 82, 125, 129, 153, 517 may include American Society Of Mechanical Engineers (Asme).\nM 93, 224, 489 may include American Society Of Agricultural Engineers.\nM 97, 107a, 113, 120, 121, 123, 131, 773, 774 may include Buildings - War Memorial Gymnasium.\nM 102, 167, 203 may include Chemical Club / Chemistry Club.\nM 109, 116, 276 may include Home Demonstration.\nM 111, 113, 133, 134, 148, 718, 722, 723, 807 may include Buildings - Miles Stadium, 1926-1964.\nM 115, 116, 135, 138, 148, 139, 785, 804, 810 may include Buildings - Patton Hall.\nM 115, 168 may include Shenandoah Valley Club.\nM 122, 182 may include Fertilizer Short Course School M 122, 182.\nM 125, 178, 240, 193 may include Athletic Department (Formerly Athletic Association).\nM 127, 138, 176, 194a, 214, 236 may include American Chemical Society (Student Affiliate).\nM 128, 222, 339, 340, 442 may include Virginia Social Science Association.\nM 130, 394, 495, 513, 514 may include American Red Cross.\nM 131, 210, 786, 810, 837 may include Buildings - Academic Buildings 1 \u0026 2.\nM 134, 148, 149, 160, 182, 184, 185, 195, 238, 273, 276, 278, 318, 331, 438, 447, 464, 465, 470, 471, 481, 498, 849 may include Airport (Officially Opened In 1939).\nM 135, 293 may include Stroubles Creek (Strubbles Creek).\nM 135, 330, 356, 398 may include Educators' Conference.\nM 136, 726, 11/1, 18, 31, 152 may include Dining Halls.\nM 138, 148, 738, 739, 755, 757, 763, 802 may include Buildings - Henderson Hall (Infirmary).\nM 140, 141, 147-149, 225, 326, 329, 508 may include Geology.\nM 140, 149, 835 may include Buildings - Power Plant.\nM 140, 312, 460 may include Rural Electrification Short Course.\nM 150, 223, 350, 382, 462, 464 may include Freshmen.\nM 151, 171, 380, 811 may include Quarries.\nM 151, 176 may include Lynchburg Club.\nM 151, 314, 516 may include Lakes \u0026 Ponds.\nM 154-1930 to M 347-1937 may include Rural Minister's Short Course.\nM 155, 455, 504, 153 may include Virginia Associated Plumbing, Heating, Contractors.\nM 157, 160, 738, 739, 802, 804, 810 may include Buildings - Saunders Hall (Dairy Science).\nM 160, 165 may include Engineering, Ceramic.\nM 161, 163, 173, 179, 189, 203, 337 (Civilian Students Union) may include Student Government Association.\nM 161, 170, 174 may include Soil Survey (Virginia).\nM 164, 165, 191, 324 may include Thanksgiving Game.\nM 173, 267, 309, 390, 433, 436, 610 may include Weather.\nM 174, 186, 187, 275, 448 may include Engineering, College Of.\nM 179a, 416 may include Noell Act.\nM 209, 709, 785, 804, 810, 825, 826, 126, 208 may include Buildings - Davidson Hall (Chemical Engineering).\nM 220, 223, 397 may include Future Farmers Of America.\nM 225, 239, 351, 458, 467 may include Home Economics, College Of (Human Resources).\nM 232, 517, 220, 224 may include Engineering, Metallurgical.\nM 235, 389 may include Engineering, Chemical.\nM 271, 886 may include Biology, Dept. Of.\nM 282a, 312 may include Out-Of-School Youth.\nM 295, 352 may include Graham Plan (Re: Athletic Aid).\nM 376, 390, 393, 394, 413, 417, 424, 714, 727, 785, 786, 804, 810, 887, 890, 891 may include Buildings - Owens Dining Hall.\nM 393, 785, 786 may include Buildings - Eggleston Hall (East Stone Dorm).\nM 397, 835a may include Institute Of Rural Affairs.\nM 407, 481 may include Sigma Xi (Honorary Faculty Research Society).\nM 443, 693 may include Treasury, V.P.I.\nM 452, 738, 739, 804, 810 may include Buildings - Holden Hall.\nM 458, 463, 468, 469, 810 may include Buildings - Hillcrest (\"Skirt Barn\").\nM 467, 483, 487, 488, 854, 223 may include Boycotts.\nM 548, 568 may include Cave Club.\nM 637, 835, 836, 837, 844 may include Buildings - Dormitories.\nM 660, 772, 773, 776, 781, 785, 786, 792, 794, 796, 796a, 804, 810, 878 may include Buildings - Williams Hall.\nM 690, 714, 731, 745, 746 may include Rad-Tech.\nM 755, 756, 763, 882, 883, 890 may include Buildings - Greenhouse (Dept. Of Horticulture).\nM 760, 761, 781, 782, 785, 791, 794, 796, 796a, 804, 810, 835, 882, 883, 886, 878, 881 may include Buildings - Randolph Hall.\nM 760, 772, 774, 835 may include Buildings - Meat \u0026 Processing Lab.\nM 780, 792, 805, 807, 824, 835 may include Buildings - Livestock \u0026 Poultry Disease Lab.\nM 785, 802, 835, 837 may include Buildings - Rasche Hall.\nM 785, 802, 879 may include Buildings - Brodie Hall and Shanks Hall (No. 4 \u0026 No. 7 Barracks United).\nM 787, 788, 794, 796, 797, 799-801, 804, 806, 810, 811, 819, 820, 823, 824, 827, 830, 832-834, 834a, 835-836 may include Buildings - Library - Carol M. Newman Library.\nM 810, 815, 868 may include Buildings - Commencement Hall (Old Commerce Hall).\nM 810, 835 may include Buildings - Seitz Hall (Agricultural Engineering Building).\nM 880-887, 890, 893, 738, 739, 804, 810 may include Buildings - Robeson Hall.","M 12 may include Christmas Card V.P.I. and Class Ticket.\nM 17a may include Virginia Agricultural \u0026 Mechanical College (Vamc).\nM 20 may include Pulaski Club.\nM 22, 37 may include Buildings - Preston \u0026 Olin Buildings.\nM 23, 24 may include Septic Tank.\nM 30 may include Little International Livestock Show.\nM 55, 76 may include Hikes - Corps.","M 68, 69, 78, 109, 123, 137, 139 may include Farmers' Institute.\nM 73 may include Buildings - Alumni Building.\nM 80, 137 may include Dismissal.\nM 81, 82, 92, 129 may include American Society Of Civil Engineers.\nM 88 may include Buildings - Hutcheson Hall (Formerly New Agricultural Hall).\nM 94 may include Techgram.\nM 95 may include Mail Service (Campus).\nM 95, 96, 97, 108 may include Fires--Fought Off Campus.\nM 108, 155 may include May Day.\nM 115, 117 may include Buildings - University Club Building (Residence).\nM 116 may include Agriculture \u0026 Life Sciences, College Of - Horticulture.\nM 116, 117, 120 may include University Club.\nM 117-118 may include Agriculture \u0026 Life Sciences, College Of - Dairy Short Course.\nM 118 may include State Crop Pest Commission.\nM 122, 137, 154 may include Electric Meterman's Short Course.\nM 123 may include Hunt House.\nM 125 may include Agricultural Students' Honorary Council.\nM 130 may include United Daughters Of The Confederacy, 1927 Meeting At VPI.\nM 132 may include Coal.\nM 138, 139 may include Male Chorus At VPI.\nM 153 may include Publications, V.P.I.; Sham Battle; and Wine Scholarship.\nM 153, 154, 155 may include Engineer's Day.\nM 157 may include Buildings - Print Shop (Old M. E. Laboratory).","M 166, 196, 201, 218, 224 may include \"Technical Topics\" (1931-1941).\nM 167, 168, 171, 175, 188, 192, 215, 218, 231 may include Demolay Club.\nM 169 may include Industrial Surveys.\nM 170a may include Southern Collegian Magazine (1931).\nM 171 may include The Tin Horn (Co-Ed Yearbook, 1929-1931).\nM 176 may include VPI Skipper (Student Humor Magazine).\nM 179a, 180, 181 may include Landscape Design School (Short Course).\nM 180, 205 may include Mccormick, Cyrus Hall Centennial Celebration (1931).\nM 186, 225 may include American Country Life Association.\nM 188, 203 may include Chemistry, Dept. Of.\nM 189 may include Southern Colonels (Dance Orchestra).\nM 190 may include Roadside Landscaping.\nM 191 may include Lutheran Students' Association (Of America).\nM 195 may include Scorpions Club.\nM 196, 198, 219 may include Rifle Team.\nM 199 may include Prohibition Poll.\nM 203 may include Church Attendance.\nM 205 may include Lonesome Pine Club, Northern Neck Club, and Richmond Club.\nM 208 may include Pittsylvania Club.\nM 212 may include Rappahannock Valley Club and Roanoke Club.\nM 214, 216, 227 may include Swimming Pool.\nM 215, 230 may include Baptist Student Convention.\nM 214, 216, 227 may include Swimming Pool.\nM 215, 230 may include Baptist Student Convention.\nM 220 may include Athletic Department (Formerly Athletic Association).\nM 222, 231, 270 may include Depression \u0026 Recovery.\nM 223 may include Bachelor's Club.\nM 228, 239 may include Beer Licenses.\nM 230 may include American Legion.\nM 230, 231 may include Civil Works Project.\nM 230, 232, 240, 242, 285 may include Rescue Squad.\nM 231, 237, 239, 262, 276 may include Buildings - Utilities Building.\nM 234 may include Omicron Delta Kappa (Leadership Fraternity), Alpha Omicron Circle.\nM 234, 236, 236a may include Virginia Association Of International Relations.\nM 237 may include Cancer Research.\nM 241 may include Buildings - Faculty Center.\nM 241, 244, 245 may include Virginia Library Association.\nM 241, 258, 262 may include Federal Emergency Relief Administration.\nM 245 may include Fire Brigade.\nM 258, 262 may include Merchant Marine Officers Training School.\nM 262 may include Reflecting Pool.\nM 268, 275 may include Birds (Study).\nM 275 may include Aeronautical Course.\nM 278 may include Guidon.\nM 295 may include Evening Classes.","M 323 may include American Institute Of Chemical Engineers.\nM 338 may include Street Lighting.\nM 352 may include Southern Conference.\nM 356 may include Cooking For Boys.\nM 363, 365 may include Nautical Training School.\nM 363, 387 may include Virginia Educational Association.\nM 382 may include Student Identification Cards.\nM 388 may include Post-Graduate Club.\nM 390 may include Building Layouts.\nM 404 may include Cooperatives.\nM 412, 414 may include League Of Virginia Counties.\nM 417 may include Quadrangle.","M 433, 434 may include Mining Bureau.\nM 433, 449, 453, 456, 457, 458, 459, 460, 461, 465, 466, 467, 481, 488, 489, 523 may include World War Ii.\nM 438, 439, 441 may include Training Plane.\nM 438, 443, 452, 459, 470, 483, 485 may include Works Progress Administration (Wpa).\nM 443 may include Association Of College Libraries Of Southwest Virginia.\nM 452 may include Buildings - Seitz Hall (Agricultural Engineering Building).\nM 481 may include Keramos and Rankine, William J. M.\nM 490 may include William \u0026 Mary, College Of.\nM 493 may include Recruiting (Military).\nM 513, 519 may include Water Shortage.\nM 520 may include American Institute Of Architects.","M 579, 585 may include Nursery School-VPI.\nM 641 may include Napoleonana Collection.\nM 658, 660, 677, 691, 693 may include Sewage Disposal Plant.","M 709 may include Buildings - R.O.T.C Building (Building 364).\nM 710, 757-760, 763, 771-772 may include Mall.\nM 723 may include Buildings - Mining Engineering Building.\nM 726, 727, 734, 735, 745, 746, 746a, 804 may include Buildings - Femoyer Hall, Monteith Hall, and Thomas Hall.\nM 735, 738, 739, 742, 755, 756, 804, 810 may include Buildings - Smyth Hall (Formerly Known As Natural Science Building).\nM 737, 741 may include Piedmont Research Laboratory (Charlottesville).\nM 738 may include Tomato Clubs.\nM 738, 739, 802, 804, 810 may include Buildings - Agnew Hall.\nM 738, 739, 804, 810 may include Buildings - Price Hall (\"Old Aggie\").\nM 746 may include Winchester Research Laboratory.\nM 752, 786, 794, 780, 781, 785 may include Buildings - Library (Old Chapel Building) (Burned).\nM 755, 756, 757 may include Buildings - Dairy Barn.\nM 757 may include Bear (Wanders Through Campus).\nM 758 may include War Memorial Chapel.\nM 773, 774 may include Radio Station - WUVT.\nM 785, 802 may include Buildings - Lane Hall.\nM 785, 804 may include Buildings - Campbell Hall (West Stone Dorm).\nM 807, 812 may include Buildings - Athletic Plant.\nM 810 may include Buildings - Hutcheson Hall (Formerly New Agricultural Hall) and Performing Arts \u0026 Communications Building (Ymca Building, 1899-1936; Old Military Building, 1937-1966; Student Personnel Building, 1966-1972).\nM 815 may include Motion Picture Unit At VPI.","M 829 may include Racial \u0026 Ethnic Minorities (Campus).\nM 835-837, 870 may include Buildings - Pamplin Hall (Commerce Hall 2).\nM 862 may include Buildings - Barns.\nM 868 no. 8 may include Cornerstone Markers (Old Commerce Hall).\nM 881 may include Computing Center.\nM 882, 883 may include Buildings - Swine Center.\nM 886 may include Agriculture \u0026 Life Sciences, College Of - Veterinary Science.\nM 890 may include Mccormick, Cyrus Hall.\nM 890, 892 may include Buildings - Norris Hall.\nM 894, 895 may include Name Change.","Mla 31 may include Colors, V.P.I. (Orange \u0026 Maroon).\nMla 88 may include \"GOBBLERS\" (nickname).","Mla 367 may include Yells-VPI.","Mo 13, 17z may include Rankine, William J. M.\nMo 15, 16 may include Student Government Association.\nMo 20z73, 23 may include Sigma Mu Sigma (National College Masonic Service Fraternity).","Mo 1 may include Lee Literary Society.","Mo 1a, 1b, 1c, 1c1, 1c2, 1d may include Maury Literary Society.","Mo 2 may include Christian Science Organization.","Mo 3 may include Fraternities \u0026 Sororities--Social.\nMo 3a may include Kappa Sigma.\nMo 3b may include Sigma Alpha.\nMo 3b, 3d may include Pi Kappa Alpha (Social Fraternity).\nMo 3c may include Alpha Phi.\nMo 3c no. 2 may include Beta Theta Pi (Social Fraternity).","Mo 4 may include Music Groups and Tech Minstrels.","Mo 4m may include Songs Of VPI Incl. Moonlight \u0026 VPI, Tech Triumph, Ut Prosim.","Mo 6 may include Apple Club; Black Diamond Club; City, County \u0026 Sectional Clubs; Lonesome Pine Club; Lynchburg Club; Northern Neck Club; Peanut Club; Pittsylvania Club; Richmond Club; Roanoke Club; and Shenandoah Valley Club.","Mo 7 may include Tech Players and Thespian Club.","Mo 8 may include Virgnia Polytechnic Societies.","Mo 11 may include Student Publications.","Mo 16 may include Honor System.","Mo 16m, 16r may include Highty-Tighties.\nMo 16p may include Kohler Trophy.\nMo 16s may include Company B, Corps Of Cadets.","Mo 17z, 31-33, 55, 56, 57, 62, 65, 66, 68, 71, 72 may include War Memorial Chapel.","Mo 17g, 17m, 17L may include Buildings - War Memorial Gymnasium.\nMo 17h, 17g may include Buildings - Alumni Building.\nMo 17s3, 17s5, 17s7 may include Buildings - Miles Stadium, 1926-1964.\nMo 17t may include V.P.I. Alumnus.\nMo 17z29 may include Campus Development Plan.\nMo 17z31 may include Victory Reunion (1946).","Mo 17z101 may include Carillon.","Mo 20 may include Fraternities--Honorary.\nMo 20c, 20f, 20t, 20v, 20w, 20x, 20z, 20z12, 20z40, 20z76, 20z96 may include Sigma Xi (Honorary Faculty Research Society).\nMo 20g, 20o, 20w, 20y, 20z, 20z40 may include Pi Delta Epsilon (Journalism Honorary).\nMo 20j, 20m, 20o, 20t, 20w, 20x, 20z, 20zl, 20z3, 20z5, 20z95, 20z19, 20z94 may include Omicron Delta Kappa (Leadership Fraternity), Alpha Omicron Circle.\nMo 20q, 20s, 20z5, 20z71 may include Alpha Kappa Psi (Professional Business Fraternity).\nMo 20z22, 20z23, 20z32, 20z9, 20z70 may include Gregory Guard.","Mo 20, 20d, 20g2, 20h, 20p, 20r, 20w, 20y, 20zl, 20z2, 20z5, 20z6 may include Phi Kappa Phi (Scholarship Honorary).\nMo 20d, 20e, 20f, 20m, 20s may include Alpha Zeta (National Agriculture Society).\nMo 20e may include Scorpions Club.\nMo 20f, 20g may include Beta Tau Epsilon (Engineering).\nMo 20f, 20p, 20z, 20zl, 20z3 may include Phi Lambda Upsilon (Chemistry Honorary).\nMo 20g, 20h, 20j, 20p, 20q, 20r, 20u, 20x, 20z, 20z2, 20z11 may include Tau Beta Pi (Engineering Honorary).\nMo 20g2 may include Theta Epsilon Theta (Research Honorary Society).\nMo 20h may include Phi Gamma Nu.\nMo 20h, 20w, 20z2, 20z6, 20z7 may include Sigma Delta Psi (Athletic Honorary).\nMo 20m, 20n, 20t, 20z, 20z3, 20z6, 20z8 may include Scabbard \u0026 Blade (Honorary Military Society).\nMo 20w, 20x, 20z1, 20z3 may include Pi Tau Sigma (National Honorary, Mechanical Engineering).\nMo 20w, 20z, 20z1 may include Eta Kappa Nu (Ee Honorary).\nMo 20z may include Keramos.\nMo 20z, z2, z3 may include Chi Epsilon (Civil Engineering Honorary).\nMo 20z1 may include Alpha Sigma Mu (Metallurgical Engineering Fraternity).","Mo 20z28, 20z29 may include Sigma Pi Sigma.\nMo 20z27 may include Phi Sigma Society (Biological Sciences Honorary).\nMo 20z48 may include Pi Omega Pi (Business Education Honorary).\nMo 20z60 may include Alpha Phi Omega (National Service Fraternity).","Mo 22 may include American Society Of Agricultural Engineers and Four-H Alumni Club.\nMo 22b, 22c, 22d, 22e, 22g may include Agronomy Club.","Mo 24 may include \"Skippers\".","Mo27 may include Dairy Science Club (American Dairy Science Association).","Mo 33 may include Chemical Club.","Mo 34 may include Industrial Arts Education Club.","Mo 35 may include Baptist Student Union, Religious Activities, and Wesley Foundation.","Mo 37 may include Engineers and Engineering Exposition.","Mo 42 may include Blacksburg Naval Reserve Research Unit.","Mo 49 may include Circle K (Student Organizatons - Service).","Mo 50 may include Apollo Club (Weightlifting Club, 1954).","Mo 52 may include Aeronautical Clubs - American Institute Of Aeronautics; American Institute Aeronautical Science; American Institute Of Aeronautics \u0026 Astronautics.","Mo 54 may include Burkhart Mining Society.","Mo 60 may include Holden Society (Student Geological Organization).","Mo 61 may include Amateur Radio Association.","Mo 64 may include Chinese Student Association.","Mo 65 may include Distributive Education, Curriculum In.","Mo 67 may include Virginia Educational Association.","Mp 7 may include Rison Bill.\nMp 54 may include Buildings - Burruss Hall.","Mp 164 may include Name Change.","Mra may include Radford University.","Mst may include Cadet Scandal and Student Unrest / Troubles / Protests.","AB may include Athletics - Track \u0026 Field.","ABB may include Athletics - Wrestling.","AF may include Scrub Football Team.\nAF 1914c may include Songs Of VPI Incl. Moonlight \u0026 VPI, Tech Triumph, Ut Prosim.\nAF 1919s may include Silent Drill Company.\nAF 1922L may include Maury Literary Society.\nAF 1923z3 may include Monogram Club and Buildings - Field House (1914) (Burned).\nAF 1922z11 may include Dope Book (VPI - Vmi History).\nAF 1924 may include Athletic Department (Formerly Athletic Association).\nAF 1955 may include Sword (Ceremonial; VPI-VMI Game).\nAF 1959z10 may include Television (1959 Homecoming Game - A \"First\").","AG may include Athletics - Intra-Murals; Athletics - Women'S Sports; Athletics, Miscellaneous (Including \"Minor\", Unlisted Sports); and Miscellaneous Sports.","AG 1, 5 may include Athletic Department (Formerly Athletic Association).\nAG 5, 6 may include Southern Conference.\nAG 5, 6 may include Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association.\nAG 11 may include Buildings - Miles Stadium, 1926-1964.","AT may include Athletics - Track \u0026 Field.\nAT 1900, 1903, 1920c may include Field Day.","Mu may include Buildings - University Club Building (Residence).","MW 14, 23, 34, 27, 37, 53 may include Lakes \u0026 Ponds.","W la, 7a, 7c may include American Red Cross.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","In general, the Virginia Tech and Local History Mounted Clippings include newspaper clippings, photocopies, ephermera, unpublished and/or informal publications, and other papers relating to a specific subject area. Files in this collection relate to Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, and the activities of members of the community or university. The collection was primarily collected by library staff through the 1960s.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (1872-1896)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["VerticalFile.006"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Virginia Tech and Local History Mounted Clippings"],"collection_title_tesim":["Virginia Tech and Local History Mounted Clippings"],"collection_ssim":["Virginia Tech and Local History Mounted Clippings"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["Blacksburg (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Blacksburg (Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Blacksburg (Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Newman Library staff collected materials for mounted clippings through the 1960s."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Montgomery County (Va.)","University History"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Montgomery County (Va.)","University History"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["64 Cubic Feet 147 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["64 Cubic Feet 147 boxes"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMounted Clippings are arranged by subject, primarily alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Mounted Clippings are arranged by subject, primarily alphabetically."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Virginia Tech and Local History Mounted Clippings by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-%20work/public-domain/cc0/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Virginia Tech and Local History Mounted Clippings by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [number of card], Virginia Tech and Local History Mounted Clippings, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [number of card], Virginia Tech and Local History Mounted Clippings, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description was completed by Special Collections staff prior to 2015. The finding aid was completed in August 2015. The re-integration of Mo56a-i, Association of Married Students was completed in October 2019.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description was completed by Special Collections staff prior to 2015. The finding aid was completed in August 2015. The re-integration of Mo56a-i, Association of Married Students was completed in October 2019."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003clist\u003e\n\u003chead\u003eSee also Vertical Files (successors to the mounted clippings):\u003c/head\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vt/viblbv01185.xml\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eBiographical Vertical Files\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vt/viblbv01042.xml\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eBlacksburg Vertical Files\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vt/viblbv01043.xml\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eMontgomery County/Christiansburg Vertical Files\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vt/viblbv01186.xml\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eRecord Group Vertical Files\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vt/viblbv01044.xml\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSouthwest Virginia Vertical Files\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Archival Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See also Vertical Files (successors to the mounted clippings): Biographical Vertical Files Blacksburg Vertical Files Montgomery County/Christiansburg Vertical Files Record Group Vertical Files Southwest Virginia Vertical Files"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["In general, the Virginia Tech and Local History Mounted Clippings include newspaper clippings, photocopies, ephermera, unpublished and/or informal publications, and other papers relating to a specific subject area. Files in this collection relate to Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, and the activities of members of the community or university.","Ma may include Agricultural Conference Board and Institute Of Rural Affairs.","Ma 1 may include Agricultural Experiment Station \u0026 Field Research Stations.\nMa 1, 5, 6, 10, 11, 15, 16 may include Farmers' Institute.\nMa 3 may include Corn Day Short Course.\nMa 5, 18, 19, 29 may include Farmer'S Winter Short Course.\nMa 11, 24 may include Dairy Cattle At V.P.I.\nMa 18 may include Planters Club.\nMa 19 may include Pure-Bred Sire Campaign.\nMa 22 may include Agriculture \u0026 Life Sciences, College Of - Poultry Science.\nMa 22 may include Boys \u0026 Girls Short Course.\nMa 23 may include Virginia Aberdeen Angus Breeders' Association.\nMa 23, 24, 59, 61 may include Horticulture Club.\nMa 25, 28 may include Corn Score Card.\nMa 28 may include Dairy Science Club (American Dairy Science Association; Incl. Dairy Clubs).\nMa 30, 65 may include Hoof \u0026 Horn Club.\nMa 61 may include American Society Of Agricultural Engineers.\nMa 65 may include Little International Livestock Show.","Ma 221, 223-233, 239 may include Mccormick, Cyrus Hall Centennial Celebration (1931).\nMa 222, 224, 226-228, 259, 262, 264 may include Institute Of Rural Affairs.\nM 309 may include Alumni Gate.","MAAg 355 may include Jamestown Centennial Festival (VPI Horticulturists Plant Indian Tobacco).","MAEc 8, 264 may include Virginia Summer School For Town \u0026 Country Ministers.","MAHr 223 may include Weather.","MAIn 85, 86 may include Buildings - Hutcheson Hall (Formerly New Agricultural Hall).","MAM 177, 177a, 835, 208, 230a may include Institute Of Rural Affairs.\nMAM 198, 199, 203-206, 212, 215, 251, 254-260 may include Mccormick, Cyrus Hall.\nMAM 203, 207, 211, 1957 may include Motion Picture Unit At VPI.","MAM 264 may include Atoms (Film By VPI \"Infant Giant\").","Mar O1 may include \"Pot Pourri\".","Masb 22 may include High School Science Teachers Summer Institute.\nMasb 23 may include Conservation Short Course.","MAV may include Future Farmers Of America.","Mbl may include Community Concert Association and Earthquakes.\nMbl 1a, 2, 4, 417, 472, 473, 1438, 1441, 1445, 1564, 1592, 1603 may include \"Huckleberry\".\nMbl 5, 1206-1207 may include Norfolk \u0026 Western Railroad.\nMbl 1052, 1054, 1189 may include Future Farmers Of America.","Mbl 4 may include Sham Battle.\nMbl 5 may include American Red Cross.\nMbl 9 may include \"Solitude\".","Mbl 77 may include Lakes \u0026 Ponds.","Mbl 1206 may include Lybrook Row.","Mcv may include Mall and President's Home.","Mcv 96 may include Doorways - V.P.I. Buildings.\nMcv 99 may include Lakes \u0026 Ponds.","Mcv 130 may include Buildings - R.O.T.C Building (Building 364).","Mfi 18 may include Sham Battle.\nMfi 23 may include Athletic Department (Formerly Athletic Association);  Hoof \u0026 Horn Club; and Masons.","Mfi 74 may include Freshmen.\nMfi 120, 149, 151, 157 may include Kohler Trophy.","Mcon may include Community Concert Association.","Mco 4, 7 may include Agriculture \u0026 Life Sciences, College Of - Poultry Science.","Mco 57 may include Russian Language Course.","Mda 2 may include Lynchburg Club.\nMda 29 may include Songs Of VPI Incl. Moonlight \u0026 VPI, Tech Triumph, Ut Prosim.","Mde may include Accidents And Deaths.","Mde 6 may include Highty-Tighties.","Mde 28 may include Engineering, Metallurgical.","Mdev may include Agriculture \u0026 Life Sciences, College Of - Horticulture; Campus Development Plan; and \"Pre-Centennial Development Program\".","Mdev 7 may include Arboretum (Sculpture).","Med 8-12, 17 may include Mccormick, Cyrus Hall.","Me may include Engineering, College Of, and Geology.","Me 9 may include Buildings - Davidson Hall (Chemical Engineering).\nMe 12 may include Airport (Officially Opened In 1939).\nMe 72 may include Mall.","Menr may include Freshmen and Orientation.","Mext may include Branch Colleges Of VPI.","Mf 29 may include Wine Faculty Achievement Award.","Mf 360, 416 may include Buildings - Seitz Hall (Agricultural Engineering Building).","ML 1 may include Loans To Students.\nML 2, 3, 4, 5 may include Rison Bill.\nML 4 may include Engineering Experiment Station.\nML 7, 8, 9, 10 may include Bonds, V.P.I. (To Finance Building Of War Memorial Hall).","Mm may include Uniforms, Military, Armistice Day, Corps Of Cadets, and  Military Organizations.\nMm 3, 7, 7c, 15, 135 may include Highty-Tighties.\nMm 42, 43, 63, 72, 94, 105, 116, 124, 130, 132, 159, 164 may include Kohler Trophy.","Mm 14, 16 may include Inspection, Military.","Mm 21, 22, 23, 24 may include Foch Celebration.\nMM 78 may include Air R.O.T.C.\nMm 92 may include World War I and World War Ii.","M may include Armistice Day; Art, Dept. Of; Arts \u0026 Sciences, College Of [Obsolete]; Class Of (Different Years); Concerts \u0026 Plays (Not VPI); Conferences, Seminars, Workshops (Off-Campus); Conferences, Seminars, Workshops (On-Campus); Engineering Exposition; Engineering, College Of; Enrollment \u0026 Registration; Highty-Tighties; Horse Show; and Snow Battle.\nM 10, 119, 802 may include Faculty.\nM 10, 123, 171 may include Engineering Experiment Station.\nM 22, 54, 103, 104, 236, 245 may include Fires--On Campus.\nM 23, 24, 26a, 103, 104 may include Buildings - Field House (1914) (Burned).\nM 23, 31, 785, 804, 810 may include Buildings - Mcbryde Building Of Mechanic Arts (The Shops).\nM 23, 245, 805, 862 may include Trees--V.P.I. Campus.\nM 24, 26, 29, 115, 166, 170a, 195, 214, 218, 222 may include Science Club Obsolete.\nM 25, 31, 112, 118, 120 may include Maury Literary Society.\nM 26, 28, 73 may include Farmer's Winter Short Course.\nM 26, 85, 120, 511 may include Inspection, Military.\nM 29, 30, 134, 135 may include Grounds (Buildings \u0026).\nM 31, 40, 95, 99, 113, 115, 132, 215, 236, 240, 241, 242 may include Rat System.\nM 31, 46, 263 may include Gitt, William G. (\"Uncle Bill\").\nM 54, 113 may include World War I.\nM 66, 69, 70, 534 may include Songs Of VPI Incl. Moonlight \u0026 VPI, Tech Triumph, Ut Prosim.\nM 71, 738, 759 may include Masons.\nM 74, 233, 234 may include Student Volunteer Movement.\nM 77, 134, 139, 275, 369, 371 may include Course Of Study.\nM 82, 87-89, 134, 157, 226 may include Norfolk \u0026 Western Railroad.\nM 82, 125, 129, 153, 517 may include American Society Of Mechanical Engineers (Asme).\nM 93, 224, 489 may include American Society Of Agricultural Engineers.\nM 97, 107a, 113, 120, 121, 123, 131, 773, 774 may include Buildings - War Memorial Gymnasium.\nM 102, 167, 203 may include Chemical Club / Chemistry Club.\nM 109, 116, 276 may include Home Demonstration.\nM 111, 113, 133, 134, 148, 718, 722, 723, 807 may include Buildings - Miles Stadium, 1926-1964.\nM 115, 116, 135, 138, 148, 139, 785, 804, 810 may include Buildings - Patton Hall.\nM 115, 168 may include Shenandoah Valley Club.\nM 122, 182 may include Fertilizer Short Course School M 122, 182.\nM 125, 178, 240, 193 may include Athletic Department (Formerly Athletic Association).\nM 127, 138, 176, 194a, 214, 236 may include American Chemical Society (Student Affiliate).\nM 128, 222, 339, 340, 442 may include Virginia Social Science Association.\nM 130, 394, 495, 513, 514 may include American Red Cross.\nM 131, 210, 786, 810, 837 may include Buildings - Academic Buildings 1 \u0026 2.\nM 134, 148, 149, 160, 182, 184, 185, 195, 238, 273, 276, 278, 318, 331, 438, 447, 464, 465, 470, 471, 481, 498, 849 may include Airport (Officially Opened In 1939).\nM 135, 293 may include Stroubles Creek (Strubbles Creek).\nM 135, 330, 356, 398 may include Educators' Conference.\nM 136, 726, 11/1, 18, 31, 152 may include Dining Halls.\nM 138, 148, 738, 739, 755, 757, 763, 802 may include Buildings - Henderson Hall (Infirmary).\nM 140, 141, 147-149, 225, 326, 329, 508 may include Geology.\nM 140, 149, 835 may include Buildings - Power Plant.\nM 140, 312, 460 may include Rural Electrification Short Course.\nM 150, 223, 350, 382, 462, 464 may include Freshmen.\nM 151, 171, 380, 811 may include Quarries.\nM 151, 176 may include Lynchburg Club.\nM 151, 314, 516 may include Lakes \u0026 Ponds.\nM 154-1930 to M 347-1937 may include Rural Minister's Short Course.\nM 155, 455, 504, 153 may include Virginia Associated Plumbing, Heating, Contractors.\nM 157, 160, 738, 739, 802, 804, 810 may include Buildings - Saunders Hall (Dairy Science).\nM 160, 165 may include Engineering, Ceramic.\nM 161, 163, 173, 179, 189, 203, 337 (Civilian Students Union) may include Student Government Association.\nM 161, 170, 174 may include Soil Survey (Virginia).\nM 164, 165, 191, 324 may include Thanksgiving Game.\nM 173, 267, 309, 390, 433, 436, 610 may include Weather.\nM 174, 186, 187, 275, 448 may include Engineering, College Of.\nM 179a, 416 may include Noell Act.\nM 209, 709, 785, 804, 810, 825, 826, 126, 208 may include Buildings - Davidson Hall (Chemical Engineering).\nM 220, 223, 397 may include Future Farmers Of America.\nM 225, 239, 351, 458, 467 may include Home Economics, College Of (Human Resources).\nM 232, 517, 220, 224 may include Engineering, Metallurgical.\nM 235, 389 may include Engineering, Chemical.\nM 271, 886 may include Biology, Dept. Of.\nM 282a, 312 may include Out-Of-School Youth.\nM 295, 352 may include Graham Plan (Re: Athletic Aid).\nM 376, 390, 393, 394, 413, 417, 424, 714, 727, 785, 786, 804, 810, 887, 890, 891 may include Buildings - Owens Dining Hall.\nM 393, 785, 786 may include Buildings - Eggleston Hall (East Stone Dorm).\nM 397, 835a may include Institute Of Rural Affairs.\nM 407, 481 may include Sigma Xi (Honorary Faculty Research Society).\nM 443, 693 may include Treasury, V.P.I.\nM 452, 738, 739, 804, 810 may include Buildings - Holden Hall.\nM 458, 463, 468, 469, 810 may include Buildings - Hillcrest (\"Skirt Barn\").\nM 467, 483, 487, 488, 854, 223 may include Boycotts.\nM 548, 568 may include Cave Club.\nM 637, 835, 836, 837, 844 may include Buildings - Dormitories.\nM 660, 772, 773, 776, 781, 785, 786, 792, 794, 796, 796a, 804, 810, 878 may include Buildings - Williams Hall.\nM 690, 714, 731, 745, 746 may include Rad-Tech.\nM 755, 756, 763, 882, 883, 890 may include Buildings - Greenhouse (Dept. Of Horticulture).\nM 760, 761, 781, 782, 785, 791, 794, 796, 796a, 804, 810, 835, 882, 883, 886, 878, 881 may include Buildings - Randolph Hall.\nM 760, 772, 774, 835 may include Buildings - Meat \u0026 Processing Lab.\nM 780, 792, 805, 807, 824, 835 may include Buildings - Livestock \u0026 Poultry Disease Lab.\nM 785, 802, 835, 837 may include Buildings - Rasche Hall.\nM 785, 802, 879 may include Buildings - Brodie Hall and Shanks Hall (No. 4 \u0026 No. 7 Barracks United).\nM 787, 788, 794, 796, 797, 799-801, 804, 806, 810, 811, 819, 820, 823, 824, 827, 830, 832-834, 834a, 835-836 may include Buildings - Library - Carol M. Newman Library.\nM 810, 815, 868 may include Buildings - Commencement Hall (Old Commerce Hall).\nM 810, 835 may include Buildings - Seitz Hall (Agricultural Engineering Building).\nM 880-887, 890, 893, 738, 739, 804, 810 may include Buildings - Robeson Hall.","M 12 may include Christmas Card V.P.I. and Class Ticket.\nM 17a may include Virginia Agricultural \u0026 Mechanical College (Vamc).\nM 20 may include Pulaski Club.\nM 22, 37 may include Buildings - Preston \u0026 Olin Buildings.\nM 23, 24 may include Septic Tank.\nM 30 may include Little International Livestock Show.\nM 55, 76 may include Hikes - Corps.","M 68, 69, 78, 109, 123, 137, 139 may include Farmers' Institute.\nM 73 may include Buildings - Alumni Building.\nM 80, 137 may include Dismissal.\nM 81, 82, 92, 129 may include American Society Of Civil Engineers.\nM 88 may include Buildings - Hutcheson Hall (Formerly New Agricultural Hall).\nM 94 may include Techgram.\nM 95 may include Mail Service (Campus).\nM 95, 96, 97, 108 may include Fires--Fought Off Campus.\nM 108, 155 may include May Day.\nM 115, 117 may include Buildings - University Club Building (Residence).\nM 116 may include Agriculture \u0026 Life Sciences, College Of - Horticulture.\nM 116, 117, 120 may include University Club.\nM 117-118 may include Agriculture \u0026 Life Sciences, College Of - Dairy Short Course.\nM 118 may include State Crop Pest Commission.\nM 122, 137, 154 may include Electric Meterman's Short Course.\nM 123 may include Hunt House.\nM 125 may include Agricultural Students' Honorary Council.\nM 130 may include United Daughters Of The Confederacy, 1927 Meeting At VPI.\nM 132 may include Coal.\nM 138, 139 may include Male Chorus At VPI.\nM 153 may include Publications, V.P.I.; Sham Battle; and Wine Scholarship.\nM 153, 154, 155 may include Engineer's Day.\nM 157 may include Buildings - Print Shop (Old M. E. Laboratory).","M 166, 196, 201, 218, 224 may include \"Technical Topics\" (1931-1941).\nM 167, 168, 171, 175, 188, 192, 215, 218, 231 may include Demolay Club.\nM 169 may include Industrial Surveys.\nM 170a may include Southern Collegian Magazine (1931).\nM 171 may include The Tin Horn (Co-Ed Yearbook, 1929-1931).\nM 176 may include VPI Skipper (Student Humor Magazine).\nM 179a, 180, 181 may include Landscape Design School (Short Course).\nM 180, 205 may include Mccormick, Cyrus Hall Centennial Celebration (1931).\nM 186, 225 may include American Country Life Association.\nM 188, 203 may include Chemistry, Dept. Of.\nM 189 may include Southern Colonels (Dance Orchestra).\nM 190 may include Roadside Landscaping.\nM 191 may include Lutheran Students' Association (Of America).\nM 195 may include Scorpions Club.\nM 196, 198, 219 may include Rifle Team.\nM 199 may include Prohibition Poll.\nM 203 may include Church Attendance.\nM 205 may include Lonesome Pine Club, Northern Neck Club, and Richmond Club.\nM 208 may include Pittsylvania Club.\nM 212 may include Rappahannock Valley Club and Roanoke Club.\nM 214, 216, 227 may include Swimming Pool.\nM 215, 230 may include Baptist Student Convention.\nM 214, 216, 227 may include Swimming Pool.\nM 215, 230 may include Baptist Student Convention.\nM 220 may include Athletic Department (Formerly Athletic Association).\nM 222, 231, 270 may include Depression \u0026 Recovery.\nM 223 may include Bachelor's Club.\nM 228, 239 may include Beer Licenses.\nM 230 may include American Legion.\nM 230, 231 may include Civil Works Project.\nM 230, 232, 240, 242, 285 may include Rescue Squad.\nM 231, 237, 239, 262, 276 may include Buildings - Utilities Building.\nM 234 may include Omicron Delta Kappa (Leadership Fraternity), Alpha Omicron Circle.\nM 234, 236, 236a may include Virginia Association Of International Relations.\nM 237 may include Cancer Research.\nM 241 may include Buildings - Faculty Center.\nM 241, 244, 245 may include Virginia Library Association.\nM 241, 258, 262 may include Federal Emergency Relief Administration.\nM 245 may include Fire Brigade.\nM 258, 262 may include Merchant Marine Officers Training School.\nM 262 may include Reflecting Pool.\nM 268, 275 may include Birds (Study).\nM 275 may include Aeronautical Course.\nM 278 may include Guidon.\nM 295 may include Evening Classes.","M 323 may include American Institute Of Chemical Engineers.\nM 338 may include Street Lighting.\nM 352 may include Southern Conference.\nM 356 may include Cooking For Boys.\nM 363, 365 may include Nautical Training School.\nM 363, 387 may include Virginia Educational Association.\nM 382 may include Student Identification Cards.\nM 388 may include Post-Graduate Club.\nM 390 may include Building Layouts.\nM 404 may include Cooperatives.\nM 412, 414 may include League Of Virginia Counties.\nM 417 may include Quadrangle.","M 433, 434 may include Mining Bureau.\nM 433, 449, 453, 456, 457, 458, 459, 460, 461, 465, 466, 467, 481, 488, 489, 523 may include World War Ii.\nM 438, 439, 441 may include Training Plane.\nM 438, 443, 452, 459, 470, 483, 485 may include Works Progress Administration (Wpa).\nM 443 may include Association Of College Libraries Of Southwest Virginia.\nM 452 may include Buildings - Seitz Hall (Agricultural Engineering Building).\nM 481 may include Keramos and Rankine, William J. M.\nM 490 may include William \u0026 Mary, College Of.\nM 493 may include Recruiting (Military).\nM 513, 519 may include Water Shortage.\nM 520 may include American Institute Of Architects.","M 579, 585 may include Nursery School-VPI.\nM 641 may include Napoleonana Collection.\nM 658, 660, 677, 691, 693 may include Sewage Disposal Plant.","M 709 may include Buildings - R.O.T.C Building (Building 364).\nM 710, 757-760, 763, 771-772 may include Mall.\nM 723 may include Buildings - Mining Engineering Building.\nM 726, 727, 734, 735, 745, 746, 746a, 804 may include Buildings - Femoyer Hall, Monteith Hall, and Thomas Hall.\nM 735, 738, 739, 742, 755, 756, 804, 810 may include Buildings - Smyth Hall (Formerly Known As Natural Science Building).\nM 737, 741 may include Piedmont Research Laboratory (Charlottesville).\nM 738 may include Tomato Clubs.\nM 738, 739, 802, 804, 810 may include Buildings - Agnew Hall.\nM 738, 739, 804, 810 may include Buildings - Price Hall (\"Old Aggie\").\nM 746 may include Winchester Research Laboratory.\nM 752, 786, 794, 780, 781, 785 may include Buildings - Library (Old Chapel Building) (Burned).\nM 755, 756, 757 may include Buildings - Dairy Barn.\nM 757 may include Bear (Wanders Through Campus).\nM 758 may include War Memorial Chapel.\nM 773, 774 may include Radio Station - WUVT.\nM 785, 802 may include Buildings - Lane Hall.\nM 785, 804 may include Buildings - Campbell Hall (West Stone Dorm).\nM 807, 812 may include Buildings - Athletic Plant.\nM 810 may include Buildings - Hutcheson Hall (Formerly New Agricultural Hall) and Performing Arts \u0026 Communications Building (Ymca Building, 1899-1936; Old Military Building, 1937-1966; Student Personnel Building, 1966-1972).\nM 815 may include Motion Picture Unit At VPI.","M 829 may include Racial \u0026 Ethnic Minorities (Campus).\nM 835-837, 870 may include Buildings - Pamplin Hall (Commerce Hall 2).\nM 862 may include Buildings - Barns.\nM 868 no. 8 may include Cornerstone Markers (Old Commerce Hall).\nM 881 may include Computing Center.\nM 882, 883 may include Buildings - Swine Center.\nM 886 may include Agriculture \u0026 Life Sciences, College Of - Veterinary Science.\nM 890 may include Mccormick, Cyrus Hall.\nM 890, 892 may include Buildings - Norris Hall.\nM 894, 895 may include Name Change.","Mla 31 may include Colors, V.P.I. (Orange \u0026 Maroon).\nMla 88 may include \"GOBBLERS\" (nickname).","Mla 367 may include Yells-VPI.","Mo 13, 17z may include Rankine, William J. M.\nMo 15, 16 may include Student Government Association.\nMo 20z73, 23 may include Sigma Mu Sigma (National College Masonic Service Fraternity).","Mo 1 may include Lee Literary Society.","Mo 1a, 1b, 1c, 1c1, 1c2, 1d may include Maury Literary Society.","Mo 2 may include Christian Science Organization.","Mo 3 may include Fraternities \u0026 Sororities--Social.\nMo 3a may include Kappa Sigma.\nMo 3b may include Sigma Alpha.\nMo 3b, 3d may include Pi Kappa Alpha (Social Fraternity).\nMo 3c may include Alpha Phi.\nMo 3c no. 2 may include Beta Theta Pi (Social Fraternity).","Mo 4 may include Music Groups and Tech Minstrels.","Mo 4m may include Songs Of VPI Incl. Moonlight \u0026 VPI, Tech Triumph, Ut Prosim.","Mo 6 may include Apple Club; Black Diamond Club; City, County \u0026 Sectional Clubs; Lonesome Pine Club; Lynchburg Club; Northern Neck Club; Peanut Club; Pittsylvania Club; Richmond Club; Roanoke Club; and Shenandoah Valley Club.","Mo 7 may include Tech Players and Thespian Club.","Mo 8 may include Virgnia Polytechnic Societies.","Mo 11 may include Student Publications.","Mo 16 may include Honor System.","Mo 16m, 16r may include Highty-Tighties.\nMo 16p may include Kohler Trophy.\nMo 16s may include Company B, Corps Of Cadets.","Mo 17z, 31-33, 55, 56, 57, 62, 65, 66, 68, 71, 72 may include War Memorial Chapel.","Mo 17g, 17m, 17L may include Buildings - War Memorial Gymnasium.\nMo 17h, 17g may include Buildings - Alumni Building.\nMo 17s3, 17s5, 17s7 may include Buildings - Miles Stadium, 1926-1964.\nMo 17t may include V.P.I. Alumnus.\nMo 17z29 may include Campus Development Plan.\nMo 17z31 may include Victory Reunion (1946).","Mo 17z101 may include Carillon.","Mo 20 may include Fraternities--Honorary.\nMo 20c, 20f, 20t, 20v, 20w, 20x, 20z, 20z12, 20z40, 20z76, 20z96 may include Sigma Xi (Honorary Faculty Research Society).\nMo 20g, 20o, 20w, 20y, 20z, 20z40 may include Pi Delta Epsilon (Journalism Honorary).\nMo 20j, 20m, 20o, 20t, 20w, 20x, 20z, 20zl, 20z3, 20z5, 20z95, 20z19, 20z94 may include Omicron Delta Kappa (Leadership Fraternity), Alpha Omicron Circle.\nMo 20q, 20s, 20z5, 20z71 may include Alpha Kappa Psi (Professional Business Fraternity).\nMo 20z22, 20z23, 20z32, 20z9, 20z70 may include Gregory Guard.","Mo 20, 20d, 20g2, 20h, 20p, 20r, 20w, 20y, 20zl, 20z2, 20z5, 20z6 may include Phi Kappa Phi (Scholarship Honorary).\nMo 20d, 20e, 20f, 20m, 20s may include Alpha Zeta (National Agriculture Society).\nMo 20e may include Scorpions Club.\nMo 20f, 20g may include Beta Tau Epsilon (Engineering).\nMo 20f, 20p, 20z, 20zl, 20z3 may include Phi Lambda Upsilon (Chemistry Honorary).\nMo 20g, 20h, 20j, 20p, 20q, 20r, 20u, 20x, 20z, 20z2, 20z11 may include Tau Beta Pi (Engineering Honorary).\nMo 20g2 may include Theta Epsilon Theta (Research Honorary Society).\nMo 20h may include Phi Gamma Nu.\nMo 20h, 20w, 20z2, 20z6, 20z7 may include Sigma Delta Psi (Athletic Honorary).\nMo 20m, 20n, 20t, 20z, 20z3, 20z6, 20z8 may include Scabbard \u0026 Blade (Honorary Military Society).\nMo 20w, 20x, 20z1, 20z3 may include Pi Tau Sigma (National Honorary, Mechanical Engineering).\nMo 20w, 20z, 20z1 may include Eta Kappa Nu (Ee Honorary).\nMo 20z may include Keramos.\nMo 20z, z2, z3 may include Chi Epsilon (Civil Engineering Honorary).\nMo 20z1 may include Alpha Sigma Mu (Metallurgical Engineering Fraternity).","Mo 20z28, 20z29 may include Sigma Pi Sigma.\nMo 20z27 may include Phi Sigma Society (Biological Sciences Honorary).\nMo 20z48 may include Pi Omega Pi (Business Education Honorary).\nMo 20z60 may include Alpha Phi Omega (National Service Fraternity).","Mo 22 may include American Society Of Agricultural Engineers and Four-H Alumni Club.\nMo 22b, 22c, 22d, 22e, 22g may include Agronomy Club.","Mo 24 may include \"Skippers\".","Mo27 may include Dairy Science Club (American Dairy Science Association).","Mo 33 may include Chemical Club.","Mo 34 may include Industrial Arts Education Club.","Mo 35 may include Baptist Student Union, Religious Activities, and Wesley Foundation.","Mo 37 may include Engineers and Engineering Exposition.","Mo 42 may include Blacksburg Naval Reserve Research Unit.","Mo 49 may include Circle K (Student Organizatons - Service).","Mo 50 may include Apollo Club (Weightlifting Club, 1954).","Mo 52 may include Aeronautical Clubs - American Institute Of Aeronautics; American Institute Aeronautical Science; American Institute Of Aeronautics \u0026 Astronautics.","Mo 54 may include Burkhart Mining Society.","Mo 60 may include Holden Society (Student Geological Organization).","Mo 61 may include Amateur Radio Association.","Mo 64 may include Chinese Student Association.","Mo 65 may include Distributive Education, Curriculum In.","Mo 67 may include Virginia Educational Association.","Mp 7 may include Rison Bill.\nMp 54 may include Buildings - Burruss Hall.","Mp 164 may include Name Change.","Mra may include Radford University.","Mst may include Cadet Scandal and Student Unrest / Troubles / Protests.","AB may include Athletics - Track \u0026 Field.","ABB may include Athletics - Wrestling.","AF may include Scrub Football Team.\nAF 1914c may include Songs Of VPI Incl. Moonlight \u0026 VPI, Tech Triumph, Ut Prosim.\nAF 1919s may include Silent Drill Company.\nAF 1922L may include Maury Literary Society.\nAF 1923z3 may include Monogram Club and Buildings - Field House (1914) (Burned).\nAF 1922z11 may include Dope Book (VPI - Vmi History).\nAF 1924 may include Athletic Department (Formerly Athletic Association).\nAF 1955 may include Sword (Ceremonial; VPI-VMI Game).\nAF 1959z10 may include Television (1959 Homecoming Game - A \"First\").","AG may include Athletics - Intra-Murals; Athletics - Women'S Sports; Athletics, Miscellaneous (Including \"Minor\", Unlisted Sports); and Miscellaneous Sports.","AG 1, 5 may include Athletic Department (Formerly Athletic Association).\nAG 5, 6 may include Southern Conference.\nAG 5, 6 may include Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association.\nAG 11 may include Buildings - Miles Stadium, 1926-1964.","AT may include Athletics - Track \u0026 Field.\nAT 1900, 1903, 1920c may include Field Day.","Mu may include Buildings - University Club Building (Residence).","MW 14, 23, 34, 27, 37, 53 may include Lakes \u0026 Ponds.","W la, 7a, 7c may include American Red Cross."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (\u003ca href=\"mailto:specref@vt.edu\"\u003especref@vt.edu\u003c/a\u003e or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_2bfd88fb1d82a46fb92b3adac8eb3bf1\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eIn general, the Virginia Tech and Local History Mounted Clippings include newspaper clippings, photocopies, ephermera, unpublished and/or informal publications, and other papers relating to a specific subject area. Files in this collection relate to Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, and the activities of members of the community or university. The collection was primarily collected by library staff through the 1960s.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["In general, the Virginia Tech and Local History Mounted Clippings include newspaper clippings, photocopies, ephermera, unpublished and/or informal publications, and other papers relating to a specific subject area. Files in this collection relate to Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, and the activities of members of the community or university. The collection was primarily collected by library staff through the 1960s."],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (1872-1896)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (1872-1896)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (1872-1896)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"total_component_count_is":440,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:34:55.437Z","scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn general, the Virginia Tech and Local History Mounted Clippings include newspaper clippings, photocopies, ephermera, unpublished and/or informal publications, and other papers relating to a specific subject area. Files in this collection relate to Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, and the activities of members of the community or university.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMa may include Agricultural Conference Board and Institute Of Rural Affairs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMa 1 may include Agricultural Experiment Station \u0026amp; Field Research Stations.\nMa 1, 5, 6, 10, 11, 15, 16 may include Farmers' Institute.\nMa 3 may include Corn Day Short Course.\nMa 5, 18, 19, 29 may include Farmer'S Winter Short Course.\nMa 11, 24 may include Dairy Cattle At V.P.I.\nMa 18 may include Planters Club.\nMa 19 may include Pure-Bred Sire Campaign.\nMa 22 may include Agriculture \u0026amp; Life Sciences, College Of - Poultry Science.\nMa 22 may include Boys \u0026amp; Girls Short Course.\nMa 23 may include Virginia Aberdeen Angus Breeders' Association.\nMa 23, 24, 59, 61 may include Horticulture Club.\nMa 25, 28 may include Corn Score Card.\nMa 28 may include Dairy Science Club (American Dairy Science Association; Incl. Dairy Clubs).\nMa 30, 65 may include Hoof \u0026amp; Horn Club.\nMa 61 may include American Society Of Agricultural Engineers.\nMa 65 may include Little International Livestock Show.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMa 221, 223-233, 239 may include Mccormick, Cyrus Hall Centennial Celebration (1931).\nMa 222, 224, 226-228, 259, 262, 264 may include Institute Of Rural Affairs.\nM 309 may include Alumni Gate.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMAAg 355 may include Jamestown Centennial Festival (VPI Horticulturists Plant Indian Tobacco).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMAEc 8, 264 may include Virginia Summer School For Town \u0026amp; Country Ministers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMAHr 223 may include Weather.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMAIn 85, 86 may include Buildings - Hutcheson Hall (Formerly New Agricultural Hall).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMAM 177, 177a, 835, 208, 230a may include Institute Of Rural Affairs.\nMAM 198, 199, 203-206, 212, 215, 251, 254-260 may include Mccormick, Cyrus Hall.\nMAM 203, 207, 211, 1957 may include Motion Picture Unit At VPI.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMAM 264 may include Atoms (Film By VPI \"Infant Giant\").\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMar O1 may include \"Pot Pourri\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMasb 22 may include High School Science Teachers Summer Institute.\nMasb 23 may include Conservation Short Course.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMAV may include Future Farmers Of America.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMbl may include Community Concert Association and Earthquakes.\nMbl 1a, 2, 4, 417, 472, 473, 1438, 1441, 1445, 1564, 1592, 1603 may include \"Huckleberry\".\nMbl 5, 1206-1207 may include Norfolk \u0026amp; Western Railroad.\nMbl 1052, 1054, 1189 may include Future Farmers Of America.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMbl 4 may include Sham Battle.\nMbl 5 may include American Red Cross.\nMbl 9 may include \"Solitude\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMbl 77 may include Lakes \u0026amp; Ponds.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMbl 1206 may include Lybrook Row.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMcv may include Mall and President's Home.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMcv 96 may include Doorways - V.P.I. Buildings.\nMcv 99 may include Lakes \u0026amp; Ponds.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMcv 130 may include Buildings - R.O.T.C Building (Building 364).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMfi 18 may include Sham Battle.\nMfi 23 may include Athletic Department (Formerly Athletic Association);  Hoof \u0026amp; Horn Club; and Masons.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMfi 74 may include Freshmen.\nMfi 120, 149, 151, 157 may include Kohler Trophy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMcon may include Community Concert Association.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMco 4, 7 may include Agriculture \u0026amp; Life Sciences, College Of - Poultry Science.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMco 57 may include Russian Language Course.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMda 2 may include Lynchburg Club.\nMda 29 may include Songs Of VPI Incl. Moonlight \u0026amp; VPI, Tech Triumph, Ut Prosim.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMde may include Accidents And Deaths.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMde 6 may include Highty-Tighties.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMde 28 may include Engineering, Metallurgical.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMdev may include Agriculture \u0026amp; Life Sciences, College Of - Horticulture; Campus Development Plan; and \"Pre-Centennial Development Program\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMdev 7 may include Arboretum (Sculpture).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMed 8-12, 17 may include Mccormick, Cyrus Hall.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMe may include Engineering, College Of, and Geology.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMe 9 may include Buildings - Davidson Hall (Chemical Engineering).\nMe 12 may include Airport (Officially Opened In 1939).\nMe 72 may include Mall.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMenr may include Freshmen and Orientation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMext may include Branch Colleges Of VPI.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMf 29 may include Wine Faculty Achievement Award.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMf 360, 416 may include Buildings - Seitz Hall (Agricultural Engineering Building).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eML 1 may include Loans To Students.\nML 2, 3, 4, 5 may include Rison Bill.\nML 4 may include Engineering Experiment Station.\nML 7, 8, 9, 10 may include Bonds, V.P.I. (To Finance Building Of War Memorial Hall).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMm may include Uniforms, Military, Armistice Day, Corps Of Cadets, and  Military Organizations.\nMm 3, 7, 7c, 15, 135 may include Highty-Tighties.\nMm 42, 43, 63, 72, 94, 105, 116, 124, 130, 132, 159, 164 may include Kohler Trophy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMm 14, 16 may include Inspection, Military.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMm 21, 22, 23, 24 may include Foch Celebration.\nMM 78 may include Air R.O.T.C.\nMm 92 may include World War I and World War Ii.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eM may include Armistice Day; Art, Dept. Of; Arts \u0026amp; Sciences, College Of [Obsolete]; Class Of (Different Years); Concerts \u0026amp; Plays (Not VPI); Conferences, Seminars, Workshops (Off-Campus); Conferences, Seminars, Workshops (On-Campus); Engineering Exposition; Engineering, College Of; Enrollment \u0026amp; Registration; Highty-Tighties; Horse Show; and Snow Battle.\nM 10, 119, 802 may include Faculty.\nM 10, 123, 171 may include Engineering Experiment Station.\nM 22, 54, 103, 104, 236, 245 may include Fires--On Campus.\nM 23, 24, 26a, 103, 104 may include Buildings - Field House (1914) (Burned).\nM 23, 31, 785, 804, 810 may include Buildings - Mcbryde Building Of Mechanic Arts (The Shops).\nM 23, 245, 805, 862 may include Trees--V.P.I. Campus.\nM 24, 26, 29, 115, 166, 170a, 195, 214, 218, 222 may include Science Club Obsolete.\nM 25, 31, 112, 118, 120 may include Maury Literary Society.\nM 26, 28, 73 may include Farmer's Winter Short Course.\nM 26, 85, 120, 511 may include Inspection, Military.\nM 29, 30, 134, 135 may include Grounds (Buildings \u0026amp;).\nM 31, 40, 95, 99, 113, 115, 132, 215, 236, 240, 241, 242 may include Rat System.\nM 31, 46, 263 may include Gitt, William G. (\"Uncle Bill\").\nM 54, 113 may include World War I.\nM 66, 69, 70, 534 may include Songs Of VPI Incl. Moonlight \u0026amp; VPI, Tech Triumph, Ut Prosim.\nM 71, 738, 759 may include Masons.\nM 74, 233, 234 may include Student Volunteer Movement.\nM 77, 134, 139, 275, 369, 371 may include Course Of Study.\nM 82, 87-89, 134, 157, 226 may include Norfolk \u0026amp; Western Railroad.\nM 82, 125, 129, 153, 517 may include American Society Of Mechanical Engineers (Asme).\nM 93, 224, 489 may include American Society Of Agricultural Engineers.\nM 97, 107a, 113, 120, 121, 123, 131, 773, 774 may include Buildings - War Memorial Gymnasium.\nM 102, 167, 203 may include Chemical Club / Chemistry Club.\nM 109, 116, 276 may include Home Demonstration.\nM 111, 113, 133, 134, 148, 718, 722, 723, 807 may include Buildings - Miles Stadium, 1926-1964.\nM 115, 116, 135, 138, 148, 139, 785, 804, 810 may include Buildings - Patton Hall.\nM 115, 168 may include Shenandoah Valley Club.\nM 122, 182 may include Fertilizer Short Course School M 122, 182.\nM 125, 178, 240, 193 may include Athletic Department (Formerly Athletic Association).\nM 127, 138, 176, 194a, 214, 236 may include American Chemical Society (Student Affiliate).\nM 128, 222, 339, 340, 442 may include Virginia Social Science Association.\nM 130, 394, 495, 513, 514 may include American Red Cross.\nM 131, 210, 786, 810, 837 may include Buildings - Academic Buildings 1 \u0026amp; 2.\nM 134, 148, 149, 160, 182, 184, 185, 195, 238, 273, 276, 278, 318, 331, 438, 447, 464, 465, 470, 471, 481, 498, 849 may include Airport (Officially Opened In 1939).\nM 135, 293 may include Stroubles Creek (Strubbles Creek).\nM 135, 330, 356, 398 may include Educators' Conference.\nM 136, 726, 11/1, 18, 31, 152 may include Dining Halls.\nM 138, 148, 738, 739, 755, 757, 763, 802 may include Buildings - Henderson Hall (Infirmary).\nM 140, 141, 147-149, 225, 326, 329, 508 may include Geology.\nM 140, 149, 835 may include Buildings - Power Plant.\nM 140, 312, 460 may include Rural Electrification Short Course.\nM 150, 223, 350, 382, 462, 464 may include Freshmen.\nM 151, 171, 380, 811 may include Quarries.\nM 151, 176 may include Lynchburg Club.\nM 151, 314, 516 may include Lakes \u0026amp; Ponds.\nM 154-1930 to M 347-1937 may include Rural Minister's Short Course.\nM 155, 455, 504, 153 may include Virginia Associated Plumbing, Heating, Contractors.\nM 157, 160, 738, 739, 802, 804, 810 may include Buildings - Saunders Hall (Dairy Science).\nM 160, 165 may include Engineering, Ceramic.\nM 161, 163, 173, 179, 189, 203, 337 (Civilian Students Union) may include Student Government Association.\nM 161, 170, 174 may include Soil Survey (Virginia).\nM 164, 165, 191, 324 may include Thanksgiving Game.\nM 173, 267, 309, 390, 433, 436, 610 may include Weather.\nM 174, 186, 187, 275, 448 may include Engineering, College Of.\nM 179a, 416 may include Noell Act.\nM 209, 709, 785, 804, 810, 825, 826, 126, 208 may include Buildings - Davidson Hall (Chemical Engineering).\nM 220, 223, 397 may include Future Farmers Of America.\nM 225, 239, 351, 458, 467 may include Home Economics, College Of (Human Resources).\nM 232, 517, 220, 224 may include Engineering, Metallurgical.\nM 235, 389 may include Engineering, Chemical.\nM 271, 886 may include Biology, Dept. Of.\nM 282a, 312 may include Out-Of-School Youth.\nM 295, 352 may include Graham Plan (Re: Athletic Aid).\nM 376, 390, 393, 394, 413, 417, 424, 714, 727, 785, 786, 804, 810, 887, 890, 891 may include Buildings - Owens Dining Hall.