{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026page=2481\u0026view=list","prev":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026page=2480\u0026view=list","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026page=2481\u0026view=list"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":2481,"next_page":null,"prev_page":2480,"total_pages":2481,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":24800,"total_count":24805,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1367","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Zona Gale Letters","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_1367#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Gale, Zona, 1874-1938","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_1367#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eLetters, 7 June 1924 and 26 July 1934, of Zona Gale to Henry Seidel Canby, editor of the \u003cem\u003eSaturday Review\u003c/em\u003e, concerning his assuming the editorship and requesting a copy of the magazine containing her article, \"Note to Novel Readers.\"\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_1367#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1367","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1367","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1367","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1367","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_1367.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Gale, Zona Letters","title_ssm":["Zona Gale Letters"],"title_tesim":["Zona Gale Letters"],"unitdate_ssm":["1924, 1934"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1924, 1934"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 01100","/repositories/2/resources/1367"],"text":["SC 01100","/repositories/2/resources/1367","Zona Gale Letters","Women authors, American--20th century","Correspondence","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Zona Gale (1874-1938) was an American writer. Born in Portage, Wisconsin, which she often used as a setting in her writing, she attended Wayland Academy in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin. Later she entered the University of Wisconsin-Madison, from which she received a Bachelor of Literature degree in 1895, and four years later a Master's degree. After graduation, Gale wrote for newspapers in Milwaukee and New York City. However, before long she gave up journalism to focus on fiction writing. She then published her first novel, Romance Island (1906), and began the very popular series of \"Friendship Village\" stories. In 1912, Gale moved back to Portage, which she would call home for the rest of her life, although alternating with trips to New York. In 1920, she published the novel Miss Lulu Bett, which depicts life in the Midwestern United States. She adapted it as a play, which was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Drama in 1921. In the same year, Gale took an active role in the creation of the Wisconsin Equal Rights Law, which prohibits discrimination against women. Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki:  .","Processed by Ellen Strong in 1995.","Letters, 7 June 1924 and 26 July 1934, of Zona Gale to Henry Seidel Canby, editor of the  Saturday Review , concerning his assuming the editorship and requesting a copy of the magazine containing her article, \"Note to Novel Readers.\""," 2 items.","1924 June 7, Zona Gale, Portage, Wisconsin, to Dr. Henry Canby, New York. Glad he is to edit the Saturday Review and that he is taking with him this group; it was a calamity to lose the Literary Review but the event has turned out well; speaks of it to people in Madison; has sent subscription form back, 1 page.1924 July 26, Zona Gale, Portage, Wisconsin, to Dr. [Henry] Canby, no location, would like copy of Saturday Review with her article \"Note to Novel Readers\"; if not, could she have the article typed, 1 page.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","Gale, Zona, 1874-1938","Canby, Henry Seidel, 1878-1961","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 01100","/repositories/2/resources/1367"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Zona Gale Letters"],"collection_title_tesim":["Zona Gale Letters"],"collection_ssim":["Zona Gale Letters"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"creator_ssm":["Gale, Zona, 1874-1938"],"creator_ssim":["Gale, Zona, 1874-1938"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Gale, Zona, 1874-1938"],"creators_ssim":["Gale, Zona, 1874-1938"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["These letters were found inside a book in the Swem Library."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women authors, American--20th century","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women authors, American--20th century","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.01 Linear Foot"],"extent_tesim":["0.01 Linear Foot"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eZona Gale (1874-1938) was an American writer. Born in Portage, Wisconsin, which she often used as a setting in her writing, she attended Wayland Academy in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin. Later she entered the University of Wisconsin-Madison, from which she received a Bachelor of Literature degree in 1895, and four years later a Master's degree. After graduation, Gale wrote for newspapers in Milwaukee and New York City. However, before long she gave up journalism to focus on fiction writing. She then published her first novel, Romance Island (1906), and began the very popular series of \"Friendship Village\" stories. In 1912, Gale moved back to Portage, which she would call home for the rest of her life, although alternating with trips to New York. In 1920, she published the novel Miss Lulu Bett, which depicts life in the Midwestern United States. She adapted it as a play, which was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Drama in 1921. In the same year, Gale took an active role in the creation of the Wisconsin Equal Rights Law, which prohibits discrimination against women. Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: \u003cextref href=\"http://scdbwiki.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Zona_Gale\" title=\"Zona Gale\"\u003e\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information:"],"bioghist_tesim":["Zona Gale (1874-1938) was an American writer. Born in Portage, Wisconsin, which she often used as a setting in her writing, she attended Wayland Academy in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin. Later she entered the University of Wisconsin-Madison, from which she received a Bachelor of Literature degree in 1895, and four years later a Master's degree. After graduation, Gale wrote for newspapers in Milwaukee and New York City. However, before long she gave up journalism to focus on fiction writing. She then published her first novel, Romance Island (1906), and began the very popular series of \"Friendship Village\" stories. In 1912, Gale moved back to Portage, which she would call home for the rest of her life, although alternating with trips to New York. In 1920, she published the novel Miss Lulu Bett, which depicts life in the Midwestern United States. She adapted it as a play, which was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Drama in 1921. In the same year, Gale took an active role in the creation of the Wisconsin Equal Rights Law, which prohibits discrimination against women. Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki:  ."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eZona Gale Letters, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Zona Gale Letters, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Ellen Strong in 1995.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information:"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Ellen Strong in 1995."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLetters, 7 June 1924 and 26 July 1934, of Zona Gale to Henry Seidel Canby, editor of the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSaturday Review\u003c/emph\u003e, concerning his assuming the editorship and requesting a copy of the magazine containing her article, \"Note to Novel Readers.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e 2 items.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1924 June 7, Zona Gale, Portage, Wisconsin, to Dr. Henry Canby, New York. Glad he is to edit the Saturday Review and that he is taking with him this group; it was a calamity to lose the Literary Review but the event has turned out well; speaks of it to people in Madison; has sent subscription form back, 1 page.1924 July 26, Zona Gale, Portage, Wisconsin, to Dr. [Henry] Canby, no location, would like copy of Saturday Review with her article \"Note to Novel Readers\"; if not, could she have the article typed, 1 page.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Letters, 7 June 1924 and 26 July 1934, of Zona Gale to Henry Seidel Canby, editor of the  Saturday Review , concerning his assuming the editorship and requesting a copy of the magazine containing her article, \"Note to Novel Readers.\""," 2 items.","1924 June 7, Zona Gale, Portage, Wisconsin, to Dr. Henry Canby, New York. Glad he is to edit the Saturday Review and that he is taking with him this group; it was a calamity to lose the Literary Review but the event has turned out well; speaks of it to people in Madison; has sent subscription form back, 1 page.1924 July 26, Zona Gale, Portage, Wisconsin, to Dr. [Henry] Canby, no location, would like copy of Saturday Review with her article \"Note to Novel Readers\"; if not, could she have the article typed, 1 page."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Gale, Zona, 1874-1938","Canby, Henry Seidel, 1878-1961"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"names_coll_ssim":["Canby, Henry Seidel, 1878-1961"],"persname_ssim":["Gale, Zona, 1874-1938","Canby, Henry Seidel, 1878-1961"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T04:59:46.339Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1367","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1367","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1367","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1367","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_1367.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Gale, Zona Letters","title_ssm":["Zona Gale Letters"],"title_tesim":["Zona Gale Letters"],"unitdate_ssm":["1924, 1934"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1924, 1934"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 01100","/repositories/2/resources/1367"],"text":["SC 01100","/repositories/2/resources/1367","Zona Gale Letters","Women authors, American--20th century","Correspondence","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Zona Gale (1874-1938) was an American writer. Born in Portage, Wisconsin, which she often used as a setting in her writing, she attended Wayland Academy in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin. Later she entered the University of Wisconsin-Madison, from which she received a Bachelor of Literature degree in 1895, and four years later a Master's degree. After graduation, Gale wrote for newspapers in Milwaukee and New York City. However, before long she gave up journalism to focus on fiction writing. She then published her first novel, Romance Island (1906), and began the very popular series of \"Friendship Village\" stories. In 1912, Gale moved back to Portage, which she would call home for the rest of her life, although alternating with trips to New York. In 1920, she published the novel Miss Lulu Bett, which depicts life in the Midwestern United States. She adapted it as a play, which was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Drama in 1921. In the same year, Gale took an active role in the creation of the Wisconsin Equal Rights Law, which prohibits discrimination against women. Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki:  .","Processed by Ellen Strong in 1995.","Letters, 7 June 1924 and 26 July 1934, of Zona Gale to Henry Seidel Canby, editor of the  Saturday Review , concerning his assuming the editorship and requesting a copy of the magazine containing her article, \"Note to Novel Readers.\""," 2 items.","1924 June 7, Zona Gale, Portage, Wisconsin, to Dr. Henry Canby, New York. Glad he is to edit the Saturday Review and that he is taking with him this group; it was a calamity to lose the Literary Review but the event has turned out well; speaks of it to people in Madison; has sent subscription form back, 1 page.1924 July 26, Zona Gale, Portage, Wisconsin, to Dr. [Henry] Canby, no location, would like copy of Saturday Review with her article \"Note to Novel Readers\"; if not, could she have the article typed, 1 page.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","Gale, Zona, 1874-1938","Canby, Henry Seidel, 1878-1961","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 01100","/repositories/2/resources/1367"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Zona Gale Letters"],"collection_title_tesim":["Zona Gale Letters"],"collection_ssim":["Zona Gale Letters"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"creator_ssm":["Gale, Zona, 1874-1938"],"creator_ssim":["Gale, Zona, 1874-1938"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Gale, Zona, 1874-1938"],"creators_ssim":["Gale, Zona, 1874-1938"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["These letters were found inside a book in the Swem Library."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women authors, American--20th century","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women authors, American--20th century","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.01 Linear Foot"],"extent_tesim":["0.01 Linear Foot"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eZona Gale (1874-1938) was an American writer. Born in Portage, Wisconsin, which she often used as a setting in her writing, she attended Wayland Academy in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin. Later she entered the University of Wisconsin-Madison, from which she received a Bachelor of Literature degree in 1895, and four years later a Master's degree. After graduation, Gale wrote for newspapers in Milwaukee and New York City. However, before long she gave up journalism to focus on fiction writing. She then published her first novel, Romance Island (1906), and began the very popular series of \"Friendship Village\" stories. In 1912, Gale moved back to Portage, which she would call home for the rest of her life, although alternating with trips to New York. In 1920, she published the novel Miss Lulu Bett, which depicts life in the Midwestern United States. She adapted it as a play, which was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Drama in 1921. In the same year, Gale took an active role in the creation of the Wisconsin Equal Rights Law, which prohibits discrimination against women. Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: \u003cextref href=\"http://scdbwiki.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Zona_Gale\" title=\"Zona Gale\"\u003e\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information:"],"bioghist_tesim":["Zona Gale (1874-1938) was an American writer. Born in Portage, Wisconsin, which she often used as a setting in her writing, she attended Wayland Academy in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin. Later she entered the University of Wisconsin-Madison, from which she received a Bachelor of Literature degree in 1895, and four years later a Master's degree. After graduation, Gale wrote for newspapers in Milwaukee and New York City. However, before long she gave up journalism to focus on fiction writing. She then published her first novel, Romance Island (1906), and began the very popular series of \"Friendship Village\" stories. In 1912, Gale moved back to Portage, which she would call home for the rest of her life, although alternating with trips to New York. In 1920, she published the novel Miss Lulu Bett, which depicts life in the Midwestern United States. She adapted it as a play, which was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Drama in 1921. In the same year, Gale took an active role in the creation of the Wisconsin Equal Rights Law, which prohibits discrimination against women. Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki:  ."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eZona Gale Letters, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Zona Gale Letters, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Ellen Strong in 1995.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information:"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Ellen Strong in 1995."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLetters, 7 June 1924 and 26 July 1934, of Zona Gale to Henry Seidel Canby, editor of the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSaturday Review\u003c/emph\u003e, concerning his assuming the editorship and requesting a copy of the magazine containing her article, \"Note to Novel Readers.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e 2 items.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1924 June 7, Zona Gale, Portage, Wisconsin, to Dr. Henry Canby, New York. Glad he is to edit the Saturday Review and that he is taking with him this group; it was a calamity to lose the Literary Review but the event has turned out well; speaks of it to people in Madison; has sent subscription form back, 1 page.1924 July 26, Zona Gale, Portage, Wisconsin, to Dr. [Henry] Canby, no location, would like copy of Saturday Review with her article \"Note to Novel Readers\"; if not, could she have the article typed, 1 page.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Letters, 7 June 1924 and 26 July 1934, of Zona Gale to Henry Seidel Canby, editor of the  Saturday Review , concerning his assuming the editorship and requesting a copy of the magazine containing her article, \"Note to Novel Readers.\""," 2 items.","1924 June 7, Zona Gale, Portage, Wisconsin, to Dr. Henry Canby, New York. Glad he is to edit the Saturday Review and that he is taking with him this group; it was a calamity to lose the Literary Review but the event has turned out well; speaks of it to people in Madison; has sent subscription form back, 1 page.1924 July 26, Zona Gale, Portage, Wisconsin, to Dr. [Henry] Canby, no location, would like copy of Saturday Review with her article \"Note to Novel Readers\"; if not, could she have the article typed, 1 page."