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Banks Papers, 1855/1974"],"text":["Benjamin A. Banks Papers, 1855/1974","MG 6","/repositories/5/resources/103","Hampton Roads (Va.)--History--20th century","Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century","Legislators--Virginia--Hampton Roads","City council members--Virginia--Norfolk","Lawyers--Virginia--Norfolk","Publishers and publishing","Virginia--Politics and government--1865-1950","The collection is open to researchers without restrictions.","The materials are arranged chronologically and are organized into six series: Series I: Personal Papers; Series II: Political Papers; Series III: Scrapbooks; Series IV: Photographs; Series V: Books; and Series VI: Memorabilia.","Benjamin A. Banks (original family name Bonk) was born, according to his own testimony, on May 18, 1884, in Baltimore, Maryland. Soon after his father's death his family moved to Norfolk, Virginia, where they had relatives living. Banks received his only formal education in Norfolk's public schools. He then studied law on his own and was admitted to the Virginia Bar in November 1909. He continued to practice law until his death on April 27, 1974.","From 1908 through 1913, Banks served as editor and publisher of The Galaxy, a literary magazine which he hoped would enjoy critical and financial success not only in Norfolk but throughout the South. His colleague in this unsuccessful effort was local poet George Viett, who remained Banks' close friend until his death in 1943. Banks' first forays into the political arena in Norfolk were quite successful. He served on the Norfolk Board of Alderman from 1908 to 1911 at which point he resigned to take up the seat he had recently won in the Virginia House of Delegates. Banks did not run for reelection however, and all his subsequent attempts to return to public office: Virginia State Senate (1923); Commonwealth's Attorney for Norfolk (1925); House of Delegates (1933, 1937) ended in defeat. Nonetheless, he played an active role in Norfolk's Democratic politics from the 1900's through the 1940's. He participated in most local election campaigns and was frequently called on to make radio speeches on behalf of the candidates. For example, he successfully supported Norman Hamilton against Colgate Darden for Congress in 1936 and then aided Darden to defeat Hamilton in 1938. Banks was elected Norfolk chairman of the Virginia Liberal League in 1918 and, in 1937, he helped found the Citizen's Democratic League, a group that supported candidates against the dominant local Democratic organization, with only limited success, until its demise in the early 1940's. Banks was also an active campaigner for Democratic presidential candidates from Woodrow Wilson to George McGovern. He was particularly active in the Roosevelt clubs that developed in the 1930's.","Banks was a prominent member of the Norfolk Jewish community and was especially interested in promoting better understanding among Christians and Jews. He worked toward this goal in many letters written to local newspapers, especially in his annual Christmas \"epistles.\" His numerous letters to the editors of the leading Norfolk and Richmond newspapers dealt with many topics, more often with political issues - local, state, and national. Their range-from Prohibition and the Ku Klux Klan to Vietnam and Watergate - symbolize the length of his concerns with political issues. Bank's letters also won him plaudits from many members of the Tidewater community and from political figures throughout the entire Commonwealth of Virginia.","Note written by James F. Walsh","The papers of Benjamin Banks include letters to the editor, speeches, and literary materials. 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He served on the Norfolk Board of Alderman from 1908 to 1911 at which point he resigned to take up the seat he had recently won in the Virginia House of Delegates. Banks did not run for reelection however, and all his subsequent attempts to return to public office: Virginia State Senate (1923); Commonwealth's Attorney for Norfolk (1925); House of Delegates (1933, 1937) ended in defeat. Nonetheless, he played an active role in Norfolk's Democratic politics from the 1900's through the 1940's. He participated in most local election campaigns and was frequently called on to make radio speeches on behalf of the candidates. For example, he successfully supported Norman Hamilton against Colgate Darden for Congress in 1936 and then aided Darden to defeat Hamilton in 1938. 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Their range-from Prohibition and the Ku Klux Klan to Vietnam and Watergate - symbolize the length of his concerns with political issues. Bank's letters also won him plaudits from many members of the Tidewater community and from political figures throughout the entire Commonwealth of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote written by James F. Walsh\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Benjamin A. Banks (original family name Bonk) was born, according to his own testimony, on May 18, 1884, in Baltimore, Maryland. Soon after his father's death his family moved to Norfolk, Virginia, where they had relatives living. Banks received his only formal education in Norfolk's public schools. He then studied law on his own and was admitted to the Virginia Bar in November 1909. 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He worked toward this goal in many letters written to local newspapers, especially in his annual Christmas \"epistles.\" His numerous letters to the editors of the leading Norfolk and Richmond newspapers dealt with many topics, more often with political issues - local, state, and national. Their range-from Prohibition and the Ku Klux Klan to Vietnam and Watergate - symbolize the length of his concerns with political issues. Bank's letters also won him plaudits from many members of the Tidewater community and from political figures throughout the entire Commonwealth of Virginia.","Note written by James F. Walsh"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers of Benjamin Banks include letters to the editor, speeches, and literary materials. Political papers span Banks' political career (1908-1913) and his continuing involvement in political issues through the 1940's. Also included in the collection are scrapbooks of newspaper clippings, photographs, memorabilia, and Manuals of the Senate and House of Delegates of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The papers of Benjamin Banks include letters to the editor, speeches, and literary materials. Political papers span Banks' political career (1908-1913) and his continuing involvement in political issues through the 1940's. Also included in the collection are scrapbooks of newspaper clippings, photographs, memorabilia, and Manuals of the Senate and House of Delegates of Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_db8b6bbda8dc93780c6c66436b6855d9\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eLawyer and prominent member of the Norfolk Jewish community. Served on the Norfolk Board of Aldermen (1908-1911) and in the Virginia House of Delegates (1911-1913). 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He then studied law on his own and was admitted to the Virginia Bar in November 1909. He continued to practice law until his death on April 27, 1974.","From 1908 through 1913, Banks served as editor and publisher of The Galaxy, a literary magazine which he hoped would enjoy critical and financial success not only in Norfolk but throughout the South. His colleague in this unsuccessful effort was local poet George Viett, who remained Banks' close friend until his death in 1943. Banks' first forays into the political arena in Norfolk were quite successful. He served on the Norfolk Board of Alderman from 1908 to 1911 at which point he resigned to take up the seat he had recently won in the Virginia House of Delegates. Banks did not run for reelection however, and all his subsequent attempts to return to public office: Virginia State Senate (1923); Commonwealth's Attorney for Norfolk (1925); House of Delegates (1933, 1937) ended in defeat. Nonetheless, he played an active role in Norfolk's Democratic politics from the 1900's through the 1940's. He participated in most local election campaigns and was frequently called on to make radio speeches on behalf of the candidates. For example, he successfully supported Norman Hamilton against Colgate Darden for Congress in 1936 and then aided Darden to defeat Hamilton in 1938. Banks was elected Norfolk chairman of the Virginia Liberal League in 1918 and, in 1937, he helped found the Citizen's Democratic League, a group that supported candidates against the dominant local Democratic organization, with only limited success, until its demise in the early 1940's. Banks was also an active campaigner for Democratic presidential candidates from Woodrow Wilson to George McGovern. He was particularly active in the Roosevelt clubs that developed in the 1930's.","Banks was a prominent member of the Norfolk Jewish community and was especially interested in promoting better understanding among Christians and Jews. He worked toward this goal in many letters written to local newspapers, especially in his annual Christmas \"epistles.\" His numerous letters to the editors of the leading Norfolk and Richmond newspapers dealt with many topics, more often with political issues - local, state, and national. Their range-from Prohibition and the Ku Klux Klan to Vietnam and Watergate - symbolize the length of his concerns with political issues. Bank's letters also won him plaudits from many members of the Tidewater community and from political figures throughout the entire Commonwealth of Virginia.","Note written by James F. Walsh","The papers of Benjamin Banks include letters to the editor, speeches, and literary materials. 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Banks (original family name Bonk) was born, according to his own testimony, on May 18, 1884, in Baltimore, Maryland. Soon after his father's death his family moved to Norfolk, Virginia, where they had relatives living. Banks received his only formal education in Norfolk's public schools. He then studied law on his own and was admitted to the Virginia Bar in November 1909. He continued to practice law until his death on April 27, 1974.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrom 1908 through 1913, Banks served as editor and publisher of The Galaxy, a literary magazine which he hoped would enjoy critical and financial success not only in Norfolk but throughout the South. His colleague in this unsuccessful effort was local poet George Viett, who remained Banks' close friend until his death in 1943. Banks' first forays into the political arena in Norfolk were quite successful. He served on the Norfolk Board of Alderman from 1908 to 1911 at which point he resigned to take up the seat he had recently won in the Virginia House of Delegates. Banks did not run for reelection however, and all his subsequent attempts to return to public office: Virginia State Senate (1923); Commonwealth's Attorney for Norfolk (1925); House of Delegates (1933, 1937) ended in defeat. Nonetheless, he played an active role in Norfolk's Democratic politics from the 1900's through the 1940's. He participated in most local election campaigns and was frequently called on to make radio speeches on behalf of the candidates. For example, he successfully supported Norman Hamilton against Colgate Darden for Congress in 1936 and then aided Darden to defeat Hamilton in 1938. Banks was elected Norfolk chairman of the Virginia Liberal League in 1918 and, in 1937, he helped found the Citizen's Democratic League, a group that supported candidates against the dominant local Democratic organization, with only limited success, until its demise in the early 1940's. Banks was also an active campaigner for Democratic presidential candidates from Woodrow Wilson to George McGovern. He was particularly active in the Roosevelt clubs that developed in the 1930's.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBanks was a prominent member of the Norfolk Jewish community and was especially interested in promoting better understanding among Christians and Jews. He worked toward this goal in many letters written to local newspapers, especially in his annual Christmas \"epistles.\" His numerous letters to the editors of the leading Norfolk and Richmond newspapers dealt with many topics, more often with political issues - local, state, and national. Their range-from Prohibition and the Ku Klux Klan to Vietnam and Watergate - symbolize the length of his concerns with political issues. Bank's letters also won him plaudits from many members of the Tidewater community and from political figures throughout the entire Commonwealth of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote written by James F. Walsh\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Benjamin A. Banks (original family name Bonk) was born, according to his own testimony, on May 18, 1884, in Baltimore, Maryland. Soon after his father's death his family moved to Norfolk, Virginia, where they had relatives living. Banks received his only formal education in Norfolk's public schools. He then studied law on his own and was admitted to the Virginia Bar in November 1909. He continued to practice law until his death on April 27, 1974.","From 1908 through 1913, Banks served as editor and publisher of The Galaxy, a literary magazine which he hoped would enjoy critical and financial success not only in Norfolk but throughout the South. His colleague in this unsuccessful effort was local poet George Viett, who remained Banks' close friend until his death in 1943. Banks' first forays into the political arena in Norfolk were quite successful. He served on the Norfolk Board of Alderman from 1908 to 1911 at which point he resigned to take up the seat he had recently won in the Virginia House of Delegates. Banks did not run for reelection however, and all his subsequent attempts to return to public office: Virginia State Senate (1923); Commonwealth's Attorney for Norfolk (1925); House of Delegates (1933, 1937) ended in defeat. Nonetheless, he played an active role in Norfolk's Democratic politics from the 1900's through the 1940's. He participated in most local election campaigns and was frequently called on to make radio speeches on behalf of the candidates. For example, he successfully supported Norman Hamilton against Colgate Darden for Congress in 1936 and then aided Darden to defeat Hamilton in 1938. Banks was elected Norfolk chairman of the Virginia Liberal League in 1918 and, in 1937, he helped found the Citizen's Democratic League, a group that supported candidates against the dominant local Democratic organization, with only limited success, until its demise in the early 1940's. Banks was also an active campaigner for Democratic presidential candidates from Woodrow Wilson to George McGovern. He was particularly active in the Roosevelt clubs that developed in the 1930's.","Banks was a prominent member of the Norfolk Jewish community and was especially interested in promoting better understanding among Christians and Jews. He worked toward this goal in many letters written to local newspapers, especially in his annual Christmas \"epistles.\" His numerous letters to the editors of the leading Norfolk and Richmond newspapers dealt with many topics, more often with political issues - local, state, and national. Their range-from Prohibition and the Ku Klux Klan to Vietnam and Watergate - symbolize the length of his concerns with political issues. Bank's letters also won him plaudits from many members of the Tidewater community and from political figures throughout the entire Commonwealth of Virginia.","Note written by James F. Walsh"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers of Benjamin Banks include letters to the editor, speeches, and literary materials. Political papers span Banks' political career (1908-1913) and his continuing involvement in political issues through the 1940's. Also included in the collection are scrapbooks of newspaper clippings, photographs, memorabilia, and Manuals of the Senate and House of Delegates of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The papers of Benjamin Banks include letters to the editor, speeches, and literary materials. Political papers span Banks' political career (1908-1913) and his continuing involvement in political issues through the 1940's. Also included in the collection are scrapbooks of newspaper clippings, photographs, memorabilia, and Manuals of the Senate and House of Delegates of Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_db8b6bbda8dc93780c6c66436b6855d9\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eLawyer and prominent member of the Norfolk Jewish community. Served on the Norfolk Board of Aldermen (1908-1911) and in the Virginia House of Delegates (1911-1913). Active in local, state and national politics. Includes personal and political correspondence, scrapbooks, letters to the editor, and photographs.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Lawyer and prominent member of the Norfolk Jewish community. Served on the Norfolk Board of Aldermen (1908-1911) and in the Virginia House of Delegates (1911-1913). Active in local, state and national politics. Includes personal and political correspondence, scrapbooks, letters to the editor, and photographs."],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Virginia. General Assembly. House of Delegates","Virginia. General Assembly"],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia. General Assembly. House of Delegates","Virginia. General Assembly","Banks, Benjamin A. (1884-1974)"],"persname_ssim":["Banks, Benjamin A. (1884-1974)"],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Virginia. General Assembly. House of Delegates","Virginia. General Assembly","Banks, Benjamin A. (1884-1974)"],"language_ssim":["English\n      Yiddish"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":230,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:21.092Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_103"}},{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_70","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Colonel James W. Roberts Papers, 1906/1964","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_70#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Roberts, James W. (1891-1977)","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_70#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"President and chairman of Henry B. Gilprin, a wholesale drug firm. Served in the General Assembly from 1948-1968, holding a powerful position on the Appropriations Committee. Served on the Norfolk Planning Commission. The bulk of the collection contains legislative correspondence from 1963-1964.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_70#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_70","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_70","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_70","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_70","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_5_resources_70.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archivesguides.lib.odu.edu/repositories/5/resources/70","title_filing_ssi":"Roberts, James W.","title_ssm":["Colonel James W. Roberts Papers"],"title_tesim":["Colonel James W. Roberts Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1906, 1944-1964, undated","Date acquired: 08/21/1975"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1906, 1944-1964, undated"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 08/21/1975"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1906/1964"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Colonel James W. Roberts Papers, 1906/1964"],"text":["Colonel James W. Roberts Papers, 1906/1964","MG 2","/repositories/5/resources/70","Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century","Virginia--Politics and government","Virginia--Politics and government--1865-1950","Open to researchers without restrictions.","James Walker Roberts was born on December 2, 1891, in Alexandria, Virginia and was educated at the Friends (High) School in Washington, D.C. Roberts served in the U.S. Army in World War I and attained the rank of Captain in the Field Artillery. He returned to uniform during World War II as a Lt. Colonel commanding a Virginia State Guard Battalion. His service earned Col. Roberts the First Citizen Award of Norfolk Cosmopolitan Club in 1943.","Roberts enjoyed a successful business career in Norfolk which saw him become president and then chairman of the board of the Henry B. Gilprin Co., wholesale drug firm. His political career was equally successful. From 1948-1968 Roberts represented Norfolk in the Virginia General Assembly where he came to occupy a powerful position on the Appropriations Committee. Roberts also served on the Norfolk City Planning Commission and was appointed to several Governor's advisory committees.","Note written by James F. Walsh","Col. James W. Roberts represented Norfolk from 1948 to 1968 in the Virginia House of Delegates. His papers consist principally of legislative correspondence for the period 1963-1964. The correspondence is arranged alphabetically according to its source. In addition there are two boxes of publications issued by agencies of state government and one box of other publications. Also included is the two-volume study, Debates Constitutional Convention 1901-1902 Virginia.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","President and chairman of Henry B. Gilprin, a wholesale drug firm. Served in the General Assembly from 1948-1968, holding a powerful position on the Appropriations Committee. Served on the Norfolk Planning Commission. The bulk of the collection contains legislative correspondence from 1963-1964.","ODU Community Collections","Virginia. General Assembly. House of Delegates","Virginia. General Assembly","Roberts, James W. (1891-1977)","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Colonel James W. Roberts Papers, 1906/1964"],"collection_ssim":["Colonel James W. Roberts Papers, 1906/1964"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MG 2","/repositories/5/resources/70"],"unitid_tesim":["MG 2","/repositories/5/resources/70"],"repository_ssm":["Old Dominion University"],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"geogname_ssm":["Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century"],"places_ssim":["Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century"],"creator_ssm":["Roberts, James W. (1891-1977)"],"creator_ssim":["Roberts, James W. (1891-1977)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Roberts, James W. (1891-1977)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Virginia. General Assembly. House of Delegates","Virginia. General Assembly"],"creators_ssim":["Roberts, James W. (1891-1977)","ODU Community Collections","Virginia. General Assembly. House of Delegates","Virginia. 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Accession #A75-10"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Virginia--Politics and government","Virginia--Politics and government--1865-1950"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Virginia--Politics and government","Virginia--Politics and government--1865-1950"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3.20 Linear Feet","8 Hollinger documents cases boxes"],"extent_tesim":["3.20 Linear Feet","8 Hollinger documents cases boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1975],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOpen to researchers without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Open to researchers without restrictions."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames Walker Roberts was born on December 2, 1891, in Alexandria, Virginia and was educated at the Friends (High) School in Washington, D.C. Roberts served in the U.S. Army in World War I and attained the rank of Captain in the Field Artillery. He returned to uniform during World War II as a Lt. Colonel commanding a Virginia State Guard Battalion. His service earned Col. Roberts the First Citizen Award of Norfolk Cosmopolitan Club in 1943.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRoberts enjoyed a successful business career in Norfolk which saw him become president and then chairman of the board of the Henry B. Gilprin Co., wholesale drug firm. His political career was equally successful. From 1948-1968 Roberts represented Norfolk in the Virginia General Assembly where he came to occupy a powerful position on the Appropriations Committee. Roberts also served on the Norfolk City Planning Commission and was appointed to several Governor's advisory committees.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote written by James F. Walsh\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["James Walker Roberts was born on December 2, 1891, in Alexandria, Virginia and was educated at the Friends (High) School in Washington, D.C. Roberts served in the U.S. Army in World War I and attained the rank of Captain in the Field Artillery. He returned to uniform during World War II as a Lt. Colonel commanding a Virginia State Guard Battalion. His service earned Col. Roberts the First Citizen Award of Norfolk Cosmopolitan Club in 1943.","Roberts enjoyed a successful business career in Norfolk which saw him become president and then chairman of the board of the Henry B. Gilprin Co., wholesale drug firm. His political career was equally successful. From 1948-1968 Roberts represented Norfolk in the Virginia General Assembly where he came to occupy a powerful position on the Appropriations Committee. Roberts also served on the Norfolk City Planning Commission and was appointed to several Governor's advisory committees.","Note written by James F. Walsh"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Colonel James W. Roberts Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Colonel James W. Roberts Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCol. James W. Roberts represented Norfolk from 1948 to 1968 in the Virginia House of Delegates. His papers consist principally of legislative correspondence for the period 1963-1964. The correspondence is arranged alphabetically according to its source. In addition there are two boxes of publications issued by agencies of state government and one box of other publications. Also included is the two-volume study, Debates Constitutional Convention 1901-1902 Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Col. James W. Roberts represented Norfolk from 1948 to 1968 in the Virginia House of Delegates. His papers consist principally of legislative correspondence for the period 1963-1964. The correspondence is arranged alphabetically according to its source. In addition there are two boxes of publications issued by agencies of state government and one box of other publications. Also included is the two-volume study, Debates Constitutional Convention 1901-1902 Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_ad787a4084c9419648c016967d82c45a\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003ePresident and chairman of Henry B. Gilprin, a wholesale drug firm. Served in the General Assembly from 1948-1968, holding a powerful position on the Appropriations Committee. Served on the Norfolk Planning Commission. The bulk of the collection contains legislative correspondence from 1963-1964.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["President and chairman of Henry B. Gilprin, a wholesale drug firm. Served in the General Assembly from 1948-1968, holding a powerful position on the Appropriations Committee. Served on the Norfolk Planning Commission. The bulk of the collection contains legislative correspondence from 1963-1964."],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Virginia. General Assembly. House of Delegates","Virginia. General Assembly"],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia. General Assembly. House of Delegates","Virginia. General Assembly"],"persname_ssim":["Roberts, James W. (1891-1977)"],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Virginia. General Assembly. House of Delegates","Virginia. General Assembly","Roberts, James W. 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Also included is the two-volume study, Debates Constitutional Convention 1901-1902 Virginia.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","President and chairman of Henry B. Gilprin, a wholesale drug firm. Served in the General Assembly from 1948-1968, holding a powerful position on the Appropriations Committee. Served on the Norfolk Planning Commission. The bulk of the collection contains legislative correspondence from 1963-1964.","ODU Community Collections","Virginia. General Assembly. House of Delegates","Virginia. General Assembly","Roberts, James W. (1891-1977)","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Colonel James W. Roberts Papers, 1906/1964"],"collection_ssim":["Colonel James W. 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Roberts served in the U.S. Army in World War I and attained the rank of Captain in the Field Artillery. He returned to uniform during World War II as a Lt. Colonel commanding a Virginia State Guard Battalion. His service earned Col. Roberts the First Citizen Award of Norfolk Cosmopolitan Club in 1943.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRoberts enjoyed a successful business career in Norfolk which saw him become president and then chairman of the board of the Henry B. Gilprin Co., wholesale drug firm. His political career was equally successful. From 1948-1968 Roberts represented Norfolk in the Virginia General Assembly where he came to occupy a powerful position on the Appropriations Committee. Roberts also served on the Norfolk City Planning Commission and was appointed to several Governor's advisory committees.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote written by James F. 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Roberts also served on the Norfolk City Planning Commission and was appointed to several Governor's advisory committees.","Note written by James F. Walsh"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Colonel James W. Roberts Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Colonel James W. Roberts Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCol. James W. Roberts represented Norfolk from 1948 to 1968 in the Virginia House of Delegates. His papers consist principally of legislative correspondence for the period 1963-1964. The correspondence is arranged alphabetically according to its source. 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Also included is the two-volume study, Debates Constitutional Convention 1901-1902 Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_ad787a4084c9419648c016967d82c45a\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003ePresident and chairman of Henry B. Gilprin, a wholesale drug firm. Served in the General Assembly from 1948-1968, holding a powerful position on the Appropriations Committee. Served on the Norfolk Planning Commission. The bulk of the collection contains legislative correspondence from 1963-1964.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["President and chairman of Henry B. Gilprin, a wholesale drug firm. Served in the General Assembly from 1948-1968, holding a powerful position on the Appropriations Committee. Served on the Norfolk Planning Commission. The bulk of the collection contains legislative correspondence from 1963-1964."],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Virginia. General Assembly. House of Delegates","Virginia. General Assembly"],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia. General Assembly. House of Delegates","Virginia. General Assembly"],"persname_ssim":["Roberts, James W. (1891-1977)"],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Virginia. General Assembly. House of Delegates","Virginia. General Assembly","Roberts, James W. 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(1923-)","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_284#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This collection contains of a variety of documents relating to women's activism and educational activity in the city of Norfolk, Virginia.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_284#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_284","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_284","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_284","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_284","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_5_resources_284.