\nM 393, 785, 786 may include Buildings - Eggleston Hall (East Stone Dorm).\nM 397, 835a may include Institute Of Rural Affairs.\nM 407, 481 may include Sigma Xi (Honorary Faculty Research Society).\nM 443, 693 may include Treasury, V.P.I.\nM 452, 738, 739, 804, 810 may include Buildings - Holden Hall.\nM 458, 463, 468, 469, 810 may include Buildings - Hillcrest (\"Skirt Barn\").\nM 467, 483, 487, 488, 854, 223 may include Boycotts.\nM 548, 568 may include Cave Club.\nM 637, 835, 836, 837, 844 may include Buildings - Dormitories.\nM 660, 772, 773, 776, 781, 785, 786, 792, 794, 796, 796a, 804, 810, 878 may include Buildings - Williams Hall.\nM 690, 714, 731, 745, 746 may include Rad-Tech.\nM 755, 756, 763, 882, 883, 890 may include Buildings - Greenhouse (Dept. Of Horticulture).\nM 760, 761, 781, 782, 785, 791, 794, 796, 796a, 804, 810, 835, 882, 883, 886, 878, 881 may include Buildings - Randolph Hall.\nM 760, 772, 774, 835 may include Buildings - Meat \u0026amp; Processing Lab.\nM 780, 792, 805, 807, 824, 835 may include Buildings - Livestock \u0026amp; Poultry Disease Lab.\nM 785, 802, 835, 837 may include Buildings - Rasche Hall.\nM 785, 802, 879 may include Buildings - Brodie Hall and Shanks Hall (No. 4 \u0026amp; No. 7 Barracks United).\nM 787, 788, 794, 796, 797, 799-801, 804, 806, 810, 811, 819, 820, 823, 824, 827, 830, 832-834, 834a, 835-836 may include Buildings - Library - Carol M. Newman Library.\nM 810, 815, 868 may include Buildings - Commencement Hall (Old Commerce Hall).\nM 810, 835 may include Buildings - Seitz Hall (Agricultural Engineering Building).\nM 880-887, 890, 893, 738, 739, 804, 810 may include Buildings - Robeson Hall.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eM 12 may include Christmas Card V.P.I. and Class Ticket.\nM 17a may include Virginia Agricultural \u0026amp; Mechanical College (Vamc).\nM 20 may include Pulaski Club.\nM 22, 37 may include Buildings - Preston \u0026amp; Olin Buildings.\nM 23, 24 may include Septic Tank.\nM 30 may include Little International Livestock Show.\nM 55, 76 may include Hikes - Corps.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eM 68, 69, 78, 109, 123, 137, 139 may include Farmers' Institute.\nM 73 may include Buildings - Alumni Building.\nM 80, 137 may include Dismissal.\nM 81, 82, 92, 129 may include American Society Of Civil Engineers.\nM 88 may include Buildings - Hutcheson Hall (Formerly New Agricultural Hall).\nM 94 may include Techgram.\nM 95 may include Mail Service (Campus).\nM 95, 96, 97, 108 may include Fires--Fought Off Campus.\nM 108, 155 may include May Day.\nM 115, 117 may include Buildings - University Club Building (Residence).\nM 116 may include Agriculture \u0026amp; Life Sciences, College Of - Horticulture.\nM 116, 117, 120 may include University Club.\nM 117-118 may include Agriculture \u0026amp; Life Sciences, College Of - Dairy Short Course.\nM 118 may include State Crop Pest Commission.\nM 122, 137, 154 may include Electric Meterman's Short Course.\nM 123 may include Hunt House.\nM 125 may include Agricultural Students' Honorary Council.\nM 130 may include United Daughters Of The Confederacy, 1927 Meeting At VPI.\nM 132 may include Coal.\nM 138, 139 may include Male Chorus At VPI.\nM 153 may include Publications, V.P.I.; Sham Battle; and Wine Scholarship.\nM 153, 154, 155 may include Engineer's Day.\nM 157 may include Buildings - Print Shop (Old M. E. Laboratory).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eM 166, 196, 201, 218, 224 may include \"Technical Topics\" (1931-1941).\nM 167, 168, 171, 175, 188, 192, 215, 218, 231 may include Demolay Club.\nM 169 may include Industrial Surveys.\nM 170a may include Southern Collegian Magazine (1931).\nM 171 may include The Tin Horn (Co-Ed Yearbook, 1929-1931).\nM 176 may include VPI Skipper (Student Humor Magazine).\nM 179a, 180, 181 may include Landscape Design School (Short Course).\nM 180, 205 may include Mccormick, Cyrus Hall Centennial Celebration (1931).\nM 186, 225 may include American Country Life Association.\nM 188, 203 may include Chemistry, Dept. Of.\nM 189 may include Southern Colonels (Dance Orchestra).\nM 190 may include Roadside Landscaping.\nM 191 may include Lutheran Students' Association (Of America).\nM 195 may include Scorpions Club.\nM 196, 198, 219 may include Rifle Team.\nM 199 may include Prohibition Poll.\nM 203 may include Church Attendance.\nM 205 may include Lonesome Pine Club, Northern Neck Club, and Richmond Club.\nM 208 may include Pittsylvania Club.\nM 212 may include Rappahannock Valley Club and Roanoke Club.\nM 214, 216, 227 may include Swimming Pool.\nM 215, 230 may include Baptist Student Convention.\nM 214, 216, 227 may include Swimming Pool.\nM 215, 230 may include Baptist Student Convention.\nM 220 may include Athletic Department (Formerly Athletic Association).\nM 222, 231, 270 may include Depression \u0026amp; Recovery.\nM 223 may include Bachelor's Club.\nM 228, 239 may include Beer Licenses.\nM 230 may include American Legion.\nM 230, 231 may include Civil Works Project.\nM 230, 232, 240, 242, 285 may include Rescue Squad.\nM 231, 237, 239, 262, 276 may include Buildings - Utilities Building.\nM 234 may include Omicron Delta Kappa (Leadership Fraternity), Alpha Omicron Circle.\nM 234, 236, 236a may include Virginia Association Of International Relations.\nM 237 may include Cancer Research.\nM 241 may include Buildings - Faculty Center.\nM 241, 244, 245 may include Virginia Library Association.\nM 241, 258, 262 may include Federal Emergency Relief Administration.\nM 245 may include Fire Brigade.\nM 258, 262 may include Merchant Marine Officers Training School.\nM 262 may include Reflecting Pool.\nM 268, 275 may include Birds (Study).\nM 275 may include Aeronautical Course.\nM 278 may include Guidon.\nM 295 may include Evening Classes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eM 323 may include American Institute Of Chemical Engineers.\nM 338 may include Street Lighting.\nM 352 may include Southern Conference.\nM 356 may include Cooking For Boys.\nM 363, 365 may include Nautical Training School.\nM 363, 387 may include Virginia Educational Association.\nM 382 may include Student Identification Cards.\nM 388 may include Post-Graduate Club.\nM 390 may include Building Layouts.\nM 404 may include Cooperatives.\nM 412, 414 may include League Of Virginia Counties.\nM 417 may include Quadrangle.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eM 433, 434 may include Mining Bureau.\nM 433, 449, 453, 456, 457, 458, 459, 460, 461, 465, 466, 467, 481, 488, 489, 523 may include World War Ii.\nM 438, 439, 441 may include Training Plane.\nM 438, 443, 452, 459, 470, 483, 485 may include Works Progress Administration (Wpa).\nM 443 may include Association Of College Libraries Of Southwest Virginia.\nM 452 may include Buildings - Seitz Hall (Agricultural Engineering Building).\nM 481 may include Keramos and Rankine, William J. M.\nM 490 may include William \u0026amp; Mary, College Of.\nM 493 may include Recruiting (Military).\nM 513, 519 may include Water Shortage.\nM 520 may include American Institute Of Architects.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eM 579, 585 may include Nursery School-VPI.\nM 641 may include Napoleonana Collection.\nM 658, 660, 677, 691, 693 may include Sewage Disposal Plant.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eM 709 may include Buildings - R.O.T.C Building (Building 364).\nM 710, 757-760, 763, 771-772 may include Mall.\nM 723 may include Buildings - Mining Engineering Building.\nM 726, 727, 734, 735, 745, 746, 746a, 804 may include Buildings - Femoyer Hall, Monteith Hall, and Thomas Hall.\nM 735, 738, 739, 742, 755, 756, 804, 810 may include Buildings - Smyth Hall (Formerly Known As Natural Science Building).\nM 737, 741 may include Piedmont Research Laboratory (Charlottesville).\nM 738 may include Tomato Clubs.\nM 738, 739, 802, 804, 810 may include Buildings - Agnew Hall.\nM 738, 739, 804, 810 may include Buildings - Price Hall (\"Old Aggie\").\nM 746 may include Winchester Research Laboratory.\nM 752, 786, 794, 780, 781, 785 may include Buildings - Library (Old Chapel Building) (Burned).\nM 755, 756, 757 may include Buildings - Dairy Barn.\nM 757 may include Bear (Wanders Through Campus).\nM 758 may include War Memorial Chapel.\nM 773, 774 may include Radio Station - WUVT.\nM 785, 802 may include Buildings - Lane Hall.\nM 785, 804 may include Buildings - Campbell Hall (West Stone Dorm).\nM 807, 812 may include Buildings - Athletic Plant.\nM 810 may include Buildings - Hutcheson Hall (Formerly New Agricultural Hall) and Performing Arts \u0026amp; Communications Building (Ymca Building, 1899-1936; Old Military Building, 1937-1966; Student Personnel Building, 1966-1972).\nM 815 may include Motion Picture Unit At VPI.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eM 829 may include Racial \u0026amp; Ethnic Minorities (Campus).\nM 835-837, 870 may include Buildings - Pamplin Hall (Commerce Hall 2).\nM 862 may include Buildings - Barns.\nM 868 no. 8 may include Cornerstone Markers (Old Commerce Hall).\nM 881 may include Computing Center.\nM 882, 883 may include Buildings - Swine Center.\nM 886 may include Agriculture \u0026amp; Life Sciences, College Of - Veterinary Science.\nM 890 may include Mccormick, Cyrus Hall.\nM 890, 892 may include Buildings - Norris Hall.\nM 894, 895 may include Name Change.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMla 31 may include Colors, V.P.I. (Orange \u0026amp; Maroon).\nMla 88 may include \"GOBBLERS\" (nickname).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMla 367 may include Yells-VPI.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 13, 17z may include Rankine, William J. M.\nMo 15, 16 may include Student Government Association.\nMo 20z73, 23 may include Sigma Mu Sigma (National College Masonic Service Fraternity).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 1 may include Lee Literary Society.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 1a, 1b, 1c, 1c1, 1c2, 1d may include Maury Literary Society.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 2 may include Christian Science Organization.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 3 may include Fraternities \u0026amp; Sororities--Social.\nMo 3a may include Kappa Sigma.\nMo 3b may include Sigma Alpha.\nMo 3b, 3d may include Pi Kappa Alpha (Social Fraternity).\nMo 3c may include Alpha Phi.\nMo 3c no. 2 may include Beta Theta Pi (Social Fraternity).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 4 may include Music Groups and Tech Minstrels.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 4m may include Songs Of VPI Incl. Moonlight \u0026amp; VPI, Tech Triumph, Ut Prosim.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 6 may include Apple Club; Black Diamond Club; City, County \u0026amp; Sectional Clubs; Lonesome Pine Club; Lynchburg Club; Northern Neck Club; Peanut Club; Pittsylvania Club; Richmond Club; Roanoke Club; and Shenandoah Valley Club.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 7 may include Tech Players and Thespian Club.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 8 may include Virgnia Polytechnic Societies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 11 may include Student Publications.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 16 may include Honor System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 16m, 16r may include Highty-Tighties.\nMo 16p may include Kohler Trophy.\nMo 16s may include Company B, Corps Of Cadets.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 17z, 31-33, 55, 56, 57, 62, 65, 66, 68, 71, 72 may include War Memorial Chapel.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 17g, 17m, 17L may include Buildings - War Memorial Gymnasium.\nMo 17h, 17g may include Buildings - Alumni Building.\nMo 17s3, 17s5, 17s7 may include Buildings - Miles Stadium, 1926-1964.\nMo 17t may include V.P.I. Alumnus.\nMo 17z29 may include Campus Development Plan.\nMo 17z31 may include Victory Reunion (1946).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 17z101 may include Carillon.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 20 may include Fraternities--Honorary.\nMo 20c, 20f, 20t, 20v, 20w, 20x, 20z, 20z12, 20z40, 20z76, 20z96 may include Sigma Xi (Honorary Faculty Research Society).\nMo 20g, 20o, 20w, 20y, 20z, 20z40 may include Pi Delta Epsilon (Journalism Honorary).\nMo 20j, 20m, 20o, 20t, 20w, 20x, 20z, 20zl, 20z3, 20z5, 20z95, 20z19, 20z94 may include Omicron Delta Kappa (Leadership Fraternity), Alpha Omicron Circle.\nMo 20q, 20s, 20z5, 20z71 may include Alpha Kappa Psi (Professional Business Fraternity).\nMo 20z22, 20z23, 20z32, 20z9, 20z70 may include Gregory Guard.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 20, 20d, 20g2, 20h, 20p, 20r, 20w, 20y, 20zl, 20z2, 20z5, 20z6 may include Phi Kappa Phi (Scholarship Honorary).\nMo 20d, 20e, 20f, 20m, 20s may include Alpha Zeta (National Agriculture Society).\nMo 20e may include Scorpions Club.\nMo 20f, 20g may include Beta Tau Epsilon (Engineering).\nMo 20f, 20p, 20z, 20zl, 20z3 may include Phi Lambda Upsilon (Chemistry Honorary).\nMo 20g, 20h, 20j, 20p, 20q, 20r, 20u, 20x, 20z, 20z2, 20z11 may include Tau Beta Pi (Engineering Honorary).\nMo 20g2 may include Theta Epsilon Theta (Research Honorary Society).\nMo 20h may include Phi Gamma Nu.\nMo 20h, 20w, 20z2, 20z6, 20z7 may include Sigma Delta Psi (Athletic Honorary).\nMo 20m, 20n, 20t, 20z, 20z3, 20z6, 20z8 may include Scabbard \u0026amp; Blade (Honorary Military Society).\nMo 20w, 20x, 20z1, 20z3 may include Pi Tau Sigma (National Honorary, Mechanical Engineering).\nMo 20w, 20z, 20z1 may include Eta Kappa Nu (Ee Honorary).\nMo 20z may include Keramos.\nMo 20z, z2, z3 may include Chi Epsilon (Civil Engineering Honorary).\nMo 20z1 may include Alpha Sigma Mu (Metallurgical Engineering Fraternity).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 20z28, 20z29 may include Sigma Pi Sigma.\nMo 20z27 may include Phi Sigma Society (Biological Sciences Honorary).\nMo 20z48 may include Pi Omega Pi (Business Education Honorary).\nMo 20z60 may include Alpha Phi Omega (National Service Fraternity).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 22 may include American Society Of Agricultural Engineers and Four-H Alumni Club.\nMo 22b, 22c, 22d, 22e, 22g may include Agronomy Club.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 24 may include \"Skippers\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo27 may include Dairy Science Club (American Dairy Science Association).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 33 may include Chemical Club.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 34 may include Industrial Arts Education Club.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 35 may include Baptist Student Union, Religious Activities, and Wesley Foundation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 37 may include Engineers and Engineering Exposition.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 42 may include Blacksburg Naval Reserve Research Unit.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 49 may include Circle K (Student Organizatons - Service).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 50 may include Apollo Club (Weightlifting Club, 1954).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 52 may include Aeronautical Clubs - American Institute Of Aeronautics; American Institute Aeronautical Science; American Institute Of Aeronautics \u0026amp; Astronautics.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 54 may include Burkhart Mining Society.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 60 may include Holden Society (Student Geological Organization).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 61 may include Amateur Radio Association.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 64 may include Chinese Student Association.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 65 may include Distributive Education, Curriculum In.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 67 may include Virginia Educational Association.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMp 7 may include Rison Bill.\nMp 54 may include Buildings - Burruss Hall.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMp 164 may include Name Change.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMra may include Radford University.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMst may include Cadet Scandal and Student Unrest / Troubles / Protests.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAB may include Athletics - Track \u0026amp; Field.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eABB may include Athletics - Wrestling.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAF may include Scrub Football Team.\nAF 1914c may include Songs Of VPI Incl. Moonlight \u0026amp; VPI, Tech Triumph, Ut Prosim.\nAF 1919s may include Silent Drill Company.\nAF 1922L may include Maury Literary Society.\nAF 1923z3 may include Monogram Club and Buildings - Field House (1914) (Burned).\nAF 1922z11 may include Dope Book (VPI - Vmi History).\nAF 1924 may include Athletic Department (Formerly Athletic Association).\nAF 1955 may include Sword (Ceremonial; VPI-VMI Game).\nAF 1959z10 may include Television (1959 Homecoming Game - A \"First\").\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAG may include Athletics - Intra-Murals; Athletics - Women'S Sports; Athletics, Miscellaneous (Including \"Minor\", Unlisted Sports); and Miscellaneous Sports.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAG 1, 5 may include Athletic Department (Formerly Athletic Association).\nAG 5, 6 may include Southern Conference.\nAG 5, 6 may include Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association.\nAG 11 may include Buildings - Miles Stadium, 1926-1964.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAT may include Athletics - Track \u0026amp; Field.\nAT 1900, 1903, 1920c may include Field Day.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMu may include Buildings - University Club Building (Residence).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMW 14, 23, 34, 27, 37, 53 may include Lakes \u0026amp; Ponds.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eW la, 7a, 7c may include American Red Cross.\u003c/p\u003e"]}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3151_c34_c12"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_100_c01_c813","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Wright, John W.","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_100_c01_c813#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_100_c01_c813","ref_ssm":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_100_c01_c813"],"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_100_c01_c813","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_100","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_100","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_100_c01","parent_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_100_c01","parent_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_100","vircu_repositories_5_resources_100_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_100","vircu_repositories_5_resources_100_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Margaret Freeman Cabell papers","Series I--Personal Correspondence"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Margaret Freeman Cabell papers","Series I--Personal Correspondence"],"text":["Margaret Freeman Cabell papers","Series I--Personal Correspondence","Wright, John W.","box 16"],"title_filing_ssi":"Wright, John W.","title_ssm":["Wright, John W."],"title_tesim":["Wright, John W."],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1932-1938"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1932/1938"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Wright, John W."],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["Margaret Freeman Cabell papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":814,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open for use without restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"date_range_isim":[1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938],"containers_ssim":["box 16"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#812","timestamp":"2026-05-21T04:40:23.765Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_100","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_100","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_100","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_100","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_100.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vcu-cab/vircu00069.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Cabell, Margaret Freeman, papers","title_ssm":["Margaret Freeman Cabell papers"],"title_tesim":["Margaret Freeman Cabell papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1910-1982"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1910-1982"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 228","/repositories/5/resources/100"],"text":["M 228","/repositories/5/resources/100","Margaret Freeman Cabell papers","Authors, American -- Virginia","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond","Interior decorators -- Virginia -- Richmond","Collection is open for use without restrictions.","All series are arranged topically, alphabetically and chronologically therein, excluding oversize and photographic items which are housed separately from the collection. Series I-- Personal Correspondence [includes letters to James Branch Cabell and both Mrs. Cabells] (1866-1978) Series II--Miscellaneous (1950-1975) Series III--Personal Material (1948- 1953) Series IV--Organizational Correspondence (1923-1977) Series V--World War I Correspondence [MWF] (1917-1927) Series VI--Plays and Creative Writings (1920-33) Series VII-- Margaret Waller Freeman Correpondence (with sub-series Client Correspondence and Confederate Chapel Correspondence) (1931-1973) Series VIII--John Brightwell Freeman Papers (1930-1968) Series IX--John Middleton Freeman Papers (undated) Series XII--Oversize Materials.","Margaret Waller Freeman Cabell (1893-1983) was an interior decorator, founding editor of  The Reviewer , and supporter of the arts. ","Born in Richmond, Virginia on August 29, 1893, Cabell graduated from Miss Jennie Ellett's School (now St. Catherine's School) and in the 1920s became one of the founding editors and the business manager of the Richmond-based literary magazine  The Reviewer . During the 20s, Cabell also briefly studied interior design in Paris which would later lead to her operating a New York City-based interior decorating studio under the name Waller Freeman. Following her time at  The Reviewer , Cabell went on to receive training as a nurse. During World War II, she helped run the servicemen entertainment venue The Stage Door Canteen in Washington, D.C.","In 1950 Margaret Waller Freeman married Richmond author James Branch Cabell in Richmond and gained Ballard Hartwell Cabell as a step-son. She supported the arts and was an active member of many Richmond civic organizations including the Woman's Club of Richmond, the Colonial Dames of America, and the United Daughters of the Confederacy. Cabell fundraised to restore the late-19th century Confederate Chapel located behind what is now the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts. Margaret Freeman Cabell continued to actively advance the literary legacy of James Branch Cabell following his death in 1958. Through the 1960s and 1970s, she co-edited  Between Friends: Letters of James Branch Cabell and Others , founded the James Branch Cabell Society, and encouraged scholars to write about and research James Branch Cabell. ","In the late 1960s, Margaret Freeman Cabell arranged for the donation of James Branch Cabell's personal library to Virginia Commonwealth University. Soon after the establishment of Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) in 1968, created by the merger of the Medical College of Virginia (MCV) and Richmond Professional Institute (RPI), the University began construction for a new library on the Monroe Park Campus. RPI had already planned for a new library and approached Margaret Cabell about naming it for her husband. VCU approved the name, and in 1970, the James Branch Cabell Library opened its doors. Margaret Cabell additionally advocated for the donation of books and materials to Cabell Library's Special Collections and Archives department. Cabell died in Richmond, Virginia on March 28, 1983.","The Margaret Waller Freeman Cabell papers date from 1910 to 1982 and consist of papers and memorabilia from the activities of Cabell, James Branch Cabell, Ballard Hartwell Cabell, and other family members. The bulk of the collection contains correspondence between Margaret Freeman Cabell, James Branch Cabell, and their friends, colleagues, and business associates.","including clippings","with newspaper clippings","(copies of two letters from JBC, 1919, 1924, from Bond Collection","Letter to Stagg from JBC on Rockbridge Alum Springs","These items have their own numbering system","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Cabell, Margaret Freeman, 1893-1983","Cabell, James Branch, 1879-1958","English \n.    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Series I-- Personal Correspondence [includes letters to James Branch Cabell and both Mrs. Cabells] (1866-1978) Series II--Miscellaneous (1950-1975) Series III--Personal Material (1948- 1953) Series IV--Organizational Correspondence (1923-1977) Series V--World War I Correspondence [MWF] (1917-1927) Series VI--Plays and Creative Writings (1920-33) Series VII-- Margaret Waller Freeman Correpondence (with sub-series Client Correspondence and Confederate Chapel Correspondence) (1931-1973) Series VIII--John Brightwell Freeman Papers (1930-1968) Series IX--John Middleton Freeman Papers (undated) Series XII--Oversize Materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["All series are arranged topically, alphabetically and chronologically therein, excluding oversize and photographic items which are housed separately from the collection. Series I-- Personal Correspondence [includes letters to James Branch Cabell and both Mrs. Cabells] (1866-1978) Series II--Miscellaneous (1950-1975) Series III--Personal Material (1948- 1953) Series IV--Organizational Correspondence (1923-1977) Series V--World War I Correspondence [MWF] (1917-1927) Series VI--Plays and Creative Writings (1920-33) Series VII-- Margaret Waller Freeman Correpondence (with sub-series Client Correspondence and Confederate Chapel Correspondence) (1931-1973) Series VIII--John Brightwell Freeman Papers (1930-1968) Series IX--John Middleton Freeman Papers (undated) Series XII--Oversize Materials."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMargaret Waller Freeman Cabell (1893-1983) was an interior decorator, founding editor of \u003ctitle\u003eThe Reviewer\u003c/title\u003e, and supporter of the arts. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBorn in Richmond, Virginia on August 29, 1893, Cabell graduated from Miss Jennie Ellett's School (now St. Catherine's School) and in the 1920s became one of the founding editors and the business manager of the Richmond-based literary magazine \u003ctitle\u003eThe Reviewer\u003c/title\u003e. During the 20s, Cabell also briefly studied interior design in Paris which would later lead to her operating a New York City-based interior decorating studio under the name Waller Freeman. Following her time at \u003ctitle\u003eThe Reviewer\u003c/title\u003e, Cabell went on to receive training as a nurse. During World War II, she helped run the servicemen entertainment venue The Stage Door Canteen in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1950 Margaret Waller Freeman married Richmond author James Branch Cabell in Richmond and gained Ballard Hartwell Cabell as a step-son. She supported the arts and was an active member of many Richmond civic organizations including the Woman's Club of Richmond, the Colonial Dames of America, and the United Daughters of the Confederacy. Cabell fundraised to restore the late-19th century Confederate Chapel located behind what is now the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts. Margaret Freeman Cabell continued to actively advance the literary legacy of James Branch Cabell following his death in 1958. Through the 1960s and 1970s, she co-edited \u003ctitle\u003eBetween Friends: Letters of James Branch Cabell and Others\u003c/title\u003e, founded the James Branch Cabell Society, and encouraged scholars to write about and research James Branch Cabell. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn the late 1960s, Margaret Freeman Cabell arranged for the donation of James Branch Cabell's personal library to Virginia Commonwealth University. Soon after the establishment of Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) in 1968, created by the merger of the Medical College of Virginia (MCV) and Richmond Professional Institute (RPI), the University began construction for a new library on the Monroe Park Campus. RPI had already planned for a new library and approached Margaret Cabell about naming it for her husband. VCU approved the name, and in 1970, the James Branch Cabell Library opened its doors. Margaret Cabell additionally advocated for the donation of books and materials to Cabell Library's Special Collections and Archives department. Cabell died in Richmond, Virginia on March 28, 1983.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Margaret Waller Freeman Cabell (1893-1983) was an interior decorator, founding editor of  The Reviewer , and supporter of the arts. ","Born in Richmond, Virginia on August 29, 1893, Cabell graduated from Miss Jennie Ellett's School (now St. Catherine's School) and in the 1920s became one of the founding editors and the business manager of the Richmond-based literary magazine  The Reviewer . During the 20s, Cabell also briefly studied interior design in Paris which would later lead to her operating a New York City-based interior decorating studio under the name Waller Freeman. Following her time at  The Reviewer , Cabell went on to receive training as a nurse. During World War II, she helped run the servicemen entertainment venue The Stage Door Canteen in Washington, D.C.","In 1950 Margaret Waller Freeman married Richmond author James Branch Cabell in Richmond and gained Ballard Hartwell Cabell as a step-son. She supported the arts and was an active member of many Richmond civic organizations including the Woman's Club of Richmond, the Colonial Dames of America, and the United Daughters of the Confederacy. Cabell fundraised to restore the late-19th century Confederate Chapel located behind what is now the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts. Margaret Freeman Cabell continued to actively advance the literary legacy of James Branch Cabell following his death in 1958. Through the 1960s and 1970s, she co-edited  Between Friends: Letters of James Branch Cabell and Others , founded the James Branch Cabell Society, and encouraged scholars to write about and research James Branch Cabell. ","In the late 1960s, Margaret Freeman Cabell arranged for the donation of James Branch Cabell's personal library to Virginia Commonwealth University. Soon after the establishment of Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) in 1968, created by the merger of the Medical College of Virginia (MCV) and Richmond Professional Institute (RPI), the University began construction for a new library on the Monroe Park Campus. RPI had already planned for a new library and approached Margaret Cabell about naming it for her husband. VCU approved the name, and in 1970, the James Branch Cabell Library opened its doors. Margaret Cabell additionally advocated for the donation of books and materials to Cabell Library's Special Collections and Archives department. Cabell died in Richmond, Virginia on March 28, 1983."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBox/folder, Margaret Freeman Cabell Papers, M 228, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Box/folder, Margaret Freeman Cabell Papers, M 228, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Margaret Waller Freeman Cabell papers date from 1910 to 1982 and consist of papers and memorabilia from the activities of Cabell, James Branch Cabell, Ballard Hartwell Cabell, and other family members. The bulk of the collection contains correspondence between Margaret Freeman Cabell, James Branch Cabell, and their friends, colleagues, and business associates.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eincluding clippings\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith newspaper clippings\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(copies of two letters from JBC, 1919, 1924, from Bond Collection\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter to Stagg from JBC on Rockbridge Alum Springs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese items have their own numbering system\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Margaret Waller Freeman Cabell papers date from 1910 to 1982 and consist of papers and memorabilia from the activities of Cabell, James Branch Cabell, Ballard Hartwell Cabell, and other family members. The bulk of the collection contains correspondence between Margaret Freeman Cabell, James Branch Cabell, and their friends, colleagues, and business associates.","including clippings","with newspaper clippings","(copies of two letters from JBC, 1919, 1924, from Bond Collection","Letter to Stagg from JBC on Rockbridge Alum Springs","These items have their own numbering system"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Terms Governing Use and Reproduction"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Cabell, Margaret Freeman, 1893-1983","Cabell, James Branch, 1879-1958"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library"],"names_coll_ssim":["Cabell, Margaret Freeman, 1893-1983","Cabell, James Branch, 1879-1958"],"persname_ssim":["Cabell, Margaret Freeman, 1893-1983","Cabell, James Branch, 1879-1958"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1476,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T04:40:23.765Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_100_c01_c813"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Writers' Program in West Virginia Records","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Federal Writers' Project","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003ePapers created by the Writers' Program in West Virginia (ca. 1935-1942), a part of the Federal Works Progress Administration (WPA). For more information regarding this Program, please see the Biographical / Historical Note.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_2760.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/196806","title_ssm":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records"],"title_tesim":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["ca. 1850-1942","ca. 1935-1942"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["ca. 1935-1942"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["ca. 1850-1942"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 0454","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2760"],"text":["A\u0026M 0454","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2760","Writers' Program in West Virginia Records","West Virginia","African Americans  -- History -- Miscellanea","African Americans -- Segregation -- West Virginia","African Americans  -- West Virginia -- Monongalia County","African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans.","No special access restriction applies.","The Writers Project was created in 1935 as part of the Federal Works Progress Administration (WPA). Its purpose was to provide employment for historians, teachers, librarians, writers, and others with qualified skills. The field of assignment for those hired was usually confined to the locality of a writer's residence, although some assignments were for statewide subjects.","The objective of the project was to produce a series of sectional guide books under the name \"The American Guide\" focusing on the history, geography, and cultural and economic resources of the United States. Other topics of interest developed, however, and were added to the Project, such as urban and rural folklore, first person narratives or life histories, studies of the cultures of ethnic groups, and authentic narratives of ex-slaves.","The Writers Project became a casualty of World War II. The monies needed to meet the demands for defense were drained from the Writers Project, ending the program in 1942.","archives and manuscripts; pamphlets; photographs / postcards / prints / etc.","183, 454, 527","Papers created by the Writers' Program in West Virginia (ca. 1935-1942), a part of the Federal Works Progress Administration (WPA).  For more information regarding this Program, please see the Biographical / Historical Note.","The Writers' Program collection is arranged into series established on the basis of topics. This topical arrangement simply emerged from the documentation resulting from the subject-based research assignments delegated to the writers.","There are six series in the collection:","Series 1. Counties, Boxes 1-86 \nSeries 2. General Material, Boxes 87-89 \nSeries 3. Folklore by County, Boxes 89-91 \nSeries 4. Harpers Ferry, Boxes 92-93 \nSeries 5. Fact Book, Boxes 93-103 \nSeries 6. Writers Project, Boxes 103-108 \nSeries 7. Oversize, Box 109","The Counties series, the largest series in the collection, includes material focused on the following topics:  natural setting, points of interest, places and place names, early life and occupations, the people, history, Civil War history, biographical sketches, transportation and communication, commerce and industry, cultural and social advances, county government, education, religion, annual events, permanent organizations, and folklore.  Other series in the collection cover many additional topics.","The sources accessed by the writers for their research include: interviews and eyewitness accounts, court records, governmental records, church and cemetery records, family records, and school records. The personnel of local historical societies, educational institutions, governmental agencies, and community organizations were consulted for information as well. In some cases the personal memories and observations of the writers were used as source material. Much of the material in the collection includes cover sheets that indicate sources. The resulting quantity and quality of research and writing varies within the collection.","Published material consulted and transcribed by the Writers' Program includes: newspapers, magazines, journals, bulletins, pamphlets, booklets, high school yearbooks, surveys, business and industry statistics, textbooks, blue books, encyclopedias, and atlases.","Unpublished material, or archives and manuscripts, consulted and transcribed by the Writers' Program includes letters, telegrams, diaries, photographs, transcripts of interviews, and narratives.","Although most material consists of transcriptions, some original documents can be found in the collection as well, both published and unpublished.","Items of special interest include originals and transcripts of letters from the Civil War period in the General Material series. The Harpers Ferry series includes several firsthand accounts regarding the Ferry's rich history, including John Brown's 1859 raid and the Civil War.","The West Virginia County series includes records for 53 of the state's 55 counties, excluding Mineral and Morgan Counties (Mineral County records are in A\u0026M 183):","1. Barbour, boxes 1-4 \n2. Berkeley, boxes 4-5 \n3. Boone, box 5 \n4. Braxton, boxes 6-7 \n5. Brooke, box 7 \n6. Cabell, boxes 7-10 \n7. Calhoun, box 10 \n8. Clay, box 10 \n9. Doddridge, boxes 10-14 \n10. Fayette, boxes 14-16 \n11. Gilmer, boxes 16-20 \n12. Grant, box 20 \n13. Greenbrier, boxes 21-22 \n14. Hardy, boxes 22-23 \n15. Hampshire, box 23 (see also A\u0026M 183) \n16. Hancock, box 24 \n17. Harrison, box 24 \n18. Jackson, box 25 \n19. Jefferson, boxes 25-27 \n20. Kanawha, boxes 28-29 \n21. Lewis, box 29 \n22. Lincoln, box 29 \n23. Logan, box 30 \n24. Marion, box 30 \n25. Marshall, box 31 \n26. Mason, boxes 31-36 \n27. Mercer, boxes 37-42 \nxx. Mineral (in A\u0026M 183) \n28. Mingo, boxes 43-45 \n29. Monongalia, box 46 \n30. Monroe, boxes 47-53 \n31. McDowell, box 54 \n32. Nicholas, boxes 55-57 \n33. Ohio, boxes 57-58 \n34. Pendleton, box 59 \n35. Pleasants, box 59 \n36. Pocahontas, boxes 60-64 \n37. Preston, box 65 \n38. Putnam, boxes 65-67 \n39. Raleigh, boxes 68-70 \n40. Randolph, box 71 \n41. Ritchie, box 71 \n42. Roane, box 71 \n43. Summers, boxes 72-75 \n44. Taylor, boxes 76-77 \n45. Tucker, boxes 78-80 \n46. Tyler, box 80 \n47. Upshur, boxes 80-81 \n48. Wayne, box 81 \n49. Webster, boxes 81-83 \n50. Wetzel, box 83 \n51. Wirt, box 83 \n52. Wood, boxes 84-86 \n53. Wyoming, box 86","Each county in Series 1 contains records documenting some or all of the following 18 topics:","1. Natural Setting. Includes: photographs, clippings, recordings of personal observations, interviews, geological surveys, information from county government nurseries, and the West Virginia Blue book, describing the topography, wild life, terrain, and botanical characteristics of counties.","2. Points of Interest. Includes: narratives and research reports collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, clippings, photographs, maps, and magazine articles regarding subjects deemed to have special significance in the counties such as historic houses, businesses, parks, public buildings, markers, forts, memorials, Native American burial mounds, and battlefields.","3. Places and Places Names. Includes: clippings, narratives, statistics, and histories regarding the naming of cities, towns, communities, and geographic features in the counties.","4. Early Life and Occupations. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, narratives, oral histories, photographs, and illustrations documenting the lives of the first white settlers. Most occupations focused on survival and involved farming, hunting, and fur trading. There are also several narratives recording the relationships between the settlers and the Native Americans.","5. The People. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, census records, and magazine articles among other materials, regarding the diversity and ancestry of past and present residents in the counties, including documentation of their races, nationalities, religions, and cultures.","6. History. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, narratives, muster lists, poll records, oral histories, photographs, clippings, maps, and archeological information regarding the history of the counties, usually beginning with the \"aborigines\" or native inhabitants, the first European settlers, and the relationships between the two cultures, including conflicts; and establishment of county governments and commerce under colonial rule, and later as part of an independent nation. There is also information pertaining to local citizen involvement in battles and wars such as The French and Indian War (1755-1763), Dunmore's War (1774), The American Revolution (1775-1783), The War of 1812 (1812-1814), The Mexican-American War (1846-48), The Spanish -American War (1898), and The First World War (1917-1918).","7. Civil War History. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, narratives, muster rolls, causality lists, correspondence, interviews, personal memoirs, photographs, songs, and poems pertaining to the involvement of county residents, both Union and Confederate, in the \"War Between the States\", including accounts of battles, skirmishes, and related events, mostly in the West Virginia and Virginia region.","8. Biographical Sketches. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, narratives, and photographs regarding notable citizens of the counties.","9. Transportation and Communication. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers Program staff, photographs, surveys, maps, clippings, schedules, statistical charts, transcripts of court records, deeds, and contracts recording the history and development of transportation infrastructure, including roadways, bridges, railroads, waterways, and airfields in the counties, including the introduction of new modes of transportation. There is also information regarding the history and progress of communication technology such as the pony express mail delivery, the telegraph, telephones, radio, airmail delivery, and newspapers.","10. Commerce and Industry. Includes: photographs, clippings, ephemera, statistics, geological surveys, transcripts of mine reports, and biographies of entrepreneurs regarding the major industries of the counties such as mining, oil and natural gas drilling, and the processing and transportation of coal and timber. There are also histories of once successful enterprises, including grain and lumber mills, iron ore producers, glass factories, and potteries.","11. Cultural and Social Advances. Includes: newspaper clippings, magazines articles, correspondence, ephemera, and narratives regarding museums, literary activities and libraries, the arts and theater, medical and health resources, and benevolent organizations.","12. County Government. Includes: memoirs, historical narratives, and other material regarding the formation of the counties and their governments; the location of courthouses; the establishment of laws and statutes, law enforcement, and a judicial system; and New Deal infrastructure projects. There are also transcripts of census records, and of court records such as taxes, wills, deeds, and election results.","13. Education. Includes: research reports and narratives collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, newspaper clippings, class schedules, school enrollments, records of Boards of Education, and photographs regarding the histories, curriculums, facilities, and faculties of county public (\"free\") grade schools, high schools, private and parochial schools, trade schools, colleges, and West Virginia University. In addition there is information pertaining to several \"Negro\" or segregated schools and colleges.","14. Religion. Includes: narratives, research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff; photographs; correspondence; ephemera; and transcripts of church, court, and cemetery records. The bulk of the information pertains to the history of individual Christian churches, regional circuit riders, local clergy, denominations, church buildings, and church schools. There is also material regarding the local African-American churches such as the A.M.E. (the African Methodist Episcopal) church.","15. Annual Events. Includes: newspaper clippings, magazine articles, narratives, calendars, photographs, and ephemera documenting yearly festivals, fairs, contests, parades, jubilees, concerts, and galas among other traditional celebrations in the counties.","16. Permanent Organizations. Includes: narratives, newspaper clippings, and directories documenting clubs, charity groups, councils, associations, societies, lodges and other assemblages such as county historical societies, 4-H clubs, Daughters of the American Revolution, Kiwanis, the Rotary Club, YMCA, YWCA, Boy Scouts, and the Red Cross.","17. Correspondence. Includes: letters, telegrams, memoranda, reports, and assignment sheets with notes and comments recording communications between Writers' Program supervisors, writers, public officials, and local citizens.","18. Folklore. Includes: transcripts of stories and interviews, newspaper and magazines articles, autograph and scrapbook verses, remedies, recipes, song lyrics, and square dance calls, among other materials. The information documents West Virginia's local cultures, traditions, and lore handed down through generations such as ghost stories, legends of local heroes, treatment for physical ailments, omens, and superstitions.","Notable items in the County Series include:","information regarding Native American burial grounds and artifacts (located in Marshall County, box 31, folders 5 and 6);","a narrative explaining how the dispute over the location of the courthouse in Beverly was settled with a game of horseshoes (located in Randolph County, box 71, folder 3);","research regarding the history of transportation along the Ohio River and its tributaries, including the modes used by Native Americans and early European traders, and Ohio River lock schedules and shipping records for 1926-1936 (located in Mason County, box 33, folders 5 and 8);","a transcript of a 1776 \"Petition of the Dissenters of the Tuscarora Congregation in Berkeley County\" addressed to the \"House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Virginia\" regarding the recent \"deliverance from British oppression\" and a request to suspend the Ecclesiastic Establishment (located in box 4, folder 6);","a transcript of several diary entries, 1861/April to 1864/July, authored by Sue N. Riddle, a parishioner of the Presbyterian Church at Martinsburg regarding local Civil War battles, army occupations, involvement of churches in the area, destruction of property, and the arrest of local resident Andrew Hunter (the prosecutor in John Brown's trail) by the Federal Army (located in Berkeley County, box 4, folder 6);","a transcript of an eyewitness account pertaining to the formation of the Monroe Guard (Company D, 27th Virginia, Stonewall Brigade), and a transcript of a letter from Lieutenant John Tiffany of the Monroe Guard to his parents in Monroe County, West Virginia, describing the Battle of Chancellorsville (Tiffany was killed seven weeks later at Gettysburg) (located in Monroe County, box 50, folder 3);","several photographs of industrial sites and workers in southern West Virginia, ca. 1890-1930 (located in Mercer County, box 40, folder 2);","photographs documenting railroad structures, workers, trains, and passenger travel, ca. 1888-1940 (located in Mercer County, box 40, folder 7);","several copies of \"The White Sulphur Springs Echo\" and the \"Lee Week Herald\", ca. 1932-1937, recording events celebrating Confederate General Robert E. Lee and his three post-war holidays at White Sulphur Springs, 1867-1869, including facsimiles of original newsletters from ca. 1870s (located in Greenbrier County, box 22, folder 3);","and information regarding colonial pottery and artisans, such as \"Master\" Foulke and his apprentice, John Thompson (samples of their unique works and tools are in the Smithsonian Museum) (located in Monongalia County, box 46, folder 9).","Includes two original manuscript drafts that were submitted with the editors' comments for Chapter 4: The People, of The History of Monroe County.","General Material includes information related to West Virginia culture such as music, folklore, history, literature, education, artisans, and points of interest. There are also photographs and information regarding Smoke Hole in Pendleton County, and narratives pertaining to \"old characters\" of West Virginia, some of which were published in \"Mountain State Tintype\", a Writers' Program collaboration. The materials in this series include: correspondence, transcripts of court records, transcripts of interviews, poems, songs, newspaper clippings, manuscripts, narratives, editorial essays, and publications.","Notable items in the General Material Series include:","a transcript of Colonel (rank of Captain at the time) Charles Lewis' journal entries of 1756/October-November, recording a march of the Virginia Rangers with Colonel George Washington to the Patterson Creek Valley (now Mineral County), an area heavily attacked by native Americans during the French and Indian War (located in box 87, folder 8);","several transcripts of Civil War letters from both Confederate and Union soldiers involved in numerous battles of the war (some letters also broke the news to families of the wounding and death of loved ones involved in the battles) (located in box 87, folder 8);","three original letters, including an 1861 love letter, an 1861 letter authored by make-up artist and mimic Shannon Butcher, and an 1865 letter from Confederate prisoner of war Stephen Points Jr. in Fort Delaware to Miss Artie Pribble of Wirt County (located in box 88, folder 8).","This series documents West Virginia's local cultures, traditions and lore handed down through generations such as ghost stories, legends of local heroes, treatment for physical ailments, \"tokens\" or omens, war songs, love songs and hymns, memory book verses and tombstone inscriptions, and games (including \"Go to the Mill\" and \"Steal Partners\", played during social gatherings such as \"Molasses Boilin's\" and \"Apple Cutting\" parties). The materials in this series include: transcripts of interviews, narratives, newspaper clippings, magazine articles, poems, remedies, recipes, lyrics of songs and ballads, square dance calls, games, omens and superstitions, and seasonal customs.","Notable items in the Folklore Series include:","remedy for sore and sprained muscles (\"apply coal oil, with a chicken feather, no other kind of feather would do, on affected parts\") (located in box 90, folder 2);","lockjaw prevention (\"if anyone has a puncture wound from a nail, grease the nail and carry it in their pocket until healed, they will never have lockjaw\") (located in box 91, folder 5);","omens and superstitions (\"combings of hair carefully burned lest some bird finds it and builds it into its nest, in which event the person from whose head the hair came would suffer with headache until the fledglings left the nest\") (located in box 91, folder 5);","omens and superstitions (\"take a hoe or spade into the house and a member of the family will die within the year; trim your toenails on Good Friday and you will not have toothache\") (located in box 91, folder 6);","a narrative regarding traditional gatherings called \"workings\", usually involving an act of \"neighborliness\" by the surrounding neighbors helping each other with such tasks as barn raising, harvesting, quilting, and \"putting up\" food for storage (located in box 91, folder 9).","This series documents historical events such as John Brown's raid, Civil War battles and skirmishes, and the harassment and arrests of local citizens by occupying armies. There are also items regarding the striking geographical setting of the Harpers Ferry area and its culture. The materials in the series include: narratives, letters, eyewitness accounts, newspaper clippings, poems, and research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' program staff.","There are several narratives written by Jennie Chambers (ca. 1845-1907) recording events involving Jennie and her family, who lived on Bolivar Heights above Harpers Ferry. These include Jennie's firsthand accounts of:","1. John Brown's raid (located in box 92, folders 5a and 5c, including photocopies of Jennie Chamber's full account as printed in Harper's Monthly, 1902; folders 6a-photocopy and 6c-original newspaper clipping relating an excerpt of Jennie's story);","2. the seizing of the United States Armory by the Virginia militia after the State's secession, and her father's arrest for refusing to yield the armory to the rebels (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, 9c-original document);","3. a heroic episode in 1861 when Jennie, running before the enemy, warned Union pickets of approaching Confederate cavalry (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, and 9c-original document);","4. Jennie's description of the frightening experience of hiding with her family in their cellar in the midst of the shelling by Stonewall Jackson's artillery during the September 15, 1862 attack, and her amazement of the soldiers' conduct after the Federal surrender (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, and 9c-original document).","There are also records documenting events before and after the Civil War, such as a transcript of an 1847 letter from William Shipman of Jefferson County, a United States Army soldier fighting in the Mexican War, regarding the orders from Washington to split up Zachary Taylor's Army (located in box 92, folders 2a-photocopy, and 2b-transcript).","Other notable items in the Harpers Ferry series include:","a transcript of a 1914 interview with John Thomas Allstadt, who was taken hostage by John Brown's raiders in 1859 (Allstadt, 18 years old at the time, was held with his father and others as hostages in the engine house at Harpers Ferry. His eyewitness account of the two day ordeal includes descriptions of the Marines charging the engine house and the capture of John Brown.) (located in box 92, folders 6a-photocopies, 6b-transcripts, and 6c-original clipping);","an original 1895 letter from Kate Field to Mrs. Lightner regarding Miss Field's choice of the property on Bolivar Heights for the relocation of John Brown's Fort (The fort had been targeted for demolition after being on exhibit at the 1893 Chicago World's Fair, and Kate Field raised both public awareness and funds to rescue the fort.) (located in box 92, folders 8a- photocopy and transcript, 8b-original);","a narrative relating the last minute reprieve of three Union deserters as they faced a firing squad on Camp Hill, Harpers Ferry (located in box 92, folders 10a-photocopy, 10b-transcript, 10c-original document);","original and transcripts of letters regarding three brothers, Samuel, Collin and Charles Noland, all Confederate soldiers (Two brothers were POWs at Fort Delaware and one brother was mortally wounded soon after writing to his mother from camp on 20 September 1863.) (located in box 92, folders 11a-photocopies, 11b-transcripts, and 11c-original).","The Fact Book series contains:","1. Fact Book--General, boxes 93-98\n2. Fact Book--Manuscript of \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\", boxes 99-100\n3. Fact Book--African-Americans, boxes 100-103","The materials in this series includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, narratives, inventories, geological studies, transcripts of government reports and records, correspondence, maps, magazine articles, illustrations, bibliographies, statistics, ephemera, graphs, clippings, bibliographies, manuscripts, newsletters, transcripts of court records, newspaper articles, editorials, and interviews.","1. \"Fact Book--General\" includes material regarding several topics that are also listed in the Counties series, however this material relates to the State. There is also information pertaining to agriculture, architecture, sports and recreation, coal, labor and miners, federal and state government, courts, public health and other services, Revolutionary War records, West Virginia authors, Greeks and Lithuanians in West Virginia, covered bridges, geology and geography, and newspapers published in West Virginia.","Notable items in Fact Book--General include:","typescripts of the 1795-1800 Kentucky and Virginia boundary line settlement, and excerpts from 1870 United States Supreme Court Reports regarding the transfer of Jefferson and Berkeley Counties from Virginia to West Virginia (located in box 95, folder 1);","a typescript of the 1919 report from a commission appointed by West Virginia Governor Cornwell regarding the charges by coal miners against coal operators (the coal operators were accused of employing armed guards and posting them in the Guyan field of Logan County to physically assault and intimidate miners) (located in box 95, folder 6).","2. \"Fact Book--Manuscript\" includes a set of typescripts for \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\".","3. \"Factbook--African-Americans\" contains materials from ca. 1815-1942 documenting African-Americans in West Virginia, including records regarding slavery, abolition, and antebellum laws. There are also biographies of several prominent individuals, and information regarding educational institutions, organizations, and rural life.","Notable materials in Fact Book--African-Americans include:","several transcripts of county court records regarding slavery, such as wills claiming slaves as chattel (for delivery to a new owner \"forever\"), declarations of emancipation, bills of sale for slaves, records regarding the use of slaves as payment to settle debts, and indictments of \"free negroes\" on various charges (many of whom were charged with remaining in the Commonwealth of Virginia after manumission);","transcripts of articles and editorials, ca. 1814-1860, from western Virginia newspapers addressing several issues regarding slavery such as expansion into the territories of the western United States, abolition of slavery, treatment of freemen, and reactions to Harriet Beecher Stowe's \"Uncle Tom's Cabin\";","newspaper article regarding an attempt by slave traders to kidnap a free African-American in Wellsville, reported 1858/7/17 in The Wheeling Daily Intelligencer (located in box 100, folder 3);","article entitled \"Slave Trade Horrors\" reporting the capture by authorities of a slave trade vessel off the Virginia coast (out of 120 slaves on board all but two were age eleven or younger) reported 1841/12/4 in The Kanawha Republican (located in box 100, folder 3);","transcripts of newspaper articles and editorials from western Virginia newspapers regarding John Brown's raid at Harper's Ferry, the raiders' trials, their executions, and the reactions of Virginians, the deep south, and northern states (located in box 100, folder 4 and box 103, folder 1);","interviews, narratives, and research reports regarding successful and prominent African-Americans in West Virginia (ca. 1900-1942) such as John Warren Davis, President of West Virginia State College (located in box 100, folder 5);","transcript of the Virginia Court of Appeals decision regarding a challenge to a deceased slave-owner's Will (The Will declared his slaves were to be allowed to choose either freedom or to remain enslaved to a new master. The court ruled against the last request of the deceased and in favor of the executor of the Will, claiming the African-Americans were not capable of making such a decision and therefore were to stay in bondage.) (located in box 100, folder 8).","Includes records related to publication of \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\". Includes correspondence, narratives, research reports, and forms collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff. Correspondence is between federal and state offices of the Writers Program, government officials, local chambers of commerce, national and state publications and newspapers, prominent historian Dr. Roy Bird Cook (located in box 104, folder 6), and West Virginia University professors such as Louis Chappell and Maurice Brooks, among others (located in box 104, folders 1-5). Several of the narratives are in a traveling tour format, recording directions, locations, and information pertaining to points of interest throughout the state. There are also drafts, final manuscripts, and galleys for \"A Guide to the Mountain State\". Also includes magazine articles, newspaper clippings, statistics, chemical analyses, photographs, manuscripts, and illustrations related to publication of the \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\".","Additional administrative records for the Writers' Program in West Virginia can be found in A\u0026M 527, West Virginia University, WPA Writers Project, Records, at this repository.","Notable items in the Writers' Project series include:","information pertaining to mineral springs such as White Sulphur Springs, Salt Springs, Capon Springs, and Old Sweet Springs, among others (located in box 103, folder 4);","historical narratives regarding the first telephone service in West Virginia, and the introduction of the first night-train travel service by Henry G. Davis (both items located in box 103, folder 9);","transcripts of correspondence (1747-1754) between The Board of Trade and Plantations and the Royal Governors of the Colony Of Virginia regarding French encroachment and Indian attacks in the English colony's territory, including a 1754 letter from Governor Dinwiddie reporting \"Mr. Washington's\" observations during his recent expedition to the western Virginia territory (located in box 104, folder 9);","transcripts of excerpts from the 1743-1748 journals of Moravian missionaries Leonard Schnell, Robert Hussey, Matthias Gottschalk, Joseph Spangenberg, and Matthew Reutz during their travels through northwestern Virginia (Patterson Creek and South Branch) down the Shenandoah Valley to Georgia, recording their observations of the wilderness and reactions to their ministries (located in box 104, folder 11);","transcript of a proclamation from Virginia's Royal Lt. Governor Gooch, warning settlers that \"... Itinerant Preachers have...crept into this Colony...those corrupters of our Faith and true religion to propagate their shocking doctrines...