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Gale, Zona, 1874-1938","Canby, Henry Seidel, 1878-1961"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"names_coll_ssim":["Canby, Henry Seidel, 1878-1961"],"persname_ssim":["Gale, Zona, 1874-1938","Canby, Henry Seidel, 1878-1961"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T04:59:46.339Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_1367"}},{"id":"viu_viu00223_c01_c02","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Zona Galeto \n                  Emily Hale","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_viu00223_c01_c02#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003e[Refuses to take royalty for play; donates it through Hale to the Women's Guild. ]\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_viu00223_c01_c02#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_viu00223_c01_c02","ref_ssm":["viu_viu00223_c01_c02"],"id":"viu_viu00223_c01_c02","ead_ssi":"viu_viu00223","_root_":"viu_viu00223","_nest_parent_":"viu_viu00223_c01","parent_ssi":"viu_viu00223_c01","parent_ssim":["viu_viu00223","viu_viu00223_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_viu00223","viu_viu00223_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Zona Gale Collection","Letters"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Zona Gale Collection","Letters"],"text":["Zona Gale Collection","Letters","Zona Galeto \n                  Emily Hale","Women's Guild","Zona Gale","Emily Hale","[Refuses to take royalty for play; donates it\n                  through Hale to the \n                   Women's Guild . ]"],"title_filing_ssi":"Zona Gale to \n                   Emily Hale","title_ssm":["Zona Galeto \n                  Emily Hale"],"title_tesim":["Zona Galeto \n                  Emily Hale"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1924 Aug 24"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1924"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Zona Galeto \n                  Emily Hale"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Zona Gale Collection"],"extent_ssm":["1 p."],"extent_tesim":["1 p."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":3,"date_range_isim":[1924],"names_ssim":["Women's Guild","Zona Gale","Emily Hale"],"corpname_ssim":["Women's Guild"],"persname_ssim":["Zona Gale","Emily Hale"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Refuses to take royalty for play; donates it\n                  through Hale to the \n                  \u003ccorpname\u003eWomen's Guild\u003c/corpname\u003e. ]\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_tesim":["[Refuses to take royalty for play; donates it\n                  through Hale to the \n                   Women's Guild . ]"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#1","timestamp":"2026-05-21T12:19:28.466Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_viu00223","ead_ssi":"viu_viu00223","_root_":"viu_viu00223","_nest_parent_":"viu_viu00223","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/uva-sc/viu00223.xml","title_ssm":["Zona Gale Collection"],"title_tesim":["Zona Gale Collection"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["7763-b"],"text":["7763-b","Zona Gale Collection","8 items","Collection is open to research.","Funded in part by a grant from the National Endowment\n            for the Humanities","[Promises to send three pamphlets and suggestions\n                  for half a dozen \"short programmes.\"]","[Refuses to take royalty for play; donates it\n                  through Hale to the \n                   Women's Guild . ]","[Promises to send an outline; hopes that the proof\n                  with corrections came in time.]","[Contains quotations from \n                   Gelett Burgess ' \n                   Are You A Bromide? ; contains\n                  quotations from \n                   Anne Douglas Sedgwick 's \n                   Adrienne Toner and samples of Gale's\n                  own collection of glib, thoughtless utterances heard\n                  everywhere and catch phrases from years past;\n                  criticizes the fashion of repeating catch phrases and\n                  of people's presenting them as their own ideas, and\n                  acting on these sentiments.]","[Says she has not sent Bridges the introduction;\n                  asks if she should send it by day letter.]","[Recollects a charming evening; thanks him for the\n                  note he wrote; mentions Mr. Bridgman.]","[Expresses thanks for a book; apologizes for not\n                  having written sooner.]","[Expresses appreciation for sending her some\n                  material, especially maps; mentions an upcoming\n                  luncheon with him.]","See the \n             \n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy.","","University of Virginia. Library. Special\n            Collections Dept.","Women's Guild","Zona Gale","Mabel Beeman","Emily Hale","Robert Bridges","Frederick L. Allen","Gelett Burgess","Anne Douglas Sedgwick","C. T. Brainard","English"],"unitid_tesim":["7763-b"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Zona Gale Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Zona Gale Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Zona Gale Collection"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":[""],"creator_ssim":[""],"acqinfo_ssim":["Deposit [ \n             1963 Dec 17 ] \n             1971 Jan 6"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["8 items"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eZona Gale\n            Collection, Accession 7763-b, Special Collections Department, University of\n         Virginia Library\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Zona Gale\n            Collection, Accession 7763-b, Special Collections Department, University of\n         Virginia Library"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFunded in part by a grant from the National Endowment\n            for the Humanities\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Funding Note"],"processinfo_tesim":["Funded in part by a grant from the National Endowment\n            for the Humanities"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Promises to send three pamphlets and suggestions\n                  for half a dozen \"short programmes.\"]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Refuses to take royalty for play; donates it\n                  through Hale to the \n                  \u003ccorpname\u003eWomen's Guild\u003c/corpname\u003e. ]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Promises to send an outline; hopes that the proof\n                  with corrections came in time.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Contains quotations from \n                  \u003cpersname\u003eGelett Burgess\u003c/persname\u003e' \n                  \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eAre You A Bromide?\u003c/bibref\u003e; contains\n                  quotations from \n                  \u003cpersname\u003eAnne Douglas Sedgwick\u003c/persname\u003e's \n                  \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eAdrienne Toner\u003c/bibref\u003eand samples of Gale's\n                  own collection of glib, thoughtless utterances heard\n                  everywhere and catch phrases from years past;\n                  criticizes the fashion of repeating catch phrases and\n                  of people's presenting them as their own ideas, and\n                  acting on these sentiments.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Says she has not sent Bridges the introduction;\n                  asks if she should send it by day letter.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Recollects a charming evening; thanks him for the\n                  note he wrote; mentions Mr. Bridgman.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Expresses thanks for a book; apologizes for not\n                  having written sooner.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Expresses appreciation for sending her some\n                  material, especially maps; mentions an upcoming\n                  luncheon with him.]\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_tesim":["[Promises to send three pamphlets and suggestions\n                  for half a dozen \"short programmes.\"]","[Refuses to take royalty for play; donates it\n                  through Hale to the \n                   Women's Guild . ]","[Promises to send an outline; hopes that the proof\n                  with corrections came in time.]","[Contains quotations from \n                   Gelett Burgess ' \n                   Are You A Bromide? ; contains\n                  quotations from \n                   Anne Douglas Sedgwick 's \n                   Adrienne Toner and samples of Gale's\n                  own collection of glib, thoughtless utterances heard\n                  everywhere and catch phrases from years past;\n                  criticizes the fashion of repeating catch phrases and\n                  of people's presenting them as their own ideas, and\n                  acting on these sentiments.]","[Says she has not sent Bridges the introduction;\n                  asks if she should send it by day letter.]","[Recollects a charming evening; thanks him for the\n                  note he wrote; mentions Mr. Bridgman.]","[Expresses thanks for a book; apologizes for not\n                  having written sooner.]","[Expresses appreciation for sending her some\n                  material, especially maps; mentions an upcoming\n                  luncheon with him.]"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee the \n            \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.library.virginia.edu/policies/use-of-materials\"\u003e\n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy.\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["See the \n             \n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc/\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":[""],"names_ssim":["University of Virginia. Library. Special\n            Collections Dept.","Women's Guild","Zona Gale","Mabel Beeman","Emily Hale","Robert Bridges","Frederick L. Allen","Gelett Burgess","Anne Douglas Sedgwick","C. T. Brainard"],"corpname_ssim":["University of Virginia. Library. Special\n            Collections Dept.","Women's Guild"],"persname_ssim":["Zona Gale","Mabel Beeman","Emily Hale","Robert Bridges","Frederick L. Allen","Gelett Burgess","Anne Douglas Sedgwick","C. T. Brainard"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":9,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T12:19:28.466Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_viu00223_c01_c02"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_10016_c01_c10","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Zoo Hoo","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_10016_c01_c10#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eZoo Hoo features a racist caricature, likely depicting a blackface minstrel character, of an overwhelmed black zookeeper named Wash, who the players help in rounding up zoo animals released by a clown.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_10016_c01_c10#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_10016_c01_c10","ref_ssm":["viw_repositories_2_resources_10016_c01_c10"],"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_10016_c01_c10","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_10016","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_10016","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_10016_c01","parent_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_10016_c01","parent_ssim":["viw_repositories_2_resources_10016","viw_repositories_2_resources_10016_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viw_repositories_2_resources_10016","viw_repositories_2_resources_10016_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["David Galt Greenwald games and puzzles collection","Series 1: Board games and card games"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["David Galt Greenwald games and puzzles collection","Series 1: Board games and card games"],"text":["David Galt Greenwald games and puzzles collection","Series 1: Board games and card games","Zoo Hoo","Lubbers \u0026 Bell Mfg. Co. (Clinton, IA)","box 3","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","Zoo Hoo features a racist caricature, likely depicting a blackface minstrel character, of an overwhelmed black zookeeper named Wash, who the players help in rounding up zoo animals released by a clown."],"title_filing_ssi":"Zoo Hoo","title_ssm":["Zoo Hoo"],"title_tesim":["Zoo Hoo"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1924"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1924"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Zoo Hoo"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"collection_ssim":["David Galt Greenwald games and puzzles collection"],"creator_ssim":["Lubbers \u0026 Bell Mfg. Co. (Clinton, IA)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":11,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Use of these materials must be limited to persons using them for research and/or scholarly activites. These materials may not be sold or distributed without knowing their intended use. They are not allowed to fall into the hands of anyone who might use them to support beliefs in the superiority or inferiority of any race, creed, or ethnicity"],"date_range_isim":[1924],"names_ssim":["Lubbers \u0026 Bell Mfg. Co. (Clinton, IA)"],"corpname_ssim":["Lubbers \u0026 Bell Mfg. Co. (Clinton, IA)"],"containers_ssim":["box 3"],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eZoo Hoo features a racist caricature, likely depicting a blackface minstrel character, of an overwhelmed black zookeeper named Wash, who the players help in rounding up zoo animals released by a clown.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Zoo Hoo features a racist caricature, likely depicting a blackface minstrel character, of an overwhelmed black zookeeper named Wash, who the players help in rounding up zoo animals released by a clown."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#9","timestamp":"2026-05-21T12:30:06.480Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_10016","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_10016","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_10016","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_10016","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_10016.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Greenwald, David Galt games and puzzles collection","title_ssm":["David Galt Greenwald games and puzzles collection"],"title_tesim":["David Galt Greenwald games and puzzles collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1850-2005"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1850-2005"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS 00427","/repositories/2/resources/10016"],"text":["MS 00427","/repositories/2/resources/10016","David Galt Greenwald games and puzzles collection","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Game was sponsored by Burger King and Grolier Books in California.","Game was sponsored by Burger King and Grolier Books in California.","Game was developed by Malik Ali to demonstrate the importance of working wihtin a community to build economic and political power to children and adults. Edward Jennins, a professor at Talladega College, designed the cover, logo, and board images.","Game was featured in the Parker Brothers' 1896-1897 game catalog.","The term \"darky\" is a racist slur for black people, which peaked in use in the years between 1850-1870 and 1900-1920. The \"Little Darky Shooting Gallery\" game was featured in a 1914 Butler Brothers toy catalog.","W.S.M., standing for \"We Shield Millions\", is a radio station founded in 1925 famous for hosting \"The Grand Ol' Opry\" radio program. \"Lasses\" refers to LeRoy Robert White, a performer who became famous for his blackface minstrel shows during the early 20th century and copyright of the song \"Negro Blues\" (later renamed to include a racial slur for black people). \"Honey\" refers to Lee David Wilds, who performed alongside \"Lasses\" in blackface minstrel shows.