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archivesguides.lib.odu.edu/repositories/5/resources/284","title_filing_ssi":"White, Edith R.","title_ssm":["Edith R. White Papers"],"title_tesim":["Edith R. White Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1923-2010, undated","Date acquired: 09/10/2010"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1923-2010, undated"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 09/10/2010"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1923/2010"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Edith R. White Papers, 1923/2010"],"text":["Edith R. White Papers, 1923/2010","MG 109","/repositories/5/resources/284","Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century","Women--Societies and clubs","African Americans--Civil rights","Women in community organization--Virginia","Open to researchers without restrictions.","An addition to the collection was received in January 2016.","The collection is organized into four series: Series I: The Fortnightly Study Club; Series II: Women of Norfolk; Series III: Norfolk Story League; and Series IV: Other Organizations.","Edith R. White was born in New Jersey in November 4, 1923. Upon graduating from Vassar College, she became a member of the U.S. Navy's WAVES, Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service. For her first operation with WAVES, she trained in cryptography, specifically breaking Japanese codes, and worked in Washington DC. Her second appointment was at Sampson Hospital, a tuberculosis hospital in New York, where she met her husband, Forrest. Shortly after their marriage, they moved first to California for some time, bringing their first child into the world, then to Richmond where Edith gave birth to another child, thenceforth moving to, and settling in Norfolk until this day.","Norfolk had a vastly different political setting than Edith's previous residences. There were on-going issues not only involving racial segregation, but also women's rights. Edith previously had black officers in the Navy and black friends in college, and she believed that this was no way for anyone to live, let alone her children. Being the natural born fighter for civil rights that she was, Edith decided to get involved with as many activist groups that she could. Such groups were the League of Women Voters, Women's Interracial Council, American Association of University Women, and the Norfolk Committee for Public Schools, the latter of which Forrest White would become president.","Note written by James Detterman","The finding aid was created by James Detterman in February 2014.","Forrest P. White Papers (MG 5); Forrest R. \"Hap\" White Papers (MG 96); Women's Council for Interracial Cooperation Papers (MG 54).","Oral Histories in the Perry Library: Edith White","The Edith R. White collection contains of a variety of documents relating to women's activism and educational activity in the city of Norfolk, Virginia. Some of the organizational materials contained in the collection include the Fortnightly Study Club, Women's Council for Interracial Cooperation, and the Norfolk Story League.","An oral history interview with Edith R. White can be fournd in the Old Dominion University Libraries Digital Collections.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","This collection contains of a variety of documents relating to women's activism and educational activity in the city of Norfolk, Virginia.","ODU Community Collections","Women's Council for Interracial Cooperation (Norfolk, Va.)","Church Women United","Fortnightly Study Club (Norfolk, Va.)","Norfolk Story League","White, Edith R. (1923-)","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Edith R. White Papers, 1923/2010"],"collection_ssim":["Edith R. 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White was born in New Jersey in November 4, 1923. Upon graduating from Vassar College, she became a member of the U.S. Navy's WAVES, Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service. For her first operation with WAVES, she trained in cryptography, specifically breaking Japanese codes, and worked in Washington DC. Her second appointment was at Sampson Hospital, a tuberculosis hospital in New York, where she met her husband, Forrest. Shortly after their marriage, they moved first to California for some time, bringing their first child into the world, then to Richmond where Edith gave birth to another child, thenceforth moving to, and settling in Norfolk until this day.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNorfolk had a vastly different political setting than Edith's previous residences. There were on-going issues not only involving racial segregation, but also women's rights. Edith previously had black officers in the Navy and black friends in college, and she believed that this was no way for anyone to live, let alone her children. Being the natural born fighter for civil rights that she was, Edith decided to get involved with as many activist groups that she could. Such groups were the League of Women Voters, Women's Interracial Council, American Association of University Women, and the Norfolk Committee for Public Schools, the latter of which Forrest White would become president.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote written by James Detterman\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Edith R. White was born in New Jersey in November 4, 1923. Upon graduating from Vassar College, she became a member of the U.S. Navy's WAVES, Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service. For her first operation with WAVES, she trained in cryptography, specifically breaking Japanese codes, and worked in Washington DC. Her second appointment was at Sampson Hospital, a tuberculosis hospital in New York, where she met her husband, Forrest. Shortly after their marriage, they moved first to California for some time, bringing their first child into the world, then to Richmond where Edith gave birth to another child, thenceforth moving to, and settling in Norfolk until this day.","Norfolk had a vastly different political setting than Edith's previous residences. There were on-going issues not only involving racial segregation, but also women's rights. Edith previously had black officers in the Navy and black friends in college, and she believed that this was no way for anyone to live, let alone her children. Being the natural born fighter for civil rights that she was, Edith decided to get involved with as many activist groups that she could. Such groups were the League of Women Voters, Women's Interracial Council, American Association of University Women, and the Norfolk Committee for Public Schools, the latter of which Forrest White would become president.","Note written by James Detterman"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Edith R. White Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Edith R. White Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe finding aid was created by James Detterman in February 2014.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The finding aid was created by James Detterman in February 2014."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eForrest P. White Papers (MG 5); Forrest R. \"Hap\" White Papers (MG 96); Women's Council for Interracial Cooperation Papers (MG 54).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOral Histories in the Perry Library: \u003cextref href=\"http://dc.lib.odu.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/oralhistory/id/426/rec/41\"\u003eEdith White\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Forrest P. White Papers (MG 5); Forrest R. \"Hap\" White Papers (MG 96); Women's Council for Interracial Cooperation Papers (MG 54).","Oral Histories in the Perry Library: Edith White"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Edith R. White collection contains of a variety of documents relating to women's activism and educational activity in the city of Norfolk, Virginia. Some of the organizational materials contained in the collection include the Fortnightly Study Club, Women's Council for Interracial Cooperation, and the Norfolk Story League.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn oral history interview with Edith R. White can be fournd in the \u003cextref href=\"https://cdm17158.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/search/searchterm/white%2C%20edith!edith%20white/field/creato!all/mode/exact!all/conn/and!all\"\u003eOld Dominion University Libraries Digital Collections\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Edith R. White collection contains of a variety of documents relating to women's activism and educational activity in the city of Norfolk, Virginia. Some of the organizational materials contained in the collection include the Fortnightly Study Club, Women's Council for Interracial Cooperation, and the Norfolk Story League.","An oral history interview with Edith R. White can be fournd in the Old Dominion University Libraries Digital Collections."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_003d0dac00ea401c64cbeeb8d3bfec7c\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection contains of a variety of documents relating to women's activism and educational activity in the city of Norfolk, Virginia.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains of a variety of documents relating to women's activism and educational activity in the city of Norfolk, Virginia."],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Women's Council for Interracial Cooperation (Norfolk, Va.)","Church Women United","Fortnightly Study Club (Norfolk, Va.)","Norfolk Story League"],"names_coll_ssim":["Women's Council for Interracial Cooperation (Norfolk, Va.)","Church Women United","Fortnightly Study Club (Norfolk, Va.)","Norfolk Story League"],"persname_ssim":["White, Edith R. (1923-)"],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Women's Council for Interracial Cooperation (Norfolk, Va.)","Church Women United","Fortnightly Study Club (Norfolk, Va.)","Norfolk Story League","White, Edith R. (1923-)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":42,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:33.091Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_284","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_284","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_284","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_284","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_5_resources_284.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archivesguides.lib.odu.edu/repositories/5/resources/284","title_filing_ssi":"White, Edith R.","title_ssm":["Edith R. White Papers"],"title_tesim":["Edith R. 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Upon graduating from Vassar College, she became a member of the U.S. Navy's WAVES, Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service. For her first operation with WAVES, she trained in cryptography, specifically breaking Japanese codes, and worked in Washington DC. Her second appointment was at Sampson Hospital, a tuberculosis hospital in New York, where she met her husband, Forrest. Shortly after their marriage, they moved first to California for some time, bringing their first child into the world, then to Richmond where Edith gave birth to another child, thenceforth moving to, and settling in Norfolk until this day.","Norfolk had a vastly different political setting than Edith's previous residences. There were on-going issues not only involving racial segregation, but also women's rights. Edith previously had black officers in the Navy and black friends in college, and she believed that this was no way for anyone to live, let alone her children. Being the natural born fighter for civil rights that she was, Edith decided to get involved with as many activist groups that she could. Such groups were the League of Women Voters, Women's Interracial Council, American Association of University Women, and the Norfolk Committee for Public Schools, the latter of which Forrest White would become president.","Note written by James Detterman","The finding aid was created by James Detterman in February 2014.","Forrest P. White Papers (MG 5); Forrest R. \"Hap\" White Papers (MG 96); Women's Council for Interracial Cooperation Papers (MG 54).","Oral Histories in the Perry Library: Edith White","The Edith R. White collection contains of a variety of documents relating to women's activism and educational activity in the city of Norfolk, Virginia. Some of the organizational materials contained in the collection include the Fortnightly Study Club, Women's Council for Interracial Cooperation, and the Norfolk Story League.","An oral history interview with Edith R. White can be fournd in the Old Dominion University Libraries Digital Collections.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","This collection contains of a variety of documents relating to women's activism and educational activity in the city of Norfolk, Virginia.","ODU Community Collections","Women's Council for Interracial Cooperation (Norfolk, Va.)","Church Women United","Fortnightly Study Club (Norfolk, Va.)","Norfolk Story League","White, Edith R. (1923-)","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Edith R. White Papers, 1923/2010"],"collection_ssim":["Edith R. 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(1923-)","ODU Community Collections","Women's Council for Interracial Cooperation (Norfolk, Va.)","Church Women United","Fortnightly Study Club (Norfolk, Va.)","Norfolk Story League"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Edith R. White","Gift. 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White was born in New Jersey in November 4, 1923. Upon graduating from Vassar College, she became a member of the U.S. Navy's WAVES, Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service. For her first operation with WAVES, she trained in cryptography, specifically breaking Japanese codes, and worked in Washington DC. Her second appointment was at Sampson Hospital, a tuberculosis hospital in New York, where she met her husband, Forrest. Shortly after their marriage, they moved first to California for some time, bringing their first child into the world, then to Richmond where Edith gave birth to another child, thenceforth moving to, and settling in Norfolk until this day.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNorfolk had a vastly different political setting than Edith's previous residences. There were on-going issues not only involving racial segregation, but also women's rights. Edith previously had black officers in the Navy and black friends in college, and she believed that this was no way for anyone to live, let alone her children. Being the natural born fighter for civil rights that she was, Edith decided to get involved with as many activist groups that she could. Such groups were the League of Women Voters, Women's Interracial Council, American Association of University Women, and the Norfolk Committee for Public Schools, the latter of which Forrest White would become president.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote written by James Detterman\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Edith R. White was born in New Jersey in November 4, 1923. Upon graduating from Vassar College, she became a member of the U.S. Navy's WAVES, Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service. 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White Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe finding aid was created by James Detterman in February 2014.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The finding aid was created by James Detterman in February 2014."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eForrest P. White Papers (MG 5); Forrest R. \"Hap\" White Papers (MG 96); Women's Council for Interracial Cooperation Papers (MG 54).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOral Histories in the Perry Library: \u003cextref href=\"http://dc.lib.odu.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/oralhistory/id/426/rec/41\"\u003eEdith White\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Forrest P. White Papers (MG 5); Forrest R. \"Hap\" White Papers (MG 96); Women's Council for Interracial Cooperation Papers (MG 54).","Oral Histories in the Perry Library: Edith White"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Edith R. White collection contains of a variety of documents relating to women's activism and educational activity in the city of Norfolk, Virginia. Some of the organizational materials contained in the collection include the Fortnightly Study Club, Women's Council for Interracial Cooperation, and the Norfolk Story League.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn oral history interview with Edith R. White can be fournd in the \u003cextref href=\"https://cdm17158.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/search/searchterm/white%2C%20edith!edith%20white/field/creato!all/mode/exact!all/conn/and!all\"\u003eOld Dominion University Libraries Digital Collections\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Edith R. White collection contains of a variety of documents relating to women's activism and educational activity in the city of Norfolk, Virginia. Some of the organizational materials contained in the collection include the Fortnightly Study Club, Women's Council for Interracial Cooperation, and the Norfolk Story League.","An oral history interview with Edith R. White can be fournd in the Old Dominion University Libraries Digital Collections."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_003d0dac00ea401c64cbeeb8d3bfec7c\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection contains of a variety of documents relating to women's activism and educational activity in the city of Norfolk, Virginia.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains of a variety of documents relating to women's activism and educational activity in the city of Norfolk, Virginia."],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Women's Council for Interracial Cooperation (Norfolk, Va.)","Church Women United","Fortnightly Study Club (Norfolk, Va.)","Norfolk Story League"],"names_coll_ssim":["Women's Council for Interracial Cooperation (Norfolk, Va.)","Church Women United","Fortnightly Study Club (Norfolk, Va.)","Norfolk Story League"],"persname_ssim":["White, Edith R. (1923-)"],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Women's Council for Interracial Cooperation (Norfolk, Va.)","Church Women United","Fortnightly Study Club (Norfolk, Va.)","Norfolk Story League","White, Edith R. (1923-)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":42,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:33.091Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_284"}},{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_307","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"George Conoly Phillips Papers, 1909/2010","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_307#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Phillips, George Conoly (1931-2020)","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_307#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Norfolk City Council member. 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Documents his activities in politics, business and civic affairs.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_307#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_307","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_307","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_307","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_307","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_5_resources_307.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archivesguides.lib.odu.edu/repositories/5/resources/307","title_filing_ssi":"Phillips, George Conoly","title_ssm":["George Conoly Phillips Papers"],"title_tesim":["George Conoly Phillips Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1906-2010, undated","Date acquired: 03/24/1977"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1906-2010, undated"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 03/24/1977"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1909/2010"],"normalized_title_ssm":["George Conoly Phillips Papers, 1909/2010"],"text":["George Conoly Phillips Papers, 1909/2010","MG 15","/repositories/5/resources/307","Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century","Civic leaders--Virginia--Norfolk","City council members--Virginia--Norfolk","Automobile dealers--Virginia--Norfolk","Virginia--Politics and government","The collection is open to researchers without restrictions.","Additional accessions made in 1978, 1981, 2005, and 2011.","The collection is organized into the following series: Series I: Auto Dealership; Series II: Religious Activities; Series III: Community/Civic Memberships and Activities; Series IV: Political Activities; Series V: Personal Information; Series VI: Writing and Speeches; Series VII: Multimedia; Series VIII: Artifacts; and Series IX: Oversize.","George Conoly Phillips was born on December 17, 1931, in Daytona Beach Florida. Phillips was an honor graduate of Maury High School of Norfolk in 1949. He later graduated with his Bachelor's degree in Business Administration from the University of Georgia in 1953. At the University of Georgia he was a member of Omicron Delta Kappa, the National Leadership Honor Society, and a Cadet Colonel of the Air Force R.O.T.C. He received his MBA degree from Old Dominion University in 1976. He served two years as a Lieutenant in the U.S. Air Force.","In 1956, Conoly Phillips and his brother, Tench Phillips opened the Phillips Brothers used car dealership. They founded Phillips Brothers Automoville in 1964. The brothers acquired the Rambler franchise in 1960. In 1964, Tench received the Oldsmobile franchise, and Conoly continued with the Lincoln-Mercury franchise. Conoly Phillips was President, and the later chairman, of Conoly Phillips Lincoln-Mercury. He retired from daily management in 1999 when his company merged with Freedom Automotive. He currently remains a partner in Freedom Automotive.","Conoly Phillips' was also President of the Tidewater Better Business Bureau in 1967 and 1968, President of the United Drug Abuse Commission from 1970-1976, President of the Northside Rotary Club, First Vice-President of the United Way of Virginia, Member of the Central Budget Committee of the United Communities Fund, Former Representative of the City of Norfolk on the Adult Continuing Education Committee, Vice-President of the Sales and Marketing Executives Club of Tidewater, President of the Tidewater Automobile Dealers Association in 1963 and much more. George Conoly Phillips passed away on April 22, 2020 in Norfolk, Virginia.","The papers of George Conoly Phillips date from 1909 to 2010. The collection contains material related to his automotive business, political career, religious background, and personal life.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","Norfolk City Council member. Served as President of the United Drug Abuse Council and was active in the Inter-Christian Fellowship, the Christian Broadcasting Network, and the United Community Fund. 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Phillips was an honor graduate of Maury High School of Norfolk in 1949. He later graduated with his Bachelor's degree in Business Administration from the University of Georgia in 1953. At the University of Georgia he was a member of Omicron Delta Kappa, the National Leadership Honor Society, and a Cadet Colonel of the Air Force R.O.T.C. He received his MBA degree from Old Dominion University in 1976. He served two years as a Lieutenant in the U.S. Air Force.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1956, Conoly Phillips and his brother, Tench Phillips opened the Phillips Brothers used car dealership. They founded Phillips Brothers Automoville in 1964. The brothers acquired the Rambler franchise in 1960. In 1964, Tench received the Oldsmobile franchise, and Conoly continued with the Lincoln-Mercury franchise. Conoly Phillips was President, and the later chairman, of Conoly Phillips Lincoln-Mercury. He retired from daily management in 1999 when his company merged with Freedom Automotive. He currently remains a partner in Freedom Automotive.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConoly Phillips' was also President of the Tidewater Better Business Bureau in 1967 and 1968, President of the United Drug Abuse Commission from 1970-1976, President of the Northside Rotary Club, First Vice-President of the United Way of Virginia, Member of the Central Budget Committee of the United Communities Fund, Former Representative of the City of Norfolk on the Adult Continuing Education Committee, Vice-President of the Sales and Marketing Executives Club of Tidewater, President of the Tidewater Automobile Dealers Association in 1963 and much more. George Conoly Phillips passed away on April 22, 2020 in Norfolk, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["George Conoly Phillips was born on December 17, 1931, in Daytona Beach Florida. Phillips was an honor graduate of Maury High School of Norfolk in 1949. He later graduated with his Bachelor's degree in Business Administration from the University of Georgia in 1953. At the University of Georgia he was a member of Omicron Delta Kappa, the National Leadership Honor Society, and a Cadet Colonel of the Air Force R.O.T.C. He received his MBA degree from Old Dominion University in 1976. He served two years as a Lieutenant in the U.S. Air Force.","In 1956, Conoly Phillips and his brother, Tench Phillips opened the Phillips Brothers used car dealership. They founded Phillips Brothers Automoville in 1964. The brothers acquired the Rambler franchise in 1960. In 1964, Tench received the Oldsmobile franchise, and Conoly continued with the Lincoln-Mercury franchise. Conoly Phillips was President, and the later chairman, of Conoly Phillips Lincoln-Mercury. He retired from daily management in 1999 when his company merged with Freedom Automotive. He currently remains a partner in Freedom Automotive.","Conoly Phillips' was also President of the Tidewater Better Business Bureau in 1967 and 1968, President of the United Drug Abuse Commission from 1970-1976, President of the Northside Rotary Club, First Vice-President of the United Way of Virginia, Member of the Central Budget Committee of the United Communities Fund, Former Representative of the City of Norfolk on the Adult Continuing Education Committee, Vice-President of the Sales and Marketing Executives Club of Tidewater, President of the Tidewater Automobile Dealers Association in 1963 and much more. George Conoly Phillips passed away on April 22, 2020 in Norfolk, Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], George Conoly Phillips Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], George Conoly Phillips Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers of George Conoly Phillips date from 1909 to 2010. The collection contains material related to his automotive business, political career, religious background, and personal life.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The papers of George Conoly Phillips date from 1909 to 2010. The collection contains material related to his automotive business, political career, religious background, and personal life."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e491e9109b4b40f722505fb937a25f8d\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eNorfolk City Council member. Served as President of the United Drug Abuse Council and was active in the Inter-Christian Fellowship, the Christian Broadcasting Network, and the United Community Fund. Documents his activities in politics, business and civic affairs.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Norfolk City Council member. Served as President of the United Drug Abuse Council and was active in the Inter-Christian Fellowship, the Christian Broadcasting Network, and the United Community Fund. Documents his activities in politics, business and civic affairs."],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","First Presbyterian Church of Norfolk (Va.)","Phillips Automotive Inc.","Freedom Automotive (Norfolk, Va.)"],"names_coll_ssim":["First Presbyterian Church of Norfolk (Va.)","Phillips Automotive Inc.","Freedom Automotive (Norfolk, Va.)","Robertson, Pat (1930-)","Phillips, George Conoly (1931-2020)"],"persname_ssim":["Phillips, George Conoly (1931-2020)","Robertson, Pat (1930-)"],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","First Presbyterian Church of Norfolk (Va.)","Phillips Automotive Inc.","Freedom Automotive (Norfolk, Va.)","Phillips, George Conoly (1931-2020)","Robertson, Pat (1930-)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":754,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:33.091Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_307","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_307","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_307","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_307","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_5_resources_307.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archivesguides.lib.odu.edu/repositories/5/resources/307","title_filing_ssi":"Phillips, George Conoly","title_ssm":["George Conoly Phillips Papers"],"title_tesim":["George Conoly Phillips Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1906-2010, undated","Date acquired: 03/24/1977"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1906-2010, undated"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 03/24/1977"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1909/2010"],"normalized_title_ssm":["George Conoly Phillips Papers, 1909/2010"],"text":["George Conoly Phillips Papers, 1909/2010","MG 15","/repositories/5/resources/307","Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century","Civic leaders--Virginia--Norfolk","City council members--Virginia--Norfolk","Automobile dealers--Virginia--Norfolk","Virginia--Politics and government","The collection is open to researchers without restrictions.","Additional accessions made in 1978, 1981, 2005, and 2011.","The collection is organized into the following series: Series I: Auto Dealership; Series II: Religious Activities; Series III: Community/Civic Memberships and Activities; Series IV: Political Activities; Series V: Personal Information; Series VI: Writing and Speeches; Series VII: Multimedia; Series VIII: Artifacts; and Series IX: Oversize.","George Conoly Phillips was born on December 17, 1931, in Daytona Beach Florida. Phillips was an honor graduate of Maury High School of Norfolk in 1949. He later graduated with his Bachelor's degree in Business Administration from the University of Georgia in 1953. At the University of Georgia he was a member of Omicron Delta Kappa, the National Leadership Honor Society, and a Cadet Colonel of the Air Force R.O.T.C. He received his MBA degree from Old Dominion University in 1976. He served two years as a Lieutenant in the U.S. Air Force.","In 1956, Conoly Phillips and his brother, Tench Phillips opened the Phillips Brothers used car dealership. They founded Phillips Brothers Automoville in 1964. The brothers acquired the Rambler franchise in 1960. In 1964, Tench received the Oldsmobile franchise, and Conoly continued with the Lincoln-Mercury franchise. Conoly Phillips was President, and the later chairman, of Conoly Phillips Lincoln-Mercury. He retired from daily management in 1999 when his company merged with Freedom Automotive. He currently remains a partner in Freedom Automotive.","Conoly Phillips' was also President of the Tidewater Better Business Bureau in 1967 and 1968, President of the United Drug Abuse Commission from 1970-1976, President of the Northside Rotary Club, First Vice-President of the United Way of Virginia, Member of the Central Budget Committee of the United Communities Fund, Former Representative of the City of Norfolk on the Adult Continuing Education Committee, Vice-President of the Sales and Marketing Executives Club of Tidewater, President of the Tidewater Automobile Dealers Association in 1963 and much more. George Conoly Phillips passed away on April 22, 2020 in Norfolk, Virginia.","The papers of George Conoly Phillips date from 1909 to 2010. The collection contains material related to his automotive business, political career, religious background, and personal life.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","Norfolk City Council member. Served as President of the United Drug Abuse Council and was active in the Inter-Christian Fellowship, the Christian Broadcasting Network, and the United Community Fund. 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Phillips was an honor graduate of Maury High School of Norfolk in 1949. He later graduated with his Bachelor's degree in Business Administration from the University of Georgia in 1953. At the University of Georgia he was a member of Omicron Delta Kappa, the National Leadership Honor Society, and a Cadet Colonel of the Air Force R.O.T.C. He received his MBA degree from Old Dominion University in 1976. He served two years as a Lieutenant in the U.S. Air Force.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1956, Conoly Phillips and his brother, Tench Phillips opened the Phillips Brothers used car dealership. They founded Phillips Brothers Automoville in 1964. The brothers acquired the Rambler franchise in 1960. In 1964, Tench received the Oldsmobile franchise, and Conoly continued with the Lincoln-Mercury franchise. Conoly Phillips was President, and the later chairman, of Conoly Phillips Lincoln-Mercury. He retired from daily management in 1999 when his company merged with Freedom Automotive. 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He currently remains a partner in Freedom Automotive.","Conoly Phillips' was also President of the Tidewater Better Business Bureau in 1967 and 1968, President of the United Drug Abuse Commission from 1970-1976, President of the Northside Rotary Club, First Vice-President of the United Way of Virginia, Member of the Central Budget Committee of the United Communities Fund, Former Representative of the City of Norfolk on the Adult Continuing Education Committee, Vice-President of the Sales and Marketing Executives Club of Tidewater, President of the Tidewater Automobile Dealers Association in 1963 and much more. George Conoly Phillips passed away on April 22, 2020 in Norfolk, Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], George Conoly Phillips Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], George Conoly Phillips Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers of George Conoly Phillips date from 1909 to 2010. The collection contains material related to his automotive business, political career, religious background, and personal life.