{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1928\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Old+Dominion+University\u0026page=62","prev":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1928\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Old+Dominion+University\u0026page=61","next":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1928\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Old+Dominion+University\u0026page=63","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1928\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Old+Dominion+University\u0026page=64"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":62,"next_page":63,"prev_page":61,"total_pages":64,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":610,"total_count":636,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_260_c04_c04","type":"Sub-Series","attributes":{"title":"Sub-Serires D: Family, 1912/2002","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_260_c04_c04#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains information related to Lawrence Cox's family. Includes material on Lawrence Cox's first and second wife, his son, grandson, father, mother, and other family members. This sub-series also includes information on the Cox family in America and Cox Gap. Material is arranged alphabetically. Material dates from 1912 to 2002.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_260_c04_c04#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_260_c04_c04","ref_ssm":["vino_repositories_5_resources_260_c04_c04"],"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_260_c04_c04","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_260","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_260","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_260_c04","parent_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_260_c04","parent_ssim":["Lawrence M. Cox, Sr. Papers, 1902/2002","Series IV: Personal, 1902/2002"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vino_repositories_5_resources_260","vino_repositories_5_resources_260_c04"],"title_filing_ssi":"Sub-Serires D: Family","title_ssm":["Sub-Serires D: Family"],"title_tesim":["Sub-Serires D: Family"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Sub-Serires D: Family, 1912/2002"],"text":["Sub-Serires D: Family, 1912/2002","Lawrence M. Cox, Sr. Papers, 1902/2002","Series IV: Personal, 1902/2002","This sub-series contains information related to Lawrence Cox's family. Includes material on Lawrence Cox's first and second wife, his son, grandson, father, mother, and other family members. This sub-series also includes information on the Cox family in America and Cox Gap. Material is arranged alphabetically. Material dates from 1912 to 2002."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Lawrence M. Cox, Sr. Papers, 1902/2002","Series IV: Personal, 1902/2002"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Lawrence M. 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Includes material on Lawrence Cox's first and second wife, his son, grandson, father, mother, and other family members. This sub-series also includes information on the Cox family in America and Cox Gap. Material is arranged alphabetically. Material dates from 1912 to 2002.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This sub-series contains information related to Lawrence Cox's family. Includes material on Lawrence Cox's first and second wife, his son, grandson, father, mother, and other family members. This sub-series also includes information on the Cox family in America and Cox Gap. Material is arranged alphabetically. Material dates from 1912 to 2002."],"_nest_path_":"/components#3/components#3","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:33.091Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_260","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_260","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_260","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_260","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_5_resources_260.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archivesguides.lib.odu.edu/repositories/5/resources/260","title_filing_ssi":"Cox, Lawrence Morgan, Sr.","title_ssm":["Lawrence M. Cox, Sr. Papers"],"title_tesim":["Lawrence M. Cox, Sr. Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1902-2002, undated","Date acquired: 09/23/1977"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1902-2002, undated"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 09/23/1977"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1902/2002"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Lawrence M. Cox, Sr. Papers, 1902/2002"],"text":["Lawrence M. Cox, Sr. Papers, 1902/2002","MG 38","/repositories/5/resources/260","Hampton Roads (Va.)--History--20th century","Norfolk (Va.)--History--20th century","Housing--Virginia--Norfolk","Housing--United States","Open to researchers without restrictions.","Additional accession donated by Cox in May 1998 and further accesssions by Marvin W. Lee, Sr. in October 2003 and April, 2009.","The collection is organized into eight series: Series I: Norfolk Redevelopment and Housing Authority; Series II: Housing and Urban Development; Series III: Consulting; Series IV: Personal; Series V: Photographs; Series VI: Maps and Blueprints; Series VII: Artifacts; and Series VII: Multimedia.","Lawrence Morgan Cox, Sr. was born March 12, 1912, in Norfolk, Virginia and he was raised in the Larchmont area of Norfolk. He was the second son of William Roland Cox, Sr. and Maude Belote Cox. He had one brother, William Roland Cox, Jr., and two sisters, Grace and Mary.  In 1942, he married Anne Irving Flippen. They had a son, Lawrence Morgan Cox, Jr. Cox and Flipper divorced in 1950.  In 1951, Cox married Ethel Mae Breeden. Cox had one stepdaughter, Mrs. Diane Fecher of Hilton Head Island, South Carolina.","Cox attended Maury High School in Norfolk from 1927 to 1931. However, Cox enlisted in the United States Navy in June 1929 just before graduating Maury High School in anticipation of attending the Naval Academy. Unfortunately, Cox did not meet the Naval Academy's physical requirements. Until his honorable discharge in December 1930, Cox served in the U.S. Navy as an aviator. After returning to graduate from Maury High School in 1931, and with the assistance of his father, Cox obtained a job loading cement with the Lone Star Cement Company in Washington, D.C.","In 1934, Cox joined the Public Works Administration Housing Division of the U.S. Government as a messenger and statistician. He was promoted in 1937 to Special Assistant to Jacob Crane, Assistant Administrator of the U.S. Housing Authority, and he served in that position until 1940. During his time in Washington, Cox took undergraduate courses in Public Administration and Business Administration at George Washington University.","Cox became Assistant Executive Director of the newly formed Norfolk Housing Authority now known as the Norfolk Redevelopment and Housing Authority in 1940. There was regional resistance to the establishment of the Authority but it was overcome by the support of the U.S. Navy who were short of housing, and by the creation of Merrimac Park set aside for U.S. Navy enlisted men and their families. Cox was named Executive Director of the Norfolk Housing Authority on April 1, 1941.","In 1942, Cox became a Bomb Reconnaissance Agent with the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense. Cox was instrumental in the formation of the Virginia Association of Housing Authorities, and served as its president from 1942-43.  When Cox was selected to head the National Association of Housing and Redevelopment Officials NAHRO in 1948, he became the youngest man in NAHRO history to hold that position. While leading the NAHRO, Cox helped formulate the policies incorporated in the Housing Act of 1949, a landmark document that called for \"a decent home and suitable environment for every American family.\"","During 1949, Cox spent a great deal of time overseas involved in urban planning and rebuilding. He was a member of the American Delegation to the Economic Commission for Europe's International Conference on Building Documentation held in Geneva, Switzerland. He traveled in six European countries on a special study assignment for the State Department and the Housing and Home Finance Agency which dealt with housing and the rebuilding of cities. He also served as a special consultant to the U.S. High Commissioner for Germany and reviewed planning and rebuilding in five German cities. In 1956 and 1957, Cox served the State Department as part of the International Cooperation Administration's study on housing programs in Peru and as a special consultant to Peru's Presidential Commission on Housing and Land Reform. For his service to the nation of Peru, he was designated Knight Commander of the Order of Merit of Peru by President Prado. Cox participated in the International Seminar on Urban Renewal at The Hague, Netherlands in 1958. He also attended the 24th International Congress of Town Planning at Liege, Belgium that same year.","Even while Cox was serving his country internationally, he did not neglect the needs of Norfolk. Cox was the first city official to publicly support a medical school for Norfolk in a 1959 speech to the Norfolk Yacht Club. He reiterated his goal of a medical school for Norfolk during his 1961 speech commemorating the opening of the Medical Tower building, the first of four buildings in the Norfolk Medical Complex. Throughout the 1960's, Cox helped build community support for a medical college in Norfolk, VA. His efforts eventually led to the creation of the Eastern Virginia Medical School EVMS in 1973.","During the 1960s, Mr. Cox lectured extensively at graduate seminars and meetings, both at home and abroad. He addressed the Graduate School of Public and International Affairs at the University of Pittsburgh in 1961. In 1962, he spent a month lecturing at the Graduate School of Ekistics, Athens Technical Institute in Athens, Greece. Also in 1962, Cox lectured at the International School of Social Studies at The Hague, Netherlands. Cox was also a guest speaker at the American Bar Association's 88th Annual Meeting in Miami, Florida 1965, the University of Cincinnati's Graduate School of Architecture 1967, and the University of Virginia's Graduate School of Planning 1968.","Cox continued his role as Executive Director of the Norfolk Redevelopment and Housing Authority NRHA until his appointment as Assistant Secretary for Renewal and Housing Assistance of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development in 1969.  He was appointed by President Richard Nixon, and only served in this position until 1970. During this time, he continued as a consultant to urban development, planning, and housing bodies at the federal, state, and local levels. Cox resigned as Assistant Secretary for Renewal and Housing Assistance in July 1970, amid rumors of misused funds. The allegations were investigated, but Cox was never charged with any wrongdoing.  Cox steadfastly denied that his resignation had anything to do with the rumors.  He cited business concerns for his failing land development corporation in Nansemond County as his reason for leaving.","More legal troubles ensued in 1973 when Cox was brought before a Grand Jury for keeping interests in private enterprises while working for public interests during his time with NRHA. Between 1964 and 1985, Cox was an owner of two successful real estate development firms, one of these being Suffolk's Cedar Point, a residential and golf community. However, the Grand Jury found no criminal misconduct by Cox, but did scold Cox for a breach of ethics.","In 1973, Lawrence Cox was appointed Counselor to the U.S. Conference of Mayors for policy and legislative matters; and from 1976 to 1982, he served on the Board of Commissioners of the Virginia Housing Development Authority. Cox also remained actively involved in real estate development from 1964 until the late 1980s.","In 1990, the Medical College of Hampton Roads and Eastern Virginia Medical School awarded Cox the degree of Doctor of Human Letters, honoris causa. In the early 1990's, he and his wife moved to the Hilton Head Island Retirement Community. After his retirement, Cox had the opportunity to pursue leisure activities. Cox was an avid golfer and a fisherman.  He was interested in history and involved in the Sons of the American Revolution and the Children of the Confederacy. Cox died on November 7, 2002 on Hilton Head Island, South Carolina.","Note written by Special Collections Staff","The collection was further processed by Mona Farrow from January-March 2017.","Mason C. Andrews Papers (MG 62), Paul Caplan Papers (MG 78)","This collection deals primarily with the career of Lawrence M. Cox, Sr. at the Norfolk Redevelopment and Housing Authority; the Department of Housing and Urban Development; (HUD); and as a private real estate counselor.","These papers document his activities in Washington, D.C. in the early 1930's; in Norfolk from 1940 until 1969; with HUD in 1969 and 1970; and from his home in Suffolk, Norfolk, and Hilton Head Island, in later years. Additionally, this collection contains personal information on his family, retirement, and hobbies.","Materials in the archives consist of proposed and enacted legislation at the national and state level; press releases; mailing lists; newsletters; magazines; reports; pamphlets; books; correspondence; newspaper clippings; awards; achievements; resumes; photos; speeches, and various other materials.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","Served as the Executive Director of the Norfolk Redevelopment and Housing Authority (NRHA) from 1941-1969 and, thereafter, as Assistant Secretary for Renewal and Housing Assistance in the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) during Nixon's administration. Collection chiefly consists of the records accumulated during his service with the NRHA and HUD.","ODU Community Collections","Norfolk Redevelopment and Housing Authority","Eastern Virginia Medical School","United States. Dept. of Housing and Urban Development","Cox, Lawrence Morgan, Sr. (1912-2002)","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Lawrence M. Cox, Sr. Papers, 1902/2002"],"collection_ssim":["Lawrence M. 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Accession #A77-71"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Housing--Virginia--Norfolk","Housing--United States"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Housing--Virginia--Norfolk","Housing--United States"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["119.40 Linear Feet","216 Hollinger document cases, 15 oversize boxes, 1 poster tube boxes"],"extent_tesim":["119.40 Linear Feet","216 Hollinger document cases, 15 oversize boxes, 1 poster tube boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOpen to researchers without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Open to researchers without restrictions."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional accession donated by Cox in May 1998 and further accesssions by Marvin W. Lee, Sr. in October 2003 and April, 2009.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals and Additions"],"accruals_tesim":["Additional accession donated by Cox in May 1998 and further accesssions by Marvin W. Lee, Sr. in October 2003 and April, 2009."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into eight series: Series I: Norfolk Redevelopment and Housing Authority; Series II: Housing and Urban Development; Series III: Consulting; Series IV: Personal; Series V: Photographs; Series VI: Maps and Blueprints; Series VII: Artifacts; and Series VII: Multimedia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into eight series: Series I: Norfolk Redevelopment and Housing Authority; Series II: Housing and Urban Development; Series III: Consulting; Series IV: Personal; Series V: Photographs; Series VI: Maps and Blueprints; Series VII: Artifacts; and Series VII: Multimedia."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLawrence Morgan Cox, Sr. was born March 12, 1912, in Norfolk, Virginia and he was raised in the Larchmont area of Norfolk. He was the second son of William Roland Cox, Sr. and Maude Belote Cox. He had one brother, William Roland Cox, Jr., and two sisters, Grace and Mary.  In 1942, he married Anne Irving Flippen. They had a son, Lawrence Morgan Cox, Jr. Cox and Flipper divorced in 1950.  In 1951, Cox married Ethel Mae Breeden. Cox had one stepdaughter, Mrs. Diane Fecher of Hilton Head Island, South Carolina.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCox attended Maury High School in Norfolk from 1927 to 1931. However, Cox enlisted in the United States Navy in June 1929 just before graduating Maury High School in anticipation of attending the Naval Academy. Unfortunately, Cox did not meet the Naval Academy's physical requirements. Until his honorable discharge in December 1930, Cox served in the U.S. Navy as an aviator. After returning to graduate from Maury High School in 1931, and with the assistance of his father, Cox obtained a job loading cement with the Lone Star Cement Company in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1934, Cox joined the Public Works Administration Housing Division of the U.S. Government as a messenger and statistician. He was promoted in 1937 to Special Assistant to Jacob Crane, Assistant Administrator of the U.S. Housing Authority, and he served in that position until 1940. During his time in Washington, Cox took undergraduate courses in Public Administration and Business Administration at George Washington University.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCox became Assistant Executive Director of the newly formed Norfolk Housing Authority now known as the Norfolk Redevelopment and Housing Authority in 1940. There was regional resistance to the establishment of the Authority but it was overcome by the support of the U.S. Navy who were short of housing, and by the creation of Merrimac Park set aside for U.S. Navy enlisted men and their families. Cox was named Executive Director of the Norfolk Housing Authority on April 1, 1941.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1942, Cox became a Bomb Reconnaissance Agent with the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense. Cox was instrumental in the formation of the Virginia Association of Housing Authorities, and served as its president from 1942-43.  When Cox was selected to head the National Association of Housing and Redevelopment Officials NAHRO in 1948, he became the youngest man in NAHRO history to hold that position. While leading the NAHRO, Cox helped formulate the policies incorporated in the Housing Act of 1949, a landmark document that called for \"a decent home and suitable environment for every American family.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring 1949, Cox spent a great deal of time overseas involved in urban planning and rebuilding. He was a member of the American Delegation to the Economic Commission for Europe's International Conference on Building Documentation held in Geneva, Switzerland. He traveled in six European countries on a special study assignment for the State Department and the Housing and Home Finance Agency which dealt with housing and the rebuilding of cities. He also served as a special consultant to the U.S. High Commissioner for Germany and reviewed planning and rebuilding in five German cities. In 1956 and 1957, Cox served the State Department as part of the International Cooperation Administration's study on housing programs in Peru and as a special consultant to Peru's Presidential Commission on Housing and Land Reform. For his service to the nation of Peru, he was designated Knight Commander of the Order of Merit of Peru by President Prado. Cox participated in the International Seminar on Urban Renewal at The Hague, Netherlands in 1958. He also attended the 24th International Congress of Town Planning at Liege, Belgium that same year.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEven while Cox was serving his country internationally, he did not neglect the needs of Norfolk. Cox was the first city official to publicly support a medical school for Norfolk in a 1959 speech to the Norfolk Yacht Club. He reiterated his goal of a medical school for Norfolk during his 1961 speech commemorating the opening of the Medical Tower building, the first of four buildings in the Norfolk Medical Complex. Throughout the 1960's, Cox helped build community support for a medical college in Norfolk, VA. His efforts eventually led to the creation of the Eastern Virginia Medical School EVMS in 1973.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the 1960s, Mr. Cox lectured extensively at graduate seminars and meetings, both at home and abroad. He addressed the Graduate School of Public and International Affairs at the University of Pittsburgh in 1961. In 1962, he spent a month lecturing at the Graduate School of Ekistics, Athens Technical Institute in Athens, Greece. Also in 1962, Cox lectured at the International School of Social Studies at The Hague, Netherlands. Cox was also a guest speaker at the American Bar Association's 88th Annual Meeting in Miami, Florida 1965, the University of Cincinnati's Graduate School of Architecture 1967, and the University of Virginia's Graduate School of Planning 1968.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCox continued his role as Executive Director of the Norfolk Redevelopment and Housing Authority NRHA until his appointment as Assistant Secretary for Renewal and Housing Assistance of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development in 1969.  He was appointed by President Richard Nixon, and only served in this position until 1970. During this time, he continued as a consultant to urban development, planning, and housing bodies at the federal, state, and local levels. Cox resigned as Assistant Secretary for Renewal and Housing Assistance in July 1970, amid rumors of misused funds. The allegations were investigated, but Cox was never charged with any wrongdoing.  Cox steadfastly denied that his resignation had anything to do with the rumors.  He cited business concerns for his failing land development corporation in Nansemond County as his reason for leaving.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMore legal troubles ensued in 1973 when Cox was brought before a Grand Jury for keeping interests in private enterprises while working for public interests during his time with NRHA. Between 1964 and 1985, Cox was an owner of two successful real estate development firms, one of these being Suffolk's Cedar Point, a residential and golf community. However, the Grand Jury found no criminal misconduct by Cox, but did scold Cox for a breach of ethics.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1973, Lawrence Cox was appointed Counselor to the U.S. Conference of Mayors for policy and legislative matters; and from 1976 to 1982, he served on the Board of Commissioners of the Virginia Housing Development Authority. Cox also remained actively involved in real estate development from 1964 until the late 1980s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1990, the Medical College of Hampton Roads and Eastern Virginia Medical School awarded Cox the degree of Doctor of Human Letters, honoris causa. In the early 1990's, he and his wife moved to the Hilton Head Island Retirement Community. After his retirement, Cox had the opportunity to pursue leisure activities. Cox was an avid golfer and a fisherman.  He was interested in history and involved in the Sons of the American Revolution and the Children of the Confederacy. Cox died on November 7, 2002 on Hilton Head Island, South Carolina.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote written by Special Collections Staff\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Lawrence Morgan Cox, Sr. was born March 12, 1912, in Norfolk, Virginia and he was raised in the Larchmont area of Norfolk. He was the second son of William Roland Cox, Sr. and Maude Belote Cox. He had one brother, William Roland Cox, Jr., and two sisters, Grace and Mary.  In 1942, he married Anne Irving Flippen. They had a son, Lawrence Morgan Cox, Jr. Cox and Flipper divorced in 1950.  In 1951, Cox married Ethel Mae Breeden. Cox had one stepdaughter, Mrs. Diane Fecher of Hilton Head Island, South Carolina.","Cox attended Maury High School in Norfolk from 1927 to 1931. However, Cox enlisted in the United States Navy in June 1929 just before graduating Maury High School in anticipation of attending the Naval Academy. Unfortunately, Cox did not meet the Naval Academy's physical requirements. Until his honorable discharge in December 1930, Cox served in the U.S. Navy as an aviator. After returning to graduate from Maury High School in 1931, and with the assistance of his father, Cox obtained a job loading cement with the Lone Star Cement Company in Washington, D.C.","In 1934, Cox joined the Public Works Administration Housing Division of the U.S. Government as a messenger and statistician. He was promoted in 1937 to Special Assistant to Jacob Crane, Assistant Administrator of the U.S. Housing Authority, and he served in that position until 1940. During his time in Washington, Cox took undergraduate courses in Public Administration and Business Administration at George Washington University.","Cox became Assistant Executive Director of the newly formed Norfolk Housing Authority now known as the Norfolk Redevelopment and Housing Authority in 1940. There was regional resistance to the establishment of the Authority but it was overcome by the support of the U.S. Navy who were short of housing, and by the creation of Merrimac Park set aside for U.S. Navy enlisted men and their families. Cox was named Executive Director of the Norfolk Housing Authority on April 1, 1941.","In 1942, Cox became a Bomb Reconnaissance Agent with the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense. Cox was instrumental in the formation of the Virginia Association of Housing Authorities, and served as its president from 1942-43.  