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","The David Galt Greenwald board games and puzzles collection consists of black Americana board games, puzzles, card games, and ephemera. Series 1 consists of boxed games, puzzles, and toys, largely depicting racist caricatures, including minstrel/blackface imagery, stereotypes, propaganda, and sometimes anti-black violence. Other items in Series 1 depict black empowerment, history, heritage, culture, and collaboration. Series 2 consists of entertainment-related or associated ephemera, including paper board games and puzzles, toys, a stereoview, a watercolor booklet, Court Whist scorecards, promotional material, and pages of a 1883 almanac. The majority, but not all, of these materials likewise feature minstrel/blackface imagery and racist caricatures and stereotypes. These materials offer insight into the cohesive use and promotion of racist imagery, stereotypes, and rhetoric through entertainment media in the 19th and 20th centuries in the United States and Europe. These materials also offer insight into the use of physical entertainment media during the 20th century to educate the public about the Black Power movement, and black community, history, heritage, and empowerment. Additionally, the collection may offer insights into the sale and popularity of black Americana materials between the 19th and early 21st centuries, with at least one board game likely being a 21st century \"hoax\" using historical anti-black imagery to feign its true age.","Twenty-seven boxed board games, card games, puzzles, and toys of black americana material culture. Many of these games use racist terms, imagery, caricatures, and stereotypes of black people, some associated with blackface and minstrel performances, with two games explicitly featuring anti-black racial violence in gameplay. Other games educate  about systemic racism and oppression, black history and culture, prominent black figures in American history, and the Black Power politcal movement, often having a collaborative element.","Black Americans of Achievement: the Game is based on the Black Americans of Achievement book series highlighting the accomplishments and contributions of black Americans to society, culture, science, politics, and the arts.","Black Americans of Achievement: the Game is based on the Black Americans of Achievement book series highlighting the accomplishments and contributions of black Americans to society, culture, science, politics, and the arts.","Little Black Sambo depicts a caricature of a young black boy traversing a jungle and offering his clothes to avoid being eaten by tigers until he reaches \"civilization\" again. \"Sambo\" is a racial slur from Spanish for a person of African descent.","In Search of Identity is a educational game challenging players to answer trivia questions about black people, history, and  culture, with the intent of connecting players to their black heritage through expanded knowledge.","The X Game is a \"fight the system\" collaborative board game following Malcolm X's philosophy and the Black Power Movement.","The Black Community Game is a collaborative game meant to demonstrate the importance of black people working together in their communities to affect social, political, and economic change.","Skillets and Cakes is a token flipping game with the goal of flipping all of your \"cakes\" over first. The front of the box depicts an adult man flipping pancakes in a skillet while two children watch. It is unclear whether the adult man is supposed to be black or if there was just a darker printing for his skin, as the children are depicted with the same tone.","Snake Eyes Junior Ediiton is a competitive dice and chip-collecting game with some cards and imagery containing racist caricatures and stereotypes of black people compared to depictions of white people on other cards.","The Watermelon Puzzle game promotes anti-black stereotypes and features a racist caricature of a black man eating watermelon, an image historically used as propaganda depicting black people as childish and/or \"unclean\".","Zoo Hoo features a racist caricature, likely depicting a blackface minstrel character, of an overwhelmed black zookeeper named Wash, who the players help in rounding up zoo animals released by a clown.","Poor Jenny is a \"chutes and ladders\" type game depicting racist caricatures of black children and the \"black Mammy\" stereotype, historically used to promote the myth that black enslaved women were happy serving white \"masters\" despite their abuse.","Puzzle Picture and Cutout Objects is a children's jigsaw puzzle game featuring a racist depiction of an African man running away from a lion and a reductive depiction of Africa with the Egyptian Pyramids next to a desert and wooden dwelling.","Watch on De Rind depicts racist caricatures and stereotypes of black children eating watermelon, with the objective of catapaulting balls into their \"mouths\".","Unocando (\"You-no-can-do\") is a numbered tile shuffling game depicting racist caricatures of two African people playing the game and speaking gibberish, with verbiage mocking African languages and/or black and African English speakers.","The Darky Shooting Gallery models anti-black violence, consisting of a spring coil \"gun\" players use to shoot \"bullets\" at cutouts of black people, depicted in racist and stereotyped caricatures.","Darkies in the Melon Patch is a \"chutes and ladders\" type game using racist language and imagery of racist and stereotyped caricatures of black people navigating a watermelon patch and avoiding a white farmer aiming at them with a gun. This game appears to be a 21st century counterfeit/hoax of black americana material culture. The copyright information provided claims the game was copyrighted in 1932 by a \"Hudson Brothers\" company at \"127 42nd Street, Buffalo, NY\", though no such company or location appears to exist, and other sources have given copyright dates as early as 1910. The images on the box cover and game board appear to have been digitally printed and some have computer graphics imposed on images dated to various years between 1910 and 1940.","Snake Eyes is a competitive dice and chip-collecting game with some cards and imagery containing racist caricatures and stereotypes of black people compared to depictions of white people on other cards.","Schwarzer Pieter is an \"Old Maid\" type game featuring a blackface minstrel character original from Belgium and Netherlands named \"Black Pete\", who is an assistant to Saint Nicholas and a racist caricature of a black person.","Swahili is a mancala-like game modeled, and possibly appropriated, from the game of Bao from East Africa.","Blacks \u0026 Whites models the contemporary racism, oppression, and systemic inequalities black people face in American society, highlighting the socioeconomic and political disparities between black and white Americans. The creators noted that, while the game was meant to simulate racial disparity to white and privileged players, test players rewrote the rules of play to make game outcomes more equitable and fair between races.","Blacks \u0026 Whites models the contemporary racism, oppression, and systemic inequalities black people face in American society, highlighting the socioeconomic and political disparities between black and white Americans. The creators noted that, while the game was meant to simulate racial disparity to white and privileged players, test players rewrote the rules of play to make game outcomes more equitable and fair between races.","Bimbo Ringo is a ring toss game featuring a racist caricature of an African man with the ring hooks depicted as different adornments on the person's face and weapons.","Die Seefarher in Africa/Les Marins en Afrique is a German-French game with the objective of collecting or pillaging treasure from African port cities as sailors hailing from colonialist powers. May be a reproduction.","In Dixieland is a rummy-like card game with images of black children and adults living in the south, often in impoverished conditions and framed according to racist stereotypes.","Knock Knock is a card game similar to Uno depicting a racist minstrel-like caricature on the box cover.","The Race Card is a standard 52 playing card deck with black people and fashions depicted on the face cards.","Zwarte Piet is an \"Old Maid\" type game featuring a blackface minstrel character original from Belgium and Netherlands named \"Black Pete\", who is an assistant to Saint Nicholas and a racist caricature of a black person.","Seven folders containing pieces of black americana ephemera that largely use anti-black language, caricatures, and imagery to promote racist stereotypes of black people.","The \"Mammy Memo\" is a plastic notepad and pencil/pen holder shaped in the form of the racist, stereotyped \"Mammy\" caricature. The exact creator could not be identified, but similar products were copyrighted by Hampden Novelty Mfg, Inc.","The Oldest Game Known depicts racist caricatures of two black men playing with dice on the box cover. The box contains a metal pot painted purple, but there are no instructions wherein.","The Magic-Masks consists of rubber pieces shaped like exaggerated facial features with a racist caricature of a black person on the box cover. This toy was made in Japan, but no instructions or further information could be identified.","Five porcelain figurines, four of which depict minstrel-like caricatures of black musicians playing different instruments, and one shaped like a rudimentary hut with two African individuals on the front with little to no clothing.","Four pages (printed on one sheet of folded paper) from \"Frank Leslie's Illustrated Family Almanac fro 1883\", with one page featuring the print \"The Shark Fisheries Near New Smyrna, Florida\" that depicts racist caricatures of black men working in teams to pull live sharks to shore.","A stereoview titled \"A Skin Game Nabbed\" that features black men playing poker with one pointing a gun at the other players, propogating a racist stereotype of black men as violent cheaters. The stereoview claims to have been made for \"The 'Perfec' Stereograph\".","\"Painting the House that Jack Built\" is a watercoloring booklet with paint squares stapled in the middle of the book, featuring a copyrighted \"Dutch Boy\" character that promotes the purchase of paint from the National Lead Company, who persists against different weather conditions with faces. It is unclear whether any of the weather conditions represent racist caricatures of black people.","Promotional material for W.S.M. depicting two minstrel performers, \"Lasses\" and \"Honey\", in blackface on a \"Seasons Greetings\" card.","Two scoring cards for Court Whist signed by a \"Mrs. Napper\" and an \"A Napper\", which were associated with the \"Lasses and Honey\" W.S.M. promotional card.","Robertson's Golliwog Game of Snakes and Ladders is a chutes and ladders game featuring multiple racist, gnome-like caricatures called Golliwogs on the game cover and paper game board. Golliwog was a trademark for the James Robertson \u0026 Sons jam-manufacturing company between 1910 and the 1960s.","Pieces of paper, presumably from medicine packaging, that make up a Trick Donkey game depicting a racist caricature of a black man and a clown as the riders.","An advertisement for Bridge Party depicting a racist \"Mammy\" caricature misunderstanding suggestive terms used for the game in a fake AAVE dialect. This ad is possible reproduction of an ad printed by the Lee Novelty Co. of Fort Payne, AL.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Use of these materials must be limited to persons using them for research and/or scholarly activites. These materials may not be sold or distributed without knowing their intended use. They are not allowed to fall into the hands of anyone who might use them to support beliefs in the superiority or inferiority of any race, creed, or ethnicity","Special Collections Research Center","BAOA, Inc.","Cadaco-Ellis (Chicago, IL)","Identity Toys, Inc. (Milwaukee, WI)","Motherland, Inc. (Boston, MA)","Milton Bradley Co.","Selchow \u0026 Righter Co. (New York, NY)","Parker Brothers (Salem, MA)","Lubbers \u0026 Bell Mfg. Co. (Clinton, IA)","E. E. Fairchild Corporation","Goezte Game Co. (Plymouth, WI)","J. W. Spear \u0026 Sons (London, UK)","Psychology Today Games (Del Mar, CA)","G. H. Robinson Company (Chicago, IL)","Bermann \u0026 Sohn","The Fireside Game Co. (Cincinnati, OH)","Chad Valley Co., Ltd.","The Concept Card Co. (New Orleans, LA)","Hampden Novelty Mfg, Inc.","H Fishlove \u0026 Co.","Frank Leslie Publishing House","H. C. White Co. (North Bennington, VT)","National Lead Company","O.C. Harn","John W. Brophy Co. (Westerly, RI)","English Dutch; Flemish German French"],"unitid_tesim":["MS 00427","/repositories/2/resources/10016"],"normalized_title_ssm":["David Galt Greenwald games and puzzles collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["David Galt Greenwald games and puzzles collection"],"collection_ssim":["David Galt Greenwald games and puzzles collection"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Use of these materials must be limited to persons using them for research and/or scholarly activites. These materials may not be sold or distributed without knowing their intended use. They are not allowed to fall into the hands of anyone who might use them to support beliefs in the superiority or inferiority of any race, creed, or ethnicity"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["8 Boxes Five oversize boxes, one half Hollinger box, and two rectangle artifact boxes"],"extent_tesim":["8 Boxes Five oversize boxes, one half Hollinger box, and two rectangle artifact boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGame was sponsored by Burger King and Grolier Books in California.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGame was sponsored by Burger King and Grolier Books in California.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGame was developed by Malik Ali to demonstrate the importance of working wihtin a community to build economic and political power to children and adults. Edward Jennins, a professor at Talladega College, designed the cover, logo, and board images.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGame was featured in the Parker Brothers' 1896-1897 game catalog.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe term \"darky\" is a racist slur for black people, which peaked in use in the years between 1850-1870 and 1900-1920. The \"Little Darky Shooting Gallery\" game was featured in a 1914 Butler Brothers toy catalog.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eW.S.M., standing for \"We Shield Millions\", is a radio station founded in 1925 famous for hosting \"The Grand Ol' Opry\" radio program. \"Lasses\" refers to LeRoy Robert White, a performer who became famous for his blackface minstrel shows during the early 20th century and copyright of the song \"Negro Blues\" (later renamed to include a racial slur for black people). \"Honey\" refers to Lee David Wilds, who performed alongside \"Lasses\" in blackface minstrel shows.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Game was sponsored by Burger King and Grolier Books in California.","Game was sponsored by Burger King and Grolier Books in California.","Game was developed by Malik Ali to demonstrate the importance of working wihtin a community to build economic and political power to children and adults. Edward Jennins, a professor at Talladega College, designed the cover, logo, and board images.","Game was featured in the Parker Brothers' 1896-1897 game catalog.","The term \"darky\" is a racist slur for black people, which peaked in use in the years between 1850-1870 and 1900-1920. The \"Little Darky Shooting Gallery\" game was featured in a 1914 Butler Brothers toy catalog.","W.S.M., standing for \"We Shield Millions\", is a radio station founded in 1925 famous for hosting \"The Grand Ol' Opry\" radio program. \"Lasses\" refers to LeRoy Robert White, a performer who became famous for his blackface minstrel shows during the early 20th century and copyright of the song \"Negro Blues\" (later renamed to include a racial slur for black people). \"Honey\" refers to Lee David Wilds, who performed alongside \"Lasses\" in blackface minstrel shows."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General"],"odd_tesim":["William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDavid Galt Greenwald games and puzzles collection, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026amp; Mary Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["David Galt Greenwald games and puzzles collection, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026 Mary Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe David Galt Greenwald board games and puzzles collection consists of black Americana board games, puzzles, card games, and ephemera. Series 1 consists of boxed games, puzzles, and toys, largely depicting racist caricatures, including minstrel/blackface imagery, stereotypes, propaganda, and sometimes anti-black violence. Other items in Series 1 depict black empowerment, history, heritage, culture, and collaboration. Series 2 consists of entertainment-related or associated ephemera, including paper board games and puzzles, toys, a stereoview, a watercolor booklet, Court Whist scorecards, promotional material, and pages of a 1883 almanac. The majority, but not all, of these materials likewise feature minstrel/blackface imagery and racist caricatures and stereotypes. These materials offer insight into the cohesive use and promotion of racist imagery, stereotypes, and rhetoric through entertainment media in the 19th and 20th centuries in the United States and Europe. These materials also offer insight into the use of physical entertainment media during the 20th century to educate the public about the Black Power movement, and black community, history, heritage, and empowerment. Additionally, the collection may offer insights into the sale and popularity of black Americana materials between the 19th and early 21st centuries, with at least one board game likely being a 21st century \"hoax\" using historical anti-black imagery to feign its true age.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwenty-seven boxed board games, card games, puzzles, and toys of black americana material culture. Many of these games use racist terms, imagery, caricatures, and stereotypes of black people, some associated with blackface and minstrel performances, with two games explicitly featuring anti-black racial violence in gameplay. Other games educate  about systemic racism and oppression, black history and culture, prominent black figures in American history, and the Black Power politcal movement, often having a collaborative element.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack Americans of Achievement: the Game is based on the Black Americans of Achievement book series highlighting the accomplishments and contributions of black Americans to society, culture, science, politics, and the arts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack Americans of Achievement: the Game is based on the Black Americans of Achievement book series highlighting the accomplishments and contributions of black Americans to society, culture, science, politics, and the arts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLittle Black Sambo depicts a caricature of a young black boy traversing a jungle and offering his clothes to avoid being eaten by tigers until he reaches \"civilization\" again. \"Sambo\" is a racial slur from Spanish for a person of African descent.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn Search of Identity is a educational game challenging players to answer trivia questions about black people, history, and  culture, with the intent of connecting players to their black heritage through expanded knowledge.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe X Game is a \"fight the system\" collaborative board game following Malcolm X's philosophy and the Black Power Movement.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Black Community Game is a collaborative game meant to demonstrate the importance of black people working together in their communities to affect social, political, and economic change.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSkillets and Cakes is a token flipping game with the goal of flipping all of your \"cakes\" over first. The front of the box depicts an adult man flipping pancakes in a skillet while two children watch. It is unclear whether the adult man is supposed to be black or if there was just a darker printing for his skin, as the children are depicted with the same tone.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSnake Eyes Junior Ediiton is a competitive dice and chip-collecting game with some cards and imagery containing racist caricatures and stereotypes of black people compared to depictions of white people on other cards.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Watermelon Puzzle game promotes anti-black stereotypes and features a racist caricature of a black man eating watermelon, an image historically used as propaganda depicting black people as childish and/or \"unclean\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eZoo Hoo features a racist caricature, likely depicting a blackface minstrel character, of an overwhelmed black zookeeper named Wash, who the players help in rounding up zoo animals released by a clown.