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The papers of George Conoly Phillips date from 1909 to 2010. The collection contains material related to his automotive business, political career, religious background, and personal life."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e491e9109b4b40f722505fb937a25f8d\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eNorfolk City Council member. Served as President of the United Drug Abuse Council and was active in the Inter-Christian Fellowship, the Christian Broadcasting Network, and the United Community Fund. Documents his activities in politics, business and civic affairs.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Norfolk City Council member. Served as President of the United Drug Abuse Council and was active in the Inter-Christian Fellowship, the Christian Broadcasting Network, and the United Community Fund. Documents his activities in politics, business and civic affairs."],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","First Presbyterian Church of Norfolk (Va.)","Phillips Automotive Inc.","Freedom Automotive (Norfolk, Va.)"],"names_coll_ssim":["First Presbyterian Church of Norfolk (Va.)","Phillips Automotive Inc.","Freedom Automotive (Norfolk, Va.)","Robertson, Pat (1930-)","Phillips, George Conoly (1931-2020)"],"persname_ssim":["Phillips, George Conoly (1931-2020)","Robertson, Pat (1930-)"],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","First Presbyterian Church of Norfolk (Va.)","Phillips Automotive Inc.","Freedom Automotive (Norfolk, Va.)","Phillips, George Conoly (1931-2020)","Robertson, Pat (1930-)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":754,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:33.091Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_307"}},{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_69","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Hugh Lee Butler Papers, 1896/1953","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_69#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Butler, Hugh Lee (1871-1946)","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_69#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Served on the Norfolk City Council from 1902 to 1938. Papers relate to his service on the Norfolk City Council during the Great Depression and as chairman of Local Draft Board No. 1 during World War I.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_69#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_69","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_69","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_69","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_69","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_5_resources_69.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archivesguides.lib.odu.edu/repositories/5/resources/69","title_filing_ssi":"Butler, Hugh Lee","title_ssm":["Hugh Lee Butler Papers"],"title_tesim":["Hugh Lee Butler Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1896-1953, undated","Date acquired: 01/09/1985"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1896-1953, undated"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 01/09/1985"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1896/1953"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Hugh Lee Butler Papers, 1896/1953"],"text":["Hugh Lee Butler Papers, 1896/1953","MG 58","/repositories/5/resources/69","Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century","Norfolk (Va.)--History--20th century","City council members--Virginia--Norfolk","Race relations--History--20th century","Open to researchers without restrictions.","Hugh Lee Butler, son of Le Grande Cornelius Butler and Martha Watkins Simpson Butler (d. 1897), was born July 19, 1871 in Farmville, Prince Edward County, Virginia. He had three brothers: Percy H., Hunter C. (d. 1905), and Stanley W. (d. 1923). Butler's parents moved to Norfolk when he was nine years old. He attended public schools in Farmville and Norfolk.","Butler married Effie Lee Grace, at the residence of W. E. Brown. The ceremony was performed by the Rev. J. T. Whitley. They became the parents of one daughter, Alice, and three sons, Hugh Lee Jr., Willard H., and Robert T., all of whom survived him. His wife died on December 17, 1935.","Butler began as an office boy at the Seaboard Air Line Railway on May 12, 1884. Promotion followed promotion over the years. In 1922, he was promoted to the position of contracting freight agent, a position he held until his retirement. On March 19, 1937, he received a congratulatory letter from L. R. Powell and Col. Henry W. Anderson upon completion of 50 years' service to the Seaboard. G. B. Rice presented him a 50- year service medal on behalf of the company. He retired at age 70, the Seaboard being the only company for which he had ever worked.","Butler's political career was a distinguished one. It began on what was known as the Common Council, July 1, 1902, representing Brambleton. His term as a member of the Norfolk City Council expired August 31, 1938, after 36 years of service.","He began his career as a member of the Charter Commission in 1902 and served on that body and the Select Council until the council-city manager form of government became a reality. Then he served as a member of the new government for 20 years. He also served on such committees as: Finance, Fire, Public Improvement and Annexation. He served many times as a member of the Democratic Committee from Brambleton and as chair of the Local Draft Board No. 1 from April 1, 1917 - March 31, 1919. He became especially involved in responding to citizens whose need for municipal services had not been met and civil servants (teachers, municipal workers) whose salaries had been cut during the Depression. Members of the Afro-American community found him to be a champion for their causes. One evidence of his tie to that community was a note from P. B. Young, publisher of the Afro-American Journal and Guide when Butler's wife died. He also worked on such projects as the introduction of parking meters to Norfolk and a study of school needs, both salaries as well as space.","Butler was known as a person of personal integrity, one who was loyal in his support of the city's welfare and one who had a mastery of the city's business. These traits provide a partial explanation as to the length of his political career. His service of 36 years was the longest in Norfolk's modern history. An appraisal of his life was best expressed in a resolution passed by the City Council on February 5, 1946: \"That in the death of Hugh L. Butler, the citizens of Norfolk have lost a faithful and conscientious public servant, whose interest in their welfare and efforts in their behalf will long be remembered, and the City has lost a valued citizen of outstanding integrity and fidelity.\"\nThough he retired from public office in 1938, he continued as a public servant. His appointment by President Franklin Delano Roosevelt on October 12, 1940, as Secretary to Norfolk City Draft Board No. 4 is just one instance of his service.","He was in demand as a speaker before such organizations as the Ballantine Civic Association and the Ocean View Democratic and Social Club. He was made an honorary member of the Norfolk Athletic Club.","He died at his home on January 28, 1946 following two heart attacks the previous week.","Note written by Ellis E. O'Neal, Jr.","All clippings in Folders 16-19 and items in Scrapbook are too fragile for researchers to handle. Please consult Special Collections and University Archives staff for assistance.","The bulk of the collection consists of material related to Hugh Lee Butlers's time on the Norfolk City Council as a representative of Brambleton (parking meters; race relations; Foreman Field; city anniversaries; Museum of Arts and Sciences; blue laws; study of schools); his service on the Local Draft Board from 1917 to 1922 (alleged draft evaders, delinquents, deserters); personal and family papers (tax returns, financial records, obituaries, condolences); pamphlets and brochures of Norfolk; clippings from Norfolk newspapers; and, a scrapbook. The correspondence is arranged chronologically, or in original order as clipped together.","[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Hugh Lee Butler Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","Served on the Norfolk City Council from 1902 to 1938. Papers relate to his service on the Norfolk City Council during the Great Depression and as chairman of Local Draft Board No. 1 during World War I.","ODU Community Collections","Butler, Hugh Lee (1871-1946)","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Hugh Lee Butler Papers, 1896/1953"],"collection_ssim":["Hugh Lee Butler Papers, 1896/1953"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MG 58","/repositories/5/resources/69"],"unitid_tesim":["MG 58","/repositories/5/resources/69"],"repository_ssm":["Old Dominion University"],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"geogname_ssm":["Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century","Norfolk (Va.)--History--20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century","Norfolk (Va.)--History--20th century"],"places_ssim":["Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century","Norfolk (Va.)--History--20th century"],"creator_ssm":["Butler, Hugh Lee (1871-1946)"],"creator_ssim":["Butler, Hugh Lee (1871-1946)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Butler, Hugh Lee (1871-1946)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections"],"creators_ssim":["Butler, Hugh Lee (1871-1946)","ODU Community Collections"],"access_terms_ssm":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Hugh Lee Butler Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["\"Hap\" Forrest White","Gift. 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He had three brothers: Percy H., Hunter C. (d. 1905), and Stanley W. (d. 1923). Butler's parents moved to Norfolk when he was nine years old. He attended public schools in Farmville and Norfolk.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eButler married Effie Lee Grace, at the residence of W. E. Brown. The ceremony was performed by the Rev. J. T. Whitley. They became the parents of one daughter, Alice, and three sons, Hugh Lee Jr., Willard H., and Robert T., all of whom survived him. His wife died on December 17, 1935.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eButler began as an office boy at the Seaboard Air Line Railway on May 12, 1884. Promotion followed promotion over the years. In 1922, he was promoted to the position of contracting freight agent, a position he held until his retirement. On March 19, 1937, he received a congratulatory letter from L. R. Powell and Col. Henry W. Anderson upon completion of 50 years' service to the Seaboard. G. B. Rice presented him a 50- year service medal on behalf of the company. He retired at age 70, the Seaboard being the only company for which he had ever worked.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eButler's political career was a distinguished one. It began on what was known as the Common Council, July 1, 1902, representing Brambleton. His term as a member of the Norfolk City Council expired August 31, 1938, after 36 years of service.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHe began his career as a member of the Charter Commission in 1902 and served on that body and the Select Council until the council-city manager form of government became a reality. Then he served as a member of the new government for 20 years. He also served on such committees as: Finance, Fire, Public Improvement and Annexation. He served many times as a member of the Democratic Committee from Brambleton and as chair of the Local Draft Board No. 1 from April 1, 1917 - March 31, 1919. He became especially involved in responding to citizens whose need for municipal services had not been met and civil servants (teachers, municipal workers) whose salaries had been cut during the Depression. Members of the Afro-American community found him to be a champion for their causes. One evidence of his tie to that community was a note from P. B. Young, publisher of the Afro-American Journal and Guide when Butler's wife died. He also worked on such projects as the introduction of parking meters to Norfolk and a study of school needs, both salaries as well as space.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eButler was known as a person of personal integrity, one who was loyal in his support of the city's welfare and one who had a mastery of the city's business. These traits provide a partial explanation as to the length of his political career. His service of 36 years was the longest in Norfolk's modern history. An appraisal of his life was best expressed in a resolution passed by the City Council on February 5, 1946: \"That in the death of Hugh L. Butler, the citizens of Norfolk have lost a faithful and conscientious public servant, whose interest in their welfare and efforts in their behalf will long be remembered, and the City has lost a valued citizen of outstanding integrity and fidelity.\"\nThough he retired from public office in 1938, he continued as a public servant. His appointment by President Franklin Delano Roosevelt on October 12, 1940, as Secretary to Norfolk City Draft Board No. 4 is just one instance of his service.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHe was in demand as a speaker before such organizations as the Ballantine Civic Association and the Ocean View Democratic and Social Club. 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His wife died on December 17, 1935.","Butler began as an office boy at the Seaboard Air Line Railway on May 12, 1884. Promotion followed promotion over the years. In 1922, he was promoted to the position of contracting freight agent, a position he held until his retirement. On March 19, 1937, he received a congratulatory letter from L. R. Powell and Col. Henry W. Anderson upon completion of 50 years' service to the Seaboard. G. B. Rice presented him a 50- year service medal on behalf of the company. He retired at age 70, the Seaboard being the only company for which he had ever worked.","Butler's political career was a distinguished one. It began on what was known as the Common Council, July 1, 1902, representing Brambleton. His term as a member of the Norfolk City Council expired August 31, 1938, after 36 years of service.","He began his career as a member of the Charter Commission in 1902 and served on that body and the Select Council until the council-city manager form of government became a reality. Then he served as a member of the new government for 20 years. He also served on such committees as: Finance, Fire, Public Improvement and Annexation. He served many times as a member of the Democratic Committee from Brambleton and as chair of the Local Draft Board No. 1 from April 1, 1917 - March 31, 1919. He became especially involved in responding to citizens whose need for municipal services had not been met and civil servants (teachers, municipal workers) whose salaries had been cut during the Depression. Members of the Afro-American community found him to be a champion for their causes. One evidence of his tie to that community was a note from P. B. Young, publisher of the Afro-American Journal and Guide when Butler's wife died. He also worked on such projects as the introduction of parking meters to Norfolk and a study of school needs, both salaries as well as space.","Butler was known as a person of personal integrity, one who was loyal in his support of the city's welfare and one who had a mastery of the city's business. These traits provide a partial explanation as to the length of his political career. His service of 36 years was the longest in Norfolk's modern history. An appraisal of his life was best expressed in a resolution passed by the City Council on February 5, 1946: \"That in the death of Hugh L. Butler, the citizens of Norfolk have lost a faithful and conscientious public servant, whose interest in their welfare and efforts in their behalf will long be remembered, and the City has lost a valued citizen of outstanding integrity and fidelity.\"\nThough he retired from public office in 1938, he continued as a public servant. His appointment by President Franklin Delano Roosevelt on October 12, 1940, as Secretary to Norfolk City Draft Board No. 4 is just one instance of his service.","He was in demand as a speaker before such organizations as the Ballantine Civic Association and the Ocean View Democratic and Social Club. He was made an honorary member of the Norfolk Athletic Club.","He died at his home on January 28, 1946 following two heart attacks the previous week.","Note written by Ellis E. O'Neal, Jr."],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll clippings in Folders 16-19 and items in Scrapbook are too fragile for researchers to handle. Please consult Special Collections and University Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Physical Access Requirements"],"phystech_tesim":["All clippings in Folders 16-19 and items in Scrapbook are too fragile for researchers to handle. Please consult Special Collections and University Archives staff for assistance."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Hugh Lee Butler Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Hugh Lee Butler Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the collection consists of material related to Hugh Lee Butlers's time on the Norfolk City Council as a representative of Brambleton (parking meters; race relations; Foreman Field; city anniversaries; Museum of Arts and Sciences; blue laws; study of schools); his service on the Local Draft Board from 1917 to 1922 (alleged draft evaders, delinquents, deserters); personal and family papers (tax returns, financial records, obituaries, condolences); pamphlets and brochures of Norfolk; clippings from Norfolk newspapers; and, a scrapbook. 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The correspondence is arranged chronologically, or in original order as clipped together."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Hugh Lee Butler Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Hugh Lee Butler Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_5350db0a7328f5c63c38300a0fc06adf\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eServed on the Norfolk City Council from 1902 to 1938. Papers relate to his service on the Norfolk City Council during the Great Depression and as chairman of Local Draft Board No. 1 during World War I.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Served on the Norfolk City Council from 1902 to 1938. Papers relate to his service on the Norfolk City Council during the Great Depression and as chairman of Local Draft Board No. 1 during World War I."],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Butler, Hugh Lee (1871-1946)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Butler, Hugh Lee (1871-1946)"],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Butler, Hugh Lee (1871-1946)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":43,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:36.932Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_69","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_69","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_69","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_69","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_5_resources_69.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archivesguides.lib.odu.edu/repositories/5/resources/69","title_filing_ssi":"Butler, Hugh Lee","title_ssm":["Hugh Lee Butler Papers"],"title_tesim":["Hugh Lee Butler Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1896-1953, undated","Date acquired: 01/09/1985"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1896-1953, undated"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 01/09/1985"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1896/1953"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Hugh Lee Butler Papers, 1896/1953"],"text":["Hugh Lee Butler Papers, 1896/1953","MG 58","/repositories/5/resources/69","Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century","Norfolk (Va.)--History--20th century","City council members--Virginia--Norfolk","Race relations--History--20th century","Open to researchers without restrictions.","Hugh Lee Butler, son of Le Grande Cornelius Butler and Martha Watkins Simpson Butler (d. 1897), was born July 19, 1871 in Farmville, Prince Edward County, Virginia. He had three brothers: Percy H., Hunter C. (d. 1905), and Stanley W. (d. 1923). Butler's parents moved to Norfolk when he was nine years old. He attended public schools in Farmville and Norfolk.","Butler married Effie Lee Grace, at the residence of W. E. Brown. The ceremony was performed by the Rev. J. T. Whitley. They became the parents of one daughter, Alice, and three sons, Hugh Lee Jr., Willard H., and Robert T., all of whom survived him. His wife died on December 17, 1935.","Butler began as an office boy at the Seaboard Air Line Railway on May 12, 1884. Promotion followed promotion over the years. In 1922, he was promoted to the position of contracting freight agent, a position he held until his retirement. On March 19, 1937, he received a congratulatory letter from L. R. Powell and Col. Henry W. Anderson upon completion of 50 years' service to the Seaboard. G. B. Rice presented him a 50- year service medal on behalf of the company. He retired at age 70, the Seaboard being the only company for which he had ever worked.","Butler's political career was a distinguished one. It began on what was known as the Common Council, July 1, 1902, representing Brambleton. His term as a member of the Norfolk City Council expired August 31, 1938, after 36 years of service.","He began his career as a member of the Charter Commission in 1902 and served on that body and the Select Council until the council-city manager form of government became a reality. Then he served as a member of the new government for 20 years. He also served on such committees as: Finance, Fire, Public Improvement and Annexation. He served many times as a member of the Democratic Committee from Brambleton and as chair of the Local Draft Board No. 1 from April 1, 1917 - March 31, 1919. He became especially involved in responding to citizens whose need for municipal services had not been met and civil servants (teachers, municipal workers) whose salaries had been cut during the Depression. Members of the Afro-American community found him to be a champion for their causes. One evidence of his tie to that community was a note from P. B. Young, publisher of the Afro-American Journal and Guide when Butler's wife died. He also worked on such projects as the introduction of parking meters to Norfolk and a study of school needs, both salaries as well as space.","Butler was known as a person of personal integrity, one who was loyal in his support of the city's welfare and one who had a mastery of the city's business. These traits provide a partial explanation as to the length of his political career. His service of 36 years was the longest in Norfolk's modern history. An appraisal of his life was best expressed in a resolution passed by the City Council on February 5, 1946: \"That in the death of Hugh L. Butler, the citizens of Norfolk have lost a faithful and conscientious public servant, whose interest in their welfare and efforts in their behalf will long be remembered, and the City has lost a valued citizen of outstanding integrity and fidelity.\"\nThough he retired from public office in 1938, he continued as a public servant. His appointment by President Franklin Delano Roosevelt on October 12, 1940, as Secretary to Norfolk City Draft Board No. 4 is just one instance of his service.","He was in demand as a speaker before such organizations as the Ballantine Civic Association and the Ocean View Democratic and Social Club. He was made an honorary member of the Norfolk Athletic Club.","He died at his home on January 28, 1946 following two heart attacks the previous week.","Note written by Ellis E. O'Neal, Jr.","All clippings in Folders 16-19 and items in Scrapbook are too fragile for researchers to handle. Please consult Special Collections and University Archives staff for assistance.","The bulk of the collection consists of material related to Hugh Lee Butlers's time on the Norfolk City Council as a representative of Brambleton (parking meters; race relations; Foreman Field; city anniversaries; Museum of Arts and Sciences; blue laws; study of schools); his service on the Local Draft Board from 1917 to 1922 (alleged draft evaders, delinquents, deserters); personal and family papers (tax returns, financial records, obituaries, condolences); pamphlets and brochures of Norfolk; clippings from Norfolk newspapers; and, a scrapbook. The correspondence is arranged chronologically, or in original order as clipped together.","[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Hugh Lee Butler Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","Served on the Norfolk City Council from 1902 to 1938. Papers relate to his service on the Norfolk City Council during the Great Depression and as chairman of Local Draft Board No. 1 during World War I.","ODU Community Collections","Butler, Hugh Lee (1871-1946)","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Hugh Lee Butler Papers, 1896/1953"],"collection_ssim":["Hugh Lee Butler Papers, 1896/1953"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MG 58","/repositories/5/resources/69"],"unitid_tesim":["MG 58","/repositories/5/resources/69"],"repository_ssm":["Old Dominion University"],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"geogname_ssm":["Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century","Norfolk (Va.)--History--20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century","Norfolk (Va.)--History--20th century"],"places_ssim":["Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century","Norfolk (Va.)--History--20th century"],"creator_ssm":["Butler, Hugh Lee (1871-1946)"],"creator_ssim":["Butler, Hugh Lee (1871-1946)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Butler, Hugh Lee (1871-1946)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections"],"creators_ssim":["Butler, Hugh Lee (1871-1946)","ODU Community Collections"],"access_terms_ssm":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Hugh Lee Butler Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["\"Hap\" Forrest White","Gift. Accession #A85-1"],"access_subjects_ssim":["City council members--Virginia--Norfolk","Race relations--History--20th century"],"access_subjects_ssm":["City council members--Virginia--Norfolk","Race relations--History--20th century"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.20 Linear Feet","2 Hollinger document cases boxes"],"extent_tesim":["1.20 Linear Feet","2 Hollinger document cases boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1985],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOpen to researchers without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Open to researchers without restrictions."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHugh Lee Butler, son of Le Grande Cornelius Butler and Martha Watkins Simpson Butler (d. 1897), was born July 19, 1871 in Farmville, Prince Edward County, Virginia. He had three brothers: Percy H., Hunter C. (d. 1905), and Stanley W. (d. 1923). Butler's parents moved to Norfolk when he was nine years old. He attended public schools in Farmville and Norfolk.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eButler married Effie Lee Grace, at the residence of W. E. Brown. The ceremony was performed by the Rev. J. T. Whitley. They became the parents of one daughter, Alice, and three sons, Hugh Lee Jr., Willard H., and Robert T., all of whom survived him. His wife died on December 17, 1935.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eButler began as an office boy at the Seaboard Air Line Railway on May 12, 1884. Promotion followed promotion over the years. In 1922, he was promoted to the position of contracting freight agent, a position he held until his retirement. On March 19, 1937, he received a congratulatory letter from L. R. Powell and Col. Henry W. Anderson upon completion of 50 years' service to the Seaboard. G. B. Rice presented him a 50- year service medal on behalf of the company. He retired at age 70, the Seaboard being the only company for which he had ever worked.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eButler's political career was a distinguished one. It began on what was known as the Common Council, July 1, 1902, representing Brambleton. His term as a member of the Norfolk City Council expired August 31, 1938, after 36 years of service.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHe began his career as a member of the Charter Commission in 1902 and served on that body and the Select Council until the council-city manager form of government became a reality. Then he served as a member of the new government for 20 years. He also served on such committees as: Finance, Fire, Public Improvement and Annexation. He served many times as a member of the Democratic Committee from Brambleton and as chair of the Local Draft Board No. 1 from April 1, 1917 - March 31, 1919. He became especially involved in responding to citizens whose need for municipal services had not been met and civil servants (teachers, municipal workers) whose salaries had been cut during the Depression. Members of the Afro-American community found him to be a champion for their causes. One evidence of his tie to that community was a note from P. B. Young, publisher of the Afro-American Journal and Guide when Butler's wife died. He also worked on such projects as the introduction of parking meters to Norfolk and a study of school needs, both salaries as well as space.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eButler was known as a person of personal integrity, one who was loyal in his support of the city's welfare and one who had a mastery of the city's business. These traits provide a partial explanation as to the length of his political career. His service of 36 years was the longest in Norfolk's modern history. An appraisal of his life was best expressed in a resolution passed by the City Council on February 5, 1946: \"That in the death of Hugh L. Butler, the citizens of Norfolk have lost a faithful and conscientious public servant, whose interest in their welfare and efforts in their behalf will long be remembered, and the City has lost a valued citizen of outstanding integrity and fidelity.\"\nThough he retired from public office in 1938, he continued as a public servant. His appointment by President Franklin Delano Roosevelt on October 12, 1940, as Secretary to Norfolk City Draft Board No. 4 is just one instance of his service.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHe was in demand as a speaker before such organizations as the Ballantine Civic Association and the Ocean View Democratic and Social Club. He was made an honorary member of the Norfolk Athletic Club.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHe died at his home on January 28, 1946 following two heart attacks the previous week.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote written by Ellis E. O'Neal, Jr.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Hugh Lee Butler, son of Le Grande Cornelius Butler and Martha Watkins Simpson Butler (d. 1897), was born July 19, 1871 in Farmville, Prince Edward County, Virginia. He had three brothers: Percy H., Hunter C. (d. 1905), and Stanley W. (d. 1923). Butler's parents moved to Norfolk when he was nine years old. He attended public schools in Farmville and Norfolk.","Butler married Effie Lee Grace, at the residence of W. E. Brown. The ceremony was performed by the Rev. J. T. Whitley. They became the parents of one daughter, Alice, and three sons, Hugh Lee Jr., Willard H., and Robert T., all of whom survived him. His wife died on December 17, 1935.","Butler began as an office boy at the Seaboard Air Line Railway on May 12, 1884. Promotion followed promotion over the years. In 1922, he was promoted to the position of contracting freight agent, a position he held until his retirement. On March 19, 1937, he received a congratulatory letter from L. R. Powell and Col. Henry W. Anderson upon completion of 50 years' service to the Seaboard. G. B. Rice presented him a 50- year service medal on behalf of the company. He retired at age 70, the Seaboard being the only company for which he had ever worked.","Butler's political career was a distinguished one. It began on what was known as the Common Council, July 1, 1902, representing Brambleton. His term as a member of the Norfolk City Council expired August 31, 1938, after 36 years of service.","He began his career as a member of the Charter Commission in 1902 and served on that body and the Select Council until the council-city manager form of government became a reality. Then he served as a member of the new government for 20 years. He also served on such committees as: Finance, Fire, Public Improvement and Annexation. He served many times as a member of the Democratic Committee from Brambleton and as chair of the Local Draft Board No. 1 from April 1, 1917 - March 31, 1919. He became especially involved in responding to citizens whose need for municipal services had not been met and civil servants (teachers, municipal workers) whose salaries had been cut during the Depression. Members of the Afro-American community found him to be a champion for their causes. One evidence of his tie to that community was a note from P. B. Young, publisher of the Afro-American Journal and Guide when Butler's wife died. He also worked on such projects as the introduction of parking meters to Norfolk and a study of school needs, both salaries as well as space.","Butler was known as a person of personal integrity, one who was loyal in his support of the city's welfare and one who had a mastery of the city's business. These traits provide a partial explanation as to the length of his political career. His service of 36 years was the longest in Norfolk's modern history. An appraisal of his life was best expressed in a resolution passed by the City Council on February 5, 1946: \"That in the death of Hugh L. Butler, the citizens of Norfolk have lost a faithful and conscientious public servant, whose interest in their welfare and efforts in their behalf will long be remembered, and the City has lost a valued citizen of outstanding integrity and fidelity.