\" (located in box 104, folder 11).","Includes oversize material transferred from other record series. Includes: publications related to Greenbrier County and White Sulphur Springs transferred from box 22, folder 3.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Federal Writers' Project","Writers' Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of West Virginia","English"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 0454","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2760"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records"],"collection_title_tesim":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records"],"collection_ssim":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["West Virginia"],"geogname_ssim":["West Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Federal Writers' Project"],"creator_ssim":["Federal Writers' Project"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Federal Writers' Project"],"creators_ssim":["Federal Writers' Project"],"places_ssim":["West Virginia"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans  -- History -- Miscellanea","African Americans -- Segregation -- West Virginia","African Americans  -- West Virginia -- Monongalia County","African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans."],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans  -- History -- Miscellanea","African Americans -- Segregation -- West Virginia","African Americans  -- West Virginia -- Monongalia County","African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["45.6 Linear Feet 45 ft. 7 in. (109 document cases, 5 in. each); (1 flat storage box, 2 in.)"],"extent_tesim":["45.6 Linear Feet 45 ft. 7 in. (109 document cases, 5 in. each); (1 flat storage box, 2 in.)"],"date_range_isim":[1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Writers Project was created in 1935 as part of the Federal Works Progress Administration (WPA). Its purpose was to provide employment for historians, teachers, librarians, writers, and others with qualified skills. The field of assignment for those hired was usually confined to the locality of a writer's residence, although some assignments were for statewide subjects.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe objective of the project was to produce a series of sectional guide books under the name \"The American Guide\" focusing on the history, geography, and cultural and economic resources of the United States. Other topics of interest developed, however, and were added to the Project, such as urban and rural folklore, first person narratives or life histories, studies of the cultures of ethnic groups, and authentic narratives of ex-slaves.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Writers Project became a casualty of World War II. The monies needed to meet the demands for defense were drained from the Writers Project, ending the program in 1942.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Writers Project was created in 1935 as part of the Federal Works Progress Administration (WPA). Its purpose was to provide employment for historians, teachers, librarians, writers, and others with qualified skills. The field of assignment for those hired was usually confined to the locality of a writer's residence, although some assignments were for statewide subjects.","The objective of the project was to produce a series of sectional guide books under the name \"The American Guide\" focusing on the history, geography, and cultural and economic resources of the United States. Other topics of interest developed, however, and were added to the Project, such as urban and rural folklore, first person narratives or life histories, studies of the cultures of ethnic groups, and authentic narratives of ex-slaves.","The Writers Project became a casualty of World War II. The monies needed to meet the demands for defense were drained from the Writers Project, ending the program in 1942."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003earchives and manuscripts; pamphlets; photographs / postcards / prints / etc.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Legacy Formats"],"odd_tesim":["archives and manuscripts; pamphlets; photographs / postcards / prints / etc."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, A\u0026amp;M 0454, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, A\u0026M 0454, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e183, 454, 527\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related A\u0026M Collections"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["183, 454, 527"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers created by the Writers' Program in West Virginia (ca. 1935-1942), a part of the Federal Works Progress Administration (WPA).  For more information regarding this Program, please see the Biographical / Historical Note.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Writers' Program collection is arranged into series established on the basis of topics. This topical arrangement simply emerged from the documentation resulting from the subject-based research assignments delegated to the writers.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere are six series in the collection:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1. Counties, Boxes 1-86\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 2. General Material, Boxes 87-89\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 3. Folklore by County, Boxes 89-91\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 4. Harpers Ferry, Boxes 92-93\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 5. Fact Book, Boxes 93-103\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 6. Writers Project, Boxes 103-108\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 7. Oversize, Box 109\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Counties series, the largest series in the collection, includes material focused on the following topics:  natural setting, points of interest, places and place names, early life and occupations, the people, history, Civil War history, biographical sketches, transportation and communication, commerce and industry, cultural and social advances, county government, education, religion, annual events, permanent organizations, and folklore.  Other series in the collection cover many additional topics.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe sources accessed by the writers for their research include: interviews and eyewitness accounts, court records, governmental records, church and cemetery records, family records, and school records. The personnel of local historical societies, educational institutions, governmental agencies, and community organizations were consulted for information as well. In some cases the personal memories and observations of the writers were used as source material. Much of the material in the collection includes cover sheets that indicate sources. The resulting quantity and quality of research and writing varies within the collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePublished material consulted and transcribed by the Writers' Program includes: newspapers, magazines, journals, bulletins, pamphlets, booklets, high school yearbooks, surveys, business and industry statistics, textbooks, blue books, encyclopedias, and atlases.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUnpublished material, or archives and manuscripts, consulted and transcribed by the Writers' Program includes letters, telegrams, diaries, photographs, transcripts of interviews, and narratives.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlthough most material consists of transcriptions, some original documents can be found in the collection as well, both published and unpublished.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eItems of special interest include originals and transcripts of letters from the Civil War period in the General Material series. The Harpers Ferry series includes several firsthand accounts regarding the Ferry's rich history, including John Brown's 1859 raid and the Civil War.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe West Virginia County series includes records for 53 of the state's 55 counties, excluding Mineral and Morgan Counties (Mineral County records are in A\u0026amp;M 183):\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1. Barbour, boxes 1-4\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n2. Berkeley, boxes 4-5\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n3. Boone, box 5\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n4. Braxton, boxes 6-7\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n5. Brooke, box 7\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n6. Cabell, boxes 7-10\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n7. Calhoun, box 10\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n8. Clay, box 10\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n9. Doddridge, boxes 10-14\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n10. Fayette, boxes 14-16\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n11. Gilmer, boxes 16-20\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n12. Grant, box 20\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n13. Greenbrier, boxes 21-22\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n14. Hardy, boxes 22-23\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n15. Hampshire, box 23 (see also A\u0026amp;M 183)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n16. Hancock, box 24\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n17. Harrison, box 24\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n18. Jackson, box 25\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n19. Jefferson, boxes 25-27\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n20. Kanawha, boxes 28-29\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n21. Lewis, box 29\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n22. Lincoln, box 29\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n23. Logan, box 30\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n24. Marion, box 30\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n25. Marshall, box 31\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n26. Mason, boxes 31-36\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n27. Mercer, boxes 37-42\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nxx. Mineral (in A\u0026amp;M 183)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n28. Mingo, boxes 43-45\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n29. Monongalia, box 46\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n30. Monroe, boxes 47-53\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n31. McDowell, box 54\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n32. Nicholas, boxes 55-57\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n33. Ohio, boxes 57-58\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n34. Pendleton, box 59\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n35. Pleasants, box 59\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n36. Pocahontas, boxes 60-64\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n37. Preston, box 65\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n38. Putnam, boxes 65-67\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n39. Raleigh, boxes 68-70\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n40. Randolph, box 71\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n41. Ritchie, box 71\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n42. Roane, box 71\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n43. Summers, boxes 72-75\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n44. Taylor, boxes 76-77\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n45. Tucker, boxes 78-80\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n46. Tyler, box 80\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n47. Upshur, boxes 80-81\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n48. Wayne, box 81\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n49. Webster, boxes 81-83\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n50. Wetzel, box 83\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n51. Wirt, box 83\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n52. Wood, boxes 84-86\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n53. Wyoming, box 86\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEach county in Series 1 contains records documenting some or all of the following 18 topics:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1. Natural Setting. Includes: photographs, clippings, recordings of personal observations, interviews, geological surveys, information from county government nurseries, and the West Virginia Blue book, describing the topography, wild life, terrain, and botanical characteristics of counties.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2. Points of Interest. Includes: narratives and research reports collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, clippings, photographs, maps, and magazine articles regarding subjects deemed to have special significance in the counties such as historic houses, businesses, parks, public buildings, markers, forts, memorials, Native American burial mounds, and battlefields.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e3. Places and Places Names. Includes: clippings, narratives, statistics, and histories regarding the naming of cities, towns, communities, and geographic features in the counties.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e4. Early Life and Occupations. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, narratives, oral histories, photographs, and illustrations documenting the lives of the first white settlers. Most occupations focused on survival and involved farming, hunting, and fur trading. There are also several narratives recording the relationships between the settlers and the Native Americans.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e5. The People. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, census records, and magazine articles among other materials, regarding the diversity and ancestry of past and present residents in the counties, including documentation of their races, nationalities, religions, and cultures.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e6. History. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, narratives, muster lists, poll records, oral histories, photographs, clippings, maps, and archeological information regarding the history of the counties, usually beginning with the \"aborigines\" or native inhabitants, the first European settlers, and the relationships between the two cultures, including conflicts; and establishment of county governments and commerce under colonial rule, and later as part of an independent nation. There is also information pertaining to local citizen involvement in battles and wars such as The French and Indian War (1755-1763), Dunmore's War (1774), The American Revolution (1775-1783), The War of 1812 (1812-1814), The Mexican-American War (1846-48), The Spanish -American War (1898), and The First World War (1917-1918).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e7. Civil War History. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, narratives, muster rolls, causality lists, correspondence, interviews, personal memoirs, photographs, songs, and poems pertaining to the involvement of county residents, both Union and Confederate, in the \"War Between the States\", including accounts of battles, skirmishes, and related events, mostly in the West Virginia and Virginia region.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e8. Biographical Sketches. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, narratives, and photographs regarding notable citizens of the counties.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e9. Transportation and Communication. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers Program staff, photographs, surveys, maps, clippings, schedules, statistical charts, transcripts of court records, deeds, and contracts recording the history and development of transportation infrastructure, including roadways, bridges, railroads, waterways, and airfields in the counties, including the introduction of new modes of transportation. There is also information regarding the history and progress of communication technology such as the pony express mail delivery, the telegraph, telephones, radio, airmail delivery, and newspapers.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e10. Commerce and Industry. Includes: photographs, clippings, ephemera, statistics, geological surveys, transcripts of mine reports, and biographies of entrepreneurs regarding the major industries of the counties such as mining, oil and natural gas drilling, and the processing and transportation of coal and timber. There are also histories of once successful enterprises, including grain and lumber mills, iron ore producers, glass factories, and potteries.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e11. Cultural and Social Advances. Includes: newspaper clippings, magazines articles, correspondence, ephemera, and narratives regarding museums, literary activities and libraries, the arts and theater, medical and health resources, and benevolent organizations.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e12. County Government. Includes: memoirs, historical narratives, and other material regarding the formation of the counties and their governments; the location of courthouses; the establishment of laws and statutes, law enforcement, and a judicial system; and New Deal infrastructure projects. There are also transcripts of census records, and of court records such as taxes, wills, deeds, and election results.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e13. Education. Includes: research reports and narratives collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, newspaper clippings, class schedules, school enrollments, records of Boards of Education, and photographs regarding the histories, curriculums, facilities, and faculties of county public (\"free\") grade schools, high schools, private and parochial schools, trade schools, colleges, and West Virginia University. In addition there is information pertaining to several \"Negro\" or segregated schools and colleges.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e14. Religion. Includes: narratives, research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff; photographs; correspondence; ephemera; and transcripts of church, court, and cemetery records. The bulk of the information pertains to the history of individual Christian churches, regional circuit riders, local clergy, denominations, church buildings, and church schools. There is also material regarding the local African-American churches such as the A.M.E. (the African Methodist Episcopal) church.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e15. Annual Events. Includes: newspaper clippings, magazine articles, narratives, calendars, photographs, and ephemera documenting yearly festivals, fairs, contests, parades, jubilees, concerts, and galas among other traditional celebrations in the counties.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e16. Permanent Organizations. Includes: narratives, newspaper clippings, and directories documenting clubs, charity groups, councils, associations, societies, lodges and other assemblages such as county historical societies, 4-H clubs, Daughters of the American Revolution, Kiwanis, the Rotary Club, YMCA, YWCA, Boy Scouts, and the Red Cross.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e17. Correspondence. Includes: letters, telegrams, memoranda, reports, and assignment sheets with notes and comments recording communications between Writers' Program supervisors, writers, public officials, and local citizens.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e18. Folklore. Includes: transcripts of stories and interviews, newspaper and magazines articles, autograph and scrapbook verses, remedies, recipes, song lyrics, and square dance calls, among other materials. The information documents West Virginia's local cultures, traditions, and lore handed down through generations such as ghost stories, legends of local heroes, treatment for physical ailments, omens, and superstitions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNotable items in the County Series include:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003einformation regarding Native American burial grounds and artifacts (located in Marshall County, box 31, folders 5 and 6);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ea narrative explaining how the dispute over the location of the courthouse in Beverly was settled with a game of horseshoes (located in Randolph County, box 71, folder 3);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eresearch regarding the history of transportation along the Ohio River and its tributaries, including the modes used by Native Americans and early European traders, and Ohio River lock schedules and shipping records for 1926-1936 (located in Mason County, box 33, folders 5 and 8);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ea transcript of a 1776 \"Petition of the Dissenters of the Tuscarora Congregation in Berkeley County\" addressed to the \"House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Virginia\" regarding the recent \"deliverance from British oppression\" and a request to suspend the Ecclesiastic Establishment (located in box 4, folder 6);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ea transcript of several diary entries, 1861/April to 1864/July, authored by Sue N. Riddle, a parishioner of the Presbyterian Church at Martinsburg regarding local Civil War battles, army occupations, involvement of churches in the area, destruction of property, and the arrest of local resident Andrew Hunter (the prosecutor in John Brown's trail) by the Federal Army (located in Berkeley County, box 4, folder 6);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ea transcript of an eyewitness account pertaining to the formation of the Monroe Guard (Company D, 27th Virginia, Stonewall Brigade), and a transcript of a letter from Lieutenant John Tiffany of the Monroe Guard to his parents in Monroe County, West Virginia, describing the Battle of Chancellorsville (Tiffany was killed seven weeks later at Gettysburg) (located in Monroe County, box 50, folder 3);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eseveral photographs of industrial sites and workers in southern West Virginia, ca. 1890-1930 (located in Mercer County, box 40, folder 2);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ephotographs documenting railroad structures, workers, trains, and passenger travel, ca. 1888-1940 (located in Mercer County, box 40, folder 7);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eseveral copies of \"The White Sulphur Springs Echo\" and the \"Lee Week Herald\", ca. 1932-1937, recording events celebrating Confederate General Robert E. Lee and his three post-war holidays at White Sulphur Springs, 1867-1869, including facsimiles of original newsletters from ca. 1870s (located in Greenbrier County, box 22, folder 3);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eand information regarding colonial pottery and artisans, such as \"Master\" Foulke and his apprentice, John Thompson (samples of their unique works and tools are in the Smithsonian Museum) (located in Monongalia County, box 46, folder 9).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes two original manuscript drafts that were submitted with the editors' comments for Chapter 4: The People, of The History of Monroe County.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGeneral Material includes information related to West Virginia culture such as music, folklore, history, literature, education, artisans, and points of interest. There are also photographs and information regarding Smoke Hole in Pendleton County, and narratives pertaining to \"old characters\" of West Virginia, some of which were published in \"Mountain State Tintype\", a Writers' Program collaboration. The materials in this series include: correspondence, transcripts of court records, transcripts of interviews, poems, songs, newspaper clippings, manuscripts, narratives, editorial essays, and publications.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNotable items in the General Material Series include:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ea transcript of Colonel (rank of Captain at the time) Charles Lewis' journal entries of 1756/October-November, recording a march of the Virginia Rangers with Colonel George Washington to the Patterson Creek Valley (now Mineral County), an area heavily attacked by native Americans during the French and Indian War (located in box 87, folder 8);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eseveral transcripts of Civil War letters from both Confederate and Union soldiers involved in numerous battles of the war (some letters also broke the news to families of the wounding and death of loved ones involved in the battles) (located in box 87, folder 8);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ethree original letters, including an 1861 love letter, an 1861 letter authored by make-up artist and mimic Shannon Butcher, and an 1865 letter from Confederate prisoner of war Stephen Points Jr. in Fort Delaware to Miss Artie Pribble of Wirt County (located in box 88, folder 8).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series documents West Virginia's local cultures, traditions and lore handed down through generations such as ghost stories, legends of local heroes, treatment for physical ailments, \"tokens\" or omens, war songs, love songs and hymns, memory book verses and tombstone inscriptions, and games (including \"Go to the Mill\" and \"Steal Partners\", played during social gatherings such as \"Molasses Boilin's\" and \"Apple Cutting\" parties). The materials in this series include: transcripts of interviews, narratives, newspaper clippings, magazine articles, poems, remedies, recipes, lyrics of songs and ballads, square dance calls, games, omens and superstitions, and seasonal customs.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNotable items in the Folklore Series include:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eremedy for sore and sprained muscles (\"apply coal oil, with a chicken feather, no other kind of feather would do, on affected parts\") (located in box 90, folder 2);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003elockjaw prevention (\"if anyone has a puncture wound from a nail, grease the nail and carry it in their pocket until healed, they will never have lockjaw\") (located in box 91, folder 5);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eomens and superstitions (\"combings of hair carefully burned lest some bird finds it and builds it into its nest, in which event the person from whose head the hair came would suffer with headache until the fledglings left the nest\") (located in box 91, folder 5);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eomens and superstitions (\"take a hoe or spade into the house and a member of the family will die within the year; trim your toenails on Good Friday and you will not have toothache\") (located in box 91, folder 6);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ea narrative regarding traditional gatherings called \"workings\", usually involving an act of \"neighborliness\" by the surrounding neighbors helping each other with such tasks as barn raising, harvesting, quilting, and \"putting up\" food for storage (located in box 91, folder 9).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series documents historical events such as John Brown's raid, Civil War battles and skirmishes, and the harassment and arrests of local citizens by occupying armies. There are also items regarding the striking geographical setting of the Harpers Ferry area and its culture. The materials in the series include: narratives, letters, eyewitness accounts, newspaper clippings, poems, and research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' program staff.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere are several narratives written by Jennie Chambers (ca. 1845-1907) recording events involving Jennie and her family, who lived on Bolivar Heights above Harpers Ferry. These include Jennie's firsthand accounts of:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1. John Brown's raid (located in box 92, folders 5a and 5c, including photocopies of Jennie Chamber's full account as printed in Harper's Monthly, 1902; folders 6a-photocopy and 6c-original newspaper clipping relating an excerpt of Jennie's story);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2. the seizing of the United States Armory by the Virginia militia after the State's secession, and her father's arrest for refusing to yield the armory to the rebels (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, 9c-original document);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e3. a heroic episode in 1861 when Jennie, running before the enemy, warned Union pickets of approaching Confederate cavalry (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, and 9c-original document);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e4. Jennie's description of the frightening experience of hiding with her family in their cellar in the midst of the shelling by Stonewall Jackson's artillery during the September 15, 1862 attack, and her amazement of the soldiers' conduct after the Federal surrender (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, and 9c-original document).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere are also records documenting events before and after the Civil War, such as a transcript of an 1847 letter from William Shipman of Jefferson County, a United States Army soldier fighting in the Mexican War, regarding the orders from Washington to split up Zachary Taylor's Army (located in box 92, folders 2a-photocopy, and 2b-transcript).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOther notable items in the Harpers Ferry series include:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ea transcript of a 1914 interview with John Thomas Allstadt, who was taken hostage by John Brown's raiders in 1859 (Allstadt, 18 years old at the time, was held with his father and others as hostages in the engine house at Harpers Ferry. His eyewitness account of the two day ordeal includes descriptions of the Marines charging the engine house and the capture of John Brown.) (located in box 92, folders 6a-photocopies, 6b-transcripts, and 6c-original clipping);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ean original 1895 letter from Kate Field to Mrs. Lightner regarding Miss Field's choice of the property on Bolivar Heights for the relocation of John Brown's Fort (The fort had been targeted for demolition after being on exhibit at the 1893 Chicago World's Fair, and Kate Field raised both public awareness and funds to rescue the fort.) (located in box 92, folders 8a- photocopy and transcript, 8b-original);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ea narrative relating the last minute reprieve of three Union deserters as they faced a firing squad on Camp Hill, Harpers Ferry (located in box 92, folders 10a-photocopy, 10b-transcript, 10c-original document);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eoriginal and transcripts of letters regarding three brothers, Samuel, Collin and Charles Noland, all Confederate soldiers (Two brothers were POWs at Fort Delaware and one brother was mortally wounded soon after writing to his mother from camp on 20 September 1863.) (located in box 92, folders 11a-photocopies, 11b-transcripts, and 11c-original).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Fact Book series contains:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1. Fact Book--General, boxes 93-98\n2. Fact Book--Manuscript of \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\", boxes 99-100\n3. Fact Book--African-Americans, boxes 100-103\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe materials in this series includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, narratives, inventories, geological studies, transcripts of government reports and records, correspondence, maps, magazine articles, illustrations, bibliographies, statistics, ephemera, graphs, clippings, bibliographies, manuscripts, newsletters, transcripts of court records, newspaper articles, editorials, and interviews.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1. \"Fact Book--General\" includes material regarding several topics that are also listed in the Counties series, however this material relates to the State. There is also information pertaining to agriculture, architecture, sports and recreation, coal, labor and miners, federal and state government, courts, public health and other services, Revolutionary War records, West Virginia authors, Greeks and Lithuanians in West Virginia, covered bridges, geology and geography, and newspapers published in West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNotable items in Fact Book--General include:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003etypescripts of the 1795-1800 Kentucky and Virginia boundary line settlement, and excerpts from 1870 United States Supreme Court Reports regarding the transfer of Jefferson and Berkeley Counties from Virginia to West Virginia (located in box 95, folder 1);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ea typescript of the 1919 report from a commission appointed by West Virginia Governor Cornwell regarding the charges by coal miners against coal operators (the coal operators were accused of employing armed guards and posting them in the Guyan field of Logan County to physically assault and intimidate miners) (located in box 95, folder 6).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2. \"Fact Book--Manuscript\" includes a set of typescripts for \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\".\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e3. \"Factbook--African-Americans\" contains materials from ca. 1815-1942 documenting African-Americans in West Virginia, including records regarding slavery, abolition, and antebellum laws. There are also biographies of several prominent individuals, and information regarding educational institutions, organizations, and rural life.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNotable materials in Fact Book--African-Americans include:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eseveral transcripts of county court records regarding slavery, such as wills claiming slaves as chattel (for delivery to a new owner \"forever\"), declarations of emancipation, bills of sale for slaves, records regarding the use of slaves as payment to settle debts, and indictments of \"free negroes\" on various charges (many of whom were charged with remaining in the Commonwealth of Virginia after manumission);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003etranscripts of articles and editorials, ca. 1814-1860, from western Virginia newspapers addressing several issues regarding slavery such as expansion into the territories of the western United States, abolition of slavery, treatment of freemen, and reactions to Harriet Beecher Stowe's \"Uncle Tom's Cabin\";\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003enewspaper article regarding an attempt by slave traders to kidnap a free African-American in Wellsville, reported 1858/7/17 in The Wheeling Daily Intelligencer (located in box 100, folder 3);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003earticle entitled \"Slave Trade Horrors\" reporting the capture by authorities of a slave trade vessel off the Virginia coast (out of 120 slaves on board all but two were age eleven or younger) reported 1841/12/4 in The Kanawha Republican (located in box 100, folder 3);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003etranscripts of newspaper articles and editorials from western Virginia newspapers regarding John Brown's raid at Harper's Ferry, the raiders' trials, their executions, and the reactions of Virginians, the deep south, and northern states (located in box 100, folder 4 and box 103, folder 1);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003einterviews, narratives, and research reports regarding successful and prominent African-Americans in West Virginia (ca. 1900-1942) such as John Warren Davis, President of West Virginia State College (located in box 100, folder 5);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003etranscript of the Virginia Court of Appeals decision regarding a challenge to a deceased slave-owner's Will (The Will declared his slaves were to be allowed to choose either freedom or to remain enslaved to a new master. The court ruled against the last request of the deceased and in favor of the executor of the Will, claiming the African-Americans were not capable of making such a decision and therefore were to stay in bondage.) (located in box 100, folder 8).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes records related to publication of \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\". Includes correspondence, narratives, research reports, and forms collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff. Correspondence is between federal and state offices of the Writers Program, government officials, local chambers of commerce, national and state publications and newspapers, prominent historian Dr. Roy Bird Cook (located in box 104, folder 6), and West Virginia University professors such as Louis Chappell and Maurice Brooks, among others (located in box 104, folders 1-5). Several of the narratives are in a traveling tour format, recording directions, locations, and information pertaining to points of interest throughout the state. There are also drafts, final manuscripts, and galleys for \"A Guide to the Mountain State\". Also includes magazine articles, newspaper clippings, statistics, chemical analyses, photographs, manuscripts, and illustrations related to publication of the \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\".\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAdditional administrative records for the Writers' Program in West Virginia can be found in A\u0026amp;M 527, West Virginia University, WPA Writers Project, Records, at this repository.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNotable items in the Writers' Project series include:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003einformation pertaining to mineral springs such as White Sulphur Springs, Salt Springs, Capon Springs, and Old Sweet Springs, among others (located in box 103, folder 4);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ehistorical narratives regarding the first telephone service in West Virginia, and the introduction of the first night-train travel service by Henry G. Davis (both items located in box 103, folder 9);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003etranscripts of correspondence (1747-1754) between The Board of Trade and Plantations and the Royal Governors of the Colony Of Virginia regarding French encroachment and Indian attacks in the English colony's territory, including a 1754 letter from Governor Dinwiddie reporting \"Mr. Washington's\" observations during his recent expedition to the western Virginia territory (located in box 104, folder 9);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003etranscripts of excerpts from the 1743-1748 journals of Moravian missionaries Leonard Schnell, Robert Hussey, Matthias Gottschalk, Joseph Spangenberg, and Matthew Reutz during their travels through northwestern Virginia (Patterson Creek and South Branch) down the Shenandoah Valley to Georgia, recording their observations of the wilderness and reactions to their ministries (located in box 104, folder 11);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003etranscript of a proclamation from Virginia's Royal Lt. Governor Gooch, warning settlers that \"... Itinerant Preachers have...crept into this Colony...those corrupters of our Faith and true religion to propagate their shocking doctrines...\" (located in box 104, folder 11).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes oversize material transferred from other record series. Includes: publications related to Greenbrier County and White Sulphur Springs transferred from box 22, folder 3.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Papers created by the Writers' Program in West Virginia (ca. 1935-1942), a part of the Federal Works Progress Administration (WPA).  For more information regarding this Program, please see the Biographical / Historical Note.","The Writers' Program collection is arranged into series established on the basis of topics. This topical arrangement simply emerged from the documentation resulting from the subject-based research assignments delegated to the writers.","There are six series in the collection:","Series 1. Counties, Boxes 1-86 \nSeries 2. General Material, Boxes 87-89 \nSeries 3. Folklore by County, Boxes 89-91 \nSeries 4. Harpers Ferry, Boxes 92-93 \nSeries 5. Fact Book, Boxes 93-103 \nSeries 6. Writers Project, Boxes 103-108 \nSeries 7. Oversize, Box 109","The Counties series, the largest series in the collection, includes material focused on the following topics:  natural setting, points of interest, places and place names, early life and occupations, the people, history, Civil War history, biographical sketches, transportation and communication, commerce and industry, cultural and social advances, county government, education, religion, annual events, permanent organizations, and folklore.  Other series in the collection cover many additional topics.","The sources accessed by the writers for their research include: interviews and eyewitness accounts, court records, governmental records, church and cemetery records, family records, and school records. The personnel of local historical societies, educational institutions, governmental agencies, and community organizations were consulted for information as well. In some cases the personal memories and observations of the writers were used as source material. Much of the material in the collection includes cover sheets that indicate sources. The resulting quantity and quality of research and writing varies within the collection.","Published material consulted and transcribed by the Writers' Program includes: newspapers, magazines, journals, bulletins, pamphlets, booklets, high school yearbooks, surveys, business and industry statistics, textbooks, blue books, encyclopedias, and atlases.","Unpublished material, or archives and manuscripts, consulted and transcribed by the Writers' Program includes letters, telegrams, diaries, photographs, transcripts of interviews, and narratives.","Although most material consists of transcriptions, some original documents can be found in the collection as well, both published and unpublished.","Items of special interest include originals and transcripts of letters from the Civil War period in the General Material series. The Harpers Ferry series includes several firsthand accounts regarding the Ferry's rich history, including John Brown's 1859 raid and the Civil War.","The West Virginia County series includes records for 53 of the state's 55 counties, excluding Mineral and Morgan Counties (Mineral County records are in A\u0026M 183):","1. Barbour, boxes 1-4 \n2. Berkeley, boxes 4-5 \n3. Boone, box 5 \n4. Braxton, boxes 6-7 \n5. Brooke, box 7 \n6. Cabell, boxes 7-10 \n7. Calhoun, box 10 \n8. Clay, box 10 \n9. Doddridge, boxes 10-14 \n10. Fayette, boxes 14-16 \n11. Gilmer, boxes 16-20 \n12. Grant, box 20 \n13. Greenbrier, boxes 21-22 \n14. Hardy, boxes 22-23 \n15. Hampshire, box 23 (see also A\u0026M 183) \n16. Hancock, box 24 \n17. Harrison, box 24 \n18. Jackson, box 25 \n19. Jefferson, boxes 25-27 \n20. Kanawha, boxes 28-29 \n21. Lewis, box 29 \n22. Lincoln, box 29 \n23. Logan, box 30 \n24. Marion, box 30 \n25. Marshall, box 31 \n26. Mason, boxes 31-36 \n27. Mercer, boxes 37-42 \nxx. Mineral (in A\u0026M 183) \n28. Mingo, boxes 43-45 \n29. Monongalia, box 46 \n30. Monroe, boxes 47-53 \n31. McDowell, box 54 \n32. Nicholas, boxes 55-57 \n33. Ohio, boxes 57-58 \n34. Pendleton, box 59 \n35. Pleasants, box 59 \n36. Pocahontas, boxes 60-64 \n37. Preston, box 65 \n38. Putnam, boxes 65-67 \n39. Raleigh, boxes 68-70 \n40. Randolph, box 71 \n41. Ritchie, box 71 \n42. Roane, box 71 \n43. Summers, boxes 72-75 \n44. Taylor, boxes 76-77 \n45. Tucker, boxes 78-80 \n46. Tyler, box 80 \n47. Upshur, boxes 80-81 \n48. Wayne, box 81 \n49. Webster, boxes 81-83 \n50. Wetzel, box 83 \n51. Wirt, box 83 \n52. Wood, boxes 84-86 \n53. Wyoming, box 86","Each county in Series 1 contains records documenting some or all of the following 18 topics:","1. Natural Setting. Includes: photographs, clippings, recordings of personal observations, interviews, geological surveys, information from county government nurseries, and the West Virginia Blue book, describing the topography, wild life, terrain, and botanical characteristics of counties.","2. Points of Interest. Includes: narratives and research reports collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, clippings, photographs, maps, and magazine articles regarding subjects deemed to have special significance in the counties such as historic houses, businesses, parks, public buildings, markers, forts, memorials, Native American burial mounds, and battlefields.","3. Places and Places Names. Includes: clippings, narratives, statistics, and histories regarding the naming of cities, towns, communities, and geographic features in the counties.","4. Early Life and Occupations. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, narratives, oral histories, photographs, and illustrations documenting the lives of the first white settlers. Most occupations focused on survival and involved farming, hunting, and fur trading. There are also several narratives recording the relationships between the settlers and the Native Americans.","5. The People. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, census records, and magazine articles among other materials, regarding the diversity and ancestry of past and present residents in the counties, including documentation of their races, nationalities, religions, and cultures.","6. History. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, narratives, muster lists, poll records, oral histories, photographs, clippings, maps, and archeological information regarding the history of the counties, usually beginning with the \"aborigines\" or native inhabitants, the first European settlers, and the relationships between the two cultures, including conflicts; and establishment of county governments and commerce under colonial rule, and later as part of an independent nation. There is also information pertaining to local citizen involvement in battles and wars such as The French and Indian War (1755-1763), Dunmore's War (1774), The American Revolution (1775-1783), The War of 1812 (1812-1814), The Mexican-American War (1846-48), The Spanish -American War (1898), and The First World War (1917-1918).","7. Civil War History. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, narratives, muster rolls, causality lists, correspondence, interviews, personal memoirs, photographs, songs, and poems pertaining to the involvement of county residents, both Union and Confederate, in the \"War Between the States\", including accounts of battles, skirmishes, and related events, mostly in the West Virginia and Virginia region.","8. Biographical Sketches. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, narratives, and photographs regarding notable citizens of the counties.","9. Transportation and Communication. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers Program staff, photographs, surveys, maps, clippings, schedules, statistical charts, transcripts of court records, deeds, and contracts recording the history and development of transportation infrastructure, including roadways, bridges, railroads, waterways, and airfields in the counties, including the introduction of new modes of transportation. There is also information regarding the history and progress of communication technology such as the pony express mail delivery, the telegraph, telephones, radio, airmail delivery, and newspapers.","10. Commerce and Industry. Includes: photographs, clippings, ephemera, statistics, geological surveys, transcripts of mine reports, and biographies of entrepreneurs regarding the major industries of the counties such as mining, oil and natural gas drilling, and the processing and transportation of coal and timber. There are also histories of once successful enterprises, including grain and lumber mills, iron ore producers, glass factories, and potteries.","11. Cultural and Social Advances. Includes: newspaper clippings, magazines articles, correspondence, ephemera, and narratives regarding museums, literary activities and libraries, the arts and theater, medical and health resources, and benevolent organizations.","12. County Government. Includes: memoirs, historical narratives, and other material regarding the formation of the counties and their governments; the location of courthouses; the establishment of laws and statutes, law enforcement, and a judicial system; and New Deal infrastructure projects. There are also transcripts of census records, and of court records such as taxes, wills, deeds, and election results.","13. Education. Includes: research reports and narratives collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, newspaper clippings, class schedules, school enrollments, records of Boards of Education, and photographs regarding the histories, curriculums, facilities, and faculties of county public (\"free\") grade schools, high schools, private and parochial schools, trade schools, colleges, and West Virginia University. In addition there is information pertaining to several \"Negro\" or segregated schools and colleges.","14. Religion. Includes: narratives, research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff; photographs; correspondence; ephemera; and transcripts of church, court, and cemetery records. The bulk of the information pertains to the history of individual Christian churches, regional circuit riders, local clergy, denominations, church buildings, and church schools. There is also material regarding the local African-American churches such as the A.M.E. (the African Methodist Episcopal) church.","15. Annual Events. Includes: newspaper clippings, magazine articles, narratives, calendars, photographs, and ephemera documenting yearly festivals, fairs, contests, parades, jubilees, concerts, and galas among other traditional celebrations in the counties.","16. Permanent Organizations. Includes: narratives, newspaper clippings, and directories documenting clubs, charity groups, councils, associations, societies, lodges and other assemblages such as county historical societies, 4-H clubs, Daughters of the American Revolution, Kiwanis, the Rotary Club, YMCA, YWCA, Boy Scouts, and the Red Cross.","17. Correspondence. Includes: letters, telegrams, memoranda, reports, and assignment sheets with notes and comments recording communications between Writers' Program supervisors, writers, public officials, and local citizens.","18. Folklore. Includes: transcripts of stories and interviews, newspaper and magazines articles, autograph and scrapbook verses, remedies, recipes, song lyrics, and square dance calls, among other materials. The information documents West Virginia's local cultures, traditions, and lore handed down through generations such as ghost stories, legends of local heroes, treatment for physical ailments, omens, and superstitions.","Notable items in the County Series include:","information regarding Native American burial grounds and artifacts (located in Marshall County, box 31, folders 5 and 6);","a narrative explaining how the dispute over the location of the courthouse in Beverly was settled with a game of horseshoes (located in Randolph County, box 71, folder 3);","research regarding the history of transportation along the Ohio River and its tributaries, including the modes used by Native Americans and early European traders, and Ohio River lock schedules and shipping records for 1926-1936 (located in Mason County, box 33, folders 5 and 8);","a transcript of a 1776 \"Petition of the Dissenters of the Tuscarora Congregation in Berkeley County\" addressed to the \"House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Virginia\" regarding the recent \"deliverance from British oppression\" and a request to suspend the Ecclesiastic Establishment (located in box 4, folder 6);","a transcript of several diary entries, 1861/April to 1864/July, authored by Sue N. Riddle, a parishioner of the Presbyterian Church at Martinsburg regarding local Civil War battles, army occupations, involvement of churches in the area, destruction of property, and the arrest of local resident Andrew Hunter (the prosecutor in John Brown's trail) by the Federal Army (located in Berkeley County, box 4, folder 6);","a transcript of an eyewitness account pertaining to the formation of the Monroe Guard (Company D, 27th Virginia, Stonewall Brigade), and a transcript of a letter from Lieutenant John Tiffany of the Monroe Guard to his parents in Monroe County, West Virginia, describing the Battle of Chancellorsville (Tiffany was killed seven weeks later at Gettysburg) (located in Monroe County, box 50, folder 3);","several photographs of industrial sites and workers in southern West Virginia, ca. 1890-1930 (located in Mercer County, box 40, folder 2);","photographs documenting railroad structures, workers, trains, and passenger travel, ca. 1888-1940 (located in Mercer County, box 40, folder 7);","several copies of \"The White Sulphur Springs Echo\" and the \"Lee Week Herald\", ca. 1932-1937, recording events celebrating Confederate General Robert E. Lee and his three post-war holidays at White Sulphur Springs, 1867-1869, including facsimiles of original newsletters from ca. 1870s (located in Greenbrier County, box 22, folder 3);","and information regarding colonial pottery and artisans, such as \"Master\" Foulke and his apprentice, John Thompson (samples of their unique works and tools are in the Smithsonian Museum) (located in Monongalia County, box 46, folder 9).","Includes two original manuscript drafts that were submitted with the editors' comments for Chapter 4: The People, of The History of Monroe County.","General Material includes information related to West Virginia culture such as music, folklore, history, literature, education, artisans, and points of interest. There are also photographs and information regarding Smoke Hole in Pendleton County, and narratives pertaining to \"old characters\" of West Virginia, some of which were published in \"Mountain State Tintype\", a Writers' Program collaboration. The materials in this series include: correspondence, transcripts of court records, transcripts of interviews, poems, songs, newspaper clippings, manuscripts, narratives, editorial essays, and publications.","Notable items in the General Material Series include:","a transcript of Colonel (rank of Captain at the time) Charles Lewis' journal entries of 1756/October-November, recording a march of the Virginia Rangers with Colonel George Washington to the Patterson Creek Valley (now Mineral County), an area heavily attacked by native Americans during the French and Indian War (located in box 87, folder 8);","several transcripts of Civil War letters from both Confederate and Union soldiers involved in numerous battles of the war (some letters also broke the news to families of the wounding and death of loved ones involved in the battles) (located in box 87, folder 8);","three original letters, including an 1861 love letter, an 1861 letter authored by make-up artist and mimic Shannon Butcher, and an 1865 letter from Confederate prisoner of war Stephen Points Jr. in Fort Delaware to Miss Artie Pribble of Wirt County (located in box 88, folder 8).","This series documents West Virginia's local cultures, traditions and lore handed down through generations such as ghost stories, legends of local heroes, treatment for physical ailments, \"tokens\" or omens, war songs, love songs and hymns, memory book verses and tombstone inscriptions, and games (including \"Go to the Mill\" and \"Steal Partners\", played during social gatherings such as \"Molasses Boilin's\" and \"Apple Cutting\" parties). The materials in this series include: transcripts of interviews, narratives, newspaper clippings, magazine articles, poems, remedies, recipes, lyrics of songs and ballads, square dance calls, games, omens and superstitions, and seasonal customs.","Notable items in the Folklore Series include:","remedy for sore and sprained muscles (\"apply coal oil, with a chicken feather, no other kind of feather would do, on affected parts\") (located in box 90, folder 2);","lockjaw prevention (\"if anyone has a puncture wound from a nail, grease the nail and carry it in their pocket until healed, they will never have lockjaw\") (located in box 91, folder 5);","omens and superstitions (\"combings of hair carefully burned lest some bird finds it and builds it into its nest, in which event the person from whose head the hair came would suffer with headache until the fledglings left the nest\") (located in box 91, folder 5);","omens and superstitions (\"take a hoe or spade into the house and a member of the family will die within the year; trim your toenails on Good Friday and you will not have toothache\") (located in box 91, folder 6);","a narrative regarding traditional gatherings called \"workings\", usually involving an act of \"neighborliness\" by the surrounding neighbors helping each other with such tasks as barn raising, harvesting, quilting, and \"putting up\" food for storage (located in box 91, folder 9).","This series documents historical events such as John Brown's raid, Civil War battles and skirmishes, and the harassment and arrests of local citizens by occupying armies. There are also items regarding the striking geographical setting of the Harpers Ferry area and its culture. The materials in the series include: narratives, letters, eyewitness accounts, newspaper clippings, poems, and research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' program staff.","There are several narratives written by Jennie Chambers (ca. 1845-1907) recording events involving Jennie and her family, who lived on Bolivar Heights above Harpers Ferry. These include Jennie's firsthand accounts of:","1. John Brown's raid (located in box 92, folders 5a and 5c, including photocopies of Jennie Chamber's full account as printed in Harper's Monthly, 1902; folders 6a-photocopy and 6c-original newspaper clipping relating an excerpt of Jennie's story);","2. the seizing of the United States Armory by the Virginia militia after the State's secession, and her father's arrest for refusing to yield the armory to the rebels (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, 9c-original document);","3. a heroic episode in 1861 when Jennie, running before the enemy, warned Union pickets of approaching Confederate cavalry (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, and 9c-original document);","4. Jennie's description of the frightening experience of hiding with her family in their cellar in the midst of the shelling by Stonewall Jackson's artillery during the September 15, 1862 attack, and her amazement of the soldiers' conduct after the Federal surrender (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, and 9c-original document).","There are also records documenting events before and after the Civil War, such as a transcript of an 1847 letter from William Shipman of Jefferson County, a United States Army soldier fighting in the Mexican War, regarding the orders from Washington to split up Zachary Taylor's Army (located in box 92, folders 2a-photocopy, and 2b-transcript).","Other notable items in the Harpers Ferry series include:","a transcript of a 1914 interview with John Thomas Allstadt, who was taken hostage by John Brown's raiders in 1859 (Allstadt, 18 years old at the time, was held with his father and others as hostages in the engine house at Harpers Ferry. His eyewitness account of the two day ordeal includes descriptions of the Marines charging the engine house and the capture of John Brown.) (located in box 92, folders 6a-photocopies, 6b-transcripts, and 6c-original clipping);","an original 1895 letter from Kate Field to Mrs. Lightner regarding Miss Field's choice of the property on Bolivar Heights for the relocation of John Brown's Fort (The fort had been targeted for demolition after being on exhibit at the 1893 Chicago World's Fair, and Kate Field raised both public awareness and funds to rescue the fort.) (located in box 92, folders 8a- photocopy and transcript, 8b-original);","a narrative relating the last minute reprieve of three Union deserters as they faced a firing squad on Camp Hill, Harpers Ferry (located in box 92, folders 10a-photocopy, 10b-transcript, 10c-original document);","original and transcripts of letters regarding three brothers, Samuel, Collin and Charles Noland, all Confederate soldiers (Two brothers were POWs at Fort Delaware and one brother was mortally wounded soon after writing to his mother from camp on 20 September 1863.) (located in box 92, folders 11a-photocopies, 11b-transcripts, and 11c-original).","The Fact Book series contains:","1. Fact Book--General, boxes 93-98\n2. Fact Book--Manuscript of \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\", boxes 99-100\n3. Fact Book--African-Americans, boxes 100-103","The materials in this series includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, narratives, inventories, geological studies, transcripts of government reports and records, correspondence, maps, magazine articles, illustrations, bibliographies, statistics, ephemera, graphs, clippings, bibliographies, manuscripts, newsletters, transcripts of court records, newspaper articles, editorials, and interviews.","1. \"Fact Book--General\" includes material regarding several topics that are also listed in the Counties series, however this material relates to the State. There is also information pertaining to agriculture, architecture, sports and recreation, coal, labor and miners, federal and state government, courts, public health and other services, Revolutionary War records, West Virginia authors, Greeks and Lithuanians in West Virginia, covered bridges, geology and geography, and newspapers published in West Virginia.","Notable items in Fact Book--General include:","typescripts of the 1795-1800 Kentucky and Virginia boundary line settlement, and excerpts from 1870 United States Supreme Court Reports regarding the transfer of Jefferson and Berkeley Counties from Virginia to West Virginia (located in box 95, folder 1);","a typescript of the 1919 report from a commission appointed by West Virginia Governor Cornwell regarding the charges by coal miners against coal operators (the coal operators were accused of employing armed guards and posting them in the Guyan field of Logan County to physically assault and intimidate miners) (located in box 95, folder 6).","2. \"Fact Book--Manuscript\" includes a set of typescripts for \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\".","3. \"Factbook--African-Americans\" contains materials from ca. 1815-1942 documenting African-Americans in West Virginia, including records regarding slavery, abolition, and antebellum laws. There are also biographies of several prominent individuals, and information regarding educational institutions, organizations, and rural life.","Notable materials in Fact Book--African-Americans include:","several transcripts of county court records regarding slavery, such as wills claiming slaves as chattel (for delivery to a new owner \"forever\"), declarations of emancipation, bills of sale for slaves, records regarding the use of slaves as payment to settle debts, and indictments of \"free negroes\" on various charges (many of whom were charged with remaining in the Commonwealth of Virginia after manumission);","transcripts of articles and editorials, ca. 1814-1860, from western Virginia newspapers addressing several issues regarding slavery such as expansion into the territories of the western United States, abolition of slavery, treatment of freemen, and reactions to Harriet Beecher Stowe's \"Uncle Tom's Cabin\";","newspaper article regarding an attempt by slave traders to kidnap a free African-American in Wellsville, reported 1858/7/17 in The Wheeling Daily Intelligencer (located in box 100, folder 3);","article entitled \"Slave Trade Horrors\" reporting the capture by authorities of a slave trade vessel off the Virginia coast (out of 120 slaves on board all but two were age eleven or younger) reported 1841/12/4 in The Kanawha Republican (located in box 100, folder 3);","transcripts of newspaper articles and editorials from western Virginia newspapers regarding John Brown's raid at Harper's Ferry, the raiders' trials, their executions, and the reactions of Virginians, the deep south, and northern states (located in box 100, folder 4 and box 103, folder 1);","interviews, narratives, and research reports regarding successful and prominent African-Americans in West Virginia (ca. 1900-1942) such as John Warren Davis, President of West Virginia State College (located in box 100, folder 5);","transcript of the Virginia Court of Appeals decision regarding a challenge to a deceased slave-owner's Will (The Will declared his slaves were to be allowed to choose either freedom or to remain enslaved to a new master. The court ruled against the last request of the deceased and in favor of the executor of the Will, claiming the African-Americans were not capable of making such a decision and therefore were to stay in bondage.) (located in box 100, folder 8).","Includes records related to publication of \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\". Includes correspondence, narratives, research reports, and forms collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff. Correspondence is between federal and state offices of the Writers Program, government officials, local chambers of commerce, national and state publications and newspapers, prominent historian Dr. Roy Bird Cook (located in box 104, folder 6), and West Virginia University professors such as Louis Chappell and Maurice Brooks, among others (located in box 104, folders 1-5). Several of the narratives are in a traveling tour format, recording directions, locations, and information pertaining to points of interest throughout the state. There are also drafts, final manuscripts, and galleys for \"A Guide to the Mountain State\". Also includes magazine articles, newspaper clippings, statistics, chemical analyses, photographs, manuscripts, and illustrations related to publication of the \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\".","Additional administrative records for the Writers' Program in West Virginia can be found in A\u0026M 527, West Virginia University, WPA Writers Project, Records, at this repository.","Notable items in the Writers' Project series include:","information pertaining to mineral springs such as White Sulphur Springs, Salt Springs, Capon Springs, and Old Sweet Springs, among others (located in box 103, folder 4);","historical narratives regarding the first telephone service in West Virginia, and the introduction of the first night-train travel service by Henry G. Davis (both items located in box 103, folder 9);","transcripts of correspondence (1747-1754) between The Board of Trade and Plantations and the Royal Governors of the Colony Of Virginia regarding French encroachment and Indian attacks in the English colony's territory, including a 1754 letter from Governor Dinwiddie reporting \"Mr. Washington's\" observations during his recent expedition to the western Virginia territory (located in box 104, folder 9);","transcripts of excerpts from the 1743-1748 journals of Moravian missionaries Leonard Schnell, Robert Hussey, Matthias Gottschalk, Joseph Spangenberg, and Matthew Reutz during their travels through northwestern Virginia (Patterson Creek and South Branch) down the Shenandoah Valley to Georgia, recording their observations of the wilderness and reactions to their ministries (located in box 104, folder 11);","transcript of a proclamation from Virginia's Royal Lt. Governor Gooch, warning settlers that \"... Itinerant Preachers have...crept into this Colony...those corrupters of our Faith and true religion to propagate their shocking doctrines...\" (located in box 104, folder 11).","Includes oversize material transferred from other record series. Includes: publications related to Greenbrier County and White Sulphur Springs transferred from box 22, folder 3."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_7db7750c7837e29de89890c5fd27d017\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_coll_ssim":["Writers' Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of West Virginia"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Federal Writers' Project","Writers' Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of West Virginia"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Federal Writers' Project","Writers' Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of West Virginia"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1214,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:39:45.499Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_2760.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/196806","title_ssm":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records"],"title_tesim":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["ca. 1850-1942","ca. 1935-1942"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["ca. 1935-1942"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["ca. 1850-1942"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 0454","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2760"],"text":["A\u0026M 0454","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2760","Writers' Program in West Virginia Records","West Virginia","African Americans  -- History -- Miscellanea","African Americans -- Segregation -- West Virginia","African Americans  -- West Virginia -- Monongalia County","African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans.","No special access restriction applies.","The Writers Project was created in 1935 as part of the Federal Works Progress Administration (WPA). Its purpose was to provide employment for historians, teachers, librarians, writers, and others with qualified skills. The field of assignment for those hired was usually confined to the locality of a writer's residence, although some assignments were for statewide subjects.","The objective of the project was to produce a series of sectional guide books under the name \"The American Guide\" focusing on the history, geography, and cultural and economic resources of the United States. Other topics of interest developed, however, and were added to the Project, such as urban and rural folklore, first person narratives or life histories, studies of the cultures of ethnic groups, and authentic narratives of ex-slaves.","The Writers Project became a casualty of World War II. The monies needed to meet the demands for defense were drained from the Writers Project, ending the program in 1942.","archives and manuscripts; pamphlets; photographs / postcards / prints / etc.","183, 454, 527","Papers created by the Writers' Program in West Virginia (ca. 1935-1942), a part of the Federal Works Progress Administration (WPA).  For more information regarding this Program, please see the Biographical / Historical Note.","The Writers' Program collection is arranged into series established on the basis of topics. This topical arrangement simply emerged from the documentation resulting from the subject-based research assignments delegated to the writers.","There are six series in the collection:","Series 1. Counties, Boxes 1-86 \nSeries 2. General Material, Boxes 87-89 \nSeries 3. Folklore by County, Boxes 89-91 \nSeries 4. Harpers Ferry, Boxes 92-93 \nSeries 5. Fact Book, Boxes 93-103 \nSeries 6. Writers Project, Boxes 103-108 \nSeries 7. Oversize, Box 109","The Counties series, the largest series in the collection, includes material focused on the following topics:  natural setting, points of interest, places and place names, early life and occupations, the people, history, Civil War history, biographical sketches, transportation and communication, commerce and industry, cultural and social advances, county government, education, religion, annual events, permanent organizations, and folklore.  Other series in the collection cover many additional topics.","The sources accessed by the writers for their research include: interviews and eyewitness accounts, court records, governmental records, church and cemetery records, family records, and school records. The personnel of local historical societies, educational institutions, governmental agencies, and community organizations were consulted for information as well. In some cases the personal memories and observations of the writers were used as source material. Much of the material in the collection includes cover sheets that indicate sources. The resulting quantity and quality of research and writing varies within the collection.","Published material consulted and transcribed by the Writers' Program includes: newspapers, magazines, journals, bulletins, pamphlets, booklets, high school yearbooks, surveys, business and industry statistics, textbooks, blue books, encyclopedias, and atlases.","Unpublished material, or archives and manuscripts, consulted and transcribed by the Writers' Program includes letters, telegrams, diaries, photographs, transcripts of interviews, and narratives.","Although most material consists of transcriptions, some original documents can be found in the collection as well, both published and unpublished.","Items of special interest include originals and transcripts of letters from the Civil War period in the General Material series. The Harpers Ferry series includes several firsthand accounts regarding the Ferry's rich history, including John Brown's 1859 raid and the Civil War.","The West Virginia County series includes records for 53 of the state's 55 counties, excluding Mineral and Morgan Counties (Mineral County records are in A\u0026M 183):","1. Barbour, boxes 1-4 \n2. Berkeley, boxes 4-5 \n3. Boone, box 5 \n4. Braxton, boxes 6-7 \n5. Brooke, box 7 \n6. Cabell, boxes 7-10 \n7. Calhoun, box 10 \n8. Clay, box 10 \n9. Doddridge, boxes 10-14 \n10. Fayette, boxes 14-16 \n11. Gilmer, boxes 16-20 \n12. Grant, box 20 \n13. Greenbrier, boxes 21-22 \n14. Hardy, boxes 22-23 \n15. Hampshire, box 23 (see also A\u0026M 183) \n16. Hancock, box 24 \n17. Harrison, box 24 \n18. Jackson, box 25 \n19. Jefferson, boxes 25-27 \n20. Kanawha, boxes 28-29 \n21. Lewis, box 29 \n22. Lincoln, box 29 \n23. Logan, box 30 \n24. Marion, box 30 \n25. Marshall, box 31 \n26. Mason, boxes 31-36 \n27. Mercer, boxes 37-42 \nxx. Mineral (in A\u0026M 183) \n28. Mingo, boxes 43-45 \n29. Monongalia, box 46 \n30. Monroe, boxes 47-53 \n31. McDowell, box 54 \n32. Nicholas, boxes 55-57 \n33. Ohio, boxes 57-58 \n34. Pendleton, box 59 \n35. Pleasants, box 59 \n36. Pocahontas, boxes 60-64 \n37. Preston, box 65 \n38. Putnam, boxes 65-67 \n39. Raleigh, boxes 68-70 \n40. Randolph, box 71 \n41. Ritchie, box 71 \n42. Roane, box 71 \n43. Summers, boxes 72-75 \n44. Taylor, boxes 76-77 \n45. Tucker, boxes 78-80 \n46. Tyler, box 80 \n47. Upshur, boxes 80-81 \n48. Wayne, box 81 \n49. Webster, boxes 81-83 \n50. Wetzel, box 83 \n51. Wirt, box 83 \n52. Wood, boxes 84-86 \n53. Wyoming, box 86","Each county in Series 1 contains records documenting some or all of the following 18 topics:","1. Natural Setting. Includes: photographs, clippings, recordings of personal observations, interviews, geological surveys, information from county government nurseries, and the West Virginia Blue book, describing the topography, wild life, terrain, and botanical characteristics of counties.","2. Points of Interest. Includes: narratives and research reports collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, clippings, photographs, maps, and magazine articles regarding subjects deemed to have special significance in the counties such as historic houses, businesses, parks, public buildings, markers, forts, memorials, Native American burial mounds, and battlefields.","3. Places and Places Names. Includes: clippings, narratives, statistics, and histories regarding the naming of cities, towns, communities, and geographic features in the counties.","4. Early Life and Occupations. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, narratives, oral histories, photographs, and illustrations documenting the lives of the first white settlers. Most occupations focused on survival and involved farming, hunting, and fur trading. There are also several narratives recording the relationships between the settlers and the Native Americans.","5. The People. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, census records, and magazine articles among other materials, regarding the diversity and ancestry of past and present residents in the counties, including documentation of their races, nationalities, religions, and cultures.","6. History. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, narratives, muster lists, poll records, oral histories, photographs, clippings, maps, and archeological information regarding the history of the counties, usually beginning with the \"aborigines\" or native inhabitants, the first European settlers, and the relationships between the two cultures, including conflicts; and establishment of county governments and commerce under colonial rule, and later as part of an independent nation. There is also information pertaining to local citizen involvement in battles and wars such as The French and Indian War (1755-1763), Dunmore's War (1774), The American Revolution (1775-1783), The War of 1812 (1812-1814), The Mexican-American War (1846-48), The Spanish -American War (1898), and The First World War (1917-1918).","7. Civil War History. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, narratives, muster rolls, causality lists, correspondence, interviews, personal memoirs, photographs, songs, and poems pertaining to the involvement of county residents, both Union and Confederate, in the \"War Between the States\", including accounts of battles, skirmishes, and related events, mostly in the West Virginia and Virginia region.","8. Biographical Sketches. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, narratives, and photographs regarding notable citizens of the counties.","9. Transportation and Communication. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers Program staff, photographs, surveys, maps, clippings, schedules, statistical charts, transcripts of court records, deeds, and contracts recording the history and development of transportation infrastructure, including roadways, bridges, railroads, waterways, and airfields in the counties, including the introduction of new modes of transportation. There is also information regarding the history and progress of communication technology such as the pony express mail delivery, the telegraph, telephones, radio, airmail delivery, and newspapers.","10. Commerce and Industry. Includes: photographs, clippings, ephemera, statistics, geological surveys, transcripts of mine reports, and biographies of entrepreneurs regarding the major industries of the counties such as mining, oil and natural gas drilling, and the processing and transportation of coal and timber. There are also histories of once successful enterprises, including grain and lumber mills, iron ore producers, glass factories, and potteries.","11. Cultural and Social Advances. Includes: newspaper clippings, magazines articles, correspondence, ephemera, and narratives regarding museums, literary activities and libraries, the arts and theater, medical and health resources, and benevolent organizations.","12. County Government. Includes: memoirs, historical narratives, and other material regarding the formation of the counties and their governments; the location of courthouses; the establishment of laws and statutes, law enforcement, and a judicial system; and New Deal infrastructure projects. There are also transcripts of census records, and of court records such as taxes, wills, deeds, and election results.","13. Education. Includes: research reports and narratives collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, newspaper clippings, class schedules, school enrollments, records of Boards of Education, and photographs regarding the histories, curriculums, facilities, and faculties of county public (\"free\") grade schools, high schools, private and parochial schools, trade schools, colleges, and West Virginia University. In addition there is information pertaining to several \"Negro\" or segregated schools and colleges.","14. Religion. Includes: narratives, research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff; photographs; correspondence; ephemera; and transcripts of church, court, and cemetery records. The bulk of the information pertains to the history of individual Christian churches, regional circuit riders, local clergy, denominations, church buildings, and church schools. There is also material regarding the local African-American churches such as the A.M.E. (the African Methodist Episcopal) church.","15. Annual Events. Includes: newspaper clippings, magazine articles, narratives, calendars, photographs, and ephemera documenting yearly festivals, fairs, contests, parades, jubilees, concerts, and galas among other traditional celebrations in the counties.","16. Permanent Organizations. Includes: narratives, newspaper clippings, and directories documenting clubs, charity groups, councils, associations, societies, lodges and other assemblages such as county historical societies, 4-H clubs, Daughters of the American Revolution, Kiwanis, the Rotary Club, YMCA, YWCA, Boy Scouts, and the Red Cross.","17. Correspondence. Includes: letters, telegrams, memoranda, reports, and assignment sheets with notes and comments recording communications between Writers' Program supervisors, writers, public officials, and local citizens.","18. Folklore. Includes: transcripts of stories and interviews, newspaper and magazines articles, autograph and scrapbook verses, remedies, recipes, song lyrics, and square dance calls, among other materials. The information documents West Virginia's local cultures, traditions, and lore handed down through generations such as ghost stories, legends of local heroes, treatment for physical ailments, omens, and superstitions.","Notable items in the County Series include:","information regarding Native American burial grounds and artifacts (located in Marshall County, box 31, folders 5 and 6);","a narrative explaining how the dispute over the location of the courthouse in Beverly was settled with a game of horseshoes (located in Randolph County, box 71, folder 3);","research regarding the history of transportation along the Ohio River and its tributaries, including the modes used by Native Americans and early European traders, and Ohio River lock schedules and shipping records for 1926-1936 (located in Mason County, box 33, folders 5 and 8);","a transcript of a 1776 \"Petition of the Dissenters of the Tuscarora Congregation in Berkeley County\" addressed to the \"House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Virginia\" regarding the recent \"deliverance from British oppression\" and a request to suspend the Ecclesiastic Establishment (located in box 4, folder 6);","a transcript of several diary entries, 1861/April to 1864/July, authored by Sue N. Riddle, a parishioner of the Presbyterian Church at Martinsburg regarding local Civil War battles, army occupations, involvement of churches in the area, destruction of property, and the arrest of local resident Andrew Hunter (the prosecutor in John Brown's trail) by the Federal Army (located in Berkeley County, box 4, folder 6);","a transcript of an eyewitness account pertaining to the formation of the Monroe Guard (Company D, 27th Virginia, Stonewall Brigade), and a transcript of a letter from Lieutenant John Tiffany of the Monroe Guard to his parents in Monroe County, West Virginia, describing the Battle of Chancellorsville (Tiffany was killed seven weeks later at Gettysburg) (located in Monroe County, box 50, folder 3);","several photographs of industrial sites and workers in southern West Virginia, ca. 1890-1930 (located in Mercer County, box 40, folder 2);","photographs documenting railroad structures, workers, trains, and passenger travel, ca. 1888-1940 (located in Mercer County, box 40, folder 7);","several copies of \"The White Sulphur Springs Echo\" and the \"Lee Week Herald\", ca. 1932-1937, recording events celebrating Confederate General Robert E. Lee and his three post-war holidays at White Sulphur Springs, 1867-1869, including facsimiles of original newsletters from ca. 1870s (located in Greenbrier County, box 22, folder 3);","and information regarding colonial pottery and artisans, such as \"Master\" Foulke and his apprentice, John Thompson (samples of their unique works and tools are in the Smithsonian Museum) (located in Monongalia County, box 46, folder 9).","Includes two original manuscript drafts that were submitted with the editors' comments for Chapter 4: The People, of The History of Monroe County.","General Material includes information related to West Virginia culture such as music, folklore, history, literature, education, artisans, and points of interest. There are also photographs and information regarding Smoke Hole in Pendleton County, and narratives pertaining to \"old characters\" of West Virginia, some of which were published in \"Mountain State Tintype\", a Writers' Program collaboration. The materials in this series include: correspondence, transcripts of court records, transcripts of interviews, poems, songs, newspaper clippings, manuscripts, narratives, editorial essays, and publications.","Notable items in the General Material Series include:","a transcript of Colonel (rank of Captain at the time) Charles Lewis' journal entries of 1756/October-November, recording a march of the Virginia Rangers with Colonel George Washington to the Patterson Creek Valley (now Mineral County), an area heavily attacked by native Americans during the French and Indian War (located in box 87, folder 8);","several transcripts of Civil War letters from both Confederate and Union soldiers involved in numerous battles of the war (some letters also broke the news to families of the wounding and death of loved ones involved in the battles) (located in box 87, folder 8);","three original letters, including an 1861 love letter, an 1861 letter authored by make-up artist and mimic Shannon Butcher, and an 1865 letter from Confederate prisoner of war Stephen Points Jr. in Fort Delaware to Miss Artie Pribble of Wirt County (located in box 88, folder 8).","This series documents West Virginia's local cultures, traditions and lore handed down through generations such as ghost stories, legends of local heroes, treatment for physical ailments, \"tokens\" or omens, war songs, love songs and hymns, memory book verses and tombstone inscriptions, and games (including \"Go to the Mill\" and \"Steal Partners\", played during social gatherings such as \"Molasses Boilin's\" and \"Apple Cutting\" parties). The materials in this series include: transcripts of interviews, narratives, newspaper clippings, magazine articles, poems, remedies, recipes, lyrics of songs and ballads, square dance calls, games, omens and superstitions, and seasonal customs.","Notable items in the Folklore Series include:","remedy for sore and sprained muscles (\"apply coal oil, with a chicken feather, no other kind of feather would do, on affected parts\") (located in box 90, folder 2);","lockjaw prevention (\"if anyone has a puncture wound from a nail, grease the nail and carry it in their pocket until healed, they will never have lockjaw\") (located in box 91, folder 5);","omens and superstitions (\"combings of hair carefully burned lest some bird finds it and builds it into its nest, in which event the person from whose head the hair came would suffer with headache until the fledglings left the nest\") (located in box 91, folder 5);","omens and superstitions (\"take a hoe or spade into the house and a member of the family will die within the year; trim your toenails on Good Friday and you will not have toothache\") (located in box 91, folder 6);","a narrative regarding traditional gatherings called \"workings\", usually involving an act of \"neighborliness\" by the surrounding neighbors helping each other with such tasks as barn raising, harvesting, quilting, and \"putting up\" food for storage (located in box 91, folder 9).","This series documents historical events such as John Brown's raid, Civil War battles and skirmishes, and the harassment and arrests of local citizens by occupying armies. There are also items regarding the striking geographical setting of the Harpers Ferry area and its culture. The materials in the series include: narratives, letters, eyewitness accounts, newspaper clippings, poems, and research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' program staff.","There are several narratives written by Jennie Chambers (ca. 1845-1907) recording events involving Jennie and her family, who lived on Bolivar Heights above Harpers Ferry. These include Jennie's firsthand accounts of:","1. John Brown's raid (located in box 92, folders 5a and 5c, including photocopies of Jennie Chamber's full account as printed in Harper's Monthly, 1902; folders 6a-photocopy and 6c-original newspaper clipping relating an excerpt of Jennie's story);","2. the seizing of the United States Armory by the Virginia militia after the State's secession, and her father's arrest for refusing to yield the armory to the rebels (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, 9c-original document);","3. a heroic episode in 1861 when Jennie, running before the enemy, warned Union pickets of approaching Confederate cavalry (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, and 9c-original document);","4. Jennie's description of the frightening experience of hiding with her family in their cellar in the midst of the shelling by Stonewall Jackson's artillery during the September 15, 1862 attack, and her amazement of the soldiers' conduct after the Federal surrender (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, and 9c-original document).","There are also records documenting events before and after the Civil War, such as a transcript of an 1847 letter from William Shipman of Jefferson County, a United States Army soldier fighting in the Mexican War, regarding the orders from Washington to split up Zachary Taylor's Army (located in box 92, folders 2a-photocopy, and 2b-transcript).","Other notable items in the Harpers Ferry series include:","a transcript of a 1914 interview with John Thomas Allstadt, who was taken hostage by John Brown's raiders in 1859 (Allstadt, 18 years old at the time, was held with his father and others as hostages in the engine house at Harpers Ferry. His eyewitness account of the two day ordeal includes descriptions of the Marines charging the engine house and the capture of John Brown.) (located in box 92, folders 6a-photocopies, 6b-transcripts, and 6c-original clipping);","an original 1895 letter from Kate Field to Mrs. Lightner regarding Miss Field's choice of the property on Bolivar Heights for the relocation of John Brown's Fort (The fort had been targeted for demolition after being on exhibit at the 1893 Chicago World's Fair, and Kate Field raised both public awareness and funds to rescue the fort.) (located in box 92, folders 8a- photocopy and transcript, 8b-original);","a narrative relating the last minute reprieve of three Union deserters as they faced a firing squad on Camp Hill, Harpers Ferry (located in box 92, folders 10a-photocopy, 10b-transcript, 10c-original document);","original and transcripts of letters regarding three brothers, Samuel, Collin and Charles Noland, all Confederate soldiers (Two brothers were POWs at Fort Delaware and one brother was mortally wounded soon after writing to his mother from camp on 20 September 1863.) (located in box 92, folders 11a-photocopies, 11b-transcripts, and 11c-original).","The Fact Book series contains:","1. Fact Book--General, boxes 93-98\n2. Fact Book--Manuscript of \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\", boxes 99-100\n3. Fact Book--African-Americans, boxes 100-103","The materials in this series includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, narratives, inventories, geological studies, transcripts of government reports and records, correspondence, maps, magazine articles, illustrations, bibliographies, statistics, ephemera, graphs, clippings, bibliographies, manuscripts, newsletters, transcripts of court records, newspaper articles, editorials, and interviews.","1. \"Fact Book--General\" includes material regarding several topics that are also listed in the Counties series, however this material relates to the State. There is also information pertaining to agriculture, architecture, sports and recreation, coal, labor and miners, federal and state government, courts, public health and other services, Revolutionary War records, West Virginia authors, Greeks and Lithuanians in West Virginia, covered bridges, geology and geography, and newspapers published in West Virginia.","Notable items in Fact Book--General include:","typescripts of the 1795-1800 Kentucky and Virginia boundary line settlement, and excerpts from 1870 United States Supreme Court Reports regarding the transfer of Jefferson and Berkeley Counties from Virginia to West Virginia (located in box 95, folder 1);","a typescript of the 1919 report from a commission appointed by West Virginia Governor Cornwell regarding the charges by coal miners against coal operators (the coal operators were accused of employing armed guards and posting them in the Guyan field of Logan County to physically assault and intimidate miners) (located in box 95, folder 6).","2. \"Fact Book--Manuscript\" includes a set of typescripts for \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\".","3. \"Factbook--African-Americans\" contains materials from ca. 1815-1942 documenting African-Americans in West Virginia, including records regarding slavery, abolition, and antebellum laws. There are also biographies of several prominent individuals, and information regarding educational institutions, organizations, and rural life.","Notable materials in Fact Book--African-Americans include:","several transcripts of county court records regarding slavery, such as wills claiming slaves as chattel (for delivery to a new owner \"forever\"), declarations of emancipation, bills of sale for slaves, records regarding the use of slaves as payment to settle debts, and indictments of \"free negroes\" on various charges (many of whom were charged with remaining in the Commonwealth of Virginia after manumission);","transcripts of articles and editorials, ca. 1814-1860, from western Virginia newspapers addressing several issues regarding slavery such as expansion into the territories of the western United States, abolition of slavery, treatment of freemen, and reactions to Harriet Beecher Stowe's \"Uncle Tom's Cabin\";","newspaper article regarding an attempt by slave traders to kidnap a free African-American in Wellsville, reported 1858/7/17 in The Wheeling Daily Intelligencer (located in box 100, folder 3);","article entitled \"Slave Trade Horrors\" reporting the capture by authorities of a slave trade vessel off the Virginia coast (out of 120 slaves on board all but two were age eleven or younger) reported 1841/12/4 in The Kanawha Republican (located in box 100, folder 3);","transcripts of newspaper articles and editorials from western Virginia newspapers regarding John Brown's raid at Harper's Ferry, the raiders' trials, their executions, and the reactions of Virginians, the deep south, and northern states (located in box 100, folder 4 and box 103, folder 1);","interviews, narratives, and research reports regarding successful and prominent African-Americans in West Virginia (ca. 1900-1942) such as John Warren Davis, President of West Virginia State College (located in box 100, folder 5);","transcript of the Virginia Court of Appeals decision regarding a challenge to a deceased slave-owner's Will (The Will declared his slaves were to be allowed to choose either freedom or to remain enslaved to a new master. The court ruled against the last request of the deceased and in favor of the executor of the Will, claiming the African-Americans were not capable of making such a decision and therefore were to stay in bondage.) (located in box 100, folder 8).","Includes records related to publication of \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\". Includes correspondence, narratives, research reports, and forms collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff. Correspondence is between federal and state offices of the Writers Program, government officials, local chambers of commerce, national and state publications and newspapers, prominent historian Dr. Roy Bird Cook (located in box 104, folder 6), and West Virginia University professors such as Louis Chappell and Maurice Brooks, among others (located in box 104, folders 1-5). Several of the narratives are in a traveling tour format, recording directions, locations, and information pertaining to points of interest throughout the state. There are also drafts, final manuscripts, and galleys for \"A Guide to the Mountain State\". Also includes magazine articles, newspaper clippings, statistics, chemical analyses, photographs, manuscripts, and illustrations related to publication of the \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\".","Additional administrative records for the Writers' Program in West Virginia can be found in A\u0026M 527, West Virginia University, WPA Writers Project, Records, at this repository.","Notable items in the Writers' Project series include:","information pertaining to mineral springs such as White Sulphur Springs, Salt Springs, Capon Springs, and Old Sweet Springs, among others (located in box 103, folder 4);","historical narratives regarding the first telephone service in West Virginia, and the introduction of the first night-train travel service by Henry G. Davis (both items located in box 103, folder 9);","transcripts of correspondence (1747-1754) between The Board of Trade and Plantations and the Royal Governors of the Colony Of Virginia regarding French encroachment and Indian attacks in the English colony's territory, including a 1754 letter from Governor Dinwiddie reporting \"Mr. Washington's\" observations during his recent expedition to the western Virginia territory (located in box 104, folder 9);","transcripts of excerpts from the 1743-1748 journals of Moravian missionaries Leonard Schnell, Robert Hussey, Matthias Gottschalk, Joseph Spangenberg, and Matthew Reutz during their travels through northwestern Virginia (Patterson Creek and South Branch) down the Shenandoah Valley to Georgia, recording their observations of the wilderness and reactions to their ministries (located in box 104, folder 11);","transcript of a proclamation from Virginia's Royal Lt. Governor Gooch, warning settlers that \"... Itinerant Preachers have...crept into this Colony...those corrupters of our Faith and true religion to propagate their shocking doctrines...\" (located in box 104, folder 11).","Includes oversize material transferred from other record series. Includes: publications related to Greenbrier County and White Sulphur Springs transferred from box 22, folder 3.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Federal Writers' Project","Writers' Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of West Virginia","English"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 0454","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2760"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records"],"collection_title_tesim":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records"],"collection_ssim":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["West Virginia"],"geogname_ssim":["West Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Federal Writers' Project"],"creator_ssim":["Federal Writers' Project"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Federal Writers' Project"],"creators_ssim":["Federal Writers' Project"],"places_ssim":["West Virginia"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans  -- History -- Miscellanea","African Americans -- Segregation -- West Virginia","African Americans  -- West Virginia -- Monongalia County","African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans."],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans  -- History -- Miscellanea","African Americans -- Segregation -- West Virginia","African Americans  -- West Virginia -- Monongalia County","African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["45.6 Linear Feet 45 ft. 7 in. (109 document cases, 5 in. each); (1 flat storage box, 2 in.)"],"extent_tesim":["45.6 Linear Feet 45 ft. 7 in. (109 document cases, 5 in. each); (1 flat storage box, 2 in.)"],"date_range_isim":[1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Writers Project was created in 1935 as part of the Federal Works Progress Administration (WPA). Its purpose was to provide employment for historians, teachers, librarians, writers, and others with qualified skills. The field of assignment for those hired was usually confined to the locality of a writer's residence, although some assignments were for statewide subjects.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe objective of the project was to produce a series of sectional guide books under the name \"The American Guide\" focusing on the history, geography, and cultural and economic resources of the United States. Other topics of interest developed, however, and were added to the Project, such as urban and rural folklore, first person narratives or life histories, studies of the cultures of ethnic groups, and authentic narratives of ex-slaves.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Writers Project became a casualty of World War II. The monies needed to meet the demands for defense were drained from the Writers Project, ending the program in 1942.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Writers Project was created in 1935 as part of the Federal Works Progress Administration (WPA). Its purpose was to provide employment for historians, teachers, librarians, writers, and others with qualified skills. The field of assignment for those hired was usually confined to the locality of a writer's residence, although some assignments were for statewide subjects.","The objective of the project was to produce a series of sectional guide books under the name \"The American Guide\" focusing on the history, geography, and cultural and economic resources of the United States. Other topics of interest developed, however, and were added to the Project, such as urban and rural folklore, first person narratives or life histories, studies of the cultures of ethnic groups, and authentic narratives of ex-slaves.","The Writers Project became a casualty of World War II. The monies needed to meet the demands for defense were drained from the Writers Project, ending the program in 1942."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003earchives and manuscripts; pamphlets; photographs / postcards / prints / etc.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Legacy Formats"],"odd_tesim":["archives and manuscripts; pamphlets; photographs / postcards / prints / etc."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, A\u0026amp;M 0454, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, A\u0026M 0454, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e183, 454, 527\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related A\u0026M Collections"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["183, 454, 527"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers created by the Writers' Program in West Virginia (ca. 1935-1942), a part of the Federal Works Progress Administration (WPA).  For more information regarding this Program, please see the Biographical / Historical Note.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Writers' Program collection is arranged into series established on the basis of topics. This topical arrangement simply emerged from the documentation resulting from the subject-based research assignments delegated to the writers.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere are six series in the collection:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1. Counties, Boxes 1-86\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 2. General Material, Boxes 87-89\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 3. Folklore by County, Boxes 89-91\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 4. Harpers Ferry, Boxes 92-93\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 5. Fact Book, Boxes 93-103\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 6. Writers Project, Boxes 103-108\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 7. Oversize, Box 109\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Counties series, the largest series in the collection, includes material focused on the following topics:  natural setting, points of interest, places and place names, early life and occupations, the people, history, Civil War history, biographical sketches, transportation and communication, commerce and industry, cultural and social advances, county government, education, religion, annual events, permanent organizations, and folklore.  Other series in the collection cover many additional topics.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe sources accessed by the writers for their research include: interviews and eyewitness accounts, court records, governmental records, church and cemetery records, family records, and school records. The personnel of local historical societies, educational institutions, governmental agencies, and community organizations were consulted for information as well. In some cases the personal memories and observations of the writers were used as source material. Much of the material in the collection includes cover sheets that indicate sources. The resulting quantity and quality of research and writing varies within the collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePublished material consulted and transcribed by the Writers' Program includes: newspapers, magazines, journals, bulletins, pamphlets, booklets, high school yearbooks, surveys, business and industry statistics, textbooks, blue books, encyclopedias, and atlases.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUnpublished material, or archives and manuscripts, consulted and transcribed by the Writers' Program includes letters, telegrams, diaries, photographs, transcripts of interviews, and narratives.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlthough most material consists of transcriptions, some original documents can be found in the collection as well, both published and unpublished.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eItems of special interest include originals and transcripts of letters from the Civil War period in the General Material series. The Harpers Ferry series includes several firsthand accounts regarding the Ferry's rich history, including John Brown's 1859 raid and the Civil War.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe West Virginia County series includes records for 53 of the state's 55 counties, excluding Mineral and Morgan Counties (Mineral County records are in A\u0026amp;M 183):\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1. Barbour, boxes 1-4\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n2. Berkeley, boxes 4-5\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n3. Boone, box 5\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n4. Braxton, boxes 6-7\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n5. Brooke, box 7\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n6. Cabell, boxes 7-10\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n7. Calhoun, box 10\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n8. Clay, box 10\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n9. Doddridge, boxes 10-14\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n10. Fayette, boxes 14-16\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n11. Gilmer, boxes 16-20\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n12. Grant, box 20\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n13. Greenbrier, boxes 21-22\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n14. Hardy, boxes 22-23\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n15. Hampshire, box 23 (see also A\u0026amp;M 183)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n16. Hancock, box 24\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n17. Harrison, box 24\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n18. Jackson, box 25\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n19. Jefferson, boxes 25-27\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n20. Kanawha, boxes 28-29\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n21. Lewis, box 29\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n22. Lincoln, box 29\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n23. Logan, box 30\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n24. Marion, box 30\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n25. Marshall, box 31\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n26. Mason, boxes 31-36\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n27. Mercer, boxes 37-42\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nxx. Mineral (in A\u0026amp;M 183)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n28. Mingo, boxes 43-45\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n29. Monongalia, box 46\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n30. Monroe, boxes 47-53\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n31. McDowell, box 54\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n32. Nicholas, boxes 55-57\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n33. Ohio, boxes 57-58\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n34. Pendleton, box 59\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n35. Pleasants, box 59\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n36. Pocahontas, boxes 60-64\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n37. Preston, box 65\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n38. Putnam, boxes 65-67\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n39. Raleigh, boxes 68-70\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n40. Randolph, box 71\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n41. Ritchie, box 71\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n42. Roane, box 71\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n43. Summers, boxes 72-75\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n44. Taylor, boxes 76-77\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n45. Tucker, boxes 78-80\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n46. Tyler, box 80\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n47. Upshur, boxes 80-81\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n48. Wayne, box 81\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n49. Webster, boxes 81-83\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n50. Wetzel, box 83\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n51. Wirt, box 83\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n52. Wood, boxes 84-86\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n53. Wyoming, box 86\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEach county in Series 1 contains records documenting some or all of the following 18 topics:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1. Natural Setting. Includes: photographs, clippings, recordings of personal observations, interviews, geological surveys, information from county government nurseries, and the West Virginia Blue book, describing the topography, wild life, terrain, and botanical characteristics of counties.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2. Points of Interest. Includes: narratives and research reports collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, clippings, photographs, maps, and magazine articles regarding subjects deemed to have special significance in the counties such as historic houses, businesses, parks, public buildings, markers, forts, memorials, Native American burial mounds, and battlefields.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e3. Places and Places Names. Includes: clippings, narratives, statistics, and histories regarding the naming of cities, towns, communities, and geographic features in the counties.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e4. Early Life and Occupations. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, narratives, oral histories, photographs, and illustrations documenting the lives of the first white settlers. Most occupations focused on survival and involved farming, hunting, and fur trading. There are also several narratives recording the relationships between the settlers and the Native Americans.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e5. The People. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, census records, and magazine articles among other materials, regarding the diversity and ancestry of past and present residents in the counties, including documentation of their races, nationalities, religions, and cultures.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e6. History. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, narratives, muster lists, poll records, oral histories, photographs, clippings, maps, and archeological information regarding the history of the counties, usually beginning with the \"aborigines\" or native inhabitants, the first European settlers, and the relationships between the two cultures, including conflicts; and establishment of county governments and commerce under colonial rule, and later as part of an independent nation. There is also information pertaining to local citizen involvement in battles and wars such as The French and Indian War (1755-1763), Dunmore's War (1774), The American Revolution (1775-1783), The War of 1812 (1812-1814), The Mexican-American War (1846-48), The Spanish -American War (1898), and The First World War (1917-1918).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e7. Civil War History. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, narratives, muster rolls, causality lists, correspondence, interviews, personal memoirs, photographs, songs, and poems pertaining to the involvement of county residents, both Union and Confederate, in the \"War Between the States\", including accounts of battles, skirmishes, and related events, mostly in the West Virginia and Virginia region.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e8. Biographical Sketches. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, narratives, and photographs regarding notable citizens of the counties.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e9. Transportation and Communication. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers Program staff, photographs, surveys, maps, clippings, schedules, statistical charts, transcripts of court records, deeds, and contracts recording the history and development of transportation infrastructure, including roadways, bridges, railroads, waterways, and airfields in the counties, including the introduction of new modes of transportation. There is also information regarding the history and progress of communication technology such as the pony express mail delivery, the telegraph, telephones, radio, airmail delivery, and newspapers.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e10. Commerce and Industry. Includes: photographs, clippings, ephemera, statistics, geological surveys, transcripts of mine reports, and biographies of entrepreneurs regarding the major industries of the counties such as mining, oil and natural gas drilling, and the processing and transportation of coal and timber. There are also histories of once successful enterprises, including grain and lumber mills, iron ore producers, glass factories, and potteries.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e11. Cultural and Social Advances. Includes: newspaper clippings, magazines articles, correspondence, ephemera, and narratives regarding museums, literary activities and libraries, the arts and theater, medical and health resources, and benevolent organizations.