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePoor Jenny is a \"chutes and ladders\" type game depicting racist caricatures of black children and the \"black Mammy\" stereotype, historically used to promote the myth that black enslaved women were happy serving white \"masters\" despite their abuse.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePuzzle Picture and Cutout Objects is a children's jigsaw puzzle game featuring a racist depiction of an African man running away from a lion and a reductive depiction of Africa with the Egyptian Pyramids next to a desert and wooden dwelling.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWatch on De Rind depicts racist caricatures and stereotypes of black children eating watermelon, with the objective of catapaulting balls into their \"mouths\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUnocando (\"You-no-can-do\") is a numbered tile shuffling game depicting racist caricatures of two African people playing the game and speaking gibberish, with verbiage mocking African languages and/or black and African English speakers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Darky Shooting Gallery models anti-black violence, consisting of a spring coil \"gun\" players use to shoot \"bullets\" at cutouts of black people, depicted in racist and stereotyped caricatures.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDarkies in the Melon Patch is a \"chutes and ladders\" type game using racist language and imagery of racist and stereotyped caricatures of black people navigating a watermelon patch and avoiding a white farmer aiming at them with a gun. This game appears to be a 21st century counterfeit/hoax of black americana material culture. The copyright information provided claims the game was copyrighted in 1932 by a \"Hudson Brothers\" company at \"127 42nd Street, Buffalo, NY\", though no such company or location appears to exist, and other sources have given copyright dates as early as 1910. The images on the box cover and game board appear to have been digitally printed and some have computer graphics imposed on images dated to various years between 1910 and 1940.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSnake Eyes is a competitive dice and chip-collecting game with some cards and imagery containing racist caricatures and stereotypes of black people compared to depictions of white people on other cards.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSchwarzer Pieter is an \"Old Maid\" type game featuring a blackface minstrel character original from Belgium and Netherlands named \"Black Pete\", who is an assistant to Saint Nicholas and a racist caricature of a black person.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSwahili is a mancala-like game modeled, and possibly appropriated, from the game of Bao from East Africa.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlacks \u0026amp; Whites models the contemporary racism, oppression, and systemic inequalities black people face in American society, highlighting the socioeconomic and political disparities between black and white Americans. The creators noted that, while the game was meant to simulate racial disparity to white and privileged players, test players rewrote the rules of play to make game outcomes more equitable and fair between races.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlacks \u0026amp; Whites models the contemporary racism, oppression, and systemic inequalities black people face in American society, highlighting the socioeconomic and political disparities between black and white Americans. The creators noted that, while the game was meant to simulate racial disparity to white and privileged players, test players rewrote the rules of play to make game outcomes more equitable and fair between races.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBimbo Ringo is a ring toss game featuring a racist caricature of an African man with the ring hooks depicted as different adornments on the person's face and weapons.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDie Seefarher in Africa/Les Marins en Afrique is a German-French game with the objective of collecting or pillaging treasure from African port cities as sailors hailing from colonialist powers. May be a reproduction.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn Dixieland is a rummy-like card game with images of black children and adults living in the south, often in impoverished conditions and framed according to racist stereotypes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eKnock Knock is a card game similar to Uno depicting a racist minstrel-like caricature on the box cover.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Race Card is a standard 52 playing card deck with black people and fashions depicted on the face cards.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eZwarte Piet is an \"Old Maid\" type game featuring a blackface minstrel character original from Belgium and Netherlands named \"Black Pete\", who is an assistant to Saint Nicholas and a racist caricature of a black person.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeven folders containing pieces of black americana ephemera that largely use anti-black language, caricatures, and imagery to promote racist stereotypes of black people.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \"Mammy Memo\" is a plastic notepad and pencil/pen holder shaped in the form of the racist, stereotyped \"Mammy\" caricature. The exact creator could not be identified, but similar products were copyrighted by Hampden Novelty Mfg, Inc.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Oldest Game Known depicts racist caricatures of two black men playing with dice on the box cover. The box contains a metal pot painted purple, but there are no instructions wherein.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Magic-Masks consists of rubber pieces shaped like exaggerated facial features with a racist caricature of a black person on the box cover. This toy was made in Japan, but no instructions or further information could be identified.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFive porcelain figurines, four of which depict minstrel-like caricatures of black musicians playing different instruments, and one shaped like a rudimentary hut with two African individuals on the front with little to no clothing.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFour pages (printed on one sheet of folded paper) from \"Frank Leslie's Illustrated Family Almanac fro 1883\", with one page featuring the print \"The Shark Fisheries Near New Smyrna, Florida\" that depicts racist caricatures of black men working in teams to pull live sharks to shore.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA stereoview titled \"A Skin Game Nabbed\" that features black men playing poker with one pointing a gun at the other players, propogating a racist stereotype of black men as violent cheaters. The stereoview claims to have been made for \"The 'Perfec' Stereograph\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Painting the House that Jack Built\" is a watercoloring booklet with paint squares stapled in the middle of the book, featuring a copyrighted \"Dutch Boy\" character that promotes the purchase of paint from the National Lead Company, who persists against different weather conditions with faces. It is unclear whether any of the weather conditions represent racist caricatures of black people.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePromotional material for W.S.M. depicting two minstrel performers, \"Lasses\" and \"Honey\", in blackface on a \"Seasons Greetings\" card.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo scoring cards for Court Whist signed by a \"Mrs. Napper\" and an \"A Napper\", which were associated with the \"Lasses and Honey\" W.S.M. promotional card.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRobertson's Golliwog Game of Snakes and Ladders is a chutes and ladders game featuring multiple racist, gnome-like caricatures called Golliwogs on the game cover and paper game board. Golliwog was a trademark for the James Robertson \u0026amp; Sons jam-manufacturing company between 1910 and the 1960s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePieces of paper, presumably from medicine packaging, that make up a Trick Donkey game depicting a racist caricature of a black man and a clown as the riders.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn advertisement for Bridge Party depicting a racist \"Mammy\" caricature misunderstanding suggestive terms used for the game in a fake AAVE dialect. This ad is possible reproduction of an ad printed by the Lee Novelty Co. of Fort Payne, AL.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The David Galt Greenwald board games and puzzles collection consists of black Americana board games, puzzles, card games, and ephemera. Series 1 consists of boxed games, puzzles, and toys, largely depicting racist caricatures, including minstrel/blackface imagery, stereotypes, propaganda, and sometimes anti-black violence. Other items in Series 1 depict black empowerment, history, heritage, culture, and collaboration. Series 2 consists of entertainment-related or associated ephemera, including paper board games and puzzles, toys, a stereoview, a watercolor booklet, Court Whist scorecards, promotional material, and pages of a 1883 almanac. The majority, but not all, of these materials likewise feature minstrel/blackface imagery and racist caricatures and stereotypes. These materials offer insight into the cohesive use and promotion of racist imagery, stereotypes, and rhetoric through entertainment media in the 19th and 20th centuries in the United States and Europe. These materials also offer insight into the use of physical entertainment media during the 20th century to educate the public about the Black Power movement, and black community, history, heritage, and empowerment. Additionally, the collection may offer insights into the sale and popularity of black Americana materials between the 19th and early 21st centuries, with at least one board game likely being a 21st century \"hoax\" using historical anti-black imagery to feign its true age.","Twenty-seven boxed board games, card games, puzzles, and toys of black americana material culture. Many of these games use racist terms, imagery, caricatures, and stereotypes of black people, some associated with blackface and minstrel performances, with two games explicitly featuring anti-black racial violence in gameplay. Other games educate  about systemic racism and oppression, black history and culture, prominent black figures in American history, and the Black Power politcal movement, often having a collaborative element.","Black Americans of Achievement: the Game is based on the Black Americans of Achievement book series highlighting the accomplishments and contributions of black Americans to society, culture, science, politics, and the arts.","Black Americans of Achievement: the Game is based on the Black Americans of Achievement book series highlighting the accomplishments and contributions of black Americans to society, culture, science, politics, and the arts.","Little Black Sambo depicts a caricature of a young black boy traversing a jungle and offering his clothes to avoid being eaten by tigers until he reaches \"civilization\" again. \"Sambo\" is a racial slur from Spanish for a person of African descent.","In Search of Identity is a educational game challenging players to answer trivia questions about black people, history, and  culture, with the intent of connecting players to their black heritage through expanded knowledge.","The X Game is a \"fight the system\" collaborative board game following Malcolm X's philosophy and the Black Power Movement.","The Black Community Game is a collaborative game meant to demonstrate the importance of black people working together in their communities to affect social, political, and economic change.","Skillets and Cakes is a token flipping game with the goal of flipping all of your \"cakes\" over first. The front of the box depicts an adult man flipping pancakes in a skillet while two children watch. It is unclear whether the adult man is supposed to be black or if there was just a darker printing for his skin, as the children are depicted with the same tone.","Snake Eyes Junior Ediiton is a competitive dice and chip-collecting game with some cards and imagery containing racist caricatures and stereotypes of black people compared to depictions of white people on other cards.","The Watermelon Puzzle game promotes anti-black stereotypes and features a racist caricature of a black man eating watermelon, an image historically used as propaganda depicting black people as childish and/or \"unclean\".","Zoo Hoo features a racist caricature, likely depicting a blackface minstrel character, of an overwhelmed black zookeeper named Wash, who the players help in rounding up zoo animals released by a clown.","Poor Jenny is a \"chutes and ladders\" type game depicting racist caricatures of black children and the \"black Mammy\" stereotype, historically used to promote the myth that black enslaved women were happy serving white \"masters\" despite their abuse.","Puzzle Picture and Cutout Objects is a children's jigsaw puzzle game featuring a racist depiction of an African man running away from a lion and a reductive depiction of Africa with the Egyptian Pyramids next to a desert and wooden dwelling.","Watch on De Rind depicts racist caricatures and stereotypes of black children eating watermelon, with the objective of catapaulting balls into their \"mouths\".","Unocando (\"You-no-can-do\") is a numbered tile shuffling game depicting racist caricatures of two African people playing the game and speaking gibberish, with verbiage mocking African languages and/or black and African English speakers.","The Darky Shooting Gallery models anti-black violence, consisting of a spring coil \"gun\" players use to shoot \"bullets\" at cutouts of black people, depicted in racist and stereotyped caricatures.","Darkies in the Melon Patch is a \"chutes and ladders\" type game using racist language and imagery of racist and stereotyped caricatures of black people navigating a watermelon patch and avoiding a white farmer aiming at them with a gun. This game appears to be a 21st century counterfeit/hoax of black americana material culture. The copyright information provided claims the game was copyrighted in 1932 by a \"Hudson Brothers\" company at \"127 42nd Street, Buffalo, NY\", though no such company or location appears to exist, and other sources have given copyright dates as early as 1910. The images on the box cover and game board appear to have been digitally printed and some have computer graphics imposed on images dated to various years between 1910 and 1940.","Snake Eyes is a competitive dice and chip-collecting game with some cards and imagery containing racist caricatures and stereotypes of black people compared to depictions of white people on other cards.","Schwarzer Pieter is an \"Old Maid\" type game featuring a blackface minstrel character original from Belgium and Netherlands named \"Black Pete\", who is an assistant to Saint Nicholas and a racist caricature of a black person.","Swahili is a mancala-like game modeled, and possibly appropriated, from the game of Bao from East Africa.","Blacks \u0026 Whites models the contemporary racism, oppression, and systemic inequalities black people face in American society, highlighting the socioeconomic and political disparities between black and white Americans. The creators noted that, while the game was meant to simulate racial disparity to white and privileged players, test players rewrote the rules of play to make game outcomes more equitable and fair between races.","Blacks \u0026 Whites models the contemporary racism, oppression, and systemic inequalities black people face in American society, highlighting the socioeconomic and political disparities between black and white Americans. The creators noted that, while the game was meant to simulate racial disparity to white and privileged players, test players rewrote the rules of play to make game outcomes more equitable and fair between races.","Bimbo Ringo is a ring toss game featuring a racist caricature of an African man with the ring hooks depicted as different adornments on the person's face and weapons.","Die Seefarher in Africa/Les Marins en Afrique is a German-French game with the objective of collecting or pillaging treasure from African port cities as sailors hailing from colonialist powers. May be a reproduction.","In Dixieland is a rummy-like card game with images of black children and adults living in the south, often in impoverished conditions and framed according to racist stereotypes.","Knock Knock is a card game similar to Uno depicting a racist minstrel-like caricature on the box cover.","The Race Card is a standard 52 playing card deck with black people and fashions depicted on the face cards.","Zwarte Piet is an \"Old Maid\" type game featuring a blackface minstrel character original from Belgium and Netherlands named \"Black Pete\", who is an assistant to Saint Nicholas and a racist caricature of a black person.","Seven folders containing pieces of black americana ephemera that largely use anti-black language, caricatures, and imagery to promote racist stereotypes of black people.","The \"Mammy Memo\" is a plastic notepad and pencil/pen holder shaped in the form of the racist, stereotyped \"Mammy\" caricature. The exact creator could not be identified, but similar products were copyrighted by Hampden Novelty Mfg, Inc.","The Oldest Game Known depicts racist caricatures of two black men playing with dice on the box cover. The box contains a metal pot painted purple, but there are no instructions wherein.","The Magic-Masks consists of rubber pieces shaped like exaggerated facial features with a racist caricature of a black person on the box cover. This toy was made in Japan, but no instructions or further information could be identified.","Five porcelain figurines, four of which depict minstrel-like caricatures of black musicians playing different instruments, and one shaped like a rudimentary hut with two African individuals on the front with little to no clothing.","Four pages (printed on one sheet of folded paper) from \"Frank Leslie's Illustrated Family Almanac fro 1883\", with one page featuring the print \"The Shark Fisheries Near New Smyrna, Florida\" that depicts racist caricatures of black men working in teams to pull live sharks to shore.","A stereoview titled \"A Skin Game Nabbed\" that features black men playing poker with one pointing a gun at the other players, propogating a racist stereotype of black men as violent cheaters. The stereoview claims to have been made for \"The 'Perfec' Stereograph\".","\"Painting the House that Jack Built\" is a watercoloring booklet with paint squares stapled in the middle of the book, featuring a copyrighted \"Dutch Boy\" character that promotes the purchase of paint from the National Lead Company, who persists against different weather conditions with faces. It is unclear whether any of the weather conditions represent racist caricatures of black people.","Promotional material for W.S.M. depicting two minstrel performers, \"Lasses\" and \"Honey\", in blackface on a \"Seasons Greetings\" card.","Two scoring cards for Court Whist signed by a \"Mrs. Napper\" and an \"A Napper\", which were associated with the \"Lasses and Honey\" W.S.M. promotional card.","Robertson's Golliwog Game of Snakes and Ladders is a chutes and ladders game featuring multiple racist, gnome-like caricatures called Golliwogs on the game cover and paper game board. Golliwog was a trademark for the James Robertson \u0026 Sons jam-manufacturing company between 1910 and the 1960s.","Pieces of paper, presumably from medicine packaging, that make up a Trick Donkey game depicting a racist caricature of a black man and a clown as the riders.","An advertisement for Bridge Party depicting a racist \"Mammy\" caricature misunderstanding suggestive terms used for the game in a fake AAVE dialect. This ad is possible reproduction of an ad printed by the Lee Novelty Co. of Fort Payne, AL."