When Cox was selected to head the National Association of Housing and Redevelopment Officials NAHRO in 1948, he became the youngest man in NAHRO history to hold that position. While leading the NAHRO, Cox helped formulate the policies incorporated in the Housing Act of 1949, a landmark document that called for \"a decent home and suitable environment for every American family.\"","During 1949, Cox spent a great deal of time overseas involved in urban planning and rebuilding. He was a member of the American Delegation to the Economic Commission for Europe's International Conference on Building Documentation held in Geneva, Switzerland. He traveled in six European countries on a special study assignment for the State Department and the Housing and Home Finance Agency which dealt with housing and the rebuilding of cities. He also served as a special consultant to the U.S. High Commissioner for Germany and reviewed planning and rebuilding in five German cities. In 1956 and 1957, Cox served the State Department as part of the International Cooperation Administration's study on housing programs in Peru and as a special consultant to Peru's Presidential Commission on Housing and Land Reform. For his service to the nation of Peru, he was designated Knight Commander of the Order of Merit of Peru by President Prado. Cox participated in the International Seminar on Urban Renewal at The Hague, Netherlands in 1958. He also attended the 24th International Congress of Town Planning at Liege, Belgium that same year.","Even while Cox was serving his country internationally, he did not neglect the needs of Norfolk. Cox was the first city official to publicly support a medical school for Norfolk in a 1959 speech to the Norfolk Yacht Club. He reiterated his goal of a medical school for Norfolk during his 1961 speech commemorating the opening of the Medical Tower building, the first of four buildings in the Norfolk Medical Complex. Throughout the 1960's, Cox helped build community support for a medical college in Norfolk, VA. His efforts eventually led to the creation of the Eastern Virginia Medical School EVMS in 1973.","During the 1960s, Mr. Cox lectured extensively at graduate seminars and meetings, both at home and abroad. He addressed the Graduate School of Public and International Affairs at the University of Pittsburgh in 1961. In 1962, he spent a month lecturing at the Graduate School of Ekistics, Athens Technical Institute in Athens, Greece. Also in 1962, Cox lectured at the International School of Social Studies at The Hague, Netherlands. Cox was also a guest speaker at the American Bar Association's 88th Annual Meeting in Miami, Florida 1965, the University of Cincinnati's Graduate School of Architecture 1967, and the University of Virginia's Graduate School of Planning 1968.","Cox continued his role as Executive Director of the Norfolk Redevelopment and Housing Authority NRHA until his appointment as Assistant Secretary for Renewal and Housing Assistance of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development in 1969.  He was appointed by President Richard Nixon, and only served in this position until 1970. During this time, he continued as a consultant to urban development, planning, and housing bodies at the federal, state, and local levels. Cox resigned as Assistant Secretary for Renewal and Housing Assistance in July 1970, amid rumors of misused funds. The allegations were investigated, but Cox was never charged with any wrongdoing.  Cox steadfastly denied that his resignation had anything to do with the rumors.  He cited business concerns for his failing land development corporation in Nansemond County as his reason for leaving.","More legal troubles ensued in 1973 when Cox was brought before a Grand Jury for keeping interests in private enterprises while working for public interests during his time with NRHA. Between 1964 and 1985, Cox was an owner of two successful real estate development firms, one of these being Suffolk's Cedar Point, a residential and golf community. However, the Grand Jury found no criminal misconduct by Cox, but did scold Cox for a breach of ethics.","In 1973, Lawrence Cox was appointed Counselor to the U.S. Conference of Mayors for policy and legislative matters; and from 1976 to 1982, he served on the Board of Commissioners of the Virginia Housing Development Authority. Cox also remained actively involved in real estate development from 1964 until the late 1980s.","In 1990, the Medical College of Hampton Roads and Eastern Virginia Medical School awarded Cox the degree of Doctor of Human Letters, honoris causa. In the early 1990's, he and his wife moved to the Hilton Head Island Retirement Community. After his retirement, Cox had the opportunity to pursue leisure activities. Cox was an avid golfer and a fisherman.  He was interested in history and involved in the Sons of the American Revolution and the Children of the Confederacy. Cox died on November 7, 2002 on Hilton Head Island, South Carolina.","Note written by Special Collections Staff"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Lawrence M. Cox, Sr. Papers., Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Lawrence M. Cox, Sr. Papers., Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection was further processed by Mona Farrow from January-March 2017.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The collection was further processed by Mona Farrow from January-March 2017."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMason C. Andrews Papers (MG 62), Paul Caplan Papers (MG 78)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Mason C. Andrews Papers (MG 62), Paul Caplan Papers (MG 78)"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection deals primarily with the career of Lawrence M. Cox, Sr. at the Norfolk Redevelopment and Housing Authority; the Department of Housing and Urban Development; (HUD); and as a private real estate counselor.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese papers document his activities in Washington, D.C. in the early 1930's; in Norfolk from 1940 until 1969; with HUD in 1969 and 1970; and from his home in Suffolk, Norfolk, and Hilton Head Island, in later years. Additionally, this collection contains personal information on his family, retirement, and hobbies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials in the archives consist of proposed and enacted legislation at the national and state level; press releases; mailing lists; newsletters; magazines; reports; pamphlets; books; correspondence; newspaper clippings; awards; achievements; resumes; photos; speeches, and various other materials.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection deals primarily with the career of Lawrence M. Cox, Sr. at the Norfolk Redevelopment and Housing Authority; the Department of Housing and Urban Development; (HUD); and as a private real estate counselor.","These papers document his activities in Washington, D.C. in the early 1930's; in Norfolk from 1940 until 1969; with HUD in 1969 and 1970; and from his home in Suffolk, Norfolk, and Hilton Head Island, in later years. Additionally, this collection contains personal information on his family, retirement, and hobbies.","Materials in the archives consist of proposed and enacted legislation at the national and state level; press releases; mailing lists; newsletters; magazines; reports; pamphlets; books; correspondence; newspaper clippings; awards; achievements; resumes; photos; speeches, and various other materials."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_90aede5b87e629e179a2d019030ee11a\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eServed as the Executive Director of the Norfolk Redevelopment and Housing Authority (NRHA) from 1941-1969 and, thereafter, as Assistant Secretary for Renewal and Housing Assistance in the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) during Nixon's administration. Collection chiefly consists of the records accumulated during his service with the NRHA and HUD.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Served as the Executive Director of the Norfolk Redevelopment and Housing Authority (NRHA) from 1941-1969 and, thereafter, as Assistant Secretary for Renewal and Housing Assistance in the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) during Nixon's administration. Collection chiefly consists of the records accumulated during his service with the NRHA and HUD."],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Norfolk Redevelopment and Housing Authority","Eastern Virginia Medical School","United States. Dept. of Housing and Urban Development"],"names_coll_ssim":["Norfolk Redevelopment and Housing Authority","Eastern Virginia Medical School","United States. Dept. of Housing and Urban Development","Cox, Lawrence Morgan, Sr. (1912-2002)"],"persname_ssim":["Cox, Lawrence Morgan, Sr. (1912-2002)"],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Norfolk Redevelopment and Housing Authority","Eastern Virginia Medical School","United States. Dept. of Housing and Urban Development","Cox, Lawrence Morgan, Sr. (1912-2002)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2881,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:33.091Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_260_c04_c04"}},{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_36_c12_c04_c01_c02","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"The Baltimore Sun, 1889/1930","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_36_c12_c04_c01_c02#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eIssues: April 30, 1889; May 1, 1891; January 9, 1891; July 20, 1891; July 21, 1891; July 22, 1891; December 7, 1892; May 11, 1894; January 17,1895; February 9, 1930; April 6, 1930\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_36_c12_c04_c01_c02#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_36_c12_c04_c01_c02","ref_ssm":["vino_repositories_5_resources_36_c12_c04_c01_c02"],"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_36_c12_c04_c01_c02","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_36","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_36","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_36_c12_c04_c01","parent_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_36_c12_c04_c01","parent_ssim":["James Washington Singleton Papers, 1770/1975, bulk 1850/1920","Series XII: Oversize Newspapers, 1817/1932","Sub-Series D: Baltimore, Maryland, 1822/1930","Oversize Box 37"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vino_repositories_5_resources_36","vino_repositories_5_resources_36_c12","vino_repositories_5_resources_36_c12_c04","vino_repositories_5_resources_36_c12_c04_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"The Baltimore Sun","title_ssm":["The Baltimore Sun"],"title_tesim":["The Baltimore Sun"],"normalized_title_ssm":["The Baltimore Sun, 1889/1930"],"text":["The Baltimore Sun, 1889/1930","James Washington Singleton Papers, 1770/1975, bulk 1850/1920","Series XII: Oversize Newspapers, 1817/1932","Sub-Series D: Baltimore, Maryland, 1822/1930","Oversize Box 37","Oversize Box 37","Issues: April 30, 1889; May 1, 1891; January 9, 1891; July 20, 1891; July 21, 1891; July 22, 1891; December 7, 1892; May 11, 1894; January 17,1895; February 9, 1930; April 6, 1930"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["James Washington Singleton Papers, 1770/1975, bulk 1850/1920","Series XII: Oversize Newspapers, 1817/1932","Sub-Series D: Baltimore, Maryland, 1822/1930","Oversize Box 37"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["James Washington Singleton Papers, 1770/1975, bulk 1850/1920","Series XII: Oversize Newspapers, 1817/1932","Sub-Series D: Baltimore, Maryland, 1822/1930","Oversize Box 37"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1889/1930"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1889-1930"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[4],"sort_isi":735,"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"collection_ssim":["James Washington Singleton Papers, 1770/1975, bulk 1850/1920"],"containers_ssim":["Oversize Box 37"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open to researchers without restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"date_range_isim":[1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Baltimore Sun, 1889-1930, Oversize Box 37, James Washington Singleton Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_heading_ssm":["Preferred Citation"],"prefercite_tesim":["The Baltimore Sun, 1889-1930, Oversize Box 37, James Washington Singleton Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIssues: April 30, 1889; May 1, 1891; January 9, 1891; July 20, 1891; July 21, 1891; July 22, 1891; December 7, 1892; May 11, 1894; January 17,1895; February 9, 1930; April 6, 1930\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Issues: April 30, 1889; May 1, 1891; January 9, 1891; July 20, 1891; July 21, 1891; July 22, 1891; December 7, 1892; May 11, 1894; January 17,1895; February 9, 1930; April 6, 1930"],"_nest_path_":"/components#11/components#3/components#0/components#1","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:36.932Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_36","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_36","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_36","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_36","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_5_resources_36.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archivesguides.lib.odu.edu/repositories/5/resources/36","title_filing_ssi":"Singleton, James Washington","title_ssm":["James Washington Singleton Papers"],"title_tesim":["James Washington Singleton Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1770-1975, undated","1850-1920","Date acquired: 01/14/1977"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1770-1975, undated"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1850-1920"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 01/14/1977"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1770/1975, bulk 1850/1920"],"normalized_title_ssm":["James Washington Singleton Papers, 1770/1975, bulk 1850/1920"],"text":["James Washington Singleton Papers, 1770/1975, bulk 1850/1920","MG 10","/repositories/5/resources/36","United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865","Copperhead movement","Politicians--Illinois","The collection is open to researchers without restrictions.","The collection is organized into eleven series: Series I: Correspondence; Series II: Legal and Government Documents; Series III: Financial and Bookkeeping RecordsSeries IV: Business Papers; Series V: Miscellaneous Material; Series VI: Speeches; Series VII: Miscellany; Series VIII: Memorabilia; Series IX: Newspaper clippings; Series X: Publications; and Series XI: Photographs.","James Washington Singleton was born on November 23, 1811 at \"Paxton\" in Frederick County, Virginia, the estate of his father, General James Singleton. After attending the academy in Winchester, Virginia, Singleton moved to Kentucky in 1828. He married Mathilde Caves who died in 1832. Singleton pursued the study and practice of medicine in Kentucky. Later he married Ann Craig of Lexington, Kentucky. About 1834 he settled at Mount Sterling, Illinois. He commenced the study of law in Mount Sterling and was admitted to the Illinois bar in 1841. During these years the Singletons had a son, James Washington, Jr. but he died in infancy. Ann Craig Singleton also died about 1840.","James Washington Singleton began to distinguish himself in public service during the 1840's. In the \"war\" against the Mormons he was in command of a military company and he was later commissioned a brigadier-general of militia by Governor Ford of Illinois for his services in the Mormon War. He married Parthenia McDonald on April 9, 1844. He had two children by his third wife: Louise(Lily) born in 1857 and James J. Singleton born in 1860. In 1847 he was elected to represent his county in a constitutional convention. He served in the Illinois legislature representing Schuyler(Brown) County from 1850 to 1854.\nThe Singletons moved to Quincy where James Washington practiced law and became active in politics. He served in the state legislature from 1860 to 1862. He also represented Quincy in the state Constitutional convention of 1861.","During the Civil War Singleton may be most accurately characterized as a Peace Democrat who maintained close ties with President Lincoln. He had met Lincoln while he was in legal practice in Illinois in the 1840's. Their friendship lasted until Lincoln's death although they held different positions on the principal political issues of the time. Singleton apparently held informal \"negotiations\" with several people in Richmond including President Jefferson Davis and General Robert E. Lee. Lincoln did not give official sanction to these talks but was ready to recognize them if satisfactory Confederate proposals should emerge from the negotiations. Singleton died at home on April 4, 1892.","The collection consists of family papers spanning the lifetime of five generations of Singleton descendants. The collection includes papers of James Singleton, the father of James W. Singleton; James W. Singleton; Lily Singleton Thomas Osburn, the daughter of James W. Singleton; the Thomas children, the grandchildren of James W. Singleton; and Judith Ball Wysong Cofer, the great-granddaughter of James W. Singleton. The bulk of the collection concerns the lives of James Singleton, James W. Singleton and Lily Singleton Thomas Osburn.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","Prominent Peace Democrat from Illinois during the Civil War. Served in the United States House of Representatives (1879-1883). Contains family papers spanning five generations, dating from 1770 to 1975. Includes correspondence, business papers, military papers, newspaper clippings, and photographs.","ODU Community Collections","United States. Congress. House","Singleton family","Singleton, James Washington (1811-1892)","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["James Washington Singleton Papers, 1770/1975, bulk 1850/1920"],"collection_ssim":["James Washington Singleton Papers, 1770/1975, bulk 1850/1920"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MG 10","/repositories/5/resources/36"],"unitid_tesim":["MG 10","/repositories/5/resources/36"],"repository_ssm":["Old Dominion University"],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"geogname_ssm":["United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865"],"geogname_ssim":["United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865"],"places_ssim":["United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865"],"creator_ssm":["Singleton, James Washington (1811-1892)"],"creator_ssim":["Singleton, James Washington (1811-1892)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Singleton, James Washington (1811-1892)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","United States. Congress. House"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Singleton family"],"creators_ssim":["Singleton, James Washington (1811-1892)","ODU Community Collections","United States. Congress. House","Singleton family"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Mrs. Judith Ball Wysong Cofer","Gift. Accession #A77-5"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Copperhead movement","Politicians--Illinois"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Copperhead movement","Politicians--Illinois"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["20.80 Linear Feet","35 Hollinger document cases; 1 clamshell box, 2 oversized boxes boxes"],"extent_tesim":["20.80 Linear Feet","35 Hollinger document cases; 1 clamshell box, 2 oversized boxes boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1977],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to researchers without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to researchers without restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into eleven series: Series I: Correspondence; Series II: Legal and Government Documents; Series III: Financial and Bookkeeping RecordsSeries IV: Business Papers; Series V: Miscellaneous Material; Series VI: Speeches; Series VII: Miscellany; Series VIII: Memorabilia; Series IX: Newspaper clippings; Series X: Publications; and Series XI: Photographs.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into eleven series: Series I: Correspondence; Series II: Legal and Government Documents; Series III: Financial and Bookkeeping RecordsSeries IV: Business Papers; Series V: Miscellaneous Material; Series VI: Speeches; Series VII: Miscellany; Series VIII: Memorabilia; Series IX: Newspaper clippings; Series X: Publications; and Series XI: Photographs."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames Washington Singleton was born on November 23, 1811 at \"Paxton\" in Frederick County, Virginia, the estate of his father, General James Singleton. After attending the academy in Winchester, Virginia, Singleton moved to Kentucky in 1828. He married Mathilde Caves who died in 1832. Singleton pursued the study and practice of medicine in Kentucky. Later he married Ann Craig of Lexington, Kentucky. About 1834 he settled at Mount Sterling, Illinois. He commenced the study of law in Mount Sterling and was admitted to the Illinois bar in 1841. During these years the Singletons had a son, James Washington, Jr. but he died in infancy. Ann Craig Singleton also died about 1840.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJames Washington Singleton began to distinguish himself in public service during the 1840's. In the \"war\" against the Mormons he was in command of a military company and he was later commissioned a brigadier-general of militia by Governor Ford of Illinois for his services in the Mormon War. He married Parthenia McDonald on April 9, 1844. He had two children by his third wife: Louise(Lily) born in 1857 and James J. Singleton born in 1860. In 1847 he was elected to represent his county in a constitutional convention. He served in the Illinois legislature representing Schuyler(Brown) County from 1850 to 1854.\nThe Singletons moved to Quincy where James Washington practiced law and became active in politics. He served in the state legislature from 1860 to 1862. He also represented Quincy in the state Constitutional convention of 1861. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the Civil War Singleton may be most accurately characterized as a Peace Democrat who maintained close ties with President Lincoln. He had met Lincoln while he was in legal practice in Illinois in the 1840's. Their friendship lasted until Lincoln's death although they held different positions on the principal political issues of the time. Singleton apparently held informal \"negotiations\" with several people in Richmond including President Jefferson Davis and General Robert E. Lee. Lincoln did not give official sanction to these talks but was ready to recognize them if satisfactory Confederate proposals should emerge from the negotiations. Singleton died at home on April 4, 1892.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["James Washington Singleton was born on November 23, 1811 at \"Paxton\" in Frederick County, Virginia, the estate of his father, General James Singleton. After attending the academy in Winchester, Virginia, Singleton moved to Kentucky in 1828. He married Mathilde Caves who died in 1832. Singleton pursued the study and practice of medicine in Kentucky. Later he married Ann Craig of Lexington, Kentucky. About 1834 he settled at Mount Sterling, Illinois. He commenced the study of law in Mount Sterling and was admitted to the Illinois bar in 1841. During these years the Singletons had a son, James Washington, Jr. but he died in infancy. Ann Craig Singleton also died about 1840.","James Washington Singleton began to distinguish himself in public service during the 1840's. In the \"war\" against the Mormons he was in command of a military company and he was later commissioned a brigadier-general of militia by Governor Ford of Illinois for his services in the Mormon War. He married Parthenia McDonald on April 9, 1844. He had two children by his third wife: Louise(Lily) born in 1857 and James J. Singleton born in 1860. In 1847 he was elected to represent his county in a constitutional convention. He served in the Illinois legislature representing Schuyler(Brown) County from 1850 to 1854.