{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1934\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Series\u0026page=15","prev":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1934\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Series\u0026page=14","next":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1934\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Series\u0026page=16","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1934\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Series\u0026page=230"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":15,"next_page":16,"prev_page":14,"total_pages":230,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":140,"total_count":2295,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vilxw_repositories_4_resources_3_c02","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Certificates of Award and Merit, 1895/1953","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_4_resources_3_c02#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_4_resources_3_c02","ref_ssm":["vilxw_repositories_4_resources_3_c02"],"id":"vilxw_repositories_4_resources_3_c02","ead_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_4_resources_3","_root_":"vilxw_repositories_4_resources_3","_nest_parent_":"vilxw_repositories_4_resources_3","parent_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_4_resources_3","parent_ssim":["John W. 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Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections."],"date_range_isim":[1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953],"_nest_path_":"/components#1","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:37:50.581Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxw_repositories_4_resources_3","ead_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_4_resources_3","_root_":"vilxw_repositories_4_resources_3","_nest_parent_":"vilxw_repositories_4_resources_3","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WLU/repositories_4_resources_3.xml","title_ssm":["John W. Davis Collection"],"title_tesim":["John W. Davis Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1888-1953"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1888-1953"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1888/1953"],"normalized_title_ssm":["John W. Davis Collection, 1888/1953"],"text":["John W. Davis Collection, 1888/1953","MS 0011","/repositories/4/resources/3","There are no restrictions on access.","Born in West Virginia in 1873, John William Davis went to         college and law school at Washington and Lee University taking         his LL.B degree in 1895. Having already read law for a year in         his father's office, Davis completed the law degree         requirements in nine months. After practicing for a year in         West Virginia, he accepted a position as the third member of         the expanded law faculty at Washington and Lee. During the         1897 school year, Dean John Randolph Tucker died and Davis had         to take on the additional load of teaching Tucker's classes.         Though tempted to stay on at Washington and Lee under the         leadership of the new president, William L. Wilson, Davis         chose the 'rough \u0026 tumble' of private practice. Two years         later, when Professor Charles Graves left Washington and Lee         to accept a chair at the University of Virginia, he was again         invited to join the permanent faculty. Davis again selected         private practice over teaching. He remained loyal to         Washington and Lee and later served more that two decades on         its board of trustees.         Davis practiced law in Clarksburg from 1897 to 1913. During         this period he was active in West Virginia and national         Democratic politics. He was elected to the West Virginia House         of Delegates in 1899 and, from 1911-1913, he served in the         U.S. Congress. In 1912 he married Ellen G. Bassell. (He had         married Julia McDonald in 1899. She died in childbirth a year         later.) From 1913-1918 he served as U. S. Solicitor general.         In September 1918, Davis was one of the delegates to the         Berne, Switzerland conference on the treatment and exchange of         Prisoner. From 1918 until 1921 he was ambassador to Great         Britain. In 1921 Davis moved from London to New York to become         head of the prominent Wall Street law firm Davis, Polk and         Wardwell. Clients included J. P. Morgan and Company, and U. S.         Steel.         In 1922, the same year he served as president of the         American Bar Association, Davis rejected appointment to the U.         S. Supreme Court. In 1924 he became the Democratic nominee for         president. He waged a conservative, high-minded and losing         campaign against Calvin Coolidge. He left the political arena,         only reemerging briefly in the 1930's as an organizer of the         anti-New Deal Liberty league.         For the rest of his career, he devoted himself to his         private practice. By his death in 1955 he had made 139 oral         arguments before the Supreme Court, at the time a 20th century         record. Davis was honored in his lifetime by fourteen honorary         doctorates. Felix Frankfurter, Learned Hand, and Hugo Black,         among others, deemed him one of the two or three finest         advocates of the century.         Davis' lifelong fidelity to the conservative legal         principles espoused by his father and by the Washington and         Lee law faculty at the time he was a student make for a         seemingly inconsistent record of advocacy. He may be best         remembered for successfully defending the steel industry         against government seizure during the Korean War, and for         unsuccessfully arguing South Carolina's case for maintaining         segregated schools in the school desegregation cases now known         jointly as Brown v. Board of Education. But Davis' second case         as Solicitor General made a strong argument against Oklahoma's         'grandfather clause' excluding blacks from voting (Guinn v.         United States). He spoke in defense of religious liberty in         the 1928 presidential campaign when candidate Al Smith was         attacked because of his Catholicism. In a 1931 pro bono case,         Davis defended a Yale divinity professor in a case (United         States v. Macintosh) that became a leading precedent in the         development of the law of conscientious objection. During the         Cold War, Davis was contemptuous of McCarthyite tactics. He         was involved both in the Alger Hiss case and in preparing the         appeal of J. Robert Oppenheimer to the Atomic Energy         Commission for security clearance.","Related Manuscript Collections               Researchers should note that the bulk of the papers               of John W. Davis are held by Yale University Libraries.               (Washington and Lee University School of Law Library               holds a copy of the microfilm edition of this Yale               collection. The film is housed in the microforms area of               the law library Main Reading Room.) The Special               Collections division of Washington and Lee University               Leyburn Library also holds a small collection of Davis               materials. These include a speech typescript, his               original law license, correspondence and asset               statements. The papers of the parents of John W. Davis,               John J. Davis and Julia McDonald Davis, are held by West               Virginia University.                                       Related Printed Materials: John W. Davis 'Cases               and Points'               Davis' law firm, Davis, Polk \u0026 Wardwell, at an               unrecorded date, donated c. 50 linear feet of court               reports and other printed records of cases in which               Davis participated. These had been specially bound and               titled 'Cases and Points.' A shelf list of these volumes               is available at the repository.","Researchers should note that the bulk of the papers               of John W. Davis are held by Yale University Libraries.               (Washington and Lee University School of Law Library               holds a copy of the microfilm edition of this Yale               collection. The film is housed in the microforms area of               the law library Main Reading Room.) The Special               Collections division of Washington and Lee University               Leyburn Library also holds a small collection of Davis               materials. These include a speech typescript, his               original law license, correspondence and asset               statements. The papers of the parents of John W. Davis,               John J. Davis and Julia McDonald Davis, are held by West               Virginia University.","Related Printed Materials: John W. Davis 'Cases               and Points'               Davis' law firm, Davis, Polk \u0026 Wardwell, at an               unrecorded date, donated c. 50 linear feet of court               reports and other printed records of cases in which               Davis participated. These had been specially bound and               titled 'Cases and Points.' A shelf list of these volumes               is available at the repository.","Twenty one books belonging to John W. Davis were            donated with this material. All of these books are            housed in the law library Rare Book Room. They have not            been entered into the library catalog, but a list of the            titles is available at the repository. Additionally, an            English Staffordshire porcelain figurine of a pair of            birds is on indefinite display in the anteroom to the            Law Librarian's office.","The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections.","Lewis F. Powell Jr. Archives","Davis, John W. (John William)","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["John W. Davis Collection, 1888/1953"],"collection_ssim":["John W. Davis Collection, 1888/1953"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS 0011","/repositories/4/resources/3"],"unitid_tesim":["MS 0011","/repositories/4/resources/3"],"repository_ssm":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"creator_ssm":["Davis, John W. (John William)"],"creator_ssim":["Davis, John W. (John William)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Davis, John W. (John William)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Lewis F. Powell Jr. Archives"],"creators_ssim":["Davis, John W. (John William)","Lewis F. Powell Jr. Archives"],"access_terms_ssm":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Acquisition Information            John W. 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Having already read law for a year in         his father's office, Davis completed the law degree         requirements in nine months. After practicing for a year in         West Virginia, he accepted a position as the third member of         the expanded law faculty at Washington and Lee. During the         1897 school year, Dean John Randolph Tucker died and Davis had         to take on the additional load of teaching Tucker's classes.         Though tempted to stay on at Washington and Lee under the         leadership of the new president, William L. Wilson, Davis         chose the 'rough \u0026 tumble' of private practice. Two years         later, when Professor Charles Graves left Washington and Lee         to accept a chair at the University of Virginia, he was again         invited to join the permanent faculty. Davis again selected         private practice over teaching. He remained loyal to         Washington and Lee and later served more that two decades on         its board of trustees.         Davis practiced law in Clarksburg from 1897 to 1913. During         this period he was active in West Virginia and national         Democratic politics. He was elected to the West Virginia House         of Delegates in 1899 and, from 1911-1913, he served in the         U.S. Congress. In 1912 he married Ellen G. Bassell. (He had         married Julia McDonald in 1899. She died in childbirth a year         later.) From 1913-1918 he served as U. S. Solicitor general.         In September 1918, Davis was one of the delegates to the         Berne, Switzerland conference on the treatment and exchange of         Prisoner. From 1918 until 1921 he was ambassador to Great         Britain. In 1921 Davis moved from London to New York to become         head of the prominent Wall Street law firm Davis, Polk and         Wardwell. Clients included J. P. Morgan and Company, and U. S.         Steel.         In 1922, the same year he served as president of the         American Bar Association, Davis rejected appointment to the U.         S. Supreme Court. In 1924 he became the Democratic nominee for         president. He waged a conservative, high-minded and losing         campaign against Calvin Coolidge. He left the political arena,         only reemerging briefly in the 1930's as an organizer of the         anti-New Deal Liberty league.         For the rest of his career, he devoted himself to his         private practice. By his death in 1955 he had made 139 oral         arguments before the Supreme Court, at the time a 20th century         record. Davis was honored in his lifetime by fourteen honorary         doctorates. Felix Frankfurter, Learned Hand, and Hugo Black,         among others, deemed him one of the two or three finest         advocates of the century.         Davis' lifelong fidelity to the conservative legal         principles espoused by his father and by the Washington and         Lee law faculty at the time he was a student make for a         seemingly inconsistent record of advocacy. He may be best         remembered for successfully defending the steel industry         against government seizure during the Korean War, and for         unsuccessfully arguing South Carolina's case for maintaining         segregated schools in the school desegregation cases now known         jointly as Brown v. Board of Education. But Davis' second case         as Solicitor General made a strong argument against Oklahoma's         'grandfather clause' excluding blacks from voting (Guinn v.         United States). He spoke in defense of religious liberty in         the 1928 presidential campaign when candidate Al Smith was         attacked because of his Catholicism. In a 1931 pro bono case,         Davis defended a Yale divinity professor in a case (United         States v. Macintosh) that became a leading precedent in the         development of the law of conscientious objection. During the         Cold War, Davis was contemptuous of McCarthyite tactics. He         was involved both in the Alger Hiss case and in preparing the         appeal of J. Robert Oppenheimer to the Atomic Energy         Commission for security clearance."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003chead\u003ePreferred Citation\u003c/head\u003e            \u003cp\u003eJohn W. Davis Collection, 1888-1953, Ms 011, Lewis F.            Powell Jr. Archives, Washington and Lee University,            Lexington, VA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["John W. Davis Collection, 1888-1953, Ms 011, Lewis F.            Powell Jr. Archives, Washington and Lee University,            Lexington, VA"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003chead\u003eRelated Materials\u003c/head\u003e            \u003crelatedmaterial\u003e               \u003chead\u003eRelated Manuscript Collections\u003c/head\u003e               \u003cp\u003eResearchers should note that the bulk of the papers               of John W. Davis are held by Yale University Libraries.               (Washington and Lee University School of Law Library               holds a copy of the microfilm edition of this Yale               collection. The film is housed in the microforms area of               the law library Main Reading Room.) The Special               Collections division of Washington and Lee University               Leyburn Library also holds a small collection of Davis               materials. These include a speech typescript, his               original law license, correspondence and asset               statements. 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Davis 'Cases               and Points'               Davis' law firm, Davis, Polk \u0026 Wardwell, at an               unrecorded date, donated c. 50 linear feet of court               reports and other printed records of cases in which               Davis participated. These had been specially bound and               titled 'Cases and Points.' A shelf list of these volumes               is available at the repository.","Researchers should note that the bulk of the papers               of John W. Davis are held by Yale University Libraries.               (Washington and Lee University School of Law Library               holds a copy of the microfilm edition of this Yale               collection. The film is housed in the microforms area of               the law library Main Reading Room.) The Special               Collections division of Washington and Lee University               Leyburn Library also holds a small collection of Davis               materials. These include a speech typescript, his               original law license, correspondence and asset               statements. The papers of the parents of John W. Davis,               John J. Davis and Julia McDonald Davis, are held by West               Virginia University.","Related Printed Materials: John W. Davis 'Cases               and Points'               Davis' law firm, Davis, Polk \u0026 Wardwell, at an               unrecorded date, donated c. 50 linear feet of court               reports and other printed records of cases in which               Davis participated. These had been specially bound and               titled 'Cases and Points.' A shelf list of these volumes               is available at the repository."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003chead\u003eSeparated Materials\u003c/head\u003e            \u003cp\u003eTwenty one books belonging to John W. Davis were            donated with this material. 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Additionally, an            English Staffordshire porcelain figurine of a pair of            birds is on indefinite display in the anteroom to the            Law Librarian's office."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Publication Rights"],"userestrict_tesim":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections."],"corpname_ssim":["Lewis F. Powell Jr. Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Davis, John W. (John William)"],"names_ssim":["Lewis F. Powell Jr. Archives","Davis, John W. 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Though tempted to stay on at Washington and Lee under the         leadership of the new president, William L. Wilson, Davis         chose the 'rough \u0026amp; tumble' of private practice. Two years         later, when Professor Charles Graves left Washington and Lee         to accept a chair at the University of Virginia, he was again         invited to join the permanent faculty. Davis again selected         private practice over teaching. He remained loyal to         Washington and Lee and later served more that two decades on         its board of trustees.\u003c/p\u003e         \u003cp\u003eDavis practiced law in Clarksburg from 1897 to 1913. During         this period he was active in West Virginia and national         Democratic politics. He was elected to the West Virginia House         of Delegates in 1899 and, from 1911-1913, he served in the         U.S. Congress. In 1912 he married Ellen G. Bassell. (He had         married Julia McDonald in 1899. She died in childbirth a year         later.) From 1913-1918 he served as U. S. Solicitor general.         In September 1918, Davis was one of the delegates to the         Berne, Switzerland conference on the treatment and exchange of         Prisoner. From 1918 until 1921 he was ambassador to Great         Britain. In 1921 Davis moved from London to New York to become         head of the prominent Wall Street law firm Davis, Polk and         Wardwell. Clients included J. P. Morgan and Company, and U. S.         Steel.\u003c/p\u003e         \u003cp\u003eIn 1922, the same year he served as president of the         American Bar Association, Davis rejected appointment to the U.         S. Supreme Court. In 1924 he became the Democratic nominee for         president. He waged a conservative, high-minded and losing         campaign against Calvin Coolidge. 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He may be best         remembered for successfully defending the steel industry         against government seizure during the Korean War, and for         unsuccessfully arguing South Carolina's case for maintaining         segregated schools in the school desegregation cases now known         jointly as Brown v. Board of Education. But Davis' second case         as Solicitor General made a strong argument against Oklahoma's         'grandfather clause' excluding blacks from voting (Guinn v.         United States). He spoke in defense of religious liberty in         the 1928 presidential campaign when candidate Al Smith was         attacked because of his Catholicism. In a 1931 pro bono case,         Davis defended a Yale divinity professor in a case (United         States v. Macintosh) that became a leading precedent in the         development of the law of conscientious objection. During the         Cold War, Davis was contemptuous of McCarthyite tactics. He         was involved both in the Alger Hiss case and in preparing the         appeal of J. Robert Oppenheimer to the Atomic Energy         Commission for security clearance.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "]}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_4_resources_3_c02"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9213_c13","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Charlotte County, 1811/1938","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9213_c13#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9213_c13","ref_ssm":["viw_repositories_2_resources_9213_c13"],"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9213_c13","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9213","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9213","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9213","parent_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9213","parent_ssim":["Virginia Counties Collection, 1600/2000, bulk 1730/1890"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viw_repositories_2_resources_9213"],"title_filing_ssi":"Charlotte County","title_ssm":["Charlotte County"],"title_tesim":["Charlotte County"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charlotte County, 1811/1938"],"text":["Charlotte County, 1811/1938","Virginia Counties Collection, 1600/2000, bulk 1730/1890"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Virginia Counties Collection, 1600/2000, bulk 1730/1890"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Virginia Counties Collection, 1600/2000, bulk 1730/1890"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1811/1938"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1811-1938"],"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":103,"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"collection_ssim":["Virginia Counties Collection, 1600/2000, bulk 1730/1890"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":1,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to all researchers. 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The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Reprocessed by Anne Johnson in 2011.","Mss. 39.2 V82ci Virginia Cities Collection, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library","Mss. 65 V82 Virginia Quitrents Collection, 1704-1705, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library","Search specific county names to access other collections that were generated by or generated in these counties, such as account books and family papers.","Artificial collection of papers relating to various counties in the Commonwealth of Virginia.","Includes current West Virginia Counties of Berkeley, Hardy, Jefferson, Morgan, Nicholas and Pendleton because the material was generated when these counties were part of Virginia.