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUse of these materials must be limited to persons using them for research and/or scholarly activites. These materials may not be sold or distributed without knowing their intended use. They are not allowed to fall into the hands of anyone who might use them to support beliefs in the superiority or inferiority of any race, creed, or ethnicity\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Use of these materials must be limited to persons using them for research and/or scholarly activites. These materials may not be sold or distributed without knowing their intended use. They are not allowed to fall into the hands of anyone who might use them to support beliefs in the superiority or inferiority of any race, creed, or ethnicity"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","BAOA, Inc.","Cadaco-Ellis (Chicago, IL)","Identity Toys, Inc. (Milwaukee, WI)","Motherland, Inc. (Boston, MA)","Milton Bradley Co.","Selchow \u0026 Righter Co. (New York, NY)","Parker Brothers (Salem, MA)","Lubbers \u0026 Bell Mfg. Co. (Clinton, IA)","E. E. Fairchild Corporation","Goezte Game Co. (Plymouth, WI)","J. W. Spear \u0026 Sons (London, UK)","Psychology Today Games (Del Mar, CA)","G. H. Robinson Company (Chicago, IL)","Bermann \u0026 Sohn","The Fireside Game Co. (Cincinnati, OH)","Chad Valley Co., Ltd.","The Concept Card Co. (New Orleans, LA)","Hampden Novelty Mfg, Inc.","H Fishlove \u0026 Co.","Frank Leslie Publishing House","H. C. White Co. (North Bennington, VT)","National Lead Company","O.C. Harn","John W. Brophy Co. (Westerly, RI)"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","BAOA, Inc.","Cadaco-Ellis (Chicago, IL)","Identity Toys, Inc. (Milwaukee, WI)","Motherland, Inc. (Boston, MA)","Milton Bradley Co.","Selchow \u0026 Righter Co. (New York, NY)","Parker Brothers (Salem, MA)","Lubbers \u0026 Bell Mfg. Co. (Clinton, IA)","E. E. Fairchild Corporation","Goezte Game Co. (Plymouth, WI)","J. W. Spear \u0026 Sons (London, UK)","Psychology Today Games (Del Mar, CA)","G. H. Robinson Company (Chicago, IL)","Bermann \u0026 Sohn","The Fireside Game Co. (Cincinnati, OH)","Chad Valley Co., Ltd.","The Concept Card Co. (New Orleans, LA)","Hampden Novelty Mfg, Inc.","H Fishlove \u0026 Co.","Frank Leslie Publishing House","H. C. White Co. (North Bennington, VT)","National Lead Company","O.C. Harn","John W. Brophy Co. (Westerly, RI)"],"language_ssim":["English Dutch; Flemish German French"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":41,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T12:30:06.480Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_10016_c01_c10"}},{"id":"viu_viu00721_c07_c14","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Zora Putnam Wilkinsto \n                  James Branch Cabell","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_viu00721_c07_c14#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_viu00721_c07_c14","ref_ssm":["viu_viu00721_c07_c14"],"id":"viu_viu00721_c07_c14","ead_ssi":"viu_viu00721","_root_":"viu_viu00721","_nest_parent_":"viu_viu00721_c07","parent_ssi":"viu_viu00721_c07","parent_ssim":["viu_viu00721","viu_viu00721_c07"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_viu00721","viu_viu00721_c07"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["James Branch Cabell Collection \n         1886-1928","Scrapbook 7, \n               1924-1925"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["James Branch Cabell Collection \n         1886-1928","Scrapbook 7, \n               1924-1925"],"text":["James Branch Cabell Collection \n         1886-1928","Scrapbook 7, \n               1924-1925","Zora Putnam Wilkinsto \n                  James Branch Cabell","ALS, 3 p.","Zora Putnam Wilkins","James Branch Cabell"],"title_filing_ssi":"Zora Putnam Wilkins to \n                   James Branch Cabell","title_ssm":["Zora Putnam Wilkinsto \n                  James Branch Cabell"],"title_tesim":["Zora Putnam Wilkinsto \n                  James Branch Cabell"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1924 Oct 28"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1924"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Zora Putnam Wilkinsto \n                  James Branch Cabell"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["James Branch Cabell Collection \n         1886-1928"],"physdesc_tesim":["ALS, 3 p."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":483,"date_range_isim":[1924],"names_ssim":["Zora Putnam Wilkins","James Branch Cabell"],"persname_ssim":["Zora Putnam Wilkins","James Branch Cabell"],"_nest_path_":"/components#6/components#13","timestamp":"2026-05-21T12:46:29.254Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_viu00721","ead_ssi":"viu_viu00721","_root_":"viu_viu00721","_nest_parent_":"viu_viu00721","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/uva-sc/viu00721.xml","title_ssm":["James Branch Cabell Collection \n         1886-1928"],"title_tesim":["James Branch Cabell Collection \n         1886-1928"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["7779-b"],"text":["7779-b","James Branch Cabell Collection \n         1886-1928","10 bound volumes","Collection is open to research.","Funded in part by a grant from the National Endowment\n            for the Humanities","Clippings, re: \n                James Branch Cabell and his works,\n               chiefly reviews of his early books, with some letters,\n               listed below; 60 pp.","[presumably by \n                   James Branch Cabell , in unknown\n                  hand.]","Clippings, manuscripts, re: \n                The Soul of Melicent , \n                The Cream of the Jest , \n                Beyond Life , with some letters, listed below, 104 p.","[copy for \n                   James Branch Cabell ]","Clippings, proofs of advertisements, re: \n                Jurgen , with some letters listed below, 93 p.","[re: Jurgen, w/encl. a 1 p. protest]\n                  (reproduced)","Clippings re: \n                Jurgen , \n                Domnei , \n                The Cords of Vanity , with some letters, listed below, 104 p.","Clippings, re: \n                Figures of Earth , \n                Jurgen , \n                Chivalry , and \n                Taboo , with some letters, listed below, 102 p.","Clippings, re: \n                Jurgen , \n                Beyond Life , \n                The Cream to the Jest , and \n                The High Place , with some letters, listed below, 100 p.","Clippings re: Straws and Prayer-Books, and \n                Jurgen , with letters as follows, 102 p.","Clippings, re: \n                The Silver Stallion , and \n                Beyond Life , with some letters as follows, 84 p.","Clippings, re: \n                The Silver Stallion , w/corrected title page proof for this book,\n               and letters as follows, 82 p.","Clippings, re: \n                The Silver Stallion , with the following letter 106 p.","See the \n             \n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy.","","University of Virginia. Library. Special\n            Collections Dept.","J. B. Lippincott Co.","Robert M. McBride and\n                  Co.","Society of Arts and Sciences","Robert McBride and Co.","Robert McBride and\n                  Co.","Robert M. McBride \u0026 Co.","Knickerbocker\n                  Bindery","Robert M. McBride \u0026\n                  Co.","Robert M. McBride and Co.","Greenberg Publisher","James Branch Cabell","Henry W. Lanier","Justus Miles Forman","Merle Johnson","Walter H[ines] Page","Gilman Hall","H[enry] M[ills] Alden","Katherine Hilliard Young","David A. Ross","Joseph Neuhan","W. R. Bingham","John J. [Myres]","M. L. Minney","[N. Néonard]","F. B. Luquiens","Staunton Hynes","R[ichard] H[arding] Davis","L. Rix Babbitt","J. S. Roberts","H[ans] R[udolph] R[einhard]\n                  Hertzberg","Edward R. Schauffler","Daniel E. Hervey","Anna Hempstead Branch","W. D. Mann","Elinor Macartney Lane","Albert Bigelow Paine","Theodore Roosevelt","Edmund M. Ashe","Belle Radcliffe Lannock","William Loeb, Jr.","S[amuel] Foster Damon","H. L. Mencken","Lewis H. Galantière","Vincent Starrett","Sinclair Lewis","Burton Rascoe","Leslie Reed","Burton [Rascoe]","Guy [Holt]","Harold Ward","Wilson Follett","Joseph A. Margolis","Carl Van Vechten","B. J. Scannell","[N. C.] Baldwin","Dorothy Scarborough","A. L. S. Wood","Floyd Dell","William Rose Benét","Lewis Galantière","Henry B. Fuller","T. Swann Harding","Joseph Hergesheimer","[Benjamin Floyer]\n                  Glazer","Henry A. Lappin","Lucien Dean Pearson","Grace Hegger Lewis","Paul Jordan Smith","Aleister Crowley","James Branch vCabell","F. [Batcher]","Ben Hecht","Henry [Sell]","John R. Reinhard","Benjamin Glazer","H. [Broford] James","Francis Rolt-Wheeler","E. Wetmore","Edward J. O'Brien","Edward [Coyle]","Gilbert Cannan","[Guy] Holt","Charles C. Baldwin","Guy Holt","Hugh Walpole","H. E. [Dounce]","Margaret Babcock","Arington H. Carman","J. E. Baskerville","J. D. Chamberlain","Fred[erick] R. Ashfield","Wilson\n                  Follett","Louis Untermeyer","Gideon Timberlake","Benjamin De Casseres","Margaret Lee","[M. P.] Branch","Harold Davis","Pierre Troubetzkoy","Eleanor Blake Atkinson","T. [N.] Smith","George T. Keating","Ernest A. Boyd","Charles J. Finger","Samuel Barlow","Samuel L. Barlow","John A. Ten Eyck III","Charles S. Vial","John Cornell","Isaac Goldberg","A. Z. Lopez-Penha","Thomas Edgelow","Alyce M. Fletcher","Edwin J. Mayer","Helen McAfee","Ralph F. Holmes","Russell Gore","Basil Thompson","Charles Dexter Allen","Thomas [W.] Duffy","Milka Davenport Moss","Gregory Stragnell","Roy L. McCardell","Walter Adolphe Roberts","Wilbur Cross","Charles Ridgely","Marion A. Smith","B[ernard] K[eble] Sandwell","Marion Nelson Waldrip","G. A. Van Nosdall","George Moore","Barrett H.\n                  Clark","Kate D[ouglas] [Wiggin]","E[ugene] F[rancis] Saxton","Edward Hale\n                  Bierstadt","E. Paxton","L. W. Neustadler","John M. Hill","Margaret Donnan","Arthur E. Becher","Frances Newman","Anne Rutherfoord Wayland","Alice Wade Mulhern","Leonard D. Weil","Maynard D. Follin","William Kavanaugh Doty","Robert Nathan","Robert C. Holliday","Frederick Ebell Fiske","Harry Turner","Henry B. Flarsheim","Kingsland Spencer","John J. Gunther","E. Goodhue","Deems Taylor","J. T. Stewart","Olga R. Moore","Ethel M. Kelley","Louis\n                  Untermeyer","Louise H. Guyol","Elisabeth Grinnell","Lee B. Mihan","George A. Van Nosdall","Clark Ashton Smith","Dorothea Lawrance Mann","Woodward Lee Carter","William R. Anderson","H[enry] W[alcott] Boynton","Leo B. Mihan","Berthe Grunbaum","William Gamalial [Shegard]","Helen A. Seyffert","Evelyn Dewey Miller","Mary Byerley","Whitelaw Saunders","Blanche Colton Williams","Donald Ogden Stewart","Valerie de Milhau","Carl Van Doren","Oswald Brod","Edward Hale Bierstadt","William J. Cobwin","Morris Fishbein","Rosanna Elizabeth Roe","John A. Thomas","Harold Goddard Rugg","Charles Bayly, Jr.","B. Russell Herts","Don Bregenzer","M. Kathryn Spiers","Mary Brecht Pulver","Jerome E. Brooks","William R. A. Hays","Carlton A. Talbott","Bernice Stewart","Irma Kennard","Charles Roberts Seabrook","Willard S. Morse","Nathan Van Patten","C. H. McDonald","Frederick B. Eddy","Henry S[eidel] Canby","Ben Ray Redman","H. B. Fuller","Bernhardt Wall","Sadie B. Goodman","Thomas A. Boyd","John Peale Bishop","Frank Crowninshield","Virginia MacFadyen","Lilian Rothermere","Margery Swett","Lewis Worthington Smith","S. D. Schwartz","Ben Moore","Horace B[risbin] Liveright","Alice MacFarland","Alfred Kreymborg","I. H. White","Charles H. Gabriel, Jr.","Robert A. Hanson","S[amuel] Fischer","Maurice J. Speiser","Lewis Piaget Shanks","Ted Le Berthon","Frank Shay","W. E. Baker","Robert C. Harper","Charles E. Noyes","John E. Lind","Alfred F. Goldsmith","Edwin H. Shepard","[George Steele]\n                  Seymour","William B. Newton","[George Steele] Seymour","George Steele Seymour","Hettie L. Yeiser","Emma Brockway Wagner","M. D. Follin","Louise Leonard","Franz Blei","[Maurice J.] Speiser","Frances Fenmore","Frederick S. Hammett","Mitchell S. Buck","Christopher [Hageruss]","Thomas Lloyd Lennon","LeRoy Arnold","Harold Chapman Brown","Charles Romm","R. de Roussy de Sales","Irving L. Dilliard","Eva Scofield","Marshall Wingfield","Lucille Levy","Martha McCoy","Thomas R. Palfrey","W[illiam] Leete Stone","J.A. De Lacey","William J. Bernhard","Laurence Schwab","Frederick Fender","Cary Franklin Jacob","Wilson O. Clough","Abraham Cahan","Gustav Gruener","Henry Seidel Canby","Sam Janney","F. Scott Fitzgerald","Alexander Singleton","Maud Skidmore Barber","Lillian Young Cox","Thomas Caldecot Chubb","John M. Price","Ruth Wyatt Tongue","F. L. Schneider","Charles Keiller","Ralph Parker Anderson","Hal Garrott","M. B. Gottlieb","Glen Walton Blodgett","G. W. Freeman","J. Coupet-Sarraille","Harry Hervey","Boudinot Colt","H. W. Stewart","J. J. Taylor","Eleanor V. Cederstrom","S. D. Green","Edith M. Parkinson","C. Ford","Jessie Burns","Ralph Block","Charlton Andrews","George Brandes","George\n                  Brandes","Frederick Eddy","Charles Parsons","Carr Liggett","Frank H[orace] Vizetelly","Alfred T. Goldsmith","Florence Blackstone","R. E. MacKenzie","James Beveridge","Edwin [Björkman]","Donald Barr Chidsey","H. Randolph [Carr]","Lucy Curtis Templeton","Evelyn Campbell","Ellen Glasgow","Garrard Glenn","Stanley E. Babb","Howard Stanley Aronson","James Harvey Robinson","Dhan Gopal Mukerji","K. W. Lane","Arthur Hartmann","Carleton Beals","Charles A. Berst","Walter B. [Wolfe]","Deborah Hathaway [Calkins]","Calvin Neff","Charles F. [Pierce]","Phoebe H. Gilkyson","W. Cabell Greet","Dorothy G. Hyde","Joseph Fisher Loewi","C[larence] J. Laughlin","Lewis Galantiére","Mildred H. Lewis","Maurice De Koven","Ward Edwards","Loyd Ring Coleman","Aug[ustus] Cabell","Clarence J. Laughlin","Horace H. Edwards","Ballard Cabell","I. R. Brussel","Alfred W. Lublin","Helene Gent","Mary Webster","Homer Hendricks","Arthur W. Johnson","Raoul Rodriguez","C[harles] B[attel] Loomis, Jr.","Charles Battel Loomis, Jr.","Milton I. D. Einstein","Bruce Lockwood","Maurice K. Weil","Miriam Thurman","A. Mary Barclay","George Williams","Geoffrey Landsman","Louise Lafitte","Charles Alexander","David Werner Amram","Zora Putnam Wilkins","Warren A. McNeill","Laurence Stallings","George C. Calvert","Edwin Björkman","R. Critchell Rimington","Carl D. Herdman","Cooper Wilkins","Leonard Cline","Laban Lacy Rice","G. C. Hite, Jr.","Christine Hamilton","George Sylvester Viereck","Maude V. P. Hazelton","Frances L. Phillips","Brace M. Conning","Russell Ballard Weaver","Stuart Palmer","Thomas Hornsly Ferril","Natalie P. Harris","Truett Bryan Marshall","Fannie Hurst","George Harrison\n                  Phelps","Lewis Chase","Myra Marini","Norman A. Hoefeld","Sydney B. Flower","Wendell Phillips Bieser","J. E. Adams","Samuel Heiman","Mary Louise Israel","Katharine Hayes Amend","Seth Wakeman","Edna M. Levey","Edward A. Niles","F. M. Roberts","Louis L. Kramer","H. de [Key] [Kelton]","Margaret Root Brown","Stanley Olmsted","Egmont Ruschke","Martha E. Edler","Dorothy E. Mock","W[alter] R[ussell] Bowie","Louis Dickstein","Edison Skehan","H. Suzanne Eddy","Harry F. Preller","W. W. Lange","F. G. Street, Jr.","Mary F. Wickman Porcher","Marshall McNeil","Eveline Whalley","Mary Plum","Edmond R. Amateis","William Arthur Deacon","Bridget Muller","Solomon Malkin","Emanuel Edward Raices","I. Adrian Shulimson","A. Grove Day","Lester Hargrett","Felix Hargrett","E. C. Detwiler","Jean O'Brien","Laura Norton Brown","Richard Rohman","Helen Lincoln","A. Burton Clarke","Jessie M. Lyons","Jane Garrott","Virginia B. Kingsbury","Jack Woodford","Grover Jacoby","Edward A. Lobb","Nathaniel Howard","Philip C. Duschnes","Rose L. Shefska","Helen Godey Wilson","Franklin Wentworth","Karen Rosenblum","C. Peyton Wertenbaker","C. W. Beale","Herbert L. Ganter","Thomas Bell","Harry M. East","[William] Leete Stone","J. [McCutchan]","Georg Muller","Fred Ashenhurst","Hamilton Owens","George Jean Nathan","Joseph Wood Krutch","Isabel Paterson","Frank Daniel","Sara May MacDonell","Thomas Geale Rice","Lloyd E. Smith","Gertrude N. Lanford","Lewis Frambes, Jr.","Thomas Watt Tyler","H. Baxter Liebler","Paul F. Husserl","Samuel T. Clover","W. P. Dabney","Lawrence W. Fox, Jr.","Robert W. Marke","Norman H. Chase","Emily N[ewell] Blair","Lewis S. Baer","John Macy","George Macy","Howard Blatteis","Willard D. Firestone","Harry Lucas","Mary K. Stewart","Beatrice Beeforth","M. Kershaw Walsh","Donald Maxwell Johnston","Henry Alexander","Miles W. Lewis","English"],"unitid_tesim":["7779-b"],"normalized_title_ssm":["James Branch Cabell Collection \n         1886-1928"],"collection_title_tesim":["James Branch Cabell Collection \n         1886-1928"],"collection_ssim":["James Branch Cabell Collection \n         1886-1928"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":[""],"creator_ssim":[""],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift, 1966 May 4"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["10 bound volumes"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames Branch Cabell\n            Collection, Accession 7779-b, Special Collections Department, University of\n         Virginia Library\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["James Branch Cabell\n            Collection, Accession 7779-b, Special Collections Department, University of\n         Virginia Library"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFunded in part by a grant from the National Endowment\n            for the Humanities\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Funding Note"],"processinfo_tesim":["Funded in part by a grant from the National Endowment\n            for the Humanities"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eClippings, re: \n               \u003cpersname\u003eJames Branch Cabell\u003c/persname\u003eand his works,\n               chiefly reviews of his early books, with some letters,\n               listed below; 60 pp.