\nThe Singletons moved to Quincy where James Washington practiced law and became active in politics. He served in the state legislature from 1860 to 1862. He also represented Quincy in the state Constitutional convention of 1861.","During the Civil War Singleton may be most accurately characterized as a Peace Democrat who maintained close ties with President Lincoln. He had met Lincoln while he was in legal practice in Illinois in the 1840's. Their friendship lasted until Lincoln's death although they held different positions on the principal political issues of the time. Singleton apparently held informal \"negotiations\" with several people in Richmond including President Jefferson Davis and General Robert E. Lee. Lincoln did not give official sanction to these talks but was ready to recognize them if satisfactory Confederate proposals should emerge from the negotiations. Singleton died at home on April 4, 1892."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], James Washington Singleton Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], James Washington Singleton Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of family papers spanning the lifetime of five generations of Singleton descendants. The collection includes papers of James Singleton, the father of James W. Singleton; James W. Singleton; Lily Singleton Thomas Osburn, the daughter of James W. Singleton; the Thomas children, the grandchildren of James W. Singleton; and Judith Ball Wysong Cofer, the great-granddaughter of James W. Singleton. The bulk of the collection concerns the lives of James Singleton, James W. Singleton and Lily Singleton Thomas Osburn.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of family papers spanning the lifetime of five generations of Singleton descendants. The collection includes papers of James Singleton, the father of James W. Singleton; James W. Singleton; Lily Singleton Thomas Osburn, the daughter of James W. Singleton; the Thomas children, the grandchildren of James W. Singleton; and Judith Ball Wysong Cofer, the great-granddaughter of James W. Singleton. The bulk of the collection concerns the lives of James Singleton, James W. Singleton and Lily Singleton Thomas Osburn."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_534992c8bb5d8b40d5715817c20d8f07\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eProminent Peace Democrat from Illinois during the Civil War. Served in the United States House of Representatives (1879-1883). Contains family papers spanning five generations, dating from 1770 to 1975. Includes correspondence, business papers, military papers, newspaper clippings, and photographs.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Prominent Peace Democrat from Illinois during the Civil War. Served in the United States House of Representatives (1879-1883). Contains family papers spanning five generations, dating from 1770 to 1975. Includes correspondence, business papers, military papers, newspaper clippings, and photographs."],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","United States. Congress. House"],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. Congress. House","Singleton family","Singleton, James Washington (1811-1892)"],"famname_ssim":["Singleton family"],"persname_ssim":["Singleton, James Washington (1811-1892)"],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","United States. Congress. House","Singleton family","Singleton, James Washington (1811-1892)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":764,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:36.932Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_36_c12_c04_c01_c02"}},{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_186","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"The Independent Collection, 1680/1960","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_186#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Ward, William Hayes (1835-1916)","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_186#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Primarily comprised of correspondence of William Hayes Ward, editor of \u003cem\u003eThe Independent, \u003c/em\u003ea New York Congregationalist weekly, with notable literary and historical figures including General John Charles Frémont, American explorer and expedition leader; P. T. Barnum, showman; and Asa Gray, the preeminent American botanist of the 19th century. Other items in the collection include American literature and theater papers; colonial historical manuscripts and documents; and correspondence with the library of Norfolk division of the College of William and Mary (the predecessor of Old Dominion University).","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_186#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_186","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_186","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_186","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_186","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_5_resources_186.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archivesguides.lib.odu.edu/repositories/5/resources/186","title_filing_ssi":"Independent Collection","title_ssm":["The Independent Collection"],"title_tesim":["The Independent Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1680-1960","Date acquired: 02/18/2005"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1680-1960"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 02/18/2005"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1680/1960"],"normalized_title_ssm":["The Independent Collection, 1680/1960"],"text":["The Independent Collection, 1680/1960","MG 83","/repositories/5/resources/186","American newspapers","Congregationalists--United States","Open to researchers without restrictions.","The collection has been organized into five series: Series I: Editorial Correspondence of The Independent; Series II: Literary Authors and Papers on American Theater; Series III: Historical Manuscripts and Documents; Series IV: Miscellaneous Literary and Political Correspondence; and Series V: William and Mary Norfolk Campus Library Correspondence.","The Independent was a New York weekly newspaper founded in 1848 by Henry Chandler Bowen. The Congregationalist journal, which was published until 1921, included social topics, primarily opposition to slavery and religious articles, but after the Civil War included literary submissions. Editors included, among others, Henry Ward Beecher, Theodore Tilton, Kinsley Twining, Hamilton Holt, William Hayes Ward, and his sister, Susan Hayes Ward.\nWilliam Hayes Ward (1835-1916) was born in Abingdon, Massachusetts, on June 25, 1835. He graduated with distinction from Amherst College in 1856 and from Andover Theological seminary in 1859. He married Ellen Maria Dickinson in 1859. Dr. Ward served as a professor of Latin at Ripon College in Wisconsin and was a prominent orientalist and biblical scholar in his later years. In 1868 he left Ripon College to join the editorial staff of The Independent. In 1884, he led an expedition to Babylonia to examine archeological sites, and became president of the American Oriental Society, a position held twice, from 1890-1894 and 1909-1910. He specialized in studying designs of Babylonian and Assyrian seal cylinders, which were used in ancient record-keeping.\nShowing a lifelong concern for social issues in the newspaper and in private life, William Hayes Ward upheld African-American rights and opened the first conference held by the NAACP in 1909 in New York City. He was editor-in-chief of The Independent from 1896-1913 and is known for supporting poet Sidney Lanier, whose work was frequently published in the paper, and about whom Dr. Ward wrote a biographical memoir.\nHorace Howard Furness, Sr., 1833-1912, was an important American Shakespeare scholar. He was known for his editing of Shakespeare's plays, which contained numerous editions of plays as well as criticism. His son, Horace Howard Furness, Jr., 1865-1930, was a partner and successor of his father's work and edited his letters. Samuel Chew was a renowned literary critic in the early twentieth century.","Note written by Elizabeth Vincelette","The collection was processed by By Elizabeth Vincelette.","Old Dominion University Libraries Digital Collections.","This collection does not include physical copies of the Independent newspaper. Several volumes of the newspaper have been digitized by the Hathi Trust.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","Primarily comprised of correspondence of William Hayes Ward, editor of The Independent, a New York Congregationalist weekly, with notable literary and historical figures including General John Charles Frémont, American explorer and expedition leader; P. T. Barnum, showman; and Asa Gray, the preeminent American botanist of the 19th century. Other items in the collection include American literature and theater papers; colonial historical manuscripts and documents; and correspondence with the library of Norfolk division of the College of William and Mary (the predecessor of Old Dominion University).","ODU Community Collections","College of William and Mary. Norfolk Division","Ward, William Hayes (1835-1916)","Bowen, Henry Chandler (1813-1896)","Furness, Horace Howard  (1833-1912)","Furness, Horace Howard (1865-1930)","Barnum, P. T. (Phineas Taylor) (1810-1891)","Frémont, John Charles (1813-1890)","Gray, Asa (1810-1888)","Chew, Samuel","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["The Independent Collection, 1680/1960"],"collection_ssim":["The Independent Collection, 1680/1960"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MG 83","/repositories/5/resources/186"],"unitid_tesim":["MG 83","/repositories/5/resources/186"],"repository_ssm":["Old Dominion University"],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"creator_ssm":["Ward, William Hayes (1835-1916)"],"creator_ssim":["Ward, William Hayes (1835-1916)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Ward, William Hayes (1835-1916)","Bowen, Henry Chandler (1813-1896)","Furness, Horace Howard  (1833-1912)","Furness, Horace Howard (1865-1930)","Barnum, P. T. (Phineas Taylor) (1810-1891)","Frémont, John Charles (1813-1890)","Gray, Asa (1810-1888)","Chew, Samuel"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","College of William and Mary. Norfolk Division"],"creators_ssim":["Ward, William Hayes (1835-1916)","Bowen, Henry Chandler (1813-1896)","Furness, Horace Howard  (1833-1912)","Furness, Horace Howard (1865-1930)","Barnum, P. T. (Phineas Taylor) (1810-1891)","Frémont, John Charles (1813-1890)","Gray, Asa (1810-1888)","Chew, Samuel","ODU Community Collections","College of William and Mary. Norfolk Division"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Unknown provenance","Gift. Accession #A2005-1","Some of the papers were discovered in the 1980s among a collection of rare books owned by the Old Dominion University library which had been purchased from a New York City bookstore."],"access_subjects_ssim":["American newspapers","Congregationalists--United States"],"access_subjects_ssm":["American newspapers","Congregationalists--United States"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.40 Linear Feet","1 Hollinger Document Case boxes"],"extent_tesim":["0.40 Linear Feet","1 Hollinger Document Case boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1680,1681,1682,1683,1684,1685,1686,1687,1688,1689,1690,1691,1692,1693,1694,1695,1696,1697,1698,1699,1700,1701,1702,1703,1704,1705,1706,1707,1708,1709,1710,1711,1712,1713,1714,1715,1716,1717,1718,1719,1720,1721,1722,1723,1724,1725,1726,1727,1728,1729,1730,1731,1732,1733,1734,1735,1736,1737,1738,1739,1740,1741,1742,1743,1744,1745,1746,1747,1748,1749,1750,1751,1752,1753,1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,2005],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOpen to researchers without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Open to researchers without restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection has been organized into five series: Series I: Editorial Correspondence of The Independent; Series II: Literary Authors and Papers on American Theater; Series III: Historical Manuscripts and Documents; Series IV: Miscellaneous Literary and Political Correspondence; and Series V: William and Mary Norfolk Campus Library Correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection has been organized into five series: Series I: Editorial Correspondence of The Independent; Series II: Literary Authors and Papers on American Theater; Series III: Historical Manuscripts and Documents; Series IV: Miscellaneous Literary and Political Correspondence; and Series V: William and Mary Norfolk Campus Library Correspondence."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Independent was a New York weekly newspaper founded in 1848 by Henry Chandler Bowen. The Congregationalist journal, which was published until 1921, included social topics, primarily opposition to slavery and religious articles, but after the Civil War included literary submissions. Editors included, among others, Henry Ward Beecher, Theodore Tilton, Kinsley Twining, Hamilton Holt, William Hayes Ward, and his sister, Susan Hayes Ward.\nWilliam Hayes Ward (1835-1916) was born in Abingdon, Massachusetts, on June 25, 1835. He graduated with distinction from Amherst College in 1856 and from Andover Theological seminary in 1859. He married Ellen Maria Dickinson in 1859. Dr. Ward served as a professor of Latin at Ripon College in Wisconsin and was a prominent orientalist and biblical scholar in his later years. In 1868 he left Ripon College to join the editorial staff of The Independent. In 1884, he led an expedition to Babylonia to examine archeological sites, and became president of the American Oriental Society, a position held twice, from 1890-1894 and 1909-1910. He specialized in studying designs of Babylonian and Assyrian seal cylinders, which were used in ancient record-keeping.\nShowing a lifelong concern for social issues in the newspaper and in private life, William Hayes Ward upheld African-American rights and opened the first conference held by the NAACP in 1909 in New York City. He was editor-in-chief of The Independent from 1896-1913 and is known for supporting poet Sidney Lanier, whose work was frequently published in the paper, and about whom Dr. Ward wrote a biographical memoir.\nHorace Howard Furness, Sr., 1833-1912, was an important American Shakespeare scholar. He was known for his editing of Shakespeare's plays, which contained numerous editions of plays as well as criticism. His son, Horace Howard Furness, Jr., 1865-1930, was a partner and successor of his father's work and edited his letters. Samuel Chew was a renowned literary critic in the early twentieth century.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote written by Elizabeth Vincelette\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Independent was a New York weekly newspaper founded in 1848 by Henry Chandler Bowen. The Congregationalist journal, which was published until 1921, included social topics, primarily opposition to slavery and religious articles, but after the Civil War included literary submissions. Editors included, among others, Henry Ward Beecher, Theodore Tilton, Kinsley Twining, Hamilton Holt, William Hayes Ward, and his sister, Susan Hayes Ward.\nWilliam Hayes Ward (1835-1916) was born in Abingdon, Massachusetts, on June 25, 1835. He graduated with distinction from Amherst College in 1856 and from Andover Theological seminary in 1859. He married Ellen Maria Dickinson in 1859. Dr. Ward served as a professor of Latin at Ripon College in Wisconsin and was a prominent orientalist and biblical scholar in his later years. In 1868 he left Ripon College to join the editorial staff of The Independent. In 1884, he led an expedition to Babylonia to examine archeological sites, and became president of the American Oriental Society, a position held twice, from 1890-1894 and 1909-1910. He specialized in studying designs of Babylonian and Assyrian seal cylinders, which were used in ancient record-keeping.\nShowing a lifelong concern for social issues in the newspaper and in private life, William Hayes Ward upheld African-American rights and opened the first conference held by the NAACP in 1909 in New York City. He was editor-in-chief of The Independent from 1896-1913 and is known for supporting poet Sidney Lanier, whose work was frequently published in the paper, and about whom Dr. Ward wrote a biographical memoir.\nHorace Howard Furness, Sr., 1833-1912, was an important American Shakespeare scholar. He was known for his editing of Shakespeare's plays, which contained numerous editions of plays as well as criticism. His son, Horace Howard Furness, Jr., 1865-1930, was a partner and successor of his father's work and edited his letters. Samuel Chew was a renowned literary critic in the early twentieth century.","Note written by Elizabeth Vincelette"],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|e5cd0c34-fda3-4f7b-b6b6-67ae59c645fb/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Related Digital Material"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["ODU Digital Collections"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], The Independent Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], The Independent Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection was processed by By Elizabeth Vincelette.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The collection was processed by By Elizabeth Vincelette."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/SO_e5cd0c34-fda3-4f7b-b6b6-67ae59c645fb/\"\u003eOld Dominion University Libraries Digital Collections.\u003c/a\u003e\n\n\n","\u003cp\u003eThis collection does not include physical copies of the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eIndependent \u003c/emph\u003enewspaper. Several volumes of the newspaper have been digitized by the \u003cextref href=\"http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Search/Home?type%5B%5D=title%5B%5D=%22Harper%27s%20weekly%22=1=\"\u003eHathi Trust\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Old Dominion University Libraries Digital Collections.","This collection does not include physical copies of the Independent newspaper. Several volumes of the newspaper have been digitized by the Hathi Trust."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_c1f5dbf0f1fcb685a35e9797113a0f0e\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003ePrimarily comprised of correspondence of William Hayes Ward, editor of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Independent, \u003c/emph\u003ea New York Congregationalist weekly, with notable literary and historical figures including General John Charles Frémont, American explorer and expedition leader; P. T. Barnum, showman; and Asa Gray, the preeminent American botanist of the 19th century. Other items in the collection include American literature and theater papers; colonial historical manuscripts and documents; and correspondence with the library of Norfolk division of the College of William and Mary (the predecessor of Old Dominion University).\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Primarily comprised of correspondence of William Hayes Ward, editor of The Independent, a New York Congregationalist weekly, with notable literary and historical figures including General John Charles Frémont, American explorer and expedition leader; P. T. Barnum, showman; and Asa Gray, the preeminent American botanist of the 19th century. Other items in the collection include American literature and theater papers; colonial historical manuscripts and documents; and correspondence with the library of Norfolk division of the College of William and Mary (the predecessor of Old Dominion University)."],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","College of William and Mary. Norfolk Division"],"names_coll_ssim":["College of William and Mary. Norfolk Division","Bowen, Henry Chandler (1813-1896)","Furness, Horace Howard  (1833-1912)","Furness, Horace Howard (1865-1930)","Barnum, P. T. (Phineas Taylor) (1810-1891)","Frémont, John Charles (1813-1890)","Gray, Asa (1810-1888)","Chew, Samuel"],"persname_ssim":["Ward, William Hayes (1835-1916)","Bowen, Henry Chandler (1813-1896)","Furness, Horace Howard  (1833-1912)","Furness, Horace Howard (1865-1930)","Barnum, P. T. (Phineas Taylor) (1810-1891)","Frémont, John Charles (1813-1890)","Gray, Asa (1810-1888)","Chew, Samuel"],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","College of William and Mary. Norfolk Division","Ward, William Hayes (1835-1916)","Bowen, Henry Chandler (1813-1896)","Furness, Horace Howard  (1833-1912)","Furness, Horace Howard (1865-1930)","Barnum, P. T. (Phineas Taylor) (1810-1891)","Frémont, John Charles (1813-1890)","Gray, Asa (1810-1888)","Chew, Samuel"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":222,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:26.509Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_186","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_186","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_186","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_186","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_5_resources_186.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archivesguides.lib.odu.edu/repositories/5/resources/186","title_filing_ssi":"Independent Collection","title_ssm":["The Independent Collection"],"title_tesim":["The Independent Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1680-1960","Date acquired: 02/18/2005"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1680-1960"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 02/18/2005"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1680/1960"],"normalized_title_ssm":["The Independent Collection, 1680/1960"],"text":["The Independent Collection, 1680/1960","MG 83","/repositories/5/resources/186","American newspapers","Congregationalists--United States","Open to researchers without restrictions.","The collection has been organized into five series: Series I: Editorial Correspondence of The Independent; Series II: Literary Authors and Papers on American Theater; Series III: Historical Manuscripts and Documents; Series IV: Miscellaneous Literary and Political Correspondence; and Series V: William and Mary Norfolk Campus Library Correspondence.","The Independent was a New York weekly newspaper founded in 1848 by Henry Chandler Bowen. The Congregationalist journal, which was published until 1921, included social topics, primarily opposition to slavery and religious articles, but after the Civil War included literary submissions. Editors included, among others, Henry Ward Beecher, Theodore Tilton, Kinsley Twining, Hamilton Holt, William Hayes Ward, and his sister, Susan Hayes Ward.\nWilliam Hayes Ward (1835-1916) was born in Abingdon, Massachusetts, on June 25, 1835. He graduated with distinction from Amherst College in 1856 and from Andover Theological seminary in 1859. He married Ellen Maria Dickinson in 1859. Dr. Ward served as a professor of Latin at Ripon College in Wisconsin and was a prominent orientalist and biblical scholar in his later years. In 1868 he left Ripon College to join the editorial staff of The Independent. In 1884, he led an expedition to Babylonia to examine archeological sites, and became president of the American Oriental Society, a position held twice, from 1890-1894 and 1909-1910. He specialized in studying designs of Babylonian and Assyrian seal cylinders, which were used in ancient record-keeping.\nShowing a lifelong concern for social issues in the newspaper and in private life, William Hayes Ward upheld African-American rights and opened the first conference held by the NAACP in 1909 in New York City. He was editor-in-chief of The Independent from 1896-1913 and is known for supporting poet Sidney Lanier, whose work was frequently published in the paper, and about whom Dr. Ward wrote a biographical memoir.\nHorace Howard Furness, Sr., 1833-1912, was an important American Shakespeare scholar. He was known for his editing of Shakespeare's plays, which contained numerous editions of plays as well as criticism. His son, Horace Howard Furness, Jr., 1865-1930, was a partner and successor of his father's work and edited his letters. Samuel Chew was a renowned literary critic in the early twentieth century.","Note written by Elizabeth Vincelette","The collection was processed by By Elizabeth Vincelette.","Old Dominion University Libraries Digital Collections.","This collection does not include physical copies of the Independent newspaper. Several volumes of the newspaper have been digitized by the Hathi Trust.