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e12. County Government. Includes: memoirs, historical narratives, and other material regarding the formation of the counties and their governments; the location of courthouses; the establishment of laws and statutes, law enforcement, and a judicial system; and New Deal infrastructure projects. There are also transcripts of census records, and of court records such as taxes, wills, deeds, and election results.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e13. Education. Includes: research reports and narratives collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, newspaper clippings, class schedules, school enrollments, records of Boards of Education, and photographs regarding the histories, curriculums, facilities, and faculties of county public (\"free\") grade schools, high schools, private and parochial schools, trade schools, colleges, and West Virginia University. In addition there is information pertaining to several \"Negro\" or segregated schools and colleges.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e14. Religion. Includes: narratives, research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff; photographs; correspondence; ephemera; and transcripts of church, court, and cemetery records. The bulk of the information pertains to the history of individual Christian churches, regional circuit riders, local clergy, denominations, church buildings, and church schools. There is also material regarding the local African-American churches such as the A.M.E. (the African Methodist Episcopal) church.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e15. Annual Events. Includes: newspaper clippings, magazine articles, narratives, calendars, photographs, and ephemera documenting yearly festivals, fairs, contests, parades, jubilees, concerts, and galas among other traditional celebrations in the counties.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e16. Permanent Organizations. Includes: narratives, newspaper clippings, and directories documenting clubs, charity groups, councils, associations, societies, lodges and other assemblages such as county historical societies, 4-H clubs, Daughters of the American Revolution, Kiwanis, the Rotary Club, YMCA, YWCA, Boy Scouts, and the Red Cross.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e17. Correspondence. Includes: letters, telegrams, memoranda, reports, and assignment sheets with notes and comments recording communications between Writers' Program supervisors, writers, public officials, and local citizens.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e18. Folklore. Includes: transcripts of stories and interviews, newspaper and magazines articles, autograph and scrapbook verses, remedies, recipes, song lyrics, and square dance calls, among other materials. The information documents West Virginia's local cultures, traditions, and lore handed down through generations such as ghost stories, legends of local heroes, treatment for physical ailments, omens, and superstitions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNotable items in the County Series include:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003einformation regarding Native American burial grounds and artifacts (located in Marshall County, box 31, folders 5 and 6);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ea narrative explaining how the dispute over the location of the courthouse in Beverly was settled with a game of horseshoes (located in Randolph County, box 71, folder 3);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eresearch regarding the history of transportation along the Ohio River and its tributaries, including the modes used by Native Americans and early European traders, and Ohio River lock schedules and shipping records for 1926-1936 (located in Mason County, box 33, folders 5 and 8);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ea transcript of a 1776 \"Petition of the Dissenters of the Tuscarora Congregation in Berkeley County\" addressed to the \"House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Virginia\" regarding the recent \"deliverance from British oppression\" and a request to suspend the Ecclesiastic Establishment (located in box 4, folder 6);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ea transcript of several diary entries, 1861/April to 1864/July, authored by Sue N. Riddle, a parishioner of the Presbyterian Church at Martinsburg regarding local Civil War battles, army occupations, involvement of churches in the area, destruction of property, and the arrest of local resident Andrew Hunter (the prosecutor in John Brown's trail) by the Federal Army (located in Berkeley County, box 4, folder 6);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ea transcript of an eyewitness account pertaining to the formation of the Monroe Guard (Company D, 27th Virginia, Stonewall Brigade), and a transcript of a letter from Lieutenant John Tiffany of the Monroe Guard to his parents in Monroe County, West Virginia, describing the Battle of Chancellorsville (Tiffany was killed seven weeks later at Gettysburg) (located in Monroe County, box 50, folder 3);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eseveral photographs of industrial sites and workers in southern West Virginia, ca. 1890-1930 (located in Mercer County, box 40, folder 2);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ephotographs documenting railroad structures, workers, trains, and passenger travel, ca. 1888-1940 (located in Mercer County, box 40, folder 7);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eseveral copies of \"The White Sulphur Springs Echo\" and the \"Lee Week Herald\", ca. 1932-1937, recording events celebrating Confederate General Robert E. Lee and his three post-war holidays at White Sulphur Springs, 1867-1869, including facsimiles of original newsletters from ca. 1870s (located in Greenbrier County, box 22, folder 3);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eand information regarding colonial pottery and artisans, such as \"Master\" Foulke and his apprentice, John Thompson (samples of their unique works and tools are in the Smithsonian Museum) (located in Monongalia County, box 46, folder 9).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes two original manuscript drafts that were submitted with the editors' comments for Chapter 4: The People, of The History of Monroe County.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGeneral Material includes information related to West Virginia culture such as music, folklore, history, literature, education, artisans, and points of interest. There are also photographs and information regarding Smoke Hole in Pendleton County, and narratives pertaining to \"old characters\" of West Virginia, some of which were published in \"Mountain State Tintype\", a Writers' Program collaboration. The materials in this series include: correspondence, transcripts of court records, transcripts of interviews, poems, songs, newspaper clippings, manuscripts, narratives, editorial essays, and publications.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNotable items in the General Material Series include:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ea transcript of Colonel (rank of Captain at the time) Charles Lewis' journal entries of 1756/October-November, recording a march of the Virginia Rangers with Colonel George Washington to the Patterson Creek Valley (now Mineral County), an area heavily attacked by native Americans during the French and Indian War (located in box 87, folder 8);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eseveral transcripts of Civil War letters from both Confederate and Union soldiers involved in numerous battles of the war (some letters also broke the news to families of the wounding and death of loved ones involved in the battles) (located in box 87, folder 8);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ethree original letters, including an 1861 love letter, an 1861 letter authored by make-up artist and mimic Shannon Butcher, and an 1865 letter from Confederate prisoner of war Stephen Points Jr. in Fort Delaware to Miss Artie Pribble of Wirt County (located in box 88, folder 8).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series documents West Virginia's local cultures, traditions and lore handed down through generations such as ghost stories, legends of local heroes, treatment for physical ailments, \"tokens\" or omens, war songs, love songs and hymns, memory book verses and tombstone inscriptions, and games (including \"Go to the Mill\" and \"Steal Partners\", played during social gatherings such as \"Molasses Boilin's\" and \"Apple Cutting\" parties). The materials in this series include: transcripts of interviews, narratives, newspaper clippings, magazine articles, poems, remedies, recipes, lyrics of songs and ballads, square dance calls, games, omens and superstitions, and seasonal customs.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNotable items in the Folklore Series include:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eremedy for sore and sprained muscles (\"apply coal oil, with a chicken feather, no other kind of feather would do, on affected parts\") (located in box 90, folder 2);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003elockjaw prevention (\"if anyone has a puncture wound from a nail, grease the nail and carry it in their pocket until healed, they will never have lockjaw\") (located in box 91, folder 5);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eomens and superstitions (\"combings of hair carefully burned lest some bird finds it and builds it into its nest, in which event the person from whose head the hair came would suffer with headache until the fledglings left the nest\") (located in box 91, folder 5);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eomens and superstitions (\"take a hoe or spade into the house and a member of the family will die within the year; trim your toenails on Good Friday and you will not have toothache\") (located in box 91, folder 6);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ea narrative regarding traditional gatherings called \"workings\", usually involving an act of \"neighborliness\" by the surrounding neighbors helping each other with such tasks as barn raising, harvesting, quilting, and \"putting up\" food for storage (located in box 91, folder 9).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series documents historical events such as John Brown's raid, Civil War battles and skirmishes, and the harassment and arrests of local citizens by occupying armies. There are also items regarding the striking geographical setting of the Harpers Ferry area and its culture. The materials in the series include: narratives, letters, eyewitness accounts, newspaper clippings, poems, and research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' program staff.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere are several narratives written by Jennie Chambers (ca. 1845-1907) recording events involving Jennie and her family, who lived on Bolivar Heights above Harpers Ferry. These include Jennie's firsthand accounts of:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1. John Brown's raid (located in box 92, folders 5a and 5c, including photocopies of Jennie Chamber's full account as printed in Harper's Monthly, 1902; folders 6a-photocopy and 6c-original newspaper clipping relating an excerpt of Jennie's story);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2. the seizing of the United States Armory by the Virginia militia after the State's secession, and her father's arrest for refusing to yield the armory to the rebels (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, 9c-original document);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e3. a heroic episode in 1861 when Jennie, running before the enemy, warned Union pickets of approaching Confederate cavalry (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, and 9c-original document);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e4. Jennie's description of the frightening experience of hiding with her family in their cellar in the midst of the shelling by Stonewall Jackson's artillery during the September 15, 1862 attack, and her amazement of the soldiers' conduct after the Federal surrender (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, and 9c-original document).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere are also records documenting events before and after the Civil War, such as a transcript of an 1847 letter from William Shipman of Jefferson County, a United States Army soldier fighting in the Mexican War, regarding the orders from Washington to split up Zachary Taylor's Army (located in box 92, folders 2a-photocopy, and 2b-transcript).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOther notable items in the Harpers Ferry series include:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ea transcript of a 1914 interview with John Thomas Allstadt, who was taken hostage by John Brown's raiders in 1859 (Allstadt, 18 years old at the time, was held with his father and others as hostages in the engine house at Harpers Ferry. His eyewitness account of the two day ordeal includes descriptions of the Marines charging the engine house and the capture of John Brown.) (located in box 92, folders 6a-photocopies, 6b-transcripts, and 6c-original clipping);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ean original 1895 letter from Kate Field to Mrs. Lightner regarding Miss Field's choice of the property on Bolivar Heights for the relocation of John Brown's Fort (The fort had been targeted for demolition after being on exhibit at the 1893 Chicago World's Fair, and Kate Field raised both public awareness and funds to rescue the fort.) (located in box 92, folders 8a- photocopy and transcript, 8b-original);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ea narrative relating the last minute reprieve of three Union deserters as they faced a firing squad on Camp Hill, Harpers Ferry (located in box 92, folders 10a-photocopy, 10b-transcript, 10c-original document);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eoriginal and transcripts of letters regarding three brothers, Samuel, Collin and Charles Noland, all Confederate soldiers (Two brothers were POWs at Fort Delaware and one brother was mortally wounded soon after writing to his mother from camp on 20 September 1863.) (located in box 92, folders 11a-photocopies, 11b-transcripts, and 11c-original).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Fact Book series contains:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1. Fact Book--General, boxes 93-98\n2. Fact Book--Manuscript of \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\", boxes 99-100\n3. Fact Book--African-Americans, boxes 100-103\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe materials in this series includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, narratives, inventories, geological studies, transcripts of government reports and records, correspondence, maps, magazine articles, illustrations, bibliographies, statistics, ephemera, graphs, clippings, bibliographies, manuscripts, newsletters, transcripts of court records, newspaper articles, editorials, and interviews.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1. \"Fact Book--General\" includes material regarding several topics that are also listed in the Counties series, however this material relates to the State. There is also information pertaining to agriculture, architecture, sports and recreation, coal, labor and miners, federal and state government, courts, public health and other services, Revolutionary War records, West Virginia authors, Greeks and Lithuanians in West Virginia, covered bridges, geology and geography, and newspapers published in West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNotable items in Fact Book--General include:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003etypescripts of the 1795-1800 Kentucky and Virginia boundary line settlement, and excerpts from 1870 United States Supreme Court Reports regarding the transfer of Jefferson and Berkeley Counties from Virginia to West Virginia (located in box 95, folder 1);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ea typescript of the 1919 report from a commission appointed by West Virginia Governor Cornwell regarding the charges by coal miners against coal operators (the coal operators were accused of employing armed guards and posting them in the Guyan field of Logan County to physically assault and intimidate miners) (located in box 95, folder 6).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2. \"Fact Book--Manuscript\" includes a set of typescripts for \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\".\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e3. \"Factbook--African-Americans\" contains materials from ca. 1815-1942 documenting African-Americans in West Virginia, including records regarding slavery, abolition, and antebellum laws. There are also biographies of several prominent individuals, and information regarding educational institutions, organizations, and rural life.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNotable materials in Fact Book--African-Americans include:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eseveral transcripts of county court records regarding slavery, such as wills claiming slaves as chattel (for delivery to a new owner \"forever\"), declarations of emancipation, bills of sale for slaves, records regarding the use of slaves as payment to settle debts, and indictments of \"free negroes\" on various charges (many of whom were charged with remaining in the Commonwealth of Virginia after manumission);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003etranscripts of articles and editorials, ca. 1814-1860, from western Virginia newspapers addressing several issues regarding slavery such as expansion into the territories of the western United States, abolition of slavery, treatment of freemen, and reactions to Harriet Beecher Stowe's \"Uncle Tom's Cabin\";\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003enewspaper article regarding an attempt by slave traders to kidnap a free African-American in Wellsville, reported 1858/7/17 in The Wheeling Daily Intelligencer (located in box 100, folder 3);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003earticle entitled \"Slave Trade Horrors\" reporting the capture by authorities of a slave trade vessel off the Virginia coast (out of 120 slaves on board all but two were age eleven or younger) reported 1841/12/4 in The Kanawha Republican (located in box 100, folder 3);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003etranscripts of newspaper articles and editorials from western Virginia newspapers regarding John Brown's raid at Harper's Ferry, the raiders' trials, their executions, and the reactions of Virginians, the deep south, and northern states (located in box 100, folder 4 and box 103, folder 1);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003einterviews, narratives, and research reports regarding successful and prominent African-Americans in West Virginia (ca. 1900-1942) such as John Warren Davis, President of West Virginia State College (located in box 100, folder 5);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003etranscript of the Virginia Court of Appeals decision regarding a challenge to a deceased slave-owner's Will (The Will declared his slaves were to be allowed to choose either freedom or to remain enslaved to a new master. The court ruled against the last request of the deceased and in favor of the executor of the Will, claiming the African-Americans were not capable of making such a decision and therefore were to stay in bondage.) (located in box 100, folder 8).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes records related to publication of \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\". Includes correspondence, narratives, research reports, and forms collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff. Correspondence is between federal and state offices of the Writers Program, government officials, local chambers of commerce, national and state publications and newspapers, prominent historian Dr. Roy Bird Cook (located in box 104, folder 6), and West Virginia University professors such as Louis Chappell and Maurice Brooks, among others (located in box 104, folders 1-5). Several of the narratives are in a traveling tour format, recording directions, locations, and information pertaining to points of interest throughout the state. There are also drafts, final manuscripts, and galleys for \"A Guide to the Mountain State\". Also includes magazine articles, newspaper clippings, statistics, chemical analyses, photographs, manuscripts, and illustrations related to publication of the \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\".\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAdditional administrative records for the Writers' Program in West Virginia can be found in A\u0026amp;M 527, West Virginia University, WPA Writers Project, Records, at this repository.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNotable items in the Writers' Project series include:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003einformation pertaining to mineral springs such as White Sulphur Springs, Salt Springs, Capon Springs, and Old Sweet Springs, among others (located in box 103, folder 4);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ehistorical narratives regarding the first telephone service in West Virginia, and the introduction of the first night-train travel service by Henry G. Davis (both items located in box 103, folder 9);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003etranscripts of correspondence (1747-1754) between The Board of Trade and Plantations and the Royal Governors of the Colony Of Virginia regarding French encroachment and Indian attacks in the English colony's territory, including a 1754 letter from Governor Dinwiddie reporting \"Mr. Washington's\" observations during his recent expedition to the western Virginia territory (located in box 104, folder 9);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003etranscripts of excerpts from the 1743-1748 journals of Moravian missionaries Leonard Schnell, Robert Hussey, Matthias Gottschalk, Joseph Spangenberg, and Matthew Reutz during their travels through northwestern Virginia (Patterson Creek and South Branch) down the Shenandoah Valley to Georgia, recording their observations of the wilderness and reactions to their ministries (located in box 104, folder 11);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003etranscript of a proclamation from Virginia's Royal Lt. Governor Gooch, warning settlers that \"... Itinerant Preachers have...crept into this Colony...those corrupters of our Faith and true religion to propagate their shocking doctrines...\" (located in box 104, folder 11).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes oversize material transferred from other record series. Includes: publications related to Greenbrier County and White Sulphur Springs transferred from box 22, folder 3.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Papers created by the Writers' Program in West Virginia (ca. 1935-1942), a part of the Federal Works Progress Administration (WPA).  For more information regarding this Program, please see the Biographical / Historical Note.","The Writers' Program collection is arranged into series established on the basis of topics. This topical arrangement simply emerged from the documentation resulting from the subject-based research assignments delegated to the writers.","There are six series in the collection:","Series 1. Counties, Boxes 1-86 \nSeries 2. General Material, Boxes 87-89 \nSeries 3. Folklore by County, Boxes 89-91 \nSeries 4. Harpers Ferry, Boxes 92-93 \nSeries 5. Fact Book, Boxes 93-103 \nSeries 6. Writers Project, Boxes 103-108 \nSeries 7. Oversize, Box 109","The Counties series, the largest series in the collection, includes material focused on the following topics:  natural setting, points of interest, places and place names, early life and occupations, the people, history, Civil War history, biographical sketches, transportation and communication, commerce and industry, cultural and social advances, county government, education, religion, annual events, permanent organizations, and folklore.  Other series in the collection cover many additional topics.","The sources accessed by the writers for their research include: interviews and eyewitness accounts, court records, governmental records, church and cemetery records, family records, and school records. The personnel of local historical societies, educational institutions, governmental agencies, and community organizations were consulted for information as well. In some cases the personal memories and observations of the writers were used as source material. Much of the material in the collection includes cover sheets that indicate sources. The resulting quantity and quality of research and writing varies within the collection.","Published material consulted and transcribed by the Writers' Program includes: newspapers, magazines, journals, bulletins, pamphlets, booklets, high school yearbooks, surveys, business and industry statistics, textbooks, blue books, encyclopedias, and atlases.","Unpublished material, or archives and manuscripts, consulted and transcribed by the Writers' Program includes letters, telegrams, diaries, photographs, transcripts of interviews, and narratives.","Although most material consists of transcriptions, some original documents can be found in the collection as well, both published and unpublished.","Items of special interest include originals and transcripts of letters from the Civil War period in the General Material series. The Harpers Ferry series includes several firsthand accounts regarding the Ferry's rich history, including John Brown's 1859 raid and the Civil War.","The West Virginia County series includes records for 53 of the state's 55 counties, excluding Mineral and Morgan Counties (Mineral County records are in A\u0026M 183):","1. Barbour, boxes 1-4 \n2. Berkeley, boxes 4-5 \n3. Boone, box 5 \n4. Braxton, boxes 6-7 \n5. Brooke, box 7 \n6. Cabell, boxes 7-10 \n7. Calhoun, box 10 \n8. Clay, box 10 \n9. Doddridge, boxes 10-14 \n10. Fayette, boxes 14-16 \n11. Gilmer, boxes 16-20 \n12. Grant, box 20 \n13. Greenbrier, boxes 21-22 \n14. Hardy, boxes 22-23 \n15. Hampshire, box 23 (see also A\u0026M 183) \n16. Hancock, box 24 \n17. Harrison, box 24 \n18. Jackson, box 25 \n19. Jefferson, boxes 25-27 \n20. Kanawha, boxes 28-29 \n21. Lewis, box 29 \n22. Lincoln, box 29 \n23. Logan, box 30 \n24. Marion, box 30 \n25. Marshall, box 31 \n26. Mason, boxes 31-36 \n27. Mercer, boxes 37-42 \nxx. Mineral (in A\u0026M 183) \n28. Mingo, boxes 43-45 \n29. Monongalia, box 46 \n30. Monroe, boxes 47-53 \n31. McDowell, box 54 \n32. Nicholas, boxes 55-57 \n33. Ohio, boxes 57-58 \n34. Pendleton, box 59 \n35. Pleasants, box 59 \n36. Pocahontas, boxes 60-64 \n37. Preston, box 65 \n38. Putnam, boxes 65-67 \n39. Raleigh, boxes 68-70 \n40. Randolph, box 71 \n41. Ritchie, box 71 \n42. Roane, box 71 \n43. Summers, boxes 72-75 \n44. Taylor, boxes 76-77 \n45. Tucker, boxes 78-80 \n46. Tyler, box 80 \n47. Upshur, boxes 80-81 \n48. Wayne, box 81 \n49. Webster, boxes 81-83 \n50. Wetzel, box 83 \n51. Wirt, box 83 \n52. Wood, boxes 84-86 \n53. Wyoming, box 86","Each county in Series 1 contains records documenting some or all of the following 18 topics:","1. Natural Setting. Includes: photographs, clippings, recordings of personal observations, interviews, geological surveys, information from county government nurseries, and the West Virginia Blue book, describing the topography, wild life, terrain, and botanical characteristics of counties.","2. Points of Interest. Includes: narratives and research reports collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, clippings, photographs, maps, and magazine articles regarding subjects deemed to have special significance in the counties such as historic houses, businesses, parks, public buildings, markers, forts, memorials, Native American burial mounds, and battlefields.","3. Places and Places Names. Includes: clippings, narratives, statistics, and histories regarding the naming of cities, towns, communities, and geographic features in the counties.","4. Early Life and Occupations. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, narratives, oral histories, photographs, and illustrations documenting the lives of the first white settlers. Most occupations focused on survival and involved farming, hunting, and fur trading. There are also several narratives recording the relationships between the settlers and the Native Americans.","5. The People. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, census records, and magazine articles among other materials, regarding the diversity and ancestry of past and present residents in the counties, including documentation of their races, nationalities, religions, and cultures.","6. History. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, narratives, muster lists, poll records, oral histories, photographs, clippings, maps, and archeological information regarding the history of the counties, usually beginning with the \"aborigines\" or native inhabitants, the first European settlers, and the relationships between the two cultures, including conflicts; and establishment of county governments and commerce under colonial rule, and later as part of an independent nation. There is also information pertaining to local citizen involvement in battles and wars such as The French and Indian War (1755-1763), Dunmore's War (1774), The American Revolution (1775-1783), The War of 1812 (1812-1814), The Mexican-American War (1846-48), The Spanish -American War (1898), and The First World War (1917-1918).","7. Civil War History. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, narratives, muster rolls, causality lists, correspondence, interviews, personal memoirs, photographs, songs, and poems pertaining to the involvement of county residents, both Union and Confederate, in the \"War Between the States\", including accounts of battles, skirmishes, and related events, mostly in the West Virginia and Virginia region.","8. Biographical Sketches. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, narratives, and photographs regarding notable citizens of the counties.","9. Transportation and Communication. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers Program staff, photographs, surveys, maps, clippings, schedules, statistical charts, transcripts of court records, deeds, and contracts recording the history and development of transportation infrastructure, including roadways, bridges, railroads, waterways, and airfields in the counties, including the introduction of new modes of transportation. There is also information regarding the history and progress of communication technology such as the pony express mail delivery, the telegraph, telephones, radio, airmail delivery, and newspapers.","10. Commerce and Industry. Includes: photographs, clippings, ephemera, statistics, geological surveys, transcripts of mine reports, and biographies of entrepreneurs regarding the major industries of the counties such as mining, oil and natural gas drilling, and the processing and transportation of coal and timber. There are also histories of once successful enterprises, including grain and lumber mills, iron ore producers, glass factories, and potteries.","11. Cultural and Social Advances. Includes: newspaper clippings, magazines articles, correspondence, ephemera, and narratives regarding museums, literary activities and libraries, the arts and theater, medical and health resources, and benevolent organizations.","12. County Government. Includes: memoirs, historical narratives, and other material regarding the formation of the counties and their governments; the location of courthouses; the establishment of laws and statutes, law enforcement, and a judicial system; and New Deal infrastructure projects. There are also transcripts of census records, and of court records such as taxes, wills, deeds, and election results.","13. Education. Includes: research reports and narratives collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, newspaper clippings, class schedules, school enrollments, records of Boards of Education, and photographs regarding the histories, curriculums, facilities, and faculties of county public (\"free\") grade schools, high schools, private and parochial schools, trade schools, colleges, and West Virginia University. In addition there is information pertaining to several \"Negro\" or segregated schools and colleges.","14. Religion. Includes: narratives, research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff; photographs; correspondence; ephemera; and transcripts of church, court, and cemetery records. The bulk of the information pertains to the history of individual Christian churches, regional circuit riders, local clergy, denominations, church buildings, and church schools. There is also material regarding the local African-American churches such as the A.M.E. (the African Methodist Episcopal) church.","15. Annual Events. Includes: newspaper clippings, magazine articles, narratives, calendars, photographs, and ephemera documenting yearly festivals, fairs, contests, parades, jubilees, concerts, and galas among other traditional celebrations in the counties.","16. Permanent Organizations. Includes: narratives, newspaper clippings, and directories documenting clubs, charity groups, councils, associations, societies, lodges and other assemblages such as county historical societies, 4-H clubs, Daughters of the American Revolution, Kiwanis, the Rotary Club, YMCA, YWCA, Boy Scouts, and the Red Cross.","17. Correspondence. Includes: letters, telegrams, memoranda, reports, and assignment sheets with notes and comments recording communications between Writers' Program supervisors, writers, public officials, and local citizens.","18. Folklore. Includes: transcripts of stories and interviews, newspaper and magazines articles, autograph and scrapbook verses, remedies, recipes, song lyrics, and square dance calls, among other materials. The information documents West Virginia's local cultures, traditions, and lore handed down through generations such as ghost stories, legends of local heroes, treatment for physical ailments, omens, and superstitions.","Notable items in the County Series include:","information regarding Native American burial grounds and artifacts (located in Marshall County, box 31, folders 5 and 6);","a narrative explaining how the dispute over the location of the courthouse in Beverly was settled with a game of horseshoes (located in Randolph County, box 71, folder 3);","research regarding the history of transportation along the Ohio River and its tributaries, including the modes used by Native Americans and early European traders, and Ohio River lock schedules and shipping records for 1926-1936 (located in Mason County, box 33, folders 5 and 8);","a transcript of a 1776 \"Petition of the Dissenters of the Tuscarora Congregation in Berkeley County\" addressed to the \"House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Virginia\" regarding the recent \"deliverance from British oppression\" and a request to suspend the Ecclesiastic Establishment (located in box 4, folder 6);","a transcript of several diary entries, 1861/April to 1864/July, authored by Sue N. Riddle, a parishioner of the Presbyterian Church at Martinsburg regarding local Civil War battles, army occupations, involvement of churches in the area, destruction of property, and the arrest of local resident Andrew Hunter (the prosecutor in John Brown's trail) by the Federal Army (located in Berkeley County, box 4, folder 6);","a transcript of an eyewitness account pertaining to the formation of the Monroe Guard (Company D, 27th Virginia, Stonewall Brigade), and a transcript of a letter from Lieutenant John Tiffany of the Monroe Guard to his parents in Monroe County, West Virginia, describing the Battle of Chancellorsville (Tiffany was killed seven weeks later at Gettysburg) (located in Monroe County, box 50, folder 3);","several photographs of industrial sites and workers in southern West Virginia, ca. 1890-1930 (located in Mercer County, box 40, folder 2);","photographs documenting railroad structures, workers, trains, and passenger travel, ca. 1888-1940 (located in Mercer County, box 40, folder 7);","several copies of \"The White Sulphur Springs Echo\" and the \"Lee Week Herald\", ca. 1932-1937, recording events celebrating Confederate General Robert E. Lee and his three post-war holidays at White Sulphur Springs, 1867-1869, including facsimiles of original newsletters from ca. 1870s (located in Greenbrier County, box 22, folder 3);","and information regarding colonial pottery and artisans, such as \"Master\" Foulke and his apprentice, John Thompson (samples of their unique works and tools are in the Smithsonian Museum) (located in Monongalia County, box 46, folder 9).","Includes two original manuscript drafts that were submitted with the editors' comments for Chapter 4: The People, of The History of Monroe County.","General Material includes information related to West Virginia culture such as music, folklore, history, literature, education, artisans, and points of interest. There are also photographs and information regarding Smoke Hole in Pendleton County, and narratives pertaining to \"old characters\" of West Virginia, some of which were published in \"Mountain State Tintype\", a Writers' Program collaboration. The materials in this series include: correspondence, transcripts of court records, transcripts of interviews, poems, songs, newspaper clippings, manuscripts, narratives, editorial essays, and publications.","Notable items in the General Material Series include:","a transcript of Colonel (rank of Captain at the time) Charles Lewis' journal entries of 1756/October-November, recording a march of the Virginia Rangers with Colonel George Washington to the Patterson Creek Valley (now Mineral County), an area heavily attacked by native Americans during the French and Indian War (located in box 87, folder 8);","several transcripts of Civil War letters from both Confederate and Union soldiers involved in numerous battles of the war (some letters also broke the news to families of the wounding and death of loved ones involved in the battles) (located in box 87, folder 8);","three original letters, including an 1861 love letter, an 1861 letter authored by make-up artist and mimic Shannon Butcher, and an 1865 letter from Confederate prisoner of war Stephen Points Jr. in Fort Delaware to Miss Artie Pribble of Wirt County (located in box 88, folder 8).","This series documents West Virginia's local cultures, traditions and lore handed down through generations such as ghost stories, legends of local heroes, treatment for physical ailments, \"tokens\" or omens, war songs, love songs and hymns, memory book verses and tombstone inscriptions, and games (including \"Go to the Mill\" and \"Steal Partners\", played during social gatherings such as \"Molasses Boilin's\" and \"Apple Cutting\" parties). The materials in this series include: transcripts of interviews, narratives, newspaper clippings, magazine articles, poems, remedies, recipes, lyrics of songs and ballads, square dance calls, games, omens and superstitions, and seasonal customs.","Notable items in the Folklore Series include:","remedy for sore and sprained muscles (\"apply coal oil, with a chicken feather, no other kind of feather would do, on affected parts\") (located in box 90, folder 2);","lockjaw prevention (\"if anyone has a puncture wound from a nail, grease the nail and carry it in their pocket until healed, they will never have lockjaw\") (located in box 91, folder 5);","omens and superstitions (\"combings of hair carefully burned lest some bird finds it and builds it into its nest, in which event the person from whose head the hair came would suffer with headache until the fledglings left the nest\") (located in box 91, folder 5);","omens and superstitions (\"take a hoe or spade into the house and a member of the family will die within the year; trim your toenails on Good Friday and you will not have toothache\") (located in box 91, folder 6);","a narrative regarding traditional gatherings called \"workings\", usually involving an act of \"neighborliness\" by the surrounding neighbors helping each other with such tasks as barn raising, harvesting, quilting, and \"putting up\" food for storage (located in box 91, folder 9).","This series documents historical events such as John Brown's raid, Civil War battles and skirmishes, and the harassment and arrests of local citizens by occupying armies. There are also items regarding the striking geographical setting of the Harpers Ferry area and its culture. The materials in the series include: narratives, letters, eyewitness accounts, newspaper clippings, poems, and research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' program staff.","There are several narratives written by Jennie Chambers (ca. 1845-1907) recording events involving Jennie and her family, who lived on Bolivar Heights above Harpers Ferry. These include Jennie's firsthand accounts of:","1. John Brown's raid (located in box 92, folders 5a and 5c, including photocopies of Jennie Chamber's full account as printed in Harper's Monthly, 1902; folders 6a-photocopy and 6c-original newspaper clipping relating an excerpt of Jennie's story);","2. the seizing of the United States Armory by the Virginia militia after the State's secession, and her father's arrest for refusing to yield the armory to the rebels (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, 9c-original document);","3. a heroic episode in 1861 when Jennie, running before the enemy, warned Union pickets of approaching Confederate cavalry (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, and 9c-original document);","4. Jennie's description of the frightening experience of hiding with her family in their cellar in the midst of the shelling by Stonewall Jackson's artillery during the September 15, 1862 attack, and her amazement of the soldiers' conduct after the Federal surrender (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, and 9c-original document).","There are also records documenting events before and after the Civil War, such as a transcript of an 1847 letter from William Shipman of Jefferson County, a United States Army soldier fighting in the Mexican War, regarding the orders from Washington to split up Zachary Taylor's Army (located in box 92, folders 2a-photocopy, and 2b-transcript).","Other notable items in the Harpers Ferry series include:","a transcript of a 1914 interview with John Thomas Allstadt, who was taken hostage by John Brown's raiders in 1859 (Allstadt, 18 years old at the time, was held with his father and others as hostages in the engine house at Harpers Ferry. His eyewitness account of the two day ordeal includes descriptions of the Marines charging the engine house and the capture of John Brown.) (located in box 92, folders 6a-photocopies, 6b-transcripts, and 6c-original clipping);","an original 1895 letter from Kate Field to Mrs. Lightner regarding Miss Field's choice of the property on Bolivar Heights for the relocation of John Brown's Fort (The fort had been targeted for demolition after being on exhibit at the 1893 Chicago World's Fair, and Kate Field raised both public awareness and funds to rescue the fort.) (located in box 92, folders 8a- photocopy and transcript, 8b-original);","a narrative relating the last minute reprieve of three Union deserters as they faced a firing squad on Camp Hill, Harpers Ferry (located in box 92, folders 10a-photocopy, 10b-transcript, 10c-original document);","original and transcripts of letters regarding three brothers, Samuel, Collin and Charles Noland, all Confederate soldiers (Two brothers were POWs at Fort Delaware and one brother was mortally wounded soon after writing to his mother from camp on 20 September 1863.) (located in box 92, folders 11a-photocopies, 11b-transcripts, and 11c-original).","The Fact Book series contains:","1. Fact Book--General, boxes 93-98\n2. Fact Book--Manuscript of \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\", boxes 99-100\n3. Fact Book--African-Americans, boxes 100-103","The materials in this series includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, narratives, inventories, geological studies, transcripts of government reports and records, correspondence, maps, magazine articles, illustrations, bibliographies, statistics, ephemera, graphs, clippings, bibliographies, manuscripts, newsletters, transcripts of court records, newspaper articles, editorials, and interviews.","1. \"Fact Book--General\" includes material regarding several topics that are also listed in the Counties series, however this material relates to the State. There is also information pertaining to agriculture, architecture, sports and recreation, coal, labor and miners, federal and state government, courts, public health and other services, Revolutionary War records, West Virginia authors, Greeks and Lithuanians in West Virginia, covered bridges, geology and geography, and newspapers published in West Virginia.","Notable items in Fact Book--General include:","typescripts of the 1795-1800 Kentucky and Virginia boundary line settlement, and excerpts from 1870 United States Supreme Court Reports regarding the transfer of Jefferson and Berkeley Counties from Virginia to West Virginia (located in box 95, folder 1);","a typescript of the 1919 report from a commission appointed by West Virginia Governor Cornwell regarding the charges by coal miners against coal operators (the coal operators were accused of employing armed guards and posting them in the Guyan field of Logan County to physically assault and intimidate miners) (located in box 95, folder 6).","2. \"Fact Book--Manuscript\" includes a set of typescripts for \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\".","3. \"Factbook--African-Americans\" contains materials from ca. 1815-1942 documenting African-Americans in West Virginia, including records regarding slavery, abolition, and antebellum laws. There are also biographies of several prominent individuals, and information regarding educational institutions, organizations, and rural life.","Notable materials in Fact Book--African-Americans include:","several transcripts of county court records regarding slavery, such as wills claiming slaves as chattel (for delivery to a new owner \"forever\"), declarations of emancipation, bills of sale for slaves, records regarding the use of slaves as payment to settle debts, and indictments of \"free negroes\" on various charges (many of whom were charged with remaining in the Commonwealth of Virginia after manumission);","transcripts of articles and editorials, ca. 1814-1860, from western Virginia newspapers addressing several issues regarding slavery such as expansion into the territories of the western United States, abolition of slavery, treatment of freemen, and reactions to Harriet Beecher Stowe's \"Uncle Tom's Cabin\";","newspaper article regarding an attempt by slave traders to kidnap a free African-American in Wellsville, reported 1858/7/17 in The Wheeling Daily Intelligencer (located in box 100, folder 3);","article entitled \"Slave Trade Horrors\" reporting the capture by authorities of a slave trade vessel off the Virginia coast (out of 120 slaves on board all but two were age eleven or younger) reported 1841/12/4 in The Kanawha Republican (located in box 100, folder 3);","transcripts of newspaper articles and editorials from western Virginia newspapers regarding John Brown's raid at Harper's Ferry, the raiders' trials, their executions, and the reactions of Virginians, the deep south, and northern states (located in box 100, folder 4 and box 103, folder 1);","interviews, narratives, and research reports regarding successful and prominent African-Americans in West Virginia (ca. 1900-1942) such as John Warren Davis, President of West Virginia State College (located in box 100, folder 5);","transcript of the Virginia Court of Appeals decision regarding a challenge to a deceased slave-owner's Will (The Will declared his slaves were to be allowed to choose either freedom or to remain enslaved to a new master. The court ruled against the last request of the deceased and in favor of the executor of the Will, claiming the African-Americans were not capable of making such a decision and therefore were to stay in bondage.) (located in box 100, folder 8).","Includes records related to publication of \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\". Includes correspondence, narratives, research reports, and forms collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff. Correspondence is between federal and state offices of the Writers Program, government officials, local chambers of commerce, national and state publications and newspapers, prominent historian Dr. Roy Bird Cook (located in box 104, folder 6), and West Virginia University professors such as Louis Chappell and Maurice Brooks, among others (located in box 104, folders 1-5). Several of the narratives are in a traveling tour format, recording directions, locations, and information pertaining to points of interest throughout the state. There are also drafts, final manuscripts, and galleys for \"A Guide to the Mountain State\". Also includes magazine articles, newspaper clippings, statistics, chemical analyses, photographs, manuscripts, and illustrations related to publication of the \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\".","Additional administrative records for the Writers' Program in West Virginia can be found in A\u0026M 527, West Virginia University, WPA Writers Project, Records, at this repository.","Notable items in the Writers' Project series include:","information pertaining to mineral springs such as White Sulphur Springs, Salt Springs, Capon Springs, and Old Sweet Springs, among others (located in box 103, folder 4);","historical narratives regarding the first telephone service in West Virginia, and the introduction of the first night-train travel service by Henry G. Davis (both items located in box 103, folder 9);","transcripts of correspondence (1747-1754) between The Board of Trade and Plantations and the Royal Governors of the Colony Of Virginia regarding French encroachment and Indian attacks in the English colony's territory, including a 1754 letter from Governor Dinwiddie reporting \"Mr. Washington's\" observations during his recent expedition to the western Virginia territory (located in box 104, folder 9);","transcripts of excerpts from the 1743-1748 journals of Moravian missionaries Leonard Schnell, Robert Hussey, Matthias Gottschalk, Joseph Spangenberg, and Matthew Reutz during their travels through northwestern Virginia (Patterson Creek and South Branch) down the Shenandoah Valley to Georgia, recording their observations of the wilderness and reactions to their ministries (located in box 104, folder 11);","transcript of a proclamation from Virginia's Royal Lt. Governor Gooch, warning settlers that \"... Itinerant Preachers have...crept into this Colony...those corrupters of our Faith and true religion to propagate their shocking doctrines...\" (located in box 104, folder 11).","Includes oversize material transferred from other record series. Includes: publications related to Greenbrier County and White Sulphur Springs transferred from box 22, folder 3."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_7db7750c7837e29de89890c5fd27d017\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_coll_ssim":["Writers' Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of West Virginia"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Federal Writers' Project","Writers' Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of West Virginia"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Federal Writers' Project","Writers' Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of West Virginia"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1214,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:39:45.499Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2501","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Writers' Program in West Virginia, Records regarding Mineral and Hampshire Counties and Other Material","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2501#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Writers' Program was a federal New Deal program (1935-1942) that employed jobless individuals with literary and writing skills for the purpose of researching and recording a broad assemblage of information regarding their states and local counties. This collection contains some of the records of the West Virginia division of the Program (the bulk of which are in A\u0026amp;M 454), including material regarding Mineral and Hampshire Counties, as well as Berkeley, Grant, Hardy, and Pendleton Counties. For additional detail, please consult the scope and content note.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2501#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2501","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2501","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2501","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2501","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_2501.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/196567","title_ssm":["Writers' Program in West Virginia, Records regarding Mineral and Hampshire Counties and Other Material"],"title_tesim":["Writers' Program in West Virginia, Records regarding Mineral and Hampshire Counties and Other Material"],"unitdate_ssm":["ca. 1820-1942","ca. 1935-1942"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["ca. 1935-1942"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["ca. 1820-1942"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 0183","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2501"],"text":["A\u0026M 0183","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2501","Writers' Program in West Virginia, Records regarding Mineral and Hampshire Counties and Other Material","Hampshire County (W. Va.)","Mineral County (W. Va.)","World War, 1914-1918 -- Mineral County (W. Va.) -- Soldiers","No special access restriction applies.","The Writers Project was created in 1935 as part of the Federal Works Progress Administration (WPA). Its purpose was to provide employment for historians, teachers, librarians, writers, and others with qualified skills. The field of assignment for those hired was usually confined to the locality of a writer's residence, although some assignments were for statewide subjects.","The objective of the project was to produce a series of sectional guide books under the name \"The American Guide\" focusing on the history, geography, and cultural and economic resources of the United States. Other topics of interest developed, however, and were added to the Project, such as urban and rural folklore, first person narratives or life histories, studies of the cultures of ethnic groups, and authentic narratives of ex-slaves.","The Writers Project became a casualty of World War II. The monies needed to meet the demands for defense were drained from the Writers Project, ending the program in 1942.","183, 454","The Writers' Program was a federal New Deal program (1935-1942) that employed jobless individuals with literary and writing skills for the purpose of researching and recording a broad assemblage of information regarding their states and local counties. This collection contains some of the records of the West Virginia division of the Program (the bulk of which are in A\u0026M 454), including material regarding Mineral and Hamphshire Counties, as well as Berkeley, Grant, Hardy, and Pendleton Counties.","There are some original manuscripts, including militia commissions signed by the Governor of Virginia (1820s-1830s), and some land records (3 documents from the 1820s) (folders 1a and 1b).","Mostly, however, there are typescript narratives and transcriptions, and newspaper clippings, regarding the history of these counties (ca. 1820-1940). The range of topics is diverse, including:","listings of Mineral County residents who were draftees, casualties, or decorated in World War I (folder 2),","cemetery records for the Williams family (folder 2);","brief history of Capon Springs (folder 2);","marriage records (folder 2);","list of Revolutionary War soldiers (folder 3);","list of Confederate companies from Hampshire County (folder 3);","list of post-offices and postmasters of Hampshire County (1832) (folder 3);","list of Confederate veterans, Camp 1046 (folder 4);","roster of McNeill's Rangers, typescript (folder 12);","memorial address regarding Camp Chase, Ohio (1929) (folder 14);","and a historical narrative by Professor J.C. Sanders regarding the Whiskey Rebellion (folder 15).","There are a few biographies of prominent individuals scattered throughout.","There is also a photograph of the first train through Moorefield, Hardy County (1910 May 9) (folder 12); and a photograph of Howard's Lick Hotel (ca. 1900-1910) (folder 12).","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","The Writers' Program was a federal New Deal program (1935-1942) that employed jobless individuals with literary and writing skills for the purpose of researching and recording a broad assemblage of information regarding their states and local counties. This collection contains some of the records of the West Virginia division of the Program (the bulk of which are in A\u0026M 454), including material regarding Mineral and Hampshire Counties, as well as Berkeley, Grant, Hardy, and Pendleton Counties. For additional detail, please consult the scope and content note.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 0183","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2501"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Writers' Program in West Virginia, Records regarding Mineral and Hampshire Counties and Other Material"],"collection_title_tesim":["Writers' Program in West Virginia, Records regarding Mineral and Hampshire Counties and Other Material"],"collection_ssim":["Writers' Program in West Virginia, Records regarding Mineral and Hampshire Counties and Other Material"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Hampshire County (W. Va.)","Mineral County (W. Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Hampshire County (W. Va.)","Mineral County (W. Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Hampshire County (W. Va.)","Mineral County (W. Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["World War, 1914-1918 -- Mineral County (W. Va.) -- Soldiers"],"access_subjects_ssm":["World War, 1914-1918 -- Mineral County (W. Va.) -- Soldiers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.56 Linear Feet Summary: 6 3/4 in. (1 document case, 5 in.); (1 reel of microfilm, 1.75 in.)"],"extent_tesim":["0.56 Linear Feet Summary: 6 3/4 in. (1 document case, 5 in.); (1 reel of microfilm, 1.75 in.)"],"date_range_isim":[1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Writers Project was created in 1935 as part of the Federal Works Progress Administration (WPA). Its purpose was to provide employment for historians, teachers, librarians, writers, and others with qualified skills. The field of assignment for those hired was usually confined to the locality of a writer's residence, although some assignments were for statewide subjects.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe objective of the project was to produce a series of sectional guide books under the name \"The American Guide\" focusing on the history, geography, and cultural and economic resources of the United States. Other topics of interest developed, however, and were added to the Project, such as urban and rural folklore, first person narratives or life histories, studies of the cultures of ethnic groups, and authentic narratives of ex-slaves.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Writers Project became a casualty of World War II. The monies needed to meet the demands for defense were drained from the Writers Project, ending the program in 1942.