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[presumably by \n                  \u003cpersname\u003eJames Branch Cabell\u003c/persname\u003e, in unknown\n                  hand.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClippings, manuscripts, re: \n               \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Soul of Melicent\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003e, \n               \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Cream of the Jest\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003e, \n               \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eBeyond Life\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003e, with some letters, listed below, 104 p.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[copy for \n                  \u003cpersname\u003eJames Branch Cabell\u003c/persname\u003e]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClippings, proofs of advertisements, re: \n               \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eJurgen\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003e, with some letters listed below, 93 p.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[re: Jurgen, w/encl. a 1 p. protest]\n                  (reproduced)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClippings re: \n               \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eJurgen\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003e, \n               \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eDomnei\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003e, \n               \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Cords of Vanity\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003e, with some letters, listed below, 104 p.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClippings, re: \n               \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eFigures of Earth\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003e, \n               \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eJurgen\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003e, \n               \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eChivalry\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003e, and \n               \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eTaboo\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003e, with some letters, listed below, 102 p.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClippings, re: \n               \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eJurgen\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003e, \n               \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eBeyond Life\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003e, \n               \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Cream to the Jest\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003e, and \n               \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eThe High Place\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003e, with some letters, listed below, 100 p.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClippings re: Straws and Prayer-Books, and \n               \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eJurgen\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003e, with letters as follows, 102 p.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClippings, re: \n               \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Silver Stallion\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003e, and \n               \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eBeyond Life\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003e, with some letters as follows, 84 p.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClippings, re: \n               \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Silver Stallion\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003e, w/corrected title page proof for this book,\n               and letters as follows, 82 p.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClippings, re: \n               \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Silver Stallion\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003e, with the following letter 106 p.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Clippings, re: \n                James Branch Cabell and his works,\n               chiefly reviews of his early books, with some letters,\n               listed below; 60 pp.","[presumably by \n                   James Branch Cabell , in unknown\n                  hand.]","Clippings, manuscripts, re: \n                The Soul of Melicent , \n                The Cream of the Jest , \n                Beyond Life , with some letters, listed below, 104 p.","[copy for \n                   James Branch Cabell ]","Clippings, proofs of advertisements, re: \n                Jurgen , with some letters listed below, 93 p.","[re: Jurgen, w/encl. a 1 p. protest]\n                  (reproduced)","Clippings re: \n                Jurgen , \n                Domnei , \n                The Cords of Vanity , with some letters, listed below, 104 p.","Clippings, re: \n                Figures of Earth , \n                Jurgen , \n                Chivalry , and \n                Taboo , with some letters, listed below, 102 p.","Clippings, re: \n                Jurgen , \n                Beyond Life , \n                The Cream to the Jest , and \n                The High Place , with some letters, listed below, 100 p.","Clippings re: Straws and Prayer-Books, and \n                Jurgen , with letters as follows, 102 p.","Clippings, re: \n                The Silver Stallion , and \n                Beyond Life , with some letters as follows, 84 p.","Clippings, re: \n                The Silver Stallion , w/corrected title page proof for this book,\n               and letters as follows, 82 p.","Clippings, re: \n                The Silver Stallion , with the following letter 106 p."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee the \n            \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.library.virginia.edu/policies/use-of-materials\"\u003e\n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy.\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["See the \n             \n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc/\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":[""],"names_ssim":["University of Virginia. Library. Special\n            Collections Dept.","J. B. Lippincott Co.","Robert M. McBride and\n                  Co.","Society of Arts and Sciences","Robert McBride and Co.","Robert McBride and\n                  Co.","Robert M. McBride \u0026 Co.","Knickerbocker\n                  Bindery","Robert M. McBride \u0026\n                  Co.","Robert M. McBride and Co.","Greenberg Publisher","James Branch Cabell","Henry W. Lanier","Justus Miles Forman","Merle Johnson","Walter H[ines] Page","Gilman Hall","H[enry] M[ills] Alden","Katherine Hilliard Young","David A. Ross","Joseph Neuhan","W. R. Bingham","John J. [Myres]","M. L. Minney","[N. Néonard]","F. B. Luquiens","Staunton Hynes","R[ichard] H[arding] Davis","L. Rix Babbitt","J. S. Roberts","H[ans] R[udolph] R[einhard]\n                  Hertzberg","Edward R. Schauffler","Daniel E. Hervey","Anna Hempstead Branch","W. D. Mann","Elinor Macartney Lane","Albert Bigelow Paine","Theodore Roosevelt","Edmund M. Ashe","Belle Radcliffe Lannock","William Loeb, Jr.","S[amuel] Foster Damon","H. L. Mencken","Lewis H. Galantière","Vincent Starrett","Sinclair Lewis","Burton Rascoe","Leslie Reed","Burton [Rascoe]","Guy [Holt]","Harold Ward","Wilson Follett","Joseph A. Margolis","Carl Van Vechten","B. J. Scannell","[N. C.] Baldwin","Dorothy Scarborough","A. L. S. Wood","Floyd Dell","William Rose Benét","Lewis Galantière","Henry B. Fuller","T. Swann Harding","Joseph Hergesheimer","[Benjamin Floyer]\n                  Glazer","Henry A. Lappin","Lucien Dean Pearson","Grace Hegger Lewis","Paul Jordan Smith","Aleister Crowley","James Branch vCabell","F. [Batcher]","Ben Hecht","Henry [Sell]","John R. Reinhard","Benjamin Glazer","H. [Broford] James","Francis Rolt-Wheeler","E. Wetmore","Edward J. O'Brien","Edward [Coyle]","Gilbert Cannan","[Guy] Holt","Charles C. Baldwin","Guy Holt","Hugh Walpole","H. E. [Dounce]","Margaret Babcock","Arington H. Carman","J. E. Baskerville","J. D. Chamberlain","Fred[erick] R. Ashfield","Wilson\n                  Follett","Louis Untermeyer","Gideon Timberlake","Benjamin De Casseres","Margaret Lee","[M. P.] Branch","Harold Davis","Pierre Troubetzkoy","Eleanor Blake Atkinson","T. [N.] Smith","George T. Keating","Ernest A. Boyd","Charles J. Finger","Samuel Barlow","Samuel L. Barlow","John A. Ten Eyck III","Charles S. Vial","John Cornell","Isaac Goldberg","A. Z. Lopez-Penha","Thomas Edgelow","Alyce M. Fletcher","Edwin J. Mayer","Helen McAfee","Ralph F. Holmes","Russell Gore","Basil Thompson","Charles Dexter Allen","Thomas [W.] Duffy","Milka Davenport Moss","Gregory Stragnell","Roy L. McCardell","Walter Adolphe Roberts","Wilbur Cross","Charles Ridgely","Marion A. Smith","B[ernard] K[eble] Sandwell","Marion Nelson Waldrip","G. A. Van Nosdall","George Moore","Barrett H.\n                  Clark","Kate D[ouglas] [Wiggin]","E[ugene] F[rancis] Saxton","Edward Hale\n                  Bierstadt","E. Paxton","L. W. Neustadler","John M. Hill","Margaret Donnan","Arthur E. Becher","Frances Newman","Anne Rutherfoord Wayland","Alice Wade Mulhern","Leonard D. Weil","Maynard D. Follin","William Kavanaugh Doty","Robert Nathan","Robert C. Holliday","Frederick Ebell Fiske","Harry Turner","Henry B. Flarsheim","Kingsland Spencer","John J. Gunther","E. Goodhue","Deems Taylor","J. T. Stewart","Olga R. Moore","Ethel M. Kelley","Louis\n                  Untermeyer","Louise H. Guyol","Elisabeth Grinnell","Lee B. Mihan","George A. Van Nosdall","Clark Ashton Smith","Dorothea Lawrance Mann","Woodward Lee Carter","William R. Anderson","H[enry] W[alcott] Boynton","Leo B. Mihan","Berthe Grunbaum","William Gamalial [Shegard]","Helen A. Seyffert","Evelyn Dewey Miller","Mary Byerley","Whitelaw Saunders","Blanche Colton Williams","Donald Ogden Stewart","Valerie de Milhau","Carl Van Doren","Oswald Brod","Edward Hale Bierstadt","William J. Cobwin","Morris Fishbein","Rosanna Elizabeth Roe","John A. Thomas","Harold Goddard Rugg","Charles Bayly, Jr.","B. Russell Herts","Don Bregenzer","M. Kathryn Spiers","Mary Brecht Pulver","Jerome E. Brooks","William R. A. Hays","Carlton A. Talbott","Bernice Stewart","Irma Kennard","Charles Roberts Seabrook","Willard S. Morse","Nathan Van Patten","C. H. McDonald","Frederick B. Eddy","Henry S[eidel] Canby","Ben Ray Redman","H. B. Fuller","Bernhardt Wall","Sadie B. Goodman","Thomas A. Boyd","John Peale Bishop","Frank Crowninshield","Virginia MacFadyen","Lilian Rothermere","Margery Swett","Lewis Worthington Smith","S. D. Schwartz","Ben Moore","Horace B[risbin] Liveright","Alice MacFarland","Alfred Kreymborg","I. H. White","Charles H. Gabriel, Jr.","Robert A. Hanson","S[amuel] Fischer","Maurice J. Speiser","Lewis Piaget Shanks","Ted Le Berthon","Frank Shay","W. E. Baker","Robert C. Harper","Charles E. Noyes","John E. Lind","Alfred F. Goldsmith","Edwin H. Shepard","[George Steele]\n                  Seymour","William B. Newton","[George Steele] Seymour","George Steele Seymour","Hettie L. Yeiser","Emma Brockway Wagner","M. D. Follin","Louise Leonard","Franz Blei","[Maurice J.] Speiser","Frances Fenmore","Frederick S. Hammett","Mitchell S. Buck","Christopher [Hageruss]","Thomas Lloyd Lennon","LeRoy Arnold","Harold Chapman Brown","Charles Romm","R. de Roussy de Sales","Irving L. Dilliard","Eva Scofield","Marshall Wingfield","Lucille Levy","Martha McCoy","Thomas R. Palfrey","W[illiam] Leete Stone","J.A. De Lacey","William J. Bernhard","Laurence Schwab","Frederick Fender","Cary Franklin Jacob","Wilson O. Clough","Abraham Cahan","Gustav Gruener","Henry Seidel Canby","Sam Janney","F. Scott Fitzgerald","Alexander Singleton","Maud Skidmore Barber","Lillian Young Cox","Thomas Caldecot Chubb","John M. Price","Ruth Wyatt Tongue","F. L. Schneider","Charles Keiller","Ralph Parker Anderson","Hal Garrott","M. B. Gottlieb","Glen Walton Blodgett","G. W. Freeman","J. Coupet-Sarraille","Harry Hervey","Boudinot Colt","H. W. Stewart","J. J. Taylor","Eleanor V. Cederstrom","S. D. Green","Edith M. Parkinson","C. Ford","Jessie Burns","Ralph Block","Charlton Andrews","George Brandes","George\n                  Brandes","Frederick Eddy","Charles Parsons","Carr Liggett","Frank H[orace] Vizetelly","Alfred T. Goldsmith","Florence Blackstone","R. E. MacKenzie","James Beveridge","Edwin [Björkman]","Donald Barr Chidsey","H. Randolph [Carr]","Lucy Curtis Templeton","Evelyn Campbell","Ellen Glasgow","Garrard Glenn","Stanley E. Babb","Howard Stanley Aronson","James Harvey Robinson","Dhan Gopal Mukerji","K. W. Lane","Arthur Hartmann","Carleton Beals","Charles A. Berst","Walter B. [Wolfe]","Deborah Hathaway [Calkins]","Calvin Neff","Charles F. [Pierce]","Phoebe H. Gilkyson","W. Cabell Greet","Dorothy G. Hyde","Joseph Fisher Loewi","C[larence] J. Laughlin","Lewis Galantiére","Mildred H. Lewis","Maurice De Koven","Ward Edwards","Loyd Ring Coleman","Aug[ustus] Cabell","Clarence J. Laughlin","Horace H. Edwards","Ballard Cabell","I. R. Brussel","Alfred W. Lublin","Helene Gent","Mary Webster","Homer Hendricks","Arthur W. Johnson","Raoul Rodriguez","C[harles] B[attel] Loomis, Jr.","Charles Battel Loomis, Jr.","Milton I. D. Einstein","Bruce Lockwood","Maurice K. Weil","Miriam Thurman","A. Mary Barclay","George Williams","Geoffrey Landsman","Louise Lafitte","Charles Alexander","David Werner Amram","Zora Putnam Wilkins","Warren A. McNeill","Laurence Stallings","George C. Calvert","Edwin Björkman","R. Critchell Rimington","Carl D. Herdman","Cooper Wilkins","Leonard Cline","Laban Lacy Rice","G. C. Hite, Jr.","Christine Hamilton","George Sylvester Viereck","Maude V. P. Hazelton","Frances L. Phillips","Brace M. Conning","Russell Ballard Weaver","Stuart Palmer","Thomas Hornsly Ferril","Natalie P. Harris","Truett Bryan Marshall","Fannie Hurst","George Harrison\n                  Phelps","Lewis Chase","Myra Marini","Norman A. Hoefeld","Sydney B. Flower","Wendell Phillips Bieser","J. E. Adams","Samuel Heiman","Mary Louise Israel","Katharine Hayes Amend","Seth Wakeman","Edna M. Levey","Edward A. Niles","F. M. Roberts","Louis L. Kramer","H. de [Key] [Kelton]","Margaret Root Brown","Stanley Olmsted","Egmont Ruschke","Martha E. Edler","Dorothy E. Mock","W[alter] R[ussell] Bowie","Louis Dickstein","Edison Skehan","H. Suzanne Eddy","Harry F. Preller","W. W. Lange","F. G. Street, Jr.","Mary F. Wickman Porcher","Marshall McNeil","Eveline Whalley","Mary Plum","Edmond R. Amateis","William Arthur Deacon","Bridget Muller","Solomon Malkin","Emanuel Edward Raices","I. Adrian Shulimson","A. Grove Day","Lester Hargrett","Felix Hargrett","E. C. Detwiler","Jean O'Brien","Laura Norton Brown","Richard Rohman","Helen Lincoln","A. Burton Clarke","Jessie M. Lyons","Jane Garrott","Virginia B. Kingsbury","Jack Woodford","Grover Jacoby","Edward A. Lobb","Nathaniel Howard","Philip C. Duschnes","Rose L. Shefska","Helen Godey Wilson","Franklin Wentworth","Karen Rosenblum","C. Peyton Wertenbaker","C. W. Beale","Herbert L. Ganter","Thomas Bell","Harry M. East","[William] Leete Stone","J. [McCutchan]","Georg Muller","Fred Ashenhurst","Hamilton Owens","George Jean Nathan","Joseph Wood Krutch","Isabel Paterson","Frank Daniel","Sara May MacDonell","Thomas Geale Rice","Lloyd E. Smith","Gertrude N. Lanford","Lewis Frambes, Jr.","Thomas Watt Tyler","H. Baxter Liebler","Paul F. Husserl","Samuel T. Clover","W. P. Dabney","Lawrence W. Fox, Jr.","Robert W. Marke","Norman H. Chase","Emily N[ewell] Blair","Lewis S. Baer","John Macy","George Macy","Howard Blatteis","Willard D. Firestone","Harry Lucas","Mary K. Stewart","Beatrice Beeforth","M. Kershaw Walsh","Donald Maxwell Johnston","Henry Alexander","Miles W. Lewis"],"corpname_ssim":["University of Virginia. Library. Special\n            Collections Dept.","J. B. Lippincott Co.","Robert M. McBride and\n                  Co.","Society of Arts and Sciences","Robert McBride and Co.","Robert McBride and\n                  Co.","Robert M. McBride \u0026 Co.","Knickerbocker\n                  Bindery","Robert M. McBride \u0026\n                  Co.","Robert M. McBride and Co.","Greenberg Publisher"],"persname_ssim":["James Branch Cabell","Henry W. Lanier","Justus Miles Forman","Merle Johnson","Walter H[ines] Page","Gilman Hall","H[enry] M[ills] Alden","Katherine Hilliard Young","David A. Ross","Joseph Neuhan","W. R. Bingham","John J. [Myres]","M. L. Minney","[N. Néonard]","F. B. Luquiens","Staunton Hynes","R[ichard] H[arding] Davis","L. Rix Babbitt","J. S. Roberts","H[ans] R[udolph] R[einhard]\n                  Hertzberg","Edward R. Schauffler","Daniel E. Hervey","Anna Hempstead Branch","W. D. Mann","Elinor Macartney Lane","Albert Bigelow Paine","Theodore Roosevelt","Edmund M. Ashe","Belle Radcliffe Lannock","William Loeb, Jr.","S[amuel] Foster Damon","H. L. Mencken","Lewis H. Galantière","Vincent Starrett","Sinclair Lewis","Burton Rascoe","Leslie Reed","Burton [Rascoe]","Guy [Holt]","Harold Ward","Wilson Follett","Joseph A. Margolis","Carl Van Vechten","B. J. Scannell","[N. C.] Baldwin","Dorothy Scarborough","A. L. S. Wood","Floyd Dell","William Rose Benét","Lewis Galantière","Henry B. Fuller","T. Swann Harding","Joseph Hergesheimer","[Benjamin Floyer]\n                  Glazer","Henry A. Lappin","Lucien Dean Pearson","Grace Hegger Lewis","Paul Jordan Smith","Aleister Crowley","James Branch vCabell","F. [Batcher]","Ben Hecht","Henry [Sell]","John R. Reinhard","Benjamin Glazer","H. [Broford] James","Francis Rolt-Wheeler","E. Wetmore","Edward J. O'Brien","Edward [Coyle]","Gilbert Cannan","[Guy] Holt","Charles C. Baldwin","Guy Holt","Hugh Walpole","H. E. [Dounce]","Margaret Babcock","Arington H. Carman","J. E. Baskerville","J. D. Chamberlain","Fred[erick] R. Ashfield","Wilson\n                  Follett","Louis Untermeyer","Gideon Timberlake","Benjamin De Casseres","Margaret Lee","[M. P.] Branch","Harold Davis","Pierre Troubetzkoy","Eleanor Blake Atkinson","T. [N.] Smith","George T. Keating","Ernest A. Boyd","Charles J. Finger","Samuel Barlow","Samuel L. Barlow","John A. Ten Eyck III","Charles S. Vial","John Cornell","Isaac Goldberg","A. Z. Lopez-Penha","Thomas Edgelow","Alyce M. Fletcher","Edwin J. Mayer","Helen McAfee","Ralph F. Holmes","Russell Gore","Basil Thompson","Charles Dexter Allen","Thomas [W.] Duffy","Milka Davenport Moss","Gregory Stragnell","Roy L. McCardell","Walter Adolphe Roberts","Wilbur Cross","Charles Ridgely","Marion A. Smith","B[ernard] K[eble] Sandwell","Marion Nelson Waldrip","G. A. Van Nosdall","George Moore","Barrett H.