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","Primarily comprised of correspondence of William Hayes Ward, editor of The Independent, a New York Congregationalist weekly, with notable literary and historical figures including General John Charles Frémont, American explorer and expedition leader; P. T. Barnum, showman; and Asa Gray, the preeminent American botanist of the 19th century. Other items in the collection include American literature and theater papers; colonial historical manuscripts and documents; and correspondence with the library of Norfolk division of the College of William and Mary (the predecessor of Old Dominion University).","ODU Community Collections","College of William and Mary. Norfolk Division","Ward, William Hayes (1835-1916)","Bowen, Henry Chandler (1813-1896)","Furness, Horace Howard  (1833-1912)","Furness, Horace Howard (1865-1930)","Barnum, P. T. (Phineas Taylor) (1810-1891)","Frémont, John Charles (1813-1890)","Gray, Asa (1810-1888)","Chew, Samuel","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["The Independent Collection, 1680/1960"],"collection_ssim":["The Independent Collection, 1680/1960"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MG 83","/repositories/5/resources/186"],"unitid_tesim":["MG 83","/repositories/5/resources/186"],"repository_ssm":["Old Dominion University"],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"creator_ssm":["Ward, William Hayes (1835-1916)"],"creator_ssim":["Ward, William Hayes (1835-1916)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Ward, William Hayes (1835-1916)","Bowen, Henry Chandler (1813-1896)","Furness, Horace Howard  (1833-1912)","Furness, Horace Howard (1865-1930)","Barnum, P. T. (Phineas Taylor) (1810-1891)","Frémont, John Charles (1813-1890)","Gray, Asa (1810-1888)","Chew, Samuel"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","College of William and Mary. Norfolk Division"],"creators_ssim":["Ward, William Hayes (1835-1916)","Bowen, Henry Chandler (1813-1896)","Furness, Horace Howard  (1833-1912)","Furness, Horace Howard (1865-1930)","Barnum, P. T. (Phineas Taylor) (1810-1891)","Frémont, John Charles (1813-1890)","Gray, Asa (1810-1888)","Chew, Samuel","ODU Community Collections","College of William and Mary. Norfolk Division"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Unknown provenance","Gift. Accession #A2005-1","Some of the papers were discovered in the 1980s among a collection of rare books owned by the Old Dominion University library which had been purchased from a New York City bookstore."],"access_subjects_ssim":["American newspapers","Congregationalists--United States"],"access_subjects_ssm":["American newspapers","Congregationalists--United States"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.40 Linear Feet","1 Hollinger Document Case boxes"],"extent_tesim":["0.40 Linear Feet","1 Hollinger Document Case boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1680,1681,1682,1683,1684,1685,1686,1687,1688,1689,1690,1691,1692,1693,1694,1695,1696,1697,1698,1699,1700,1701,1702,1703,1704,1705,1706,1707,1708,1709,1710,1711,1712,1713,1714,1715,1716,1717,1718,1719,1720,1721,1722,1723,1724,1725,1726,1727,1728,1729,1730,1731,1732,1733,1734,1735,1736,1737,1738,1739,1740,1741,1742,1743,1744,1745,1746,1747,1748,1749,1750,1751,1752,1753,1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,2005],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOpen to researchers without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Open to researchers without restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection has been organized into five series: Series I: Editorial Correspondence of The Independent; Series II: Literary Authors and Papers on American Theater; Series III: Historical Manuscripts and Documents; Series IV: Miscellaneous Literary and Political Correspondence; and Series V: William and Mary Norfolk Campus Library Correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection has been organized into five series: Series I: Editorial Correspondence of The Independent; Series II: Literary Authors and Papers on American Theater; Series III: Historical Manuscripts and Documents; Series IV: Miscellaneous Literary and Political Correspondence; and Series V: William and Mary Norfolk Campus Library Correspondence."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Independent was a New York weekly newspaper founded in 1848 by Henry Chandler Bowen. The Congregationalist journal, which was published until 1921, included social topics, primarily opposition to slavery and religious articles, but after the Civil War included literary submissions. Editors included, among others, Henry Ward Beecher, Theodore Tilton, Kinsley Twining, Hamilton Holt, William Hayes Ward, and his sister, Susan Hayes Ward.\nWilliam Hayes Ward (1835-1916) was born in Abingdon, Massachusetts, on June 25, 1835. He graduated with distinction from Amherst College in 1856 and from Andover Theological seminary in 1859. He married Ellen Maria Dickinson in 1859. Dr. Ward served as a professor of Latin at Ripon College in Wisconsin and was a prominent orientalist and biblical scholar in his later years. In 1868 he left Ripon College to join the editorial staff of The Independent. In 1884, he led an expedition to Babylonia to examine archeological sites, and became president of the American Oriental Society, a position held twice, from 1890-1894 and 1909-1910. He specialized in studying designs of Babylonian and Assyrian seal cylinders, which were used in ancient record-keeping.\nShowing a lifelong concern for social issues in the newspaper and in private life, William Hayes Ward upheld African-American rights and opened the first conference held by the NAACP in 1909 in New York City. He was editor-in-chief of The Independent from 1896-1913 and is known for supporting poet Sidney Lanier, whose work was frequently published in the paper, and about whom Dr. Ward wrote a biographical memoir.\nHorace Howard Furness, Sr., 1833-1912, was an important American Shakespeare scholar. He was known for his editing of Shakespeare's plays, which contained numerous editions of plays as well as criticism. His son, Horace Howard Furness, Jr., 1865-1930, was a partner and successor of his father's work and edited his letters. Samuel Chew was a renowned literary critic in the early twentieth century.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote written by Elizabeth Vincelette\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Independent was a New York weekly newspaper founded in 1848 by Henry Chandler Bowen. The Congregationalist journal, which was published until 1921, included social topics, primarily opposition to slavery and religious articles, but after the Civil War included literary submissions. Editors included, among others, Henry Ward Beecher, Theodore Tilton, Kinsley Twining, Hamilton Holt, William Hayes Ward, and his sister, Susan Hayes Ward.\nWilliam Hayes Ward (1835-1916) was born in Abingdon, Massachusetts, on June 25, 1835. He graduated with distinction from Amherst College in 1856 and from Andover Theological seminary in 1859. He married Ellen Maria Dickinson in 1859. Dr. Ward served as a professor of Latin at Ripon College in Wisconsin and was a prominent orientalist and biblical scholar in his later years. In 1868 he left Ripon College to join the editorial staff of The Independent. In 1884, he led an expedition to Babylonia to examine archeological sites, and became president of the American Oriental Society, a position held twice, from 1890-1894 and 1909-1910. He specialized in studying designs of Babylonian and Assyrian seal cylinders, which were used in ancient record-keeping.\nShowing a lifelong concern for social issues in the newspaper and in private life, William Hayes Ward upheld African-American rights and opened the first conference held by the NAACP in 1909 in New York City. He was editor-in-chief of The Independent from 1896-1913 and is known for supporting poet Sidney Lanier, whose work was frequently published in the paper, and about whom Dr. Ward wrote a biographical memoir.\nHorace Howard Furness, Sr., 1833-1912, was an important American Shakespeare scholar. He was known for his editing of Shakespeare's plays, which contained numerous editions of plays as well as criticism. His son, Horace Howard Furness, Jr., 1865-1930, was a partner and successor of his father's work and edited his letters. Samuel Chew was a renowned literary critic in the early twentieth century.","Note written by Elizabeth Vincelette"],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|e5cd0c34-fda3-4f7b-b6b6-67ae59c645fb/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Related Digital Material"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["ODU Digital Collections"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], The Independent Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], The Independent Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection was processed by By Elizabeth Vincelette.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The collection was processed by By Elizabeth Vincelette."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/SO_e5cd0c34-fda3-4f7b-b6b6-67ae59c645fb/\"\u003eOld Dominion University Libraries Digital Collections.\u003c/a\u003e\n\n\n","\u003cp\u003eThis collection does not include physical copies of the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eIndependent \u003c/emph\u003enewspaper. Several volumes of the newspaper have been digitized by the \u003cextref href=\"http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Search/Home?type%5B%5D=title%5B%5D=%22Harper%27s%20weekly%22=1=\"\u003eHathi Trust\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Old Dominion University Libraries Digital Collections.","This collection does not include physical copies of the Independent newspaper. Several volumes of the newspaper have been digitized by the Hathi Trust."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_c1f5dbf0f1fcb685a35e9797113a0f0e\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003ePrimarily comprised of correspondence of William Hayes Ward, editor of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Independent, \u003c/emph\u003ea New York Congregationalist weekly, with notable literary and historical figures including General John Charles Frémont, American explorer and expedition leader; P. T. Barnum, showman; and Asa Gray, the preeminent American botanist of the 19th century. Other items in the collection include American literature and theater papers; colonial historical manuscripts and documents; and correspondence with the library of Norfolk division of the College of William and Mary (the predecessor of Old Dominion University).\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Primarily comprised of correspondence of William Hayes Ward, editor of The Independent, a New York Congregationalist weekly, with notable literary and historical figures including General John Charles Frémont, American explorer and expedition leader; P. T. Barnum, showman; and Asa Gray, the preeminent American botanist of the 19th century. Other items in the collection include American literature and theater papers; colonial historical manuscripts and documents; and correspondence with the library of Norfolk division of the College of William and Mary (the predecessor of Old Dominion University)."],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","College of William and Mary. Norfolk Division"],"names_coll_ssim":["College of William and Mary. Norfolk Division","Bowen, Henry Chandler (1813-1896)","Furness, Horace Howard  (1833-1912)","Furness, Horace Howard (1865-1930)","Barnum, P. T. (Phineas Taylor) (1810-1891)","Frémont, John Charles (1813-1890)","Gray, Asa (1810-1888)","Chew, Samuel"],"persname_ssim":["Ward, William Hayes (1835-1916)","Bowen, Henry Chandler (1813-1896)","Furness, Horace Howard  (1833-1912)","Furness, Horace Howard (1865-1930)","Barnum, P. T. (Phineas Taylor) (1810-1891)","Frémont, John Charles (1813-1890)","Gray, Asa (1810-1888)","Chew, Samuel"],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","College of William and Mary. Norfolk Division","Ward, William Hayes (1835-1916)","Bowen, Henry Chandler (1813-1896)","Furness, Horace Howard  (1833-1912)","Furness, Horace Howard (1865-1930)","Barnum, P. T. (Phineas Taylor) (1810-1891)","Frémont, John Charles (1813-1890)","Gray, Asa (1810-1888)","Chew, Samuel"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":222,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:26.509Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_186"}},{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_36_c12_c01_c01_c02","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"The Washington Post, 1928/1936","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_36_c12_c01_c01_c02#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_36_c12_c01_c01_c02","ref_ssm":["vino_repositories_5_resources_36_c12_c01_c01_c02"],"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_36_c12_c01_c01_c02","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_36","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_36","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_36_c12_c01_c01","parent_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_36_c12_c01_c01","parent_ssim":["James Washington Singleton Papers, 1770/1975, bulk 1850/1920","Series XII: Oversize Newspapers, 1817/1932","Sub-Series A: District of Columbia, 1827/1928","Oversize Box 37"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vino_repositories_5_resources_36","vino_repositories_5_resources_36_c12","vino_repositories_5_resources_36_c12_c01","vino_repositories_5_resources_36_c12_c01_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"The Washington Post","title_ssm":["The Washington Post"],"title_tesim":["The Washington Post"],"normalized_title_ssm":["The Washington Post, 1928/1936"],"text":["The Washington Post, 1928/1936","James Washington Singleton Papers, 1770/1975, bulk 1850/1920","Series XII: Oversize Newspapers, 1817/1932","Sub-Series A: District of Columbia, 1827/1928","Oversize Box 37","Oversize Box 37"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["James Washington Singleton Papers, 1770/1975, bulk 1850/1920","Series XII: Oversize Newspapers, 1817/1932","Sub-Series A: District of Columbia, 1827/1928","Oversize Box 37"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["James Washington Singleton Papers, 1770/1975, bulk 1850/1920","Series XII: Oversize Newspapers, 1817/1932","Sub-Series A: District of Columbia, 1827/1928","Oversize Box 37"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1928/1936"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1928 October 10, 1936 January 21, 1936 December 13"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[4],"sort_isi":720,"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"collection_ssim":["James Washington Singleton Papers, 1770/1975, bulk 1850/1920"],"containers_ssim":["Oversize Box 37"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open to researchers without restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"date_range_isim":[1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Washington Post, 1928 October 10, 1936 January 21, 1936 December 13, Oversize Box 37, James Washington Singleton Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_heading_ssm":["Preferred Citation"],"prefercite_tesim":["The Washington Post, 1928 October 10, 1936 January 21, 1936 December 13, Oversize Box 37, James Washington Singleton Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"_nest_path_":"/components#11/components#0/components#0/components#1","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:36.932Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_36","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_36","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_36","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_36","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_5_resources_36.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archivesguides.lib.odu.edu/repositories/5/resources/36","title_filing_ssi":"Singleton, James Washington","title_ssm":["James Washington Singleton Papers"],"title_tesim":["James Washington Singleton Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1770-1975, undated","1850-1920","Date acquired: 01/14/1977"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1770-1975, undated"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1850-1920"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 01/14/1977"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1770/1975, bulk 1850/1920"],"normalized_title_ssm":["James Washington Singleton Papers, 1770/1975, bulk 1850/1920"],"text":["James Washington Singleton Papers, 1770/1975, bulk 1850/1920","MG 10","/repositories/5/resources/36","United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865","Copperhead movement","Politicians--Illinois","The collection is open to researchers without restrictions.","The collection is organized into eleven series: Series I: Correspondence; Series II: Legal and Government Documents; Series III: Financial and Bookkeeping RecordsSeries IV: Business Papers; Series V: Miscellaneous Material; Series VI: Speeches; Series VII: Miscellany; Series VIII: Memorabilia; Series IX: Newspaper clippings; Series X: Publications; and Series XI: Photographs.","James Washington Singleton was born on November 23, 1811 at \"Paxton\" in Frederick County, Virginia, the estate of his father, General James Singleton. After attending the academy in Winchester, Virginia, Singleton moved to Kentucky in 1828. He married Mathilde Caves who died in 1832. Singleton pursued the study and practice of medicine in Kentucky. Later he married Ann Craig of Lexington, Kentucky. About 1834 he settled at Mount Sterling, Illinois. He commenced the study of law in Mount Sterling and was admitted to the Illinois bar in 1841. During these years the Singletons had a son, James Washington, Jr. but he died in infancy. Ann Craig Singleton also died about 1840.","James Washington Singleton began to distinguish himself in public service during the 1840's. In the \"war\" against the Mormons he was in command of a military company and he was later commissioned a brigadier-general of militia by Governor Ford of Illinois for his services in the Mormon War. He married Parthenia McDonald on April 9, 1844. He had two children by his third wife: Louise(Lily) born in 1857 and James J. Singleton born in 1860. In 1847 he was elected to represent his county in a constitutional convention. He served in the Illinois legislature representing Schuyler(Brown) County from 1850 to 1854.\nThe Singletons moved to Quincy where James Washington practiced law and became active in politics. He served in the state legislature from 1860 to 1862. He also represented Quincy in the state Constitutional convention of 1861.","During the Civil War Singleton may be most accurately characterized as a Peace Democrat who maintained close ties with President Lincoln. He had met Lincoln while he was in legal practice in Illinois in the 1840's. Their friendship lasted until Lincoln's death although they held different positions on the principal political issues of the time. Singleton apparently held informal \"negotiations\" with several people in Richmond including President Jefferson Davis and General Robert E. Lee. Lincoln did not give official sanction to these talks but was ready to recognize them if satisfactory Confederate proposals should emerge from the negotiations. Singleton died at home on April 4, 1892.","The collection consists of family papers spanning the lifetime of five generations of Singleton descendants. The collection includes papers of James Singleton, the father of James W. Singleton; James W. Singleton; Lily Singleton Thomas Osburn, the daughter of James W. Singleton; the Thomas children, the grandchildren of James W. Singleton; and Judith Ball Wysong Cofer, the great-granddaughter of James W. Singleton. The bulk of the collection concerns the lives of James Singleton, James W. Singleton and Lily Singleton Thomas Osburn.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","Prominent Peace Democrat from Illinois during the Civil War. Served in the United States House of Representatives (1879-1883). Contains family papers spanning five generations, dating from 1770 to 1975. Includes correspondence, business papers, military papers, newspaper clippings, and photographs.","ODU Community Collections","United States. Congress. House","Singleton family","Singleton, James Washington (1811-1892)","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["James Washington Singleton Papers, 1770/1975, bulk 1850/1920"],"collection_ssim":["James Washington Singleton Papers, 1770/1975, bulk 1850/1920"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MG 10","/repositories/5/resources/36"],"unitid_tesim":["MG 10","/repositories/5/resources/36"],"repository_ssm":["Old Dominion University"],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"geogname_ssm":["United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865"],"geogname_ssim":["United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865"],"places_ssim":["United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865"],"creator_ssm":["Singleton, James Washington (1811-1892)"],"creator_ssim":["Singleton, James Washington (1811-1892)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Singleton, James Washington (1811-1892)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","United States. Congress. House"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Singleton family"],"creators_ssim":["Singleton, James Washington (1811-1892)","ODU Community Collections","United States. Congress. House","Singleton family"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Mrs. Judith Ball Wysong Cofer","Gift. Accession #A77-5"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Copperhead movement","Politicians--Illinois"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Copperhead movement","Politicians--Illinois"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["20.80 Linear Feet","35 Hollinger document cases; 1 clamshell box, 2 oversized boxes boxes"],"extent_tesim":["20.80 Linear Feet","35 Hollinger document cases; 1 clamshell box, 2 oversized boxes boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1977],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to researchers without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to researchers without restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into eleven series: Series I: Correspondence; Series II: Legal and Government Documents; Series III: Financial and Bookkeeping RecordsSeries IV: Business Papers; Series V: Miscellaneous Material; Series VI: Speeches; Series VII: Miscellany; Series VIII: Memorabilia; Series IX: Newspaper clippings; Series X: Publications; and Series XI: Photographs.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into eleven series: Series I: Correspondence; Series II: Legal and Government Documents; Series III: Financial and Bookkeeping RecordsSeries IV: Business Papers; Series V: Miscellaneous Material; Series VI: Speeches; Series VII: Miscellany; Series VIII: Memorabilia; Series IX: Newspaper clippings; Series X: Publications; and Series XI: Photographs."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames Washington Singleton was born on November 23, 1811 at \"Paxton\" in Frederick County, Virginia, the estate of his father, General James Singleton. After attending the academy in Winchester, Virginia, Singleton moved to Kentucky in 1828. He married Mathilde Caves who died in 1832. Singleton pursued the study and practice of medicine in Kentucky. Later he married Ann Craig of Lexington, Kentucky. About 1834 he settled at Mount Sterling, Illinois. He commenced the study of law in Mount Sterling and was admitted to the Illinois bar in 1841. During these years the Singletons had a son, James Washington, Jr. but he died in infancy. Ann Craig Singleton also died about 1840.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJames Washington Singleton began to distinguish himself in public service during the 1840's. In the \"war\" against the Mormons he was in command of a military company and he was later commissioned a brigadier-general of militia by Governor Ford of Illinois for his services in the Mormon War. He married Parthenia McDonald on April 9, 1844. He had two children by his third wife: Louise(Lily) born in 1857 and James J. Singleton born in 1860. In 1847 he was elected to represent his county in a constitutional convention. He served in the Illinois legislature representing Schuyler(Brown) County from 1850 to 1854.\nThe Singletons moved to Quincy where James Washington practiced law and became active in politics. He served in the state legislature from 1860 to 1862. He also represented Quincy in the state Constitutional convention of 1861. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the Civil War Singleton may be most accurately characterized as a Peace Democrat who maintained close ties with President Lincoln. He had met Lincoln while he was in legal practice in Illinois in the 1840's. Their friendship lasted until Lincoln's death although they held different positions on the principal political issues of the time. Singleton apparently held informal \"negotiations\" with several people in Richmond including President Jefferson Davis and General Robert E. Lee. Lincoln did not give official sanction to these talks but was ready to recognize them if satisfactory Confederate proposals should emerge from the negotiations. Singleton died at home on April 4, 1892.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["James Washington Singleton was born on November 23, 1811 at \"Paxton\" in Frederick County, Virginia, the estate of his father, General James Singleton. After attending the academy in Winchester, Virginia, Singleton moved to Kentucky in 1828. He married Mathilde Caves who died in 1832. Singleton pursued the study and practice of medicine in Kentucky. Later he married Ann Craig of Lexington, Kentucky. About 1834 he settled at Mount Sterling, Illinois. He commenced the study of law in Mount Sterling and was admitted to the Illinois bar in 1841. During these years the Singletons had a son, James Washington, Jr. but he died in infancy. Ann Craig Singleton also died about 1840.","James Washington Singleton began to distinguish himself in public service during the 1840's. In the \"war\" against the Mormons he was in command of a military company and he was later commissioned a brigadier-general of militia by Governor Ford of Illinois for his services in the Mormon War. He married Parthenia McDonald on April 9, 1844. He had two children by his third wife: Louise(Lily) born in 1857 and James J. Singleton born in 1860. In 1847 he was elected to represent his county in a constitutional convention. He served in the Illinois legislature representing Schuyler(Brown) County from 1850 to 1854.