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Writers Project was created in 1935 as part of the Federal Works Progress Administration (WPA). Its purpose was to provide employment for historians, teachers, librarians, writers, and others with qualified skills. The field of assignment for those hired was usually confined to the locality of a writer's residence, although some assignments were for statewide subjects.","The objective of the project was to produce a series of sectional guide books under the name \"The American Guide\" focusing on the history, geography, and cultural and economic resources of the United States. Other topics of interest developed, however, and were added to the Project, such as urban and rural folklore, first person narratives or life histories, studies of the cultures of ethnic groups, and authentic narratives of ex-slaves.","The Writers Project became a casualty of World War II. The monies needed to meet the demands for defense were drained from the Writers Project, ending the program in 1942."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Writers' Program in West Virginia, Records regarding Mineral and Hampshire Counties and Other Material, A\u0026amp;M 0183, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Writers' Program in West Virginia, Records regarding Mineral and Hampshire Counties and Other Material, A\u0026M 0183, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e183, 454\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related A\u0026M Collections"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["183, 454"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Writers' Program was a federal New Deal program (1935-1942) that employed jobless individuals with literary and writing skills for the purpose of researching and recording a broad assemblage of information regarding their states and local counties. This collection contains some of the records of the West Virginia division of the Program (the bulk of which are in A\u0026amp;M 454), including material regarding Mineral and Hamphshire Counties, as well as Berkeley, Grant, Hardy, and Pendleton Counties.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere are some original manuscripts, including militia commissions signed by the Governor of Virginia (1820s-1830s), and some land records (3 documents from the 1820s) (folders 1a and 1b).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMostly, however, there are typescript narratives and transcriptions, and newspaper clippings, regarding the history of these counties (ca. 1820-1940). The range of topics is diverse, including:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003elistings of Mineral County residents who were draftees, casualties, or decorated in World War I (folder 2),\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ecemetery records for the Williams family (folder 2);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ebrief history of Capon Springs (folder 2);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003emarriage records (folder 2);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003elist of Revolutionary War soldiers (folder 3);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003elist of Confederate companies from Hampshire County (folder 3);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003elist of post-offices and postmasters of Hampshire County (1832) (folder 3);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003elist of Confederate veterans, Camp 1046 (folder 4);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eroster of McNeill's Rangers, typescript (folder 12);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ememorial address regarding Camp Chase, Ohio (1929) (folder 14);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eand a historical narrative by Professor J.C. Sanders regarding the Whiskey Rebellion (folder 15).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere are a few biographies of prominent individuals scattered throughout.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere is also a photograph of the first train through Moorefield, Hardy County (1910 May 9) (folder 12); and a photograph of Howard's Lick Hotel (ca. 1900-1910) (folder 12).\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Writers' Program was a federal New Deal program (1935-1942) that employed jobless individuals with literary and writing skills for the purpose of researching and recording a broad assemblage of information regarding their states and local counties. This collection contains some of the records of the West Virginia division of the Program (the bulk of which are in A\u0026M 454), including material regarding Mineral and Hamphshire Counties, as well as Berkeley, Grant, Hardy, and Pendleton Counties.","There are some original manuscripts, including militia commissions signed by the Governor of Virginia (1820s-1830s), and some land records (3 documents from the 1820s) (folders 1a and 1b).","Mostly, however, there are typescript narratives and transcriptions, and newspaper clippings, regarding the history of these counties (ca. 1820-1940). The range of topics is diverse, including:","listings of Mineral County residents who were draftees, casualties, or decorated in World War I (folder 2),","cemetery records for the Williams family (folder 2);","brief history of Capon Springs (folder 2);","marriage records (folder 2);","list of Revolutionary War soldiers (folder 3);","list of Confederate companies from Hampshire County (folder 3);","list of post-offices and postmasters of Hampshire County (1832) (folder 3);","list of Confederate veterans, Camp 1046 (folder 4);","roster of McNeill's Rangers, typescript (folder 12);","memorial address regarding Camp Chase, Ohio (1929) (folder 14);","and a historical narrative by Professor J.C. Sanders regarding the Whiskey Rebellion (folder 15).","There are a few biographies of prominent individuals scattered throughout.","There is also a photograph of the first train through Moorefield, Hardy County (1910 May 9) (folder 12); and a photograph of Howard's Lick Hotel (ca. 1900-1910) (folder 12)."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_bd1f921bf8341d9b154c4679448adc76\"\u003eThe Writers' Program was a federal New Deal program (1935-1942) that employed jobless individuals with literary and writing skills for the purpose of researching and recording a broad assemblage of information regarding their states and local counties. This collection contains some of the records of the West Virginia division of the Program (the bulk of which are in A\u0026amp;M 454), including material regarding Mineral and Hampshire Counties, as well as Berkeley, Grant, Hardy, and Pendleton Counties. For additional detail, please consult the scope and content note.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Writers' Program was a federal New Deal program (1935-1942) that employed jobless individuals with literary and writing skills for the purpose of researching and recording a broad assemblage of information regarding their states and local counties. This collection contains some of the records of the West Virginia division of the Program (the bulk of which are in A\u0026M 454), including material regarding Mineral and Hampshire Counties, as well as Berkeley, Grant, Hardy, and Pendleton Counties. For additional detail, please consult the scope and content note."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_420884758179407a7e61f94276833882\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":16,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T01:08:36.376Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2501","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2501","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2501","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2501","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_2501.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/196567","title_ssm":["Writers' Program in West Virginia, Records regarding Mineral and Hampshire Counties and Other Material"],"title_tesim":["Writers' Program in West Virginia, Records regarding Mineral and Hampshire Counties and Other Material"],"unitdate_ssm":["ca. 1820-1942","ca. 1935-1942"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["ca. 1935-1942"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["ca. 1820-1942"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 0183","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2501"],"text":["A\u0026M 0183","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2501","Writers' Program in West Virginia, Records regarding Mineral and Hampshire Counties and Other Material","Hampshire County (W. Va.)","Mineral County (W. Va.)","World War, 1914-1918 -- Mineral County (W. Va.) -- Soldiers","No special access restriction applies.","The Writers Project was created in 1935 as part of the Federal Works Progress Administration (WPA). Its purpose was to provide employment for historians, teachers, librarians, writers, and others with qualified skills. The field of assignment for those hired was usually confined to the locality of a writer's residence, although some assignments were for statewide subjects.","The objective of the project was to produce a series of sectional guide books under the name \"The American Guide\" focusing on the history, geography, and cultural and economic resources of the United States. Other topics of interest developed, however, and were added to the Project, such as urban and rural folklore, first person narratives or life histories, studies of the cultures of ethnic groups, and authentic narratives of ex-slaves.","The Writers Project became a casualty of World War II. The monies needed to meet the demands for defense were drained from the Writers Project, ending the program in 1942.","183, 454","The Writers' Program was a federal New Deal program (1935-1942) that employed jobless individuals with literary and writing skills for the purpose of researching and recording a broad assemblage of information regarding their states and local counties. This collection contains some of the records of the West Virginia division of the Program (the bulk of which are in A\u0026M 454), including material regarding Mineral and Hamphshire Counties, as well as Berkeley, Grant, Hardy, and Pendleton Counties.","There are some original manuscripts, including militia commissions signed by the Governor of Virginia (1820s-1830s), and some land records (3 documents from the 1820s) (folders 1a and 1b).","Mostly, however, there are typescript narratives and transcriptions, and newspaper clippings, regarding the history of these counties (ca. 1820-1940). The range of topics is diverse, including:","listings of Mineral County residents who were draftees, casualties, or decorated in World War I (folder 2),","cemetery records for the Williams family (folder 2);","brief history of Capon Springs (folder 2);","marriage records (folder 2);","list of Revolutionary War soldiers (folder 3);","list of Confederate companies from Hampshire County (folder 3);","list of post-offices and postmasters of Hampshire County (1832) (folder 3);","list of Confederate veterans, Camp 1046 (folder 4);","roster of McNeill's Rangers, typescript (folder 12);","memorial address regarding Camp Chase, Ohio (1929) (folder 14);","and a historical narrative by Professor J.C. Sanders regarding the Whiskey Rebellion (folder 15).","There are a few biographies of prominent individuals scattered throughout.","There is also a photograph of the first train through Moorefield, Hardy County (1910 May 9) (folder 12); and a photograph of Howard's Lick Hotel (ca. 1900-1910) (folder 12).","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","The Writers' Program was a federal New Deal program (1935-1942) that employed jobless individuals with literary and writing skills for the purpose of researching and recording a broad assemblage of information regarding their states and local counties. This collection contains some of the records of the West Virginia division of the Program (the bulk of which are in A\u0026M 454), including material regarding Mineral and Hampshire Counties, as well as Berkeley, Grant, Hardy, and Pendleton Counties. For additional detail, please consult the scope and content note.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 0183","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2501"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Writers' Program in West Virginia, Records regarding Mineral and Hampshire Counties and Other Material"],"collection_title_tesim":["Writers' Program in West Virginia, Records regarding Mineral and Hampshire Counties and Other Material"],"collection_ssim":["Writers' Program in West Virginia, Records regarding Mineral and Hampshire Counties and Other Material"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Hampshire County (W. Va.)","Mineral County (W. Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Hampshire County (W. Va.)","Mineral County (W. Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Hampshire County (W. Va.)","Mineral County (W. Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["World War, 1914-1918 -- Mineral County (W. Va.) -- Soldiers"],"access_subjects_ssm":["World War, 1914-1918 -- Mineral County (W. Va.) -- Soldiers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.56 Linear Feet Summary: 6 3/4 in. (1 document case, 5 in.); (1 reel of microfilm, 1.75 in.)"],"extent_tesim":["0.56 Linear Feet Summary: 6 3/4 in. (1 document case, 5 in.); (1 reel of microfilm, 1.75 in.)"],"date_range_isim":[1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Writers Project was created in 1935 as part of the Federal Works Progress Administration (WPA). Its purpose was to provide employment for historians, teachers, librarians, writers, and others with qualified skills. The field of assignment for those hired was usually confined to the locality of a writer's residence, although some assignments were for statewide subjects.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe objective of the project was to produce a series of sectional guide books under the name \"The American Guide\" focusing on the history, geography, and cultural and economic resources of the United States. Other topics of interest developed, however, and were added to the Project, such as urban and rural folklore, first person narratives or life histories, studies of the cultures of ethnic groups, and authentic narratives of ex-slaves.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Writers Project became a casualty of World War II. The monies needed to meet the demands for defense were drained from the Writers Project, ending the program in 1942.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Writers Project was created in 1935 as part of the Federal Works Progress Administration (WPA). Its purpose was to provide employment for historians, teachers, librarians, writers, and others with qualified skills. The field of assignment for those hired was usually confined to the locality of a writer's residence, although some assignments were for statewide subjects.","The objective of the project was to produce a series of sectional guide books under the name \"The American Guide\" focusing on the history, geography, and cultural and economic resources of the United States. Other topics of interest developed, however, and were added to the Project, such as urban and rural folklore, first person narratives or life histories, studies of the cultures of ethnic groups, and authentic narratives of ex-slaves.","The Writers Project became a casualty of World War II. The monies needed to meet the demands for defense were drained from the Writers Project, ending the program in 1942."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Writers' Program in West Virginia, Records regarding Mineral and Hampshire Counties and Other Material, A\u0026amp;M 0183, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Writers' Program in West Virginia, Records regarding Mineral and Hampshire Counties and Other Material, A\u0026M 0183, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e183, 454\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related A\u0026M Collections"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["183, 454"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Writers' Program was a federal New Deal program (1935-1942) that employed jobless individuals with literary and writing skills for the purpose of researching and recording a broad assemblage of information regarding their states and local counties. This collection contains some of the records of the West Virginia division of the Program (the bulk of which are in A\u0026amp;M 454), including material regarding Mineral and Hamphshire Counties, as well as Berkeley, Grant, Hardy, and Pendleton Counties.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere are some original manuscripts, including militia commissions signed by the Governor of Virginia (1820s-1830s), and some land records (3 documents from the 1820s) (folders 1a and 1b).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMostly, however, there are typescript narratives and transcriptions, and newspaper clippings, regarding the history of these counties (ca. 1820-1940). The range of topics is diverse, including:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003elistings of Mineral County residents who were draftees, casualties, or decorated in World War I (folder 2),\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ecemetery records for the Williams family (folder 2);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ebrief history of Capon Springs (folder 2);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003emarriage records (folder 2);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003elist of Revolutionary War soldiers (folder 3);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003elist of Confederate companies from Hampshire County (folder 3);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003elist of post-offices and postmasters of Hampshire County (1832) (folder 3);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003elist of Confederate veterans, Camp 1046 (folder 4);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eroster of McNeill's Rangers, typescript (folder 12);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ememorial address regarding Camp Chase, Ohio (1929) (folder 14);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eand a historical narrative by Professor J.C. Sanders regarding the Whiskey Rebellion (folder 15).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere are a few biographies of prominent individuals scattered throughout.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere is also a photograph of the first train through Moorefield, Hardy County (1910 May 9) (folder 12); and a photograph of Howard's Lick Hotel (ca. 1900-1910) (folder 12).\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Writers' Program was a federal New Deal program (1935-1942) that employed jobless individuals with literary and writing skills for the purpose of researching and recording a broad assemblage of information regarding their states and local counties. This collection contains some of the records of the West Virginia division of the Program (the bulk of which are in A\u0026M 454), including material regarding Mineral and Hamphshire Counties, as well as Berkeley, Grant, Hardy, and Pendleton Counties.","There are some original manuscripts, including militia commissions signed by the Governor of Virginia (1820s-1830s), and some land records (3 documents from the 1820s) (folders 1a and 1b).","Mostly, however, there are typescript narratives and transcriptions, and newspaper clippings, regarding the history of these counties (ca. 1820-1940). The range of topics is diverse, including:","listings of Mineral County residents who were draftees, casualties, or decorated in World War I (folder 2),","cemetery records for the Williams family (folder 2);","brief history of Capon Springs (folder 2);","marriage records (folder 2);","list of Revolutionary War soldiers (folder 3);","list of Confederate companies from Hampshire County (folder 3);","list of post-offices and postmasters of Hampshire County (1832) (folder 3);","list of Confederate veterans, Camp 1046 (folder 4);","roster of McNeill's Rangers, typescript (folder 12);","memorial address regarding Camp Chase, Ohio (1929) (folder 14);","and a historical narrative by Professor J.C. Sanders regarding the Whiskey Rebellion (folder 15).","There are a few biographies of prominent individuals scattered throughout.","There is also a photograph of the first train through Moorefield, Hardy County (1910 May 9) (folder 12); and a photograph of Howard's Lick Hotel (ca. 1900-1910) (folder 12)."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_bd1f921bf8341d9b154c4679448adc76\"\u003eThe Writers' Program was a federal New Deal program (1935-1942) that employed jobless individuals with literary and writing skills for the purpose of researching and recording a broad assemblage of information regarding their states and local counties. This collection contains some of the records of the West Virginia division of the Program (the bulk of which are in A\u0026amp;M 454), including material regarding Mineral and Hampshire Counties, as well as Berkeley, Grant, Hardy, and Pendleton Counties. For additional detail, please consult the scope and content note.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Writers' Program was a federal New Deal program (1935-1942) that employed jobless individuals with literary and writing skills for the purpose of researching and recording a broad assemblage of information regarding their states and local counties. This collection contains some of the records of the West Virginia division of the Program (the bulk of which are in A\u0026M 454), including material regarding Mineral and Hampshire Counties, as well as Berkeley, Grant, Hardy, and Pendleton Counties. For additional detail, please consult the scope and content note."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_420884758179407a7e61f94276833882\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":16,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T01:08:36.376Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2501"}},{"id":"viur_repositories_4_resources_36_c03_c02","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"Writing","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viur_repositories_4_resources_36_c03_c02#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eSubseries 3.2, Writing, contains primarily materials written by Stein, often inscribed to Van Vechten and/or Lutz. Of particular note is Box 6, File 16, which contains a copy of the privately printed \u003cspan\u003ePortrait of Mabel Dodge at the Villa Curonia\u003c/span\u003e, which was bound with wallpaper and published in Italy, inscribed to Lutz.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viur_repositories_4_resources_36_c03_c02#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viur_repositories_4_resources_36_c03_c02","ref_ssm":["viur_repositories_4_resources_36_c03_c02"],"id":"viur_repositories_4_resources_36_c03_c02","ead_ssi":"viur_repositories_4_resources_36","_root_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_36","_nest_parent_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_36_c03","parent_ssi":"viur_repositories_4_resources_36_c03","parent_ssim":["viur_repositories_4_resources_36","viur_repositories_4_resources_36_c03"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viur_repositories_4_resources_36","viur_repositories_4_resources_36_c03"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Carl Van Vechten - Mark Lutz Collection","Gertrude Stein"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Carl Van Vechten - Mark Lutz Collection","Gertrude Stein"],"text":["Carl Van Vechten - Mark Lutz Collection","Gertrude Stein","Writing","Stein's published books from the collection have been added into the Rare Book Room collection.","Subseries 3.2, Writing, contains primarily materials written by Stein, often inscribed to Van Vechten and/or Lutz. Of particular note is Box 6, File 16, which contains a copy of the privately printed  Portrait of Mabel Dodge at the Villa Curonia , which was bound with wallpaper and published in Italy, inscribed to Lutz."],"title_filing_ssi":"Writing","title_ssm":["Writing"],"title_tesim":["Writing"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1912-1963"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1912/1963"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Writing"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["University of Richmond"],"collection_ssim":["Carl Van Vechten - Mark Lutz Collection"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":26,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":209,"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Copyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright.  Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.","Restrictions on Photographs: Photographs by Carl Van Vechten are used only with permission of the Van Vechten Trust, and it is the researcher's responsibility to request that permission. The permission of the Trust is required prior to any reprint or use of Van Vechten photographs in any way, including publication. To contact the Trust, email VanVechtenTrust@gmail.com."],"date_range_isim":[1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eStein's published books from the collection have been added into the Rare Book Room collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Stein's published books from the collection have been added into the Rare Book Room collection."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSubseries 3.2, Writing, contains primarily materials written by Stein, often inscribed to Van Vechten and/or Lutz. Of particular note is Box 6, File 16, which contains a copy of the privately printed \u003ctitle\u003ePortrait of Mabel Dodge at the Villa Curonia\u003c/title\u003e, which was bound with wallpaper and published in Italy, inscribed to Lutz.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Subseries 3.2, Writing, contains primarily materials written by Stein, often inscribed to Van Vechten and/or Lutz. Of particular note is Box 6, File 16, which contains a copy of the privately printed  Portrait of Mabel Dodge at the Villa Curonia , which was bound with wallpaper and published in Italy, inscribed to Lutz."],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#1","timestamp":"2026-05-24T23:34:48.475Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viur_repositories_4_resources_36","ead_ssi":"viur_repositories_4_resources_36","_root_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_36","_nest_parent_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_36","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/RICH/repositories_4_resources_36.xml","title_ssm":["Carl Van Vechten - Mark Lutz Collection"],"title_tesim":["Carl Van Vechten - Mark Lutz Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1881-1980"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1881-1980"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS-1","/repositories/4/resources/36"],"text":["MS-1","/repositories/4/resources/36","Carl Van Vechten - Mark Lutz Collection","Catalogs","Personal correspondence","Photographs","Clippings","Signed copy of the book is cataloged in Rare Book Room collection.","","Subseries 2.1: Personal  Professional Materials Subseries 2.2: Correspondence Subseries 2.3: Programs Subseries 2.4: Francis Earle Lutz","Subseries 3.1: Personal Subseries 3.2: Writing Subseries 3.3: Articles about Gertrude Stein Subseries 3.4: Exhibits Subseries 3.5: Newspaper Clippings Subseries 3.6: Playbills","Subseries 4.1: Carl Van Vechten, Personal Subseries 4.2: New York Apartment Subseries 4.3: Photographs by Carl Van Vechten Subseries 4.4: Other Photographs Subseries 4.5: Photographs of Gertrude Stein  Alice B. Toklas Subseries 4.6: Photographs of Mark Lutz Subseries 4.7: Oversize Photographs Subseries 4.8: Photographs of art depicting St. Christopher  St. Barbara","Carl Van Vechten was born in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, on June 17, 1880, the son of Charles Duane Van Vechten and Ada Amanda Fitch. After leaving Iowa to attend college at the University of Chicago, Van Vechten moved to New York in 1906 where he worked as a noted music, drama, art, and cultural critic throughout his life. He was also highly interested in promoting the literary arts as well as authoring numerous works himself. In addition to his own literary work, Van Vechten supported a number of authors and artists, especially those affiliated with the Harlem Renaissance, as well as befriending Gertrude Stein. In his later years, Van Vechten also became a noted portrait photographer. He married Anna Elizabeth Snyder in 1907, but the couple divorced in 1912.  He later married Russian actress, Fania Marinoff, in 1914. Van Vechten passed away in New York in 1964. Numerous biographies and specialized studies are available in the library for further research.","Mark Lutz was born in Glassborough, New Jersey, in 1901, but moved with his family to Richmond the next year when his father became the editor of the  Richmond News Leader . Lutz attended the University of Richmond, graduating in 1926 before following his father into the business of journalism. Lutz worked for both the  Richmond News Leader  and the  Times-Dispatch  as a book reviewer and theater critic. He met Van Vechten through a friend in the early 1930s and remained lifelong friends. Lutz eventually moved to the Germantown area of Philadelphia, working for the  Philco News  and other industrial publications. Lutz passed away in Philadelphia in 1969. Upon his death, per his request, the letters between Lutz and Van Vechten were destroyed.","Donated by Mark Lutz, William Jepson, and Bruce Kellner at various times between 1978 and 1992.","The photographs in Subseries IVH contain depictions of St. Christopher and St. Barbara in various locations, primarily in Spain. To respect the cultural and linguistic diversity of the region, the co-official local languages have been used to reference the names of towns, cities, and other places (including museums and churches). Languages included are: Catalan and  Valencian.","A number of institutions hold manuscript or photograph collections of Van Vechten materials.  Those institutions include: the New York Public Library, the Beinecke Rare Book  Manuscript Library of Yale University, Brandeis University, Millersville University, Marquette University, and the Library of Congress.","Several of Earle Lutz's published words are available in the Rare Book Room Collection.","Stein's published books from the collection have been added into the Rare Book Room collection.","This collection contains a diverse array of materials that reflect the personal and professional lives of Mark Lutz, Carl Van Vechten, and their connections with key cultural figures. The materials include typescripts, letters, newspaper clippings, exhibition catalogs, and programs, providing insights into their careers and relationships. Photographs feature prominently, with portraits taken by Van Vechten of notable figures like Gertrude Stein and Alice B. Toklas, as well as images of Van Vechten and Lutz. The collection also includes manuscripts, playbills, writings by Stein, and other documents related to their artistic and literary circles.","Series 1, Carl Van Vechten, contains personal materials in relation to Van Vechten. Beginning with a typescript manuscript of a description of a theater fire in Chicago in 1903, these materials include notices, programs, letters, newspaper clippings, and exhibition catalogs and announcements. Also included are writings by Van Vechten.","Series 2, Mark Lutz, contains information about Lutz's career and works as well as that of Van Vechten.","Subseries 2.1, Personal and Professional Materials, track Lutz's career as a journalist as well as manuscript copies of several plays.","Subseries 2.2, Correspondence, contains a variety of letters between Lutz and several correspondents, including fellow Richmonders James Branch Cabell and Ellen Glasgow as well as Langston Hughes.","Subseries 2.3, Programs, contains performance programs from an array of performances Lutz and Van Vechten attended in New York and Richmond.","Subseries 2.4, Francis Earle Lutz, contains materials about Lutz's brother, also a noted author and veteran.","Series 3, Gertrude Stein, contains materials related to the relationship between Lutz, Van Vechten, Alice B. Toklas, and Gertrude Stein.","Subseries 3.1, Personal, contains items of a personal nature, including correspondence and a canceled check.","Subseries 3.2, Writing, contains primarily materials written by Stein, often inscribed to Van Vechten and/or Lutz. Of particular note is Box 6, File 16, which contains a copy of the privately printed  Portrait of Mabel Dodge at the Villa Curonia , which was bound with wallpaper and published in Italy, inscribed to Lutz.","Subseries 3.3 contains articles written about Gertrude Stein, including reviews, biographical pieces, and more general informational write-ups.","Subseries 3.4, Exhibits, is a series of catalogs and programs written by Stein for various exhibits.","Subseries 3.5 contains newspaper clippings about Stein and especially her travels in the United States in the mid-1930s.","Subseries 3.6, Playbills, contains collected examples of playbills for various productions of Stein-authored works.","Series 4, Photographs, contains the visual and photographic materials of the collection.","Subseries 4.1 contains personal photographs of Van Vechten, his wife Fania Marinoff, and images of Van Vechten with acquaintances or depicted in art forms.","Subseries 4.2 contains images of the New York apartment which was home to Van Vechten and Marinoff during the 1930s, located at 150 W. 55th Street in New York City.","Subseries 4.3 contains photographs taken by Carl Van Vetchen, which are nearly all photographic portraits.","Subseries 4.4 contains a few photographs that were for promotion or of art pieces.","Subseries 4.5 contains Van Vechten's photographs of Gertrude Stein and Alice B. Toklas, perhaps some of the best-known items in the collection.","Subseries 4.6 contains Van Vechten's many photographic studies of Mark Lutz in various positions, costumes, locations, and sizes.","Subseries 4.7 contains oversize photographs by Van Vechten, including photos of Stein and Toklas as well as other artistic figures of the 1930s.","Subseries 4.8 contains many photographs and cards of art depicting images of St. Christopher and St. Barbara that were most likely used to research Stein and Lutz's writings about saints.","Books written or collected by Carl Van Vechten or Mark Lutz, including Gertrude Stein books, have been separated from the manuscript collection and cataloged into the Rare Book Room collection. All of these materials may be located via the library catalog by searching \"Mark Lutz Collection\".","Contains blurb by Carl Van Vechten.","Copyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright.  Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.","Restrictions on Photographs: Photographs by Carl Van Vechten are used only with permission of the Van Vechten Trust, and it is the researcher's responsibility to request that permission. The permission of the Trust is required prior to any reprint or use of Van Vechten photographs in any way, including publication. To contact the Trust, email VanVechtenTrust@gmail.com.","This collection contains materials relating to the life and writings of Carl Van Vechten and Gertrude Stein as shared and collected by Mark Lutz. Materials include correspondence and a variety of printed materials including programs, catalogs, reviews, and clippings as well as a substantial number of photographs taken by Van Vechten.","University of Richmond ","Van Vechten, Carl, 1880-1964","Lutz, Mark, 1901-1969","Stein, Gertrude, 1874-1946","Toklas, Alice B.","English French Catalan; Valencian Spanish; Castilian"],"unitid_tesim":["MS-1","/repositories/4/resources/36"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Carl Van Vechten - Mark Lutz Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Carl Van Vechten - Mark Lutz Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Carl Van Vechten - Mark Lutz Collection"],"repository_ssm":["University of Richmond"],"repository_ssim":["University of Richmond"],"creator_ssm":["Van Vechten, Carl, 1880-1964","Lutz, Mark, 1901-1969","Stein, Gertrude, 1874-1946","Toklas, Alice B."],"creator_ssim":["Van Vechten, Carl, 1880-1964","Lutz, Mark, 1901-1969","Stein, Gertrude, 1874-1946","Toklas, Alice B."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Van Vechten, Carl, 1880-1964","Lutz, Mark, 1901-1969","Stein, Gertrude, 1874-1946","Toklas, Alice B."],"creators_ssim":["Van Vechten, Carl, 1880-1964","Lutz, Mark, 1901-1969","Stein, Gertrude, 1874-1946","Toklas, Alice B."],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright.  Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.","Restrictions on Photographs: Photographs by Carl Van Vechten are used only with permission of the Van Vechten Trust, and it is the researcher's responsibility to request that permission. The permission of the Trust is required prior to any reprint or use of Van Vechten photographs in any way, including publication. To contact the Trust, email VanVechtenTrust@gmail.com."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Catalogs","Personal correspondence","Photographs","Clippings"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Catalogs","Personal correspondence","Photographs","Clippings"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["18 Linear Feet 15 archival boxes, 1 oversized archival box."],"extent_tesim":["18 Linear Feet 15 archival boxes, 1 oversized archival box."],"physfacet_tesim":["Primarily photographs and manuscript material."],"genreform_ssim":["Personal correspondence","Photographs","Clippings"],"date_range_isim":[1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSigned copy of the book is cataloged in Rare Book Room collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["Signed copy of the book is cataloged in Rare Book Room collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cbr\u003e","\u003cul\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries 2.1: Personal  Professional Materials\u003c/li\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries 2.2: Correspondence\u003c/li\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries 2.3: Programs\u003c/li\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries 2.4: Francis Earle Lutz\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e","\u003cul\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries 3.1: Personal\u003c/li\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries 3.2: Writing\u003c/li\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries 3.3: Articles about Gertrude Stein\u003c/li\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries 3.4: Exhibits\u003c/li\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries 3.5: Newspaper Clippings\u003c/li\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries 3.6: Playbills\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e","\u003cul\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries 4.1: Carl Van Vechten, Personal\u003c/li\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries 4.2: New York Apartment\u003c/li\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries 4.3: Photographs by Carl Van Vechten\u003c/li\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries 4.4: Other Photographs\u003c/li\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries 4.5: Photographs of Gertrude Stein  Alice B. Toklas\u003c/li\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries 4.6: Photographs of Mark Lutz\u003c/li\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries 4.7: Oversize Photographs\u003c/li\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries 4.8: Photographs of art depicting St. Christopher  St. Barbara\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["","Subseries 2.1: Personal  Professional Materials Subseries 2.2: Correspondence Subseries 2.3: Programs Subseries 2.4: Francis Earle Lutz","Subseries 3.1: Personal Subseries 3.2: Writing Subseries 3.3: Articles about Gertrude Stein Subseries 3.4: Exhibits Subseries 3.5: Newspaper Clippings Subseries 3.6: Playbills","Subseries 4.1: Carl Van Vechten, Personal Subseries 4.2: New York Apartment Subseries 4.3: Photographs by Carl Van Vechten Subseries 4.4: Other Photographs Subseries 4.5: Photographs of Gertrude Stein  Alice B. Toklas Subseries 4.6: Photographs of Mark Lutz Subseries 4.7: Oversize Photographs Subseries 4.8: Photographs of art depicting St. Christopher  St. Barbara"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCarl Van Vechten was born in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, on June 17, 1880, the son of Charles Duane Van Vechten and Ada Amanda Fitch. After leaving Iowa to attend college at the University of Chicago, Van Vechten moved to New York in 1906 where he worked as a noted music, drama, art, and cultural critic throughout his life. He was also highly interested in promoting the literary arts as well as authoring numerous works himself. In addition to his own literary work, Van Vechten supported a number of authors and artists, especially those affiliated with the Harlem Renaissance, as well as befriending Gertrude Stein. In his later years, Van Vechten also became a noted portrait photographer. He married Anna Elizabeth Snyder in 1907, but the couple divorced in 1912.  He later married Russian actress, Fania Marinoff, in 1914. Van Vechten passed away in New York in 1964. Numerous biographies and specialized studies are available in the library for further research.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMark Lutz was born in Glassborough, New Jersey, in 1901, but moved with his family to Richmond the next year when his father became the editor of the \u003cemph render=\"italics\"\u003eRichmond News Leader\u003c/emph\u003e. Lutz attended the University of Richmond, graduating in 1926 before following his father into the business of journalism. Lutz worked for both the \u003cemph render=\"italics\"\u003eRichmond News Leader\u003c/emph\u003e and the \u003cemph render=\"italics\"\u003eTimes-Dispatch\u003c/emph\u003e as a book reviewer and theater critic. He met Van Vechten through a friend in the early 1930s and remained lifelong friends. Lutz eventually moved to the Germantown area of Philadelphia, working for the \u003cemph render=\"italics\"\u003ePhilco News\u003c/emph\u003e and other industrial publications. Lutz passed away in Philadelphia in 1969. Upon his death, per his request, the letters between Lutz and Van Vechten were destroyed.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Carl Van Vechten was born in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, on June 17, 1880, the son of Charles Duane Van Vechten and Ada Amanda Fitch. After leaving Iowa to attend college at the University of Chicago, Van Vechten moved to New York in 1906 where he worked as a noted music, drama, art, and cultural critic throughout his life. He was also highly interested in promoting the literary arts as well as authoring numerous works himself. In addition to his own literary work, Van Vechten supported a number of authors and artists, especially those affiliated with the Harlem Renaissance, as well as befriending Gertrude Stein. In his later years, Van Vechten also became a noted portrait photographer. He married Anna Elizabeth Snyder in 1907, but the couple divorced in 1912.  He later married Russian actress, Fania Marinoff, in 1914. Van Vechten passed away in New York in 1964. Numerous biographies and specialized studies are available in the library for further research.","Mark Lutz was born in Glassborough, New Jersey, in 1901, but moved with his family to Richmond the next year when his father became the editor of the  Richmond News Leader . Lutz attended the University of Richmond, graduating in 1926 before following his father into the business of journalism. Lutz worked for both the  Richmond News Leader  and the  Times-Dispatch  as a book reviewer and theater critic. He met Van Vechten through a friend in the early 1930s and remained lifelong friends. Lutz eventually moved to the Germantown area of Philadelphia, working for the  Philco News  and other industrial publications. Lutz passed away in Philadelphia in 1969. Upon his death, per his request, the letters between Lutz and Van Vechten were destroyed."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDonated by Mark Lutz, William Jepson, and Bruce Kellner at various times between 1978 and 1992.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["Donated by Mark Lutz, William Jepson, and Bruce Kellner at various times between 1978 and 1992."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Box Number, Folder Number], MS-1, Carl Van Vechten – Mark Lutz Collection, Book Arts, Archives,  Rare Books, Boatwright Memorial Library, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Box Number, Folder Number], MS-1, Carl Van Vechten – Mark Lutz Collection, Book Arts, Archives,  Rare Books, Boatwright Memorial Library, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe photographs in Subseries IVH contain depictions of St. Christopher and St. Barbara in various locations, primarily in Spain. To respect the cultural and linguistic diversity of the region, the co-official local languages have been used to reference the names of towns, cities, and other places (including museums and churches). Languages included are: Catalan and  Valencian.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The photographs in Subseries IVH contain depictions of St. Christopher and St. Barbara in various locations, primarily in Spain. To respect the cultural and linguistic diversity of the region, the co-official local languages have been used to reference the names of towns, cities, and other places (including museums and churches). Languages included are: Catalan and  Valencian."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA number of institutions hold manuscript or photograph collections of Van Vechten materials.  Those institutions include: the New York Public Library, the Beinecke Rare Book  Manuscript Library of Yale University, Brandeis University, Millersville University, Marquette University, and the Library of Congress.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeveral of Earle Lutz's published words are available in the Rare Book Room Collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStein's published books from the collection have been added into the Rare Book Room collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials","Related Materials","Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["A number of institutions hold manuscript or photograph collections of Van Vechten materials.  Those institutions include: the New York Public Library, the Beinecke Rare Book  Manuscript Library of Yale University, Brandeis University, Millersville University, Marquette University, and the Library of Congress.","Several of Earle Lutz's published words are available in the Rare Book Room Collection.","Stein's published books from the collection have been added into the Rare Book Room collection."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a diverse array of materials that reflect the personal and professional lives of Mark Lutz, Carl Van Vechten, and their connections with key cultural figures. The materials include typescripts, letters, newspaper clippings, exhibition catalogs, and programs, providing insights into their careers and relationships. Photographs feature prominently, with portraits taken by Van Vechten of notable figures like Gertrude Stein and Alice B. Toklas, as well as images of Van Vechten and Lutz. The collection also includes manuscripts, playbills, writings by Stein, and other documents related to their artistic and literary circles.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1, Carl Van Vechten, contains personal materials in relation to Van Vechten. Beginning with a typescript manuscript of a description of a theater fire in Chicago in 1903, these materials include notices, programs, letters, newspaper clippings, and exhibition catalogs and announcements. Also included are writings by Van Vechten.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2, Mark Lutz, contains information about Lutz's career and works as well as that of Van Vechten.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 2.1, Personal and Professional Materials, track Lutz's career as a journalist as well as manuscript copies of several plays.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 2.2, Correspondence, contains a variety of letters between Lutz and several correspondents, including fellow Richmonders James Branch Cabell and Ellen Glasgow as well as Langston Hughes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 2.3, Programs, contains performance programs from an array of performances Lutz and Van Vechten attended in New York and Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 2.4, Francis Earle Lutz, contains materials about Lutz's brother, also a noted author and veteran.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3, Gertrude Stein, contains materials related to the relationship between Lutz, Van Vechten, Alice B. Toklas, and Gertrude Stein.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 3.1, Personal, contains items of a personal nature, including correspondence and a canceled check.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 3.2, Writing, contains primarily materials written by Stein, often inscribed to Van Vechten and/or Lutz. Of particular note is Box 6, File 16, which contains a copy of the privately printed \u003ctitle\u003ePortrait of Mabel Dodge at the Villa Curonia\u003c/title\u003e, which was bound with wallpaper and published in Italy, inscribed to Lutz.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 3.3 contains articles written about Gertrude Stein, including reviews, biographical pieces, and more general informational write-ups.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 3.4, Exhibits, is a series of catalogs and programs written by Stein for various exhibits.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 3.5 contains newspaper clippings about Stein and especially her travels in the United States in the mid-1930s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 3.6, Playbills, contains collected examples of playbills for various productions of Stein-authored works.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4, Photographs, contains the visual and photographic materials of the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 4.1 contains personal photographs of Van Vechten, his wife Fania Marinoff, and images of Van Vechten with acquaintances or depicted in art forms.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 4.2 contains images of the New York apartment which was home to Van Vechten and Marinoff during the 1930s, located at 150 W. 55th Street in New York City.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 4.3 contains photographs taken by Carl Van Vetchen, which are nearly all photographic portraits.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 4.4 contains a few photographs that were for promotion or of art pieces.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 4.5 contains Van Vechten's photographs of Gertrude Stein and Alice B. Toklas, perhaps some of the best-known items in the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 4.6 contains Van Vechten's many photographic studies of Mark Lutz in various positions, costumes, locations, and sizes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 4.7 contains oversize photographs by Van Vechten, including photos of Stein and Toklas as well as other artistic figures of the 1930s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 4.8 contains many photographs and cards of art depicting images of St. Christopher and St. Barbara that were most likely used to research Stein and Lutz's writings about saints.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains a diverse array of materials that reflect the personal and professional lives of Mark Lutz, Carl Van Vechten, and their connections with key cultural figures. The materials include typescripts, letters, newspaper clippings, exhibition catalogs, and programs, providing insights into their careers and relationships. Photographs feature prominently, with portraits taken by Van Vechten of notable figures like Gertrude Stein and Alice B. Toklas, as well as images of Van Vechten and Lutz. The collection also includes manuscripts, playbills, writings by Stein, and other documents related to their artistic and literary circles.","Series 1, Carl Van Vechten, contains personal materials in relation to Van Vechten. Beginning with a typescript manuscript of a description of a theater fire in Chicago in 1903, these materials include notices, programs, letters, newspaper clippings, and exhibition catalogs and announcements. Also included are writings by Van Vechten.","Series 2, Mark Lutz, contains information about Lutz's career and works as well as that of Van Vechten.","Subseries 2.1, Personal and Professional Materials, track Lutz's career as a journalist as well as manuscript copies of several plays.","Subseries 2.2, Correspondence, contains a variety of letters between Lutz and several correspondents, including fellow Richmonders James Branch Cabell and Ellen Glasgow as well as Langston Hughes.","Subseries 2.3, Programs, contains performance programs from an array of performances Lutz and Van Vechten attended in New York and Richmond.","Subseries 2.4, Francis Earle Lutz, contains materials about Lutz's brother, also a noted author and veteran.","Series 3, Gertrude Stein, contains materials related to the relationship between Lutz, Van Vechten, Alice B. Toklas, and Gertrude Stein.","Subseries 3.1, Personal, contains items of a personal nature, including correspondence and a canceled check.","Subseries 3.2, Writing, contains primarily materials written by Stein, often inscribed to Van Vechten and/or Lutz. Of particular note is Box 6, File 16, which contains a copy of the privately printed  Portrait of Mabel Dodge at the Villa Curonia , which was bound with wallpaper and published in Italy, inscribed to Lutz.","Subseries 3.3 contains articles written about Gertrude Stein, including reviews, biographical pieces, and more general informational write-ups.","Subseries 3.4, Exhibits, is a series of catalogs and programs written by Stein for various exhibits.","Subseries 3.5 contains newspaper clippings about Stein and especially her travels in the United States in the mid-1930s.","Subseries 3.6, Playbills, contains collected examples of playbills for various productions of Stein-authored works.","Series 4, Photographs, contains the visual and photographic materials of the collection.","Subseries 4.1 contains personal photographs of Van Vechten, his wife Fania Marinoff, and images of Van Vechten with acquaintances or depicted in art forms.","Subseries 4.2 contains images of the New York apartment which was home to Van Vechten and Marinoff during the 1930s, located at 150 W. 55th Street in New York City.","Subseries 4.3 contains photographs taken by Carl Van Vetchen, which are nearly all photographic portraits.","Subseries 4.4 contains a few photographs that were for promotion or of art pieces.","Subseries 4.5 contains Van Vechten's photographs of Gertrude Stein and Alice B. Toklas, perhaps some of the best-known items in the collection.","Subseries 4.6 contains Van Vechten's many photographic studies of Mark Lutz in various positions, costumes, locations, and sizes.","Subseries 4.7 contains oversize photographs by Van Vechten, including photos of Stein and Toklas as well as other artistic figures of the 1930s.","Subseries 4.8 contains many photographs and cards of art depicting images of St. Christopher and St. Barbara that were most likely used to research Stein and Lutz's writings about saints."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBooks written or collected by Carl Van Vechten or Mark Lutz, including Gertrude Stein books, have been separated from the manuscript collection and cataloged into the Rare Book Room collection. All of these materials may be located via the library catalog by searching \"Mark Lutz Collection\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains blurb by Carl Van Vechten.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials","Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Books written or collected by Carl Van Vechten or Mark Lutz, including Gertrude Stein books, have been separated from the manuscript collection and cataloged into the Rare Book Room collection. All of these materials may be located via the library catalog by searching \"Mark Lutz Collection\".","Contains blurb by Carl Van Vechten."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright.  Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRestrictions on Photographs: Photographs by Carl Van Vechten are used only with permission of the Van Vechten Trust, and it is the researcher's responsibility to request that permission. The permission of the Trust is required prior to any reprint or use of Van Vechten photographs in any way, including publication. To contact the Trust, email VanVechtenTrust@gmail.com.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright.  Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.","Restrictions on Photographs: Photographs by Carl Van Vechten are used only with permission of the Van Vechten Trust, and it is the researcher's responsibility to request that permission. The permission of the Trust is required prior to any reprint or use of Van Vechten photographs in any way, including publication. To contact the Trust, email VanVechtenTrust@gmail.com."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_406af6246fd0b3294dbef1a4bf848fca\"\u003eThis collection contains materials relating to the life and writings of Carl Van Vechten and Gertrude Stein as shared and collected by Mark Lutz. Materials include correspondence and a variety of printed materials including programs, catalogs, reviews, and clippings as well as a substantial number of photographs taken by Van Vechten.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains materials relating to the life and writings of Carl Van Vechten and Gertrude Stein as shared and collected by Mark Lutz. Materials include correspondence and a variety of printed materials including programs, catalogs, reviews, and clippings as well as a substantial number of photographs taken by Van Vechten."],"names_ssim":["University of Richmond ","Van Vechten, Carl, 1880-1964","Lutz, Mark, 1901-1969","Stein, Gertrude, 1874-1946","Toklas, Alice B."],"corpname_ssim":["University of Richmond "],"names_coll_ssim":["Van Vechten, Carl, 1880-1964","Lutz, Mark, 1901-1969","Stein, Gertrude, 1874-1946","Toklas, Alice B."],"persname_ssim":["Van Vechten, Carl, 1880-1964","Lutz, Mark, 1901-1969","Stein, Gertrude, 1874-1946","Toklas, Alice B."],"language_ssim":["English French Catalan; Valencian Spanish; Castilian"],"total_component_count_is":581,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-24T23:34:48.475Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viur_repositories_4_resources_36_c03_c02"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8073_c05_c01_c44","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Writing and Painting Utensil Set - Tucker, Edward Henry (5)","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_8073_c05_c01_c44#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8073_c05_c01_c44","ref_ssm":["viw_repositories_2_resources_8073_c05_c01_c44"],"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8073_c05_c01_c44","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8073","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8073","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8073_c05_c01","parent_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8073_c05_c01","parent_ssim":["viw_repositories_2_resources_8073","viw_repositories_2_resources_8073_c05","viw_repositories_2_resources_8073_c05_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viw_repositories_2_resources_8073","viw_repositories_2_resources_8073_c05","viw_repositories_2_resources_8073_c05_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Edward \"Teddy\" Bolton Tucker Papers","Series 5: Artifacts and Textiles","Subseries 5.1: Artifacts"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Edward \"Teddy\" Bolton Tucker Papers","Series 5: Artifacts and Textiles","Subseries 5.1: Artifacts"],"text":["Edward \"Teddy\" Bolton Tucker Papers","Series 5: Artifacts and Textiles","Subseries 5.1: Artifacts","Writing and Painting Utensil Set - Tucker, Edward Henry (5)","Box 22"],"title_filing_ssi":"Writing and Painting Utensil Set - Tucker, Edward Henry (5)","title_ssm":["Writing and Painting Utensil Set - Tucker, Edward Henry (5)"],"title_tesim":["Writing and Painting Utensil Set - Tucker, Edward Henry (5)"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["undated"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1760/1990"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Writing and Painting Utensil Set - Tucker, Edward Henry (5)"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"collection_ssim":["Edward \"Teddy\" Bolton Tucker Papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":478,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"date_range_isim":[1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990],"containers_ssim":["Box 22"],"_nest_path_":"/components#4/components#0/components#43","timestamp":"2026-05-21T13:40:07.333Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8073","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8073","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8073","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8073","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_8073.