\n                  Clark","Kate D[ouglas] [Wiggin]","E[ugene] F[rancis] Saxton","Edward Hale\n                  Bierstadt","E. Paxton","L. W. Neustadler","John M. Hill","Margaret Donnan","Arthur E. Becher","Frances Newman","Anne Rutherfoord Wayland","Alice Wade Mulhern","Leonard D. Weil","Maynard D. Follin","William Kavanaugh Doty","Robert Nathan","Robert C. Holliday","Frederick Ebell Fiske","Harry Turner","Henry B. Flarsheim","Kingsland Spencer","John J. Gunther","E. Goodhue","Deems Taylor","J. T. Stewart","Olga R. Moore","Ethel M. Kelley","Louis\n                  Untermeyer","Louise H. Guyol","Elisabeth Grinnell","Lee B. Mihan","George A. Van Nosdall","Clark Ashton Smith","Dorothea Lawrance Mann","Woodward Lee Carter","William R. Anderson","H[enry] W[alcott] Boynton","Leo B. Mihan","Berthe Grunbaum","William Gamalial [Shegard]","Helen A. Seyffert","Evelyn Dewey Miller","Mary Byerley","Whitelaw Saunders","Blanche Colton Williams","Donald Ogden Stewart","Valerie de Milhau","Carl Van Doren","Oswald Brod","Edward Hale Bierstadt","William J. Cobwin","Morris Fishbein","Rosanna Elizabeth Roe","John A. Thomas","Harold Goddard Rugg","Charles Bayly, Jr.","B. Russell Herts","Don Bregenzer","M. Kathryn Spiers","Mary Brecht Pulver","Jerome E. Brooks","William R. A. Hays","Carlton A. Talbott","Bernice Stewart","Irma Kennard","Charles Roberts Seabrook","Willard S. Morse","Nathan Van Patten","C. H. McDonald","Frederick B. Eddy","Henry S[eidel] Canby","Ben Ray Redman","H. B. Fuller","Bernhardt Wall","Sadie B. Goodman","Thomas A. Boyd","John Peale Bishop","Frank Crowninshield","Virginia MacFadyen","Lilian Rothermere","Margery Swett","Lewis Worthington Smith","S. D. Schwartz","Ben Moore","Horace B[risbin] Liveright","Alice MacFarland","Alfred Kreymborg","I. H. White","Charles H. Gabriel, Jr.","Robert A. Hanson","S[amuel] Fischer","Maurice J. Speiser","Lewis Piaget Shanks","Ted Le Berthon","Frank Shay","W. E. Baker","Robert C. Harper","Charles E. Noyes","John E. Lind","Alfred F. Goldsmith","Edwin H. Shepard","[George Steele]\n                  Seymour","William B. Newton","[George Steele] Seymour","George Steele Seymour","Hettie L. Yeiser","Emma Brockway Wagner","M. D. Follin","Louise Leonard","Franz Blei","[Maurice J.] Speiser","Frances Fenmore","Frederick S. Hammett","Mitchell S. Buck","Christopher [Hageruss]","Thomas Lloyd Lennon","LeRoy Arnold","Harold Chapman Brown","Charles Romm","R. de Roussy de Sales","Irving L. Dilliard","Eva Scofield","Marshall Wingfield","Lucille Levy","Martha McCoy","Thomas R. Palfrey","W[illiam] Leete Stone","J.A. De Lacey","William J. Bernhard","Laurence Schwab","Frederick Fender","Cary Franklin Jacob","Wilson O. Clough","Abraham Cahan","Gustav Gruener","Henry Seidel Canby","Sam Janney","F. Scott Fitzgerald","Alexander Singleton","Maud Skidmore Barber","Lillian Young Cox","Thomas Caldecot Chubb","John M. Price","Ruth Wyatt Tongue","F. L. Schneider","Charles Keiller","Ralph Parker Anderson","Hal Garrott","M. B. Gottlieb","Glen Walton Blodgett","G. W. Freeman","J. Coupet-Sarraille","Harry Hervey","Boudinot Colt","H. W. Stewart","J. J. Taylor","Eleanor V. Cederstrom","S. D. Green","Edith M. Parkinson","C. Ford","Jessie Burns","Ralph Block","Charlton Andrews","George Brandes","George\n                  Brandes","Frederick Eddy","Charles Parsons","Carr Liggett","Frank H[orace] Vizetelly","Alfred T. Goldsmith","Florence Blackstone","R. E. MacKenzie","James Beveridge","Edwin [Björkman]","Donald Barr Chidsey","H. Randolph [Carr]","Lucy Curtis Templeton","Evelyn Campbell","Ellen Glasgow","Garrard Glenn","Stanley E. Babb","Howard Stanley Aronson","James Harvey Robinson","Dhan Gopal Mukerji","K. W. Lane","Arthur Hartmann","Carleton Beals","Charles A. Berst","Walter B. [Wolfe]","Deborah Hathaway [Calkins]","Calvin Neff","Charles F. [Pierce]","Phoebe H. Gilkyson","W. Cabell Greet","Dorothy G. Hyde","Joseph Fisher Loewi","C[larence] J. Laughlin","Lewis Galantiére","Mildred H. Lewis","Maurice De Koven","Ward Edwards","Loyd Ring Coleman","Aug[ustus] Cabell","Clarence J. Laughlin","Horace H. Edwards","Ballard Cabell","I. R. Brussel","Alfred W. Lublin","Helene Gent","Mary Webster","Homer Hendricks","Arthur W. Johnson","Raoul Rodriguez","C[harles] B[attel] Loomis, Jr.","Charles Battel Loomis, Jr.","Milton I. D. Einstein","Bruce Lockwood","Maurice K. Weil","Miriam Thurman","A. Mary Barclay","George Williams","Geoffrey Landsman","Louise Lafitte","Charles Alexander","David Werner Amram","Zora Putnam Wilkins","Warren A. McNeill","Laurence Stallings","George C. Calvert","Edwin Björkman","R. Critchell Rimington","Carl D. Herdman","Cooper Wilkins","Leonard Cline","Laban Lacy Rice","G. C. Hite, Jr.","Christine Hamilton","George Sylvester Viereck","Maude V. P. Hazelton","Frances L. Phillips","Brace M. Conning","Russell Ballard Weaver","Stuart Palmer","Thomas Hornsly Ferril","Natalie P. Harris","Truett Bryan Marshall","Fannie Hurst","George Harrison\n                  Phelps","Lewis Chase","Myra Marini","Norman A. Hoefeld","Sydney B. Flower","Wendell Phillips Bieser","J. E. Adams","Samuel Heiman","Mary Louise Israel","Katharine Hayes Amend","Seth Wakeman","Edna M. Levey","Edward A. Niles","F. M. Roberts","Louis L. Kramer","H. de [Key] [Kelton]","Margaret Root Brown","Stanley Olmsted","Egmont Ruschke","Martha E. Edler","Dorothy E. Mock","W[alter] R[ussell] Bowie","Louis Dickstein","Edison Skehan","H. Suzanne Eddy","Harry F. Preller","W. W. Lange","F. G. Street, Jr.","Mary F. Wickman Porcher","Marshall McNeil","Eveline Whalley","Mary Plum","Edmond R. Amateis","William Arthur Deacon","Bridget Muller","Solomon Malkin","Emanuel Edward Raices","I. Adrian Shulimson","A. Grove Day","Lester Hargrett","Felix Hargrett","E. C. Detwiler","Jean O'Brien","Laura Norton Brown","Richard Rohman","Helen Lincoln","A. Burton Clarke","Jessie M. Lyons","Jane Garrott","Virginia B. Kingsbury","Jack Woodford","Grover Jacoby","Edward A. Lobb","Nathaniel Howard","Philip C. Duschnes","Rose L. Shefska","Helen Godey Wilson","Franklin Wentworth","Karen Rosenblum","C. Peyton Wertenbaker","C. W. Beale","Herbert L. Ganter","Thomas Bell","Harry M. East","[William] Leete Stone","J. [McCutchan]","Georg Muller","Fred Ashenhurst","Hamilton Owens","George Jean Nathan","Joseph Wood Krutch","Isabel Paterson","Frank Daniel","Sara May MacDonell","Thomas Geale Rice","Lloyd E. Smith","Gertrude N. Lanford","Lewis Frambes, Jr.","Thomas Watt Tyler","H. Baxter Liebler","Paul F. Husserl","Samuel T. Clover","W. P. Dabney","Lawrence W. Fox, Jr.","Robert W. Marke","Norman H. Chase","Emily N[ewell] Blair","Lewis S. Baer","John Macy","George Macy","Howard Blatteis","Willard D. Firestone","Harry Lucas","Mary K. Stewart","Beatrice Beeforth","M. Kershaw Walsh","Donald Maxwell Johnston","Henry Alexander","Miles W. Lewis"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":649,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T12:46:29.254Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_viu00721_c07_c14"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4263","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Z Process Quick Freezing Collection","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4263#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Z Process Quick Freezing Collection consists of pamphlets and a photograph album. The pamphlets contain information on the quick freezing method developed by Mikhail Trofimovich Zarochentsev. The photograph album consists of images related to the freezing methods and equipments. The quick freezing method acted as a sanitary method to freeze seafood, meats, fruits, and vegetables and to maintain their nutritional values and taste.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4263#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4263","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4263","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4263","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4263","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_4263.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Z Process Quick Freezing Collection","title_ssm":["Z Process Quick Freezing Collection"],"title_tesim":["Z Process Quick Freezing Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["c.1917-1937"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["c.1917-1937"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2024.055"],"text":["Ms.2024.055","Z Process Quick Freezing Collection","History of Food and Drink","Food Technology and Production","The collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged by document type.","\"The Frick System,\" August 1932, vol 4, no. 2","\"Frozen Foods: Dealing with Every Phase of the Quick Freezing of Perishable Foods -- Preparation Packaging, Freezing, Storage, Distribution,\" September 1936 ","\"The Z Processes for Quick-Freezing and Quick-Chilling Food Products,\" c. 1930s","The guide to the Z Process Quick Freezing Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Z Process Quick Freezing Collection was completed in May 2024.","The Z Process Quick Freezing Collection consists of pamphlets and a photograph album. The pamphlets contain information on the quick freezing method developed by Mikhail Trofimovich Zarochentsev. The photograph album consists of images related to the freezing methods and equipments. The quick freezing method acted as a sanitary method to freeze seafood, meats, fruits, and vegetables and to maintain their nutritional values and taste. ","The pamphlets consist of three pamphlets, which are listed on the bibliography in the folder. The pamphlets explain how Zarochentsev created the Z Process, with details on the his methodology. One article tells of his experience developing the method, how he uses \"three of the known methods of heat transfer--radiation, conduction, and convections,\" and his successful work in Europe and the U.S. Another pamphlet describes the advantages of the Z Process over other freezing processes. ","The photograph album contains 186 photographs that illustrate the refrigeration process, fishing vessells, packaging, animals, meats, and more. Most photos include captions. ","According to the original sale document:","\"This souvenir sales photo album, and accompanying literature document the extraordinary advancement in quick-freezing technology and food preservation by this pioneering Russian-American engineer. Zaronchentsev had developed a technique of placing all of the products to be frozen on mesh metal shelving which would then be sprayed with a calcium chloride brine solution as a mist, which speeded the freezing process. This method was entirely different from the flash freezing methods developed by Clarence Birdseye, whose innovations involved holding packaged food between two metal belts chilled to -45 degrees Fahrenheit, or under pressure between two hollow metal plates chilled to -25 degrees Fahrenheit through evaporation of ammonia, freezing items from 30-90 minutes. Zaronchentsev (b. 1879) who had pioneered refrigeration engineering while studying at the Institute of Transportation in Moscow prior to the Russian Revolution, later oversaw the construction of numerous packaging houses, cold storage facilities, and thousands of refrigerated railwar cars. From 1922 to 1927 he had become the general manager of the Estonion packing house A/S Kulmetus, with many of th ephotos here showing his work in Estonia, and across Europe during the period. In 1928, he contracted with the British firm H. Smethurst \u0026 Co. in Grimsby which used his technology to freeze, package and market frozen salmon rolls, fish ovals, fish cakes, and others, shown here in the photos, but three years later decided he would have to move to the U.S. for financing and build the company.","\"In New York, he contracted initially with the Francis Metal Door \u0026 Window Corp. in Rochester, NY to build his specialty freezers, and equipment, and incorporated as the American Z Corporation, with branches in Brooklyn, NY and other locales. He also began setting up test farms to grow vegetables, fruits, and poultry, especially duck, to develop a whole line of locally sourced frozen goods using his equipment. The carefully annotated photographs show the many different products frozen and being frozen including green peas, frozen shrimp in pans and cartons, pork chops, ham and pork bellies, pork brains in cartons, lamb chops, duck, fish fillets, and sausages, including those in cellophane display cartons. The patented 'brine-fog-' method together with applied pure cane sugar prevented fruit from losing their colour, as well as preserving aroma, nutrients, and essential vitamins. By 1938, the Japanese firm Nippon Suisan had tested the devices, and methods of cold storage facilities and production facilities in Misaki, Nemuro, and Takao (Taiwan), focused primarily on farm shrimp marketed as Horai Shrimp in Japan, and frozen swordfish exported across the Pacific.\"","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The Z Process Quick Freezing Collection consists of pamphlets and a photograph album. The pamphlets contain information on the quick freezing method developed by Mikhail Trofimovich Zarochentsev. The photograph album consists of images related to the freezing methods and equipments. The quick freezing method acted as a sanitary method to freeze seafood, meats, fruits, and vegetables and to maintain their nutritional values and taste.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Materials in this collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2024.055"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Z Process Quick Freezing Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Z Process Quick Freezing Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Z Process Quick Freezing Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased by Special Collections in July 2021."],"access_subjects_ssim":["History of Food and Drink","Food Technology and Production"],"access_subjects_ssm":["History of Food and Drink","Food Technology and Production"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.3 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.3 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"date_range_isim":[1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged by document type.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged by document type."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003e\"The Frick System,\" August 1932, vol 4, no. 2\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e\"Frozen Foods: Dealing with Every Phase of the Quick Freezing of Perishable Foods -- Preparation Packaging, Freezing, Storage, Distribution,\" September 1936 \u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e\"The Z Processes for Quick-Freezing and Quick-Chilling Food Products,\" c. 1930s\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["\"The Frick System,\" August 1932, vol 4, no. 2","\"Frozen Foods: Dealing with Every Phase of the Quick Freezing of Perishable Foods -- Preparation Packaging, Freezing, Storage, Distribution,\" September 1936 ","\"The Z Processes for Quick-Freezing and Quick-Chilling Food Products,\" c. 1930s"],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Z Process Quick Freezing Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003cextref href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/extref\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Z Process Quick Freezing Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Z Process Quick Freezing Collection, c.1917 - 1937, Ms2024-055, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Z Process Quick Freezing Collection, c.1917 - 1937, Ms2024-055, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Z Process Quick Freezing Collection was completed in May 2024.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Z Process Quick Freezing Collection was completed in May 2024."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Z Process Quick Freezing Collection consists of pamphlets and a photograph album. The pamphlets contain information on the quick freezing method developed by Mikhail Trofimovich Zarochentsev. The photograph album consists of images related to the freezing methods and equipments. The quick freezing method acted as a sanitary method to freeze seafood, meats, fruits, and vegetables and to maintain their nutritional values and taste. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe pamphlets consist of three pamphlets, which are listed on the bibliography in the folder. The pamphlets explain how Zarochentsev created the Z Process, with details on the his methodology. One article tells of his experience developing the method, how he uses \"three of the known methods of heat transfer--radiation, conduction, and convections,\" and his successful work in Europe and the U.S. Another pamphlet describes the advantages of the Z Process over other freezing processes. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe photograph album contains 186 photographs that illustrate the refrigeration process, fishing vessells, packaging, animals, meats, and more. Most photos include captions. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAccording to the original sale document:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"This souvenir sales photo album, and accompanying literature document the extraordinary advancement in quick-freezing technology and food preservation by this pioneering Russian-American engineer. Zaronchentsev had developed a technique of placing all of the products to be frozen on mesh metal shelving which would then be sprayed with a calcium chloride brine solution as a mist, which speeded the freezing process. This method was entirely different from the flash freezing methods developed by Clarence Birdseye, whose innovations involved holding packaged food between two metal belts chilled to -45 degrees Fahrenheit, or under pressure between two hollow metal plates chilled to -25 degrees Fahrenheit through evaporation of ammonia, freezing items from 30-90 minutes. Zaronchentsev (b. 1879) who had pioneered refrigeration engineering while studying at the Institute of Transportation in Moscow prior to the Russian Revolution, later oversaw the construction of numerous packaging houses, cold storage facilities, and thousands of refrigerated railwar cars. From 1922 to 1927 he had become the general manager of the Estonion packing house A/S Kulmetus, with many of th ephotos here showing his work in Estonia, and across Europe during the period. In 1928, he contracted with the British firm H. Smethurst \u0026amp; Co. in Grimsby which used his technology to freeze, package and market frozen salmon rolls, fish ovals, fish cakes, and others, shown here in the photos, but three years later decided he would have to move to the U.S. for financing and build the company.