\nThe Singletons moved to Quincy where James Washington practiced law and became active in politics. He served in the state legislature from 1860 to 1862. He also represented Quincy in the state Constitutional convention of 1861.","During the Civil War Singleton may be most accurately characterized as a Peace Democrat who maintained close ties with President Lincoln. He had met Lincoln while he was in legal practice in Illinois in the 1840's. Their friendship lasted until Lincoln's death although they held different positions on the principal political issues of the time. Singleton apparently held informal \"negotiations\" with several people in Richmond including President Jefferson Davis and General Robert E. Lee. Lincoln did not give official sanction to these talks but was ready to recognize them if satisfactory Confederate proposals should emerge from the negotiations. Singleton died at home on April 4, 1892."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], James Washington Singleton Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], James Washington Singleton Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of family papers spanning the lifetime of five generations of Singleton descendants. The collection includes papers of James Singleton, the father of James W. Singleton; James W. Singleton; Lily Singleton Thomas Osburn, the daughter of James W. Singleton; the Thomas children, the grandchildren of James W. Singleton; and Judith Ball Wysong Cofer, the great-granddaughter of James W. Singleton. The bulk of the collection concerns the lives of James Singleton, James W. Singleton and Lily Singleton Thomas Osburn.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of family papers spanning the lifetime of five generations of Singleton descendants. The collection includes papers of James Singleton, the father of James W. Singleton; James W. Singleton; Lily Singleton Thomas Osburn, the daughter of James W. Singleton; the Thomas children, the grandchildren of James W. Singleton; and Judith Ball Wysong Cofer, the great-granddaughter of James W. Singleton. The bulk of the collection concerns the lives of James Singleton, James W. Singleton and Lily Singleton Thomas Osburn."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_534992c8bb5d8b40d5715817c20d8f07\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eProminent Peace Democrat from Illinois during the Civil War. Served in the United States House of Representatives (1879-1883). Contains family papers spanning five generations, dating from 1770 to 1975. Includes correspondence, business papers, military papers, newspaper clippings, and photographs.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Prominent Peace Democrat from Illinois during the Civil War. Served in the United States House of Representatives (1879-1883). Contains family papers spanning five generations, dating from 1770 to 1975. Includes correspondence, business papers, military papers, newspaper clippings, and photographs."],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","United States. Congress. House"],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. Congress. House","Singleton family","Singleton, James Washington (1811-1892)"],"famname_ssim":["Singleton family"],"persname_ssim":["Singleton, James Washington (1811-1892)"],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","United States. Congress. House","Singleton family","Singleton, James Washington (1811-1892)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":764,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:36.932Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_36_c12_c01_c01_c02"}},{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_36_c12_c01_c01_c03","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"The Washington Star, 1923/1928","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_36_c12_c01_c01_c03#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_36_c12_c01_c01_c03","ref_ssm":["vino_repositories_5_resources_36_c12_c01_c01_c03"],"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_36_c12_c01_c01_c03","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_36","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_36","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_36_c12_c01_c01","parent_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_36_c12_c01_c01","parent_ssim":["James Washington Singleton Papers, 1770/1975, bulk 1850/1920","Series XII: Oversize Newspapers, 1817/1932","Sub-Series A: District of Columbia, 1827/1928","Oversize Box 37"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vino_repositories_5_resources_36","vino_repositories_5_resources_36_c12","vino_repositories_5_resources_36_c12_c01","vino_repositories_5_resources_36_c12_c01_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"The Washington Star","title_ssm":["The Washington Star"],"title_tesim":["The Washington Star"],"normalized_title_ssm":["The Washington Star, 1923/1928"],"text":["The Washington Star, 1923/1928","James Washington Singleton Papers, 1770/1975, bulk 1850/1920","Series XII: Oversize Newspapers, 1817/1932","Sub-Series A: District of Columbia, 1827/1928","Oversize Box 37","Oversize Box 37"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["James Washington Singleton Papers, 1770/1975, bulk 1850/1920","Series XII: Oversize Newspapers, 1817/1932","Sub-Series A: District of Columbia, 1827/1928","Oversize Box 37"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["James Washington Singleton Papers, 1770/1975, bulk 1850/1920","Series XII: Oversize Newspapers, 1817/1932","Sub-Series A: District of Columbia, 1827/1928","Oversize Box 37"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1923/1928"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1923 October 21, 1926 February 21, 1928 October 14"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[4],"sort_isi":721,"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"collection_ssim":["James Washington Singleton Papers, 1770/1975, bulk 1850/1920"],"containers_ssim":["Oversize Box 37"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open to researchers without restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"date_range_isim":[1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Washington Star, 1923 October 21, 1926 February 21, 1928 October 14, Oversize Box 37, James Washington Singleton Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_heading_ssm":["Preferred Citation"],"prefercite_tesim":["The Washington Star, 1923 October 21, 1926 February 21, 1928 October 14, Oversize Box 37, James Washington Singleton Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"_nest_path_":"/components#11/components#0/components#0/components#2","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:36.932Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_36","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_36","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_36","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_36","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_5_resources_36.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archivesguides.lib.odu.edu/repositories/5/resources/36","title_filing_ssi":"Singleton, James Washington","title_ssm":["James Washington Singleton Papers"],"title_tesim":["James Washington Singleton Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1770-1975, undated","1850-1920","Date acquired: 01/14/1977"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1770-1975, undated"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1850-1920"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 01/14/1977"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1770/1975, bulk 1850/1920"],"normalized_title_ssm":["James Washington Singleton Papers, 1770/1975, bulk 1850/1920"],"text":["James Washington Singleton Papers, 1770/1975, bulk 1850/1920","MG 10","/repositories/5/resources/36","United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865","Copperhead movement","Politicians--Illinois","The collection is open to researchers without restrictions.","The collection is organized into eleven series: Series I: Correspondence; Series II: Legal and Government Documents; Series III: Financial and Bookkeeping RecordsSeries IV: Business Papers; Series V: Miscellaneous Material; Series VI: Speeches; Series VII: Miscellany; Series VIII: Memorabilia; Series IX: Newspaper clippings; Series X: Publications; and Series XI: Photographs.","James Washington Singleton was born on November 23, 1811 at \"Paxton\" in Frederick County, Virginia, the estate of his father, General James Singleton. After attending the academy in Winchester, Virginia, Singleton moved to Kentucky in 1828. He married Mathilde Caves who died in 1832. Singleton pursued the study and practice of medicine in Kentucky. Later he married Ann Craig of Lexington, Kentucky. About 1834 he settled at Mount Sterling, Illinois. He commenced the study of law in Mount Sterling and was admitted to the Illinois bar in 1841. During these years the Singletons had a son, James Washington, Jr. but he died in infancy. Ann Craig Singleton also died about 1840.","James Washington Singleton began to distinguish himself in public service during the 1840's. In the \"war\" against the Mormons he was in command of a military company and he was later commissioned a brigadier-general of militia by Governor Ford of Illinois for his services in the Mormon War. He married Parthenia McDonald on April 9, 1844. He had two children by his third wife: Louise(Lily) born in 1857 and James J. Singleton born in 1860. In 1847 he was elected to represent his county in a constitutional convention. He served in the Illinois legislature representing Schuyler(Brown) County from 1850 to 1854.\nThe Singletons moved to Quincy where James Washington practiced law and became active in politics. He served in the state legislature from 1860 to 1862. He also represented Quincy in the state Constitutional convention of 1861.","During the Civil War Singleton may be most accurately characterized as a Peace Democrat who maintained close ties with President Lincoln. He had met Lincoln while he was in legal practice in Illinois in the 1840's. Their friendship lasted until Lincoln's death although they held different positions on the principal political issues of the time. Singleton apparently held informal \"negotiations\" with several people in Richmond including President Jefferson Davis and General Robert E. Lee. Lincoln did not give official sanction to these talks but was ready to recognize them if satisfactory Confederate proposals should emerge from the negotiations. Singleton died at home on April 4, 1892.","The collection consists of family papers spanning the lifetime of five generations of Singleton descendants. The collection includes papers of James Singleton, the father of James W. Singleton; James W. Singleton; Lily Singleton Thomas Osburn, the daughter of James W. Singleton; the Thomas children, the grandchildren of James W. Singleton; and Judith Ball Wysong Cofer, the great-granddaughter of James W. Singleton. The bulk of the collection concerns the lives of James Singleton, James W. Singleton and Lily Singleton Thomas Osburn.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","Prominent Peace Democrat from Illinois during the Civil War. Served in the United States House of Representatives (1879-1883). Contains family papers spanning five generations, dating from 1770 to 1975. Includes correspondence, business papers, military papers, newspaper clippings, and photographs.","ODU Community Collections","United States. Congress. House","Singleton family","Singleton, James Washington (1811-1892)","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["James Washington Singleton Papers, 1770/1975, bulk 1850/1920"],"collection_ssim":["James Washington Singleton Papers, 1770/1975, bulk 1850/1920"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MG 10","/repositories/5/resources/36"],"unitid_tesim":["MG 10","/repositories/5/resources/36"],"repository_ssm":["Old Dominion University"],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"geogname_ssm":["United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865"],"geogname_ssim":["United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865"],"places_ssim":["United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865"],"creator_ssm":["Singleton, James Washington (1811-1892)"],"creator_ssim":["Singleton, James Washington (1811-1892)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Singleton, James Washington (1811-1892)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","United States. Congress. 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Accession #A77-5"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Copperhead movement","Politicians--Illinois"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Copperhead movement","Politicians--Illinois"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["20.80 Linear Feet","35 Hollinger document cases; 1 clamshell box, 2 oversized boxes boxes"],"extent_tesim":["20.80 Linear Feet","35 Hollinger document cases; 1 clamshell box, 2 oversized boxes boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1977],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to researchers without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to researchers without restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into eleven series: Series I: Correspondence; Series II: Legal and Government Documents; Series III: Financial and Bookkeeping RecordsSeries IV: Business Papers; Series V: Miscellaneous Material; Series VI: Speeches; Series VII: Miscellany; Series VIII: Memorabilia; Series IX: Newspaper clippings; Series X: Publications; and Series XI: Photographs.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into eleven series: Series I: Correspondence; Series II: Legal and Government Documents; Series III: Financial and Bookkeeping RecordsSeries IV: Business Papers; Series V: Miscellaneous Material; Series VI: Speeches; Series VII: Miscellany; Series VIII: Memorabilia; Series IX: Newspaper clippings; Series X: Publications; and Series XI: Photographs."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames Washington Singleton was born on November 23, 1811 at \"Paxton\" in Frederick County, Virginia, the estate of his father, General James Singleton. After attending the academy in Winchester, Virginia, Singleton moved to Kentucky in 1828. He married Mathilde Caves who died in 1832. Singleton pursued the study and practice of medicine in Kentucky. Later he married Ann Craig of Lexington, Kentucky. About 1834 he settled at Mount Sterling, Illinois. He commenced the study of law in Mount Sterling and was admitted to the Illinois bar in 1841. During these years the Singletons had a son, James Washington, Jr. but he died in infancy. Ann Craig Singleton also died about 1840.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJames Washington Singleton began to distinguish himself in public service during the 1840's. In the \"war\" against the Mormons he was in command of a military company and he was later commissioned a brigadier-general of militia by Governor Ford of Illinois for his services in the Mormon War. He married Parthenia McDonald on April 9, 1844. He had two children by his third wife: Louise(Lily) born in 1857 and James J. Singleton born in 1860. In 1847 he was elected to represent his county in a constitutional convention. He served in the Illinois legislature representing Schuyler(Brown) County from 1850 to 1854.\nThe Singletons moved to Quincy where James Washington practiced law and became active in politics. He served in the state legislature from 1860 to 1862. He also represented Quincy in the state Constitutional convention of 1861. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the Civil War Singleton may be most accurately characterized as a Peace Democrat who maintained close ties with President Lincoln. He had met Lincoln while he was in legal practice in Illinois in the 1840's. Their friendship lasted until Lincoln's death although they held different positions on the principal political issues of the time. Singleton apparently held informal \"negotiations\" with several people in Richmond including President Jefferson Davis and General Robert E. Lee. Lincoln did not give official sanction to these talks but was ready to recognize them if satisfactory Confederate proposals should emerge from the negotiations. Singleton died at home on April 4, 1892.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["James Washington Singleton was born on November 23, 1811 at \"Paxton\" in Frederick County, Virginia, the estate of his father, General James Singleton. After attending the academy in Winchester, Virginia, Singleton moved to Kentucky in 1828. He married Mathilde Caves who died in 1832. Singleton pursued the study and practice of medicine in Kentucky. Later he married Ann Craig of Lexington, Kentucky. About 1834 he settled at Mount Sterling, Illinois. He commenced the study of law in Mount Sterling and was admitted to the Illinois bar in 1841. During these years the Singletons had a son, James Washington, Jr. but he died in infancy. Ann Craig Singleton also died about 1840.","James Washington Singleton began to distinguish himself in public service during the 1840's. In the \"war\" against the Mormons he was in command of a military company and he was later commissioned a brigadier-general of militia by Governor Ford of Illinois for his services in the Mormon War. He married Parthenia McDonald on April 9, 1844. He had two children by his third wife: Louise(Lily) born in 1857 and James J. Singleton born in 1860. In 1847 he was elected to represent his county in a constitutional convention. He served in the Illinois legislature representing Schuyler(Brown) County from 1850 to 1854.\nThe Singletons moved to Quincy where James Washington practiced law and became active in politics. He served in the state legislature from 1860 to 1862. He also represented Quincy in the state Constitutional convention of 1861.","During the Civil War Singleton may be most accurately characterized as a Peace Democrat who maintained close ties with President Lincoln. He had met Lincoln while he was in legal practice in Illinois in the 1840's. Their friendship lasted until Lincoln's death although they held different positions on the principal political issues of the time. Singleton apparently held informal \"negotiations\" with several people in Richmond including President Jefferson Davis and General Robert E. Lee. Lincoln did not give official sanction to these talks but was ready to recognize them if satisfactory Confederate proposals should emerge from the negotiations. Singleton died at home on April 4, 1892."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], James Washington Singleton Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], James Washington Singleton Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of family papers spanning the lifetime of five generations of Singleton descendants. The collection includes papers of James Singleton, the father of James W. Singleton; James W. Singleton; Lily Singleton Thomas Osburn, the daughter of James W. Singleton; the Thomas children, the grandchildren of James W. Singleton; and Judith Ball Wysong Cofer, the great-granddaughter of James W. Singleton. The bulk of the collection concerns the lives of James Singleton, James W. Singleton and Lily Singleton Thomas Osburn.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of family papers spanning the lifetime of five generations of Singleton descendants. The collection includes papers of James Singleton, the father of James W. Singleton; James W. Singleton; Lily Singleton Thomas Osburn, the daughter of James W. Singleton; the Thomas children, the grandchildren of James W. Singleton; and Judith Ball Wysong Cofer, the great-granddaughter of James W. Singleton. The bulk of the collection concerns the lives of James Singleton, James W. Singleton and Lily Singleton Thomas Osburn."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_534992c8bb5d8b40d5715817c20d8f07\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eProminent Peace Democrat from Illinois during the Civil War. Served in the United States House of Representatives (1879-1883). Contains family papers spanning five generations, dating from 1770 to 1975. Includes correspondence, business papers, military papers, newspaper clippings, and photographs.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Prominent Peace Democrat from Illinois during the Civil War. Served in the United States House of Representatives (1879-1883). Contains family papers spanning five generations, dating from 1770 to 1975. Includes correspondence, business papers, military papers, newspaper clippings, and photographs."],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","United States. Congress. House"],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. Congress. House","Singleton family","Singleton, James Washington (1811-1892)"],"famname_ssim":["Singleton family"],"persname_ssim":["Singleton, James Washington (1811-1892)"],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","United States. Congress. 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He returned to the Ledger-Dispatch as a general assignment reporter and was soon appointed assistant city editor, a position that he held for four years. He began to cover the General Assembly in 1948 on a part-time basis and two years later he covered the entire session. His reporting of the General Assembly and state and local politics over the next generation was distinguished for its accuracy, clarity, and balance. He expressed his philosophy of political reporting in the following words:\"It takes time to get to know them [public figures] and they're understandably very sensitive. If they feel they're getting a fair shake, that's really all they expect and want . . . I don't concern myself if a story is going to be favorable or unfavorable to any particular candidate. It's going to be written on the basis of fact, not opinion . . . \"","Note written by James F. 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He returned to the Ledger-Dispatch as a general assignment reporter and was soon appointed assistant city editor, a position that he held for four years. He began to cover the General Assembly in 1948 on a part-time basis and two years later he covered the entire session. His reporting of the General Assembly and state and local politics over the next generation was distinguished for its accuracy, clarity, and balance. He expressed his philosophy of political reporting in the following words:\"It takes time to get to know them [public figures] and they're understandably very sensitive. If they feel they're getting a fair shake, that's really all they expect and want . . . I don't concern myself if a story is going to be favorable or unfavorable to any particular candidate. It's going to be written on the basis of fact, not opinion . . . \"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote written by James F. 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He received his commission in 1942 and was sent to Casablanca during the North African invasion to assist in building an airfield for the 52nd Fighter Group. He remained with this outfit for thirty-two months through the campaigns of North Africa, Sicily, Corsica, and Italy.\nReilly left the service with the rank of captain. He returned to the Ledger-Dispatch as a general assignment reporter and was soon appointed assistant city editor, a position that he held for four years. He began to cover the General Assembly in 1948 on a part-time basis and two years later he covered the entire session. His reporting of the General Assembly and state and local politics over the next generation was distinguished for its accuracy, clarity, and balance. He expressed his philosophy of political reporting in the following words:\"It takes time to get to know them [public figures] and they're understandably very sensitive. 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State Publications contained in the collection include: Election Results (1924-1973); Manuals of the Senate and the House of Delegates (1950-1974); Miscellaneous publications re: General Assembly (1942-1976)."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_c7031d87c2d8e133a72325d4d0882d9c\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003ePolitical correspondent for the Norfolk Ledger-Star and Norfolk Ledger-Dispatch for 26 years. 