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","Virginia. 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Va.)--History","Franklin County (Va.)--History","Frederick County (Va.)--History","General stores--Virginia","Gloucester County (Va.)--History","Grain--Milling--Virginia","Greenbrier County (Va.)--History","Hanover County (Va.)--History","Hardy County (W.Va.)--History","Harrison County (W. Va.)--History","Henrico County (Va.)--History","Indians of North America--Virginia","James City County (Va.)--History","Jury Selection--Virginia","Justices of the peace--Virginia","King George County (Va.)--History","King William County (Va.)--History","King and Queen County (Va.)--History","Land grants--Virginia","Lawyers--Virginia--History","Legal documents","Loudoun County (Va.)--History","Marriage records","Monongalia County (W. Va.)--History--19th century","Morgan County (W.Va.)--History--19th century","Nansemond County (Va.)--History","Nicholas County (W.Va.)--History--Civil War, 1861-1865","Northampton County (Va.)--History","Northumberland County (Va.)--History","Ohio County (W. Va.)--History","Orange County (Va.)--History","Parishes--Virginia","Patents--United States","Pendleton County (W.Va.)--History","Pittsylvania County (Va.)--History","Postal service","Powhatan County (Va.)--History","Presidents--United States--Election","Prince Edward County (Va.)--History","Real property tax","Real property--Virginia","Rockbridge County (Va.)--History","Rockingham County (Va.)--History","Russell County (Va.)--History","Scott County (Va.)--History","Shenandoah County (Va.)--History","Sheriffs--Virginia","Slavery--Virginia--History","Southampton County (Va.)--History","Spotsylvania County (Va.)--History","Surry County (Va.)--History","Sussex County (Va.)--History","Taxation--Virginia--History","Taxation--West Virginia--History","United States--History--War of 1812","Weather--Virginia","Wills","World War, 1914-1918","World War, 1939-1945","Practice of law--Virginia","Advertising cards","Bible records","Booklets","Broadsides","Catalogs","Circulars (fliers)","Correspondence","Daybooks","Deeds","Financial records","Ledgers (Accounting)","Letters (correspondence)","Manuscripts (document genre)","Marriage certificates","Minutes","Newspapers","Pamphlets","Petitions","Photographs","Plat books","Programs","Receipts (financial records)","Surveys (documents)","Tax records","Virginia--Maps","Voters' lists"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["30.00 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["30.00 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Advertising cards","Bible records","Booklets","Broadsides","Catalogs","Circulars (fliers)","Correspondence","Daybooks","Deeds","Financial records","Ledgers (Accounting)","Letters (correspondence)","Manuscripts (document genre)","Marriage certificates","Minutes","Newspapers","Pamphlets","Petitions","Photographs","Plat books","Programs","Receipts (financial records)","Surveys (documents)","Tax records","Virginia--Maps","Voters' lists"],"date_range_isim":[1600,1601,1602,1603,1604,1605,1606,1607,1608,1609,1610,1611,1612,1613,1614,1615,1616,1617,1618,1619,1620,1621,1622,1623,1624,1625,1626,1627,1628,1629,1630,1631,1632,1633,1634,1635,1636,1637,1638,1639,1640,1641,1642,1643,1644,1645,1646,1647,1648,1649,1650,1651,1652,1653,1654,1655,1656,1657,1658,1659,1660,1661,1662,1663,1664,1665,1666,1667,1668,1669,1670,1671,1672,1673,1674,1675,1676,1677,1678,1679,1680,1681,1682,1683,1684,1685,1686,1687,1688,1689,1690,1691,1692,1693,1694,1695,1696,1697,1698,1699,1700,1701,1702,1703,1704,1705,1706,1707,1708,1709,1710,1711,1712,1713,1714,1715,1716,1717,1718,1719,1720,1721,1722,1723,1724,1725,1726,1727,1728,1729,1730,1731,1732,1733,1734,1735,1736,1737,1738,1739,1740,1741,1742,1743,1744,1745,1746,1747,1748,1749,1750,1751,1752,1753,1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVirginia Counties Papers, [County Name], Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Virginia Counties Papers, [County Name], Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eReprocessed by Anne Johnson in 2011.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information:"],"processinfo_tesim":["Reprocessed by Anne Johnson in 2011."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMss. 39.2 V82ci Virginia Cities Collection, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Mss. 65 V82 Virginia Quitrents Collection, 1704-1705, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Search specific county names to access other collections that were generated by or generated in these counties, such as account books and family papers.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials:"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Mss. 39.2 V82ci Virginia Cities Collection, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library","Mss. 65 V82 Virginia Quitrents Collection, 1704-1705, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library","Search specific county names to access other collections that were generated by or generated in these counties, such as account books and family papers."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArtificial collection of papers relating to various counties in the Commonwealth of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Includes current West Virginia Counties of Berkeley, Hardy, Jefferson, Morgan, Nicholas and Pendleton because the material was generated when these counties were part of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Artificial collection of papers relating to various counties in the Commonwealth of Virginia.","Includes current West Virginia Counties of Berkeley, Hardy, Jefferson, Morgan, Nicholas and Pendleton because the material was generated when these counties were part of Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Virginia. General Court"],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia. General Court"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Virginia. General Court"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":488,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T23:04:58.389Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9213_c13"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1693_c03","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Charter books, 1889/1988","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_1693_c03#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe charter books contain bound legal records documenting the creation, alteration, and dissolution of corporations and business partnerships in Charlottesville. These include charters, articles of incorporation, certificates, and statements of change.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_1693_c03#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1693_c03","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_4_resources_1693_c03"],"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1693_c03","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1693","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1693","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1693","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1693","parent_ssim":["Charlottesville Circuit Court records, 1888/1988"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_4_resources_1693"],"title_filing_ssi":"Charter books","title_ssm":["Charter books"],"title_tesim":["Charter books"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charter books, 1889/1988"],"text":["Charter books, 1889/1988","Charlottesville Circuit Court records, 1888/1988","The clerks of the Charlottesville Corporation and Circuit Courts arranged the records in the books chronologically. In this series, the books are also arranged chronologically.","Copies of many of the records in this series were sent to the Virginia State Corporation Commission. The Library of Virginia preserves copies of the Commission's charter books.","The charter books contain bound legal records documenting the creation, alteration, and dissolution of corporations and business partnerships in Charlottesville. These include charters, articles of incorporation, certificates, and statements of change."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Charlottesville Circuit Court records, 1888/1988"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Charlottesville Circuit Court records, 1888/1988"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1889/1988"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1889-1988"],"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":9,"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Charlottesville Circuit Court records, 1888/1988"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":50,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The commitment records in this collection are closed to researchers for 125 years after their creation. There are no access restrictions on the rest of the materials."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The Commonwealth of Virginia may own the intellectual property in some of these records, and there may be restrictions on their reuse and republication."],"date_range_isim":[1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe clerks of the Charlottesville Corporation and Circuit Courts arranged the records in the books chronologically. In this series, the books are also arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The clerks of the Charlottesville Corporation and Circuit Courts arranged the records in the books chronologically. In this series, the books are also arranged chronologically."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopies of many of the records in this series were sent to the Virginia State Corporation Commission. The Library of Virginia preserves copies of the Commission's charter books.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Copies of many of the records in this series were sent to the Virginia State Corporation Commission. The Library of Virginia preserves copies of the Commission's charter books."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe charter books contain bound legal records documenting the creation, alteration, and dissolution of corporations and business partnerships in Charlottesville. These include charters, articles of incorporation, certificates, and statements of change.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The charter books contain bound legal records documenting the creation, alteration, and dissolution of corporations and business partnerships in Charlottesville. These include charters, articles of incorporation, certificates, and statements of change."],"_nest_path_":"/components#2","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:54:27.406Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1693","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1693","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1693","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1693","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_4_resources_1693.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/202047","title_ssm":["Charlottesville Circuit Court records"],"title_tesim":["Charlottesville Circuit Court records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1888-1988"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1888-1988"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1888/1988"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charlottesville Circuit Court records, 1888/1988"],"text":["Charlottesville Circuit Court records, 1888/1988","MSS.2019.02","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/1693","Charlottesville (Va.)","Municipal government -- Records and correspondence","The commitment records in this collection are closed to researchers for 125 years after their creation. There are no access restrictions on the rest of the materials.","An Act of the Assembly of Albemarle County created Charlottesville, Virginia, in 1762. The Commonwealth of Virginia incorporated Charlottesville as a town in 1801, and then as a city in 1888.","Before 1888, the Albemarle County courts had jurisdiction over Charlottesville and managed the town's public records. With its incorporation as a city, Charlottesville gained the authority to establish its own courts and manage public records independent of the county.","In 1889, Charlottesville exercised its new authority by creating a \"Corporation Court.\" The city granted it the powers of both a circuit court and a municipal court as defined by the state government. The Corporation Court had original jurisdiction over misdemeanor and felony cases involving city ordinances and state law. It also had the authority to hear civil cases.","In 1973, the Corporation Court of Charlottesville was dissolved as part of a statewide reorganization of the court system in Virginia. This reorganization led to the creation of the Charlottesville Circuit Court and the Charlottesville District Court, with the powers of the former Corporation Court being divided between these two new entities.","The Clerk's Office of the Corporation Court was responsible for preserving the court's records and other public records as mandated by law. When the Commonwealth of Virginia dissolved the Corporation Court, these responsibilities were transferred to the Clerk's Office of the Charlottesville Circuit Court.","This collection consists of public records initially filed at the clerk's offices of the Charlottesville Corporation and Circuit Courts. They include, but are not limited to the following: corporate charter books, docket books, court memorandum books, liens books, alcohol inventories, commitment records, writs of execution, local election certifications, and property assessment books.","Researchers may find related records at the clerk's office for the Charlottesville Circuit Court. They may also access related records at the Library of Virginia, which manages original and microfilm copies of some documents originally filed with the Clerk of the Corporation Court.","The Commonwealth of Virginia may own the intellectual property in some of these records, and there may be restrictions on their reuse and republication.","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Charlottesville Circuit Court records, 1888/1988"],"collection_ssim":["Charlottesville Circuit Court records, 1888/1988"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.2019.02","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/1693"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.2019.02","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/1693"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Charlottesville (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Charlottesville (Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Charlottesville (Va.)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"creators_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"access_terms_ssm":["The Commonwealth of Virginia may own the intellectual property in some of these records, and there may be restrictions on their reuse and republication."],"acqinfo_ssim":["On January 3, 2019, the clerk's office of the Charlottesville Circuit Court transferred the records in this collection to the University of Virginia Law Library."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Municipal government -- Records and correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Municipal government -- Records and correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["91 Volumes","5.41 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["91 Volumes","5.41 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe commitment records in this collection are closed to researchers for 125 years after their creation. There are no access restrictions on the rest of the materials.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The commitment records in this collection are closed to researchers for 125 years after their creation. There are no access restrictions on the rest of the materials."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAn Act of the Assembly of Albemarle County created Charlottesville, Virginia, in 1762. The Commonwealth of Virginia incorporated Charlottesville as a town in 1801, and then as a city in 1888.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBefore 1888, the Albemarle County courts had jurisdiction over Charlottesville and managed the town's public records. With its incorporation as a city, Charlottesville gained the authority to establish its own courts and manage public records independent of the county.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1889, Charlottesville exercised its new authority by creating a \"Corporation Court.\" The city granted it the powers of both a circuit court and a municipal court as defined by the state government. The Corporation Court had original jurisdiction over misdemeanor and felony cases involving city ordinances and state law. It also had the authority to hear civil cases.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1973, the Corporation Court of Charlottesville was dissolved as part of a statewide reorganization of the court system in Virginia. This reorganization led to the creation of the Charlottesville Circuit Court and the Charlottesville District Court, with the powers of the former Corporation Court being divided between these two new entities. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Clerk's Office of the Corporation Court was responsible for preserving the court's records and other public records as mandated by law. When the Commonwealth of Virginia dissolved the Corporation Court, these responsibilities were transferred to the Clerk's Office of the Charlottesville Circuit Court.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["An Act of the Assembly of Albemarle County created Charlottesville, Virginia, in 1762. The Commonwealth of Virginia incorporated Charlottesville as a town in 1801, and then as a city in 1888.","Before 1888, the Albemarle County courts had jurisdiction over Charlottesville and managed the town's public records. With its incorporation as a city, Charlottesville gained the authority to establish its own courts and manage public records independent of the county.","In 1889, Charlottesville exercised its new authority by creating a \"Corporation Court.\" The city granted it the powers of both a circuit court and a municipal court as defined by the state government. The Corporation Court had original jurisdiction over misdemeanor and felony cases involving city ordinances and state law. It also had the authority to hear civil cases.","In 1973, the Corporation Court of Charlottesville was dissolved as part of a statewide reorganization of the court system in Virginia. This reorganization led to the creation of the Charlottesville Circuit Court and the Charlottesville District Court, with the powers of the former Corporation Court being divided between these two new entities.","The Clerk's Office of the Corporation Court was responsible for preserving the court's records and other public records as mandated by law. When the Commonwealth of Virginia dissolved the Corporation Court, these responsibilities were transferred to the Clerk's Office of the Charlottesville Circuit Court."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of public records initially filed at the clerk's offices of the Charlottesville Corporation and Circuit Courts. They include, but are not limited to the following: corporate charter books, docket books, court memorandum books, liens books, alcohol inventories, commitment records, writs of execution, local election certifications, and property assessment books. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may find related records at the clerk's office for the Charlottesville Circuit Court. They may also access related records at the Library of Virginia, which manages original and microfilm copies of some documents originally filed with the Clerk of the Corporation Court.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of public records initially filed at the clerk's offices of the Charlottesville Corporation and Circuit Courts. They include, but are not limited to the following: corporate charter books, docket books, court memorandum books, liens books, alcohol inventories, commitment records, writs of execution, local election certifications, and property assessment books.","Researchers may find related records at the clerk's office for the Charlottesville Circuit Court. They may also access related records at the Library of Virginia, which manages original and microfilm copies of some documents originally filed with the Clerk of the Corporation Court."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Commonwealth of Virginia may own the intellectual property in some of these records, and there may be restrictions on their reuse and republication.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The Commonwealth of Virginia may own the intellectual property in some of these records, and there may be restrictions on their reuse and republication."],"corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"names_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":165,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:54:27.406Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_1693_c03"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3200_c03","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Cheese, 1925/1952","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3200_c03#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3200_c03","ref_ssm":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3200_c03"],"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3200_c03","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3200","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3200","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3200","parent_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3200","parent_ssim":["Food Advertisement Collection, 1894/1962"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3200"],"title_filing_ssi":"Cheese","title_ssm":["Cheese"],"title_tesim":["Cheese"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Cheese, 1925/1952"],"text":["Cheese, 1925/1952","Food Advertisement Collection, 1894/1962"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Food Advertisement Collection, 1894/1962"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Food Advertisement Collection, 1894/1962"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1925/1952"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1925-1952"],"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":13,"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"collection_ssim":["Food Advertisement Collection, 1894/1962"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":2,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Permission to publish material from Food Advertisement Collection must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech."],"date_range_isim":[1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952],"_nest_path_":"/components#2","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:31:39.599Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3200","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3200","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3200","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3200","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_3200.