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Edward \"Teddy\" Bolton Tucker papers","title_ssm":["Edward \"Teddy\" Bolton Tucker Papers"],"title_tesim":["Edward \"Teddy\" Bolton Tucker Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1760-1990","1800-1900"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1800-1900"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1760-1990"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS 00240","/repositories/2/resources/8073"],"text":["MS 00240","/repositories/2/resources/8073","Edward \"Teddy\" Bolton Tucker Papers","Bermuda Island (Bermuda Islands)","Anglo-Boer War, 1899-1902","Underwater exploration","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","The materials in this container are considered weapons and deemed dangerous. Direct supervision and guidance from an archivist will be required for access.","The materials in this container are considered weapons and deemed dangerous. Direct supervision and guidance from an archivist will be required for access.","The materials in this container are considered weapons and deemed dangerous. Direct supervision and guidance from an archivist will be required for access.","The materials in this container are considered weapons and deemed dangerous. Direct supervision and guidance from an archivist will be required for access.","The item in this box is fragile and requires direct supervision for access.","The collection is arranged into series by family. Series 1 covers Teddy Tucker's Papers; Series 2 covers the papers of Teddy Tucker's immediate family;  Series 3 covers the papers of the extended family; Series 4 covers related Taliaferro-Bolton families; and Series 5 consists of artifacts.","Edward \"Teddy\" Bolton Tucker was born in Bermuda on May 8th, 1925 to Edward Henry and Sue Taliaferro Bolton.  Teddy became an underwater explorer, teacher, treasure hunter, and pioneer.  He earned the Order of the British Empire from Queen Elizabeth II.  Other achievements include the discovery of more than 100 ship wrecks off the Bermuda coast, work on the Beebe science project with National Geographic, collaboration with the University of Maryland to study gill sharks.  Following service with the Royal Navy during World War II, Teddy endeavored to make a living as a salvage diver.  He taught himself about ships, nautical history, and underwater archeology. Teddy died June 9, 2014. \nSources consulted for this biographical/ Historical History: The New York Times, Teddy Tucker Obituary, June 27, 2014.","The collection consists of correspondence, day books, blueprints, photographs, genealogical research, maps, DVDs, artwork, textiles, and artifacts, circa 1760-1990, relating to the Tucker family of Bermuda and the Taliaferro-Bolton families of Richmond, Virginia. ","There is also a large amount of material relating to Edward \"Teddy\" Bolton Tucker, an underwater explorer and treasure hunter off the coast of Bermuda. The majority of the artwork in this collection is from Catharine and Ethel Tucker of Bermuda who were aunts of Edward \"Teddy\" Tucker.  They created many landscape pieces and maintained a small store on Bermuda wher they sold their works. ","Artifacts include wooden and metal trinkets made by prisoners of war held in Bermuda during the Anglo-Boer war from 1899-1902, textiles, tintype photographs, and family heirloom jewelry. ","This series includes the papers of Edward \"Teddy\" Bolton Tucker.  They include his work as a skin diver in and around Bermuda waters.  Teddy devoted a significant amount of his professional life studying marine life and exploring wrecks off coastlines.  He is best known for discovering the Tucker cross, an emerald encrusted 22 karat gold cross, in 1955 from the Spanish galleon shipwreck the \"San Pedro\".  He sold it to the Government of Bermuda in 1959.  Unfortnately, by 1975 it was discovered that it was stolen. Because a replica was used to hide the fact that it was stolen, it is believed that a professional art theif perpetrated the crime. The artifact has never been recovered.  While much of Teddy's underwater findings and work remain in Bermuda, these papers offer insight into his boyhood, correspondence with relatives, and daily life in Bermuda.","This box contains mostly photocopies of documentation and compiled research related to Bermuda and surrounding area shiwrecks.  There are also some files concerning shipwreck artifacts, fragments of books, and copies of excerpts of Columbus's First Voyage through the Bahamas.","Certification that \"Edward H. Tucker passed in the Elementary Stage of Architecture\" by the Committee of her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council on Education Department of Science and Art, London, S.W.","Handwritten poem written by Mrs. Bob Tucker, one of the chaperones.","Tucker genealogy chart covering years prior to 1648 up to approximately 1852.  In poor condition. Fragile.","Drawing made by Edward H. Tucker on tissue paper.","Ordnance map published by the Director General of the Ordnance Survey Office, Southampton. Owned by Major Robert J. Tucker, B.V.R.C.","Survey of Soncy Land (probably in Bermunda) by P.B.A. Melville. No. 2453.Note on reverse: \"George P. Jones, Broadmoor Hotel, Broadmoor, Colorado Springs, Co.","Copy of a blueprint of \"Plan of Land at Perinchiefs or Jews Bay, Southampton Parish\" referred to in the Annexed Certificate.  Signed by Claudia Darrell. Signed by Eeric Dutton, Colonial Secretary, Bermuda. Note on reverse \"Plan of Lots, Green ?.\"","Drawing prepared by E.H. Tucker.","This series includes papers of the family members of the Tucker Family that are directly related to Edward \"Teddy\" Bolton Tucker.  They include his mother and father, grandparents of the Tucker family, and Great-grandparents of the Tucker family ancestry.","Orginal is in oversize folder.","This series includes papers of extended Tucker family members of Edward \"Teddy\" Bolton Tucker.  They include aunts, uncles, and great-aunts and uncles within the Tucker ancestry.  Of note are Catharine and Ethel Tucker.  Both were artists in Bermuda and owned a shop, The Little Green Door, where they sold their artwork.  Many landscape prints, calendars, cards, and stationary art are included in this series.","This series includes papers from family members who were ancestors of Edward \"Teddy\" Tucker's mother, Sue Taliaferro Bolton.","This series is comprised of various objects, personal items, tools, ephemera, jewelry, and textiles owned by Edward \"Tedduy\" Tucker and his family members, dating back to the mid-1800s. The majority of the items are items used in daily life or special events, such as utensils, spectacles, everyday tools, and personal accessories. The majority of the artifacts and textiles lack provenance within Tucker's family, with some exceptions, such as engraved silver utensils bearing the names of relatives that include Anna Maria Bolton, Sue Bolton, and Edward Henry Tucker.","This subseries is made up of artifacts, everyday tools, and jewelry owned by the Tucker family of Bermuda and the Taliaferro-Bolton families of Richmond, Virginia.","A set of hair pick combs used by women from the Tucker family in the 19th century.","A small pendant carved by an unidentified member of the Tucker family while a prisoner of war during the Second Boer War (1899-1902).","This subseries consists of textiles and fabric materials owned by the Tucker family of Bermuda and the Taliaferro-Bolton family of Richmond, Virginia. Fragments of larger garments make up the bulk of the subseries, primarily of women's or children's clothing. These fragments lack provenance and their original ownership is unknown beyond that of the Tucker and Taliaferro-Bolton families. Other items include doilies, tablecloths, and woven pouches, all roughly dating from the 19th and 20th centuries. These textiles provide some information regarding the types of textiles used by the Tuckers and Taliaferro-Boltons in everyday life, as well as providing insight into the families' sentimental valuation placed on retaining fragments of old garments.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","Bolton","Tucker","Tucker, Wendy Sue","Tucker, Teddy (Edward Bolton), 1825-2014","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS 00240","/repositories/2/resources/8073"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Edward \"Teddy\" Bolton Tucker Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Edward \"Teddy\" Bolton Tucker Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Edward \"Teddy\" Bolton Tucker Papers"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"geogname_ssm":["Bermuda Island (Bermuda Islands)"],"geogname_ssim":["Bermuda Island (Bermuda Islands)"],"creator_ssm":["Tucker, Wendy Sue","Tucker, Teddy (Edward Bolton), 1825-2014","Bolton","Tucker"],"creator_ssim":["Tucker, Wendy Sue","Tucker, Teddy (Edward Bolton), 1825-2014","Bolton","Tucker"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Tucker, Wendy Sue","Tucker, Teddy (Edward Bolton), 1825-2014"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Bolton","Tucker"],"creators_ssim":["Tucker, Wendy Sue","Tucker, Teddy (Edward Bolton), 1825-2014","Bolton","Tucker"],"places_ssim":["Bermuda Island (Bermuda Islands)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Anglo-Boer War, 1899-1902","Underwater exploration"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Anglo-Boer War, 1899-1902","Underwater exploration"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["20.0 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["20.0 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe materials in this container are considered weapons and deemed dangerous. Direct supervision and guidance from an archivist will be required for access.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe materials in this container are considered weapons and deemed dangerous. Direct supervision and guidance from an archivist will be required for access.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe materials in this container are considered weapons and deemed dangerous. Direct supervision and guidance from an archivist will be required for access.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe materials in this container are considered weapons and deemed dangerous. Direct supervision and guidance from an archivist will be required for access.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe item in this box is fragile and requires direct supervision for access.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","The materials in this container are considered weapons and deemed dangerous. Direct supervision and guidance from an archivist will be required for access.","The materials in this container are considered weapons and deemed dangerous. Direct supervision and guidance from an archivist will be required for access.","The materials in this container are considered weapons and deemed dangerous. Direct supervision and guidance from an archivist will be required for access.","The materials in this container are considered weapons and deemed dangerous. Direct supervision and guidance from an archivist will be required for access.","The item in this box is fragile and requires direct supervision for access."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into series by family. Series 1 covers Teddy Tucker's Papers; Series 2 covers the papers of Teddy Tucker's immediate family;  Series 3 covers the papers of the extended family; Series 4 covers related Taliaferro-Bolton families; and Series 5 consists of artifacts.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into series by family. Series 1 covers Teddy Tucker's Papers; Series 2 covers the papers of Teddy Tucker's immediate family;  Series 3 covers the papers of the extended family; Series 4 covers related Taliaferro-Bolton families; and Series 5 consists of artifacts."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEdward \"Teddy\" Bolton Tucker was born in Bermuda on May 8th, 1925 to Edward Henry and Sue Taliaferro Bolton.  Teddy became an underwater explorer, teacher, treasure hunter, and pioneer.  He earned the Order of the British Empire from Queen Elizabeth II.  Other achievements include the discovery of more than 100 ship wrecks off the Bermuda coast, work on the Beebe science project with National Geographic, collaboration with the University of Maryland to study gill sharks.  Following service with the Royal Navy during World War II, Teddy endeavored to make a living as a salvage diver.  He taught himself about ships, nautical history, and underwater archeology. Teddy died June 9, 2014. \nSources consulted for this biographical/ Historical History: The New York Times, Teddy Tucker Obituary, June 27, 2014.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Edward \"Teddy\" Bolton Tucker was born in Bermuda on May 8th, 1925 to Edward Henry and Sue Taliaferro Bolton.  Teddy became an underwater explorer, teacher, treasure hunter, and pioneer.  He earned the Order of the British Empire from Queen Elizabeth II.  Other achievements include the discovery of more than 100 ship wrecks off the Bermuda coast, work on the Beebe science project with National Geographic, collaboration with the University of Maryland to study gill sharks.  Following service with the Royal Navy during World War II, Teddy endeavored to make a living as a salvage diver.  He taught himself about ships, nautical history, and underwater archeology. Teddy died June 9, 2014. \nSources consulted for this biographical/ Historical History: The New York Times, Teddy Tucker Obituary, June 27, 2014."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEdward \"Teddy\" Bolton Tucker papers, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026amp; Mary Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Edward \"Teddy\" Bolton Tucker papers, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026 Mary Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of correspondence, day books, blueprints, photographs, genealogical research, maps, DVDs, artwork, textiles, and artifacts, circa 1760-1990, relating to the Tucker family of Bermuda and the Taliaferro-Bolton families of Richmond, Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere is also a large amount of material relating to Edward \"Teddy\" Bolton Tucker, an underwater explorer and treasure hunter off the coast of Bermuda. The majority of the artwork in this collection is from Catharine and Ethel Tucker of Bermuda who were aunts of Edward \"Teddy\" Tucker.  They created many landscape pieces and maintained a small store on Bermuda wher they sold their works. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eArtifacts include wooden and metal trinkets made by prisoners of war held in Bermuda during the Anglo-Boer war from 1899-1902, textiles, tintype photographs, and family heirloom jewelry. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes the papers of Edward \"Teddy\" Bolton Tucker.  They include his work as a skin diver in and around Bermuda waters.  Teddy devoted a significant amount of his professional life studying marine life and exploring wrecks off coastlines.  He is best known for discovering the Tucker cross, an emerald encrusted 22 karat gold cross, in 1955 from the Spanish galleon shipwreck the \"San Pedro\".  He sold it to the Government of Bermuda in 1959.  Unfortnately, by 1975 it was discovered that it was stolen. Because a replica was used to hide the fact that it was stolen, it is believed that a professional art theif perpetrated the crime. The artifact has never been recovered.  While much of Teddy's underwater findings and work remain in Bermuda, these papers offer insight into his boyhood, correspondence with relatives, and daily life in Bermuda.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis box contains mostly photocopies of documentation and compiled research related to Bermuda and surrounding area shiwrecks.  There are also some files concerning shipwreck artifacts, fragments of books, and copies of excerpts of Columbus's First Voyage through the Bahamas.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCertification that \"Edward H. Tucker passed in the Elementary Stage of Architecture\" by the Committee of her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council on Education Department of Science and Art, London, S.W.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHandwritten poem written by Mrs. Bob Tucker, one of the chaperones.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTucker genealogy chart covering years prior to 1648 up to approximately 1852.  In poor condition. Fragile.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing made by Edward H. Tucker on tissue paper.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOrdnance map published by the Director General of the Ordnance Survey Office, Southampton. Owned by Major Robert J. Tucker, B.V.R.C.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSurvey of Soncy Land (probably in Bermunda) by P.B.A. Melville. No. 2453.Note on reverse: \"George P. Jones, Broadmoor Hotel, Broadmoor, Colorado Springs, Co.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopy of a blueprint of \"Plan of Land at Perinchiefs or Jews Bay, Southampton Parish\" referred to in the Annexed Certificate.  Signed by Claudia Darrell. Signed by Eeric Dutton, Colonial Secretary, Bermuda. Note on reverse \"Plan of Lots, Green ?.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing prepared by E.H. Tucker.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes papers of the family members of the Tucker Family that are directly related to Edward \"Teddy\" Bolton Tucker.  They include his mother and father, grandparents of the Tucker family, and Great-grandparents of the Tucker family ancestry.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOrginal is in oversize folder.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes papers of extended Tucker family members of Edward \"Teddy\" Bolton Tucker.  They include aunts, uncles, and great-aunts and uncles within the Tucker ancestry.  Of note are Catharine and Ethel Tucker.  Both were artists in Bermuda and owned a shop, The Little Green Door, where they sold their artwork.  Many landscape prints, calendars, cards, and stationary art are included in this series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes papers from family members who were ancestors of Edward \"Teddy\" Tucker's mother, Sue Taliaferro Bolton.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is comprised of various objects, personal items, tools, ephemera, jewelry, and textiles owned by Edward \"Tedduy\" Tucker and his family members, dating back to the mid-1800s. The majority of the items are items used in daily life or special events, such as utensils, spectacles, everyday tools, and personal accessories. The majority of the artifacts and textiles lack provenance within Tucker's family, with some exceptions, such as engraved silver utensils bearing the names of relatives that include Anna Maria Bolton, Sue Bolton, and Edward Henry Tucker.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries is made up of artifacts, everyday tools, and jewelry owned by the Tucker family of Bermuda and the Taliaferro-Bolton families of Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA set of hair pick combs used by women from the Tucker family in the 19th century.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA small pendant carved by an unidentified member of the Tucker family while a prisoner of war during the Second Boer War (1899-1902).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries consists of textiles and fabric materials owned by the Tucker family of Bermuda and the Taliaferro-Bolton family of Richmond, Virginia. Fragments of larger garments make up the bulk of the subseries, primarily of women's or children's clothing. These fragments lack provenance and their original ownership is unknown beyond that of the Tucker and Taliaferro-Bolton families. Other items include doilies, tablecloths, and woven pouches, all roughly dating from the 19th and 20th centuries. These textiles provide some information regarding the types of textiles used by the Tuckers and Taliaferro-Boltons in everyday life, as well as providing insight into the families' sentimental valuation placed on retaining fragments of old garments.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of correspondence, day books, blueprints, photographs, genealogical research, maps, DVDs, artwork, textiles, and artifacts, circa 1760-1990, relating to the Tucker family of Bermuda and the Taliaferro-Bolton families of Richmond, Virginia. ","There is also a large amount of material relating to Edward \"Teddy\" Bolton Tucker, an underwater explorer and treasure hunter off the coast of Bermuda. The majority of the artwork in this collection is from Catharine and Ethel Tucker of Bermuda who were aunts of Edward \"Teddy\" Tucker.  They created many landscape pieces and maintained a small store on Bermuda wher they sold their works. ","Artifacts include wooden and metal trinkets made by prisoners of war held in Bermuda during the Anglo-Boer war from 1899-1902, textiles, tintype photographs, and family heirloom jewelry. ","This series includes the papers of Edward \"Teddy\" Bolton Tucker.  They include his work as a skin diver in and around Bermuda waters.  Teddy devoted a significant amount of his professional life studying marine life and exploring wrecks off coastlines.  He is best known for discovering the Tucker cross, an emerald encrusted 22 karat gold cross, in 1955 from the Spanish galleon shipwreck the \"San Pedro\".  He sold it to the Government of Bermuda in 1959.  Unfortnately, by 1975 it was discovered that it was stolen. Because a replica was used to hide the fact that it was stolen, it is believed that a professional art theif perpetrated the crime. The artifact has never been recovered.  While much of Teddy's underwater findings and work remain in Bermuda, these papers offer insight into his boyhood, correspondence with relatives, and daily life in Bermuda.","This box contains mostly photocopies of documentation and compiled research related to Bermuda and surrounding area shiwrecks.  There are also some files concerning shipwreck artifacts, fragments of books, and copies of excerpts of Columbus's First Voyage through the Bahamas.","Certification that \"Edward H. Tucker passed in the Elementary Stage of Architecture\" by the Committee of her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council on Education Department of Science and Art, London, S.W.","Handwritten poem written by Mrs. Bob Tucker, one of the chaperones.","Tucker genealogy chart covering years prior to 1648 up to approximately 1852.  In poor condition. Fragile.","Drawing made by Edward H. Tucker on tissue paper.","Ordnance map published by the Director General of the Ordnance Survey Office, Southampton. Owned by Major Robert J. Tucker, B.V.R.C.","Survey of Soncy Land (probably in Bermunda) by P.B.A. Melville. No. 2453.Note on reverse: \"George P. Jones, Broadmoor Hotel, Broadmoor, Colorado Springs, Co.","Copy of a blueprint of \"Plan of Land at Perinchiefs or Jews Bay, Southampton Parish\" referred to in the Annexed Certificate.  Signed by Claudia Darrell. Signed by Eeric Dutton, Colonial Secretary, Bermuda. Note on reverse \"Plan of Lots, Green ?.\"","Drawing prepared by E.H. Tucker.","This series includes papers of the family members of the Tucker Family that are directly related to Edward \"Teddy\" Bolton Tucker.  They include his mother and father, grandparents of the Tucker family, and Great-grandparents of the Tucker family ancestry.","Orginal is in oversize folder.","This series includes papers of extended Tucker family members of Edward \"Teddy\" Bolton Tucker.  They include aunts, uncles, and great-aunts and uncles within the Tucker ancestry.  Of note are Catharine and Ethel Tucker.  Both were artists in Bermuda and owned a shop, The Little Green Door, where they sold their artwork.  Many landscape prints, calendars, cards, and stationary art are included in this series.","This series includes papers from family members who were ancestors of Edward \"Teddy\" Tucker's mother, Sue Taliaferro Bolton.","This series is comprised of various objects, personal items, tools, ephemera, jewelry, and textiles owned by Edward \"Tedduy\" Tucker and his family members, dating back to the mid-1800s. The majority of the items are items used in daily life or special events, such as utensils, spectacles, everyday tools, and personal accessories. The majority of the artifacts and textiles lack provenance within Tucker's family, with some exceptions, such as engraved silver utensils bearing the names of relatives that include Anna Maria Bolton, Sue Bolton, and Edward Henry Tucker.","This subseries is made up of artifacts, everyday tools, and jewelry owned by the Tucker family of Bermuda and the Taliaferro-Bolton families of Richmond, Virginia.","A set of hair pick combs used by women from the Tucker family in the 19th century.","A small pendant carved by an unidentified member of the Tucker family while a prisoner of war during the Second Boer War (1899-1902).","This subseries consists of textiles and fabric materials owned by the Tucker family of Bermuda and the Taliaferro-Bolton family of Richmond, Virginia. Fragments of larger garments make up the bulk of the subseries, primarily of women's or children's clothing. These fragments lack provenance and their original ownership is unknown beyond that of the Tucker and Taliaferro-Bolton families. Other items include doilies, tablecloths, and woven pouches, all roughly dating from the 19th and 20th centuries. These textiles provide some information regarding the types of textiles used by the Tuckers and Taliaferro-Boltons in everyday life, as well as providing insight into the families' sentimental valuation placed on retaining fragments of old garments."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Bolton","Tucker","Tucker, Wendy Sue","Tucker, Teddy (Edward Bolton), 1825-2014"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"famname_ssim":["Bolton","Tucker"],"names_coll_ssim":["Tucker, Wendy Sue"],"persname_ssim":["Tucker, Wendy Sue","Tucker, Teddy (Edward Bolton), 1825-2014"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":514,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T13:40:07.333Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_8073_c05_c01_c44"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4354_c02","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Writings","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4354_c02#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eIncludes drafts (typescripts and manuscripts), published works, and various notes. Works include short stories, articles, essays, plays, poetry, and a novel. Also includes a few folders of publications by other people that Montague may have used for inspiration.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4354_c02#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4354_c02","ref_ssm":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4354_c02"],"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4354_c02","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4354","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4354","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4354","parent_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4354","parent_ssim":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4354"],"parent_ids_ssim":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4354"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Margaret Prescott Montague, Author, Papers"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Margaret Prescott Montague, Author, Papers"],"text":["Margaret Prescott Montague, Author, Papers","Writings","Includes drafts (typescripts and manuscripts), published works, and various notes. Works include short stories, articles, essays, plays, poetry, and a novel. Also includes a few folders of publications by other people that Montague may have used for inspiration."],"title_filing_ssi":"Writings","title_ssm":["Writings"],"title_tesim":["Writings"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["ca. 1895-1946"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1895/1946"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Writings"],"component_level_isim":[1],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"collection_ssim":["Margaret Prescott Montague, Author, Papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":9,"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"sort_isi":24,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["No special access restriction applies."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"date_range_isim":[1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIncludes drafts (typescripts and manuscripts), published works, and various notes. Works include short stories, articles, essays, plays, poetry, and a novel. Also includes a few folders of publications by other people that Montague may have used for inspiration.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Includes drafts (typescripts and manuscripts), published works, and various notes. Works include short stories, articles, essays, plays, poetry, and a novel. Also includes a few folders of publications by other people that Montague may have used for inspiration."],"_nest_path_":"/components#1","timestamp":"2026-05-21T01:04:16.472Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4354","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4354","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4354","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4354","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_4354.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/197965","title_ssm":["Margaret Prescott Montague, Author, Papers"],"title_tesim":["Margaret Prescott Montague, Author, Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1893-1958"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1893-1958"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 1110","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/4354"],"text":["A\u0026M 1110","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/4354","Margaret Prescott Montague, Author, Papers","Authors -- Letters and papers","Diaries and journals.","Poets and poetry.","Religion. SEE ALSO Churches.","Women's history -- 1850-1899","Women's history -- 1900-1929","Women's history -- 1929-1950","Women's history -- 1951-present","No special access restriction applies.","Margaret Prescott Montague was born on November 28, 1878 at \"Oakhurst,\" the Montague homestead near White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia. Of New England parentages, she inherited the cultural milieu of the Back Bay as well as that of the West Virginia highlands. Her early education was undertaken by her parents; in her middle teens she was attending Miss Gussie Daniel's school in Richmond, Virginia. It was Miss Gussie, according to Miss Montague, who \"discovered my small ability.\" ","Under the influence of the local colorists, Miss Montague turned to the mountain folk of West Virginia for her early novels:  The Poet, Miss Kate , and I  (1905),  The Sowing of Alderson Cree  (1907), and  In Calvert's Valley  (1908).  Linda  (1912), showed a trend away from the earlier folk literature, oscillating as the novel did between the Back Bay and the back woods. ","From 1909 on Miss Montague was subject to \"severe physical afflictions\" that left her partially blind and deaf for the rest of her career. Always an intensely religious person, she now sought to find self-realization and truth in Christian mysticism and a philosophy of ennoblement through suffering. These themes marked much of her work after 1915.  Closed Doors  (1915) was a study of handicapped children at the West Virginia School of the Deaf and Blind. In \"The Lucky Lady\" (1933) Miss Montague asserted that man was still master of his fate and also his handicaps. She recorded her mystical experiences in such articles as \"Twenty Minutes of Reality\" (1916) and \"Leaves from a Secret Journal'' (1926) written under the nome de plume of Jane Steger. ","From 1915 she turned more and more to the shorter forms of prose, the short story and essay. She wrote a series of wartime stories, and won the first O. Henry Memorial Prize in 1919 for \"England to America\" which has become an American classic. Her passionate interest in politics, absent in most of her writings, was the moving force of \"Uncle Sam of Freedom Ridge\" (1920), a plea for ratification of the League Covenant. The story was made into a film and became an issue in the presidential election of 1920. ","In  Deep Channel  (1923), her last full length novel, Miss Montague returned to the locale of her earlier novels, yet the book was a more skillful and sophisticated work, closely tied to the new literature of the 1920s and, in the words of Professor Stuart P. Sherman, \"animated by the passion for self-realization.\" In a lighter vein were the legendary exploits of Tony Beaver, the Paul Bunyan of West Virginia, which Miss Montague published as a collection of short stories in  Up Eel River  (1928). ","While the author continued writing short stories, essays, poetry, and completed a long unpublished novel in the 1930s, her didactic writings had been part of a world less harsh and irrational than that the United States of the depression decade. Her works now belong to a passing era. Nevertheless, she was active with her pen almost until the time of her death in Richmond, Virginia on September 26, 1955.","In September 2018, A\u0026M 1152 and 1169 were formally merged into this collection. The former custodian of this collection had donated A\u0026M 1152 and 1169 the year following the donation of A\u0026M 1110, likely with the intention of adding them to the first collection. Previous processors had already interfiled 1152 and 1169 into this collection and described the three collections as one. When reprocessing this collection, we tried to maintain the original intellectual arrangement as best we could. The note from the original paper finding aid is as follows: \nThe Montague papers were presented to the West Virginia Collection by the author's brother, the Reverend Cary Montague of Richmond, Virginia. Miss Ellen Lee Ball had custody of the papers from 1955 to 1958 and spent much time and effort in arranging and annotating the collection. Further processing and cataloging has been done by the staff of the West Virginia Collection.","582, 1110, 1348, 2218","Correspondence, manuscripts, notes and notebooks, diaries, press clippings, photographs, and printed material of a West Virginia essayist, short-story writer, poet and novelist, who won the first O. Henry Memorial Prize in 1919 for her short story, \"England to America.\" The papers include correspondence from editors, publishers, agents and critics; readers' correspondence; family letters; manuscripts of short stories and other works; outlines, plots, and drafts; and diaries and notebooks primarily concerned with religious meditation, Christian mysticism, and Miss Montague's concept of human ennoblement through suffering. Correspondents include Bernard Baruch, Russell Doubleday, Howard M. Gore, M.A. DeWolfe Howe, Vachel Lindsay, Christopher Morley, Philip Van Doren Stern, Joseph P. Tumulty, and Woodrow Wilson.","Includes correspondence from editors, publishers, agents, and critics; readers; general correspondence; and correspondence from Montague herself.","Correspondents include Abingdon-Cokesbury Press, American Foundation for the Blind, The American Red Cross, Mary Asquith, Atlantic Monthly.","Correspondents include Baker and Taylor Company; Katharine N. Birdsall; Brentano's; Charles Wakefield Cadman; Frederich H. Chase; Christian Observer; Robert Collier, Inc.; Crowell Publishing Company; Daniels Studios; A. Mervyn Davies; Doubleday, Doran and Company; Doubleday, Page and Company; E.P. Dutton and Company; The Exposition Press.","Correspondents include Baker and Taylor Company; Katharine N. Birdsall; Brentano's; Charles Wakefield Cadman; Frederich H. Chase; Christian Observer; Robert Collier, Inc.; Crowell Publishing Company; Daniels Studios; A. Mervyn Davies; Doubleday, Doran and Company; Doubleday, Page and Company; E.P. Dutton and Company; The Exposition Press.","Correspondents include The Form; Goldwin Pictures Corporation; Harper and Brothers; Harper's Bazaar; Harper's Magazine; Houghton Mifflin Company; Jefferson Jones; The Ladies Home Journal. Christopher Morley; Liberty; Library of Congress; Little, Brown Company; C.R. Maculey Photoplays, Inc.; The MacMillian Company; Frank A. Munsey Company.","Correspondents include National Broadcasting Company; The North American Review; The Outlook Company. Lawrence F. Abbott; Felix Orman; Paget Literary Agency; Pocket Books, Inc.; Board of Christian Education, Presbyterian Church, USA; Reader's Digest; Charles I. Reid; Paul R. Reynolds; Saturday Review of Literature. Henry S. Canby; Robert Haven Schauffler; Henry Staton; The Steck Company; Service for Authors, Inc.; The Trend; Toronto Star Weekly; The Volta Review; Walt Disney Productions, Lts.; The Yale Review. Henry S. Canby; The West Virginia Review.","Correspondents include Oscar Cargill, Edgar White Burrell, Russell Doubleday, Meredith Page, Ellery Sedgwick, Philip Van Doren Stern.","Also includes publishers correspondence.","Correspondents include \nDr. E. A. Alderman \nMary Antin \nIrving Bacheller \nBernard M. Baruch \nGamaliel Bradford \nMilledge L. Bonham \nGlenn Clark \nFrederick Perry Fish \nM.A. DeWolfe Howe \nBasil King \nMary Johnson \nRufus M. Jones \nHoward M. Gore \nGardiner Martin Lane  \nVachel Lindsay  \nEdward W. Osborne  \nMargaret Dreier Robins  \nLaura E. Richards  \nStuart Pratt Sherman  \nJoseph P. Tumulty  \nJames Southall Wilson  \nWoodrow Wilson  \nSimon Wolf  \nDr. Elwood Worcester  \nOwen D. Young  \nSir. Francis Younghusband","Correspondents include \nDr. E. A. Alderman \nMary Antin \nIrving Bacheller \nBernard M. Baruch \nGamaliel Bradford \nMilledge L. Bonham \nGlenn Clark \nFrederick Perry Fish \nM.A. DeWolfe Howe \nBasil King \nMary Johnson \nRufus M. Jones \nHoward M. Gore \nGardiner Martin Lane  \nVachel Lindsay  \nEdward W. Osborne  \nMargaret Dreier Robins  \nLaura E. Richards  \nStuart Pratt Sherman  \nJoseph P. Tumulty  \nJames Southall Wilson  \nWoodrow Wilson  \nSimon Wolf  \nDr. Elwood Worcester  \nOwen D. Young  \nSir. Francis Younghusband","Many of the letters are written to family. This folder was originally part of A\u0026M 1152.","Many of the letters are written to family. This folder was originally part of A\u0026M 1152.","Some of these letters were written while on her European tour.","Includes drafts (typescripts and manuscripts), published works, and various notes. Works include short stories, articles, essays, plays, poetry, and a novel. Also includes a few folders of publications by other people that Montague may have used for inspiration.","Mostly typescripts of short stories, some with annotations.  Stories include: \n  \"Altars of Earth\" \n  \"At the Fall of the Year\" \n  \"The Baby Angel\" \n  \"The Battlefield\" \n  \"The Benefit of the Doubt\" \n  \"Big Music\" \n  \"Blue Silk and Gingham Apron\" (1st page) \n  \"The Cloak of Dreams\" \n  \"Cock Crow\" \n  \"Concerning the Mystery\" \n  \"The Dark Tower\" \n  \"Fine Growing Weather\" and \"Nice Growin Weather\" \n  \"The First Breakfast \" \n  \"In the Grip of John Hamilton\" \n  \"A Good Bargain\" \n  \"Grand Rough Old Martin Luther\" \n  \"The Great Sleep Tanks\" \n  \"The Kiss at Large\" \n  \"The Last Tenth\" \n  \"The Lucky Lady\" \n  \"North Plays South\" \n  \"Portrait of a Saint\" \n  \"Pretty Gal\" \n  \"The Squirt Gun\" \n  \"The Storm in the Mountains\" \n  \"The Third Rail\" \n  \"To the Unknown People\" \n  \"The Troubles of Tipsy Turpentine\" \n  \"Victory of Dorothy Ellis\" \n  \"Visitors from the Air\" \n  \"The Ways of Providence\" \n  \"What Trouble Is\" \n  \"The Word\" \n  \"A Yard of Nonsense\"","Mostly typescript drafts of articles and other prose writings, some with annotations. Includes: \n   Acquiring a Social Conscience \n   At the Long Last \n   Baby and the Steam Shovel \n   Blue Birds for the Blind \n   Christians and Criminals \n   The Closing of the Doors \n   The Danger in Gardens \n   Deliverance  \n   A Dinner of Herbs \n   Do They Bite You \n   Dog's Eye View \n   The Doll-Baby Dresses \n   A Farewell and a Message \n   A Fugitive Seeks Sanctuary \n   The Game \n   The Girl and the Mountains \n   God and a Few Souls \n   The Great Awakener \n   The Ground of Thy Beseeching \n   The Hidden Flame \n   Home to Him's Muvver \n   The Hungry House \n   John Bull at His Window \n   Lee's Old Gray Nag \n   Let the People Praise Thee, O God \n   Lion-In-The-Conversation \n   The Night After Christmas \n   An Offering of Worship \n   An Open Letter to All the School Children in the United States \n   Papa in Soap  \n   Pictures of Englishman \n   Pioneers of Silence \n   In Praise of Machines \n   Prayer for the World \n   The Rally For Death \n   Shingles from an Old Roof \n   Sister Water \n   Squints \n   Some Lesser Loves \n   Tangier \n   Thoughts \n   Time for Immemorial to Seek the Rest Cure \n   Time Dispatch (Richmond), Letter to the Editor \n   To the Women of America \n   A Tribute of Praise \n   Waifie \n   When Gold May Lose its Glamour \n   When Nature Takes the Lid Off \n   The Women's Moment","Typescript drafts of \"The Spell,\" \"For the Fighting Men,\" and \"Gold\"","Includes a variety of notes and drafts of poetry.","Mostly typescripts, some with annotations. One folder contains material that may have originally been part of A\u0026M 1152.","Two typescripts of unpublished novel,  The Answer,  (also called  Life and Hands ?) with publishers critiques and rejection notices.","Includes outlines, plots, and drafts of short stories and essays, novels, plays, and miscellaneous works.","Includes outlines, plots, and drafts of short stories and essays, including: \n The Answer Is… \n Beauty of the Earth \n Belief in Billy \n Brains, Brawn, and Something More \n Catching Stride with One's Self \n The Christmas Gift \n Closed Doors \n Danger in Gardens \n The Dogwood Road \n The Door Keeper \n Drifts of Opinion on the Colour Question \n Ecstasy \n Education for Life \n The Engagement  \n Fiction and New York \n Fire \n For Age on Age  \n For France \n The Forgiveness of Sins \n The Gate of Life and other Ann Eversole stories \n The Gift  \n The Gift of Herself \n A Good Bedside Manner \n Great Adventure \n Hidden Portals \n The Hound of Heaven \n I Must Confess \n The Impending Fate \n The Inexorable Master \n The Intoxication of Danger \n The King's Letter \n The Lady Agriculturist \n Leaves From a Secrete Journal \n Let's Save the World \n The Little Comrade \n Looking at Life \n The Lost Love \n Loving His Brother \n The Millions Inherit Kitty \n A Million Little Colorless Women \n The Negro Sense of Humor \n O Muse! \n O Theophilus \n On Brick Walls \n On the Lack of Fairness in the American Nation \n On Flowers \n On Saying Sara \n On Voyages of Discovery \n Once I Was A Water Lilly \n Out Burst \n The Old Man of the Sea \n The Other Truth \n The Pulse of the World \n Salvation for the Magazines \n The Seeing Eye \n Studies on Loneliness  \n Temper or Temperature \n This is the Day \n The Three Swords \n Thus Spake Zarathustra \n To Miss Mary Jefferies \n To Recommend Edward Imagination \n The Most Unforgettable Person I Ever Knew [Twenty Minutes of Reality?] \n Understanding Algernon \n The Unexpectedness of God \n Up Eel River \n The Victoria \n A Travel Story \n Wings of the Morning \n White Hollyhock","Includes outlines and plots for the following novels: \nA Call for Volunteers \nThe Alabaster Box \nThe Builder \nThe Curse \nMoney","Includes outlines, notes, and drafts for the following plays: \nElizabeth \nHome \nThe Spell","Includes notes, plots, etc. on unidentified works as well as notes on writing.","Includes diaries and notebooks, which include religious meditations and observations, drafts of works and notes about her work, correspondence, and more:  \n  Box 10.  \n   Diary, 1906, 1927 \n   Diary, 1907 (account of a trip to Europe) \n   Diary, 1917, 1925-1927 (record of personal income, charities, household accounts, writing and manuscripts submitted for publication) \n   Diary, Etc., 1927, 1928, 1929, 1942 (also portions of a play, Awake) \n   Diary, 1929-1933 \n   Diary, Meditation, 1929 \n   Guidance record, 1929 \n   Diary, 1935-1938, 1944 \n   Diary, 1936-1940 \n  Box 11: \n   Diary, A Tapestry of Thought, 1908-1912, 1915-1925 (portions published as \"Leaves from a Secrete Journal\") \n   Diary, A Book of Pleasant Things, 1947-1948 (essays and reminiscences) \n   Diary, 1910-1915 (manuscripts sent to publishers), 1927 (religious meditations) \n   Notebook, 1908 (notes and plots) \n   Notebook, undated (notes, plots, and accounts) \n   Notebook, undated (Biblical and religious quotations) \n   Notebook undated (notes on the blind) \n   Note pads, 2 vols (notes, poetry and letters) \n   Notes for lectures, 1927 \n  Box 17: \n   Diary with notes on flowers \n   \"Diary\" of verse and miscellaneous notes \n   Booklet, \"A Happy New Year\" (originally from A\u0026M 1169) \n   Notebook, undated \n   Notebook, undated \n   Miscellaneous Notes","Includes essays, notes, and outlines on handicaps, death, fear, nerves, the philosophy of suffering, and Montague's attitude toward suffering.","Includes published articles, poetry, short stories, etc., materials advertising Montague's works, and inspirational publications.","Includes published articles, poetry, short stories, etc. appearing in newspapers, journals, magazines, etc., as well as material advertising \"The Lucky Lady,\" \"Up Eel River,\" \"Deep Channel,\" and the film version of \"Uncle Sam of Freedom Ridge.\" Also includes the short version of \"Twenty Minutes of Reality\" along with a complete but unbound copy of the book version. (A second, incomplete unbound copy of \"Twenty Minutes of Reality\" will be housed with the Rare Book Librarian for use as a teaching tool.)","Includes pamphlets, booklets, etc. mostly on religious and psychological subjects.","Includes oversize clippings from magazines and newspapers that contain published works. Also includes sheet music for \"The Christmas Street\"","Press clippings (mostly from newspapers) and biographical information. Includes two clipping scrapbooks, for \"The Poet, Miss Kate, and I\" and \"In Calvert's Valley.\" Also includes folders of clippings for \"Uncle Sam of Freedom Ridge,\" \"Closed Doors,\" \"Deep Channel,\" \"England to America,\" \"Home to Him's Muvver,\" \"Linda,\" \"Twenty Minutes of Reality,\" and \"Up Eel River\" as well as miscellaneous clippings.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Montague, Margaret Prescott, 1878-1955","Baruch, Bernard M. (Bernard Mannes), 1870-1965","Doubleday, Russell, 1872-1949","Gore, Howard M.","Howe, M. A. De Wolfe (Mark Antony De Wolfe), 1864-1960","Lindsay, Vachel, 1879-1931","Morley, Christopher, 1890-1957","Stern, Philip Van Doren, 1900-1984","Tumulty, Joseph P. (Joseph Patrick), 1879-1954","Wilson, Woodrow, 1856-1924","English"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 1110","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/4354"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Margaret Prescott Montague, Author, Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Margaret Prescott Montague, Author, Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Margaret Prescott Montague, Author, Papers"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"creator_ssm":["Montague, Margaret Prescott, 1878-1955"],"creator_ssim":["Montague, Margaret Prescott, 1878-1955"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Montague, Margaret Prescott, 1878-1955"],"creators_ssim":["Montague, Margaret Prescott, 1878-1955"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Authors -- Letters and papers","Diaries and journals.","Poets and poetry.","Religion. SEE ALSO Churches.","Women's history -- 1850-1899","Women's history -- 1900-1929","Women's history -- 1929-1950","Women's history -- 1951-present"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Authors -- Letters and papers","Diaries and journals.","Poets and poetry.","Religion. SEE ALSO Churches.","Women's history -- 1850-1899","Women's history -- 1900-1929","Women's history -- 1929-1950","Women's history -- 1951-present"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["6.5 Linear Feet Summary: 6 ft. 5 3/4 in. (14 document cases, 5 in. each); (3 document cases, 2 1/2 in. each); (1 oversize folder, 1/4 in.)"],"extent_tesim":["6.5 Linear Feet Summary: 6 ft. 5 3/4 in. (14 document cases, 5 in. each); (3 document cases, 2 1/2 in. each); (1 oversize folder, 1/4 in.)"],"date_range_isim":[1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMargaret Prescott Montague was born on November 28, 1878 at \"Oakhurst,\" the Montague homestead near White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia. Of New England parentages, she inherited the cultural milieu of the Back Bay as well as that of the West Virginia highlands. Her early education was undertaken by her parents; in her middle teens she was attending Miss Gussie Daniel's school in Richmond, Virginia. It was Miss Gussie, according to Miss Montague, who \"discovered my small ability.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUnder the influence of the local colorists, Miss Montague turned to the mountain folk of West Virginia for her early novels: \u003ctitle\u003eThe Poet, Miss Kate , and I\u003c/title\u003e (1905), \u003ctitle\u003eThe Sowing of Alderson Cree\u003c/title\u003e (1907), and \u003ctitle\u003eIn Calvert's Valley\u003c/title\u003e (1908). \u003ctitle\u003eLinda\u003c/title\u003e (1912), showed a trend away from the earlier folk literature, oscillating as the novel did between the Back Bay and the back woods. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFrom 1909 on Miss Montague was subject to \"severe physical afflictions\" that left her partially blind and deaf for the rest of her career. Always an intensely religious person, she now sought to find self-realization and truth in Christian mysticism and a philosophy of ennoblement through suffering. These themes marked much of her work after 1915. \u003ctitle\u003eClosed Doors\u003c/title\u003e (1915) was a study of handicapped children at the West Virginia School of the Deaf and Blind. In \"The Lucky Lady\" (1933) Miss Montague asserted that man was still master of his fate and also his handicaps. She recorded her mystical experiences in such articles as \"Twenty Minutes of Reality\" (1916) and \"Leaves from a Secret Journal'' (1926) written under the nome de plume of Jane Steger. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFrom 1915 she turned more and more to the shorter forms of prose, the short story and essay. She wrote a series of wartime stories, and won the first O. Henry Memorial Prize in 1919 for \"England to America\" which has become an American classic. Her passionate interest in politics, absent in most of her writings, was the moving force of \"Uncle Sam of Freedom Ridge\" (1920), a plea for ratification of the League Covenant. The story was made into a film and became an issue in the presidential election of 1920. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn \u003ctitle\u003eDeep Channel\u003c/title\u003e (1923), her last full length novel, Miss Montague returned to the locale of her earlier novels, yet the book was a more skillful and sophisticated work, closely tied to the new literature of the 1920s and, in the words of Professor Stuart P. Sherman, \"animated by the passion for self-realization.\" In a lighter vein were the legendary exploits of Tony Beaver, the Paul Bunyan of West Virginia, which Miss Montague published as a collection of short stories in \u003ctitle\u003eUp Eel River\u003c/title\u003e (1928). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhile the author continued writing short stories, essays, poetry, and completed a long unpublished novel in the 1930s, her didactic writings had been part of a world less harsh and irrational than that the United States of the depression decade. Her works now belong to a passing era. Nevertheless, she was active with her pen almost until the time of her death in Richmond, Virginia on September 26, 1955.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Margaret Prescott Montague was born on November 28, 1878 at \"Oakhurst,\" the Montague homestead near White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia. Of New England parentages, she inherited the cultural milieu of the Back Bay as well as that of the West Virginia highlands. Her early education was undertaken by her parents; in her middle teens she was attending Miss Gussie Daniel's school in Richmond, Virginia. It was Miss Gussie, according to Miss Montague, who \"discovered my small ability.\" ","Under the influence of the local colorists, Miss Montague turned to the mountain folk of West Virginia for her early novels:  The Poet, Miss Kate , and I  (1905),  The Sowing of Alderson Cree  (1907), and  In Calvert's Valley  (1908).  Linda  (1912), showed a trend away from the earlier folk literature, oscillating as the novel did between the Back Bay and the back woods. ","From 1909 on Miss Montague was subject to \"severe physical afflictions\" that left her partially blind and deaf for the rest of her career. Always an intensely religious person, she now sought to find self-realization and truth in Christian mysticism and a philosophy of ennoblement through suffering. These themes marked much of her work after 1915.  Closed Doors  (1915) was a study of handicapped children at the West Virginia School of the Deaf and Blind. In \"The Lucky Lady\" (1933) Miss Montague asserted that man was still master of his fate and also his handicaps. She recorded her mystical experiences in such articles as \"Twenty Minutes of Reality\" (1916) and \"Leaves from a Secret Journal'' (1926) written under the nome de plume of Jane Steger. ","From 1915 she turned more and more to the shorter forms of prose, the short story and essay. She wrote a series of wartime stories, and won the first O. Henry Memorial Prize in 1919 for \"England to America\" which has become an American classic. Her passionate interest in politics, absent in most of her writings, was the moving force of \"Uncle Sam of Freedom Ridge\" (1920), a plea for ratification of the League Covenant. The story was made into a film and became an issue in the presidential election of 1920. ","In  Deep Channel  (1923), her last full length novel, Miss Montague returned to the locale of her earlier novels, yet the book was a more skillful and sophisticated work, closely tied to the new literature of the 1920s and, in the words of Professor Stuart P. Sherman, \"animated by the passion for self-realization.\" In a lighter vein were the legendary exploits of Tony Beaver, the Paul Bunyan of West Virginia, which Miss Montague published as a collection of short stories in  Up Eel River  (1928). ","While the author continued writing short stories, essays, poetry, and completed a long unpublished novel in the 1930s, her didactic writings had been part of a world less harsh and irrational than that the United States of the depression decade. Her works now belong to a passing era. Nevertheless, she was active with her pen almost until the time of her death in Richmond, Virginia on September 26, 1955."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Margaret Prescott Montague, Author, Papers, A\u0026amp;M 1110, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Margaret Prescott Montague, Author, Papers, A\u0026M 1110, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn September 2018, A\u0026amp;M 1152 and 1169 were formally merged into this collection. The former custodian of this collection had donated A\u0026amp;M 1152 and 1169 the year following the donation of A\u0026amp;M 1110, likely with the intention of adding them to the first collection. Previous processors had already interfiled 1152 and 1169 into this collection and described the three collections as one. When reprocessing this collection, we tried to maintain the original intellectual arrangement as best we could. The note from the original paper finding aid is as follows:\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nThe Montague papers were presented to the West Virginia Collection by the author's brother, the Reverend Cary Montague of Richmond, Virginia. Miss Ellen Lee Ball had custody of the papers from 1955 to 1958 and spent much time and effort in arranging and annotating the collection. Further processing and cataloging has been done by the staff of the West Virginia Collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In September 2018, A\u0026M 1152 and 1169 were formally merged into this collection. The former custodian of this collection had donated A\u0026M 1152 and 1169 the year following the donation of A\u0026M 1110, likely with the intention of adding them to the first collection. Previous processors had already interfiled 1152 and 1169 into this collection and described the three collections as one. When reprocessing this collection, we tried to maintain the original intellectual arrangement as best we could. The note from the original paper finding aid is as follows: \nThe Montague papers were presented to the West Virginia Collection by the author's brother, the Reverend Cary Montague of Richmond, Virginia. Miss Ellen Lee Ball had custody of the papers from 1955 to 1958 and spent much time and effort in arranging and annotating the collection. Further processing and cataloging has been done by the staff of the West Virginia Collection."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e582, 1110, 1348, 2218\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related A\u0026M Collections"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["582, 1110, 1348, 2218"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, manuscripts, notes and notebooks, diaries, press clippings, photographs, and printed material of a West Virginia essayist, short-story writer, poet and novelist, who won the first O. Henry Memorial Prize in 1919 for her short story, \"England to America.\" The papers include correspondence from editors, publishers, agents and critics; readers' correspondence; family letters; manuscripts of short stories and other works; outlines, plots, and drafts; and diaries and notebooks primarily concerned with religious meditation, Christian mysticism, and Miss Montague's concept of human ennoblement through suffering. Correspondents include Bernard Baruch, Russell Doubleday, Howard M. Gore, M.A. DeWolfe Howe, Vachel Lindsay, Christopher Morley, Philip Van Doren Stern, Joseph P. Tumulty, and Woodrow Wilson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes correspondence from editors, publishers, agents, and critics; readers; general correspondence; and correspondence from Montague herself.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents include Abingdon-Cokesbury Press, American Foundation for the Blind, The American Red Cross, Mary Asquith, Atlantic Monthly.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents include Baker and Taylor Company; Katharine N. Birdsall; Brentano's; Charles Wakefield Cadman; Frederich H. Chase; Christian Observer; Robert Collier, Inc.; Crowell Publishing Company; Daniels Studios; A. Mervyn Davies; Doubleday, Doran and Company; Doubleday, Page and Company; E.P. Dutton and Company; The Exposition Press.