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Scrapbook","title_ssm":["Thursday Club Scrapbook"],"title_tesim":["Thursday Club Scrapbook"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Thursday Club Scrapbook, 1925/1954"],"text":["Thursday Club Scrapbook, 1925/1954","Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) of Hampton Roads Records, 1906/2017, bulk 1960/1990","Record Group I: First Accession, 1910/2017","Series IV: Artifacts, 1920/1999","Box 22","box 22"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) of Hampton Roads Records, 1906/2017, bulk 1960/1990","Record Group I: First Accession, 1910/2017","Series IV: Artifacts, 1920/1999","Box 22"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) of Hampton Roads Records, 1906/2017, bulk 1960/1990","Record Group I: First Accession, 1910/2017","Series IV: Artifacts, 1920/1999","Box 22"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1925/1954"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1925-1954"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[4],"sort_isi":409,"repository_ssim":["Old 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Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_heading_ssm":["Preferred Citation"],"prefercite_tesim":["Thursday Club Scrapbook, 1925-1954, Box 22, Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) of Hampton Roads Records, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#3/components#8/components#1","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:33.091Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_238","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_238","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_238","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_238","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_5_resources_238.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archivesguides.lib.odu.edu/repositories/5/resources/238","title_filing_ssi":"Young Women's Christian Association of Hampton Roads","title_ssm":["Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) of Hampton Roads Records"],"title_tesim":["Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) of Hampton Roads Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1906-2017, undated","1960-1990","Date acquired: 08/30/2000"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1906-2017, undated"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1960-1990"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 08/30/2000"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1906/2017, bulk 1960/1990"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) of Hampton Roads Records, 1906/2017, bulk 1960/1990"],"text":["Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) of Hampton Roads Records, 1906/2017, bulk 1960/1990","MG 76","/repositories/5/resources/238","Women in community organization--Virginia","Women--United States--Societies, etc.","Women--Services for--Virginia","Women--Virginia--Social conditions","Young women--Services for--Virginia","Domestic Violence--prevention and control","Racism--Prevention","Women's rights","Camps for girls--Virginia","Leadership in women--Virginia","Open to researchers without restrictions.","The second accession was received by Special Collections and University Archives from Regina Malveaux, on behalf of the YWCA of Hampton Roads, on 03/30/2010.","This collection is broken down into groups based on when they were given to Special Collections and University Archives: Record Group 1: First Accession; and Record Group 2: Second Accession. Each record group is further organized into series within each record group.","The YWCA (Young Women's Christian Association) is the oldest and largest women's membership association. It began in London in 1855, and first came to the U.S. in 1858. Although similar in name, the YWCA has no affiliation with the YMCA. The YWCA was an independent movement that arose out of Women's church groups as a way of making life better for other women. These first YWCA's provided boarding houses, skills training, recreation, and a social environment for single, working women. After World War II, the YWCA's emphasis shifted to the family: mother and children. In 1946, the YWCA adopted an Interracial Charter. Its purpose became the empowerment of women and the elimination of racism.","The YWCA of South Hampton Roads started as housing for working girls in 1893. In 1908, the Phyllis Wheatley Branch of the YWCA of Norfolk began as an association of African American Women. The branch was named after a black woman poet who lived during the time of the Revolutionary War. Another YWCA started in Norfolk in 1911. This chapter had a residence for single women, and offered classes in cooking, stenography, Bible studies, typing, and gymnastics. It also had a cafeteria and a reading room. In 1925, the two branches came together. Then, in the 1950s a Virginia Beach branch was created. Over the years, many splits and mergers have occurred in the YWCA's of Hampton Roads. Throughout their history, the YWCA chapters of Hampton Roads have created many institutions in the community. Camp Owaissa, Camp E.W. Young, and various day camps have provided summer recreation for young girls. The Norfolk YWCA ran a cafeteria on West Freemason for many years. The YWCA has hosted women's shelters including the Phyllis Wheatley House, the Wilkshaw, and undisclosed battered women's shelters.","Other YWCA programs have included the Winners Dinners, now known as the Women of Distinction Award, where women of achievement have been recognized, Y-Prep and Y-Teens for young and adolescent girls, Black History Month, the Women in Crisis Program for victims of domestic violence, the Women in Transition Program to help economically disadvantaged women find employment or gain job skills, and Ladies Day Out workshops and fashion shows.","In addition to these, the YWCA of Hampton Roads has held and continues to hold a wide variety of programs for women of all ages and backgrounds. They offer classes, workshops, and training; fashion and talent shows; retreats; conventions; political events, achievement and award dinners, services and shelter for battered and abused women and children; and a variety of youth programs.","Note written by Special Collections Staff","Handling of the scrapbooks may be limited due to the fragile nature of the material.","The first accession was processed between 2000 and 2010. The second accession was processed by Mona Farrow, Reading Room Supervisor, in 2017.","Ocean View, Seaside and Seaview Amusement Park Collection (MG 31) and Virginia Beach Resorts Research Collection (RC 2) contains information about Seaview, the African American resort at the Virginia Beach oceanfront. YWCA material can also be found in the Women's Council for Interracial Cooperation Papers (MG 54).Current information about the YWCA of South Hampton Roads can be found on their website.","This collection contains the records of the Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) of Hampton Roads. Included in the records are the administrative records of the organization, publications, photographs, scrapbooks, artifacts, and blueprints of various property held by the organization.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","The YWCA (Young Women's Christian Association) is the oldest and largest women's membership organization. The YWCA of South Hampton Roads first started as housing for working girls in 1893. Throughout their history, the YWCA chapters of Hampton Roads have advanced their purposes of empowering women and fighting racism by running women's shelters, camps, workshops, and various other programs. The collection consists mainly of photos, scrapbooks, and newspaper clippings, as well as some business and historical records of the organization.","ODU Community Collections","Young Women's Christian Association of Hampton Roads (Va.)","Young Women's Christian Association of the U.S.A.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) of Hampton Roads Records, 1906/2017, bulk 1960/1990"],"collection_ssim":["Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) of Hampton Roads Records, 1906/2017, bulk 1960/1990"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MG 76","/repositories/5/resources/238"],"unitid_tesim":["MG 76","/repositories/5/resources/238"],"repository_ssm":["Old Dominion University"],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"creator_ssm":["Young Women's Christian Association of Hampton Roads (Va.)"],"creator_ssim":["Young Women's Christian Association of Hampton Roads (Va.)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Young Women's Christian Association of Hampton Roads (Va.)","Young Women's Christian Association of the U.S.A."],"creators_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Young Women's Christian Association of Hampton Roads (Va.)","Young Women's Christian Association of the U.S.A."],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["YWCA of Hampton Roads","Gift. Accession #A2000-7"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women in community organization--Virginia","Women--United States--Societies, etc.","Women--Services for--Virginia","Women--Virginia--Social conditions","Young women--Services for--Virginia","Domestic Violence--prevention and control","Racism--Prevention","Women's rights","Camps for girls--Virginia","Leadership in women--Virginia"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women in community organization--Virginia","Women--United States--Societies, etc.","Women--Services for--Virginia","Women--Virginia--Social conditions","Young women--Services for--Virginia","Domestic Violence--prevention and control","Racism--Prevention","Women's rights","Camps for girls--Virginia","Leadership in women--Virginia"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["45.20 Linear Feet","38 Hollinger document cases and 29 oversized boxes boxes"],"extent_tesim":["45.20 Linear Feet","38 Hollinger document cases and 29 oversized boxes boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOpen to researchers without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Open to researchers without restrictions."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe second accession was received by Special Collections and University Archives from Regina Malveaux, on behalf of the YWCA of Hampton Roads, on 03/30/2010.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals and Additions"],"accruals_tesim":["The second accession was received by Special Collections and University Archives from Regina Malveaux, on behalf of the YWCA of Hampton Roads, on 03/30/2010."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is broken down into groups based on when they were given to Special Collections and University Archives: Record Group 1: First Accession; and Record Group 2: Second Accession. Each record group is further organized into series within each record group.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is broken down into groups based on when they were given to Special Collections and University Archives: Record Group 1: First Accession; and Record Group 2: Second Accession. Each record group is further organized into series within each record group."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe YWCA (Young Women's Christian Association) is the oldest and largest women's membership association. It began in London in 1855, and first came to the U.S. in 1858. Although similar in name, the YWCA has no affiliation with the YMCA. The YWCA was an independent movement that arose out of Women's church groups as a way of making life better for other women. These first YWCA's provided boarding houses, skills training, recreation, and a social environment for single, working women. After World War II, the YWCA's emphasis shifted to the family: mother and children. In 1946, the YWCA adopted an Interracial Charter. Its purpose became the empowerment of women and the elimination of racism.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe YWCA of South Hampton Roads started as housing for working girls in 1893. In 1908, the Phyllis Wheatley Branch of the YWCA of Norfolk began as an association of African American Women. The branch was named after a black woman poet who lived during the time of the Revolutionary War. Another YWCA started in Norfolk in 1911. This chapter had a residence for single women, and offered classes in cooking, stenography, Bible studies, typing, and gymnastics. It also had a cafeteria and a reading room. In 1925, the two branches came together. Then, in the 1950s a Virginia Beach branch was created. Over the years, many splits and mergers have occurred in the YWCA's of Hampton Roads. Throughout their history, the YWCA chapters of Hampton Roads have created many institutions in the community. Camp Owaissa, Camp E.W. Young, and various day camps have provided summer recreation for young girls. The Norfolk YWCA ran a cafeteria on West Freemason for many years. The YWCA has hosted women's shelters including the Phyllis Wheatley House, the Wilkshaw, and undisclosed battered women's shelters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOther YWCA programs have included the Winners Dinners, now known as the Women of Distinction Award, where women of achievement have been recognized, Y-Prep and Y-Teens for young and adolescent girls, Black History Month, the Women in Crisis Program for victims of domestic violence, the Women in Transition Program to help economically disadvantaged women find employment or gain job skills, and Ladies Day Out workshops and fashion shows.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to these, the YWCA of Hampton Roads has held and continues to hold a wide variety of programs for women of all ages and backgrounds. They offer classes, workshops, and training; fashion and talent shows; retreats; conventions; political events, achievement and award dinners, services and shelter for battered and abused women and children; and a variety of youth programs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote written by Special Collections Staff\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The YWCA (Young Women's Christian Association) is the oldest and largest women's membership association. It began in London in 1855, and first came to the U.S. in 1858. Although similar in name, the YWCA has no affiliation with the YMCA. The YWCA was an independent movement that arose out of Women's church groups as a way of making life better for other women. These first YWCA's provided boarding houses, skills training, recreation, and a social environment for single, working women. After World War II, the YWCA's emphasis shifted to the family: mother and children. In 1946, the YWCA adopted an Interracial Charter. Its purpose became the empowerment of women and the elimination of racism.","The YWCA of South Hampton Roads started as housing for working girls in 1893. In 1908, the Phyllis Wheatley Branch of the YWCA of Norfolk began as an association of African American Women. The branch was named after a black woman poet who lived during the time of the Revolutionary War. Another YWCA started in Norfolk in 1911. This chapter had a residence for single women, and offered classes in cooking, stenography, Bible studies, typing, and gymnastics. It also had a cafeteria and a reading room. In 1925, the two branches came together. Then, in the 1950s a Virginia Beach branch was created. Over the years, many splits and mergers have occurred in the YWCA's of Hampton Roads. Throughout their history, the YWCA chapters of Hampton Roads have created many institutions in the community. Camp Owaissa, Camp E.W. Young, and various day camps have provided summer recreation for young girls. The Norfolk YWCA ran a cafeteria on West Freemason for many years. The YWCA has hosted women's shelters including the Phyllis Wheatley House, the Wilkshaw, and undisclosed battered women's shelters.","Other YWCA programs have included the Winners Dinners, now known as the Women of Distinction Award, where women of achievement have been recognized, Y-Prep and Y-Teens for young and adolescent girls, Black History Month, the Women in Crisis Program for victims of domestic violence, the Women in Transition Program to help economically disadvantaged women find employment or gain job skills, and Ladies Day Out workshops and fashion shows.","In addition to these, the YWCA of Hampton Roads has held and continues to hold a wide variety of programs for women of all ages and backgrounds. They offer classes, workshops, and training; fashion and talent shows; retreats; conventions; political events, achievement and award dinners, services and shelter for battered and abused women and children; and a variety of youth programs.","Note written by Special Collections Staff"],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHandling of the scrapbooks may be limited due to the fragile nature of the material.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Physical Access Requirements"],"phystech_tesim":["Handling of the scrapbooks may be limited due to the fragile nature of the material."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], YWCA of Hampton Roads Records, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], YWCA of Hampton Roads Records, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe first accession was processed between 2000 and 2010. The second accession was processed by Mona Farrow, Reading Room Supervisor, in 2017.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The first accession was processed between 2000 and 2010. The second accession was processed by Mona Farrow, Reading Room Supervisor, in 2017."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOcean View, Seaside and Seaview Amusement Park Collection (MG 31) and Virginia Beach Resorts Research Collection (RC 2) contains information about Seaview, the African American resort at the Virginia Beach oceanfront. YWCA material can also be found in the Women's Council for Interracial Cooperation Papers (MG 54).\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCurrent information about the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ywca-shr.org/\"\u003eYWCA of South Hampton Roads\u003c/a\u003e can be found on their website.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Ocean View, Seaside and Seaview Amusement Park Collection (MG 31) and Virginia Beach Resorts Research Collection (RC 2) contains information about Seaview, the African American resort at the Virginia Beach oceanfront. YWCA material can also be found in the Women's Council for Interracial Cooperation Papers (MG 54).Current information about the YWCA of South Hampton Roads can be found on their website."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the records of the Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) of Hampton Roads. Included in the records are the administrative records of the organization, publications, photographs, scrapbooks, artifacts, and blueprints of various property held by the organization.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains the records of the Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) of Hampton Roads. Included in the records are the administrative records of the organization, publications, photographs, scrapbooks, artifacts, and blueprints of various property held by the organization."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_0cf5b104c3e6212e3df520759edeb87a\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe YWCA (Young Women's Christian Association) is the oldest and largest women's membership organization. The YWCA of South Hampton Roads first started as housing for working girls in 1893. Throughout their history, the YWCA chapters of Hampton Roads have advanced their purposes of empowering women and fighting racism by running women's shelters, camps, workshops, and various other programs. The collection consists mainly of photos, scrapbooks, and newspaper clippings, as well as some business and historical records of the organization.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The YWCA (Young Women's Christian Association) is the oldest and largest women's membership organization. The YWCA of South Hampton Roads first started as housing for working girls in 1893. Throughout their history, the YWCA chapters of Hampton Roads have advanced their purposes of empowering women and fighting racism by running women's shelters, camps, workshops, and various other programs. The collection consists mainly of photos, scrapbooks, and newspaper clippings, as well as some business and historical records of the organization."],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Young Women's Christian Association of Hampton Roads (Va.)","Young Women's Christian Association of the U.S.A."],"names_coll_ssim":["Young Women's Christian Association of the U.S.A.","Young Women's Christian Association of Hampton Roads (Va.)"],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Young Women's Christian Association of Hampton Roads (Va.)","Young Women's Christian Association of the U.S.A."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":842,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:33.091Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_238_c01_c04_c09_c02"}},{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_57","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Tidewater History Collection, 1853/2017, bulk 1940/2010","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_57#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Tidewater History Collection contains materials such as, newspaper clippings, whole newspapers, magazines, maps, and pamphlets related to the communities of Hampton Roads, with primary focus on Norfolk.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_57#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_57","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_57","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_57","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_57","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_5_resources_57.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archivesguides.lib.odu.edu/repositories/5/resources/57","title_filing_ssi":"Tidewater History","title_ssm":["Tidewater History Collection"],"title_tesim":["Tidewater History Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1853-2017, undated","1940-2010"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1853-2017, undated"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1940-2010"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1853/2017, bulk 1940/2010"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Tidewater History Collection, 1853/2017, bulk 1940/2010"],"text":["Tidewater History Collection, 1853/2017, bulk 1940/2010","MG 91","/repositories/5/resources/57","Hampton Roads (Va.)--History","Hampton Roads (Va.)--Printed Materials","Hampton Roads (Va.)--Photographs","Hampton Roads (Va.)--Maps","Collection is open to researchers without restrictions.","The collection is organized into six series: Series I: Norfolk; Series II: Greater Tidewater and Virginia; Series III: Hampton Roads Planning Commission; Series IV: Oversize Newspapers; Series V: Oversize Maps; and Series VI: Oversize Photos.","In 1607, thirteen years before the Pilgrims landed on Plymouth Rock, a small band of Englishmen sailed into the Chesapeake Bay up the James River and settled on a small island named Jamestown. The settlement of Jamestown marked the origin of Colonial America. During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the Colony of Virginia became the most productive of all the English colonies. In the late eighteenth century, the influence of Virginians helped the American Colonies gain independence from England. In the mid- to late-eighteenth century, Virginia produced more great leaders than any other place in world history.","Today, there are 1.8 million residents in Hampton Roads, making up one-fifth of Virginia's population. The region is rich in culture, thriving communities and maritime and economic development. Hampton Roads is the home of the world's largest naval base, located in Norfolk, and is known for a strong military presence.","The southeastern region of Virginia is referred to as Hampton Roads. This region includes the communities of Chesapeake, Franklin, Hampton, Newport News, Norfolk, Poquoson, Portsmouth, Suffolk, Virginia Beach and Williamsburg, and the counties of Gloucester, Isle of Wight, James City, Mathews, Southampton, Surry and York and the following cities and counties of North Carolina – Currituck County, Gates County, Elizabeth City, and Kill Devil Hills (there is no material from the North Carolina cities and counties in the collection).","The meaning behind Hampton Roads is the body of water surrounding this area which incorporates the mouths of the Elizabeth River, Nansemond River, and James River with several smaller rivers and empties into the Chesapeake Bay near its mouth leading to the Atlantic Ocean. Hampton Roads is considered one of the world's largest natural harbors, with 'roads' being a nautical term meaning safe harbor (more accurately a 'roadstead').","Hampton Roads is known for its large military presence, ice-free harbor, shipyards, coal piers, and miles of waterfront property and beaches, all of which contribute to the diversity and stability of the region's economy.","Creating and maintaining adequate infrastructure has long been a major challenge. The Hampton Roads Bridge-Tunnel (HRBT) and the Monitor-Merrimac Memorial Bridge-Tunnel (MMMBT) are major harbor crossings of the Hampton Roads Beltway interstate, which links the large population centers of Hampton Roads. In 2007, the Hampton Roads Transportation Authority (HRTA) was formed under a controversial state law to levy various additional taxes, fees, and tolls to generate funding for major regional transportation projects, including a long-sought but costly third crossing of the harbor of Hampton Roads.","Cooperation between the regions is an ongoing challenge. The Hampton Roads Planning District Commission (HRPDC) is one of twenty-one planning district commissions in the commonwealth of Virginia. Their purpose is to encourage local government and state-local cooperation in matters such as commerce, city planning, housing, water resources, and emergency management.","Note written by Special Collections Staff","This collection was compiled by David Corona in February 2004. Further processing was completed by Kelly C. Barbour in April 2006.","Old Dominion University Libraries-Library Guides: Tidewater Regional Resources","The Tidewater History Collection is an artificial collection consisting of newspaper clippings, newspapers, magazines, maps, and pamphlets, among others. The context of the material relates to Hampton Roads facts, history, events, government, culture and the military, with emphasis on the city of Norfolk.