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Food Advertisement Collection","title_ssm":["Food Advertisement Collection"],"title_tesim":["Food Advertisement Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1894-1962"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1894-1962"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1894/1962"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Food Advertisement Collection, 1894/1962"],"text":["Food Advertisement Collection, 1894/1962","Ms.2017.020","Ann Hertzler Children's Cookbooks and Nutrition Literature Collection","Children -- Nutrition","Food Technology and Production","History of Food and Drink","Nutrition","The collection is open for research.","When this collection was purchased, advertisements were largely organized by product or product type. During processing, some of these categories were broken down further. The collection is arranged by product/product type and by company/brand within each product. Each       company/brand has its own folder, the contents of which are in chronological order.","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Food Advertisement Collection was completed in August 2017.","Culinary Advertising Collections\n      Alice Ross Culinary Ephemera Collection (Ms2017-008). Finding aid available online. \n      Ballard and Ballard Company Collection (Ms2010-032). Finding aid available online. \n      Culinary Ephemera Collection (Ms2013-028). Finding aid available online. \n      Culinary Pamphlet Collection (Ms2011-002). Finding aid available online. \n      J. H. Filbert Inc. Collection (Ms2013-061). Finding aid available online. \n      LactAid, Inc., Collection (Ms2011-008). Finding aid available online. \n      National Biscuit Company Package Catalog (Ms2017-019). Finding aid available online. \n      National Biscuit Company Salesman's Collection (Ms2017-017). Finding aid available online. \n      Quality Chemical Company Collection (Ms2010-039). Finding aid available online. \n      Sweet 'N Low and Butter Buds Promotional Materials (Ms2012-058). Finding aid available online.","The Food Advertisement Collection consists of single page advertisements for a variety of food products, largely pulled from magazines. Items dates from 1894 to 1962, with the majority from the 1910s-1940s. Ads included are for baby foods, dairy products, cooking/baking items, and peanuts/peanut butter.","While not intentionally part of the collection, the verso sides of many ads feature additional advertisements for food, home, and domestic products.","Permission to publish material from Food Advertisement Collection must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech.","The Food Advertisement Collection consists of single page advertisements for a variety of food products, largely pulled from magazines. Items dates from 1894 to 1962, with the majority from the 1910s-1940s.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Food Advertisement Collection, 1894/1962"],"collection_ssim":["Food Advertisement Collection, 1894/1962"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2017.020"],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2017.020"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"creators_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish material from Food Advertisement Collection must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Food Advertisement Collection was purchased by Special Collections in June 2016."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Ann Hertzler Children's Cookbooks and Nutrition Literature Collection","Children -- Nutrition","Food Technology and Production","History of Food and Drink","Nutrition"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Ann Hertzler Children's Cookbooks and Nutrition Literature Collection","Children -- Nutrition","Food Technology and Production","History of Food and Drink","Nutrition"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.3 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.3 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"date_range_isim":[1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWhen this collection was purchased, advertisements were largely organized by product or product type. During processing, some of these categories were broken down further. The collection is arranged by product/product type and by company/brand within each product. Each       company/brand has its own folder, the contents of which are in chronological order.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["When this collection was purchased, advertisements were largely organized by product or product type. During processing, some of these categories were broken down further. The collection is arranged by product/product type and by company/brand within each product. Each       company/brand has its own folder, the contents of which are in chronological order."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: Food Advertisement Collection, Ms2017-020, Special Collections, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: Food Advertisement Collection, Ms2017-020, Special Collections, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Food Advertisement Collection was completed in August 2017.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Food Advertisement Collection was completed in August 2017."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eCulinary Advertising Collections\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eAlice Ross Culinary Ephemera Collection (Ms2017-008). Finding aid \u003cextref href=\"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vt/viblbv01850.xml\"\u003eavailable online\u003c/extref\u003e. \u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eBallard and Ballard Company Collection (Ms2010-032). Finding aid \u003cextref href=\"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vt/viblbv00663.xml\"\u003eavailable online\u003c/extref\u003e. \u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eCulinary Ephemera Collection (Ms2013-028). Finding aid \u003cextref href=\"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vt/viblbv01168.xml\"\u003eavailable online\u003c/extref\u003e. \u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eCulinary Pamphlet Collection (Ms2011-002). Finding aid \u003cextref href=\"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vt/viblbv00787.xml\"\u003eavailable online\u003c/extref\u003e. \u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eJ. H. Filbert Inc. Collection (Ms2013-061). Finding aid \u003cextref href=\"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vt/viblbv01190.xml\"\u003eavailable online\u003c/extref\u003e. \u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eLactAid, Inc., Collection (Ms2011-008). Finding aid \u003cextref href=\"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vt/viblbv00777.xml\"\u003eavailable online\u003c/extref\u003e. \u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eNational Biscuit Company Package Catalog (Ms2017-019). Finding aid \u003cextref href=\"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vt/viblbv01866.xml\"\u003eavailable online\u003c/extref\u003e. \u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eNational Biscuit Company Salesman's Collection (Ms2017-017). Finding aid \u003cextref href=\"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vt/viblbv01864.xml\"\u003eavailable online\u003c/extref\u003e. \u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eQuality Chemical Company Collection (Ms2010-039). Finding aid \u003cextref href=\"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vt/viblbv00670.xml\"\u003eavailable online\u003c/extref\u003e. \u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSweet 'N Low and Butter Buds Promotional Materials (Ms2012-058). Finding aid \u003cextref href=\"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vt/viblbv01080.xml\"\u003eavailable online\u003c/extref\u003e. \u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Culinary Advertising Collections\n      Alice Ross Culinary Ephemera Collection (Ms2017-008). Finding aid available online. \n      Ballard and Ballard Company Collection (Ms2010-032). Finding aid available online. \n      Culinary Ephemera Collection (Ms2013-028). Finding aid available online. \n      Culinary Pamphlet Collection (Ms2011-002). Finding aid available online. \n      J. H. Filbert Inc. Collection (Ms2013-061). Finding aid available online. \n      LactAid, Inc., Collection (Ms2011-008). Finding aid available online. \n      National Biscuit Company Package Catalog (Ms2017-019). Finding aid available online. \n      National Biscuit Company Salesman's Collection (Ms2017-017). Finding aid available online. \n      Quality Chemical Company Collection (Ms2010-039). Finding aid available online. \n      Sweet 'N Low and Butter Buds Promotional Materials (Ms2012-058). Finding aid available online."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Food Advertisement Collection consists of single page advertisements for a variety of food products, largely pulled from magazines. Items dates from 1894 to 1962, with the majority from the 1910s-1940s. Ads included are for baby foods, dairy products, cooking/baking items, and peanuts/peanut butter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhile not intentionally part of the collection, the verso sides of many ads feature additional advertisements for food, home, and domestic products.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Food Advertisement Collection consists of single page advertisements for a variety of food products, largely pulled from magazines. Items dates from 1894 to 1962, with the majority from the 1910s-1940s. Ads included are for baby foods, dairy products, cooking/baking items, and peanuts/peanut butter.","While not intentionally part of the collection, the verso sides of many ads feature additional advertisements for food, home, and domestic products."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish material from Food Advertisement Collection must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish material from Food Advertisement Collection must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_1d4a42d02f15414862616e09a81c9bb9\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Food Advertisement Collection consists of single page advertisements for a variety of food products, largely pulled from magazines. Items dates from 1894 to 1962, with the majority from the 1910s-1940s.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Food Advertisement Collection consists of single page advertisements for a variety of food products, largely pulled from magazines. Items dates from 1894 to 1962, with the majority from the 1910s-1940s."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"total_component_count_is":51,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:31:39.599Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3200_c03"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_186_c01","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Chester H. McCall papers, 1931/1947","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_186_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_186_c01","ref_ssm":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_186_c01"],"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_186_c01","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_186","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_186","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_186","parent_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_186","parent_ssim":["Chester H. McCall papers, 1931/1947"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_186"],"title_filing_ssi":"Chester H. McCall papers","title_ssm":["Chester H. McCall papers"],"title_tesim":["Chester H. McCall papers"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Chester H. McCall papers, 1931/1947"],"text":["Chester H. McCall papers, 1931/1947","Chester H. McCall papers, 1931/1947"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Chester H. McCall papers, 1931/1947"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Chester H. McCall papers, 1931/1947"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1931/1947"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1931-1947"],"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":1,"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"collection_ssim":["Chester H. McCall papers, 1931/1947"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":45,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no access restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"date_range_isim":[1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents note"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:34:24.402Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_186","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_186","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_186","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_186","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_186.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Chester H. McCall papers","title_ssm":["Chester H. McCall papers"],"title_tesim":["Chester H. McCall papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1931-1947"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1931-1947"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1931/1947"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Chester H. McCall papers, 1931/1947"],"text":["Chester H. McCall papers, 1931/1947","C0098","/repositories/2/resources/186","United States -- Politics and government","New Deal, 1933-1939","Interstate commerce","Educational change","International trade","There are no access restrictions.","This collection is arranged by subject.","Chester H. McCall served as Assistant Secretary of Commerce (1933-1937) under Daniel C. Roper in the Franklin D. Roosevelt Administration. While in the Department of Commerce, McCall headed up the administrative, public relations, and publications efforts of the department's Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, and Bureau of Air Commerce. He was also a member of the Executive Board of the National Youth Administration, secretary of several Cabinet committees, and represented Commerce in several inter-departmental committees.","Processed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in April 2009. Updated by Greta Kuriger in 2011. Reprocessed and finding aid updated by Lana Mason in 2018.","The Special Collections Research Center also holds many other collections on United States government and politics, particularly the Legislative branch. The  include documents on the FDIC during the 1930s.","The University of Virginia Libraries also holds a collection of the .","The Chester McCall papers comprise contain materials from his tenure at the Department of Commerce as well as his private life. The materials include correspondence between Chester McCall, Secretary Roper, government employees, and business leaders; speech drafts: \"Credit and the New Deal\" (March 13, 1934), \"Regimentation and Recovery\" (November 6, 1934), \"Trading for Peace\" (August 16, 1934); and contemporary news clippings regarding the Roosevelt Administration and the Department of Commerce. The materials also include documents and writings pertaining to McCall's personal life, and memorandums and a handwritten note from Franklin D. Roosevelt.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","The Chester McCall papers contain materials from his tenure at the Department of Commerce as well as his private life.","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","United States. Department of Commerce","Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945","McCall, Chester H.","Maberry, Arthur","Roper, Daniel C. (Daniel Calhoun), 1867-1943","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Chester H. McCall papers, 1931/1947"],"collection_ssim":["Chester H. McCall papers, 1931/1947"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0098","/repositories/2/resources/186"],"unitid_tesim":["C0098","/repositories/2/resources/186"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- Politics and government"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government"],"places_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government"],"creator_ssm":["Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945","McCall, Chester H."],"creator_ssim":["Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945","McCall, Chester H."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945","McCall, Chester H.","Maberry, Arthur","Roper, Daniel C. (Daniel Calhoun), 1867-1943"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","United States. Department of Commerce"],"creators_ssim":["Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945","McCall, Chester H.","Maberry, Arthur","Roper, Daniel C. (Daniel Calhoun), 1867-1943","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","United States. Department of Commerce"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["The donor is unknown."],"access_subjects_ssim":["New Deal, 1933-1939","Interstate commerce","Educational change","International trade"],"access_subjects_ssm":["New Deal, 1933-1939","Interstate commerce","Educational change","International trade"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.5 Linear Feet 3 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["1.5 Linear Feet 3 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged by subject.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged by subject."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChester H. McCall served as Assistant Secretary of Commerce (1933-1937) under Daniel C. Roper in the Franklin D. Roosevelt Administration. While in the Department of Commerce, McCall headed up the administrative, public relations, and publications efforts of the department's Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, and Bureau of Air Commerce. He was also a member of the Executive Board of the National Youth Administration, secretary of several Cabinet committees, and represented Commerce in several inter-departmental committees.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Chester H. McCall served as Assistant Secretary of Commerce (1933-1937) under Daniel C. Roper in the Franklin D. Roosevelt Administration. While in the Department of Commerce, McCall headed up the administrative, public relations, and publications efforts of the department's Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, and Bureau of Air Commerce. He was also a member of the Executive Board of the National Youth Administration, secretary of several Cabinet committees, and represented Commerce in several inter-departmental committees."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChester H. McCall papers, C0098, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Chester H. McCall papers, C0098, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in April 2009. Updated by Greta Kuriger in 2011. Reprocessed and finding aid updated by Lana Mason in 2018.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in April 2009. Updated by Greta Kuriger in 2011. Reprocessed and finding aid updated by Lana Mason in 2018."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center also holds many other collections on United States government and politics, particularly the Legislative branch. The \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Clark Warburton papers\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0110\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e include documents on the FDIC during the 1930s. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe University of Virginia Libraries also holds a collection of the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Chester H. McCall papers\" href=\"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaead/published/uva-sc/viu01513.xml\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center also holds many other collections on United States government and politics, particularly the Legislative branch. The  include documents on the FDIC during the 1930s.","The University of Virginia Libraries also holds a collection of the ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Chester McCall papers comprise contain materials from his tenure at the Department of Commerce as well as his private life. The materials include correspondence between Chester McCall, Secretary Roper, government employees, and business leaders; speech drafts: \"Credit and the New Deal\" (March 13, 1934), \"Regimentation and Recovery\" (November 6, 1934), \"Trading for Peace\" (August 16, 1934); and contemporary news clippings regarding the Roosevelt Administration and the Department of Commerce. The materials also include documents and writings pertaining to McCall's personal life, and memorandums and a handwritten note from Franklin D. Roosevelt.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Chester McCall papers comprise contain materials from his tenure at the Department of Commerce as well as his private life. The materials include correspondence between Chester McCall, Secretary Roper, government employees, and business leaders; speech drafts: \"Credit and the New Deal\" (March 13, 1934), \"Regimentation and Recovery\" (November 6, 1934), \"Trading for Peace\" (August 16, 1934); and contemporary news clippings regarding the Roosevelt Administration and the Department of Commerce. The materials also include documents and writings pertaining to McCall's personal life, and memorandums and a handwritten note from Franklin D. Roosevelt."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_bad3ace5966a74737ad32524d1b8dde9\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Chester McCall papers contain materials from his tenure at the Department of Commerce as well as his private life.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Chester McCall papers contain materials from his tenure at the Department of Commerce as well as his private life."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","United States. Department of Commerce"],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. Department of Commerce","Maberry, Arthur","Roper, Daniel C. (Daniel Calhoun), 1867-1943","McCall, Chester H.","Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945"],"persname_ssim":["Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945","McCall, Chester H.","Maberry, Arthur","Roper, Daniel C. (Daniel Calhoun), 1867-1943"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","United States. Department of Commerce","Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945","McCall, Chester H.","Maberry, Arthur","Roper, Daniel C. (Daniel Calhoun), 1867-1943"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":46,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:34:24.402Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_186_c01"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_567_c04","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Church History Materials, 1875/2011","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_567_c04#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eMaterials in this series document the history of the church. Items include scrapbooks, newspaper clippings, typed and hand-written institutional histories of the church, photographs of the church and church members, and church programs. Many of the typed or written histories of the church were compiled for a 150th anniversary celebration of the old stone church held on June 4, 1995. These histories contain information about the history of religious worship in the Tenth Legion area prior to 1844, going back to the early 1700s. There are also genealogical materials relating to the Martz family, who deeded the land for the church in 1844. Other materials also relate to the 1952 construction of a new church building. See item titled Church History, 1944-2011 for a list of church pastors from 1844-2008. Note that there are multiple instances of duplicate materials contained within this series.