\"\nThough he retired from public office in 1938, he continued as a public servant. His appointment by President Franklin Delano Roosevelt on October 12, 1940, as Secretary to Norfolk City Draft Board No. 4 is just one instance of his service.","He was in demand as a speaker before such organizations as the Ballantine Civic Association and the Ocean View Democratic and Social Club. He was made an honorary member of the Norfolk Athletic Club.","He died at his home on January 28, 1946 following two heart attacks the previous week.","Note written by Ellis E. O'Neal, Jr."],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll clippings in Folders 16-19 and items in Scrapbook are too fragile for researchers to handle. Please consult Special Collections and University Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Physical Access Requirements"],"phystech_tesim":["All clippings in Folders 16-19 and items in Scrapbook are too fragile for researchers to handle. Please consult Special Collections and University Archives staff for assistance."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Hugh Lee Butler Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Hugh Lee Butler Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the collection consists of material related to Hugh Lee Butlers's time on the Norfolk City Council as a representative of Brambleton (parking meters; race relations; Foreman Field; city anniversaries; Museum of Arts and Sciences; blue laws; study of schools); his service on the Local Draft Board from 1917 to 1922 (alleged draft evaders, delinquents, deserters); personal and family papers (tax returns, financial records, obituaries, condolences); pamphlets and brochures of Norfolk; clippings from Norfolk newspapers; and, a scrapbook. The correspondence is arranged chronologically, or in original order as clipped together.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The bulk of the collection consists of material related to Hugh Lee Butlers's time on the Norfolk City Council as a representative of Brambleton (parking meters; race relations; Foreman Field; city anniversaries; Museum of Arts and Sciences; blue laws; study of schools); his service on the Local Draft Board from 1917 to 1922 (alleged draft evaders, delinquents, deserters); personal and family papers (tax returns, financial records, obituaries, condolences); pamphlets and brochures of Norfolk; clippings from Norfolk newspapers; and, a scrapbook. The correspondence is arranged chronologically, or in original order as clipped together."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Hugh Lee Butler Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Hugh Lee Butler Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_5350db0a7328f5c63c38300a0fc06adf\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eServed on the Norfolk City Council from 1902 to 1938. Papers relate to his service on the Norfolk City Council during the Great Depression and as chairman of Local Draft Board No. 1 during World War I.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Served on the Norfolk City Council from 1902 to 1938. Papers relate to his service on the Norfolk City Council during the Great Depression and as chairman of Local Draft Board No. 1 during World War I."],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Butler, Hugh Lee (1871-1946)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Butler, Hugh Lee (1871-1946)"],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Butler, Hugh Lee (1871-1946)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":43,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:36.932Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_69"}},{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_138","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Joseph D. Wood Papers, 1917/1951","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_138#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Wood, Joseph Downing (1867-1959)","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_138#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"President of the Wood Towing Company (Tugboats). Served on the Norfolk City Council (1926-1930, 1934-1944) and as Mayor (1940-1944) during World War II. Collection contains business papers, mayoral files, correspondence and the papers of his service on the Elizabeth River Tunnel Commission.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_138#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_138","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_138","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_138","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_138","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_5_resources_138.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archivesguides.lib.odu.edu/repositories/5/resources/138","title_filing_ssi":"Wood, Joseph D.","title_ssm":["Joseph D. Wood Papers"],"title_tesim":["Joseph D. Wood Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1917-1951, undated","Date acquired: 03/01/1976"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1917-1951, undated"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 03/01/1976"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1917/1951"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Joseph D. Wood Papers, 1917/1951"],"text":["Joseph D. Wood Papers, 1917/1951","MG 3","/repositories/5/resources/138","Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century","Norfolk (Va.)--History--20th century","City council members--Virginia--Norfolk","Businessmen--Virginia--Norfolk","Virginia--Politics and government--1865-1950","Mayors--Virginia--Norfolk","Open to researchers without restrictions.","The papers, dating from 1920 to 1951, are divided into six series: Series I: Personal; Series 2: Public Service (Non-Political); Series III: Business; Series IV: Mayoral Files; Series V: City of Norfolk Data; and Series VI: Political Papers. Where possible Captain Wood's own filing system was followed.","Joseph Downing Wood was born on February 22, 1867, on a farm in Washington Co., North Carolina. He was the first of nine children born to Samuel and Pattie Downing Wood. He left the family farm in 1886 to seek his fortune in Norfolk, Virginia. Here he found work as an apprentice seaman, largely on coastal ships. By the age of 21, he was a licensed seaman and at 23, a master seaman on a tugboat. By 1900 Wood had risen to the position of Yard Pilot for the Norfolk Navy Yard in Portsmouth. During World I he was commissioned as a Lt. Commander in the Navy Reserve and served as director of tugs and all floating equipment in the Fifth Naval District.\nAfter the war Wood founded his towing company, beginning with one tug and one barge, neither of which was paid for. By the time he sold his Wood Towing Corporation for $1,500,000 in 1951, the company controlled a whole fleet of tugs. Wood had sold his business rather than agree to the demands of his employees for unionization.\nWood was almost 60 when he first entered the political arena and was elected to the Norfolk City Council in 1926. He was reelected to the council in 1934, 1938, and 1942. He became ex-officio mayor of Norfolk when he was elected president of the council in September, 1940. Wood served as mayor, until his retirement from politics in 1944, during an extremely busy period for a defense oriented city like Norfolk. Economy was Wood's watchword as a politician. Being a staunch conservative, he firmly believed in the \"pay as you go\" philosophy, which dominated Virginia politics during the period in which he was active.\nJoseph Downing Wood married Ada Estelle Burnell on June 2, 1896. They had one child, Margaret (Mrs. Burton DeBerry Melchor). Wood died on April 16, 1959.","Note written by James F. Walsh","Captain Wood was president of Wood Towing Corporation (Tugboats), a member of the Norfolk City Council (1926-1930, 1934-1944), and mayor of Norfolk (1940-1944). He also served on a number of public boards, most notably the Elizabeth River Tunnel Commission. His papers are divided into six sub-groups: personal, public service (non-political), business, mayoral files, City of Norfolk data, and polltical papers. The personal papers contain some family genealogy, correspondence, his autobiography, and a variety of financial records. The public service papers deal mainly with his service on the Elizabeth River Tunnel Commission. The business papers consist of correspondence, tug repair estimates and labor relations files. The bulk of the mayoral files are correspondence, while the City of Norfolk material focuses on financial data and is not duplicated by material found at Norfolk City Hall. Where possible Captain Wood's own filing system was followed.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","President of the Wood Towing Company (Tugboats). Served on the Norfolk City Council (1926-1930, 1934-1944) and as Mayor (1940-1944) during World War II. Collection contains business papers, mayoral files, correspondence and the papers of his service on the Elizabeth River Tunnel Commission.","ODU Community Collections","Wood, Joseph Downing (1867-1959)","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Joseph D. Wood Papers, 1917/1951"],"collection_ssim":["Joseph D. Wood Papers, 1917/1951"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MG 3","/repositories/5/resources/138"],"unitid_tesim":["MG 3","/repositories/5/resources/138"],"repository_ssm":["Old Dominion University"],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"geogname_ssm":["Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century","Norfolk (Va.)--History--20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century","Norfolk (Va.)--History--20th century"],"places_ssim":["Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century","Norfolk (Va.)--History--20th century"],"creator_ssm":["Wood, Joseph Downing (1867-1959)"],"creator_ssim":["Wood, Joseph Downing (1867-1959)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Wood, Joseph Downing (1867-1959)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections"],"creators_ssim":["Wood, Joseph Downing (1867-1959)","ODU Community Collections"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Burton deBerry Melchor III, in honor of his mother Margaret Wood, daughter of Captain Wood","Gift. Accession #A76-9"],"access_subjects_ssim":["City council members--Virginia--Norfolk","Businessmen--Virginia--Norfolk","Virginia--Politics and government--1865-1950","Mayors--Virginia--Norfolk"],"access_subjects_ssm":["City council members--Virginia--Norfolk","Businessmen--Virginia--Norfolk","Virginia--Politics and government--1865-1950","Mayors--Virginia--Norfolk"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["7.60 Linear Feet","19 Hollinger document cases boxes"],"extent_tesim":["7.60 Linear Feet","19 Hollinger document cases boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1976],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOpen to researchers without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Open to researchers without restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers, dating from 1920 to 1951, are divided into six series: Series I: Personal; Series 2: Public Service (Non-Political); Series III: Business; Series IV: Mayoral Files; Series V: City of Norfolk Data; and Series VI: Political Papers. Where possible Captain Wood's own filing system was followed.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The papers, dating from 1920 to 1951, are divided into six series: Series I: Personal; Series 2: Public Service (Non-Political); Series III: Business; Series IV: Mayoral Files; Series V: City of Norfolk Data; and Series VI: Political Papers. Where possible Captain Wood's own filing system was followed."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJoseph Downing Wood was born on February 22, 1867, on a farm in Washington Co., North Carolina. He was the first of nine children born to Samuel and Pattie Downing Wood. He left the family farm in 1886 to seek his fortune in Norfolk, Virginia. Here he found work as an apprentice seaman, largely on coastal ships. By the age of 21, he was a licensed seaman and at 23, a master seaman on a tugboat. By 1900 Wood had risen to the position of Yard Pilot for the Norfolk Navy Yard in Portsmouth. During World I he was commissioned as a Lt. Commander in the Navy Reserve and served as director of tugs and all floating equipment in the Fifth Naval District.\nAfter the war Wood founded his towing company, beginning with one tug and one barge, neither of which was paid for. By the time he sold his Wood Towing Corporation for $1,500,000 in 1951, the company controlled a whole fleet of tugs. Wood had sold his business rather than agree to the demands of his employees for unionization.\nWood was almost 60 when he first entered the political arena and was elected to the Norfolk City Council in 1926. He was reelected to the council in 1934, 1938, and 1942. He became ex-officio mayor of Norfolk when he was elected president of the council in September, 1940. Wood served as mayor, until his retirement from politics in 1944, during an extremely busy period for a defense oriented city like Norfolk. Economy was Wood's watchword as a politician. Being a staunch conservative, he firmly believed in the \"pay as you go\" philosophy, which dominated Virginia politics during the period in which he was active.\nJoseph Downing Wood married Ada Estelle Burnell on June 2, 1896. They had one child, Margaret (Mrs. Burton DeBerry Melchor). Wood died on April 16, 1959.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote written by James F. Walsh\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Joseph Downing Wood was born on February 22, 1867, on a farm in Washington Co., North Carolina. He was the first of nine children born to Samuel and Pattie Downing Wood. He left the family farm in 1886 to seek his fortune in Norfolk, Virginia. Here he found work as an apprentice seaman, largely on coastal ships. By the age of 21, he was a licensed seaman and at 23, a master seaman on a tugboat. By 1900 Wood had risen to the position of Yard Pilot for the Norfolk Navy Yard in Portsmouth. During World I he was commissioned as a Lt. Commander in the Navy Reserve and served as director of tugs and all floating equipment in the Fifth Naval District.\nAfter the war Wood founded his towing company, beginning with one tug and one barge, neither of which was paid for. By the time he sold his Wood Towing Corporation for $1,500,000 in 1951, the company controlled a whole fleet of tugs. Wood had sold his business rather than agree to the demands of his employees for unionization.\nWood was almost 60 when he first entered the political arena and was elected to the Norfolk City Council in 1926. He was reelected to the council in 1934, 1938, and 1942. He became ex-officio mayor of Norfolk when he was elected president of the council in September, 1940. Wood served as mayor, until his retirement from politics in 1944, during an extremely busy period for a defense oriented city like Norfolk. Economy was Wood's watchword as a politician. Being a staunch conservative, he firmly believed in the \"pay as you go\" philosophy, which dominated Virginia politics during the period in which he was active.\nJoseph Downing Wood married Ada Estelle Burnell on June 2, 1896. They had one child, Margaret (Mrs. Burton DeBerry Melchor). Wood died on April 16, 1959.","Note written by James F. Walsh"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Joseph D. Wood Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Joseph D. Wood Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCaptain Wood was president of Wood Towing Corporation (Tugboats), a member of the Norfolk City Council (1926-1930, 1934-1944), and mayor of Norfolk (1940-1944). He also served on a number of public boards, most notably the Elizabeth River Tunnel Commission. His papers are divided into six sub-groups: personal, public service (non-political), business, mayoral files, City of Norfolk data, and polltical papers. The personal papers contain some family genealogy, correspondence, his autobiography, and a variety of financial records. The public service papers deal mainly with his service on the Elizabeth River Tunnel Commission. The business papers consist of correspondence, tug repair estimates and labor relations files. The bulk of the mayoral files are correspondence, while the City of Norfolk material focuses on financial data and is not duplicated by material found at Norfolk City Hall. Where possible Captain Wood's own filing system was followed.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Captain Wood was president of Wood Towing Corporation (Tugboats), a member of the Norfolk City Council (1926-1930, 1934-1944), and mayor of Norfolk (1940-1944). He also served on a number of public boards, most notably the Elizabeth River Tunnel Commission. His papers are divided into six sub-groups: personal, public service (non-political), business, mayoral files, City of Norfolk data, and polltical papers. The personal papers contain some family genealogy, correspondence, his autobiography, and a variety of financial records. The public service papers deal mainly with his service on the Elizabeth River Tunnel Commission. The business papers consist of correspondence, tug repair estimates and labor relations files. The bulk of the mayoral files are correspondence, while the City of Norfolk material focuses on financial data and is not duplicated by material found at Norfolk City Hall. Where possible Captain Wood's own filing system was followed."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_c9aa2d9d971af58ed74c473c666d0adf\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003ePresident of the Wood Towing Company (Tugboats). Served on the Norfolk City Council (1926-1930, 1934-1944) and as Mayor (1940-1944) during World War II. Collection contains business papers, mayoral files, correspondence and the papers of his service on the Elizabeth River Tunnel Commission.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["President of the Wood Towing Company (Tugboats). Served on the Norfolk City Council (1926-1930, 1934-1944) and as Mayor (1940-1944) during World War II. Collection contains business papers, mayoral files, correspondence and the papers of his service on the Elizabeth River Tunnel Commission."],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Wood, Joseph Downing (1867-1959)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Wood, Joseph Downing (1867-1959)"],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Wood, Joseph Downing (1867-1959)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":218,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:23.934Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_138","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_138","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_138","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_138","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_5_resources_138.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archivesguides.lib.odu.edu/repositories/5/resources/138","title_filing_ssi":"Wood, Joseph D.","title_ssm":["Joseph D. Wood Papers"],"title_tesim":["Joseph D. Wood Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1917-1951, undated","Date acquired: 03/01/1976"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1917-1951, undated"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 03/01/1976"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1917/1951"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Joseph D. Wood Papers, 1917/1951"],"text":["Joseph D. Wood Papers, 1917/1951","MG 3","/repositories/5/resources/138","Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century","Norfolk (Va.)--History--20th century","City council members--Virginia--Norfolk","Businessmen--Virginia--Norfolk","Virginia--Politics and government--1865-1950","Mayors--Virginia--Norfolk","Open to researchers without restrictions.","The papers, dating from 1920 to 1951, are divided into six series: Series I: Personal; Series 2: Public Service (Non-Political); Series III: Business; Series IV: Mayoral Files; Series V: City of Norfolk Data; and Series VI: Political Papers. Where possible Captain Wood's own filing system was followed.","Joseph Downing Wood was born on February 22, 1867, on a farm in Washington Co., North Carolina. He was the first of nine children born to Samuel and Pattie Downing Wood. He left the family farm in 1886 to seek his fortune in Norfolk, Virginia. Here he found work as an apprentice seaman, largely on coastal ships. By the age of 21, he was a licensed seaman and at 23, a master seaman on a tugboat. By 1900 Wood had risen to the position of Yard Pilot for the Norfolk Navy Yard in Portsmouth. During World I he was commissioned as a Lt. Commander in the Navy Reserve and served as director of tugs and all floating equipment in the Fifth Naval District.\nAfter the war Wood founded his towing company, beginning with one tug and one barge, neither of which was paid for. By the time he sold his Wood Towing Corporation for $1,500,000 in 1951, the company controlled a whole fleet of tugs. Wood had sold his business rather than agree to the demands of his employees for unionization.\nWood was almost 60 when he first entered the political arena and was elected to the Norfolk City Council in 1926. He was reelected to the council in 1934, 1938, and 1942. He became ex-officio mayor of Norfolk when he was elected president of the council in September, 1940. Wood served as mayor, until his retirement from politics in 1944, during an extremely busy period for a defense oriented city like Norfolk. Economy was Wood's watchword as a politician. Being a staunch conservative, he firmly believed in the \"pay as you go\" philosophy, which dominated Virginia politics during the period in which he was active.\nJoseph Downing Wood married Ada Estelle Burnell on June 2, 1896. They had one child, Margaret (Mrs. Burton DeBerry Melchor). Wood died on April 16, 1959.","Note written by James F. Walsh","Captain Wood was president of Wood Towing Corporation (Tugboats), a member of the Norfolk City Council (1926-1930, 1934-1944), and mayor of Norfolk (1940-1944). He also served on a number of public boards, most notably the Elizabeth River Tunnel Commission. His papers are divided into six sub-groups: personal, public service (non-political), business, mayoral files, City of Norfolk data, and polltical papers. The personal papers contain some family genealogy, correspondence, his autobiography, and a variety of financial records. The public service papers deal mainly with his service on the Elizabeth River Tunnel Commission. The business papers consist of correspondence, tug repair estimates and labor relations files. The bulk of the mayoral files are correspondence, while the City of Norfolk material focuses on financial data and is not duplicated by material found at Norfolk City Hall. Where possible Captain Wood's own filing system was followed.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","President of the Wood Towing Company (Tugboats). Served on the Norfolk City Council (1926-1930, 1934-1944) and as Mayor (1940-1944) during World War II. Collection contains business papers, mayoral files, correspondence and the papers of his service on the Elizabeth River Tunnel Commission.","ODU Community Collections","Wood, Joseph Downing (1867-1959)","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Joseph D. Wood Papers, 1917/1951"],"collection_ssim":["Joseph D. Wood Papers, 1917/1951"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MG 3","/repositories/5/resources/138"],"unitid_tesim":["MG 3","/repositories/5/resources/138"],"repository_ssm":["Old Dominion University"],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"geogname_ssm":["Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century","Norfolk (Va.)--History--20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century","Norfolk (Va.)--History--20th century"],"places_ssim":["Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century","Norfolk (Va.)--History--20th century"],"creator_ssm":["Wood, Joseph Downing (1867-1959)"],"creator_ssim":["Wood, Joseph Downing (1867-1959)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Wood, Joseph Downing (1867-1959)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections"],"creators_ssim":["Wood, Joseph Downing (1867-1959)","ODU Community Collections"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Burton deBerry Melchor III, in honor of his mother Margaret Wood, daughter of Captain Wood","Gift. Accession #A76-9"],"access_subjects_ssim":["City council members--Virginia--Norfolk","Businessmen--Virginia--Norfolk","Virginia--Politics and government--1865-1950","Mayors--Virginia--Norfolk"],"access_subjects_ssm":["City council members--Virginia--Norfolk","Businessmen--Virginia--Norfolk","Virginia--Politics and government--1865-1950","Mayors--Virginia--Norfolk"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["7.60 Linear Feet","19 Hollinger document cases boxes"],"extent_tesim":["7.60 Linear Feet","19 Hollinger document cases boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1976],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOpen to researchers without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Open to researchers without restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers, dating from 1920 to 1951, are divided into six series: Series I: Personal; Series 2: Public Service (Non-Political); Series III: Business; Series IV: Mayoral Files; Series V: City of Norfolk Data; and Series VI: Political Papers. Where possible Captain Wood's own filing system was followed.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The papers, dating from 1920 to 1951, are divided into six series: Series I: Personal; Series 2: Public Service (Non-Political); Series III: Business; Series IV: Mayoral Files; Series V: City of Norfolk Data; and Series VI: Political Papers. Where possible Captain Wood's own filing system was followed."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJoseph Downing Wood was born on February 22, 1867, on a farm in Washington Co., North Carolina. He was the first of nine children born to Samuel and Pattie Downing Wood. He left the family farm in 1886 to seek his fortune in Norfolk, Virginia. Here he found work as an apprentice seaman, largely on coastal ships. By the age of 21, he was a licensed seaman and at 23, a master seaman on a tugboat. By 1900 Wood had risen to the position of Yard Pilot for the Norfolk Navy Yard in Portsmouth. During World I he was commissioned as a Lt. Commander in the Navy Reserve and served as director of tugs and all floating equipment in the Fifth Naval District.\nAfter the war Wood founded his towing company, beginning with one tug and one barge, neither of which was paid for. By the time he sold his Wood Towing Corporation for $1,500,000 in 1951, the company controlled a whole fleet of tugs. Wood had sold his business rather than agree to the demands of his employees for unionization.\nWood was almost 60 when he first entered the political arena and was elected to the Norfolk City Council in 1926. He was reelected to the council in 1934, 1938, and 1942. He became ex-officio mayor of Norfolk when he was elected president of the council in September, 1940. Wood served as mayor, until his retirement from politics in 1944, during an extremely busy period for a defense oriented city like Norfolk. Economy was Wood's watchword as a politician. Being a staunch conservative, he firmly believed in the \"pay as you go\" philosophy, which dominated Virginia politics during the period in which he was active.\nJoseph Downing Wood married Ada Estelle Burnell on June 2, 1896. They had one child, Margaret (Mrs. Burton DeBerry Melchor). Wood died on April 16, 1959.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote written by James F. Walsh\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Joseph Downing Wood was born on February 22, 1867, on a farm in Washington Co., North Carolina. He was the first of nine children born to Samuel and Pattie Downing Wood. He left the family farm in 1886 to seek his fortune in Norfolk, Virginia. Here he found work as an apprentice seaman, largely on coastal ships. By the age of 21, he was a licensed seaman and at 23, a master seaman on a tugboat. By 1900 Wood had risen to the position of Yard Pilot for the Norfolk Navy Yard in Portsmouth. During World I he was commissioned as a Lt. Commander in the Navy Reserve and served as director of tugs and all floating equipment in the Fifth Naval District.\nAfter the war Wood founded his towing company, beginning with one tug and one barge, neither of which was paid for. By the time he sold his Wood Towing Corporation for $1,500,000 in 1951, the company controlled a whole fleet of tugs. Wood had sold his business rather than agree to the demands of his employees for unionization.\nWood was almost 60 when he first entered the political arena and was elected to the Norfolk City Council in 1926. He was reelected to the council in 1934, 1938, and 1942. He became ex-officio mayor of Norfolk when he was elected president of the council in September, 1940. Wood served as mayor, until his retirement from politics in 1944, during an extremely busy period for a defense oriented city like Norfolk. Economy was Wood's watchword as a politician. Being a staunch conservative, he firmly believed in the \"pay as you go\" philosophy, which dominated Virginia politics during the period in which he was active.\nJoseph Downing Wood married Ada Estelle Burnell on June 2, 1896. They had one child, Margaret (Mrs. Burton DeBerry Melchor). Wood died on April 16, 1959.","Note written by James F. Walsh"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Joseph D. Wood Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Joseph D. Wood Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCaptain Wood was president of Wood Towing Corporation (Tugboats), a member of the Norfolk City Council (1926-1930, 1934-1944), and mayor of Norfolk (1940-1944). He also served on a number of public boards, most notably the Elizabeth River Tunnel Commission. His papers are divided into six sub-groups: personal, public service (non-political), business, mayoral files, City of Norfolk data, and polltical papers. The personal papers contain some family genealogy, correspondence, his autobiography, and a variety of financial records. The public service papers deal mainly with his service on the Elizabeth River Tunnel Commission. The business papers consist of correspondence, tug repair estimates and labor relations files. The bulk of the mayoral files are correspondence, while the City of Norfolk material focuses on financial data and is not duplicated by material found at Norfolk City Hall. Where possible Captain Wood's own filing system was followed.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Captain Wood was president of Wood Towing Corporation (Tugboats), a member of the Norfolk City Council (1926-1930, 1934-1944), and mayor of Norfolk (1940-1944). He also served on a number of public boards, most notably the Elizabeth River Tunnel Commission. His papers are divided into six sub-groups: personal, public service (non-political), business, mayoral files, City of Norfolk data, and polltical papers. The personal papers contain some family genealogy, correspondence, his autobiography, and a variety of financial records. The public service papers deal mainly with his service on the Elizabeth River Tunnel Commission. The business papers consist of correspondence, tug repair estimates and labor relations files. The bulk of the mayoral files are correspondence, while the City of Norfolk material focuses on financial data and is not duplicated by material found at Norfolk City Hall. Where possible Captain Wood's own filing system was followed."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_c9aa2d9d971af58ed74c473c666d0adf\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003ePresident of the Wood Towing Company (Tugboats). Served on the Norfolk City Council (1926-1930, 1934-1944) and as Mayor (1940-1944) during World War II. Collection contains business papers, mayoral files, correspondence and the papers of his service on the Elizabeth River Tunnel Commission.