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","The Tidewater History Collection contains materials such as, newspaper clippings, whole newspapers, magazines, maps, and pamphlets related to the communities of Hampton Roads, with primary focus on Norfolk.","ODU Community Collections","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Tidewater History Collection, 1853/2017, bulk 1940/2010"],"collection_ssim":["Tidewater History Collection, 1853/2017, bulk 1940/2010"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MG 91","/repositories/5/resources/57"],"unitid_tesim":["MG 91","/repositories/5/resources/57"],"repository_ssm":["Old Dominion University"],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"geogname_ssm":["Hampton Roads (Va.)--History","Hampton Roads (Va.)--Printed Materials","Hampton Roads (Va.)--Photographs","Hampton Roads (Va.)--Maps"],"geogname_ssim":["Hampton Roads (Va.)--History","Hampton Roads (Va.)--Printed Materials","Hampton Roads (Va.)--Photographs","Hampton Roads (Va.)--Maps"],"places_ssim":["Hampton Roads (Va.)--History","Hampton Roads (Va.)--Printed Materials","Hampton Roads (Va.)--Photographs","Hampton Roads (Va.)--Maps"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections"],"creators_ssim":["ODU Community Collections"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Various gifts and transfers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["6.80 Linear Feet","5 Hollinger document cases, 1 half Hollinger case, and 2 oversized boxes boxes"],"extent_tesim":["6.80 Linear Feet","5 Hollinger document cases, 1 half Hollinger case, and 2 oversized boxes boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to researchers without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to researchers without restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into six series: Series I: Norfolk; Series II: Greater Tidewater and Virginia; Series III: Hampton Roads Planning Commission; Series IV: Oversize Newspapers; Series V: Oversize Maps; and Series VI: Oversize Photos.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into six series: Series I: Norfolk; Series II: Greater Tidewater and Virginia; Series III: Hampton Roads Planning Commission; Series IV: Oversize Newspapers; Series V: Oversize Maps; and Series VI: Oversize Photos."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 1607, thirteen years before the Pilgrims landed on Plymouth Rock, a small band of Englishmen sailed into the Chesapeake Bay up the James River and settled on a small island named Jamestown. The settlement of Jamestown marked the origin of Colonial America. During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the Colony of Virginia became the most productive of all the English colonies. In the late eighteenth century, the influence of Virginians helped the American Colonies gain independence from England. In the mid- to late-eighteenth century, Virginia produced more great leaders than any other place in world history.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eToday, there are 1.8 million residents in Hampton Roads, making up one-fifth of Virginia's population. The region is rich in culture, thriving communities and maritime and economic development. Hampton Roads is the home of the world's largest naval base, located in Norfolk, and is known for a strong military presence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe southeastern region of Virginia is referred to as Hampton Roads. This region includes the communities of Chesapeake, Franklin, Hampton, Newport News, Norfolk, Poquoson, Portsmouth, Suffolk, Virginia Beach and Williamsburg, and the counties of Gloucester, Isle of Wight, James City, Mathews, Southampton, Surry and York and the following cities and counties of North Carolina – Currituck County, Gates County, Elizabeth City, and Kill Devil Hills (there is no material from the North Carolina cities and counties in the collection).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe meaning behind Hampton Roads is the body of water surrounding this area which incorporates the mouths of the Elizabeth River, Nansemond River, and James River with several smaller rivers and empties into the Chesapeake Bay near its mouth leading to the Atlantic Ocean. Hampton Roads is considered one of the world's largest natural harbors, with 'roads' being a nautical term meaning safe harbor (more accurately a 'roadstead').\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHampton Roads is known for its large military presence, ice-free harbor, shipyards, coal piers, and miles of waterfront property and beaches, all of which contribute to the diversity and stability of the region's economy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCreating and maintaining adequate infrastructure has long been a major challenge. The Hampton Roads Bridge-Tunnel (HRBT) and the Monitor-Merrimac Memorial Bridge-Tunnel (MMMBT) are major harbor crossings of the Hampton Roads Beltway interstate, which links the large population centers of Hampton Roads. In 2007, the Hampton Roads Transportation Authority (HRTA) was formed under a controversial state law to levy various additional taxes, fees, and tolls to generate funding for major regional transportation projects, including a long-sought but costly third crossing of the harbor of Hampton Roads.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCooperation between the regions is an ongoing challenge. The Hampton Roads Planning District Commission (HRPDC) is one of twenty-one planning district commissions in the commonwealth of Virginia. Their purpose is to encourage local government and state-local cooperation in matters such as commerce, city planning, housing, water resources, and emergency management.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote written by Special Collections Staff\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["In 1607, thirteen years before the Pilgrims landed on Plymouth Rock, a small band of Englishmen sailed into the Chesapeake Bay up the James River and settled on a small island named Jamestown. The settlement of Jamestown marked the origin of Colonial America. During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the Colony of Virginia became the most productive of all the English colonies. In the late eighteenth century, the influence of Virginians helped the American Colonies gain independence from England. In the mid- to late-eighteenth century, Virginia produced more great leaders than any other place in world history.","Today, there are 1.8 million residents in Hampton Roads, making up one-fifth of Virginia's population. The region is rich in culture, thriving communities and maritime and economic development. Hampton Roads is the home of the world's largest naval base, located in Norfolk, and is known for a strong military presence.","The southeastern region of Virginia is referred to as Hampton Roads. This region includes the communities of Chesapeake, Franklin, Hampton, Newport News, Norfolk, Poquoson, Portsmouth, Suffolk, Virginia Beach and Williamsburg, and the counties of Gloucester, Isle of Wight, James City, Mathews, Southampton, Surry and York and the following cities and counties of North Carolina – Currituck County, Gates County, Elizabeth City, and Kill Devil Hills (there is no material from the North Carolina cities and counties in the collection).","The meaning behind Hampton Roads is the body of water surrounding this area which incorporates the mouths of the Elizabeth River, Nansemond River, and James River with several smaller rivers and empties into the Chesapeake Bay near its mouth leading to the Atlantic Ocean. Hampton Roads is considered one of the world's largest natural harbors, with 'roads' being a nautical term meaning safe harbor (more accurately a 'roadstead').","Hampton Roads is known for its large military presence, ice-free harbor, shipyards, coal piers, and miles of waterfront property and beaches, all of which contribute to the diversity and stability of the region's economy.","Creating and maintaining adequate infrastructure has long been a major challenge. The Hampton Roads Bridge-Tunnel (HRBT) and the Monitor-Merrimac Memorial Bridge-Tunnel (MMMBT) are major harbor crossings of the Hampton Roads Beltway interstate, which links the large population centers of Hampton Roads. In 2007, the Hampton Roads Transportation Authority (HRTA) was formed under a controversial state law to levy various additional taxes, fees, and tolls to generate funding for major regional transportation projects, including a long-sought but costly third crossing of the harbor of Hampton Roads.","Cooperation between the regions is an ongoing challenge. The Hampton Roads Planning District Commission (HRPDC) is one of twenty-one planning district commissions in the commonwealth of Virginia. Their purpose is to encourage local government and state-local cooperation in matters such as commerce, city planning, housing, water resources, and emergency management.","Note written by Special Collections Staff"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Tidewater History Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Tidewater History Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection was compiled by David Corona in February 2004. Further processing was completed by Kelly C. Barbour in April 2006.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["This collection was compiled by David Corona in February 2004. Further processing was completed by Kelly C. Barbour in April 2006."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cextref href=\"http://guides.lib.odu.edu/tidewater\"\u003eOld Dominion University Libraries-Library Guides: Tidewater Regional Resources\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Old Dominion University Libraries-Library Guides: Tidewater Regional Resources"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Tidewater History Collection is an artificial collection consisting of newspaper clippings, newspapers, magazines, maps, and pamphlets, among others. The context of the material relates to Hampton Roads facts, history, events, government, culture and the military, with emphasis on the city of Norfolk.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Tidewater History Collection is an artificial collection consisting of newspaper clippings, newspapers, magazines, maps, and pamphlets, among others. The context of the material relates to Hampton Roads facts, history, events, government, culture and the military, with emphasis on the city of Norfolk."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_84599517ea8653bbb524bd1a74d94658\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Tidewater History Collection contains materials such as, newspaper clippings, whole newspapers, magazines, maps, and pamphlets related to the communities of Hampton Roads, with primary focus on Norfolk.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Tidewater History Collection contains materials such as, newspaper clippings, whole newspapers, magazines, maps, and pamphlets related to the communities of Hampton Roads, with primary focus on Norfolk."],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections"],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":198,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:36.932Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_57","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_57","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_57","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_57","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_5_resources_57.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archivesguides.lib.odu.edu/repositories/5/resources/57","title_filing_ssi":"Tidewater History","title_ssm":["Tidewater History Collection"],"title_tesim":["Tidewater History Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1853-2017, undated","1940-2010"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1853-2017, undated"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1940-2010"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1853/2017, bulk 1940/2010"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Tidewater History Collection, 1853/2017, bulk 1940/2010"],"text":["Tidewater History Collection, 1853/2017, bulk 1940/2010","MG 91","/repositories/5/resources/57","Hampton Roads (Va.)--History","Hampton Roads (Va.)--Printed Materials","Hampton Roads (Va.)--Photographs","Hampton Roads (Va.)--Maps","Collection is open to researchers without restrictions.","The collection is organized into six series: Series I: Norfolk; Series II: Greater Tidewater and Virginia; Series III: Hampton Roads Planning Commission; Series IV: Oversize Newspapers; Series V: Oversize Maps; and Series VI: Oversize Photos.","In 1607, thirteen years before the Pilgrims landed on Plymouth Rock, a small band of Englishmen sailed into the Chesapeake Bay up the James River and settled on a small island named Jamestown. The settlement of Jamestown marked the origin of Colonial America. During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the Colony of Virginia became the most productive of all the English colonies. In the late eighteenth century, the influence of Virginians helped the American Colonies gain independence from England. In the mid- to late-eighteenth century, Virginia produced more great leaders than any other place in world history.","Today, there are 1.8 million residents in Hampton Roads, making up one-fifth of Virginia's population. The region is rich in culture, thriving communities and maritime and economic development. Hampton Roads is the home of the world's largest naval base, located in Norfolk, and is known for a strong military presence.","The southeastern region of Virginia is referred to as Hampton Roads. This region includes the communities of Chesapeake, Franklin, Hampton, Newport News, Norfolk, Poquoson, Portsmouth, Suffolk, Virginia Beach and Williamsburg, and the counties of Gloucester, Isle of Wight, James City, Mathews, Southampton, Surry and York and the following cities and counties of North Carolina – Currituck County, Gates County, Elizabeth City, and Kill Devil Hills (there is no material from the North Carolina cities and counties in the collection).","The meaning behind Hampton Roads is the body of water surrounding this area which incorporates the mouths of the Elizabeth River, Nansemond River, and James River with several smaller rivers and empties into the Chesapeake Bay near its mouth leading to the Atlantic Ocean. Hampton Roads is considered one of the world's largest natural harbors, with 'roads' being a nautical term meaning safe harbor (more accurately a 'roadstead').","Hampton Roads is known for its large military presence, ice-free harbor, shipyards, coal piers, and miles of waterfront property and beaches, all of which contribute to the diversity and stability of the region's economy.","Creating and maintaining adequate infrastructure has long been a major challenge. The Hampton Roads Bridge-Tunnel (HRBT) and the Monitor-Merrimac Memorial Bridge-Tunnel (MMMBT) are major harbor crossings of the Hampton Roads Beltway interstate, which links the large population centers of Hampton Roads. In 2007, the Hampton Roads Transportation Authority (HRTA) was formed under a controversial state law to levy various additional taxes, fees, and tolls to generate funding for major regional transportation projects, including a long-sought but costly third crossing of the harbor of Hampton Roads.","Cooperation between the regions is an ongoing challenge. The Hampton Roads Planning District Commission (HRPDC) is one of twenty-one planning district commissions in the commonwealth of Virginia. Their purpose is to encourage local government and state-local cooperation in matters such as commerce, city planning, housing, water resources, and emergency management.","Note written by Special Collections Staff","This collection was compiled by David Corona in February 2004. Further processing was completed by Kelly C. Barbour in April 2006.","Old Dominion University Libraries-Library Guides: Tidewater Regional Resources","The Tidewater History Collection is an artificial collection consisting of newspaper clippings, newspapers, magazines, maps, and pamphlets, among others. The context of the material relates to Hampton Roads facts, history, events, government, culture and the military, with emphasis on the city of Norfolk.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","The Tidewater History Collection contains materials such as, newspaper clippings, whole newspapers, magazines, maps, and pamphlets related to the communities of Hampton Roads, with primary focus on Norfolk.","ODU Community Collections","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Tidewater History Collection, 1853/2017, bulk 1940/2010"],"collection_ssim":["Tidewater History Collection, 1853/2017, bulk 1940/2010"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MG 91","/repositories/5/resources/57"],"unitid_tesim":["MG 91","/repositories/5/resources/57"],"repository_ssm":["Old Dominion University"],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"geogname_ssm":["Hampton Roads (Va.)--History","Hampton Roads (Va.)--Printed Materials","Hampton Roads (Va.)--Photographs","Hampton Roads (Va.)--Maps"],"geogname_ssim":["Hampton Roads (Va.)--History","Hampton Roads (Va.)--Printed Materials","Hampton Roads (Va.)--Photographs","Hampton Roads (Va.)--Maps"],"places_ssim":["Hampton Roads (Va.)--History","Hampton Roads (Va.)--Printed Materials","Hampton Roads (Va.)--Photographs","Hampton Roads (Va.)--Maps"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections"],"creators_ssim":["ODU Community Collections"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Various gifts and transfers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["6.80 Linear Feet","5 Hollinger document cases, 1 half Hollinger case, and 2 oversized boxes boxes"],"extent_tesim":["6.80 Linear Feet","5 Hollinger document cases, 1 half Hollinger case, and 2 oversized boxes boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to researchers without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to researchers without restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into six series: Series I: Norfolk; Series II: Greater Tidewater and Virginia; Series III: Hampton Roads Planning Commission; Series IV: Oversize Newspapers; Series V: Oversize Maps; and Series VI: Oversize Photos.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into six series: Series I: Norfolk; Series II: Greater Tidewater and Virginia; Series III: Hampton Roads Planning Commission; Series IV: Oversize Newspapers; Series V: Oversize Maps; and Series VI: Oversize Photos."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 1607, thirteen years before the Pilgrims landed on Plymouth Rock, a small band of Englishmen sailed into the Chesapeake Bay up the James River and settled on a small island named Jamestown. The settlement of Jamestown marked the origin of Colonial America. During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the Colony of Virginia became the most productive of all the English colonies. In the late eighteenth century, the influence of Virginians helped the American Colonies gain independence from England. In the mid- to late-eighteenth century, Virginia produced more great leaders than any other place in world history.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eToday, there are 1.8 million residents in Hampton Roads, making up one-fifth of Virginia's population. The region is rich in culture, thriving communities and maritime and economic development. Hampton Roads is the home of the world's largest naval base, located in Norfolk, and is known for a strong military presence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe southeastern region of Virginia is referred to as Hampton Roads. This region includes the communities of Chesapeake, Franklin, Hampton, Newport News, Norfolk, Poquoson, Portsmouth, Suffolk, Virginia Beach and Williamsburg, and the counties of Gloucester, Isle of Wight, James City, Mathews, Southampton, Surry and York and the following cities and counties of North Carolina – Currituck County, Gates County, Elizabeth City, and Kill Devil Hills (there is no material from the North Carolina cities and counties in the collection).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe meaning behind Hampton Roads is the body of water surrounding this area which incorporates the mouths of the Elizabeth River, Nansemond River, and James River with several smaller rivers and empties into the Chesapeake Bay near its mouth leading to the Atlantic Ocean. Hampton Roads is considered one of the world's largest natural harbors, with 'roads' being a nautical term meaning safe harbor (more accurately a 'roadstead').\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHampton Roads is known for its large military presence, ice-free harbor, shipyards, coal piers, and miles of waterfront property and beaches, all of which contribute to the diversity and stability of the region's economy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCreating and maintaining adequate infrastructure has long been a major challenge. The Hampton Roads Bridge-Tunnel (HRBT) and the Monitor-Merrimac Memorial Bridge-Tunnel (MMMBT) are major harbor crossings of the Hampton Roads Beltway interstate, which links the large population centers of Hampton Roads. In 2007, the Hampton Roads Transportation Authority (HRTA) was formed under a controversial state law to levy various additional taxes, fees, and tolls to generate funding for major regional transportation projects, including a long-sought but costly third crossing of the harbor of Hampton Roads.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCooperation between the regions is an ongoing challenge. The Hampton Roads Planning District Commission (HRPDC) is one of twenty-one planning district commissions in the commonwealth of Virginia. Their purpose is to encourage local government and state-local cooperation in matters such as commerce, city planning, housing, water resources, and emergency management.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote written by Special Collections Staff\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["In 1607, thirteen years before the Pilgrims landed on Plymouth Rock, a small band of Englishmen sailed into the Chesapeake Bay up the James River and settled on a small island named Jamestown. The settlement of Jamestown marked the origin of Colonial America. During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the Colony of Virginia became the most productive of all the English colonies. In the late eighteenth century, the influence of Virginians helped the American Colonies gain independence from England. In the mid- to late-eighteenth century, Virginia produced more great leaders than any other place in world history.","Today, there are 1.8 million residents in Hampton Roads, making up one-fifth of Virginia's population. The region is rich in culture, thriving communities and maritime and economic development. Hampton Roads is the home of the world's largest naval base, located in Norfolk, and is known for a strong military presence.","The southeastern region of Virginia is referred to as Hampton Roads. This region includes the communities of Chesapeake, Franklin, Hampton, Newport News, Norfolk, Poquoson, Portsmouth, Suffolk, Virginia Beach and Williamsburg, and the counties of Gloucester, Isle of Wight, James City, Mathews, Southampton, Surry and York and the following cities and counties of North Carolina – Currituck County, Gates County, Elizabeth City, and Kill Devil Hills (there is no material from the North Carolina cities and counties in the collection).","The meaning behind Hampton Roads is the body of water surrounding this area which incorporates the mouths of the Elizabeth River, Nansemond River, and James River with several smaller rivers and empties into the Chesapeake Bay near its mouth leading to the Atlantic Ocean. Hampton Roads is considered one of the world's largest natural harbors, with 'roads' being a nautical term meaning safe harbor (more accurately a 'roadstead').","Hampton Roads is known for its large military presence, ice-free harbor, shipyards, coal piers, and miles of waterfront property and beaches, all of which contribute to the diversity and stability of the region's economy.","Creating and maintaining adequate infrastructure has long been a major challenge. The Hampton Roads Bridge-Tunnel (HRBT) and the Monitor-Merrimac Memorial Bridge-Tunnel (MMMBT) are major harbor crossings of the Hampton Roads Beltway interstate, which links the large population centers of Hampton Roads. In 2007, the Hampton Roads Transportation Authority (HRTA) was formed under a controversial state law to levy various additional taxes, fees, and tolls to generate funding for major regional transportation projects, including a long-sought but costly third crossing of the harbor of Hampton Roads.","Cooperation between the regions is an ongoing challenge. The Hampton Roads Planning District Commission (HRPDC) is one of twenty-one planning district commissions in the commonwealth of Virginia. Their purpose is to encourage local government and state-local cooperation in matters such as commerce, city planning, housing, water resources, and emergency management.","Note written by Special Collections Staff"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Tidewater History Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Tidewater History Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection was compiled by David Corona in February 2004. Further processing was completed by Kelly C. Barbour in April 2006.