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_567_c04#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_567_c04","ref_ssm":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_567_c04"],"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_567_c04","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_567","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_567","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_567","parent_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_567","parent_ssim":["Bethlehem Stone Church Records, 1844/2011"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_567"],"title_filing_ssi":"Church History Materials","title_ssm":["Church History Materials"],"title_tesim":["Church History Materials"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Church History Materials, 1875/2011"],"text":["Church History Materials, 1875/2011","Bethlehem Stone Church Records, 1844/2011","Materials in this series document the history of the church. Items include scrapbooks, newspaper clippings, typed and hand-written institutional histories of the church, photographs of the church and church members, and church programs. Many of the typed or written histories of the church were compiled for a 150th anniversary celebration of the old stone church held on June 4, 1995. These histories contain information about the history of religious worship in the Tenth Legion area prior to 1844, going back to the early 1700s. There are also genealogical materials relating to the Martz family, who deeded the land for the church in 1844. Other materials also relate to the 1952 construction of a new church building. See item titled Church History, 1944-2011 for a list of church pastors from 1844-2008. Note that there are multiple instances of duplicate materials contained within this series."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Bethlehem Stone Church Records, 1844/2011"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Bethlehem Stone Church Records, 1844/2011"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1875/2011"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1875–2011"],"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":40,"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"collection_ssim":["Bethlehem Stone Church Records, 1844/2011"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":10,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"date_range_isim":[1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in this series document the history of the church. Items include scrapbooks, newspaper clippings, typed and hand-written institutional histories of the church, photographs of the church and church members, and church programs. Many of the typed or written histories of the church were compiled for a 150th anniversary celebration of the old stone church held on June 4, 1995. These histories contain information about the history of religious worship in the Tenth Legion area prior to 1844, going back to the early 1700s. There are also genealogical materials relating to the Martz family, who deeded the land for the church in 1844. Other materials also relate to the 1952 construction of a new church building. See item titled Church History, 1944-2011 for a list of church pastors from 1844-2008. Note that there are multiple instances of duplicate materials contained within this series.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Materials in this series document the history of the church. Items include scrapbooks, newspaper clippings, typed and hand-written institutional histories of the church, photographs of the church and church members, and church programs. Many of the typed or written histories of the church were compiled for a 150th anniversary celebration of the old stone church held on June 4, 1995. These histories contain information about the history of religious worship in the Tenth Legion area prior to 1844, going back to the early 1700s. There are also genealogical materials relating to the Martz family, who deeded the land for the church in 1844. Other materials also relate to the 1952 construction of a new church building. See item titled Church History, 1944-2011 for a list of church pastors from 1844-2008. Note that there are multiple instances of duplicate materials contained within this series."],"_nest_path_":"/components#3","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:36:09.969Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_567","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_567","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_567","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_567","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_567.xml","title_ssm":["Bethlehem Stone Church Records"],"title_tesim":["Bethlehem Stone Church Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1844-2011","2012"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1844-2011","2012"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1844/2011"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Bethlehem Stone Church Records, 1844/2011"],"text":["Bethlehem Stone Church Records, 1844/2011","SC 0212","/repositories/4/resources/567","Virginia -- History, Local","Church records and registers -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Church buildings -- Virginia -- Sources","Church buildings -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Church records and registers -- Virginia -- Tenth Legion","Church buildings -- Virginia -- Tenth Legion","Church records","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The collection is organized into the following four series. All series are arranged chronologically.","Administrative Records, 1844-1979\n      Ladies Aid Society/Women's Fellowship, 1912-1974\n      Sunday School, 1894-1948\n      Church History Materials, 1875-2011","Bethlehem United Church of Christ, commonly called Bethlehem Stone Church, is located in Tenth Legion, just south of New Market, Virginia in the Shenandoah Valley. It was founded in 1844 when Jacob Martz deeded a parcel of land in Tenth Legion to be used as the site for a place of worship. A committee of trustees consisting of John Cowan, Jacob Cowan, Martin Martz, Dorilas Martz, and Jackson Martz was then appointed to superintend the building of the church and Jeremiah Clemons, a local stonemason, was chosen for construction. The church was completed in 1845 and the stone church remained the sole house of worship until 1952 when a second church building was constructed.","During the Civil War the church was used to house Confederate prisoners and also as a makeshift military hospital. The structure was badly damaged during the war and was not repaired until the 1880s. Please see the item titled Written Histories, 1948-1995 in the Church History Materials series for a detailed history of the church and the stone structure. After the Civil War the church was used by several different denominations including the Christian Church, the United Brethren in Christ, and the German Baptist Church. The congregation worshipped in the Stone Church until 1952 when a larger brick church was built on the land beside it. In 1981 Bethlehem Stone Church was added to the Virginia Landmarks Register and in 1985 to the National Register of Historic Places. In 2008 restoration began to the old stone church and was completed in 2011. The structure is now used for special events.","Acquiring the collection was suggested to Dr. Mark Peterson of James Madison University Special Collections, by Dr. Andrew Witmer, history professor at JMU. Dr. Witmer intended to include the collection in his History Harvest project but was unable to do so because of time constraints. Dr. Peterson contacted the church and, with the help of the church's secretary, gathered the collection for digitization in 2012.","The collection was lent to JMU Special Collections for digitization in 2012 and materials were returned to Bethlehem United Church of Christ in 2013. JMU Special Collections originally digitized the materials and processed the images using Adobe Photoshop Elements. Images were re-processed from 2014-2015 by JMU Digital Collections using Adobe Photoshop and Adobe Bridge. PDF files were created using Adobe Acrobat Pro X. Please note that the contrast was adjusted on some images to increase the legibility of the original scans. Additionally, some images do not capture the complete content of the item. JMU Digital Collections has made best efforts to provide the clearest and most complete image possible from the original.","Collection was formerly numbered SC 5037.","The Bethlehem Stone Church Records consist of 46 pdf files that conatin scanned images of documents from the church's first year of operation in 1844 through 2011. The records document church business, governance, and day-to-day operations, as well as the history of the church. Materials include meeting minutes, financial records, attendance and membership records, church programming materials, photographs, and scrapbooks. The earliest documents in the collection include a record of the first organization of the church in August of 1844 and a list of original members. Also contained in the collection are materials documenting the activities of the Sunday School as well as the Women's Fellowship, a women's group within the church. Church history materials include scrapbooks as well as written histories that provide details on the institutional history of the church and the Tenth Legion area.","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Bethlehem Stone Church Records, 1844-2011, is comprised of 46 pdf files that contains digitized images of church records and documents related to the church and church history from its inception in 1844 through 2011.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Bethlehem Stone Church (Tenth Legion, Va.)","Bethlehem Stone Church (Tenth Legion, Va.) -- History","Bradshaw, Christine","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Bethlehem Stone Church Records, 1844/2011"],"collection_ssim":["Bethlehem Stone Church Records, 1844/2011"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0212","/repositories/4/resources/567"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0212","/repositories/4/resources/567"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia -- History, Local"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia -- History, Local"],"places_ssim":["Virginia -- History, Local"],"creator_ssm":["Bradshaw, Christine","Bethlehem Stone Church (Tenth Legion, Va.)"],"creator_ssim":["Bradshaw, Christine","Bethlehem Stone Church (Tenth Legion, Va.)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Bradshaw, Christine"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Bethlehem Stone Church (Tenth Legion, Va.)","Bethlehem Stone Church (Tenth Legion, Va.) -- History"],"creators_ssim":["Bradshaw, Christine","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Bethlehem Stone Church (Tenth Legion, Va.)","Bethlehem Stone Church (Tenth Legion, Va.) -- History"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. 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All series are arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eAdministrative Records, 1844-1979\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eLadies Aid Society/Women's Fellowship, 1912-1974\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSunday School, 1894-1948\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eChurch History Materials, 1875-2011\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into the following four series. All series are arranged chronologically.","Administrative Records, 1844-1979\n      Ladies Aid Society/Women's Fellowship, 1912-1974\n      Sunday School, 1894-1948\n      Church History Materials, 1875-2011"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBethlehem United Church of Christ, commonly called Bethlehem Stone Church, is located in Tenth Legion, just south of New Market, Virginia in the Shenandoah Valley. It was founded in 1844 when Jacob Martz deeded a parcel of land in Tenth Legion to be used as the site for a place of worship. A committee of trustees consisting of John Cowan, Jacob Cowan, Martin Martz, Dorilas Martz, and Jackson Martz was then appointed to superintend the building of the church and Jeremiah Clemons, a local stonemason, was chosen for construction. The church was completed in 1845 and the stone church remained the sole house of worship until 1952 when a second church building was constructed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the Civil War the church was used to house Confederate prisoners and also as a makeshift military hospital. The structure was badly damaged during the war and was not repaired until the 1880s. Please see the item titled Written Histories, 1948-1995 in the Church History Materials series for a detailed history of the church and the stone structure. After the Civil War the church was used by several different denominations including the Christian Church, the United Brethren in Christ, and the German Baptist Church. The congregation worshipped in the Stone Church until 1952 when a larger brick church was built on the land beside it. In 1981 Bethlehem Stone Church was added to the Virginia Landmarks Register and in 1985 to the National Register of Historic Places. In 2008 restoration began to the old stone church and was completed in 2011. The structure is now used for special events.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Bethlehem United Church of Christ, commonly called Bethlehem Stone Church, is located in Tenth Legion, just south of New Market, Virginia in the Shenandoah Valley. It was founded in 1844 when Jacob Martz deeded a parcel of land in Tenth Legion to be used as the site for a place of worship. A committee of trustees consisting of John Cowan, Jacob Cowan, Martin Martz, Dorilas Martz, and Jackson Martz was then appointed to superintend the building of the church and Jeremiah Clemons, a local stonemason, was chosen for construction. The church was completed in 1845 and the stone church remained the sole house of worship until 1952 when a second church building was constructed.","During the Civil War the church was used to house Confederate prisoners and also as a makeshift military hospital. The structure was badly damaged during the war and was not repaired until the 1880s. Please see the item titled Written Histories, 1948-1995 in the Church History Materials series for a detailed history of the church and the stone structure. After the Civil War the church was used by several different denominations including the Christian Church, the United Brethren in Christ, and the German Baptist Church. The congregation worshipped in the Stone Church until 1952 when a larger brick church was built on the land beside it. In 1981 Bethlehem Stone Church was added to the Virginia Landmarks Register and in 1985 to the National Register of Historic Places. In 2008 restoration began to the old stone church and was completed in 2011. The structure is now used for special events."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAcquiring the collection was suggested to Dr. Mark Peterson of James Madison University Special Collections, by Dr. Andrew Witmer, history professor at JMU. Dr. Witmer intended to include the collection in his History Harvest project but was unable to do so because of time constraints. Dr. Peterson contacted the church and, with the help of the church's secretary, gathered the collection for digitization in 2012.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["Acquiring the collection was suggested to Dr. Mark Peterson of James Madison University Special Collections, by Dr. Andrew Witmer, history professor at JMU. Dr. Witmer intended to include the collection in his History Harvest project but was unable to do so because of time constraints. Dr. Peterson contacted the church and, with the help of the church's secretary, gathered the collection for digitization in 2012."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], Bethlehem Stone Church Records, 1844-2011, SC 0212, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], Bethlehem Stone Church Records, 1844-2011, SC 0212, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection was lent to JMU Special Collections for digitization in 2012 and materials were returned to Bethlehem United Church of Christ in 2013. JMU Special Collections originally digitized the materials and processed the images using Adobe Photoshop Elements. Images were re-processed from 2014-2015 by JMU Digital Collections using Adobe Photoshop and Adobe Bridge. PDF files were created using Adobe Acrobat Pro X. Please note that the contrast was adjusted on some images to increase the legibility of the original scans. Additionally, some images do not capture the complete content of the item. JMU Digital Collections has made best efforts to provide the clearest and most complete image possible from the original.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCollection was formerly numbered SC 5037.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The collection was lent to JMU Special Collections for digitization in 2012 and materials were returned to Bethlehem United Church of Christ in 2013. JMU Special Collections originally digitized the materials and processed the images using Adobe Photoshop Elements. Images were re-processed from 2014-2015 by JMU Digital Collections using Adobe Photoshop and Adobe Bridge. PDF files were created using Adobe Acrobat Pro X. Please note that the contrast was adjusted on some images to increase the legibility of the original scans. Additionally, some images do not capture the complete content of the item. JMU Digital Collections has made best efforts to provide the clearest and most complete image possible from the original.","Collection was formerly numbered SC 5037."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Bethlehem Stone Church Records consist of 46 pdf files that conatin scanned images of documents from the church's first year of operation in 1844 through 2011. The records document church business, governance, and day-to-day operations, as well as the history of the church. Materials include meeting minutes, financial records, attendance and membership records, church programming materials, photographs, and scrapbooks. The earliest documents in the collection include a record of the first organization of the church in August of 1844 and a list of original members. Also contained in the collection are materials documenting the activities of the Sunday School as well as the Women's Fellowship, a women's group within the church. Church history materials include scrapbooks as well as written histories that provide details on the institutional history of the church and the Tenth Legion area.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Bethlehem Stone Church Records consist of 46 pdf files that conatin scanned images of documents from the church's first year of operation in 1844 through 2011. The records document church business, governance, and day-to-day operations, as well as the history of the church. Materials include meeting minutes, financial records, attendance and membership records, church programming materials, photographs, and scrapbooks. The earliest documents in the collection include a record of the first organization of the church in August of 1844 and a list of original members. Also contained in the collection are materials documenting the activities of the Sunday School as well as the Women's Fellowship, a women's group within the church. Church history materials include scrapbooks as well as written histories that provide details on the institutional history of the church and the Tenth Legion area."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e411dd58289ec1c9c7e9de120b054656\"\u003eThe Bethlehem Stone Church Records, 1844-2011, is comprised of 46 pdf files that contains digitized images of church records and documents related to the church and church history from its inception in 1844 through 2011.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Bethlehem Stone Church Records, 1844-2011, is comprised of 46 pdf files that contains digitized images of church records and documents related to the church and church history from its inception in 1844 through 2011."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Bethlehem Stone Church (Tenth Legion, Va.)","Bethlehem Stone Church (Tenth Legion, Va.) -- History"],"names_coll_ssim":["Bethlehem Stone Church (Tenth Legion, Va.)","Bethlehem Stone Church (Tenth Legion, Va.) -- History","Bradshaw, Christine"],"persname_ssim":["Bradshaw, Christine"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Bethlehem Stone Church (Tenth Legion, Va.)","Bethlehem Stone Church (Tenth Legion, Va.) -- History","Bradshaw, Christine"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":50,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:36:09.969Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_567_c04"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_158_c01","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Clarence A. Steele papers, 1933/1969","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_158_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_158_c01","ref_ssm":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_158_c01"],"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_158_c01","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_158","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_158","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_158","parent_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_158","parent_ssim":["Clarence A. Steele papers"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_158"],"title_filing_ssi":"Clarence A. Steele papers","title_ssm":["Clarence A. Steele papers"],"title_tesim":["Clarence A. Steele papers"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Clarence A. Steele papers, 1933/1969"],"text":["Clarence A. Steele papers, 1933/1969","Clarence A. Steele papers"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Clarence A. Steele papers"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Clarence A. 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Steele papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":77,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no access restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"date_range_isim":[1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969],"_nest_path_":"/components#0","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:34:21.201Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_158","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_158","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_158","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_158","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_158.xml","title_ssm":["Clarence A. Steele papers"],"title_tesim":["Clarence A. Steele papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1933-1969"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1933-1969"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Clarence A. Steele papers"],"text":["Clarence A. Steele papers","C0056","/repositories/2/resources/158","University extension -- United States","Transportation -- United States -- Planning","Transportation","Transportation -- Planning","There are no access restrictions.","This collection is arranged chronologically.","Clarence A. Steele was the chairman of the Exploratory Committee and Advisory Council to the Northern Virginia University Center (NVUC). The Center was established in September 1949 as an adult education extension of the University of Virginia (UVa) at Charlottesville. A few years before, the idea for a center was set into motion. Seeing an opportunity for educational expansion and recognizing the needs of the growing Northern Virginia population, University of Virginia's Extension Division, headed by Professor George B. Zehmer, formed an Exploratory Committee to work out a feasibility plan for creating an extension in Northern Virginia. The result was the Northern Virginia University Center, which became fully operational in February 1950, with six classes enrolling about 50 students.","The Extension Division named John Norville Gibson Finley as the Center's first director. The Center's administrative offices and \"campus\" were located on the campus of Washington-Lee High School in Arlington, Virginia. During the Center's early years, it offered college-level courses for adults. By the fall of 1953, the Center grew to 55 classes with 900 enrolled students. The Center, which had set out to serve only the immediate Washington metropolitan area in Virginia, expanded to serve an area that encompassed a radius of thirty miles around Arlington. This significant growth forced the Center to reevaluate its mission to the population it served. So in 1954, an Advisory Council formed to examine the challenges of expansion and to consider a \"possible change of character\" for the Center. Moreover, it was asked to \"interpret the community and its desires to the University\" and to \"assist in creating a climate of demand for the educational services offered.