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["President of the Wood Towing Company (Tugboats). Served on the Norfolk City Council (1926-1930, 1934-1944) and as Mayor (1940-1944) during World War II. Collection contains business papers, mayoral files, correspondence and the papers of his service on the Elizabeth River Tunnel Commission."],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Wood, Joseph Downing (1867-1959)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Wood, Joseph Downing (1867-1959)"],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Wood, Joseph Downing (1867-1959)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":218,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:23.934Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_138"}},{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_20","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Joseph T. Fitzpatrick Papers, 1895/2004","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_20#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Fitzpatrick, Joseph Thomas (1929-2006)","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_20#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This collection consists of political documents, correspondence, clippings, artifacts, and other items pertaining to the career of Joseph T. Fitzpatrick.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_20#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_20","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_20","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_20","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_20","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_5_resources_20.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archivesguides.lib.odu.edu/repositories/5/resources/20","title_filing_ssi":"Fitzpatrick, Joseph T.","title_ssm":["Joseph T. Fitzpatrick Papers"],"title_tesim":["Joseph T. Fitzpatrick Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1895-2004, undated","Date acquired: 01/24/1977"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1895-2004, undated"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 01/24/1977"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1895/2004"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Joseph T. Fitzpatrick Papers, 1895/2004"],"text":["Joseph T. Fitzpatrick Papers, 1895/2004","MG 118","/repositories/5/resources/20","Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century","Norfolk (Va.)--History--20th century","Virginia--Politics and government","Civic leaders--Virginia--Norfolk","City treasurers--Virginia--Norfolk","Real estate agents--Virginia--Norfolk","City council members--Virginia--Norfolk","audiovisual materials","Open to researchers without restrictions.","Additional accessions in 1980, 2007, 2013.","This collection is organized into four series: Series I: Norfolk City Involvement; Series II: Virginia General Assembly; Series III: Campaign Material; and Series IV: Personal Files.","Joseph Thomas Fitzpatrick was born on June 1st, 1929 in Norfolk, VA. He was born to Clarence Thomas and Alice Fitzpatrick. He graduated from Holy Trinity School in 1947, and went on to attend the Norfolk Division of William \u0026 Mary College.He married Ms. Angeline Venuto in 1949, and they stayed married for forty-four years, until she died in 1993. They had three daughters: Barbara Fitzpatrick Cox, Kathleen Fitzpatrick McGinnis, and Mary Regis F. Williams. Their daughters married and began families of their own, making Joseph and Angeline grandparents.","Besides the multiple personal achievements, Fitzpatrick also achieved many public government positions. He was Chairman of the Democratic Party of Virginia from 1972 to 1979. From 1975 to 1981, he was Senator for the Commonwealth of Virginia. In 1981, Fitzpatrick became the Treasurer for the City of Norfolk, and stayed in the position until 2001. He was a very prominent governmental figure in Virginia, who wanted to make state and local government more open and transparent. Many people admired him for the unique perspective he brought to politics. Sometimes that unique perspective would cause some friction, that whenever a six foot four tall man with black rimmed glasses and thick silver hair walked through the door, everyone knew that a heated discussion was coming. Garrett Epps immortalized him by creating a character inspired by his personality in his 1997 novel, The Shad Treatment.","His achievements followed him everywhere he went. He worked eight years for the Norfolk Southern Railway, and fifteen years as a general traffic manager for Royster Company. He was also a licensed realtor for 20 years. Fitzpatrick was President of the Virginia Catholic High School League Coaches Association for four years, and received the award for Coach of the Year in 1962. During the 1960s, he led a group of young men who took part in Anti-Byrd campaign. He led the Second Congressional District Committee from 1968 to 1972 and the Norfolk Democratic Executive Committee from 1964 to 1968. He began organizing precincts as Norfolk Chair for the 1960 John F. Kennedy campaign. He was also asked to serve as Robert F. Kennedy's presidential campaign manager for the southern states. In 1971, he was the founding director of the Bank of Commonwealth. He won the Virginia Young Democrat Outstanding Virginian Award in 1975, then the Legislative Conservationist of the Year Award in 1979. He was also the founding director of the Bank of Hampton Roads in 1987. In 1990, he was named Treasurer of the Year by the Virginia Treasurers Association. From 1992 to 2000, Fitzpatrick was Vice President of St. Mary's Cemetery Board. He also was President of the DePaul Advisory Board from 1994 to 1995. In 1995 he won the Virginia Commonwealth Award. In 1996 he received an honor from the Virginia Association of Local Executive Officers, as well as both the Distinguished Service Award and Virginia Statesman Award, which were created in his honor.","Joseph T. Fitzpatrick passed away on July 12, 2006 at DePaul Hospital in Norfolk, Virginia.","Note written by Samantha West; Kathleen Smith","The container list was created by Samantha West in February 2014.","Randy Wright Papers (MG 108); Mason C. Andrews Papers (MG 62).","The Joseph T. Fitzpatrick Papers contain an assortment of documents related to his multiple governmental positions in Virginia, including the City of Norfolk and the Virginia General Assembly. The collection also includes newspaper clippings, personal writings and artifacts.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","This collection consists of political documents, correspondence, clippings, artifacts, and other items pertaining to the career of Joseph T. Fitzpatrick.","ODU Community Collections","Fitzpatrick, Joseph Thomas (1929-2006)","Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald) (1917-1963)","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Joseph T. Fitzpatrick Papers, 1895/2004"],"collection_ssim":["Joseph T. Fitzpatrick Papers, 1895/2004"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MG 118","/repositories/5/resources/20"],"unitid_tesim":["MG 118","/repositories/5/resources/20"],"repository_ssm":["Old Dominion University"],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"geogname_ssm":["Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century","Norfolk (Va.)--History--20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century","Norfolk (Va.)--History--20th century"],"places_ssim":["Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century","Norfolk (Va.)--History--20th century"],"creator_ssm":["Fitzpatrick, Joseph Thomas (1929-2006)"],"creator_ssim":["Fitzpatrick, Joseph Thomas (1929-2006)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Fitzpatrick, Joseph Thomas (1929-2006)","Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald) (1917-1963)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections"],"creators_ssim":["Fitzpatrick, Joseph Thomas (1929-2006)","Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald) (1917-1963)","ODU Community Collections"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Joseph T. Fitzpatrick","Gift. Accession #A77-6"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Virginia--Politics and government","Civic leaders--Virginia--Norfolk","City treasurers--Virginia--Norfolk","Real estate agents--Virginia--Norfolk","City council members--Virginia--Norfolk","audiovisual materials"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Virginia--Politics and government","Civic leaders--Virginia--Norfolk","City treasurers--Virginia--Norfolk","Real estate agents--Virginia--Norfolk","City council members--Virginia--Norfolk","audiovisual materials"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["12.50 Linear Feet","7 Hollinger document cases, 1 half Hollinger document case, 3 record center cartons, 2 audiovisual boxes, and 5 oversize boxes boxes"],"extent_tesim":["12.50 Linear Feet","7 Hollinger document cases, 1 half Hollinger document case, 3 record center cartons, 2 audiovisual boxes, and 5 oversize boxes boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["audiovisual materials"],"date_range_isim":[1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOpen to researchers without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Open to researchers without restrictions."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional accessions in 1980, 2007, 2013.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals and Additions"],"accruals_tesim":["Additional accessions in 1980, 2007, 2013."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is organized into four series: Series I: Norfolk City Involvement; Series II: Virginia General Assembly; Series III: Campaign Material; and Series IV: Personal Files.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is organized into four series: Series I: Norfolk City Involvement; Series II: Virginia General Assembly; Series III: Campaign Material; and Series IV: Personal Files."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJoseph Thomas Fitzpatrick was born on June 1st, 1929 in Norfolk, VA. He was born to Clarence Thomas and Alice Fitzpatrick. He graduated from Holy Trinity School in 1947, and went on to attend the Norfolk Division of William \u0026amp; Mary College.He married Ms. Angeline Venuto in 1949, and they stayed married for forty-four years, until she died in 1993. They had three daughters: Barbara Fitzpatrick Cox, Kathleen Fitzpatrick McGinnis, and Mary Regis F. Williams. Their daughters married and began families of their own, making Joseph and Angeline grandparents.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBesides the multiple personal achievements, Fitzpatrick also achieved many public government positions. He was Chairman of the Democratic Party of Virginia from 1972 to 1979. From 1975 to 1981, he was Senator for the Commonwealth of Virginia. In 1981, Fitzpatrick became the Treasurer for the City of Norfolk, and stayed in the position until 2001. He was a very prominent governmental figure in Virginia, who wanted to make state and local government more open and transparent. Many people admired him for the unique perspective he brought to politics. Sometimes that unique perspective would cause some friction, that whenever a six foot four tall man with black rimmed glasses and thick silver hair walked through the door, everyone knew that a heated discussion was coming. Garrett Epps immortalized him by creating a character inspired by his personality in his 1997 novel, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Shad Treatment. \u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHis achievements followed him everywhere he went. He worked eight years for the Norfolk Southern Railway, and fifteen years as a general traffic manager for Royster Company. He was also a licensed realtor for 20 years. Fitzpatrick was President of the Virginia Catholic High School League Coaches Association for four years, and received the award for Coach of the Year in 1962. During the 1960s, he led a group of young men who took part in Anti-Byrd campaign. He led the Second Congressional District Committee from 1968 to 1972 and the Norfolk Democratic Executive Committee from 1964 to 1968. He began organizing precincts as Norfolk Chair for the 1960 John F. Kennedy campaign. He was also asked to serve as Robert F. Kennedy's presidential campaign manager for the southern states. In 1971, he was the founding director of the Bank of Commonwealth. He won the Virginia Young Democrat Outstanding Virginian Award in 1975, then the Legislative Conservationist of the Year Award in 1979. He was also the founding director of the Bank of Hampton Roads in 1987. In 1990, he was named Treasurer of the Year by the Virginia Treasurers Association. From 1992 to 2000, Fitzpatrick was Vice President of St. Mary's Cemetery Board. He also was President of the DePaul Advisory Board from 1994 to 1995. In 1995 he won the Virginia Commonwealth Award. In 1996 he received an honor from the Virginia Association of Local Executive Officers, as well as both the Distinguished Service Award and Virginia Statesman Award, which were created in his honor.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJoseph T. Fitzpatrick passed away on July 12, 2006 at DePaul Hospital in Norfolk, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote written by Samantha West; Kathleen Smith\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Joseph Thomas Fitzpatrick was born on June 1st, 1929 in Norfolk, VA. He was born to Clarence Thomas and Alice Fitzpatrick. He graduated from Holy Trinity School in 1947, and went on to attend the Norfolk Division of William \u0026 Mary College.He married Ms. Angeline Venuto in 1949, and they stayed married for forty-four years, until she died in 1993. They had three daughters: Barbara Fitzpatrick Cox, Kathleen Fitzpatrick McGinnis, and Mary Regis F. Williams. Their daughters married and began families of their own, making Joseph and Angeline grandparents.","Besides the multiple personal achievements, Fitzpatrick also achieved many public government positions. He was Chairman of the Democratic Party of Virginia from 1972 to 1979. From 1975 to 1981, he was Senator for the Commonwealth of Virginia. In 1981, Fitzpatrick became the Treasurer for the City of Norfolk, and stayed in the position until 2001. He was a very prominent governmental figure in Virginia, who wanted to make state and local government more open and transparent. Many people admired him for the unique perspective he brought to politics. Sometimes that unique perspective would cause some friction, that whenever a six foot four tall man with black rimmed glasses and thick silver hair walked through the door, everyone knew that a heated discussion was coming. Garrett Epps immortalized him by creating a character inspired by his personality in his 1997 novel, The Shad Treatment.","His achievements followed him everywhere he went. He worked eight years for the Norfolk Southern Railway, and fifteen years as a general traffic manager for Royster Company. He was also a licensed realtor for 20 years. Fitzpatrick was President of the Virginia Catholic High School League Coaches Association for four years, and received the award for Coach of the Year in 1962. During the 1960s, he led a group of young men who took part in Anti-Byrd campaign. He led the Second Congressional District Committee from 1968 to 1972 and the Norfolk Democratic Executive Committee from 1964 to 1968. He began organizing precincts as Norfolk Chair for the 1960 John F. Kennedy campaign. He was also asked to serve as Robert F. Kennedy's presidential campaign manager for the southern states. In 1971, he was the founding director of the Bank of Commonwealth. He won the Virginia Young Democrat Outstanding Virginian Award in 1975, then the Legislative Conservationist of the Year Award in 1979. He was also the founding director of the Bank of Hampton Roads in 1987. In 1990, he was named Treasurer of the Year by the Virginia Treasurers Association. From 1992 to 2000, Fitzpatrick was Vice President of St. Mary's Cemetery Board. He also was President of the DePaul Advisory Board from 1994 to 1995. In 1995 he won the Virginia Commonwealth Award. In 1996 he received an honor from the Virginia Association of Local Executive Officers, as well as both the Distinguished Service Award and Virginia Statesman Award, which were created in his honor.","Joseph T. Fitzpatrick passed away on July 12, 2006 at DePaul Hospital in Norfolk, Virginia.","Note written by Samantha West; Kathleen Smith"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Joseph T. Fitzpatrick Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Joseph T. Fitzpatrick Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe container list was created by Samantha West in February 2014.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The container list was created by Samantha West in February 2014."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRandy Wright Papers (MG 108); Mason C. Andrews Papers (MG 62).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Randy Wright Papers (MG 108); Mason C. Andrews Papers (MG 62)."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Joseph T. Fitzpatrick Papers contain an assortment of documents related to his multiple governmental positions in Virginia, including the City of Norfolk and the Virginia General Assembly. The collection also includes newspaper clippings, personal writings and artifacts.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Joseph T. Fitzpatrick Papers contain an assortment of documents related to his multiple governmental positions in Virginia, including the City of Norfolk and the Virginia General Assembly. The collection also includes newspaper clippings, personal writings and artifacts."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_613a602c98342bf79a6211c58bc91c4f\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection consists of political documents, correspondence, clippings, artifacts, and other items pertaining to the career of Joseph T. Fitzpatrick.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection consists of political documents, correspondence, clippings, artifacts, and other items pertaining to the career of Joseph T. Fitzpatrick."],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Fitzpatrick, Joseph Thomas (1929-2006)","Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald) (1917-1963)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald) (1917-1963)"],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Fitzpatrick, Joseph Thomas (1929-2006)","Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald) (1917-1963)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":205,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:29.346Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_20","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_20","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_20","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_20","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_5_resources_20.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archivesguides.lib.odu.edu/repositories/5/resources/20","title_filing_ssi":"Fitzpatrick, Joseph T.","title_ssm":["Joseph T. Fitzpatrick Papers"],"title_tesim":["Joseph T. Fitzpatrick Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1895-2004, undated","Date acquired: 01/24/1977"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1895-2004, undated"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 01/24/1977"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1895/2004"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Joseph T. Fitzpatrick Papers, 1895/2004"],"text":["Joseph T. Fitzpatrick Papers, 1895/2004","MG 118","/repositories/5/resources/20","Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century","Norfolk (Va.)--History--20th century","Virginia--Politics and government","Civic leaders--Virginia--Norfolk","City treasurers--Virginia--Norfolk","Real estate agents--Virginia--Norfolk","City council members--Virginia--Norfolk","audiovisual materials","Open to researchers without restrictions.","Additional accessions in 1980, 2007, 2013.","This collection is organized into four series: Series I: Norfolk City Involvement; Series II: Virginia General Assembly; Series III: Campaign Material; and Series IV: Personal Files.","Joseph Thomas Fitzpatrick was born on June 1st, 1929 in Norfolk, VA. He was born to Clarence Thomas and Alice Fitzpatrick. He graduated from Holy Trinity School in 1947, and went on to attend the Norfolk Division of William \u0026 Mary College.He married Ms. Angeline Venuto in 1949, and they stayed married for forty-four years, until she died in 1993. They had three daughters: Barbara Fitzpatrick Cox, Kathleen Fitzpatrick McGinnis, and Mary Regis F. Williams. Their daughters married and began families of their own, making Joseph and Angeline grandparents.","Besides the multiple personal achievements, Fitzpatrick also achieved many public government positions. He was Chairman of the Democratic Party of Virginia from 1972 to 1979. From 1975 to 1981, he was Senator for the Commonwealth of Virginia. In 1981, Fitzpatrick became the Treasurer for the City of Norfolk, and stayed in the position until 2001. He was a very prominent governmental figure in Virginia, who wanted to make state and local government more open and transparent. Many people admired him for the unique perspective he brought to politics. Sometimes that unique perspective would cause some friction, that whenever a six foot four tall man with black rimmed glasses and thick silver hair walked through the door, everyone knew that a heated discussion was coming. Garrett Epps immortalized him by creating a character inspired by his personality in his 1997 novel, The Shad Treatment.","His achievements followed him everywhere he went. He worked eight years for the Norfolk Southern Railway, and fifteen years as a general traffic manager for Royster Company. He was also a licensed realtor for 20 years. Fitzpatrick was President of the Virginia Catholic High School League Coaches Association for four years, and received the award for Coach of the Year in 1962. During the 1960s, he led a group of young men who took part in Anti-Byrd campaign. He led the Second Congressional District Committee from 1968 to 1972 and the Norfolk Democratic Executive Committee from 1964 to 1968. He began organizing precincts as Norfolk Chair for the 1960 John F. Kennedy campaign. He was also asked to serve as Robert F. Kennedy's presidential campaign manager for the southern states. In 1971, he was the founding director of the Bank of Commonwealth. He won the Virginia Young Democrat Outstanding Virginian Award in 1975, then the Legislative Conservationist of the Year Award in 1979. He was also the founding director of the Bank of Hampton Roads in 1987. In 1990, he was named Treasurer of the Year by the Virginia Treasurers Association. From 1992 to 2000, Fitzpatrick was Vice President of St. Mary's Cemetery Board. He also was President of the DePaul Advisory Board from 1994 to 1995. In 1995 he won the Virginia Commonwealth Award. In 1996 he received an honor from the Virginia Association of Local Executive Officers, as well as both the Distinguished Service Award and Virginia Statesman Award, which were created in his honor.","Joseph T. Fitzpatrick passed away on July 12, 2006 at DePaul Hospital in Norfolk, Virginia.","Note written by Samantha West; Kathleen Smith","The container list was created by Samantha West in February 2014.","Randy Wright Papers (MG 108); Mason C. Andrews Papers (MG 62).","The Joseph T. Fitzpatrick Papers contain an assortment of documents related to his multiple governmental positions in Virginia, including the City of Norfolk and the Virginia General Assembly. The collection also includes newspaper clippings, personal writings and artifacts.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","This collection consists of political documents, correspondence, clippings, artifacts, and other items pertaining to the career of Joseph T. 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(John Fitzgerald) (1917-1963)","ODU Community Collections"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Joseph T. Fitzpatrick","Gift. Accession #A77-6"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Virginia--Politics and government","Civic leaders--Virginia--Norfolk","City treasurers--Virginia--Norfolk","Real estate agents--Virginia--Norfolk","City council members--Virginia--Norfolk","audiovisual materials"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Virginia--Politics and government","Civic leaders--Virginia--Norfolk","City treasurers--Virginia--Norfolk","Real estate agents--Virginia--Norfolk","City council members--Virginia--Norfolk","audiovisual materials"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["12.50 Linear Feet","7 Hollinger document cases, 1 half Hollinger document case, 3 record center cartons, 2 audiovisual boxes, and 5 oversize boxes boxes"],"extent_tesim":["12.50 Linear Feet","7 Hollinger document cases, 1 half Hollinger document case, 3 record center cartons, 2 audiovisual boxes, and 5 oversize boxes boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["audiovisual materials"],"date_range_isim":[1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOpen to researchers without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Open to researchers without restrictions."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional accessions in 1980, 2007, 2013.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals and Additions"],"accruals_tesim":["Additional accessions in 1980, 2007, 2013."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is organized into four series: Series I: Norfolk City Involvement; Series II: Virginia General Assembly; Series III: Campaign Material; and Series IV: Personal Files.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is organized into four series: Series I: Norfolk City Involvement; Series II: Virginia General Assembly; Series III: Campaign Material; and Series IV: Personal Files."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJoseph Thomas Fitzpatrick was born on June 1st, 1929 in Norfolk, VA. He was born to Clarence Thomas and Alice Fitzpatrick. He graduated from Holy Trinity School in 1947, and went on to attend the Norfolk Division of William \u0026amp; Mary College.He married Ms. Angeline Venuto in 1949, and they stayed married for forty-four years, until she died in 1993. They had three daughters: Barbara Fitzpatrick Cox, Kathleen Fitzpatrick McGinnis, and Mary Regis F. Williams. Their daughters married and began families of their own, making Joseph and Angeline grandparents.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBesides the multiple personal achievements, Fitzpatrick also achieved many public government positions. He was Chairman of the Democratic Party of Virginia from 1972 to 1979. From 1975 to 1981, he was Senator for the Commonwealth of Virginia. In 1981, Fitzpatrick became the Treasurer for the City of Norfolk, and stayed in the position until 2001. He was a very prominent governmental figure in Virginia, who wanted to make state and local government more open and transparent. Many people admired him for the unique perspective he brought to politics. Sometimes that unique perspective would cause some friction, that whenever a six foot four tall man with black rimmed glasses and thick silver hair walked through the door, everyone knew that a heated discussion was coming. Garrett Epps immortalized him by creating a character inspired by his personality in his 1997 novel, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Shad Treatment. \u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHis achievements followed him everywhere he went. He worked eight years for the Norfolk Southern Railway, and fifteen years as a general traffic manager for Royster Company. He was also a licensed realtor for 20 years. Fitzpatrick was President of the Virginia Catholic High School League Coaches Association for four years, and received the award for Coach of the Year in 1962. During the 1960s, he led a group of young men who took part in Anti-Byrd campaign. He led the Second Congressional District Committee from 1968 to 1972 and the Norfolk Democratic Executive Committee from 1964 to 1968. He began organizing precincts as Norfolk Chair for the 1960 John F. Kennedy campaign. He was also asked to serve as Robert F. Kennedy's presidential campaign manager for the southern states. In 1971, he was the founding director of the Bank of Commonwealth. He won the Virginia Young Democrat Outstanding Virginian Award in 1975, then the Legislative Conservationist of the Year Award in 1979. He was also the founding director of the Bank of Hampton Roads in 1987. In 1990, he was named Treasurer of the Year by the Virginia Treasurers Association. From 1992 to 2000, Fitzpatrick was Vice President of St. Mary's Cemetery Board. He also was President of the DePaul Advisory Board from 1994 to 1995. In 1995 he won the Virginia Commonwealth Award. In 1996 he received an honor from the Virginia Association of Local Executive Officers, as well as both the Distinguished Service Award and Virginia Statesman Award, which were created in his honor.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJoseph T. Fitzpatrick passed away on July 12, 2006 at DePaul Hospital in Norfolk, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote written by Samantha West; Kathleen Smith\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Joseph Thomas Fitzpatrick was born on June 1st, 1929 in Norfolk, VA. He was born to Clarence Thomas and Alice Fitzpatrick. He graduated from Holy Trinity School in 1947, and went on to attend the Norfolk Division of William \u0026 Mary College.He married Ms. Angeline Venuto in 1949, and they stayed married for forty-four years, until she died in 1993. They had three daughters: Barbara Fitzpatrick Cox, Kathleen Fitzpatrick McGinnis, and Mary Regis F. Williams. Their daughters married and began families of their own, making Joseph and Angeline grandparents.","Besides the multiple personal achievements, Fitzpatrick also achieved many public government positions. He was Chairman of the Democratic Party of Virginia from 1972 to 1979. From 1975 to 1981, he was Senator for the Commonwealth of Virginia. In 1981, Fitzpatrick became the Treasurer for the City of Norfolk, and stayed in the position until 2001. He was a very prominent governmental figure in Virginia, who wanted to make state and local government more open and transparent. Many people admired him for the unique perspective he brought to politics. Sometimes that unique perspective would cause some friction, that whenever a six foot four tall man with black rimmed glasses and thick silver hair walked through the door, everyone knew that a heated discussion was coming. Garrett Epps immortalized him by creating a character inspired by his personality in his 1997 novel, The Shad Treatment.","His achievements followed him everywhere he went. He worked eight years for the Norfolk Southern Railway, and fifteen years as a general traffic manager for Royster Company. He was also a licensed realtor for 20 years. Fitzpatrick was President of the Virginia Catholic High School League Coaches Association for four years, and received the award for Coach of the Year in 1962. During the 1960s, he led a group of young men who took part in Anti-Byrd campaign. He led the Second Congressional District Committee from 1968 to 1972 and the Norfolk Democratic Executive Committee from 1964 to 1968. He began organizing precincts as Norfolk Chair for the 1960 John F. Kennedy campaign. He was also asked to serve as Robert F. Kennedy's presidential campaign manager for the southern states. In 1971, he was the founding director of the Bank of Commonwealth. He won the Virginia Young Democrat Outstanding Virginian Award in 1975, then the Legislative Conservationist of the Year Award in 1979. He was also the founding director of the Bank of Hampton Roads in 1987. In 1990, he was named Treasurer of the Year by the Virginia Treasurers Association. From 1992 to 2000, Fitzpatrick was Vice President of St. Mary's Cemetery Board. He also was President of the DePaul Advisory Board from 1994 to 1995. In 1995 he won the Virginia Commonwealth Award. In 1996 he received an honor from the Virginia Association of Local Executive Officers, as well as both the Distinguished Service Award and Virginia Statesman Award, which were created in his honor.","Joseph T. Fitzpatrick passed away on July 12, 2006 at DePaul Hospital in Norfolk, Virginia.","Note written by Samantha West; Kathleen Smith"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Joseph T. Fitzpatrick Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Joseph T. Fitzpatrick Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe container list was created by Samantha West in February 2014.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The container list was created by Samantha West in February 2014."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRandy Wright Papers (MG 108); Mason C. Andrews Papers (MG 62).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Randy Wright Papers (MG 108); Mason C. Andrews Papers (MG 62)."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Joseph T. Fitzpatrick Papers contain an assortment of documents related to his multiple governmental positions in Virginia, including the City of Norfolk and the Virginia General Assembly. The collection also includes newspaper clippings, personal writings and artifacts.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Joseph T. Fitzpatrick Papers contain an assortment of documents related to his multiple governmental positions in Virginia, including the City of Norfolk and the Virginia General Assembly. The collection also includes newspaper clippings, personal writings and artifacts."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_613a602c98342bf79a6211c58bc91c4f\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection consists of political documents, correspondence, clippings, artifacts, and other items pertaining to the career of Joseph T. Fitzpatrick.