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["This collection was compiled by David Corona in February 2004. Further processing was completed by Kelly C. Barbour in April 2006."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cextref href=\"http://guides.lib.odu.edu/tidewater\"\u003eOld Dominion University Libraries-Library Guides: Tidewater Regional Resources\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Old Dominion University Libraries-Library Guides: Tidewater Regional Resources"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Tidewater History Collection is an artificial collection consisting of newspaper clippings, newspapers, magazines, maps, and pamphlets, among others. The context of the material relates to Hampton Roads facts, history, events, government, culture and the military, with emphasis on the city of Norfolk.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Tidewater History Collection is an artificial collection consisting of newspaper clippings, newspapers, magazines, maps, and pamphlets, among others. The context of the material relates to Hampton Roads facts, history, events, government, culture and the military, with emphasis on the city of Norfolk."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_84599517ea8653bbb524bd1a74d94658\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Tidewater History Collection contains materials such as, newspaper clippings, whole newspapers, magazines, maps, and pamphlets related to the communities of Hampton Roads, with primary focus on Norfolk.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Tidewater History Collection contains materials such as, newspaper clippings, whole newspapers, magazines, maps, and pamphlets related to the communities of Hampton Roads, with primary focus on Norfolk."],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections"],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":198,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:36.932Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_57"}},{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_61","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Transatlantic Cable Collection, 1858/1959","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_61#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Small collection of items related to the Atlantic Ocean: A framed segment of cable used in the first transatlantic telegraph connection, 1858; a document certifying the cable's authenticity; a photograph of the USCG ship Marmer\u003cem\u003e,\u003c/em\u003e 1959 and an undated photograph of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's ship Discoverer.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_61#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_61","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_61","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_61","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_61","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_5_resources_61.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archivesguides.lib.odu.edu/repositories/5/resources/61","title_filing_ssi":"Transatlantic Cable","title_ssm":["Transatlantic Cable Collection"],"title_tesim":["Transatlantic Cable Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1858, 1959, undated","Date acquired: 02/18/2005"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1858, 1959, undated"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 02/18/2005"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1858/1959"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Transatlantic Cable Collection, 1858/1959"],"text":["Transatlantic Cable Collection, 1858/1959","MG 84","/repositories/5/resources/61","Transatlantic cables","Collection is open to researchers without restrictions.","The items in the Transatlantic Cable Collection are arranged chronologically.","Transatlantic Telegraph Connection","USCG Ship: The Marmer","NOAA Ship: The Discoverer","http://www.history.noaa.gov","http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrus_West_Field","http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/first-transatlantic-telegraph-cable-completed","http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOAAS_Discoverer_%28R_102%29","http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transatlantic_telegraph_cable","The Transatlantic Cable Collection consists of four items: a framed segment of cable used in the first transatlantic telegraph connection, 1858; a document certifying the cable's authenticity; a photograph of the USCG ship Marmer, 1959; and an undated photograph of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's ship, Discoverer.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","Small collection of items related to the Atlantic Ocean: A framed segment of cable used in the first transatlantic telegraph connection, 1858; a document certifying the cable's authenticity; a photograph of the USCG ship Marmer, 1959 and an undated photograph of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's ship Discoverer.","ODU Community Collections","Discoverer (Ship)","Marmer (Ship)","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Transatlantic Cable Collection, 1858/1959"],"collection_ssim":["Transatlantic Cable Collection, 1858/1959"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MG 84","/repositories/5/resources/61"],"unitid_tesim":["MG 84","/repositories/5/resources/61"],"repository_ssm":["Old Dominion University"],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Discoverer (Ship)","Marmer (Ship)"],"creators_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Discoverer (Ship)","Marmer (Ship)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Provenance unknown","Gift. Accession #A2005-02"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Transatlantic cables"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Transatlantic cables"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.00 Linear Feet","1 clamshell box boxes"],"extent_tesim":["1.00 Linear Feet","1 clamshell box boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,2005],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to researchers without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to researchers without restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe items in the Transatlantic Cable Collection are arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The items in the Transatlantic Cable Collection are arranged chronologically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eTransatlantic Telegraph Connection\u003c/emph\u003e\n\nSince the development of the first telegraph line in the United States in 1844 by Samuel F.B. Morse, telegraphic communication was gaining a stronghold around the world. In 1854 the idea to lay insulated telegraph cable across the floor of the Atlantic Ocean was concieved by American businessman and entrepreneur Cyrus West Field. After four unsuccessful attempts, the first transatlantic cable was laid on August 5, 1858 with American and British financing. The cable itself stretched \"nearly 2,000 miles across the Atlantic at a depth often more than two miles.\"  Eleven days later, U.S. President James Buchanan and England's Queen Victoria exchanged messages. Sadly the cable broke down three weeks later due to structrual weakness and poor current. The cable was not replaced till 1866.\n\n","\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eUSCG Ship: The Marmer\u003c/emph\u003e\n\nThe Marmer was a coast and geodetic survey ship that studied ocean currents. The ship was originally named the Walter Wyman, but in 1957 it was renamed the Marmer in honor of Harry S. Marmer, who was Assistant Chief of the Division of Tides and Currents of the Coast and Geodetic Survey. The Marmer was in service from 1957-1968, until it was replaced by the NOAA ship Ferrel.\n\n","\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eNOAA Ship: The Discoverer\u003c/emph\u003e\n\nThe Discoverer was an ocean research vessel built by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, which commissioned in October 1964 and delivered to the United States Government in December 1966. Over the years, Discoverer's missions included oceangraphic, meterological, and seismic research, as well as marine mammal observations. The Discoverer also proved cadet training for the California Maritime Academy and United States Naval Academy. The Discoverer was decommissioned on August 16, 1996 and is in reserve in the NOAA Pacific Fleet at Seattle.\n\nSources:\n\n\"Coast and Geodetic Survey Ships: Marmer.\"  ","\u003cextref href=\"http://www.history.noaa.gov/ships/marmer.html\"\u003ehttp://www.history.noaa.gov\u003c/extref\u003e\n\n\"Cyrus West Field.\" Wikipedia. ","\u003cextref href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrus_West_Field\"\u003ehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrus_West_Field\u003c/extref\u003e\n\n\"First transatlantic cable completed.\" This Day in History, August 5. History.com. ","\u003cextref href=\"http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/first-transatlantic-telegraph-cable-completed\"\u003ehttp://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/first-transatlantic-telegraph-cable-completed\u003c/extref\u003e\n\n\"NOAA Ship Discoverer: A Brief History.\" ","\u003ca href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20120606210538/http://www.moc.noaa.gov/di/bkgrnd.htm\u0026gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20120606210538/http://www.moc.noaa.gov/di/bkgrnd.htm\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;%20%20\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003eNOAAS Discoverer (R 102).\" Wikipedia. ","\u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOAAS_Discoverer_%28R_102%29\"\u003ehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOAAS_Discoverer_%28R_102%29\u003c/a\u003e\n\n\"Transatlantic telegraph cable.\" Wikipedia. ","\u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transatlantic_telegraph_cable\"\u003ehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transatlantic_telegraph_cable\u003c/a\u003e\n\nNote written by Kathleen Smith  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Transatlantic Telegraph Connection","USCG Ship: The Marmer","NOAA Ship: The Discoverer","http://www.history.noaa.gov","http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrus_West_Field","http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/first-transatlantic-telegraph-cable-completed","http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOAAS_Discoverer_%28R_102%29","http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transatlantic_telegraph_cable"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Item [insert number and title], Transatlantic Cable Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Item [insert number and title], Transatlantic Cable Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Transatlantic Cable Collection consists of four items: a framed segment of cable used in the first transatlantic telegraph connection, 1858; a document certifying the cable's authenticity; a photograph of the USCG ship Marmer\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003e,\u003c/emph\u003e 1959; and an undated photograph of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's ship, Discoverer.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Transatlantic Cable Collection consists of four items: a framed segment of cable used in the first transatlantic telegraph connection, 1858; a document certifying the cable's authenticity; a photograph of the USCG ship Marmer, 1959; and an undated photograph of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's ship, Discoverer."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_86c7c216530108b8a98b59d38b5e7e23\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eSmall collection of items related to the Atlantic Ocean: A framed segment of cable used in the first transatlantic telegraph connection, 1858; a document certifying the cable's authenticity; a photograph of the USCG ship Marmer\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003e,\u003c/emph\u003e 1959 and an undated photograph of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's ship Discoverer.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Small collection of items related to the Atlantic Ocean: A framed segment of cable used in the first transatlantic telegraph connection, 1858; a document certifying the cable's authenticity; a photograph of the USCG ship Marmer, 1959 and an undated photograph of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's ship Discoverer."],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Discoverer (Ship)","Marmer (Ship)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Discoverer (Ship)","Marmer (Ship)"],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Discoverer (Ship)","Marmer (Ship)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":5,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:36.932Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_61","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_61","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_61","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_61","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_5_resources_61.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archivesguides.lib.odu.edu/repositories/5/resources/61","title_filing_ssi":"Transatlantic Cable","title_ssm":["Transatlantic Cable Collection"],"title_tesim":["Transatlantic Cable Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1858, 1959, undated","Date acquired: 02/18/2005"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1858, 1959, undated"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 02/18/2005"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1858/1959"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Transatlantic Cable Collection, 1858/1959"],"text":["Transatlantic Cable Collection, 1858/1959","MG 84","/repositories/5/resources/61","Transatlantic cables","Collection is open to researchers without restrictions.","The items in the Transatlantic Cable Collection are arranged chronologically.","Transatlantic Telegraph Connection","USCG Ship: The Marmer","NOAA Ship: The Discoverer","http://www.history.noaa.gov","http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrus_West_Field","http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/first-transatlantic-telegraph-cable-completed","http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOAAS_Discoverer_%28R_102%29","http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transatlantic_telegraph_cable","The Transatlantic Cable Collection consists of four items: a framed segment of cable used in the first transatlantic telegraph connection, 1858; a document certifying the cable's authenticity; a photograph of the USCG ship Marmer, 1959; and an undated photograph of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's ship, Discoverer.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","Small collection of items related to the Atlantic Ocean: A framed segment of cable used in the first transatlantic telegraph connection, 1858; a document certifying the cable's authenticity; a photograph of the USCG ship Marmer, 1959 and an undated photograph of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's ship Discoverer.","ODU Community Collections","Discoverer (Ship)","Marmer (Ship)","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Transatlantic Cable Collection, 1858/1959"],"collection_ssim":["Transatlantic Cable Collection, 1858/1959"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MG 84","/repositories/5/resources/61"],"unitid_tesim":["MG 84","/repositories/5/resources/61"],"repository_ssm":["Old Dominion University"],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Discoverer (Ship)","Marmer (Ship)"],"creators_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Discoverer (Ship)","Marmer (Ship)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Provenance unknown","Gift. Accession #A2005-02"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Transatlantic cables"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Transatlantic cables"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.00 Linear Feet","1 clamshell box boxes"],"extent_tesim":["1.00 Linear Feet","1 clamshell box boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,2005],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to researchers without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to researchers without restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe items in the Transatlantic Cable Collection are arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The items in the Transatlantic Cable Collection are arranged chronologically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eTransatlantic Telegraph Connection\u003c/emph\u003e\n\nSince the development of the first telegraph line in the United States in 1844 by Samuel F.B. Morse, telegraphic communication was gaining a stronghold around the world. In 1854 the idea to lay insulated telegraph cable across the floor of the Atlantic Ocean was concieved by American businessman and entrepreneur Cyrus West Field. After four unsuccessful attempts, the first transatlantic cable was laid on August 5, 1858 with American and British financing. The cable itself stretched \"nearly 2,000 miles across the Atlantic at a depth often more than two miles.\"  Eleven days later, U.S. President James Buchanan and England's Queen Victoria exchanged messages. Sadly the cable broke down three weeks later due to structrual weakness and poor current. The cable was not replaced till 1866.\n\n","\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eUSCG Ship: The Marmer\u003c/emph\u003e\n\nThe Marmer was a coast and geodetic survey ship that studied ocean currents. The ship was originally named the Walter Wyman, but in 1957 it was renamed the Marmer in honor of Harry S. Marmer, who was Assistant Chief of the Division of Tides and Currents of the Coast and Geodetic Survey. The Marmer was in service from 1957-1968, until it was replaced by the NOAA ship Ferrel.\n\n","\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eNOAA Ship: The Discoverer\u003c/emph\u003e\n\nThe Discoverer was an ocean research vessel built by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, which commissioned in October 1964 and delivered to the United States Government in December 1966. Over the years, Discoverer's missions included oceangraphic, meterological, and seismic research, as well as marine mammal observations. The Discoverer also proved cadet training for the California Maritime Academy and United States Naval Academy. The Discoverer was decommissioned on August 16, 1996 and is in reserve in the NOAA Pacific Fleet at Seattle.\n\nSources:\n\n\"Coast and Geodetic Survey Ships: Marmer.\"  ","\u003cextref href=\"http://www.history.noaa.gov/ships/marmer.html\"\u003ehttp://www.history.noaa.gov\u003c/extref\u003e\n\n\"Cyrus West Field.\" Wikipedia. ","\u003cextref href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrus_West_Field\"\u003ehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrus_West_Field\u003c/extref\u003e\n\n\"First transatlantic cable completed.\" This Day in History, August 5. History.com. ","\u003cextref href=\"http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/first-transatlantic-telegraph-cable-completed\"\u003ehttp://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/first-transatlantic-telegraph-cable-completed\u003c/extref\u003e\n\n\"NOAA Ship Discoverer: A Brief History.\" ","\u003ca href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20120606210538/http://www.moc.noaa.gov/di/bkgrnd.htm\u0026gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20120606210538/http://www.moc.noaa.gov/di/bkgrnd.htm\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;%20%20\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003eNOAAS Discoverer (R 102).\" Wikipedia. ","\u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOAAS_Discoverer_%28R_102%29\"\u003ehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOAAS_Discoverer_%28R_102%29\u003c/a\u003e\n\n\"Transatlantic telegraph cable.\" Wikipedia. ","\u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transatlantic_telegraph_cable\"\u003ehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transatlantic_telegraph_cable\u003c/a\u003e\n\nNote written by Kathleen Smith  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Transatlantic Telegraph Connection","USCG Ship: The Marmer","NOAA Ship: The Discoverer","http://www.history.noaa.gov","http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrus_West_Field","http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/first-transatlantic-telegraph-cable-completed","http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOAAS_Discoverer_%28R_102%29","http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transatlantic_telegraph_cable"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Item [insert number and title], Transatlantic Cable Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Item [insert number and title], Transatlantic Cable Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Transatlantic Cable Collection consists of four items: a framed segment of cable used in the first transatlantic telegraph connection, 1858; a document certifying the cable's authenticity; a photograph of the USCG ship Marmer\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003e,\u003c/emph\u003e 1959; and an undated photograph of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's ship, Discoverer.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Transatlantic Cable Collection consists of four items: a framed segment of cable used in the first transatlantic telegraph connection, 1858; a document certifying the cable's authenticity; a photograph of the USCG ship Marmer, 1959; and an undated photograph of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's ship, Discoverer."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_86c7c216530108b8a98b59d38b5e7e23\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eSmall collection of items related to the Atlantic Ocean: A framed segment of cable used in the first transatlantic telegraph connection, 1858; a document certifying the cable's authenticity; a photograph of the USCG ship Marmer\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003e,\u003c/emph\u003e 1959 and an undated photograph of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's ship Discoverer.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Small collection of items related to the Atlantic Ocean: A framed segment of cable used in the first transatlantic telegraph connection, 1858; a document certifying the cable's authenticity; a photograph of the USCG ship Marmer, 1959 and an undated photograph of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's ship Discoverer."],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Discoverer (Ship)","Marmer (Ship)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Discoverer (Ship)","Marmer (Ship)"],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Discoverer (Ship)","Marmer (Ship)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":5,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:36.932Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_61"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Old Dominion University","value":"Old Dominion University","hits":636},"links":{"remove":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1928\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Old+Dominion+University"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1928\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Old+Dominion+University"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"A. 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