\"","The Advisory Council consisted of sixteen members, all of whom resided in Northern Virginia. The Council's first meeting was on January 4, 1954 in Washington-Lee High School, called and chaired by Clarence A. Steele, former chairman of the Center's Exploratory Committee, which the Council superseded. As chair, Steele presided over meetings and directed the activities of the Council. Together with Mr. Zehmer, head of the Extension Division, and President Colgate W. Darden of the University of Virginia, the Council explored ways to convert the Center into a formal branch of University of Virginia. Steele and the Council immediately began a dialogue with prominent members of the community, including Virginia senators Charles R. Fenwick and Harry F. Byrd, Jr., hoping to find support for a branch of the University of Virginia.","In order to establish a branch, the Center had to comply with standards enacted by the Southern Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools, of which the University of Virginia was a member. Standards included: (1) a centrally located building sufficient for administration and instruction; (2) a sizable nucleus of full-time faculty members to ensure permanence and continuity; (3) adequate library and laboratory facilities; (4) a stable pattern of course offerings. Aware that the Center did not meet all of these conditions, the Advisory Council used the Southern Association standards as a foundation for their proposal. Steele thereby formed committees to focus on meeting the standards. The committees included: Building and Grounds, Ways and Means, Public Relations, Legal Council, and Research. This focus streamlined the Council, allowing members to use their expertise most productively. President Darden gave his full support to the endeavor, providing his own philosophy as an impetus: \"bring the University of Virginia to the people\" and \"promote adult education formally and informally; culturally as well as technically.\"","The most important task facing the Council was the search for a location for the new college. Throughout late 1954 and all of 1955 they searched for tracts of land suitable for a permanent location. In the meantime, the Northern Virginia Center (as the Center was now called) continued to grow, expanding to 110 classes with 2,100 enrolled students in the spring of 1956. More startling was the prediction that enrollment would reach 8,000 adult students within a decade. This, along with the area's growing number of high school graduates, necessitated a new emphasis: one which would make the branch an affordable two-year institution with day classes - serving all students, not just adults. At this time, a Virginia House Joint Resolution passed, \"authorizing the establishment of a branch of the University of Virginia to be located in Northern Virginia\" (passed by the House of Delegates and the Senate of Virginia in February 1956), thereby providing the legal underpinning to continue the expansion of the Center.","By early 1956, many locations for the branch had been scouted out and researched. President Darden insisted that the college \"have an appropriate campus, an ample campus, ample acres for spacing buildings, for parking, for playing fields of various kinds, for woods and vistas.\" Later in the year, three sites were seriously considered: the Ravensworth estate, between Annandale and Springfield, along Braddock Road; the Bowman or Herndon tracts, on the Sunset Hills farm land near Herndon; and seven Prince William County sites, including one along the border of Manassas Battlefield Park. In the summer of 1956, the Advisory Council unanimously endorsed the Ravensworth site. But not long after, a sub-committee assigned by the University of Virginia Board of Visitors was charged to survey the locations, and, to the Council's chagrin, it recommended the Bowman tract.","The disagreement arose from an apparent conflict of interest between the Advisory Council and the Visitors sub-committee. A few years prior, the Virginia Advisory Legislative Council to the Governor and the General Assembly (VALC) drafted a report, recommending that new university branches should only be two-year institutions and be self-supportive. In other words, VALC \"wanted to establish urban branches [without dormitories] where students could live at home,\" and thus raise the cost of tuition, saving the state from unnecessary expenses.","Accordingly, in their search for branch locations, the Advisory Council looked for sites that would accommodate a \"2-year, non-dormitory type of institution ONLY.\" They found the Ravensworth site ideal for those purposes. Conversely, the Visitors sub-committee's choice of the Bowman tract - a much larger and even more isolated area - clearly \"envisioned a full scale dormitory type institution.\" The Council was unaware of the University of Virginia's plan to establish a large, four-year college with an extensive campus, and was unprepared for such a shift in focus.","Gathering what support they could, the Council sent delegations from Arlington, Alexandria and Fairfax Counties to persuade the Board of Visitors to reconsider. Several members of the Visitors were openly antagonistic to the Ravensworth site, mainly because the Bowman tract offered a firmer political base to the region. Others felt that there was \"little use for Northern Virginia\" for the future of the University. After some debate the Visitors dryly agreed to \"take the whole matter of establishing a branch under advisement.\" A few years later, in 1959, the Council and the Visitors settled their differences and decided on an entirely new site: the Farr tract, the site on which George Mason University now stands, located less than one mile south of Fairfax City.","The Advisory Council to the Northern Virginia Center, with Clarence A. Steele at the helm, faced many challenges during the early years of its existence. The problems associated with growth, the evaluation of educational needs in Northern Virginia, and the search for a new location for the University branch occupied much time and required considerable investment.","Processed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in March 2009. Additional processing and EAD markup completed by Maria Forte in March 2010.","The Special Collections Research Center also holds the  and collections on .","This collection contains papers and material owned by Clarence A. Steele. Papers, relating to the Advisory Council to the Northern Virginia, include minutes of meetings, letters, newspapers, and miscellaneous documents. In addition the collection includes road-use surveys, manuals, personnel hiring and correspondence for surveys managed by Clarence A. Steele in Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Oklahoma, Ohio and Pennsylvania from 1935 to 1936.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","This collection contains papers and material owned by Clarence A. Steele relating to the Advisory Council to the Northern Virginia University Center. Included are minutes of meetings, letters, newspapers, and miscellaneous documents.","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","University of Virginia","University of Virginia. Northern Virginia Center","Steele, Clarence A.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Clarence A. Steele papers"],"collection_ssim":["Clarence A. Steele papers"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0056","/repositories/2/resources/158"],"unitid_tesim":["C0056","/repositories/2/resources/158"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["Steele, Clarence A."],"creator_ssim":["Steele, Clarence A."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Steele, Clarence A."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","University of Virginia","University of Virginia. Northern Virginia Center"],"creators_ssim":["Steele, Clarence A.","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","University of Virginia","University of Virginia. Northern Virginia Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Collection donated by Clarence A. Steele in 1999."],"access_subjects_ssim":["University extension -- United States","Transportation -- United States -- Planning","Transportation","Transportation -- Planning"],"access_subjects_ssm":["University extension -- United States","Transportation -- United States -- Planning","Transportation","Transportation -- Planning"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.25 Linear Feet (3 boxes)"],"extent_tesim":["1.25 Linear Feet (3 boxes)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged chronologically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eClarence A. Steele was the chairman of the Exploratory Committee and Advisory Council to the Northern Virginia University Center (NVUC). The Center was established in September 1949 as an adult education extension of the University of Virginia (UVa) at Charlottesville. A few years before, the idea for a center was set into motion. Seeing an opportunity for educational expansion and recognizing the needs of the growing Northern Virginia population, University of Virginia's Extension Division, headed by Professor George B. Zehmer, formed an Exploratory Committee to work out a feasibility plan for creating an extension in Northern Virginia. The result was the Northern Virginia University Center, which became fully operational in February 1950, with six classes enrolling about 50 students.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Extension Division named John Norville Gibson Finley as the Center's first director. The Center's administrative offices and \"campus\" were located on the campus of Washington-Lee High School in Arlington, Virginia. During the Center's early years, it offered college-level courses for adults. By the fall of 1953, the Center grew to 55 classes with 900 enrolled students. The Center, which had set out to serve only the immediate Washington metropolitan area in Virginia, expanded to serve an area that encompassed a radius of thirty miles around Arlington. This significant growth forced the Center to reevaluate its mission to the population it served. So in 1954, an Advisory Council formed to examine the challenges of expansion and to consider a \"possible change of character\" for the Center. Moreover, it was asked to \"interpret the community and its desires to the University\" and to \"assist in creating a climate of demand for the educational services offered.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Advisory Council consisted of sixteen members, all of whom resided in Northern Virginia. The Council's first meeting was on January 4, 1954 in Washington-Lee High School, called and chaired by Clarence A. Steele, former chairman of the Center's Exploratory Committee, which the Council superseded. As chair, Steele presided over meetings and directed the activities of the Council. Together with Mr. Zehmer, head of the Extension Division, and President Colgate W. Darden of the University of Virginia, the Council explored ways to convert the Center into a formal branch of University of Virginia. Steele and the Council immediately began a dialogue with prominent members of the community, including Virginia senators Charles R. Fenwick and Harry F. Byrd, Jr., hoping to find support for a branch of the University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn order to establish a branch, the Center had to comply with standards enacted by the Southern Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools, of which the University of Virginia was a member. Standards included: (1) a centrally located building sufficient for administration and instruction; (2) a sizable nucleus of full-time faculty members to ensure permanence and continuity; (3) adequate library and laboratory facilities; (4) a stable pattern of course offerings. Aware that the Center did not meet all of these conditions, the Advisory Council used the Southern Association standards as a foundation for their proposal. Steele thereby formed committees to focus on meeting the standards. The committees included: Building and Grounds, Ways and Means, Public Relations, Legal Council, and Research. This focus streamlined the Council, allowing members to use their expertise most productively. President Darden gave his full support to the endeavor, providing his own philosophy as an impetus: \"bring the University of Virginia to the people\" and \"promote adult education formally and informally; culturally as well as technically.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe most important task facing the Council was the search for a location for the new college. Throughout late 1954 and all of 1955 they searched for tracts of land suitable for a permanent location. In the meantime, the Northern Virginia Center (as the Center was now called) continued to grow, expanding to 110 classes with 2,100 enrolled students in the spring of 1956. More startling was the prediction that enrollment would reach 8,000 adult students within a decade. This, along with the area's growing number of high school graduates, necessitated a new emphasis: one which would make the branch an affordable two-year institution with day classes - serving all students, not just adults. At this time, a Virginia House Joint Resolution passed, \"authorizing the establishment of a branch of the University of Virginia to be located in Northern Virginia\" (passed by the House of Delegates and the Senate of Virginia in February 1956), thereby providing the legal underpinning to continue the expansion of the Center.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy early 1956, many locations for the branch had been scouted out and researched. President Darden insisted that the college \"have an appropriate campus, an ample campus, ample acres for spacing buildings, for parking, for playing fields of various kinds, for woods and vistas.\" Later in the year, three sites were seriously considered: the Ravensworth estate, between Annandale and Springfield, along Braddock Road; the Bowman or Herndon tracts, on the Sunset Hills farm land near Herndon; and seven Prince William County sites, including one along the border of Manassas Battlefield Park. In the summer of 1956, the Advisory Council unanimously endorsed the Ravensworth site. But not long after, a sub-committee assigned by the University of Virginia Board of Visitors was charged to survey the locations, and, to the Council's chagrin, it recommended the Bowman tract.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe disagreement arose from an apparent conflict of interest between the Advisory Council and the Visitors sub-committee. A few years prior, the Virginia Advisory Legislative Council to the Governor and the General Assembly (VALC) drafted a report, recommending that new university branches should only be two-year institutions and be self-supportive. In other words, VALC \"wanted to establish urban branches [without dormitories] where students could live at home,\" and thus raise the cost of tuition, saving the state from unnecessary expenses.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccordingly, in their search for branch locations, the Advisory Council looked for sites that would accommodate a \"2-year, non-dormitory type of institution ONLY.\" They found the Ravensworth site ideal for those purposes. Conversely, the Visitors sub-committee's choice of the Bowman tract - a much larger and even more isolated area - clearly \"envisioned a full scale dormitory type institution.\" The Council was unaware of the University of Virginia's plan to establish a large, four-year college with an extensive campus, and was unprepared for such a shift in focus.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGathering what support they could, the Council sent delegations from Arlington, Alexandria and Fairfax Counties to persuade the Board of Visitors to reconsider. Several members of the Visitors were openly antagonistic to the Ravensworth site, mainly because the Bowman tract offered a firmer political base to the region. Others felt that there was \"little use for Northern Virginia\" for the future of the University. After some debate the Visitors dryly agreed to \"take the whole matter of establishing a branch under advisement.\" A few years later, in 1959, the Council and the Visitors settled their differences and decided on an entirely new site: the Farr tract, the site on which George Mason University now stands, located less than one mile south of Fairfax City.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Advisory Council to the Northern Virginia Center, with Clarence A. Steele at the helm, faced many challenges during the early years of its existence. The problems associated with growth, the evaluation of educational needs in Northern Virginia, and the search for a new location for the University branch occupied much time and required considerable investment.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Clarence A. Steele was the chairman of the Exploratory Committee and Advisory Council to the Northern Virginia University Center (NVUC). The Center was established in September 1949 as an adult education extension of the University of Virginia (UVa) at Charlottesville. A few years before, the idea for a center was set into motion. Seeing an opportunity for educational expansion and recognizing the needs of the growing Northern Virginia population, University of Virginia's Extension Division, headed by Professor George B. Zehmer, formed an Exploratory Committee to work out a feasibility plan for creating an extension in Northern Virginia. The result was the Northern Virginia University Center, which became fully operational in February 1950, with six classes enrolling about 50 students.","The Extension Division named John Norville Gibson Finley as the Center's first director. The Center's administrative offices and \"campus\" were located on the campus of Washington-Lee High School in Arlington, Virginia. During the Center's early years, it offered college-level courses for adults. By the fall of 1953, the Center grew to 55 classes with 900 enrolled students. The Center, which had set out to serve only the immediate Washington metropolitan area in Virginia, expanded to serve an area that encompassed a radius of thirty miles around Arlington. This significant growth forced the Center to reevaluate its mission to the population it served. So in 1954, an Advisory Council formed to examine the challenges of expansion and to consider a \"possible change of character\" for the Center. Moreover, it was asked to \"interpret the community and its desires to the University\" and to \"assist in creating a climate of demand for the educational services offered.\"","The Advisory Council consisted of sixteen members, all of whom resided in Northern Virginia. The Council's first meeting was on January 4, 1954 in Washington-Lee High School, called and chaired by Clarence A. Steele, former chairman of the Center's Exploratory Committee, which the Council superseded. As chair, Steele presided over meetings and directed the activities of the Council. Together with Mr. Zehmer, head of the Extension Division, and President Colgate W. Darden of the University of Virginia, the Council explored ways to convert the Center into a formal branch of University of Virginia. Steele and the Council immediately began a dialogue with prominent members of the community, including Virginia senators Charles R. Fenwick and Harry F. Byrd, Jr., hoping to find support for a branch of the University of Virginia.","In order to establish a branch, the Center had to comply with standards enacted by the Southern Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools, of which the University of Virginia was a member. Standards included: (1) a centrally located building sufficient for administration and instruction; (2) a sizable nucleus of full-time faculty members to ensure permanence and continuity; (3) adequate library and laboratory facilities; (4) a stable pattern of course offerings. Aware that the Center did not meet all of these conditions, the Advisory Council used the Southern Association standards as a foundation for their proposal. Steele thereby formed committees to focus on meeting the standards. The committees included: Building and Grounds, Ways and Means, Public Relations, Legal Council, and Research. This focus streamlined the Council, allowing members to use their expertise most productively. President Darden gave his full support to the endeavor, providing his own philosophy as an impetus: \"bring the University of Virginia to the people\" and \"promote adult education formally and informally; culturally as well as technically.\"","The most important task facing the Council was the search for a location for the new college. Throughout late 1954 and all of 1955 they searched for tracts of land suitable for a permanent location. In the meantime, the Northern Virginia Center (as the Center was now called) continued to grow, expanding to 110 classes with 2,100 enrolled students in the spring of 1956. More startling was the prediction that enrollment would reach 8,000 adult students within a decade. This, along with the area's growing number of high school graduates, necessitated a new emphasis: one which would make the branch an affordable two-year institution with day classes - serving all students, not just adults. At this time, a Virginia House Joint Resolution passed, \"authorizing the establishment of a branch of the University of Virginia to be located in Northern Virginia\" (passed by the House of Delegates and the Senate of Virginia in February 1956), thereby providing the legal underpinning to continue the expansion of the Center.","By early 1956, many locations for the branch had been scouted out and researched. President Darden insisted that the college \"have an appropriate campus, an ample campus, ample acres for spacing buildings, for parking, for playing fields of various kinds, for woods and vistas.\" Later in the year, three sites were seriously considered: the Ravensworth estate, between Annandale and Springfield, along Braddock Road; the Bowman or Herndon tracts, on the Sunset Hills farm land near Herndon; and seven Prince William County sites, including one along the border of Manassas Battlefield Park. In the summer of 1956, the Advisory Council unanimously endorsed the Ravensworth site. But not long after, a sub-committee assigned by the University of Virginia Board of Visitors was charged to survey the locations, and, to the Council's chagrin, it recommended the Bowman tract.","The disagreement arose from an apparent conflict of interest between the Advisory Council and the Visitors sub-committee. A few years prior, the Virginia Advisory Legislative Council to the Governor and the General Assembly (VALC) drafted a report, recommending that new university branches should only be two-year institutions and be self-supportive. In other words, VALC \"wanted to establish urban branches [without dormitories] where students could live at home,\" and thus raise the cost of tuition, saving the state from unnecessary expenses.","Accordingly, in their search for branch locations, the Advisory Council looked for sites that would accommodate a \"2-year, non-dormitory type of institution ONLY.\" They found the Ravensworth site ideal for those purposes. Conversely, the Visitors sub-committee's choice of the Bowman tract - a much larger and even more isolated area - clearly \"envisioned a full scale dormitory type institution.\" The Council was unaware of the University of Virginia's plan to establish a large, four-year college with an extensive campus, and was unprepared for such a shift in focus.","Gathering what support they could, the Council sent delegations from Arlington, Alexandria and Fairfax Counties to persuade the Board of Visitors to reconsider. Several members of the Visitors were openly antagonistic to the Ravensworth site, mainly because the Bowman tract offered a firmer political base to the region. Others felt that there was \"little use for Northern Virginia\" for the future of the University. After some debate the Visitors dryly agreed to \"take the whole matter of establishing a branch under advisement.