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection consists of political documents, correspondence, clippings, artifacts, and other items pertaining to the career of Joseph T. Fitzpatrick."],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Fitzpatrick, Joseph Thomas (1929-2006)","Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald) (1917-1963)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald) (1917-1963)"],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Fitzpatrick, Joseph Thomas (1929-2006)","Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald) (1917-1963)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":205,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:29.346Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_20"}},{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_135","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Mason C. Andrews Papers, 1777/2010, bulk 1950/1990","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_135#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Andrews, Mason Cooke (1919-2006)","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_135#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Physician, former city council member and mayor of Norfolk. Served on Norfolk city council from 1974 to 2000 and as the city's mayor from 1992-1994. Was instrumental in the development of the Eastern Virginia Medical School complex and the redevelopment of downtown Norfolk. The collection includes personal, business, and political papers.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_135#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_135","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_135","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_135","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_135","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_5_resources_135.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archivesguides.lib.odu.edu/repositories/5/resources/135","title_filing_ssi":"Andrews, Mason C.","title_ssm":["Mason C. Andrews Papers"],"title_tesim":["Mason C. Andrews Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1777-2010, undated","Date acquired: 10/14/1998","1950-1990"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1777-2010, undated"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1950-1990"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 10/14/1998"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1777/2010, bulk 1950/1990"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Mason C. Andrews Papers, 1777/2010, bulk 1950/1990"],"text":["Mason C. Andrews Papers, 1777/2010, bulk 1950/1990","MG 62","/repositories/5/resources/135","Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century","Hampton Roads (Va.)--History--20th century","Norfolk (Va.)--History--20th century","Physicians--Virginia--Norfolk","Gynecologists--Virginia--Norfolk","Mayors--Virginia--Norfolk","City council members--Virginia--Norfolk","Open to researchers without restrictions.","Second accession was donated in November 2011","This collection is broken down into groups based on when they were given to Special Collections and University Archives: Record Group 1: First Accession; and Record Group 2: Second Accession. Each record group is further organized into series within each record group.","Mason C. Andrews was born in Norfolk, Virginia in 1919. He graduated from Maury High School, and later received his Bachelor's degree in Chemistry from Princeton and his M.D. from John's Hopkins University. He specialized in obstetrics and gynecology and completed his residency training at Johns Hopkins as well. Andrews then began a successful OB/GYN private practice in Norfolk in 1950. Additionally, Dr. Andrews taught Obstetrics and Gynecology at Johns Hopkins University and later at Eastern Virginia Medical School.","Andrews' community service began during the 1950's with service on the Norfolk Chamber of Commerce and the Health Welfare and Recreation Planning Council. While serving as president of the Norfolk County Medical Society, Andrews appointed a bipartisan committee to study the need for a medical school in the area. The study was able to convince the Virginia General Assembly of the need for a new medical school. In 1964 the Eastern Virginia Medical Center authority was formed with the charge of developing the new medical school. Andrews served as the chairman of the authority from 1964-1970. Under his leadership a medical center complex was built in an area that has once been slums. The medical complex now consists of Eastern Virginia Medical School (EVMS), Norfolk General Hospital, Medical Tower, Public Health Department, Children's Hospital of the King's Daughters and Tidewater Rehabilitation Institute. In addition, as chairman of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at EVMS Andrews was instrumental in bringing the team of Drs. Howard and Georgeanna Jones to Norfolk. The Drs. Jones specialized in treating infertility problems. In 1981 they brought notoriety to Norfolk with the role they played in the first successful birth, in the United States, of a baby conceived by in-vitro fertilization. With the success of the in-vitro fertilization program the Jones Institute for Reproductive Medicine was founded in 1983.","Andrews also served on the Norfolk City Council from 1974 to 2000 and as the city's mayor from 1992 to 1994. During his tenure on the council he was instrumental in the redevelopment of the downtown waterfront. Andrews introduced the developer of Baltimore's Inner Harbor, James Rouse, to Norfolk. Rouse designed the Waterside Festival Marketplace for the Norfolk waterfront. Other downtown projects promoted by Andrews included Nauticus, the Norfolk campus of Tidewater Community College, and the MacArthur Center Mall. Mason Andrews declined to run for re-election to city council in 2000.","Andrews passed away on October 13, 2006.","Note written by Janice Halecki","The collection includes correspondence, photographs, medical articles, newspaper clippings, architectural drawings, reports, and other material maintained by Mason C. Andrews, an OB/GYN doctor and Norfolk City Council member. The bulk of the material relates to the development of the Norfolk Medical Center and the Eastern Virginia Medical School, as well as Andrews' tenure on the Norfolk City Council from 1974 to 1997.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","Physician, former city council member and mayor of Norfolk. Served on Norfolk city council from 1974 to 2000 and as the city's mayor from 1992-1994. Was instrumental in the development of the Eastern Virginia Medical School complex and the redevelopment of downtown Norfolk. The collection includes personal, business, and political papers.","ODU Community Collections","Eastern Virginia Medical Authority","Eastern Virginia Medical School","Andrews, Mason Cooke (1919-2006)","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Mason C. Andrews Papers, 1777/2010, bulk 1950/1990"],"collection_ssim":["Mason C. 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Andrews","Gift. 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Each record group is further organized into series within each record group.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is broken down into groups based on when they were given to Special Collections and University Archives: Record Group 1: First Accession; and Record Group 2: Second Accession. Each record group is further organized into series within each record group."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMason C. Andrews was born in Norfolk, Virginia in 1919. He graduated from Maury High School, and later received his Bachelor's degree in Chemistry from Princeton and his M.D. from John's Hopkins University. He specialized in obstetrics and gynecology and completed his residency training at Johns Hopkins as well. Andrews then began a successful OB/GYN private practice in Norfolk in 1950. Additionally, Dr. Andrews taught Obstetrics and Gynecology at Johns Hopkins University and later at Eastern Virginia Medical School.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAndrews' community service began during the 1950's with service on the Norfolk Chamber of Commerce and the Health Welfare and Recreation Planning Council. While serving as president of the Norfolk County Medical Society, Andrews appointed a bipartisan committee to study the need for a medical school in the area. The study was able to convince the Virginia General Assembly of the need for a new medical school. In 1964 the Eastern Virginia Medical Center authority was formed with the charge of developing the new medical school. Andrews served as the chairman of the authority from 1964-1970. Under his leadership a medical center complex was built in an area that has once been slums. The medical complex now consists of Eastern Virginia Medical School (EVMS), Norfolk General Hospital, Medical Tower, Public Health Department, Children's Hospital of the King's Daughters and Tidewater Rehabilitation Institute. In addition, as chairman of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at EVMS Andrews was instrumental in bringing the team of Drs. Howard and Georgeanna Jones to Norfolk. The Drs. Jones specialized in treating infertility problems. In 1981 they brought notoriety to Norfolk with the role they played in the first successful birth, in the United States, of a baby conceived by in-vitro fertilization. With the success of the in-vitro fertilization program the Jones Institute for Reproductive Medicine was founded in 1983.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAndrews also served on the Norfolk City Council from 1974 to 2000 and as the city's mayor from 1992 to 1994. During his tenure on the council he was instrumental in the redevelopment of the downtown waterfront. Andrews introduced the developer of Baltimore's Inner Harbor, James Rouse, to Norfolk. Rouse designed the Waterside Festival Marketplace for the Norfolk waterfront. Other downtown projects promoted by Andrews included Nauticus, the Norfolk campus of Tidewater Community College, and the MacArthur Center Mall. Mason Andrews declined to run for re-election to city council in 2000.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAndrews passed away on October 13, 2006.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote written by Janice Halecki\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Mason C. Andrews was born in Norfolk, Virginia in 1919. He graduated from Maury High School, and later received his Bachelor's degree in Chemistry from Princeton and his M.D. from John's Hopkins University. He specialized in obstetrics and gynecology and completed his residency training at Johns Hopkins as well. Andrews then began a successful OB/GYN private practice in Norfolk in 1950. Additionally, Dr. Andrews taught Obstetrics and Gynecology at Johns Hopkins University and later at Eastern Virginia Medical School.","Andrews' community service began during the 1950's with service on the Norfolk Chamber of Commerce and the Health Welfare and Recreation Planning Council. While serving as president of the Norfolk County Medical Society, Andrews appointed a bipartisan committee to study the need for a medical school in the area. The study was able to convince the Virginia General Assembly of the need for a new medical school. In 1964 the Eastern Virginia Medical Center authority was formed with the charge of developing the new medical school. Andrews served as the chairman of the authority from 1964-1970. Under his leadership a medical center complex was built in an area that has once been slums. The medical complex now consists of Eastern Virginia Medical School (EVMS), Norfolk General Hospital, Medical Tower, Public Health Department, Children's Hospital of the King's Daughters and Tidewater Rehabilitation Institute. In addition, as chairman of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at EVMS Andrews was instrumental in bringing the team of Drs. Howard and Georgeanna Jones to Norfolk. The Drs. Jones specialized in treating infertility problems. In 1981 they brought notoriety to Norfolk with the role they played in the first successful birth, in the United States, of a baby conceived by in-vitro fertilization. With the success of the in-vitro fertilization program the Jones Institute for Reproductive Medicine was founded in 1983.","Andrews also served on the Norfolk City Council from 1974 to 2000 and as the city's mayor from 1992 to 1994. During his tenure on the council he was instrumental in the redevelopment of the downtown waterfront. Andrews introduced the developer of Baltimore's Inner Harbor, James Rouse, to Norfolk. Rouse designed the Waterside Festival Marketplace for the Norfolk waterfront. Other downtown projects promoted by Andrews included Nauticus, the Norfolk campus of Tidewater Community College, and the MacArthur Center Mall. Mason Andrews declined to run for re-election to city council in 2000.","Andrews passed away on October 13, 2006.","Note written by Janice Halecki"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Mason C. Andrews Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Mason C. Andrews Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes correspondence, photographs, medical articles, newspaper clippings, architectural drawings, reports, and other material maintained by Mason C. Andrews, an OB/GYN doctor and Norfolk City Council member. The bulk of the material relates to the development of the Norfolk Medical Center and the Eastern Virginia Medical School, as well as Andrews' tenure on the Norfolk City Council from 1974 to 1997.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection includes correspondence, photographs, medical articles, newspaper clippings, architectural drawings, reports, and other material maintained by Mason C. Andrews, an OB/GYN doctor and Norfolk City Council member. The bulk of the material relates to the development of the Norfolk Medical Center and the Eastern Virginia Medical School, as well as Andrews' tenure on the Norfolk City Council from 1974 to 1997."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_3beccc7904064ee132f9b64969a681f1\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003ePhysician, former city council member and mayor of Norfolk. Served on Norfolk city council from 1974 to 2000 and as the city's mayor from 1992-1994. Was instrumental in the development of the Eastern Virginia Medical School complex and the redevelopment of downtown Norfolk. The collection includes personal, business, and political papers.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Physician, former city council member and mayor of Norfolk. Served on Norfolk city council from 1974 to 2000 and as the city's mayor from 1992-1994. Was instrumental in the development of the Eastern Virginia Medical School complex and the redevelopment of downtown Norfolk. The collection includes personal, business, and political papers."],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Eastern Virginia Medical Authority","Eastern Virginia Medical School"],"names_coll_ssim":["Eastern Virginia Medical Authority","Eastern Virginia Medical School","Andrews, Mason Cooke (1919-2006)"],"persname_ssim":["Andrews, Mason Cooke (1919-2006)"],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Eastern Virginia Medical Authority","Eastern Virginia Medical School","Andrews, Mason Cooke (1919-2006)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1371,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:23.934Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_135","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_135","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_135","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_135","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_5_resources_135.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archivesguides.lib.odu.edu/repositories/5/resources/135","title_filing_ssi":"Andrews, Mason C.","title_ssm":["Mason C. Andrews Papers"],"title_tesim":["Mason C. Andrews Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1777-2010, undated","Date acquired: 10/14/1998","1950-1990"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1777-2010, undated"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1950-1990"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 10/14/1998"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1777/2010, bulk 1950/1990"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Mason C. Andrews Papers, 1777/2010, bulk 1950/1990"],"text":["Mason C. Andrews Papers, 1777/2010, bulk 1950/1990","MG 62","/repositories/5/resources/135","Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century","Hampton Roads (Va.)--History--20th century","Norfolk (Va.)--History--20th century","Physicians--Virginia--Norfolk","Gynecologists--Virginia--Norfolk","Mayors--Virginia--Norfolk","City council members--Virginia--Norfolk","Open to researchers without restrictions.","Second accession was donated in November 2011","This collection is broken down into groups based on when they were given to Special Collections and University Archives: Record Group 1: First Accession; and Record Group 2: Second Accession. Each record group is further organized into series within each record group.","Mason C. Andrews was born in Norfolk, Virginia in 1919. He graduated from Maury High School, and later received his Bachelor's degree in Chemistry from Princeton and his M.D. from John's Hopkins University. He specialized in obstetrics and gynecology and completed his residency training at Johns Hopkins as well. Andrews then began a successful OB/GYN private practice in Norfolk in 1950. Additionally, Dr. Andrews taught Obstetrics and Gynecology at Johns Hopkins University and later at Eastern Virginia Medical School.","Andrews' community service began during the 1950's with service on the Norfolk Chamber of Commerce and the Health Welfare and Recreation Planning Council. While serving as president of the Norfolk County Medical Society, Andrews appointed a bipartisan committee to study the need for a medical school in the area. The study was able to convince the Virginia General Assembly of the need for a new medical school. In 1964 the Eastern Virginia Medical Center authority was formed with the charge of developing the new medical school. Andrews served as the chairman of the authority from 1964-1970. Under his leadership a medical center complex was built in an area that has once been slums. The medical complex now consists of Eastern Virginia Medical School (EVMS), Norfolk General Hospital, Medical Tower, Public Health Department, Children's Hospital of the King's Daughters and Tidewater Rehabilitation Institute. In addition, as chairman of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at EVMS Andrews was instrumental in bringing the team of Drs. Howard and Georgeanna Jones to Norfolk. The Drs. Jones specialized in treating infertility problems. In 1981 they brought notoriety to Norfolk with the role they played in the first successful birth, in the United States, of a baby conceived by in-vitro fertilization. With the success of the in-vitro fertilization program the Jones Institute for Reproductive Medicine was founded in 1983.","Andrews also served on the Norfolk City Council from 1974 to 2000 and as the city's mayor from 1992 to 1994. During his tenure on the council he was instrumental in the redevelopment of the downtown waterfront. Andrews introduced the developer of Baltimore's Inner Harbor, James Rouse, to Norfolk. Rouse designed the Waterside Festival Marketplace for the Norfolk waterfront. Other downtown projects promoted by Andrews included Nauticus, the Norfolk campus of Tidewater Community College, and the MacArthur Center Mall. Mason Andrews declined to run for re-election to city council in 2000.","Andrews passed away on October 13, 2006.","Note written by Janice Halecki","The collection includes correspondence, photographs, medical articles, newspaper clippings, architectural drawings, reports, and other material maintained by Mason C. Andrews, an OB/GYN doctor and Norfolk City Council member. The bulk of the material relates to the development of the Norfolk Medical Center and the Eastern Virginia Medical School, as well as Andrews' tenure on the Norfolk City Council from 1974 to 1997.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","Physician, former city council member and mayor of Norfolk. Served on Norfolk city council from 1974 to 2000 and as the city's mayor from 1992-1994. Was instrumental in the development of the Eastern Virginia Medical School complex and the redevelopment of downtown Norfolk. The collection includes personal, business, and political papers.","ODU Community Collections","Eastern Virginia Medical Authority","Eastern Virginia Medical School","Andrews, Mason Cooke (1919-2006)","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Mason C. Andrews Papers, 1777/2010, bulk 1950/1990"],"collection_ssim":["Mason C. 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Andrews","Gift. 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Each record group is further organized into series within each record group.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is broken down into groups based on when they were given to Special Collections and University Archives: Record Group 1: First Accession; and Record Group 2: Second Accession. Each record group is further organized into series within each record group."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMason C. Andrews was born in Norfolk, Virginia in 1919. He graduated from Maury High School, and later received his Bachelor's degree in Chemistry from Princeton and his M.D. from John's Hopkins University. He specialized in obstetrics and gynecology and completed his residency training at Johns Hopkins as well. Andrews then began a successful OB/GYN private practice in Norfolk in 1950. Additionally, Dr. Andrews taught Obstetrics and Gynecology at Johns Hopkins University and later at Eastern Virginia Medical School.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAndrews' community service began during the 1950's with service on the Norfolk Chamber of Commerce and the Health Welfare and Recreation Planning Council. While serving as president of the Norfolk County Medical Society, Andrews appointed a bipartisan committee to study the need for a medical school in the area. The study was able to convince the Virginia General Assembly of the need for a new medical school. In 1964 the Eastern Virginia Medical Center authority was formed with the charge of developing the new medical school. Andrews served as the chairman of the authority from 1964-1970. Under his leadership a medical center complex was built in an area that has once been slums. The medical complex now consists of Eastern Virginia Medical School (EVMS), Norfolk General Hospital, Medical Tower, Public Health Department, Children's Hospital of the King's Daughters and Tidewater Rehabilitation Institute. In addition, as chairman of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at EVMS Andrews was instrumental in bringing the team of Drs. Howard and Georgeanna Jones to Norfolk. The Drs. Jones specialized in treating infertility problems. In 1981 they brought notoriety to Norfolk with the role they played in the first successful birth, in the United States, of a baby conceived by in-vitro fertilization. With the success of the in-vitro fertilization program the Jones Institute for Reproductive Medicine was founded in 1983.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAndrews also served on the Norfolk City Council from 1974 to 2000 and as the city's mayor from 1992 to 1994. During his tenure on the council he was instrumental in the redevelopment of the downtown waterfront. Andrews introduced the developer of Baltimore's Inner Harbor, James Rouse, to Norfolk. Rouse designed the Waterside Festival Marketplace for the Norfolk waterfront. Other downtown projects promoted by Andrews included Nauticus, the Norfolk campus of Tidewater Community College, and the MacArthur Center Mall. Mason Andrews declined to run for re-election to city council in 2000.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAndrews passed away on October 13, 2006.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote written by Janice Halecki\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Mason C. Andrews was born in Norfolk, Virginia in 1919. He graduated from Maury High School, and later received his Bachelor's degree in Chemistry from Princeton and his M.D. from John's Hopkins University. He specialized in obstetrics and gynecology and completed his residency training at Johns Hopkins as well. Andrews then began a successful OB/GYN private practice in Norfolk in 1950. Additionally, Dr. Andrews taught Obstetrics and Gynecology at Johns Hopkins University and later at Eastern Virginia Medical School.","Andrews' community service began during the 1950's with service on the Norfolk Chamber of Commerce and the Health Welfare and Recreation Planning Council. While serving as president of the Norfolk County Medical Society, Andrews appointed a bipartisan committee to study the need for a medical school in the area. The study was able to convince the Virginia General Assembly of the need for a new medical school. In 1964 the Eastern Virginia Medical Center authority was formed with the charge of developing the new medical school. Andrews served as the chairman of the authority from 1964-1970. Under his leadership a medical center complex was built in an area that has once been slums. The medical complex now consists of Eastern Virginia Medical School (EVMS), Norfolk General Hospital, Medical Tower, Public Health Department, Children's Hospital of the King's Daughters and Tidewater Rehabilitation Institute. In addition, as chairman of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at EVMS Andrews was instrumental in bringing the team of Drs. Howard and Georgeanna Jones to Norfolk. The Drs. Jones specialized in treating infertility problems. In 1981 they brought notoriety to Norfolk with the role they played in the first successful birth, in the United States, of a baby conceived by in-vitro fertilization. With the success of the in-vitro fertilization program the Jones Institute for Reproductive Medicine was founded in 1983.","Andrews also served on the Norfolk City Council from 1974 to 2000 and as the city's mayor from 1992 to 1994. During his tenure on the council he was instrumental in the redevelopment of the downtown waterfront. Andrews introduced the developer of Baltimore's Inner Harbor, James Rouse, to Norfolk. Rouse designed the Waterside Festival Marketplace for the Norfolk waterfront. Other downtown projects promoted by Andrews included Nauticus, the Norfolk campus of Tidewater Community College, and the MacArthur Center Mall. Mason Andrews declined to run for re-election to city council in 2000.","Andrews passed away on October 13, 2006.","Note written by Janice Halecki"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Mason C. Andrews Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Mason C. Andrews Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes correspondence, photographs, medical articles, newspaper clippings, architectural drawings, reports, and other material maintained by Mason C. Andrews, an OB/GYN doctor and Norfolk City Council member. The bulk of the material relates to the development of the Norfolk Medical Center and the Eastern Virginia Medical School, as well as Andrews' tenure on the Norfolk City Council from 1974 to 1997.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection includes correspondence, photographs, medical articles, newspaper clippings, architectural drawings, reports, and other material maintained by Mason C. Andrews, an OB/GYN doctor and Norfolk City Council member. The bulk of the material relates to the development of the Norfolk Medical Center and the Eastern Virginia Medical School, as well as Andrews' tenure on the Norfolk City Council from 1974 to 1997."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_3beccc7904064ee132f9b64969a681f1\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003ePhysician, former city council member and mayor of Norfolk. Served on Norfolk city council from 1974 to 2000 and as the city's mayor from 1992-1994. Was instrumental in the development of the Eastern Virginia Medical School complex and the redevelopment of downtown Norfolk. The collection includes personal, business, and political papers.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Physician, former city council member and mayor of Norfolk. Served on Norfolk city council from 1974 to 2000 and as the city's mayor from 1992-1994. Was instrumental in the development of the Eastern Virginia Medical School complex and the redevelopment of downtown Norfolk. The collection includes personal, business, and political papers."],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Eastern Virginia Medical Authority","Eastern Virginia Medical School"],"names_coll_ssim":["Eastern Virginia Medical Authority","Eastern Virginia Medical School","Andrews, Mason Cooke (1919-2006)"],"persname_ssim":["Andrews, Mason Cooke (1919-2006)"],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Eastern Virginia Medical Authority","Eastern Virginia Medical School","Andrews, Mason Cooke (1919-2006)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1371,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:23.934Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_135"}},{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_303","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Norfolk Forum Collection, 1930/2009","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_303#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Norfolk Forum (Norfolk, Va.)","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_303#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Established in 1932, the Norfolk Forum is believed to be the oldest nonprofit, public lecture series in the U.S. The collection includes Forum business, history, events and event programs, speaker bios, promotional materials, photographs, oral histories, and video tapes of some of the speakers.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_303#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_303","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_303","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_303","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_303","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_5_resources_303.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archivesguides.lib.odu.edu/repositories/5/resources/303","title_filing_ssi":"Norfolk Forum","title_ssm":["Norfolk Forum Collection"],"title_tesim":["Norfolk Forum Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1930-2009, undated","Date acquired: 10/09/2000"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1930-2009, undated"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 10/09/2000"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1930/2009"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Norfolk Forum Collection, 1930/2009"],"text":["Norfolk Forum Collection, 1930/2009","MG 77","/repositories/5/resources/303","Norfolk (Va.)--Intellectual life--20th century","Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century","United States--Politics and government--20th century","United States--Intellectual life--20th century","Lectures and lecturing--Virginia--Norfolk--History--20th century","Open to researchers without restrictions.","Additional accessions made in September 2004 and June 2010.","The collection is organized into eight series: Series I: Business; Series II: Events; Series III: History; Series IV: Publicity; Series V: Speakers; Series VI: Other Organizations; Series VII: Multimedia; and Series VIII: Photographs.","The Norfolk Forum is believed to be the oldest nonprofit, public lecture series in the U.S. Established in 1932 during the Great Depression by Dr. Vincent H. Ober and a handful of other Norfolk citizens, the Norfolk Forum held its first series of lectures during the 1933-34 season. Originally, the Forum was named the \"Norfolk Portsmouth Forum of Public Affairs,\" but it changed its name to the \"Norfolk Forum\" during its first season. This name and a stellar reputation have stuck with the Norfolk Forum for over 70 years. The Forum incorporated on June 2, 1941.","The Norfolk Forum's first membership drive began the summer before the 1933-34 season, consisting of a booth in the lobby of the Smith and Welton department store as well as requests taken by J.E. Capps, the Forum's president at the time. Approximately, 1,150 persons joined the Norfolk Forum during its first year, exceeding an initial goal of 1,100 people. The cost of a ticket for the first season was only $1. To this day, seasons typically begin in the fall and end in the spring, and usually consist of three to four speakers. The Norfolk Forum only sells season memberships, not tickets to individual speakers.","The Norfolk Forum originally hosted speakers at the 1000 seat auditorium at Blair Junior High School. During the 1936-37 season, two out of the scheduled five speakers were hosted at the City Auditorium, which could seat double this number. The Norfolk Forum used the City Auditorium all of the 1937-38 season, and then returned to Blair Auditorium for the 1938-39 season. They continued using this space until the 1943-44 season. At that time they moved to the new 1,300 seat USO Auditorium, but the Norfolk Forum and the USO could not come to a mutual agreement of terms so the Forum moved back to Blair at the end of that season. Lectures continued at Blair Auditorium until the Fall of 1947. After that time, the Forum moved to the larger Center Theater. In 1972 the Norfolk Forum moved to the 2,481 seat Chrysler Hall and has sponsored speakers in this venue ever since.","The Forum's speakers have included presidents, prime ministers, princes and queens, diplomats, politicians, comedians, writers, journalists, playwrights, poets, correspondents, Pulitzer Prize winners, spies, scientists, adventurers, comedians, musicians, actors and actresses, judges, and many professions too varied to list. Traditionally, male speakers are expected to appear in black tie, as their lecture, often accompanied by a reception, is considered a formal affair.","A board of directors made up of local citizens governs the Norfolk Forum. The Forum is supported entirely by income from ticket sales and a grant from the Bruce Shafer World Peace Fund, which supports one speaker yearly on the topic of world peace.","Note written by Mel Frizzell","The collections was processed by Mel Frizzell, Special Collections Assistant, between 2011 and 2012.","The collection contains information about the business of the Norfolk Forum lecture series, its history, and the numerous speakers sponsored by the Forum. Included are information on the Forum's membership, board of directors, correspondence, committees, policies, season programs, brochures, news clippings, and speaker biographies. Also included are audiotapes and videotapes of Forum oral history interviews and select speakers, and numerous photos of various speakers and receptions.