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents include Baker and Taylor Company; Katharine N. Birdsall; Brentano's; Charles Wakefield Cadman; Frederich H. Chase; Christian Observer; Robert Collier, Inc.; Crowell Publishing Company; Daniels Studios; A. Mervyn Davies; Doubleday, Doran and Company; Doubleday, Page and Company; E.P. Dutton and Company; The Exposition Press.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents include The Form; Goldwin Pictures Corporation; Harper and Brothers; Harper's Bazaar; Harper's Magazine; Houghton Mifflin Company; Jefferson Jones; The Ladies Home Journal. Christopher Morley; Liberty; Library of Congress; Little, Brown Company; C.R. Maculey Photoplays, Inc.; The MacMillian Company; Frank A. Munsey Company.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents include National Broadcasting Company; The North American Review; The Outlook Company. Lawrence F. Abbott; Felix Orman; Paget Literary Agency; Pocket Books, Inc.; Board of Christian Education, Presbyterian Church, USA; Reader's Digest; Charles I. Reid; Paul R. Reynolds; Saturday Review of Literature. Henry S. Canby; Robert Haven Schauffler; Henry Staton; The Steck Company; Service for Authors, Inc.; The Trend; Toronto Star Weekly; The Volta Review; Walt Disney Productions, Lts.; The Yale Review. Henry S. Canby; The West Virginia Review.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents include Oscar Cargill, Edgar White Burrell, Russell Doubleday, Meredith Page, Ellery Sedgwick, Philip Van Doren Stern.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlso includes publishers correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents include\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nDr. E. A. Alderman\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nMary Antin\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nIrving Bacheller\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nBernard M. Baruch\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nGamaliel Bradford\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nMilledge L. Bonham\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nGlenn Clark\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nFrederick Perry Fish\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nM.A. DeWolfe Howe\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nBasil King\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nMary Johnson\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nRufus M. Jones\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nHoward M. Gore\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nGardiner Martin Lane \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nVachel Lindsay \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nEdward W. Osborne \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nMargaret Dreier Robins \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nLaura E. Richards \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nStuart Pratt Sherman \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nJoseph P. Tumulty \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nJames Southall Wilson \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nWoodrow Wilson \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSimon Wolf \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nDr. Elwood Worcester \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nOwen D. Young \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSir. Francis Younghusband\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents include\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nDr. E. A. Alderman\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nMary Antin\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nIrving Bacheller\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nBernard M. Baruch\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nGamaliel Bradford\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nMilledge L. Bonham\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nGlenn Clark\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nFrederick Perry Fish\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nM.A. DeWolfe Howe\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nBasil King\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nMary Johnson\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nRufus M. Jones\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nHoward M. Gore\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nGardiner Martin Lane \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nVachel Lindsay \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nEdward W. Osborne \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nMargaret Dreier Robins \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nLaura E. Richards \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nStuart Pratt Sherman \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nJoseph P. Tumulty \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nJames Southall Wilson \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nWoodrow Wilson \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSimon Wolf \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nDr. Elwood Worcester \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nOwen D. Young \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSir. Francis Younghusband\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMany of the letters are written to family. This folder was originally part of A\u0026amp;M 1152.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMany of the letters are written to family. This folder was originally part of A\u0026amp;M 1152.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSome of these letters were written while on her European tour.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes drafts (typescripts and manuscripts), published works, and various notes. Works include short stories, articles, essays, plays, poetry, and a novel. Also includes a few folders of publications by other people that Montague may have used for inspiration.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMostly typescripts of short stories, some with annotations.  Stories include:\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n  \"Altars of Earth\"\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n  \"At the Fall of the Year\"\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n  \"The Baby Angel\"\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n  \"The Battlefield\"\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n  \"The Benefit of the Doubt\"\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n  \"Big Music\"\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n  \"Blue Silk and Gingham Apron\" (1st page)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n  \"The Cloak of Dreams\"\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n  \"Cock Crow\"\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n  \"Concerning the Mystery\"\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n  \"The Dark Tower\"\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n  \"Fine Growing Weather\" and \"Nice Growin Weather\"\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n  \"The First Breakfast \"\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n  \"In the Grip of John Hamilton\"\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n  \"A Good Bargain\"\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n  \"Grand Rough Old Martin Luther\"\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n  \"The Great Sleep Tanks\"\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n  \"The Kiss at Large\"\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n  \"The Last Tenth\"\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n  \"The Lucky Lady\"\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n  \"North Plays South\"\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n  \"Portrait of a Saint\"\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n  \"Pretty Gal\"\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n  \"The Squirt Gun\"\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n  \"The Storm in the Mountains\"\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n  \"The Third Rail\"\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n  \"To the Unknown People\"\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n  \"The Troubles of Tipsy Turpentine\"\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n  \"Victory of Dorothy Ellis\"\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n  \"Visitors from the Air\"\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n  \"The Ways of Providence\"\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n  \"What Trouble Is\"\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n  \"The Word\"\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n  \"A Yard of Nonsense\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMostly typescript drafts of articles and other prose writings, some with annotations. Includes:\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n   Acquiring a Social Conscience\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n   At the Long Last\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n   Baby and the Steam Shovel\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n   Blue Birds for the Blind\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n   Christians and Criminals\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n   The Closing of the Doors\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n   The Danger in Gardens\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n   Deliverance \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n   A Dinner of Herbs\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n   Do They Bite You\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n   Dog's Eye View\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n   The Doll-Baby Dresses\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n   A Farewell and a Message\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n   A Fugitive Seeks Sanctuary\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n   The Game\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n   The Girl and the Mountains\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n   God and a Few Souls\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n   The Great Awakener\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n   The Ground of Thy Beseeching\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n   The Hidden Flame\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n   Home to Him's Muvver\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n   The Hungry House\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n   John Bull at His Window\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n   Lee's Old Gray Nag\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n   Let the People Praise Thee, O God\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n   Lion-In-The-Conversation\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n   The Night After Christmas\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n   An Offering of Worship\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n   An Open Letter to All the School Children in the United States\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n   Papa in Soap \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n   Pictures of Englishman\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n   Pioneers of Silence\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n   In Praise of Machines\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n   Prayer for the World\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n   The Rally For Death\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n   Shingles from an Old Roof\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n   Sister Water\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n   Squints\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n   Some Lesser Loves\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n   Tangier\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n   Thoughts\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n   Time for Immemorial to Seek the Rest Cure\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n   Time Dispatch (Richmond), Letter to the Editor\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n   To the Women of America\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n   A Tribute of Praise\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n   Waifie\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n   When Gold May Lose its Glamour\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n   When Nature Takes the Lid Off\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n   The Women's Moment\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTypescript drafts of \"The Spell,\" \"For the Fighting Men,\" and \"Gold\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a variety of notes and drafts of poetry.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMostly typescripts, some with annotations. One folder contains material that may have originally been part of A\u0026amp;M 1152.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo typescripts of unpublished novel, \u003ctitle\u003eThe Answer,\u003c/title\u003e (also called \u003ctitle\u003eLife and Hands\u003c/title\u003e?) with publishers critiques and rejection notices.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes outlines, plots, and drafts of short stories and essays, novels, plays, and miscellaneous works.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes outlines, plots, and drafts of short stories and essays, including:\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n The Answer Is…\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n Beauty of the Earth\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n Belief in Billy\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n Brains, Brawn, and Something More\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n Catching Stride with One's Self\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n The Christmas Gift\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n Closed Doors\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n Danger in Gardens\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n The Dogwood Road\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n The Door Keeper\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n Drifts of Opinion on the Colour Question\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n Ecstasy\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n Education for Life\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n The Engagement \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n Fiction and New York\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n Fire\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n For Age on Age \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n For France\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n The Forgiveness of Sins\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n The Gate of Life and other Ann Eversole stories\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n The Gift \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n The Gift of Herself\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n A Good Bedside Manner\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n Great Adventure\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n Hidden Portals\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n The Hound of Heaven\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n I Must Confess\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n The Impending Fate\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n The Inexorable Master\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n The Intoxication of Danger\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n The King's Letter\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n The Lady Agriculturist\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n Leaves From a Secrete Journal\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n Let's Save the World\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n The Little Comrade\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n Looking at Life\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n The Lost Love\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n Loving His Brother\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n The Millions Inherit Kitty\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n A Million Little Colorless Women\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n The Negro Sense of Humor\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n O Muse!\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n O Theophilus\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n On Brick Walls\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n On the Lack of Fairness in the American Nation\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n On Flowers\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n On Saying Sara\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n On Voyages of Discovery\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n Once I Was A Water Lilly\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n Out Burst\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n The Old Man of the Sea\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n The Other Truth\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n The Pulse of the World\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n Salvation for the Magazines\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n The Seeing Eye\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n Studies on Loneliness \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n Temper or Temperature\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n This is the Day\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n The Three Swords\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n Thus Spake Zarathustra\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n To Miss Mary Jefferies\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n To Recommend Edward Imagination\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n The Most Unforgettable Person I Ever Knew [Twenty Minutes of Reality?]\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n Understanding Algernon\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n The Unexpectedness of God\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n Up Eel River\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n The Victoria\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n A Travel Story\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n Wings of the Morning\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n White Hollyhock\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes outlines and plots for the following novels:\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nA Call for Volunteers\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nThe Alabaster Box\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nThe Builder\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nThe Curse\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nMoney\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes outlines, notes, and drafts for the following plays:\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nElizabeth\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nHome\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nThe Spell\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes notes, plots, etc. on unidentified works as well as notes on writing.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes diaries and notebooks, which include religious meditations and observations, drafts of works and notes about her work, correspondence, and more: \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n  Box 10. \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n   Diary, 1906, 1927\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n   Diary, 1907 (account of a trip to Europe)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n   Diary, 1917, 1925-1927 (record of personal income, charities, household accounts, writing and manuscripts submitted for publication)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n   Diary, Etc., 1927, 1928, 1929, 1942 (also portions of a play, Awake)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n   Diary, 1929-1933\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n   Diary, Meditation, 1929\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n   Guidance record, 1929\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n   Diary, 1935-1938, 1944\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n   Diary, 1936-1940\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n  Box 11:\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n   Diary, A Tapestry of Thought, 1908-1912, 1915-1925 (portions published as \"Leaves from a Secrete Journal\")\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n   Diary, A Book of Pleasant Things, 1947-1948 (essays and reminiscences)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n   Diary, 1910-1915 (manuscripts sent to publishers), 1927 (religious meditations)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n   Notebook, 1908 (notes and plots)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n   Notebook, undated (notes, plots, and accounts)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n   Notebook, undated (Biblical and religious quotations)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n   Notebook undated (notes on the blind)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n   Note pads, 2 vols (notes, poetry and letters)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n   Notes for lectures, 1927\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n  Box 17:\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n   Diary with notes on flowers\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n   \"Diary\" of verse and miscellaneous notes\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n   Booklet, \"A Happy New Year\" (originally from A\u0026amp;M 1169)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n   Notebook, undated\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n   Notebook, undated\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n   Miscellaneous Notes\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes essays, notes, and outlines on handicaps, death, fear, nerves, the philosophy of suffering, and Montague's attitude toward suffering.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes published articles, poetry, short stories, etc., materials advertising Montague's works, and inspirational publications.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes published articles, poetry, short stories, etc. appearing in newspapers, journals, magazines, etc., as well as material advertising \"The Lucky Lady,\" \"Up Eel River,\" \"Deep Channel,\" and the film version of \"Uncle Sam of Freedom Ridge.\" Also includes the short version of \"Twenty Minutes of Reality\" along with a complete but unbound copy of the book version. (A second, incomplete unbound copy of \"Twenty Minutes of Reality\" will be housed with the Rare Book Librarian for use as a teaching tool.)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes pamphlets, booklets, etc. mostly on religious and psychological subjects.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes oversize clippings from magazines and newspapers that contain published works. Also includes sheet music for \"The Christmas Street\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePress clippings (mostly from newspapers) and biographical information. Includes two clipping scrapbooks, for \"The Poet, Miss Kate, and I\" and \"In Calvert's Valley.\" Also includes folders of clippings for \"Uncle Sam of Freedom Ridge,\" \"Closed Doors,\" \"Deep Channel,\" \"England to America,\" \"Home to Him's Muvver,\" \"Linda,\" \"Twenty Minutes of Reality,\" and \"Up Eel River\" as well as miscellaneous clippings.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Correspondence, manuscripts, notes and notebooks, diaries, press clippings, photographs, and printed material of a West Virginia essayist, short-story writer, poet and novelist, who won the first O. Henry Memorial Prize in 1919 for her short story, \"England to America.\" The papers include correspondence from editors, publishers, agents and critics; readers' correspondence; family letters; manuscripts of short stories and other works; outlines, plots, and drafts; and diaries and notebooks primarily concerned with religious meditation, Christian mysticism, and Miss Montague's concept of human ennoblement through suffering. Correspondents include Bernard Baruch, Russell Doubleday, Howard M. Gore, M.A. DeWolfe Howe, Vachel Lindsay, Christopher Morley, Philip Van Doren Stern, Joseph P. Tumulty, and Woodrow Wilson.","Includes correspondence from editors, publishers, agents, and critics; readers; general correspondence; and correspondence from Montague herself.","Correspondents include Abingdon-Cokesbury Press, American Foundation for the Blind, The American Red Cross, Mary Asquith, Atlantic Monthly.","Correspondents include Baker and Taylor Company; Katharine N. Birdsall; Brentano's; Charles Wakefield Cadman; Frederich H. Chase; Christian Observer; Robert Collier, Inc.; Crowell Publishing Company; Daniels Studios; A. Mervyn Davies; Doubleday, Doran and Company; Doubleday, Page and Company; E.P. Dutton and Company; The Exposition Press.","Correspondents include Baker and Taylor Company; Katharine N. Birdsall; Brentano's; Charles Wakefield Cadman; Frederich H. Chase; Christian Observer; Robert Collier, Inc.; Crowell Publishing Company; Daniels Studios; A. Mervyn Davies; Doubleday, Doran and Company; Doubleday, Page and Company; E.P. Dutton and Company; The Exposition Press.","Correspondents include The Form; Goldwin Pictures Corporation; Harper and Brothers; Harper's Bazaar; Harper's Magazine; Houghton Mifflin Company; Jefferson Jones; The Ladies Home Journal. Christopher Morley; Liberty; Library of Congress; Little, Brown Company; C.R. Maculey Photoplays, Inc.; The MacMillian Company; Frank A. Munsey Company.","Correspondents include National Broadcasting Company; The North American Review; The Outlook Company. Lawrence F. Abbott; Felix Orman; Paget Literary Agency; Pocket Books, Inc.; Board of Christian Education, Presbyterian Church, USA; Reader's Digest; Charles I. Reid; Paul R. Reynolds; Saturday Review of Literature. Henry S. Canby; Robert Haven Schauffler; Henry Staton; The Steck Company; Service for Authors, Inc.; The Trend; Toronto Star Weekly; The Volta Review; Walt Disney Productions, Lts.; The Yale Review. Henry S. Canby; The West Virginia Review.","Correspondents include Oscar Cargill, Edgar White Burrell, Russell Doubleday, Meredith Page, Ellery Sedgwick, Philip Van Doren Stern.","Also includes publishers correspondence.","Correspondents include \nDr. E. A. Alderman \nMary Antin \nIrving Bacheller \nBernard M. Baruch \nGamaliel Bradford \nMilledge L. Bonham \nGlenn Clark \nFrederick Perry Fish \nM.A. DeWolfe Howe \nBasil King \nMary Johnson \nRufus M. Jones \nHoward M. Gore \nGardiner Martin Lane  \nVachel Lindsay  \nEdward W. Osborne  \nMargaret Dreier Robins  \nLaura E. Richards  \nStuart Pratt Sherman  \nJoseph P. Tumulty  \nJames Southall Wilson  \nWoodrow Wilson  \nSimon Wolf  \nDr. Elwood Worcester  \nOwen D. Young  \nSir. Francis Younghusband","Correspondents include \nDr. E. A. Alderman \nMary Antin \nIrving Bacheller \nBernard M. Baruch \nGamaliel Bradford \nMilledge L. Bonham \nGlenn Clark \nFrederick Perry Fish \nM.A. DeWolfe Howe \nBasil King \nMary Johnson \nRufus M. Jones \nHoward M. Gore \nGardiner Martin Lane  \nVachel Lindsay  \nEdward W. Osborne  \nMargaret Dreier Robins  \nLaura E. Richards  \nStuart Pratt Sherman  \nJoseph P. Tumulty  \nJames Southall Wilson  \nWoodrow Wilson  \nSimon Wolf  \nDr. Elwood Worcester  \nOwen D. Young  \nSir. Francis Younghusband","Many of the letters are written to family. This folder was originally part of A\u0026M 1152.","Many of the letters are written to family. This folder was originally part of A\u0026M 1152.","Some of these letters were written while on her European tour.","Includes drafts (typescripts and manuscripts), published works, and various notes. Works include short stories, articles, essays, plays, poetry, and a novel. Also includes a few folders of publications by other people that Montague may have used for inspiration.","Mostly typescripts of short stories, some with annotations.  Stories include: \n  \"Altars of Earth\" \n  \"At the Fall of the Year\" \n  \"The Baby Angel\" \n  \"The Battlefield\" \n  \"The Benefit of the Doubt\" \n  \"Big Music\" \n  \"Blue Silk and Gingham Apron\" (1st page) \n  \"The Cloak of Dreams\" \n  \"Cock Crow\" \n  \"Concerning the Mystery\" \n  \"The Dark Tower\" \n  \"Fine Growing Weather\" and \"Nice Growin Weather\" \n  \"The First Breakfast \" \n  \"In the Grip of John Hamilton\" \n  \"A Good Bargain\" \n  \"Grand Rough Old Martin Luther\" \n  \"The Great Sleep Tanks\" \n  \"The Kiss at Large\" \n  \"The Last Tenth\" \n  \"The Lucky Lady\" \n  \"North Plays South\" \n  \"Portrait of a Saint\" \n  \"Pretty Gal\" \n  \"The Squirt Gun\" \n  \"The Storm in the Mountains\" \n  \"The Third Rail\" \n  \"To the Unknown People\" \n  \"The Troubles of Tipsy Turpentine\" \n  \"Victory of Dorothy Ellis\" \n  \"Visitors from the Air\" \n  \"The Ways of Providence\" \n  \"What Trouble Is\" \n  \"The Word\" \n  \"A Yard of Nonsense\"","Mostly typescript drafts of articles and other prose writings, some with annotations. Includes: \n   Acquiring a Social Conscience \n   At the Long Last \n   Baby and the Steam Shovel \n   Blue Birds for the Blind \n   Christians and Criminals \n   The Closing of the Doors \n   The Danger in Gardens \n   Deliverance  \n   A Dinner of Herbs \n   Do They Bite You \n   Dog's Eye View \n   The Doll-Baby Dresses \n   A Farewell and a Message \n   A Fugitive Seeks Sanctuary \n   The Game \n   The Girl and the Mountains \n   God and a Few Souls \n   The Great Awakener \n   The Ground of Thy Beseeching \n   The Hidden Flame \n   Home to Him's Muvver \n   The Hungry House \n   John Bull at His Window \n   Lee's Old Gray Nag \n   Let the People Praise Thee, O God \n   Lion-In-The-Conversation \n   The Night After Christmas \n   An Offering of Worship \n   An Open Letter to All the School Children in the United States \n   Papa in Soap  \n   Pictures of Englishman \n   Pioneers of Silence \n   In Praise of Machines \n   Prayer for the World \n   The Rally For Death \n   Shingles from an Old Roof \n   Sister Water \n   Squints \n   Some Lesser Loves \n   Tangier \n   Thoughts \n   Time for Immemorial to Seek the Rest Cure \n   Time Dispatch (Richmond), Letter to the Editor \n   To the Women of America \n   A Tribute of Praise \n   Waifie \n   When Gold May Lose its Glamour \n   When Nature Takes the Lid Off \n   The Women's Moment","Typescript drafts of \"The Spell,\" \"For the Fighting Men,\" and \"Gold\"","Includes a variety of notes and drafts of poetry.","Mostly typescripts, some with annotations. One folder contains material that may have originally been part of A\u0026M 1152.","Two typescripts of unpublished novel,  The Answer,  (also called  Life and Hands ?) with publishers critiques and rejection notices.","Includes outlines, plots, and drafts of short stories and essays, novels, plays, and miscellaneous works.","Includes outlines, plots, and drafts of short stories and essays, including: \n The Answer Is… \n Beauty of the Earth \n Belief in Billy \n Brains, Brawn, and Something More \n Catching Stride with One's Self \n The Christmas Gift \n Closed Doors \n Danger in Gardens \n The Dogwood Road \n The Door Keeper \n Drifts of Opinion on the Colour Question \n Ecstasy \n Education for Life \n The Engagement  \n Fiction and New York \n Fire \n For Age on Age  \n For France \n The Forgiveness of Sins \n The Gate of Life and other Ann Eversole stories \n The Gift  \n The Gift of Herself \n A Good Bedside Manner \n Great Adventure \n Hidden Portals \n The Hound of Heaven \n I Must Confess \n The Impending Fate \n The Inexorable Master \n The Intoxication of Danger \n The King's Letter \n The Lady Agriculturist \n Leaves From a Secrete Journal \n Let's Save the World \n The Little Comrade \n Looking at Life \n The Lost Love \n Loving His Brother \n The Millions Inherit Kitty \n A Million Little Colorless Women \n The Negro Sense of Humor \n O Muse! \n O Theophilus \n On Brick Walls \n On the Lack of Fairness in the American Nation \n On Flowers \n On Saying Sara \n On Voyages of Discovery \n Once I Was A Water Lilly \n Out Burst \n The Old Man of the Sea \n The Other Truth \n The Pulse of the World \n Salvation for the Magazines \n The Seeing Eye \n Studies on Loneliness  \n Temper or Temperature \n This is the Day \n The Three Swords \n Thus Spake Zarathustra \n To Miss Mary Jefferies \n To Recommend Edward Imagination \n The Most Unforgettable Person I Ever Knew [Twenty Minutes of Reality?] \n Understanding Algernon \n The Unexpectedness of God \n Up Eel River \n The Victoria \n A Travel Story \n Wings of the Morning \n White Hollyhock","Includes outlines and plots for the following novels: \nA Call for Volunteers \nThe Alabaster Box \nThe Builder \nThe Curse \nMoney","Includes outlines, notes, and drafts for the following plays: \nElizabeth \nHome \nThe Spell","Includes notes, plots, etc. on unidentified works as well as notes on writing.","Includes diaries and notebooks, which include religious meditations and observations, drafts of works and notes about her work, correspondence, and more:  \n  Box 10.  \n   Diary, 1906, 1927 \n   Diary, 1907 (account of a trip to Europe) \n   Diary, 1917, 1925-1927 (record of personal income, charities, household accounts, writing and manuscripts submitted for publication) \n   Diary, Etc., 1927, 1928, 1929, 1942 (also portions of a play, Awake) \n   Diary, 1929-1933 \n   Diary, Meditation, 1929 \n   Guidance record, 1929 \n   Diary, 1935-1938, 1944 \n   Diary, 1936-1940 \n  Box 11: \n   Diary, A Tapestry of Thought, 1908-1912, 1915-1925 (portions published as \"Leaves from a Secrete Journal\") \n   Diary, A Book of Pleasant Things, 1947-1948 (essays and reminiscences) \n   Diary, 1910-1915 (manuscripts sent to publishers), 1927 (religious meditations) \n   Notebook, 1908 (notes and plots) \n   Notebook, undated (notes, plots, and accounts) \n   Notebook, undated (Biblical and religious quotations) \n   Notebook undated (notes on the blind) \n   Note pads, 2 vols (notes, poetry and letters) \n   Notes for lectures, 1927 \n  Box 17: \n   Diary with notes on flowers \n   \"Diary\" of verse and miscellaneous notes \n   Booklet, \"A Happy New Year\" (originally from A\u0026M 1169) \n   Notebook, undated \n   Notebook, undated \n   Miscellaneous Notes","Includes essays, notes, and outlines on handicaps, death, fear, nerves, the philosophy of suffering, and Montague's attitude toward suffering.","Includes published articles, poetry, short stories, etc., materials advertising Montague's works, and inspirational publications.","Includes published articles, poetry, short stories, etc. appearing in newspapers, journals, magazines, etc., as well as material advertising \"The Lucky Lady,\" \"Up Eel River,\" \"Deep Channel,\" and the film version of \"Uncle Sam of Freedom Ridge.\" Also includes the short version of \"Twenty Minutes of Reality\" along with a complete but unbound copy of the book version. (A second, incomplete unbound copy of \"Twenty Minutes of Reality\" will be housed with the Rare Book Librarian for use as a teaching tool.)","Includes pamphlets, booklets, etc. mostly on religious and psychological subjects.","Includes oversize clippings from magazines and newspapers that contain published works. Also includes sheet music for \"The Christmas Street\"","Press clippings (mostly from newspapers) and biographical information. Includes two clipping scrapbooks, for \"The Poet, Miss Kate, and I\" and \"In Calvert's Valley.\" Also includes folders of clippings for \"Uncle Sam of Freedom Ridge,\" \"Closed Doors,\" \"Deep Channel,\" \"England to America,\" \"Home to Him's Muvver,\" \"Linda,\" \"Twenty Minutes of Reality,\" and \"Up Eel River\" as well as miscellaneous clippings."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_8b42e6de2210918dc1ac2b4ded264e77\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Montague, Margaret Prescott, 1878-1955","Baruch, Bernard M. (Bernard Mannes), 1870-1965","Doubleday, Russell, 1872-1949","Gore, Howard M.","Howe, M. A. De Wolfe (Mark Antony De Wolfe), 1864-1960","Lindsay, Vachel, 1879-1931","Morley, Christopher, 1890-1957","Stern, Philip Van Doren, 1900-1984","Tumulty, Joseph P. (Joseph Patrick), 1879-1954","Wilson, Woodrow, 1856-1924"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"names_coll_ssim":["Montague, Margaret Prescott, 1878-1955","Baruch, Bernard M. (Bernard Mannes), 1870-1965","Doubleday, Russell, 1872-1949","Gore, Howard M.","Howe, M. A. De Wolfe (Mark Antony De Wolfe), 1864-1960","Lindsay, Vachel, 1879-1931","Morley, Christopher, 1890-1957","Stern, Philip Van Doren, 1900-1984","Tumulty, Joseph P. (Joseph Patrick), 1879-1954","Wilson, Woodrow, 1856-1924"],"persname_ssim":["Montague, Margaret Prescott, 1878-1955","Baruch, Bernard M. (Bernard Mannes), 1870-1965","Doubleday, Russell, 1872-1949","Gore, Howard M.","Howe, M. A. De Wolfe (Mark Antony De Wolfe), 1864-1960","Lindsay, Vachel, 1879-1931","Morley, Christopher, 1890-1957","Stern, Philip Van Doren, 1900-1984","Tumulty, Joseph P. (Joseph Patrick), 1879-1954","Wilson, Woodrow, 1856-1924"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":46,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T01:04:16.472Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4354_c02"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1497_c03","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Writings","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1497_c03#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1497_c03","ref_ssm":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1497_c03"],"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1497_c03","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1497","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1497","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1497","parent_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1497","parent_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1497"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1497"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Sanford Bernell Fenne Papers"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Sanford Bernell Fenne Papers"],"text":["Sanford Bernell Fenne Papers","Writings","box 1","folder 3"],"title_filing_ssi":"Writings","title_ssm":["Writings"],"title_tesim":["Writings"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1926-1965, n.d."],"normalized_date_ssm":["1926/1965"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Writings"],"component_level_isim":[1],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"collection_ssim":["Sanford Bernell Fenne Papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":8,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":3,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"date_range_isim":[1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965],"containers_ssim":["box 1","folder 3"],"_nest_path_":"/components#2","timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:15:46.743Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1497","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1497","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1497","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1497","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1497.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Sanford Bernell Fenne Papers","title_ssm":["Sanford Bernell Fenne Papers"],"title_tesim":["Sanford Bernell Fenne Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1918-1970"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1918-1970"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1987.054"],"text":["Ms.1987.054","Sanford Bernell Fenne Papers","Agriculture -- Brazil","Faculty and staff","Students and alumni","University History","The collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged by material type.","Sanford Bernell \"Chuck\" Fenne was born in Madison, Wisconsin on August 14, 1903, to parents Tollef E. and Anna Vinge Fenne. By 1910, the Fennes had moved to York County, Virginia. Fenne entered Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (VPI; later Virginia Tech) in 1919, but left school after his junior year to manage a dairy farm for two years. He served as an extension agent in Augusta County from 1924 to 1926, then returned to VPI to complete a bachelor's degree in agriculture. Following his 1927 graduation, Fenne married Catherine \"Cay\" Crafton (1906-1997) of Staunton, Virginia. That same year, he was appointed acting Virginia Extension plant pathologist. In this position, Fenne planned and conducted projects relating to the control of various plant diseases. He worked as an extension agent in Washington County from 1928 to 1930.","Fenne earned a master's degree in agriculture at VPI in 1930 and pursued a doctoral degree in plant pathology at Cornell University while working summers as a student assistant at the New York Experiment Station in Geneva. His dissertation remaining unfinished, Fenne was appointed plant pathologist with the USDA's Dutch Elm Eradication Program in White Plains, New York in 1934. He continued working on Dutch elm disease control while serving as superintendent of a Civilian Conservation Corps camp from 1935 to 1937. During the latter half of 1937, Fenne served as assistant county agent for Lancaster County, Virginia, before being appointed extension specialist in plant pathology for the Georgia Extension Service. In 1939, he was appointed Virginia Extension plant pathologist, engaging in various public information programs. In 1943, he was granted a year's leave of absence to serve in the Comissão Brasileiro-Americana a cooperative war emergency food project of the Food Supply Division, Institute of Inter-American Affairs. Chief of Brazil's Region 4, Fenne coordinated the distribution of seeds, farming implements, and monetary loans to the region's farmers and also oversaw cooperative agricultural education programs.","Fenne returned to VPI as project leader in plant pathology in January, 1945. In 1953, he was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. Confined to a wheelchair by 1956, he continued to work, founding the  Plant Disease Newsletter  (later the  Plant Protection Newsletter ), producing several bulletins issued by the Extension Service regarding plant disease, and writing a detailed history of Virginia Extension plant pathology from 1923 to 1957. He retired in 1967, but continued to be active through woodworking and gardening. Sanford B. Fenne died on November 16, 1978.","The guide to the Sanford Bernell Fenne Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Sanford Bernell Fenne Papers commenced and was completed in March 2013.","This collection contains the papers of Sanford Brennel Fenne, a plant pathologist with the Virginia Agricultural Extension Service at Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (VPI; later Virginia Tech) from 1939 to 1967. The collection includes correspondence, writings, personal records, printed materials, photographs, a scrapbook compiled during Fenne's years as a student at VPI, and a photo album compiled during Fenne's year (1943-1944) of cooperative agricultural work in Brazil. ","The small selection of correspondence relates largely to routine personal matters and to details regarding Fenne's career and health. Included is a letter from B. C. Cubbage, VPI's football coach, about team practice sessions and a letter from Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs Nelson Rockefeller, acknowledging Fenne's resignation from the Food Supply Division. Also relating to Fenne's life, health, career, and retirement are separate folders containing an assortment of documents (school records, forms, letters, certificates, and newspaper clippings). Among these are several newspaper clippings about VPI's Plant Disease Clinic. The collection also contains an assortment of Fenne's writings, including his unfinished dissertation and several pieces relating to agriculture in Brazil and Virginia. ","Among the photographs in the collection are several images from Fenne's 1967 retirement, as well as images from his student years at VPI, including class portraits, athletic and other groups, and snapshots. More photos from Fenne's student years may be found in a scrapbook that includes images of cadets on drill, on march, in parade, and in encampment; snowball fights; \"rat parades\" (including two that picture Tek Heung Fung, an early international student from China); campus scenes; and scenes of Blacksburg and the surrounding area, including Blacksburg High School, Mountain Lake, the Huckleberry Railroad, Yellow Sulphur Springs, and Nellie's Cave. The scrapbook also contains such ephemera as school forms, event programs, tickets, and receipts. A large photo album, titled \"1943-1944 Activities of the Comissão Brasileiro-Americana Cera, Piaui, Maranhão, completes the collection and includes photos of Brazilian farms and farmers, as well as personal snapshots.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The papers of Sanford Bernell \"Chuck\" Fenne, a graduate of Virginia Polytechnic Institute (BS, 1927; MS, 1930) and a Virginia Agricultural Extension plant pathologist from 1939 to 1967, includes correspondence, writings, biographical materials, photographs, a VPI scrapbook, and a photo album compiled during a year (1943-1944) spent working in Brazil for the Food Supply Division, Institute of Inter-American Affairs.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station","Fenne, Sanford Bernell, 1903-1978","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1987.054"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Sanford Bernell Fenne Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Sanford Bernell Fenne Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Sanford Bernell Fenne Papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Fenne, Sanford Bernell, 1903-1978"],"creator_ssim":["Fenne, Sanford Bernell, 1903-1978"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Fenne, Sanford Bernell, 1903-1978"],"creators_ssim":["Fenne, Sanford Bernell, 1903-1978"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Sanford Bernell Fenne Papers were donated to Special Collections in 1987, 1990, and 1991."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Agriculture -- Brazil","Faculty and staff","Students and alumni","University History"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Agriculture -- Brazil","Faculty and staff","Students and alumni","University History"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.7 Cubic Feet 3 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["0.7 Cubic Feet 3 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged by material type.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged by material type."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSanford Bernell \"Chuck\" Fenne was born in Madison, Wisconsin on August 14, 1903, to parents Tollef E. and Anna Vinge Fenne. By 1910, the Fennes had moved to York County, Virginia. Fenne entered Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (VPI; later Virginia Tech) in 1919, but left school after his junior year to manage a dairy farm for two years. He served as an extension agent in Augusta County from 1924 to 1926, then returned to VPI to complete a bachelor's degree in agriculture. Following his 1927 graduation, Fenne married Catherine \"Cay\" Crafton (1906-1997) of Staunton, Virginia. That same year, he was appointed acting Virginia Extension plant pathologist. In this position, Fenne planned and conducted projects relating to the control of various plant diseases. He worked as an extension agent in Washington County from 1928 to 1930.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFenne earned a master's degree in agriculture at VPI in 1930 and pursued a doctoral degree in plant pathology at Cornell University while working summers as a student assistant at the New York Experiment Station in Geneva. His dissertation remaining unfinished, Fenne was appointed plant pathologist with the USDA's Dutch Elm Eradication Program in White Plains, New York in 1934. He continued working on Dutch elm disease control while serving as superintendent of a Civilian Conservation Corps camp from 1935 to 1937. During the latter half of 1937, Fenne served as assistant county agent for Lancaster County, Virginia, before being appointed extension specialist in plant pathology for the Georgia Extension Service. In 1939, he was appointed Virginia Extension plant pathologist, engaging in various public information programs. In 1943, he was granted a year's leave of absence to serve in the Comissão Brasileiro-Americana a cooperative war emergency food project of the Food Supply Division, Institute of Inter-American Affairs. Chief of Brazil's Region 4, Fenne coordinated the distribution of seeds, farming implements, and monetary loans to the region's farmers and also oversaw cooperative agricultural education programs.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFenne returned to VPI as project leader in plant pathology in January, 1945. In 1953, he was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. Confined to a wheelchair by 1956, he continued to work, founding the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003ePlant Disease Newsletter\u003c/title\u003e (later the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003ePlant Protection Newsletter\u003c/title\u003e), producing several bulletins issued by the Extension Service regarding plant disease, and writing a detailed history of Virginia Extension plant pathology from 1923 to 1957. He retired in 1967, but continued to be active through woodworking and gardening. Sanford B. Fenne died on November 16, 1978.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Sanford Bernell \"Chuck\" Fenne was born in Madison, Wisconsin on August 14, 1903, to parents Tollef E. and Anna Vinge Fenne. By 1910, the Fennes had moved to York County, Virginia. Fenne entered Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (VPI; later Virginia Tech) in 1919, but left school after his junior year to manage a dairy farm for two years. He served as an extension agent in Augusta County from 1924 to 1926, then returned to VPI to complete a bachelor's degree in agriculture. Following his 1927 graduation, Fenne married Catherine \"Cay\" Crafton (1906-1997) of Staunton, Virginia. That same year, he was appointed acting Virginia Extension plant pathologist. In this position, Fenne planned and conducted projects relating to the control of various plant diseases. He worked as an extension agent in Washington County from 1928 to 1930.","Fenne earned a master's degree in agriculture at VPI in 1930 and pursued a doctoral degree in plant pathology at Cornell University while working summers as a student assistant at the New York Experiment Station in Geneva. His dissertation remaining unfinished, Fenne was appointed plant pathologist with the USDA's Dutch Elm Eradication Program in White Plains, New York in 1934. He continued working on Dutch elm disease control while serving as superintendent of a Civilian Conservation Corps camp from 1935 to 1937. During the latter half of 1937, Fenne served as assistant county agent for Lancaster County, Virginia, before being appointed extension specialist in plant pathology for the Georgia Extension Service. In 1939, he was appointed Virginia Extension plant pathologist, engaging in various public information programs. In 1943, he was granted a year's leave of absence to serve in the Comissão Brasileiro-Americana a cooperative war emergency food project of the Food Supply Division, Institute of Inter-American Affairs. Chief of Brazil's Region 4, Fenne coordinated the distribution of seeds, farming implements, and monetary loans to the region's farmers and also oversaw cooperative agricultural education programs.","Fenne returned to VPI as project leader in plant pathology in January, 1945. In 1953, he was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. Confined to a wheelchair by 1956, he continued to work, founding the  Plant Disease Newsletter  (later the  Plant Protection Newsletter ), producing several bulletins issued by the Extension Service regarding plant disease, and writing a detailed history of Virginia Extension plant pathology from 1923 to 1957. He retired in 1967, but continued to be active through woodworking and gardening. Sanford B. Fenne died on November 16, 1978."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Sanford Bernell Fenne Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Sanford Bernell Fenne Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Sanford Bernell Fenne Papers, 1918-1970, Ms1987-054, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Sanford Bernell Fenne Papers, 1918-1970, Ms1987-054, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Sanford Bernell Fenne Papers commenced and was completed in March 2013.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Sanford Bernell Fenne Papers commenced and was completed in March 2013."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the papers of Sanford Brennel Fenne, a plant pathologist with the Virginia Agricultural Extension Service at Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (VPI; later Virginia Tech) from 1939 to 1967. The collection includes correspondence, writings, personal records, printed materials, photographs, a scrapbook compiled during Fenne's years as a student at VPI, and a photo album compiled during Fenne's year (1943-1944) of cooperative agricultural work in Brazil. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe small selection of correspondence relates largely to routine personal matters and to details regarding Fenne's career and health. Included is a letter from B. C. Cubbage, VPI's football coach, about team practice sessions and a letter from Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs Nelson Rockefeller, acknowledging Fenne's resignation from the Food Supply Division. Also relating to Fenne's life, health, career, and retirement are separate folders containing an assortment of documents (school records, forms, letters, certificates, and newspaper clippings). Among these are several newspaper clippings about VPI's Plant Disease Clinic. The collection also contains an assortment of Fenne's writings, including his unfinished dissertation and several pieces relating to agriculture in Brazil and Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAmong the photographs in the collection are several images from Fenne's 1967 retirement, as well as images from his student years at VPI, including class portraits, athletic and other groups, and snapshots. More photos from Fenne's student years may be found in a scrapbook that includes images of cadets on drill, on march, in parade, and in encampment; snowball fights; \"rat parades\" (including two that picture Tek Heung Fung, an early international student from China); campus scenes; and scenes of Blacksburg and the surrounding area, including Blacksburg High School, Mountain Lake, the Huckleberry Railroad, Yellow Sulphur Springs, and Nellie's Cave. The scrapbook also contains such ephemera as school forms, event programs, tickets, and receipts. A large photo album, titled \"1943-1944 Activities of the Comissão Brasileiro-Americana Cera, Piaui, Maranhão, completes the collection and includes photos of Brazilian farms and farmers, as well as personal snapshots.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains the papers of Sanford Brennel Fenne, a plant pathologist with the Virginia Agricultural Extension Service at Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (VPI; later Virginia Tech) from 1939 to 1967. The collection includes correspondence, writings, personal records, printed materials, photographs, a scrapbook compiled during Fenne's years as a student at VPI, and a photo album compiled during Fenne's year (1943-1944) of cooperative agricultural work in Brazil. ","The small selection of correspondence relates largely to routine personal matters and to details regarding Fenne's career and health. Included is a letter from B. C. Cubbage, VPI's football coach, about team practice sessions and a letter from Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs Nelson Rockefeller, acknowledging Fenne's resignation from the Food Supply Division. Also relating to Fenne's life, health, career, and retirement are separate folders containing an assortment of documents (school records, forms, letters, certificates, and newspaper clippings). Among these are several newspaper clippings about VPI's Plant Disease Clinic. The collection also contains an assortment of Fenne's writings, including his unfinished dissertation and several pieces relating to agriculture in Brazil and Virginia. ","Among the photographs in the collection are several images from Fenne's 1967 retirement, as well as images from his student years at VPI, including class portraits, athletic and other groups, and snapshots. More photos from Fenne's student years may be found in a scrapbook that includes images of cadets on drill, on march, in parade, and in encampment; snowball fights; \"rat parades\" (including two that picture Tek Heung Fung, an early international student from China); campus scenes; and scenes of Blacksburg and the surrounding area, including Blacksburg High School, Mountain Lake, the Huckleberry Railroad, Yellow Sulphur Springs, and Nellie's Cave. The scrapbook also contains such ephemera as school forms, event programs, tickets, and receipts. A large photo album, titled \"1943-1944 Activities of the Comissão Brasileiro-Americana Cera, Piaui, Maranhão, completes the collection and includes photos of Brazilian farms and farmers, as well as personal snapshots."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_adef18c878d57513d084ad0923607e30\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe papers of Sanford Bernell \"Chuck\" Fenne, a graduate of Virginia Polytechnic Institute (BS, 1927; MS, 1930) and a Virginia Agricultural Extension plant pathologist from 1939 to 1967, includes correspondence, writings, biographical materials, photographs, a VPI scrapbook, and a photo album compiled during a year (1943-1944) spent working in Brazil for the Food Supply Division, Institute of Inter-American Affairs.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The papers of Sanford Bernell \"Chuck\" Fenne, a graduate of Virginia Polytechnic Institute (BS, 1927; MS, 1930) and a Virginia Agricultural Extension plant pathologist from 1939 to 1967, includes correspondence, writings, biographical materials, photographs, a VPI scrapbook, and a photo album compiled during a year (1943-1944) spent working in Brazil for the Food Supply Division, Institute of Inter-American Affairs."],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station","Fenne, Sanford Bernell, 1903-1978"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station"],"persname_ssim":["Fenne, Sanford Bernell, 1903-1978"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":15,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:15:46.743Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1497_c03"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria Library","value":"Alexandria Library","hits":269},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1934\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"College of William and Mary","value":"College of William and Mary","hits":4554},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1934\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=College+of+William+and+Mary\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Colonial Williamsburg","value":"Colonial 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