\" A few years later, in 1959, the Council and the Visitors settled their differences and decided on an entirely new site: the Farr tract, the site on which George Mason University now stands, located less than one mile south of Fairfax City.","The Advisory Council to the Northern Virginia Center, with Clarence A. Steele at the helm, faced many challenges during the early years of its existence. The problems associated with growth, the evaluation of educational needs in Northern Virginia, and the search for a new location for the University branch occupied much time and required considerable investment."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eClarence A. Steele papers, C0056, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Clarence A. Steele papers, C0056, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in March 2009. Additional processing and EAD markup completed by Maria Forte in March 2010.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in March 2009. Additional processing and EAD markup completed by Maria Forte in March 2010."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center also holds the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"George Mason University archives\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/subjects/2075\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e and collections on \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"transportation\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/subjects/sh85137027\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center also holds the  and collections on ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains papers and material owned by Clarence A. Steele. Papers, relating to the Advisory Council to the Northern Virginia, include minutes of meetings, letters, newspapers, and miscellaneous documents. In addition the collection includes road-use surveys, manuals, personnel hiring and correspondence for surveys managed by Clarence A. Steele in Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Oklahoma, Ohio and Pennsylvania from 1935 to 1936.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains papers and material owned by Clarence A. Steele. Papers, relating to the Advisory Council to the Northern Virginia, include minutes of meetings, letters, newspapers, and miscellaneous documents. In addition the collection includes road-use surveys, manuals, personnel hiring and correspondence for surveys managed by Clarence A. Steele in Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Oklahoma, Ohio and Pennsylvania from 1935 to 1936."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e16eae29ce17c7112c102016dc8347cc\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection contains papers and material owned by Clarence A. Steele relating to the Advisory Council to the Northern Virginia University Center. Included are minutes of meetings, letters, newspapers, and miscellaneous documents.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains papers and material owned by Clarence A. Steele relating to the Advisory Council to the Northern Virginia University Center. Included are minutes of meetings, letters, newspapers, and miscellaneous documents."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","University of Virginia","University of Virginia. Northern Virginia Center"],"names_coll_ssim":["University of Virginia","University of Virginia. Northern Virginia Center"],"persname_ssim":["Steele, Clarence A."],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","University of Virginia","University of Virginia. Northern Virginia Center","Steele, Clarence A."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":78,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:34:21.201Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_158_c01"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9853_c01_c01","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"\"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics\", 1809/2015","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9853_c01_c01#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eA series of binders compiled by Richard Wright on the history of Black American depictions in comic art.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9853_c01_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9853_c01_c01","ref_ssm":["viw_repositories_2_resources_9853_c01_c01"],"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9853_c01_c01","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9853","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9853","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9853_c01","parent_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9853_c01","parent_ssim":["Richard Wright collection, 1806/2017","Series 1: Research files"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viw_repositories_2_resources_9853","viw_repositories_2_resources_9853_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"\"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics\"","title_ssm":["\"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics\""],"title_tesim":["\"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics\""],"normalized_title_ssm":["\"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics\", 1809/2015"],"text":["\"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics\", 1809/2015","Richard Wright collection, 1806/2017","Series 1: Research files","A series of binders compiled by Richard Wright on the history of Black American depictions in comic art."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Richard Wright collection, 1806/2017","Series 1: Research files"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Richard Wright collection, 1806/2017","Series 1: Research files"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1809/2015"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1809-2015"],"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":2,"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"collection_ssim":["Richard Wright collection, 1806/2017"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":19,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"date_range_isim":[1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA series of binders compiled by Richard Wright on the history of Black American depictions in comic art.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["A series of binders compiled by Richard Wright on the history of Black American depictions in comic art."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#0","timestamp":"2026-08-14T23:05:56.987Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9853","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9853","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9853","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9853","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_9853.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Richard Wright collection","title_ssm":["Richard Wright collection"],"title_tesim":["Richard Wright collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1806-2017"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1806-2017"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1806/2017"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Richard Wright collection, 1806/2017"],"text":["Richard Wright collection, 1806/2017","MS 00317","/repositories/2/resources/9853","Comic books, strips, etc","African Americans--Caricatures and cartoons","Racism in popular culture","Drawings (visual works)","Motion pictures (visual work)","Sheet music","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","This collection is arranged into nine series: Research files, Collecting records, Minstrel shows, Scrapbooks and portfolios, Original artwork, Print and poster reproductions, Newspapers, Printed materials, and Audiovisual materials.","Published books and comics can be found in our Rare Books collection.","Richard Wright (1946-2019) grew up in New York and attended college at Bradley University in Peoria, IL on an academic scholarship. He originally planned to study chemistry but graduated with a Bachelor of Political Science instead.","Wright moved to Stamford, Connecticut, where he met and married Minister Deborah V. P. Wright (1953-2012). They had three children together: Aaron Person, Joslynn S. Hamlet, and Porchia M. W. Smith.","Wright spent the bulk of his career working as a court officer in the social services Department of Child Support in Connecticut until his retirement in 2013. He then moved to Williamsburg, Virgina, where he lived until his passing in 2019.","He was an active member of Faith Tabernacle Missionary Baptist Church in Stamford, Connecticut. He served as a member of the trustee board, and sang in the Male Chorus and Inspirational Choir. Upon relocating to Williamsburg, VA, he joined Colossian Baptist Church in Newport News, and once again served as a choir member.","Outside of the church, Wright also served as the president of the Stamford Chapter of the NAACP, was a member of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity Inc., and worked as a volunteer and mentor for a substance abuse rehabilitation program called Liberation House.","While living in Stamford, Wright began collecting Black comic books in 1986 because \"he wanted to have a hobby.\" His collection eventually grew beyond comics to include books, art works, photographs, and audio visual materials on the same topic. He saw the images that he collected over the years as a way to better tell the story of the depiction of Black Americans in visual media. In 2019, Wright donated his collection to William \u0026 Mary so that it might be \"a helpful resource to students\" in the future.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","Comic book volumes and other published materials included with this collection have been transfered to Rare Books and cataloged individually.","The Richard Wright collection, compiled by Richard Wright and orginally referred to by Wright as \"The Richard Wright collection of Graphic Images of African Americans,\" focuses on the evolution of the Black American image in print media, cartoons and comics. Wright organized his own historical timeline titled \"Good Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics,\" also referred to as \"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics,\" in a series of binders with artist biographies and time period summaries. Item titles have been retained from the original labels.","Materials in this collection include: books, comic books, magazines, prints, reference books, slides, photographs, CDs, DVDs, sheet music, newspaper strips, lithographs, and artwork.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Richard Wright collection, 1806/2017"],"collection_ssim":["Richard Wright collection, 1806/2017"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS 00317","/repositories/2/resources/9853"],"unitid_tesim":["MS 00317","/repositories/2/resources/9853"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Richard Wright."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Comic books, strips, etc","African Americans--Caricatures and cartoons","Racism in popular culture","Drawings (visual works)","Motion pictures (visual work)","Sheet music"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Comic books, strips, etc","African Americans--Caricatures and cartoons","Racism in popular culture","Drawings (visual works)","Motion pictures (visual work)","Sheet music"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["21.68 Linear Feet 52 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["21.68 Linear Feet 52 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Drawings (visual works)","Motion pictures (visual work)","Sheet music"],"date_range_isim":[1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. 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Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into nine series: Research files, Collecting records, Minstrel shows, Scrapbooks and portfolios, Original artwork, Print and poster reproductions, Newspapers, Printed materials, and Audiovisual materials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePublished books and comics can be found in our Rare Books collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into nine series: Research files, Collecting records, Minstrel shows, Scrapbooks and portfolios, Original artwork, Print and poster reproductions, Newspapers, Printed materials, and Audiovisual materials.","Published books and comics can be found in our Rare Books collection."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRichard Wright (1946-2019) grew up in New York and attended college at Bradley University in Peoria, IL on an academic scholarship. 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In 2019, Wright donated his collection to William \u0026amp; Mary so that it might be \"a helpful resource to students\" in the future.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Richard Wright (1946-2019) grew up in New York and attended college at Bradley University in Peoria, IL on an academic scholarship. He originally planned to study chemistry but graduated with a Bachelor of Political Science instead.","Wright moved to Stamford, Connecticut, where he met and married Minister Deborah V. P. Wright (1953-2012). They had three children together: Aaron Person, Joslynn S. Hamlet, and Porchia M. W. Smith.","Wright spent the bulk of his career working as a court officer in the social services Department of Child Support in Connecticut until his retirement in 2013. He then moved to Williamsburg, Virgina, where he lived until his passing in 2019.","He was an active member of Faith Tabernacle Missionary Baptist Church in Stamford, Connecticut. He served as a member of the trustee board, and sang in the Male Chorus and Inspirational Choir. Upon relocating to Williamsburg, VA, he joined Colossian Baptist Church in Newport News, and once again served as a choir member.","Outside of the church, Wright also served as the president of the Stamford Chapter of the NAACP, was a member of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity Inc., and worked as a volunteer and mentor for a substance abuse rehabilitation program called Liberation House.","While living in Stamford, Wright began collecting Black comic books in 1986 because \"he wanted to have a hobby.\" His collection eventually grew beyond comics to include books, art works, photographs, and audio visual materials on the same topic. He saw the images that he collected over the years as a way to better tell the story of the depiction of Black Americans in visual media. In 2019, Wright donated his collection to William \u0026 Mary so that it might be \"a helpful resource to students\" in the future."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRichard Wright collection, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026amp; Mary Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Richard Wright collection, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026 Mary Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eComic book volumes and other published materials included with this collection have been transfered to Rare Books and cataloged individually.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Comic book volumes and other published materials included with this collection have been transfered to Rare Books and cataloged individually."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Richard Wright collection, compiled by Richard Wright and orginally referred to by Wright as \"The Richard Wright collection of Graphic Images of African Americans,\" focuses on the evolution of the Black American image in print media, cartoons and comics. Wright organized his own historical timeline titled \"Good Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics,\" also referred to as \"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics,\" in a series of binders with artist biographies and time period summaries. Item titles have been retained from the original labels.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials in this collection include: books, comic books, magazines, prints, reference books, slides, photographs, CDs, DVDs, sheet music, newspaper strips, lithographs, and artwork. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Richard Wright collection, compiled by Richard Wright and orginally referred to by Wright as \"The Richard Wright collection of Graphic Images of African Americans,\" focuses on the evolution of the Black American image in print media, cartoons and comics. Wright organized his own historical timeline titled \"Good Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics,\" also referred to as \"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics,\" in a series of binders with artist biographies and time period summaries. Item titles have been retained from the original labels.","Materials in this collection include: books, comic books, magazines, prints, reference books, slides, photographs, CDs, DVDs, sheet music, newspaper strips, lithographs, and artwork."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":987,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T23:05:56.987Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9853_c01_c01"}},{"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_925_c112_c71","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Cleopatra Evalina \"Party\" Hughes journals on everyday life and families in the Upper Kerrs Creek Rockbridge County community, 1738/1971","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_925_c112_c71#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eIncludes printouts of photographs given by Stewart Bennington.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_925_c112_c71#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_925_c112_c71","ref_ssm":["vilxw_repositories_5_resources_925_c112_c71"],"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_925_c112_c71","ead_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_925","_root_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_925","_nest_parent_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_925_c112","parent_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_925_c112","parent_ssim":["Washington and Lee University and Regional Virginia History Research Collection, 1609/2016","Additional W\u0026L Misc Files"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vilxw_repositories_5_resources_925","vilxw_repositories_5_resources_925_c112"],"title_filing_ssi":"Cleopatra Evalina \"Party\" Hughes journals on everyday life and families in the Upper Kerrs Creek Rockbridge County community","title_ssm":["Cleopatra Evalina \"Party\" Hughes journals on everyday life and families in the Upper Kerrs Creek Rockbridge County community"],"title_tesim":["Cleopatra Evalina \"Party\" Hughes journals on everyday life and families in the Upper Kerrs Creek Rockbridge County community"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Cleopatra Evalina \"Party\" Hughes journals on everyday life and families in the Upper Kerrs Creek Rockbridge County community, 1738/1971"],"text":["Cleopatra Evalina \"Party\" Hughes journals on everyday life and families in the Upper Kerrs Creek Rockbridge County community, 1738/1971","Washington and Lee University and Regional Virginia History Research Collection, 1609/2016","Additional W\u0026L Misc Files","Box 23","folder 41-49","Denmark School","Denmark Store","Denmark, Virginia","Tribbett's Store","Waterloo, Virginia","Kerrs Creek, Virginia","Walnut Flats School","Big Hill, Virginia","House Mountain. 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The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections."],"corpname_ssim":["Denmark School","Denmark Store","Denmark, Virginia","Tribbett's Store","Waterloo, Virginia","Kerrs Creek, Virginia","Walnut Flats School","Big Hill, Virginia","House Mountain. 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Rockbridge County, Virginia","Egypt, Virginia","Lucy Selena Furnace","Rockbridge Alum Springs","Downey Family","Carter Family","Hartbarger Family","Bennington Family","Hughes family","Knick Family","Teaford family","Hartbarger, Cleopatra Evalina \"Party\" Hughes","Bennington, Stewart"],"date_range_isim":[1738,1739,1740,1741,1742,1743,1744,1745,1746,1747,1748,1749,1750,1751,1752,1753,1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee also book, \"Big Hill Road,\" in our Rare Book Collection (Rare F 232 .R68 B466 2022), which was compiled by Stewart Bennington and his sister Barbara Nunley.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["See also book, \"Big Hill Road,\" in our Rare Book Collection (Rare F 232 .R68 B466 2022), which was compiled by Stewart Bennington and his sister Barbara Nunley."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIncludes printouts of photographs given by Stewart Bennington.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Includes printouts of photographs given by Stewart Bennington."],"_nest_path_":"/components#111/components#70","timestamp":"2026-08-29T00:04:12.677Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_925","ead_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_925","_root_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_925","_nest_parent_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_925","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WLU/repositories_5_resources_925.xml","title_ssm":["Washington and Lee University and Regional Virginia History Research Collection"],"title_tesim":["Washington and Lee University and Regional Virginia History Research Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1609-2016"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1609-2016"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1609/2016"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Washington and Lee University and Regional Virginia History Research Collection, 1609/2016"],"text":["Washington and Lee University and Regional Virginia History Research Collection, 1609/2016","WLU.Coll.0668","/repositories/5/resources/925","This collection is open for research use.","The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections.","Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Rockbridge Historical Society","First Baptist Church (Lexington, Va.)","Randolph Street Methodist Church (Lexington, Va.)","Lylburn Downing School (Lexington, Va.)","Washington Post Company","African-Americans.  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Chavis House","Rockbridge County News","Virginia Historical Society","R. E. Lee Memorial Episcopal Church (Lexington, Va.)","Richmond Times-Dispatch","Winchester Star","Washington and Lee University","United Daughters of the Confederacy","Lettie Pate Evans Foundation","Washington and Lee University. Department of Athletics. Football","Frederick Ladies Relief Society","Albemarle County, Virginia","Winthrop University","Washington and Lee University. Chapel","United States Military Academy","United States. National Archives and Records Administration","The Free-Lance Star","Staunton Spectator","Confederate States of America. Army","Lewiston Teller","Idaho Daily Statesman","Washington and Lee University, Department of Athletics, Track and Field","Lexington Historical Shop","Virginia Cavalcade","Washington and Lee University, Department of Journalism and Mass Communications","Norfolk State University (Va.). 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Brownsburg, Virginia.","Grace Memorial Church (Lexington, Va.)","Lexington Presbyterian Church (Lexington, Va.)","New Monmouth Presbyterian Church (Lexington, Va.)","Timber Ridge Presybterian Church (Lexington, Va.)","Bible Society of the Confederate States","Confederate States of America. Army. Virginia Artillery. Rockbridge Battery, 1st (1861-1865)","Saddle and Harness Company","Hadson Development Corporation","Sunnyside Farm","Virginia Horse Center","Frontier Culture Museum","Dejarnette Center","Stonewall Jackson Hospital Auxiliary Inc.","Robert E. Lee Hotel","House Mountain. Rockbridge County, Virginia","House Mountain Inn","Hull's Drive-In","Virginia--Rockbridge County--Artists","Rockbridge Regional Library (Lexington, Va.) (Lexington, VA)","West Virginia--Lost River State Park","West Virginia--Lee White Sulphur Spring","Jordan's Point","Palmer Community Center","Washington and Lee University. Phi Beta Kappa","Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company","Chesapeake and Ohio Railway","Yellow Sulphur Springs Company","Virginia--Richmond","Washington and Lee University. Lee House. President's House","Seven Hills. Rockbridge County, Virginia","Cross Roads School","Denmark School","Highland Belle School","Lexington High School (Lexington, Va.)","The Echo","The Scarletter","Liberty Hall Academy (Lexington, Va.)","Mountain View School","Palmer School","Southern Virginia College","Scotch Irish Congress","Franklin Society and Library Company of Lexington (Lexington, Va.)","The General Store (1894 - ) (Buena Vista, VA)","Denmark Store","Walker and Wood Brothers","United Daughters of the Confederacy. Rockbridge Chapter","Vesuvius Ruritan Club","Virginia Military Institute","Virginia Military Institute. Cameron Hall","University of Maryland","Virginia.  