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","Established in 1932, the Norfolk Forum is believed to be the oldest nonprofit, public lecture series in the U.S. The collection includes Forum business, history, events and event programs, speaker bios, promotional materials, photographs, oral histories, and video tapes of some of the speakers.","ODU Community Collections","Norfolk Forum (Norfolk, Va.)","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Norfolk Forum Collection, 1930/2009"],"collection_ssim":["Norfolk Forum Collection, 1930/2009"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MG 77","/repositories/5/resources/303"],"unitid_tesim":["MG 77","/repositories/5/resources/303"],"repository_ssm":["Old Dominion University"],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"geogname_ssm":["Norfolk (Va.)--Intellectual life--20th century","Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century","United States--Politics and government--20th century","United States--Intellectual life--20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Norfolk (Va.)--Intellectual life--20th century","Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century","United States--Politics and government--20th century","United States--Intellectual life--20th century"],"places_ssim":["Norfolk (Va.)--Intellectual life--20th century","Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century","United States--Politics and government--20th century","United States--Intellectual life--20th century"],"creator_ssm":["Norfolk Forum (Norfolk, Va.)"],"creator_ssim":["Norfolk Forum (Norfolk, Va.)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Norfolk Forum (Norfolk, Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Norfolk Forum (Norfolk, Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Norfolk Forum","Loan. 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Ober and a handful of other Norfolk citizens, the Norfolk Forum held its first series of lectures during the 1933-34 season. Originally, the Forum was named the \"Norfolk Portsmouth Forum of Public Affairs,\" but it changed its name to the \"Norfolk Forum\" during its first season. This name and a stellar reputation have stuck with the Norfolk Forum for over 70 years. The Forum incorporated on June 2, 1941.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Norfolk Forum's first membership drive began the summer before the 1933-34 season, consisting of a booth in the lobby of the Smith and Welton department store as well as requests taken by J.E. Capps, the Forum's president at the time. Approximately, 1,150 persons joined the Norfolk Forum during its first year, exceeding an initial goal of 1,100 people. The cost of a ticket for the first season was only $1. To this day, seasons typically begin in the fall and end in the spring, and usually consist of three to four speakers. The Norfolk Forum only sells season memberships, not tickets to individual speakers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Norfolk Forum originally hosted speakers at the 1000 seat auditorium at Blair Junior High School. During the 1936-37 season, two out of the scheduled five speakers were hosted at the City Auditorium, which could seat double this number. The Norfolk Forum used the City Auditorium all of the 1937-38 season, and then returned to Blair Auditorium for the 1938-39 season. They continued using this space until the 1943-44 season. At that time they moved to the new 1,300 seat USO Auditorium, but the Norfolk Forum and the USO could not come to a mutual agreement of terms so the Forum moved back to Blair at the end of that season. Lectures continued at Blair Auditorium until the Fall of 1947. After that time, the Forum moved to the larger Center Theater. In 1972 the Norfolk Forum moved to the 2,481 seat Chrysler Hall and has sponsored speakers in this venue ever since.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Forum's speakers have included presidents, prime ministers, princes and queens, diplomats, politicians, comedians, writers, journalists, playwrights, poets, correspondents, Pulitzer Prize winners, spies, scientists, adventurers, comedians, musicians, actors and actresses, judges, and many professions too varied to list. Traditionally, male speakers are expected to appear in black tie, as their lecture, often accompanied by a reception, is considered a formal affair.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA board of directors made up of local citizens governs the Norfolk Forum. The Forum is supported entirely by income from ticket sales and a grant from the Bruce Shafer World Peace Fund, which supports one speaker yearly on the topic of world peace.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote written by Mel Frizzell\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Norfolk Forum is believed to be the oldest nonprofit, public lecture series in the U.S. Established in 1932 during the Great Depression by Dr. Vincent H. Ober and a handful of other Norfolk citizens, the Norfolk Forum held its first series of lectures during the 1933-34 season. Originally, the Forum was named the \"Norfolk Portsmouth Forum of Public Affairs,\" but it changed its name to the \"Norfolk Forum\" during its first season. This name and a stellar reputation have stuck with the Norfolk Forum for over 70 years. The Forum incorporated on June 2, 1941.","The Norfolk Forum's first membership drive began the summer before the 1933-34 season, consisting of a booth in the lobby of the Smith and Welton department store as well as requests taken by J.E. Capps, the Forum's president at the time. Approximately, 1,150 persons joined the Norfolk Forum during its first year, exceeding an initial goal of 1,100 people. The cost of a ticket for the first season was only $1. To this day, seasons typically begin in the fall and end in the spring, and usually consist of three to four speakers. The Norfolk Forum only sells season memberships, not tickets to individual speakers.","The Norfolk Forum originally hosted speakers at the 1000 seat auditorium at Blair Junior High School. During the 1936-37 season, two out of the scheduled five speakers were hosted at the City Auditorium, which could seat double this number. The Norfolk Forum used the City Auditorium all of the 1937-38 season, and then returned to Blair Auditorium for the 1938-39 season. They continued using this space until the 1943-44 season. At that time they moved to the new 1,300 seat USO Auditorium, but the Norfolk Forum and the USO could not come to a mutual agreement of terms so the Forum moved back to Blair at the end of that season. Lectures continued at Blair Auditorium until the Fall of 1947. After that time, the Forum moved to the larger Center Theater. In 1972 the Norfolk Forum moved to the 2,481 seat Chrysler Hall and has sponsored speakers in this venue ever since.","The Forum's speakers have included presidents, prime ministers, princes and queens, diplomats, politicians, comedians, writers, journalists, playwrights, poets, correspondents, Pulitzer Prize winners, spies, scientists, adventurers, comedians, musicians, actors and actresses, judges, and many professions too varied to list. Traditionally, male speakers are expected to appear in black tie, as their lecture, often accompanied by a reception, is considered a formal affair.","A board of directors made up of local citizens governs the Norfolk Forum. The Forum is supported entirely by income from ticket sales and a grant from the Bruce Shafer World Peace Fund, which supports one speaker yearly on the topic of world peace.","Note written by Mel Frizzell"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Norfolk Forum Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Norfolk Forum Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collections was processed by Mel Frizzell, Special Collections Assistant, between 2011 and 2012.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The collections was processed by Mel Frizzell, Special Collections Assistant, between 2011 and 2012."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains information about the business of the Norfolk Forum lecture series, its history, and the numerous speakers sponsored by the Forum. Included are information on the Forum's membership, board of directors, correspondence, committees, policies, season programs, brochures, news clippings, and speaker biographies. Also included are audiotapes and videotapes of Forum oral history interviews and select speakers, and numerous photos of various speakers and receptions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains information about the business of the Norfolk Forum lecture series, its history, and the numerous speakers sponsored by the Forum. Included are information on the Forum's membership, board of directors, correspondence, committees, policies, season programs, brochures, news clippings, and speaker biographies. Also included are audiotapes and videotapes of Forum oral history interviews and select speakers, and numerous photos of various speakers and receptions."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_afbbd9173cdf7c1de577cd28f394f944\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eEstablished in 1932, the Norfolk Forum is believed to be the oldest nonprofit, public lecture series in the U.S. The collection includes Forum business, history, events and event programs, speaker bios, promotional materials, photographs, oral histories, and video tapes of some of the speakers.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Established in 1932, the Norfolk Forum is believed to be the oldest nonprofit, public lecture series in the U.S. The collection includes Forum business, history, events and event programs, speaker bios, promotional materials, photographs, oral histories, and video tapes of some of the speakers."],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Norfolk Forum (Norfolk, Va.)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Norfolk Forum (Norfolk, Va.)"],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Norfolk Forum (Norfolk, Va.)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":610,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:33.091Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_303","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_303","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_303","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_303","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_5_resources_303.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archivesguides.lib.odu.edu/repositories/5/resources/303","title_filing_ssi":"Norfolk Forum","title_ssm":["Norfolk Forum Collection"],"title_tesim":["Norfolk Forum Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1930-2009, undated","Date acquired: 10/09/2000"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1930-2009, undated"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 10/09/2000"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1930/2009"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Norfolk Forum Collection, 1930/2009"],"text":["Norfolk Forum Collection, 1930/2009","MG 77","/repositories/5/resources/303","Norfolk (Va.)--Intellectual life--20th century","Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century","United States--Politics and government--20th century","United States--Intellectual life--20th century","Lectures and lecturing--Virginia--Norfolk--History--20th century","Open to researchers without restrictions.","Additional accessions made in September 2004 and June 2010.","The collection is organized into eight series: Series I: Business; Series II: Events; Series III: History; Series IV: Publicity; Series V: Speakers; Series VI: Other Organizations; Series VII: Multimedia; and Series VIII: Photographs.","The Norfolk Forum is believed to be the oldest nonprofit, public lecture series in the U.S. Established in 1932 during the Great Depression by Dr. Vincent H. Ober and a handful of other Norfolk citizens, the Norfolk Forum held its first series of lectures during the 1933-34 season. Originally, the Forum was named the \"Norfolk Portsmouth Forum of Public Affairs,\" but it changed its name to the \"Norfolk Forum\" during its first season. This name and a stellar reputation have stuck with the Norfolk Forum for over 70 years. The Forum incorporated on June 2, 1941.","The Norfolk Forum's first membership drive began the summer before the 1933-34 season, consisting of a booth in the lobby of the Smith and Welton department store as well as requests taken by J.E. Capps, the Forum's president at the time. Approximately, 1,150 persons joined the Norfolk Forum during its first year, exceeding an initial goal of 1,100 people. The cost of a ticket for the first season was only $1. To this day, seasons typically begin in the fall and end in the spring, and usually consist of three to four speakers. The Norfolk Forum only sells season memberships, not tickets to individual speakers.","The Norfolk Forum originally hosted speakers at the 1000 seat auditorium at Blair Junior High School. During the 1936-37 season, two out of the scheduled five speakers were hosted at the City Auditorium, which could seat double this number. The Norfolk Forum used the City Auditorium all of the 1937-38 season, and then returned to Blair Auditorium for the 1938-39 season. They continued using this space until the 1943-44 season. At that time they moved to the new 1,300 seat USO Auditorium, but the Norfolk Forum and the USO could not come to a mutual agreement of terms so the Forum moved back to Blair at the end of that season. Lectures continued at Blair Auditorium until the Fall of 1947. After that time, the Forum moved to the larger Center Theater. In 1972 the Norfolk Forum moved to the 2,481 seat Chrysler Hall and has sponsored speakers in this venue ever since.","The Forum's speakers have included presidents, prime ministers, princes and queens, diplomats, politicians, comedians, writers, journalists, playwrights, poets, correspondents, Pulitzer Prize winners, spies, scientists, adventurers, comedians, musicians, actors and actresses, judges, and many professions too varied to list. Traditionally, male speakers are expected to appear in black tie, as their lecture, often accompanied by a reception, is considered a formal affair.","A board of directors made up of local citizens governs the Norfolk Forum. The Forum is supported entirely by income from ticket sales and a grant from the Bruce Shafer World Peace Fund, which supports one speaker yearly on the topic of world peace.","Note written by Mel Frizzell","The collections was processed by Mel Frizzell, Special Collections Assistant, between 2011 and 2012.","The collection contains information about the business of the Norfolk Forum lecture series, its history, and the numerous speakers sponsored by the Forum. Included are information on the Forum's membership, board of directors, correspondence, committees, policies, season programs, brochures, news clippings, and speaker biographies. Also included are audiotapes and videotapes of Forum oral history interviews and select speakers, and numerous photos of various speakers and receptions.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","Established in 1932, the Norfolk Forum is believed to be the oldest nonprofit, public lecture series in the U.S. The collection includes Forum business, history, events and event programs, speaker bios, promotional materials, photographs, oral histories, and video tapes of some of the speakers.","ODU Community Collections","Norfolk Forum (Norfolk, Va.)","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Norfolk Forum Collection, 1930/2009"],"collection_ssim":["Norfolk Forum Collection, 1930/2009"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MG 77","/repositories/5/resources/303"],"unitid_tesim":["MG 77","/repositories/5/resources/303"],"repository_ssm":["Old Dominion University"],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"geogname_ssm":["Norfolk (Va.)--Intellectual life--20th century","Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century","United States--Politics and government--20th century","United States--Intellectual life--20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Norfolk (Va.)--Intellectual life--20th century","Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century","United States--Politics and government--20th century","United States--Intellectual life--20th century"],"places_ssim":["Norfolk (Va.)--Intellectual life--20th century","Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century","United States--Politics and government--20th century","United States--Intellectual life--20th century"],"creator_ssm":["Norfolk Forum (Norfolk, Va.)"],"creator_ssim":["Norfolk Forum (Norfolk, Va.)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Norfolk Forum (Norfolk, Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Norfolk Forum (Norfolk, Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Norfolk Forum","Loan. Accession #A2000-9"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Lectures and lecturing--Virginia--Norfolk--History--20th century"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Lectures and lecturing--Virginia--Norfolk--History--20th century"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["14.20 Linear Feet","17 Hollinger document cases, 11 photograph boxes, 2 audiovisual boxes boxes"],"extent_tesim":["14.20 Linear Feet","17 Hollinger document cases, 11 photograph boxes, 2 audiovisual boxes boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOpen to researchers without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Open to researchers without restrictions."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional accessions made in September 2004 and June 2010.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals and Additions"],"accruals_tesim":["Additional accessions made in September 2004 and June 2010."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into eight series: Series I: Business; Series II: Events; Series III: History; Series IV: Publicity; Series V: Speakers; Series VI: Other Organizations; Series VII: Multimedia; and Series VIII: Photographs.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into eight series: Series I: Business; Series II: Events; Series III: History; Series IV: Publicity; Series V: Speakers; Series VI: Other Organizations; Series VII: Multimedia; and Series VIII: Photographs."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Norfolk Forum is believed to be the oldest nonprofit, public lecture series in the U.S. Established in 1932 during the Great Depression by Dr. Vincent H. Ober and a handful of other Norfolk citizens, the Norfolk Forum held its first series of lectures during the 1933-34 season. Originally, the Forum was named the \"Norfolk Portsmouth Forum of Public Affairs,\" but it changed its name to the \"Norfolk Forum\" during its first season. This name and a stellar reputation have stuck with the Norfolk Forum for over 70 years. The Forum incorporated on June 2, 1941.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Norfolk Forum's first membership drive began the summer before the 1933-34 season, consisting of a booth in the lobby of the Smith and Welton department store as well as requests taken by J.E. Capps, the Forum's president at the time. Approximately, 1,150 persons joined the Norfolk Forum during its first year, exceeding an initial goal of 1,100 people. The cost of a ticket for the first season was only $1. To this day, seasons typically begin in the fall and end in the spring, and usually consist of three to four speakers. The Norfolk Forum only sells season memberships, not tickets to individual speakers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Norfolk Forum originally hosted speakers at the 1000 seat auditorium at Blair Junior High School. During the 1936-37 season, two out of the scheduled five speakers were hosted at the City Auditorium, which could seat double this number. The Norfolk Forum used the City Auditorium all of the 1937-38 season, and then returned to Blair Auditorium for the 1938-39 season. They continued using this space until the 1943-44 season. At that time they moved to the new 1,300 seat USO Auditorium, but the Norfolk Forum and the USO could not come to a mutual agreement of terms so the Forum moved back to Blair at the end of that season. Lectures continued at Blair Auditorium until the Fall of 1947. After that time, the Forum moved to the larger Center Theater. In 1972 the Norfolk Forum moved to the 2,481 seat Chrysler Hall and has sponsored speakers in this venue ever since.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Forum's speakers have included presidents, prime ministers, princes and queens, diplomats, politicians, comedians, writers, journalists, playwrights, poets, correspondents, Pulitzer Prize winners, spies, scientists, adventurers, comedians, musicians, actors and actresses, judges, and many professions too varied to list. Traditionally, male speakers are expected to appear in black tie, as their lecture, often accompanied by a reception, is considered a formal affair.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA board of directors made up of local citizens governs the Norfolk Forum. The Forum is supported entirely by income from ticket sales and a grant from the Bruce Shafer World Peace Fund, which supports one speaker yearly on the topic of world peace.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote written by Mel Frizzell\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Norfolk Forum is believed to be the oldest nonprofit, public lecture series in the U.S. Established in 1932 during the Great Depression by Dr. Vincent H. Ober and a handful of other Norfolk citizens, the Norfolk Forum held its first series of lectures during the 1933-34 season. Originally, the Forum was named the \"Norfolk Portsmouth Forum of Public Affairs,\" but it changed its name to the \"Norfolk Forum\" during its first season. This name and a stellar reputation have stuck with the Norfolk Forum for over 70 years. The Forum incorporated on June 2, 1941.","The Norfolk Forum's first membership drive began the summer before the 1933-34 season, consisting of a booth in the lobby of the Smith and Welton department store as well as requests taken by J.E. Capps, the Forum's president at the time. Approximately, 1,150 persons joined the Norfolk Forum during its first year, exceeding an initial goal of 1,100 people. The cost of a ticket for the first season was only $1. To this day, seasons typically begin in the fall and end in the spring, and usually consist of three to four speakers. The Norfolk Forum only sells season memberships, not tickets to individual speakers.","The Norfolk Forum originally hosted speakers at the 1000 seat auditorium at Blair Junior High School. During the 1936-37 season, two out of the scheduled five speakers were hosted at the City Auditorium, which could seat double this number. The Norfolk Forum used the City Auditorium all of the 1937-38 season, and then returned to Blair Auditorium for the 1938-39 season. They continued using this space until the 1943-44 season. At that time they moved to the new 1,300 seat USO Auditorium, but the Norfolk Forum and the USO could not come to a mutual agreement of terms so the Forum moved back to Blair at the end of that season. Lectures continued at Blair Auditorium until the Fall of 1947. After that time, the Forum moved to the larger Center Theater. In 1972 the Norfolk Forum moved to the 2,481 seat Chrysler Hall and has sponsored speakers in this venue ever since.","The Forum's speakers have included presidents, prime ministers, princes and queens, diplomats, politicians, comedians, writers, journalists, playwrights, poets, correspondents, Pulitzer Prize winners, spies, scientists, adventurers, comedians, musicians, actors and actresses, judges, and many professions too varied to list. Traditionally, male speakers are expected to appear in black tie, as their lecture, often accompanied by a reception, is considered a formal affair.","A board of directors made up of local citizens governs the Norfolk Forum. The Forum is supported entirely by income from ticket sales and a grant from the Bruce Shafer World Peace Fund, which supports one speaker yearly on the topic of world peace.","Note written by Mel Frizzell"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Norfolk Forum Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Norfolk Forum Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collections was processed by Mel Frizzell, Special Collections Assistant, between 2011 and 2012.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The collections was processed by Mel Frizzell, Special Collections Assistant, between 2011 and 2012."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains information about the business of the Norfolk Forum lecture series, its history, and the numerous speakers sponsored by the Forum. Included are information on the Forum's membership, board of directors, correspondence, committees, policies, season programs, brochures, news clippings, and speaker biographies. Also included are audiotapes and videotapes of Forum oral history interviews and select speakers, and numerous photos of various speakers and receptions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains information about the business of the Norfolk Forum lecture series, its history, and the numerous speakers sponsored by the Forum. Included are information on the Forum's membership, board of directors, correspondence, committees, policies, season programs, brochures, news clippings, and speaker biographies. Also included are audiotapes and videotapes of Forum oral history interviews and select speakers, and numerous photos of various speakers and receptions."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_afbbd9173cdf7c1de577cd28f394f944\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eEstablished in 1932, the Norfolk Forum is believed to be the oldest nonprofit, public lecture series in the U.S. The collection includes Forum business, history, events and event programs, speaker bios, promotional materials, photographs, oral histories, and video tapes of some of the speakers.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Established in 1932, the Norfolk Forum is believed to be the oldest nonprofit, public lecture series in the U.S. The collection includes Forum business, history, events and event programs, speaker bios, promotional materials, photographs, oral histories, and video tapes of some of the speakers."],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Norfolk Forum (Norfolk, Va.)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Norfolk Forum (Norfolk, Va.)"],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Norfolk Forum (Norfolk, Va.)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":610,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:33.091Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_303"}},{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_187","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Norfolk Public Schools Desegregation Collection, 1922/2008","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_187#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Norfolk Public Schools (Norfolk, Va.)","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_187#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This collection dating from 1922-2008, contains correspondence, memorandum, depositions, court orders, recollections, statistical testing data, printed material, artifacts, and maps.The bulk of the collection provides a glimpse into the decisions made by the School Board through court documentation and the public sentiment during the integration process in Norfolk. While most of the collection deals with desegregation, it also includes school directories and calendars before and after desegregation.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_187#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_187","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_187","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_187","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_187","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_5_resources_187.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archivesguides.lib.odu.edu/repositories/5/resources/187","title_filing_ssi":"Norfolk Public Schools Desegregation","title_ssm":["Norfolk Public Schools Desegregation Collection"],"title_tesim":["Norfolk Public Schools Desegregation Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1922-2008, undated","Date acquired: 12/14/2007"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1922-2008, undated"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 12/14/2007"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1922/2008"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Norfolk Public Schools Desegregation Collection, 1922/2008"],"text":["Norfolk Public Schools Desegregation Collection, 1922/2008","MG 92","/repositories/5/resources/187","Norfolk (Va.)--History--20th century","Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century","African Americans--Civil rights","School integration--Massive resistance movement","School integration--Virginia--Norfolk--History--20th century","Segregation in education--Virginia--Norfolk","Race relations--History--20th century","African Americans--Segregation","African Americans--Education--Virginia--Norfolk","Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka","Public schools--Virginia--Norfolk","School closings--Virginia--Norfolk","Busing for school integration--Virginia--Norfolk","Open to researchers without restrictions.","The collection is organized into five series: Series I: Closing of the Norfolk City Schools; Series II: The Path to a Unitary School District; Series III: Norfolk as a Unitary School District; Series IV: Directories and Calendars; and Series V: Oversized Documents.","Norfolk, Virginia has twice found itself at the center of attention related to the racial desegregation of its schools. The first was in the late 1950s during a state-wide, governor-led resistance to the integration mandated by the Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, KS ruling. Governor J. Lindsay Almond, Jr. closed the schools scheduled to be integrated for five months until the courts intervened. The second was in 1986 when Norfolk became the first school district in the country to have a federal judicial ruling allowing them to end busing for the purpose of achieving racial balance in schools.","On September 19, 1958, U.S. District Judge Walter Hoffman issued an order in continuation of Leola Pearl Beckett v. The School Board of the City of Norfolk which said that Norfolk must immediately begin to integrate its schools. On September 27, 1958, the Norfolk School Board placed 17 African American children into previously all white schools in compliance with the judge's order. Earlier in 1958, the Virginia legislature had granted permission to Governor J. Lindsay Almond, Jr. to close any white school that had \"negroes\" which tried to enroll. On September 27, the same day the children were to start at school, the Governor closed the six affected schools in Norfolk and took them under his control. In all, this impacted more than 10,000 white students and the 17 African American students (the Norfolk 17). In the months that followed, students found avenues to education through private schools, relocation, but mostly through highly organized tutoring groups. In February of 1959, the schools reopened with fewer students-by one estimate almost 2500 fewer.","From 2008 to September 2020, the collection was known as the Norfolk Public Schools Desegregation Papers.","The finding aid was completed by Jennifer Clayton in Apirl 2008.","This collection primarily contains material related to the integration of the Norfolk public schools. The papers include correspondence, court cases, school board resolutions, inter-district memorandum, press releases, reports, news clippings and district maps. Subjects covered are the 1958 school closing to prevent integration, integration progress in the 1960s, busing to achieve integration in the 1970s and the end of busing in the mid-1980s. Among the most important historical materials is correspondence between Governor Lindsay Almond and the School Administration, beginning with the letter ordering the closing of six Norfolk schools as mandated by the \"Massive Resistance\" law. While most of the collection deals with desegregation, it also includes school directories and calendars before and after desegregation. Parts of the collection have been scanned and are available in the Old Dominion University Libraries Digital Collections.