Public Schools","Washington Academy (Lexington, Va.)","Washington and Lee University--Alumni  and alumnae","Society of the Cincinnati in the State of Virginia","The Columns","Washington College","Concert Guild","Washington and Lee University. Doremus Gymnasium","Washington and Lee Univerity. Delta Kappa Epsilon","Kappa Alpha Order","Sigma Nu Fraternity. Lambda Chapter  (Washington and Lee University )","Habitat for Humanity, inc.","New York Times Company","Washington and Lee University.  Journalism Department","Washington and Lee University. School of Law","Washington and Lee University. Lenfest Center for the Arts","Washington and Lee University.  Memorial Gateway","Washington and Lee University. World War","Washington and Lee University. Mock Convention","Washington and Lee University. Tucker Hall","Persian Gulf War","Afghanistan","Vietnam War","World War II","Washington College (Lexington, Va.)","Mill Mountain Zoo","Natural Bridge Zoo","North River Navigation Company","Log Cabins","Ferries--Virginia","Big Spring Mill","Clifton Forge, Virginia","Shenandoah Valley Railroad","Virginia. Department of Highways","Fairfield, Virginia","Lime Kiln Theater (1984-) (Lexington, Virginia)","Beeton family","Rockbridge Area Master Gardeners Association","France. Armele. Escadrille Lafayette","First Baptist Church (Buena Vista, Virginia)","Taverns (Inns)--Rockbridge County, Virginia","African Americans. Amherst County, Virginia","Law. United States","Kerrs Creek Ruritan Club","Virginia. State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.)","Virginia. State Normal School for Women. Harrisonburg, Virginia","Virginia. Eliizabethan College. Salem, Virginia","World War II. Alcohol","World War II. Gasoline","Myers Hardware Co., Inc., Lexington, Virginia","Farming. Rockbridge County, Virginia.","Voting. Rockbridge County, Virginia","Rockbridge National Bank (Lexington, Va.)","Laws. Virginia","Buena Vista School Board","F. W. Kling, Jr. Elementary School. Buena Vista, Virginia","Farmer's Supply Co., Lexington, Virginia","Purina Mills, St. Louis, Missouri","Rockbridge Laundry and Dry Cleaners, Inc.","Rockbridge Farmer's Coop, Lexington, Virginia","Maple Festival (Highalnd County, Virginia)","Glen Maury Park (Buena Vista, Virginia)","Lake Robertson (Rockbridge County, Virginia)","Rockbridge Vineyard and Winery Company (Rockbridge County, Virginia)","Confederate States of America. Army. Virginia Cavalry Battalion 39th, Co.A","University Cleaners. (Lexington and Buena Vista, Virginia)","Denmark, Virginia","Tribbett's Store","Waterloo, Virginia","Kerrs Creek, Virginia","Walnut Flats School","Big Hill, Virginia","Egypt, Virginia","Lucy Selena Furnace","Rockbridge Alum Springs","Downey Family","Carter Family","Kentucky Lewis and Clark Bicentennial Commission","United States. National Park Service","Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation, Inc.","Philadelphia, Pennsylvania","Ohio River","U. S. Army Corps Of Engineers","Fincastle Presbyterian Church","Virginia Bureau of Child Health","Nurses--Virginia","Virginia Department of Health","Pulaski Co. 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Gill","Hotinger, Harvey Lewis","Hotinger, Myrtle","Howe, James Lewis, Jr.","Howerton, James Robert","Howerton, Mary N.","Huber, Helmot","Hudson, Frederick","Hull, Margaret Jones","Roosevelt, Eleanor","Hutcherson, James Morrison","Ipsen, Ernest","Moor, George","Jenks, James Alley","Johnson, Porter","Johnson, W.T. , Rev.","Johnston, William Preston","Jones, John","Jordan, Harry","Jordan, John","Joynes, Edward S.","Ju, I-Hsiung","Junkin, George, 1798 - 1868","Junkin, William F.","Kahle, Matthew","Kamen, Stan","Kateley, Jack","Kempton, Melvin","Watts, Laura","Styles, Spottswood","King, Martin Luther, Jr.","Kozak, Samuel Joseph","Labro, Philippe","Lacy, Beverly Tucker","Lafferty, John J.","Latane, William","Latture, Rupert Nelson","Lauck, Charles Harold","Lauck, Charley","Peniston, Robert C.","Lee, Annie Carter","Lee, Elijah","Lee, George Bolling","Iversen, Eve","Watts, Jeri Hanel","McCabe, W. 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William, 1931-1994","McCluer, Parry","McClung, Hunter, Dr.","McCown, Albert T.","Lockett, Ward","McCown, Josephine Hotinger","McCown, James L.","McCormick, Robert, 1780-1846","McCown, John","McCown, John Graham, 1918-1994","Marshall, Richard","McCown, Charles A.","McCown, Alertie","McCown Boyts, Helen Siberia, 1908-1989","McCown, William Burnette, 1912-1982","McCown, Albert Orr","Mccown, Ruby Showalter","Showalter, W.L.","Showalter, Nannie","McCown, Margaret Virginia","Showalter, Howard","Silas, William","Charles, H. Bernard","McCown, Samuel Thompson","McCown, Ida Shelton","McCown, Mary Shelton","Mccown, Jennifer","McCoy, John W.","McCrory, Julia A.","McCrory, Elizabeth","McCrory, Samuel H.","McCrum, Blanche Prichard","McCutchan, Frank, Rev.","McDowell, David Henry","McDowell, Ephriam, 1672-1775","McDowell, Samuel, 1735-1817","McDowell, John, 1706-1742","McFarland, Francis W., Reverend","McKee, William","McKee, John","McLaughlin, William","McLeod, Josephine","Menkemeller , Charles Allison","Miles, A. 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Donald","Rice, W. Thomas","Riegel, O. W. (Oscar Wetherhold)","Ritz, Wilfred Julius","Robbins, Tom","Robertson, A. 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(George Stephen)","Williams, Bob","Williams, Boyd H.","Williams, Charles Wiley","Williamson, Thomas Hoomes","Willis, Henry Parker","Wilson, William Lyne","Winchester, James R.","Winston, Daniel","Wolfe, Thomas","Woods, Magdalene","Woods, Michael","Wu, Nelson I.","Young, Cy","Ziegler, Thomas Joseph","Zimmer, Anne Carter","Bare, Virginia R.","Wade, Herman J.","Sensabaugh, Thomas Everett","Sensabaugh, Dorothy","Bare, Emily Lorena","Patterson, Ed","Miller, Henry","Mikell, Louise","Vance, Samuel","Robb, Charles S.","McAlpine, Katherine E.","Gilliam, Frank Johnson","Clark, Pendleton Scott","Gillette, Charles","Lee, Carter","Hobbs, Patricia A.","Douty, Horace","Alphin, Mary","Agnew, Jean Cameron, 1877-1955","Irvine, Carrie M.","Brockenbrough, John","Reynolds, Patrick M","Young, Neely","Quarles, James A., Dr. (James Addison)","Elrod, Mimi Milner","Rutherford, John, Class of 1966","Kern, Thomas D.","Hadsel, Fred L.","Jarrett, H. Marshall","Lykes, Joseph","Lykes, John","McGuire, Odell S.","Rogers, James C.","Ranson, Thomas D.","Whitley, Paige","Ross, Jacob","Skinner, John","Reed, Avery H.","Gilvin, Jack","Lewis, Peter Simon","McClung, Ann","MacLeod, Douglas","Duvall, Severn Parker Costin","Kondayan, Betty Ruth","Borgus, Brown Colbert","Henry, Patrick","Goldsten, Joseph","Phillips, Charles Franklin, Jr.","White, G. Edward","Hotinger, Catherine Von Bora Alphin","Alphin, Leonidas LyCurgus","Alphin, Olive Virginia Teaford","Welsh, Hope","Rader, Mary E.","McCown, Margaret Virginia Tardy","Hank, J. D., Jr.","Kling, F. W., Jr.","Rouse, Parke Shepherd, III","Carter, Erle Preston","Walter, Frederick William","Walter, Dorsey","Walter, Franklin Gardner","Hartbarger, Cleopatra Evalina \"Party\" Hughes","Bennington, Stewart","Holladay, James Minor, Rev.","McCurdy, John","Spong, William B., Jr., Senator","Lyndon B. Johnson, President","Lyle, Royster, Jr.","Thomas, Carlson, Mrs","Darst, H. Jackson, Dr.","Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865","Hotinger, Josephine Susan","Rice, Horace R.","Materials entirely in English."],"collection_title_tesim":["Washington and Lee University and Regional Virginia History Research Collection, 1609/2016"],"collection_ssim":["Washington and Lee University and Regional Virginia History Research Collection, 1609/2016"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["WLU.Coll.0668","/repositories/5/resources/925"],"unitid_tesim":["WLU.Coll.0668","/repositories/5/resources/925"],"repository_ssm":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Gunn, John McKenzie, Jr.","Adamson, Emily B.","Cauthern, Leslie","Delaney, Theodore C., Jr., Dr.","Jones, Falvorees, Jr.","Morrison, Edlow","Scott, Margaret","Thompson, Irma Blake","Collins, Courtney","Thompson, Irene","African-Americans. 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Donald","Rice, W. Thomas","Riegel, O. W. (Oscar Wetherhold)","Ritz, Wilfred Julius","Robbins, Tom","Robertson, A. Willis (Absalom Willis)","Robinson, John","Root, E.C.","Ruffner, William Henry","Rutherford, Robert","Schlegel, Robert","Sensabaugh, Deborah","Sewall, Samuel Edmund","Shafer, Susan","Shannon, Edgar Finley, Jr., Dr.","Shannon, Samuel","Shields, Jefferson","Silver, Arthur","Smith, Henry Louis","Smith, Livingston Waddell","Snyder, Louis Vernon","Sprunt, David Worth","Stewart, Robert","Still, Andrew Taylor Still","Sugrue, Thomas J.","Swaim, Curran","Switzer, Frank C.","Tate, William M.","Taylor, Charles Holt","Taylor, William","Telford, Robert Lee","Thompson, William M. , 1864-1955","Tilson, Warren Edward","Tracy, Betty (Elizabeth Kilbourne), 1908-1993","Tucker, Robert Henry","Turnbull, Walter Jonathan","Twombly, Cy","Valentine, Edward Virginius, 1838-1930","Vethake, Henry","Wade, Wada Phyllis","Walker, Forrest Edward","Warren, Mame (Mary Elizabeth)","Washburn, William Crane","Washington, Booker T., 1856-1915","Watkin, Lawrence Edward","Watkins, Richard","Watt, William Joseph","Weaver, William","White, Annie Jo","White, Archibald S., Jr","White, B.D.","White, Henry Alexander","Whitney, George S. 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National Archives and Records Administration","The Free-Lance Star","Staunton Spectator","Confederate States of America. Army","Lewiston Teller","Idaho Daily Statesman","Washington and Lee University, Department of Athletics, Track and Field","Lexington Historical Shop","Virginia Cavalcade","Washington and Lee University, Department of Journalism and Mass Communications","Norfolk State University (Va.). Academy for Collegiate Excellence and Student Success","Washington and Lee University. Treasurer","Washington and Lee University. Registrar","Rural Living","McCormick Harvesting Machine Company","Washington and Lee University. Admissions Department","Parry McCluer High School","Rockbridge County, Virginia. School Board","Printing","The Dallas Daily Herald","Stonewall Jackson Memorial Hospital","Stonewall Jackson Hospital","Washington and Lee University. Student Health Center","Lindsey Funeral Home","The Coffeyville Daily Journal","Columbia University","Outdoor Sportsman Group. Fly Fisherman","Omicron Delta Kappa. Alpha Circle","Human Rights","Shenandoah Valley","Osteopathy","Horses","African Americans. Rockbridge County, Virginia","Brownsburg High School","African Americans.  Brownsburg, Virginia.","Grace Memorial Church (Lexington, Va.)","Lexington Presbyterian Church (Lexington, Va.)","New Monmouth Presbyterian Church (Lexington, Va.)","Timber Ridge Presybterian Church (Lexington, Va.)","Bible Society of the Confederate States","Confederate States of America. Army. Virginia Artillery. Rockbridge Battery, 1st (1861-1865)","Saddle and Harness Company","Hadson Development Corporation","Sunnyside Farm","Virginia Horse Center","Frontier Culture Museum","Dejarnette Center","Stonewall Jackson Hospital Auxiliary Inc.","Robert E. Lee Hotel","House Mountain. Rockbridge County, Virginia","House Mountain Inn","Hull's Drive-In","Virginia--Rockbridge County--Artists","Rockbridge Regional Library (Lexington, Va.) (Lexington, VA)","West Virginia--Lost River State Park","West Virginia--Lee White Sulphur Spring","Jordan's Point","Palmer Community Center","Washington and Lee University. Phi Beta Kappa","Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company","Chesapeake and Ohio Railway","Yellow Sulphur Springs Company","Virginia--Richmond","Washington and Lee University. Lee House. President's House","Seven Hills. Rockbridge County, Virginia","Cross Roads School","Denmark School","Highland Belle School","Lexington High School (Lexington, Va.)","The Echo","The Scarletter","Liberty Hall Academy (Lexington, Va.)","Mountain View School","Palmer School","Southern Virginia College","Scotch Irish Congress","Franklin Society and Library Company of Lexington (Lexington, Va.)","The General Store (1894 - ) (Buena Vista, VA)","Denmark Store","Walker and Wood Brothers","United Daughters of the Confederacy. Rockbridge Chapter","Vesuvius Ruritan Club","Virginia Military Institute","Virginia Military Institute. Cameron Hall","University of Maryland","Virginia.  Public Schools","Washington Academy (Lexington, Va.)","Washington and Lee University--Alumni  and alumnae","Society of the Cincinnati in the State of Virginia","The Columns","Washington College","Concert Guild","Washington and Lee University. Doremus Gymnasium","Washington and Lee Univerity. Delta Kappa Epsilon","Kappa Alpha Order","Sigma Nu Fraternity. Lambda Chapter  (Washington and Lee University )","Habitat for Humanity, inc.","New York Times Company","Washington and Lee University.  Journalism Department","Washington and Lee University. School of Law","Washington and Lee University. Lenfest Center for the Arts","Washington and Lee University.  Memorial Gateway","Washington and Lee University. World War","Washington and Lee University. Mock Convention","Washington and Lee University. Tucker Hall","Persian Gulf War","Afghanistan","Vietnam War","World War II","Washington College (Lexington, Va.)","Mill Mountain Zoo","Natural Bridge Zoo","North River Navigation Company","Log Cabins","Ferries--Virginia","Big Spring Mill","Clifton Forge, Virginia","Shenandoah Valley Railroad","Virginia. Department of Highways","Fairfield, Virginia","Lime Kiln Theater (1984-) (Lexington, Virginia)","Beeton family","Rockbridge Area Master Gardeners Association","France. Armele. Escadrille Lafayette","First Baptist Church (Buena Vista, Virginia)","Taverns (Inns)--Rockbridge County, Virginia","African Americans. Amherst County, Virginia","Law. United States","Kerrs Creek Ruritan Club","Virginia. State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.)","Virginia. State Normal School for Women. Harrisonburg, Virginia","Virginia. Eliizabethan College. Salem, Virginia","World War II. Alcohol","World War II. Gasoline","Myers Hardware Co., Inc., Lexington, Virginia","Farming. Rockbridge County, Virginia.","Voting. Rockbridge County, Virginia","Rockbridge National Bank (Lexington, Va.)","Laws. Virginia","Buena Vista School Board","F. W. Kling, Jr. Elementary School. Buena Vista, Virginia","Farmer's Supply Co., Lexington, Virginia","Purina Mills, St. Louis, Missouri","Rockbridge Laundry and Dry Cleaners, Inc.","Rockbridge Farmer's Coop, Lexington, Virginia","Maple Festival (Highalnd County, Virginia)","Glen Maury Park (Buena Vista, Virginia)","Lake Robertson (Rockbridge County, Virginia)","Rockbridge Vineyard and Winery Company (Rockbridge County, Virginia)","Confederate States of America. Army. Virginia Cavalry Battalion 39th, Co.A","University Cleaners. (Lexington and Buena Vista, Virginia)","Denmark, Virginia","Tribbett's Store","Waterloo, Virginia","Kerrs Creek, Virginia","Walnut Flats School","Big Hill, Virginia","Egypt, Virginia","Lucy Selena Furnace","Rockbridge Alum Springs","Downey Family","Carter Family","Kentucky Lewis and Clark Bicentennial Commission","United States. National Park Service","Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation, Inc.","Philadelphia, Pennsylvania","Ohio River","U. S. Army Corps Of Engineers","Fincastle Presbyterian Church","Virginia Bureau of Child Health","Nurses--Virginia","Virginia Department of Health","Pulaski Co. (Va.)","Montgomery County (Va.)","Barclay family","Boatwright Family","Brooks family","Hamilton Family","McDowell family","Johnson family","Snowden Family","Matthews Family","McCown family","Newcomb Family","Rouse Family","Ruffner family","Washington Family","Webster Family","Ailstock Family","Alexander family","Alford Family","Anderson family","Blair family","Borden family","Brockenbrough family","Broun family","Brubeck family","Cunningham family","Custis family","Debo family","Dold family","Doremus Family","Edmiston family","Elliott Family","Fix Family","Gaines Family","Harer family","Harman family","Houston family","Hughes family","Johnston family","Jordan Family","Kahle Family","Link family","Livingston family","McAfee family","McClintic family","McFarland family","Mohler family","Morrison family","Moore Family","Obenshain family","Paul family","Preston family","Rees Family","Rhea family","Richey family","Salling Family","Scott family","Shaw family","Sherrard Family","Singleton Family","Stuart family","Waddell family","Warner family","Watts family","Whitlock Family","Willson Family","Wood family","Young Family","Leyburn family","Boogher Family","Gouldman Family","Garland family","Hayslett family","Ramsey family","Rogers family","Stearns family","Drummond family","Dickinson family","Mason family","Griffin family","Grigsby family","Porter Family","McGuffin Family","Hartless family","Alphin Family","Hartbarger Family","Bennington Family","Knick Family","Teaford family"],"access_terms_ssm":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["12 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["12 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1609,1610,1611,1612,1613,1614,1615,1616,1617,1618,1619,1620,1621,1622,1623,1624,1625,1626,1627,1628,1629,1630,1631,1632,1633,1634,1635,1636,1637,1638,1639,1640,1641,1642,1643,1644,1645,1646,1647,1648,1649,1650,1651,1652,1653,1654,1655,1656,1657,1658,1659,1660,1661,1662,1663,1664,1665,1666,1667,1668,1669,1670,1671,1672,1673,1674,1675,1676,1677,1678,1679,1680,1681,1682,1683,1684,1685,1686,1687,1688,1689,1690,1691,1692,1693,1694,1695,1696,1697,1698,1699,1700,1701,1702,1703,1704,1705,1706,1707,1708,1709,1710,1711,1712,1713,1714,1715,1716,1717,1718,1719,1720,1721,1722,1723,1724,1725,1726,1727,1728,1729,1730,1731,1732,1733,1734,1735,1736,1737,1738,1739,1740,1741,1742,1743,1744,1745,1746,1747,1748,1749,1750,1751,1752,1753,1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research use."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Washington and Lee University and Regional Virginia History Research Collection, WLU Coll. 0668, Special Collections and Archives, James G. 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Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections."],"corpname_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Rockbridge Historical Society","First Baptist Church (Lexington, Va.)","Randolph Street Methodist Church (Lexington, Va.)","Lylburn Downing School (Lexington, Va.)","Washington Post Company","African-Americans.  Staunton, Virginia","Agricultural Society of Rockbridge","Agriculture","Rockbridge Farmers Exchange","John Deere Centennial","United Way of America","Lee Memorial Association","Lexington Fire Department (Lexington, Va.)","Virginia Cooperative Extension","Rockbridge County Cooperative Extension","Southern Association of Colleges and Schools","Blue Ridge CASA for Children","Washington and Lee University. Board of Trustees","The Roanoke Times","Washington and Lee University. University Library. Special Collections and Archives","Lexington Gazette. 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National Archives and Records Administration","The Free-Lance Star","Staunton Spectator","Confederate States of America. Army","Lewiston Teller","Idaho Daily Statesman","Washington and Lee University, Department of Athletics, Track and Field","Lexington Historical Shop","Virginia Cavalcade","Washington and Lee University, Department of Journalism and Mass Communications","Norfolk State University (Va.). Academy for Collegiate Excellence and Student Success","Washington and Lee University. Treasurer","Washington and Lee University. Registrar","Rural Living","McCormick Harvesting Machine Company","Washington and Lee University. Admissions Department","Parry McCluer High School","Rockbridge County, Virginia. School Board","Printing","The Dallas Daily Herald","Stonewall Jackson Memorial Hospital","Stonewall Jackson Hospital","Washington and Lee University. Student Health Center","Lindsey Funeral Home","The Coffeyville Daily Journal","Columbia University","Outdoor Sportsman Group. 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(Lexington, VA)","West Virginia--Lost River State Park","West Virginia--Lee White Sulphur Spring","Jordan's Point","Palmer Community Center","Washington and Lee University. Phi Beta Kappa","Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company","Chesapeake and Ohio Railway","Yellow Sulphur Springs Company","Virginia--Richmond","Washington and Lee University. Lee House. President's House","Seven Hills. Rockbridge County, Virginia","Cross Roads School","Denmark School","Highland Belle School","Lexington High School (Lexington, Va.)","The Echo","The Scarletter","Liberty Hall Academy (Lexington, Va.)","Mountain View School","Palmer School","Southern Virginia College","Scotch Irish Congress","Franklin Society and Library Company of Lexington (Lexington, Va.)","The General Store (1894 - ) (Buena Vista, VA)","Denmark Store","Walker and Wood Brothers","United Daughters of the Confederacy. Rockbridge Chapter","Vesuvius Ruritan Club","Virginia Military Institute","Virginia Military Institute. Cameron Hall","University of Maryland","Virginia.  Public Schools","Washington Academy (Lexington, Va.)","Washington and Lee University--Alumni  and alumnae","Society of the Cincinnati in the State of Virginia","The Columns","Washington College","Concert Guild","Washington and Lee University. Doremus Gymnasium","Washington and Lee Univerity. Delta Kappa Epsilon","Kappa Alpha Order","Sigma Nu Fraternity. Lambda Chapter  (Washington and Lee University )","Habitat for Humanity, inc.","New York Times Company","Washington and Lee University.  Journalism Department","Washington and Lee University. School of Law","Washington and Lee University. Lenfest Center for the Arts","Washington and Lee University.  Memorial Gateway","Washington and Lee University. World War","Washington and Lee University. Mock Convention","Washington and Lee University. 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Rockbridge County, Virginia.","Voting. Rockbridge County, Virginia","Rockbridge National Bank (Lexington, Va.)","Laws. Virginia","Buena Vista School Board","F. W. Kling, Jr. Elementary School. Buena Vista, Virginia","Farmer's Supply Co., Lexington, Virginia","Purina Mills, St. Louis, Missouri","Rockbridge Laundry and Dry Cleaners, Inc.","Rockbridge Farmer's Coop, Lexington, Virginia","Maple Festival (Highalnd County, Virginia)","Glen Maury Park (Buena Vista, Virginia)","Lake Robertson (Rockbridge County, Virginia)","Rockbridge Vineyard and Winery Company (Rockbridge County, Virginia)","Confederate States of America. Army. Virginia Cavalry Battalion 39th, Co.A","University Cleaners. 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(Va.)","Montgomery County (Va.)"],"famname_ssim":["Barclay family","Boatwright Family","Brooks family","Hamilton Family","McDowell family","Johnson family","Snowden Family","Matthews Family","McCown family","Newcomb Family","Rouse Family","Ruffner family","Washington Family","Webster Family","Ailstock Family","Alexander family","Alford Family","Anderson family","Blair family","Borden family","Brockenbrough family","Broun family","Brubeck family","Cunningham family","Custis family","Debo family","Dold family","Doremus Family","Edmiston family","Elliott Family","Fix Family","Gaines Family","Harer family","Harman family","Houston family","Hughes family","Johnston family","Jordan Family","Kahle Family","Link family","Livingston family","McAfee family","McClintic family","McFarland family","Mohler family","Morrison family","Moore Family","Obenshain family","Paul family","Preston family","Rees Family","Rhea family","Richey family","Salling Family","Scott family","Shaw family","Sherrard Family","Singleton Family","Stuart family","Waddell family","Warner family","Watts family","Whitlock Family","Willson Family","Wood family","Young Family","Leyburn family","Boogher Family","Gouldman Family","Garland family","Hayslett family","Ramsey family","Rogers family","Stearns family","Drummond family","Dickinson family","Mason family","Griffin family","Grigsby family","Porter Family","McGuffin Family","Hartless family","Alphin Family","Hartbarger Family","Bennington Family","Knick Family","Teaford family"],"persname_ssim":["Gunn, John McKenzie, Jr.","Adamson, Emily B.","Cauthern, Leslie","Delaney, Theodore C., Jr., Dr.","Jones, Falvorees, Jr.","Morrison, Edlow","Scott, Margaret","Thompson, Irma Blake","Collins, Courtney","Thompson, Irene","African-Americans. 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Jackson, Dr.","Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865","Hotinger, Josephine Susan","Rice, Horace R."],"language_ssim":["Materials entirely in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":874,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-29T00:04:12.677Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_925_c112_c71"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4354_c03","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Clippings, 1905/1955","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4354_c03#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003ePress clippings (mostly from newspapers) and biographical information. Includes two clipping scrapbooks, for \"The Poet, Miss Kate, and I\" and \"In Calvert's Valley.\" Also includes folders of clippings for \"Uncle Sam of Freedom Ridge,\" \"Closed Doors,\" \"Deep Channel,\" \"England to America,\" \"Home to Him's Muvver,\" \"Linda,\" \"Twenty Minutes of Reality,\" and \"Up Eel River\" as well as miscellaneous clippings.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4354_c03#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4354_c03","ref_ssm":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4354_c03"],"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4354_c03","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4354","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4354","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4354","parent_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4354","parent_ssim":["Margaret Prescott Montague, Author, Papers, 1893/1958"],"parent_ids_ssim":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4354"],"title_filing_ssi":"Clippings","title_ssm":["Clippings"],"title_tesim":["Clippings"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Clippings, 1905/1955"],"text":["Clippings, 1905/1955","Margaret Prescott Montague, Author, Papers, 1893/1958","Box 14","Press clippings (mostly from newspapers) and biographical information. Includes two clipping scrapbooks, for \"The Poet, Miss Kate, and I\" and \"In Calvert's Valley.\" Also includes folders of clippings for \"Uncle Sam of Freedom Ridge,\" \"Closed Doors,\" \"Deep Channel,\" \"England to America,\" \"Home to Him's Muvver,\" \"Linda,\" \"Twenty Minutes of Reality,\" and \"Up Eel River\" as well as miscellaneous clippings."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Margaret Prescott Montague, Author, Papers, 1893/1958"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Margaret Prescott Montague, Author, Papers, 1893/1958"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1905/1955"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1905–1955"],"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":46,"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"collection_ssim":["Margaret Prescott Montague, Author, Papers, 1893/1958"],"containers_ssim":["Box 14"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["No special access restriction applies."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"date_range_isim":[1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePress clippings (mostly from newspapers) and biographical information. Includes two clipping scrapbooks, for \"The Poet, Miss Kate, and I\" and \"In Calvert's Valley.\" Also includes folders of clippings for \"Uncle Sam of Freedom Ridge,\" \"Closed Doors,\" \"Deep Channel,\" \"England to America,\" \"Home to Him's Muvver,\" \"Linda,\" \"Twenty Minutes of Reality,\" and \"Up Eel River\" as well as miscellaneous clippings.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Press clippings (mostly from newspapers) and biographical information. Includes two clipping scrapbooks, for \"The Poet, Miss Kate, and I\" and \"In Calvert's Valley.\" Also includes folders of clippings for \"Uncle Sam of Freedom Ridge,\" \"Closed Doors,\" \"Deep Channel,\" \"England to America,\" \"Home to Him's Muvver,\" \"Linda,\" \"Twenty Minutes of Reality,\" and \"Up Eel River\" as well as miscellaneous clippings."],"_nest_path_":"/components#2","timestamp":"2026-08-14T23:09:58.095Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4354","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4354","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4354","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4354","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_4354.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/197965","title_ssm":["Margaret Prescott Montague, Author, Papers"],"title_tesim":["Margaret Prescott Montague, Author, Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1893-1958"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1893-1958"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1893/1958"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Margaret Prescott Montague, Author, Papers, 1893/1958"],"text":["Margaret Prescott Montague, Author, Papers, 1893/1958","A\u0026M 1110","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/4354","Authors -- Letters and papers","Diaries and journals.","Poets and poetry.","Religion. SEE ALSO Churches.","Women's history -- 1850-1899","Women's history -- 1900-1929","Women's history -- 1929-1950","Women's history -- 1951-present","No special access restriction applies.","Margaret Prescott Montague was born on November 28, 1878 at \"Oakhurst,\" the Montague homestead near White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia. Of New England parentages, she inherited the cultural milieu of the Back Bay as well as that of the West Virginia highlands. Her early education was undertaken by her parents; in her middle teens she was attending Miss Gussie Daniel's school in Richmond, Virginia. It was Miss Gussie, according to Miss Montague, who \"discovered my small ability.\"","Under the influence of the local colorists, Miss Montague turned to the mountain folk of West Virginia for her early novels: The Poet, Miss Kate , and I (1905), The Sowing of Alderson Cree (1907), and In Calvert's Valley (1908). Linda (1912), showed a trend away from the earlier folk literature, oscillating as the novel did between the Back Bay and the back woods.","From 1909 on Miss Montague was subject to \"severe physical afflictions\" that left her partially blind and deaf for the rest of her career. Always an intensely religious person, she now sought to find self-realization and truth in Christian mysticism and a philosophy of ennoblement through suffering. These themes marked much of her work after 1915. Closed Doors (1915) was a study of handicapped children at the West Virginia School of the Deaf and Blind. In \"The Lucky Lady\" (1933) Miss Montague asserted that man was still master of his fate and also his handicaps. She recorded her mystical experiences in such articles as \"Twenty Minutes of Reality\" (1916) and \"Leaves from a Secret Journal'' (1926) written under the nome de plume of Jane Steger.","From 1915 she turned more and more to the shorter forms of prose, the short story and essay. She wrote a series of wartime stories, and won the first O. Henry Memorial Prize in 1919 for \"England to America\" which has become an American classic. Her passionate interest in politics, absent in most of her writings, was the moving force of \"Uncle Sam of Freedom Ridge\" (1920), a plea for ratification of the League Covenant. The story was made into a film and became an issue in the presidential election of 1920.","In Deep Channel (1923), her last full length novel, Miss Montague returned to the locale of her earlier novels, yet the book was a more skillful and sophisticated work, closely tied to the new literature of the 1920s and, in the words of Professor Stuart P. Sherman, \"animated by the passion for self-realization.\" In a lighter vein were the legendary exploits of Tony Beaver, the Paul Bunyan of West Virginia, which Miss Montague published as a collection of short stories in Up Eel River (1928).","While the author continued writing short stories, essays, poetry, and completed a long unpublished novel in the 1930s, her didactic writings had been part of a world less harsh and irrational than that the United States of the depression decade. Her works now belong to a passing era. Nevertheless, she was active with her pen almost until the time of her death in Richmond, Virginia on September 26, 1955.","In September 2018, A\u0026M 1152 and 1169 were formally merged into this collection. The former custodian of this collection had donated A\u0026M 1152 and 1169 the year following the donation of A\u0026M 1110, likely with the intention of adding them to the first collection. Previous processors had already interfiled 1152 and 1169 into this collection and described the three collections as one. When reprocessing this collection, we tried to maintain the original intellectual arrangement as best we could. The note from the original paper finding aid is as follows:\nThe Montague papers were presented to the West Virginia Collection by the author's brother, the Reverend Cary Montague of Richmond, Virginia. Miss Ellen Lee Ball had custody of the papers from 1955 to 1958 and spent much time and effort in arranging and annotating the collection. Further processing and cataloging has been done by the staff of the West Virginia Collection.","582, 1110, 1348, 2218","Correspondence, manuscripts, notes and notebooks, diaries, press clippings, photographs, and printed material of a West Virginia essayist, short-story writer, poet and novelist, who won the first O. Henry Memorial Prize in 1919 for her short story, \"England to America.\" The papers include correspondence from editors, publishers, agents and critics; readers' correspondence; family letters; manuscripts of short stories and other works; outlines, plots, and drafts; and diaries and notebooks primarily concerned with religious meditation, Christian mysticism, and Miss Montague's concept of human ennoblement through suffering. Correspondents include Bernard Baruch, Russell Doubleday, Howard M. Gore, M.A. DeWolfe Howe, Vachel Lindsay, Christopher Morley, Philip Van Doren Stern, Joseph P. Tumulty, and Woodrow Wilson.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Montague, Margaret Prescott, 1878-1955","Baruch, Bernard M. (Bernard Mannes), 1870-1965","Doubleday, Russell, 1872-1949","Gore, Howard M.","Howe, M. A. De Wolfe (Mark Antony De Wolfe), 1864-1960","Lindsay, Vachel, 1879-1931","Morley, Christopher, 1890-1957","Stern, Philip Van Doren, 1900-1984","Tumulty, Joseph P. (Joseph Patrick), 1879-1954","Wilson, Woodrow, 1856-1924","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Margaret Prescott Montague, Author, Papers, 1893/1958"],"collection_ssim":["Margaret Prescott Montague, Author, Papers, 1893/1958"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 1110","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/4354"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 1110","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/4354"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"creator_ssm":["Montague, Margaret Prescott, 1878-1955"],"creator_ssim":["Montague, Margaret Prescott, 1878-1955"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Montague, Margaret Prescott, 1878-1955","Baruch, Bernard M. (Bernard Mannes), 1870-1965","Doubleday, Russell, 1872-1949","Gore, Howard M.","Howe, M. A. De Wolfe (Mark Antony De Wolfe), 1864-1960","Lindsay, Vachel, 1879-1931","Morley, Christopher, 1890-1957","Stern, Philip Van Doren, 1900-1984","Tumulty, Joseph P. (Joseph Patrick), 1879-1954","Wilson, Woodrow, 1856-1924"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"creators_ssim":["Montague, Margaret Prescott, 1878-1955","Baruch, Bernard M. (Bernard Mannes), 1870-1965","Doubleday, Russell, 1872-1949","Gore, Howard M.","Howe, M. A. De Wolfe (Mark Antony De Wolfe), 1864-1960","Lindsay, Vachel, 1879-1931","Morley, Christopher, 1890-1957","Stern, Philip Van Doren, 1900-1984","Tumulty, Joseph P. (Joseph Patrick), 1879-1954","Wilson, Woodrow, 1856-1924","West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. 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(14 document cases, 5 in. each); (3 document cases, 2 1/2 in. each); (1 oversize folder, 1/4 in.)"],"date_range_isim":[1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMargaret Prescott Montague was born on November 28, 1878 at \"Oakhurst,\" the Montague homestead near White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia. Of New England parentages, she inherited the cultural milieu of the Back Bay as well as that of the West Virginia highlands. Her early education was undertaken by her parents; in her middle teens she was attending Miss Gussie Daniel's school in Richmond, Virginia. It was Miss Gussie, according to Miss Montague, who \"discovered my small ability.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUnder the influence of the local colorists, Miss Montague turned to the mountain folk of West Virginia for her early novels: \u003ctitle\u003eThe Poet, Miss Kate , and I\u003c/title\u003e (1905), \u003ctitle\u003eThe Sowing of Alderson Cree\u003c/title\u003e (1907), and \u003ctitle\u003eIn Calvert's Valley\u003c/title\u003e (1908). \u003ctitle\u003eLinda\u003c/title\u003e (1912), showed a trend away from the earlier folk literature, oscillating as the novel did between the Back Bay and the back woods. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrom 1909 on Miss Montague was subject to \"severe physical afflictions\" that left her partially blind and deaf for the rest of her career. Always an intensely religious person, she now sought to find self-realization and truth in Christian mysticism and a philosophy of ennoblement through suffering. These themes marked much of her work after 1915. \u003ctitle\u003eClosed Doors\u003c/title\u003e (1915) was a study of handicapped children at the West Virginia School of the Deaf and Blind. In \"The Lucky Lady\" (1933) Miss Montague asserted that man was still master of his fate and also his handicaps. She recorded her mystical experiences in such articles as \"Twenty Minutes of Reality\" (1916) and \"Leaves from a Secret Journal'' (1926) written under the nome de plume of Jane Steger. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrom 1915 she turned more and more to the shorter forms of prose, the short story and essay. She wrote a series of wartime stories, and won the first O. Henry Memorial Prize in 1919 for \"England to America\" which has become an American classic. Her passionate interest in politics, absent in most of her writings, was the moving force of \"Uncle Sam of Freedom Ridge\" (1920), a plea for ratification of the League Covenant. The story was made into a film and became an issue in the presidential election of 1920. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn \u003ctitle\u003eDeep Channel\u003c/title\u003e (1923), her last full length novel, Miss Montague returned to the locale of her earlier novels, yet the book was a more skillful and sophisticated work, closely tied to the new literature of the 1920s and, in the words of Professor Stuart P. Sherman, \"animated by the passion for self-realization.\" In a lighter vein were the legendary exploits of Tony Beaver, the Paul Bunyan of West Virginia, which Miss Montague published as a collection of short stories in \u003ctitle\u003eUp Eel River\u003c/title\u003e (1928). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhile the author continued writing short stories, essays, poetry, and completed a long unpublished novel in the 1930s, her didactic writings had been part of a world less harsh and irrational than that the United States of the depression decade. Her works now belong to a passing era. Nevertheless, she was active with her pen almost until the time of her death in Richmond, Virginia on September 26, 1955.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Margaret Prescott Montague was born on November 28, 1878 at \"Oakhurst,\" the Montague homestead near White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia. Of New England parentages, she inherited the cultural milieu of the Back Bay as well as that of the West Virginia highlands. Her early education was undertaken by her parents; in her middle teens she was attending Miss Gussie Daniel's school in Richmond, Virginia. It was Miss Gussie, according to Miss Montague, who \"discovered my small ability.\"","Under the influence of the local colorists, Miss Montague turned to the mountain folk of West Virginia for her early novels: The Poet, Miss Kate , and I (1905), The Sowing of Alderson Cree (1907), and In Calvert's Valley (1908). Linda (1912), showed a trend away from the earlier folk literature, oscillating as the novel did between the Back Bay and the back woods.","From 1909 on Miss Montague was subject to \"severe physical afflictions\" that left her partially blind and deaf for the rest of her career. Always an intensely religious person, she now sought to find self-realization and truth in Christian mysticism and a philosophy of ennoblement through suffering. These themes marked much of her work after 1915. Closed Doors (1915) was a study of handicapped children at the West Virginia School of the Deaf and Blind. In \"The Lucky Lady\" (1933) Miss Montague asserted that man was still master of his fate and also his handicaps. She recorded her mystical experiences in such articles as \"Twenty Minutes of Reality\" (1916) and \"Leaves from a Secret Journal'' (1926) written under the nome de plume of Jane Steger.","From 1915 she turned more and more to the shorter forms of prose, the short story and essay. She wrote a series of wartime stories, and won the first O. Henry Memorial Prize in 1919 for \"England to America\" which has become an American classic. Her passionate interest in politics, absent in most of her writings, was the moving force of \"Uncle Sam of Freedom Ridge\" (1920), a plea for ratification of the League Covenant. The story was made into a film and became an issue in the presidential election of 1920.","In Deep Channel (1923), her last full length novel, Miss Montague returned to the locale of her earlier novels, yet the book was a more skillful and sophisticated work, closely tied to the new literature of the 1920s and, in the words of Professor Stuart P. Sherman, \"animated by the passion for self-realization.\" In a lighter vein were the legendary exploits of Tony Beaver, the Paul Bunyan of West Virginia, which Miss Montague published as a collection of short stories in Up Eel River (1928).","While the author continued writing short stories, essays, poetry, and completed a long unpublished novel in the 1930s, her didactic writings had been part of a world less harsh and irrational than that the United States of the depression decade. Her works now belong to a passing era. Nevertheless, she was active with her pen almost until the time of her death in Richmond, Virginia on September 26, 1955."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Margaret Prescott Montague, Author, Papers, A\u0026amp;M 1110, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Margaret Prescott Montague, Author, Papers, A\u0026M 1110, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn September 2018, A\u0026amp;M 1152 and 1169 were formally merged into this collection. The former custodian of this collection had donated A\u0026amp;M 1152 and 1169 the year following the donation of A\u0026amp;M 1110, likely with the intention of adding them to the first collection. Previous processors had already interfiled 1152 and 1169 into this collection and described the three collections as one. When reprocessing this collection, we tried to maintain the original intellectual arrangement as best we could. The note from the original paper finding aid is as follows:\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nThe Montague papers were presented to the West Virginia Collection by the author's brother, the Reverend Cary Montague of Richmond, Virginia. Miss Ellen Lee Ball had custody of the papers from 1955 to 1958 and spent much time and effort in arranging and annotating the collection. Further processing and cataloging has been done by the staff of the West Virginia Collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In September 2018, A\u0026M 1152 and 1169 were formally merged into this collection. The former custodian of this collection had donated A\u0026M 1152 and 1169 the year following the donation of A\u0026M 1110, likely with the intention of adding them to the first collection. Previous processors had already interfiled 1152 and 1169 into this collection and described the three collections as one. When reprocessing this collection, we tried to maintain the original intellectual arrangement as best we could. The note from the original paper finding aid is as follows:\nThe Montague papers were presented to the West Virginia Collection by the author's brother, the Reverend Cary Montague of Richmond, Virginia. Miss Ellen Lee Ball had custody of the papers from 1955 to 1958 and spent much time and effort in arranging and annotating the collection. Further processing and cataloging has been done by the staff of the West Virginia Collection."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e582, 1110, 1348, 2218\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related A\u0026M Collections"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["582, 1110, 1348, 2218"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, manuscripts, notes and notebooks, diaries, press clippings, photographs, and printed material of a West Virginia essayist, short-story writer, poet and novelist, who won the first O. Henry Memorial Prize in 1919 for her short story, \"England to America.\" The papers include correspondence from editors, publishers, agents and critics; readers' correspondence; family letters; manuscripts of short stories and other works; outlines, plots, and drafts; and diaries and notebooks primarily concerned with religious meditation, Christian mysticism, and Miss Montague's concept of human ennoblement through suffering. Correspondents include Bernard Baruch, Russell Doubleday, Howard M. Gore, M.A. DeWolfe Howe, Vachel Lindsay, Christopher Morley, Philip Van Doren Stern, Joseph P. Tumulty, and Woodrow Wilson.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Correspondence, manuscripts, notes and notebooks, diaries, press clippings, photographs, and printed material of a West Virginia essayist, short-story writer, poet and novelist, who won the first O. Henry Memorial Prize in 1919 for her short story, \"England to America.\" The papers include correspondence from editors, publishers, agents and critics; readers' correspondence; family letters; manuscripts of short stories and other works; outlines, plots, and drafts; and diaries and notebooks primarily concerned with religious meditation, Christian mysticism, and Miss Montague's concept of human ennoblement through suffering. Correspondents include Bernard Baruch, Russell Doubleday, Howard M. Gore, M.A. DeWolfe Howe, Vachel Lindsay, Christopher Morley, Philip Van Doren Stern, Joseph P. Tumulty, and Woodrow Wilson."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_8b42e6de2210918dc1ac2b4ded264e77\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"persname_ssim":["Montague, Margaret Prescott, 1878-1955","Baruch, Bernard M. (Bernard Mannes), 1870-1965","Doubleday, Russell, 1872-1949","Gore, Howard M.","Howe, M. A. De Wolfe (Mark Antony De Wolfe), 1864-1960","Lindsay, Vachel, 1879-1931","Morley, Christopher, 1890-1957","Stern, Philip Van Doren, 1900-1984","Tumulty, Joseph P. (Joseph Patrick), 1879-1954","Wilson, Woodrow, 1856-1924"],"names_coll_ssim":["Montague, Margaret Prescott, 1878-1955","Baruch, Bernard M. 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