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","This collection dating from 1922-2008, contains correspondence, memorandum, depositions, court orders, recollections, statistical testing data, printed material, artifacts, and maps.The bulk of the collection provides a glimpse into the decisions made by the School Board through court documentation and the public sentiment during the integration process in Norfolk. While most of the collection deals with desegregation, it also includes school directories and calendars before and after desegregation.","ODU Community Collections","Norfolk Public Schools (Norfolk, Va.)","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Norfolk Public Schools Desegregation Collection, 1922/2008"],"collection_ssim":["Norfolk Public Schools Desegregation Collection, 1922/2008"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MG 92","/repositories/5/resources/187"],"unitid_tesim":["MG 92","/repositories/5/resources/187"],"repository_ssm":["Old Dominion University"],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"geogname_ssm":["Norfolk (Va.)--History--20th century","Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Norfolk (Va.)--History--20th century","Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century"],"places_ssim":["Norfolk (Va.)--History--20th century","Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century"],"creator_ssm":["Norfolk Public Schools (Norfolk, Va.)"],"creator_ssim":["Norfolk Public Schools (Norfolk, Va.)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Norfolk Public Schools (Norfolk, Va.)","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People"],"creators_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Norfolk Public Schools (Norfolk, Va.)","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Norfolk, Virginia, Public Schools","Gift. Accession #A2007-006"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans--Civil rights","School integration--Massive resistance movement","School integration--Virginia--Norfolk--History--20th century","Segregation in education--Virginia--Norfolk","Race relations--History--20th century","African Americans--Segregation","African Americans--Education--Virginia--Norfolk","Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka","Public schools--Virginia--Norfolk","School closings--Virginia--Norfolk","Busing for school integration--Virginia--Norfolk"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans--Civil rights","School integration--Massive resistance movement","School integration--Virginia--Norfolk--History--20th century","Segregation in education--Virginia--Norfolk","Race relations--History--20th century","African Americans--Segregation","African Americans--Education--Virginia--Norfolk","Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka","Public schools--Virginia--Norfolk","School closings--Virginia--Norfolk","Busing for school integration--Virginia--Norfolk"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["18.40 Linear Feet","34 Hollinger document cases; 2 oversize boxes boxes"],"extent_tesim":["18.40 Linear Feet","34 Hollinger document cases; 2 oversize boxes boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOpen to researchers without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Open to researchers without restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into five series: Series I: Closing of the Norfolk City Schools; Series II: The Path to a Unitary School District; Series III: Norfolk as a Unitary School District; Series IV: Directories and Calendars; and Series V: Oversized Documents.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into five series: Series I: Closing of the Norfolk City Schools; Series II: The Path to a Unitary School District; Series III: Norfolk as a Unitary School District; Series IV: Directories and Calendars; and Series V: Oversized Documents."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNorfolk, Virginia has twice found itself at the center of attention related to the racial desegregation of its schools. The first was in the late 1950s during a state-wide, governor-led resistance to the integration mandated by the Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, KS ruling. Governor J. Lindsay Almond, Jr. closed the schools scheduled to be integrated for five months until the courts intervened. The second was in 1986 when Norfolk became the first school district in the country to have a federal judicial ruling allowing them to end busing for the purpose of achieving racial balance in schools.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn September 19, 1958, U.S. District Judge Walter Hoffman issued an order in continuation of Leola Pearl Beckett v. The School Board of the City of Norfolk which said that Norfolk must immediately begin to integrate its schools. On September 27, 1958, the Norfolk School Board placed 17 African American children into previously all white schools in compliance with the judge's order. Earlier in 1958, the Virginia legislature had granted permission to Governor J. Lindsay Almond, Jr. to close any white school that had \"negroes\" which tried to enroll. On September 27, the same day the children were to start at school, the Governor closed the six affected schools in Norfolk and took them under his control. In all, this impacted more than 10,000 white students and the 17 African American students (the Norfolk 17). In the months that followed, students found avenues to education through private schools, relocation, but mostly through highly organized tutoring groups. In February of 1959, the schools reopened with fewer students-by one estimate almost 2500 fewer.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Norfolk, Virginia has twice found itself at the center of attention related to the racial desegregation of its schools. The first was in the late 1950s during a state-wide, governor-led resistance to the integration mandated by the Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, KS ruling. Governor J. Lindsay Almond, Jr. closed the schools scheduled to be integrated for five months until the courts intervened. The second was in 1986 when Norfolk became the first school district in the country to have a federal judicial ruling allowing them to end busing for the purpose of achieving racial balance in schools.","On September 19, 1958, U.S. District Judge Walter Hoffman issued an order in continuation of Leola Pearl Beckett v. The School Board of the City of Norfolk which said that Norfolk must immediately begin to integrate its schools. On September 27, 1958, the Norfolk School Board placed 17 African American children into previously all white schools in compliance with the judge's order. Earlier in 1958, the Virginia legislature had granted permission to Governor J. Lindsay Almond, Jr. to close any white school that had \"negroes\" which tried to enroll. On September 27, the same day the children were to start at school, the Governor closed the six affected schools in Norfolk and took them under his control. In all, this impacted more than 10,000 white students and the 17 African American students (the Norfolk 17). In the months that followed, students found avenues to education through private schools, relocation, but mostly through highly organized tutoring groups. In February of 1959, the schools reopened with fewer students-by one estimate almost 2500 fewer."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrom 2008 to September 2020, the collection was known as the Norfolk Public Schools Desegregation Papers.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["From 2008 to September 2020, the collection was known as the Norfolk Public Schools Desegregation Papers."],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|80f31496-d0c0-40e8-9c9c-024a1e1a2903/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Related Digital Material"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["ODU Digital Collections"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Norfolk Public Schools Desegregation Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Norfolk Public Schools Desegregation Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe finding aid was completed by Jennifer Clayton in Apirl 2008.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The finding aid was completed by Jennifer Clayton in Apirl 2008."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection primarily contains material related to the integration of the Norfolk public schools. The papers include correspondence, court cases, school board resolutions, inter-district memorandum, press releases, reports, news clippings and district maps. Subjects covered are the 1958 school closing to prevent integration, integration progress in the 1960s, busing to achieve integration in the 1970s and the end of busing in the mid-1980s. Among the most important historical materials is correspondence between Governor Lindsay Almond and the School Administration, beginning with the letter ordering the closing of six Norfolk schools as mandated by the \"Massive Resistance\" law. While most of the collection deals with desegregation, it also includes school directories and calendars before and after desegregation. Parts of the collection have been scanned and are available in the \u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/SO_80f31496-d0c0-40e8-9c9c-024a1e1a2903/\"\u003eOld Dominion University Libraries Digital Collections.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection primarily contains material related to the integration of the Norfolk public schools. The papers include correspondence, court cases, school board resolutions, inter-district memorandum, press releases, reports, news clippings and district maps. Subjects covered are the 1958 school closing to prevent integration, integration progress in the 1960s, busing to achieve integration in the 1970s and the end of busing in the mid-1980s. Among the most important historical materials is correspondence between Governor Lindsay Almond and the School Administration, beginning with the letter ordering the closing of six Norfolk schools as mandated by the \"Massive Resistance\" law. While most of the collection deals with desegregation, it also includes school directories and calendars before and after desegregation. Parts of the collection have been scanned and are available in the Old Dominion University Libraries Digital Collections."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_cc312911e0755655711aff73f46b1cbc\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection dating from 1922-2008, contains correspondence, memorandum, depositions, court orders, recollections, statistical testing data, printed material, artifacts, and maps.The bulk of the collection provides a glimpse into the decisions made by the School Board through court documentation and the public sentiment during the integration process in Norfolk. While most of the collection deals with desegregation, it also includes school directories and calendars before and after desegregation.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection dating from 1922-2008, contains correspondence, memorandum, depositions, court orders, recollections, statistical testing data, printed material, artifacts, and maps.The bulk of the collection provides a glimpse into the decisions made by the School Board through court documentation and the public sentiment during the integration process in Norfolk. While most of the collection deals with desegregation, it also includes school directories and calendars before and after desegregation."],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Norfolk Public Schools (Norfolk, Va.)","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People"],"names_coll_ssim":["National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","Norfolk Public Schools (Norfolk, Va.)"],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Norfolk Public Schools (Norfolk, Va.)","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":425,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:26.509Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_187","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_187","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_187","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_187","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_5_resources_187.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archivesguides.lib.odu.edu/repositories/5/resources/187","title_filing_ssi":"Norfolk Public Schools Desegregation","title_ssm":["Norfolk Public Schools Desegregation Collection"],"title_tesim":["Norfolk Public Schools Desegregation Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1922-2008, undated","Date acquired: 12/14/2007"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1922-2008, undated"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 12/14/2007"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1922/2008"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Norfolk Public Schools Desegregation Collection, 1922/2008"],"text":["Norfolk Public Schools Desegregation Collection, 1922/2008","MG 92","/repositories/5/resources/187","Norfolk (Va.)--History--20th century","Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century","African Americans--Civil rights","School integration--Massive resistance movement","School integration--Virginia--Norfolk--History--20th century","Segregation in education--Virginia--Norfolk","Race relations--History--20th century","African Americans--Segregation","African Americans--Education--Virginia--Norfolk","Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka","Public schools--Virginia--Norfolk","School closings--Virginia--Norfolk","Busing for school integration--Virginia--Norfolk","Open to researchers without restrictions.","The collection is organized into five series: Series I: Closing of the Norfolk City Schools; Series II: The Path to a Unitary School District; Series III: Norfolk as a Unitary School District; Series IV: Directories and Calendars; and Series V: Oversized Documents.","Norfolk, Virginia has twice found itself at the center of attention related to the racial desegregation of its schools. The first was in the late 1950s during a state-wide, governor-led resistance to the integration mandated by the Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, KS ruling. Governor J. Lindsay Almond, Jr. closed the schools scheduled to be integrated for five months until the courts intervened. The second was in 1986 when Norfolk became the first school district in the country to have a federal judicial ruling allowing them to end busing for the purpose of achieving racial balance in schools.","On September 19, 1958, U.S. District Judge Walter Hoffman issued an order in continuation of Leola Pearl Beckett v. The School Board of the City of Norfolk which said that Norfolk must immediately begin to integrate its schools. On September 27, 1958, the Norfolk School Board placed 17 African American children into previously all white schools in compliance with the judge's order. Earlier in 1958, the Virginia legislature had granted permission to Governor J. Lindsay Almond, Jr. to close any white school that had \"negroes\" which tried to enroll. On September 27, the same day the children were to start at school, the Governor closed the six affected schools in Norfolk and took them under his control. In all, this impacted more than 10,000 white students and the 17 African American students (the Norfolk 17). In the months that followed, students found avenues to education through private schools, relocation, but mostly through highly organized tutoring groups. In February of 1959, the schools reopened with fewer students-by one estimate almost 2500 fewer.","From 2008 to September 2020, the collection was known as the Norfolk Public Schools Desegregation Papers.","The finding aid was completed by Jennifer Clayton in Apirl 2008.","This collection primarily contains material related to the integration of the Norfolk public schools. The papers include correspondence, court cases, school board resolutions, inter-district memorandum, press releases, reports, news clippings and district maps. Subjects covered are the 1958 school closing to prevent integration, integration progress in the 1960s, busing to achieve integration in the 1970s and the end of busing in the mid-1980s. Among the most important historical materials is correspondence between Governor Lindsay Almond and the School Administration, beginning with the letter ordering the closing of six Norfolk schools as mandated by the \"Massive Resistance\" law. While most of the collection deals with desegregation, it also includes school directories and calendars before and after desegregation. Parts of the collection have been scanned and are available in the Old Dominion University Libraries Digital Collections.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","This collection dating from 1922-2008, contains correspondence, memorandum, depositions, court orders, recollections, statistical testing data, printed material, artifacts, and maps.The bulk of the collection provides a glimpse into the decisions made by the School Board through court documentation and the public sentiment during the integration process in Norfolk. While most of the collection deals with desegregation, it also includes school directories and calendars before and after desegregation.","ODU Community Collections","Norfolk Public Schools (Norfolk, Va.)","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Norfolk Public Schools Desegregation Collection, 1922/2008"],"collection_ssim":["Norfolk Public Schools Desegregation Collection, 1922/2008"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MG 92","/repositories/5/resources/187"],"unitid_tesim":["MG 92","/repositories/5/resources/187"],"repository_ssm":["Old Dominion University"],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"geogname_ssm":["Norfolk (Va.)--History--20th century","Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Norfolk (Va.)--History--20th century","Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century"],"places_ssim":["Norfolk (Va.)--History--20th century","Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century"],"creator_ssm":["Norfolk Public Schools (Norfolk, Va.)"],"creator_ssim":["Norfolk Public Schools (Norfolk, Va.)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Norfolk Public Schools (Norfolk, Va.)","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People"],"creators_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Norfolk Public Schools (Norfolk, Va.)","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Norfolk, Virginia, Public Schools","Gift. Accession #A2007-006"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans--Civil rights","School integration--Massive resistance movement","School integration--Virginia--Norfolk--History--20th century","Segregation in education--Virginia--Norfolk","Race relations--History--20th century","African Americans--Segregation","African Americans--Education--Virginia--Norfolk","Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka","Public schools--Virginia--Norfolk","School closings--Virginia--Norfolk","Busing for school integration--Virginia--Norfolk"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans--Civil rights","School integration--Massive resistance movement","School integration--Virginia--Norfolk--History--20th century","Segregation in education--Virginia--Norfolk","Race relations--History--20th century","African Americans--Segregation","African Americans--Education--Virginia--Norfolk","Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka","Public schools--Virginia--Norfolk","School closings--Virginia--Norfolk","Busing for school integration--Virginia--Norfolk"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["18.40 Linear Feet","34 Hollinger document cases; 2 oversize boxes boxes"],"extent_tesim":["18.40 Linear Feet","34 Hollinger document cases; 2 oversize boxes boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOpen to researchers without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Open to researchers without restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into five series: Series I: Closing of the Norfolk City Schools; Series II: The Path to a Unitary School District; Series III: Norfolk as a Unitary School District; Series IV: Directories and Calendars; and Series V: Oversized Documents.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into five series: Series I: Closing of the Norfolk City Schools; Series II: The Path to a Unitary School District; Series III: Norfolk as a Unitary School District; Series IV: Directories and Calendars; and Series V: Oversized Documents."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNorfolk, Virginia has twice found itself at the center of attention related to the racial desegregation of its schools. The first was in the late 1950s during a state-wide, governor-led resistance to the integration mandated by the Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, KS ruling. Governor J. Lindsay Almond, Jr. closed the schools scheduled to be integrated for five months until the courts intervened. The second was in 1986 when Norfolk became the first school district in the country to have a federal judicial ruling allowing them to end busing for the purpose of achieving racial balance in schools.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn September 19, 1958, U.S. District Judge Walter Hoffman issued an order in continuation of Leola Pearl Beckett v. The School Board of the City of Norfolk which said that Norfolk must immediately begin to integrate its schools. On September 27, 1958, the Norfolk School Board placed 17 African American children into previously all white schools in compliance with the judge's order. Earlier in 1958, the Virginia legislature had granted permission to Governor J. Lindsay Almond, Jr. to close any white school that had \"negroes\" which tried to enroll. On September 27, the same day the children were to start at school, the Governor closed the six affected schools in Norfolk and took them under his control. In all, this impacted more than 10,000 white students and the 17 African American students (the Norfolk 17). In the months that followed, students found avenues to education through private schools, relocation, but mostly through highly organized tutoring groups. In February of 1959, the schools reopened with fewer students-by one estimate almost 2500 fewer.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Norfolk, Virginia has twice found itself at the center of attention related to the racial desegregation of its schools. The first was in the late 1950s during a state-wide, governor-led resistance to the integration mandated by the Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, KS ruling. Governor J. Lindsay Almond, Jr. closed the schools scheduled to be integrated for five months until the courts intervened. The second was in 1986 when Norfolk became the first school district in the country to have a federal judicial ruling allowing them to end busing for the purpose of achieving racial balance in schools.","On September 19, 1958, U.S. District Judge Walter Hoffman issued an order in continuation of Leola Pearl Beckett v. The School Board of the City of Norfolk which said that Norfolk must immediately begin to integrate its schools. On September 27, 1958, the Norfolk School Board placed 17 African American children into previously all white schools in compliance with the judge's order. Earlier in 1958, the Virginia legislature had granted permission to Governor J. Lindsay Almond, Jr. to close any white school that had \"negroes\" which tried to enroll. On September 27, the same day the children were to start at school, the Governor closed the six affected schools in Norfolk and took them under his control. In all, this impacted more than 10,000 white students and the 17 African American students (the Norfolk 17). In the months that followed, students found avenues to education through private schools, relocation, but mostly through highly organized tutoring groups. In February of 1959, the schools reopened with fewer students-by one estimate almost 2500 fewer."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrom 2008 to September 2020, the collection was known as the Norfolk Public Schools Desegregation Papers.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["From 2008 to September 2020, the collection was known as the Norfolk Public Schools Desegregation Papers."],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|80f31496-d0c0-40e8-9c9c-024a1e1a2903/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Related Digital Material"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["ODU Digital Collections"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Norfolk Public Schools Desegregation Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Norfolk Public Schools Desegregation Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe finding aid was completed by Jennifer Clayton in Apirl 2008.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The finding aid was completed by Jennifer Clayton in Apirl 2008."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection primarily contains material related to the integration of the Norfolk public schools. The papers include correspondence, court cases, school board resolutions, inter-district memorandum, press releases, reports, news clippings and district maps. Subjects covered are the 1958 school closing to prevent integration, integration progress in the 1960s, busing to achieve integration in the 1970s and the end of busing in the mid-1980s. Among the most important historical materials is correspondence between Governor Lindsay Almond and the School Administration, beginning with the letter ordering the closing of six Norfolk schools as mandated by the \"Massive Resistance\" law. While most of the collection deals with desegregation, it also includes school directories and calendars before and after desegregation. Parts of the collection have been scanned and are available in the \u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/SO_80f31496-d0c0-40e8-9c9c-024a1e1a2903/\"\u003eOld Dominion University Libraries Digital Collections.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection primarily contains material related to the integration of the Norfolk public schools. The papers include correspondence, court cases, school board resolutions, inter-district memorandum, press releases, reports, news clippings and district maps. Subjects covered are the 1958 school closing to prevent integration, integration progress in the 1960s, busing to achieve integration in the 1970s and the end of busing in the mid-1980s. Among the most important historical materials is correspondence between Governor Lindsay Almond and the School Administration, beginning with the letter ordering the closing of six Norfolk schools as mandated by the \"Massive Resistance\" law. While most of the collection deals with desegregation, it also includes school directories and calendars before and after desegregation. Parts of the collection have been scanned and are available in the Old Dominion University Libraries Digital Collections."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_cc312911e0755655711aff73f46b1cbc\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection dating from 1922-2008, contains correspondence, memorandum, depositions, court orders, recollections, statistical testing data, printed material, artifacts, and maps.The bulk of the collection provides a glimpse into the decisions made by the School Board through court documentation and the public sentiment during the integration process in Norfolk. While most of the collection deals with desegregation, it also includes school directories and calendars before and after desegregation.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection dating from 1922-2008, contains correspondence, memorandum, depositions, court orders, recollections, statistical testing data, printed material, artifacts, and maps.The bulk of the collection provides a glimpse into the decisions made by the School Board through court documentation and the public sentiment during the integration process in Norfolk. While most of the collection deals with desegregation, it also includes school directories and calendars before and after desegregation."],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Norfolk Public Schools (Norfolk, Va.)","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People"],"names_coll_ssim":["National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","Norfolk Public Schools (Norfolk, Va.)"],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Norfolk Public Schools (Norfolk, Va.)","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":425,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:26.509Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_187"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Old Dominion University","value":"Old Dominion University","hits":13},"links":{"remove":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1930\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Norfolk+%28Va.%29--Politics+and+government--20th+century\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Old+Dominion+University"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1930\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Norfolk+%28Va.%29--Politics+and+government--20th+century\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Old+Dominion+University"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Benjamin A. Banks Papers, 1855/1974","value":"Benjamin A. Banks Papers, 1855/1974","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Benjamin+A.+Banks+Papers%2C+1855%2F1974\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1930\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Norfolk+%28Va.%29--Politics+and+government--20th+century\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Old+Dominion+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Colonel James W. Roberts Papers, 1906/1964","value":"Colonel James W. Roberts Papers, 1906/1964","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Colonel+James+W.+Roberts+Papers%2C+1906%2F1964\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1930\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Norfolk+%28Va.%29--Politics+and+government--20th+century\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Old+Dominion+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Edith R. White Papers, 1923/2010","value":"Edith R. White Papers, 1923/2010","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Edith+R.+White+Papers%2C+1923%2F2010\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1930\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Norfolk+%28Va.%29--Politics+and+government--20th+century\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Old+Dominion+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"George Conoly Phillips Papers, 1909/2010","value":"George Conoly Phillips Papers, 1909/2010","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=George+Conoly+Phillips+Papers%2C+1909%2F2010\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1930\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Norfolk+%28Va.%29--Politics+and+government--20th+century\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Old+Dominion+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Hugh Lee Butler Papers, 1896/1953","value":"Hugh Lee Butler Papers, 1896/1953","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Hugh+Lee+Butler+Papers%2C+1896%2F1953\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1930\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Norfolk+%28Va.%29--Politics+and+government--20th+century\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Old+Dominion+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Joseph D. Wood Papers, 1917/1951","value":"Joseph D. Wood Papers, 1917/1951","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Joseph+D.+Wood+Papers%2C+1917%2F1951\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1930\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Norfolk+%28Va.%29--Politics+and+government--20th+century\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Old+Dominion+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Joseph T. Fitzpatrick Papers, 1895/2004","value":"Joseph T. Fitzpatrick Papers, 1895/2004","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Joseph+T.+Fitzpatrick+Papers%2C+1895%2F2004\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1930\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Norfolk+%28Va.%29--Politics+and+government--20th+century\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Old+Dominion+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Mason C. Andrews Papers, 1777/2010, bulk 1950/1990","value":"Mason C. 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