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"In New York, he contracted initially with the Francis Metal Door \u0026amp; Window Corp. in Rochester, NY to build his specialty freezers, and equipment, and incorporated as the American Z Corporation, with branches in Brooklyn, NY and other locales. He also began setting up test farms to grow vegetables, fruits, and poultry, especially duck, to develop a whole line of locally sourced frozen goods using his equipment. The carefully annotated photographs show the many different products frozen and being frozen including green peas, frozen shrimp in pans and cartons, pork chops, ham and pork bellies, pork brains in cartons, lamb chops, duck, fish fillets, and sausages, including those in cellophane display cartons. The patented 'brine-fog-' method together with applied pure cane sugar prevented fruit from losing their colour, as well as preserving aroma, nutrients, and essential vitamins. By 1938, the Japanese firm Nippon Suisan had tested the devices, and methods of cold storage facilities and production facilities in Misaki, Nemuro, and Takao (Taiwan), focused primarily on farm shrimp marketed as Horai Shrimp in Japan, and frozen swordfish exported across the Pacific.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Z Process Quick Freezing Collection consists of pamphlets and a photograph album. The pamphlets contain information on the quick freezing method developed by Mikhail Trofimovich Zarochentsev. The photograph album consists of images related to the freezing methods and equipments. The quick freezing method acted as a sanitary method to freeze seafood, meats, fruits, and vegetables and to maintain their nutritional values and taste. ","The pamphlets consist of three pamphlets, which are listed on the bibliography in the folder. The pamphlets explain how Zarochentsev created the Z Process, with details on the his methodology. One article tells of his experience developing the method, how he uses \"three of the known methods of heat transfer--radiation, conduction, and convections,\" and his successful work in Europe and the U.S. Another pamphlet describes the advantages of the Z Process over other freezing processes. ","The photograph album contains 186 photographs that illustrate the refrigeration process, fishing vessells, packaging, animals, meats, and more. Most photos include captions. ","According to the original sale document:","\"This souvenir sales photo album, and accompanying literature document the extraordinary advancement in quick-freezing technology and food preservation by this pioneering Russian-American engineer. Zaronchentsev had developed a technique of placing all of the products to be frozen on mesh metal shelving which would then be sprayed with a calcium chloride brine solution as a mist, which speeded the freezing process. This method was entirely different from the flash freezing methods developed by Clarence Birdseye, whose innovations involved holding packaged food between two metal belts chilled to -45 degrees Fahrenheit, or under pressure between two hollow metal plates chilled to -25 degrees Fahrenheit through evaporation of ammonia, freezing items from 30-90 minutes. Zaronchentsev (b. 1879) who had pioneered refrigeration engineering while studying at the Institute of Transportation in Moscow prior to the Russian Revolution, later oversaw the construction of numerous packaging houses, cold storage facilities, and thousands of refrigerated railwar cars. From 1922 to 1927 he had become the general manager of the Estonion packing house A/S Kulmetus, with many of th ephotos here showing his work in Estonia, and across Europe during the period. In 1928, he contracted with the British firm H. Smethurst \u0026 Co. in Grimsby which used his technology to freeze, package and market frozen salmon rolls, fish ovals, fish cakes, and others, shown here in the photos, but three years later decided he would have to move to the U.S. for financing and build the company.","\"In New York, he contracted initially with the Francis Metal Door \u0026 Window Corp. in Rochester, NY to build his specialty freezers, and equipment, and incorporated as the American Z Corporation, with branches in Brooklyn, NY and other locales. He also began setting up test farms to grow vegetables, fruits, and poultry, especially duck, to develop a whole line of locally sourced frozen goods using his equipment. The carefully annotated photographs show the many different products frozen and being frozen including green peas, frozen shrimp in pans and cartons, pork chops, ham and pork bellies, pork brains in cartons, lamb chops, duck, fish fillets, and sausages, including those in cellophane display cartons. The patented 'brine-fog-' method together with applied pure cane sugar prevented fruit from losing their colour, as well as preserving aroma, nutrients, and essential vitamins. By 1938, the Japanese firm Nippon Suisan had tested the devices, and methods of cold storage facilities and production facilities in Misaki, Nemuro, and Takao (Taiwan), focused primarily on farm shrimp marketed as Horai Shrimp in Japan, and frozen swordfish exported across the Pacific.\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n\u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e9331d23f7f91063225a8e532a200388\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Z Process Quick Freezing Collection consists of pamphlets and a photograph album. The pamphlets contain information on the quick freezing method developed by Mikhail Trofimovich Zarochentsev. The photograph album consists of images related to the freezing methods and equipments. The quick freezing method acted as a sanitary method to freeze seafood, meats, fruits, and vegetables and to maintain their nutritional values and taste.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Z Process Quick Freezing Collection consists of pamphlets and a photograph album. The pamphlets contain information on the quick freezing method developed by Mikhail Trofimovich Zarochentsev. The photograph album consists of images related to the freezing methods and equipments. The quick freezing method acted as a sanitary method to freeze seafood, meats, fruits, and vegetables and to maintain their nutritional values and taste."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"language_ssim":["Materials in this collection are in English."],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:01:52.369Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4263","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4263","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4263","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4263","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_4263.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Z Process Quick Freezing Collection","title_ssm":["Z Process Quick Freezing Collection"],"title_tesim":["Z Process Quick Freezing Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["c.1917-1937"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["c.1917-1937"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2024.055"],"text":["Ms.2024.055","Z Process Quick Freezing Collection","History of Food and Drink","Food Technology and Production","The collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged by document type.","\"The Frick System,\" August 1932, vol 4, no. 2","\"Frozen Foods: Dealing with Every Phase of the Quick Freezing of Perishable Foods -- Preparation Packaging, Freezing, Storage, Distribution,\" September 1936 ","\"The Z Processes for Quick-Freezing and Quick-Chilling Food Products,\" c. 1930s","The guide to the Z Process Quick Freezing Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Z Process Quick Freezing Collection was completed in May 2024.","The Z Process Quick Freezing Collection consists of pamphlets and a photograph album. The pamphlets contain information on the quick freezing method developed by Mikhail Trofimovich Zarochentsev. The photograph album consists of images related to the freezing methods and equipments. The quick freezing method acted as a sanitary method to freeze seafood, meats, fruits, and vegetables and to maintain their nutritional values and taste. ","The pamphlets consist of three pamphlets, which are listed on the bibliography in the folder. The pamphlets explain how Zarochentsev created the Z Process, with details on the his methodology. One article tells of his experience developing the method, how he uses \"three of the known methods of heat transfer--radiation, conduction, and convections,\" and his successful work in Europe and the U.S. Another pamphlet describes the advantages of the Z Process over other freezing processes. ","The photograph album contains 186 photographs that illustrate the refrigeration process, fishing vessells, packaging, animals, meats, and more. Most photos include captions. ","According to the original sale document:","\"This souvenir sales photo album, and accompanying literature document the extraordinary advancement in quick-freezing technology and food preservation by this pioneering Russian-American engineer. Zaronchentsev had developed a technique of placing all of the products to be frozen on mesh metal shelving which would then be sprayed with a calcium chloride brine solution as a mist, which speeded the freezing process. This method was entirely different from the flash freezing methods developed by Clarence Birdseye, whose innovations involved holding packaged food between two metal belts chilled to -45 degrees Fahrenheit, or under pressure between two hollow metal plates chilled to -25 degrees Fahrenheit through evaporation of ammonia, freezing items from 30-90 minutes. Zaronchentsev (b. 1879) who had pioneered refrigeration engineering while studying at the Institute of Transportation in Moscow prior to the Russian Revolution, later oversaw the construction of numerous packaging houses, cold storage facilities, and thousands of refrigerated railwar cars. From 1922 to 1927 he had become the general manager of the Estonion packing house A/S Kulmetus, with many of th ephotos here showing his work in Estonia, and across Europe during the period. In 1928, he contracted with the British firm H. Smethurst \u0026 Co. in Grimsby which used his technology to freeze, package and market frozen salmon rolls, fish ovals, fish cakes, and others, shown here in the photos, but three years later decided he would have to move to the U.S. for financing and build the company.","\"In New York, he contracted initially with the Francis Metal Door \u0026 Window Corp. in Rochester, NY to build his specialty freezers, and equipment, and incorporated as the American Z Corporation, with branches in Brooklyn, NY and other locales. He also began setting up test farms to grow vegetables, fruits, and poultry, especially duck, to develop a whole line of locally sourced frozen goods using his equipment. The carefully annotated photographs show the many different products frozen and being frozen including green peas, frozen shrimp in pans and cartons, pork chops, ham and pork bellies, pork brains in cartons, lamb chops, duck, fish fillets, and sausages, including those in cellophane display cartons. The patented 'brine-fog-' method together with applied pure cane sugar prevented fruit from losing their colour, as well as preserving aroma, nutrients, and essential vitamins. By 1938, the Japanese firm Nippon Suisan had tested the devices, and methods of cold storage facilities and production facilities in Misaki, Nemuro, and Takao (Taiwan), focused primarily on farm shrimp marketed as Horai Shrimp in Japan, and frozen swordfish exported across the Pacific.\"","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The Z Process Quick Freezing Collection consists of pamphlets and a photograph album. The pamphlets contain information on the quick freezing method developed by Mikhail Trofimovich Zarochentsev. The photograph album consists of images related to the freezing methods and equipments. The quick freezing method acted as a sanitary method to freeze seafood, meats, fruits, and vegetables and to maintain their nutritional values and taste.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Materials in this collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2024.055"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Z Process Quick Freezing Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Z Process Quick Freezing Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Z Process Quick Freezing Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased by Special Collections in July 2021."],"access_subjects_ssim":["History of Food and Drink","Food Technology and Production"],"access_subjects_ssm":["History of Food and Drink","Food Technology and Production"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.3 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.3 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"date_range_isim":[1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged by document type.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged by document type."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003e\"The Frick System,\" August 1932, vol 4, no. 2\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e\"Frozen Foods: Dealing with Every Phase of the Quick Freezing of Perishable Foods -- Preparation Packaging, Freezing, Storage, Distribution,\" September 1936 \u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e\"The Z Processes for Quick-Freezing and Quick-Chilling Food Products,\" c. 1930s\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["\"The Frick System,\" August 1932, vol 4, no. 2","\"Frozen Foods: Dealing with Every Phase of the Quick Freezing of Perishable Foods -- Preparation Packaging, Freezing, Storage, Distribution,\" September 1936 ","\"The Z Processes for Quick-Freezing and Quick-Chilling Food Products,\" c. 1930s"],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Z Process Quick Freezing Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003cextref href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/extref\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Z Process Quick Freezing Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Z Process Quick Freezing Collection, c.1917 - 1937, Ms2024-055, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Z Process Quick Freezing Collection, c.1917 - 1937, Ms2024-055, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Z Process Quick Freezing Collection was completed in May 2024.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Z Process Quick Freezing Collection was completed in May 2024."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Z Process Quick Freezing Collection consists of pamphlets and a photograph album. The pamphlets contain information on the quick freezing method developed by Mikhail Trofimovich Zarochentsev. The photograph album consists of images related to the freezing methods and equipments. The quick freezing method acted as a sanitary method to freeze seafood, meats, fruits, and vegetables and to maintain their nutritional values and taste. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe pamphlets consist of three pamphlets, which are listed on the bibliography in the folder. The pamphlets explain how Zarochentsev created the Z Process, with details on the his methodology. One article tells of his experience developing the method, how he uses \"three of the known methods of heat transfer--radiation, conduction, and convections,\" and his successful work in Europe and the U.S. Another pamphlet describes the advantages of the Z Process over other freezing processes. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe photograph album contains 186 photographs that illustrate the refrigeration process, fishing vessells, packaging, animals, meats, and more. Most photos include captions. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAccording to the original sale document:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"This souvenir sales photo album, and accompanying literature document the extraordinary advancement in quick-freezing technology and food preservation by this pioneering Russian-American engineer. Zaronchentsev had developed a technique of placing all of the products to be frozen on mesh metal shelving which would then be sprayed with a calcium chloride brine solution as a mist, which speeded the freezing process. This method was entirely different from the flash freezing methods developed by Clarence Birdseye, whose innovations involved holding packaged food between two metal belts chilled to -45 degrees Fahrenheit, or under pressure between two hollow metal plates chilled to -25 degrees Fahrenheit through evaporation of ammonia, freezing items from 30-90 minutes. Zaronchentsev (b. 1879) who had pioneered refrigeration engineering while studying at the Institute of Transportation in Moscow prior to the Russian Revolution, later oversaw the construction of numerous packaging houses, cold storage facilities, and thousands of refrigerated railwar cars. From 1922 to 1927 he had become the general manager of the Estonion packing house A/S Kulmetus, with many of th ephotos here showing his work in Estonia, and across Europe during the period. In 1928, he contracted with the British firm H. Smethurst \u0026amp; Co. in Grimsby which used his technology to freeze, package and market frozen salmon rolls, fish ovals, fish cakes, and others, shown here in the photos, but three years later decided he would have to move to the U.S. for financing and build the company.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"In New York, he contracted initially with the Francis Metal Door \u0026amp; Window Corp. in Rochester, NY to build his specialty freezers, and equipment, and incorporated as the American Z Corporation, with branches in Brooklyn, NY and other locales. He also began setting up test farms to grow vegetables, fruits, and poultry, especially duck, to develop a whole line of locally sourced frozen goods using his equipment. The carefully annotated photographs show the many different products frozen and being frozen including green peas, frozen shrimp in pans and cartons, pork chops, ham and pork bellies, pork brains in cartons, lamb chops, duck, fish fillets, and sausages, including those in cellophane display cartons. The patented 'brine-fog-' method together with applied pure cane sugar prevented fruit from losing their colour, as well as preserving aroma, nutrients, and essential vitamins. By 1938, the Japanese firm Nippon Suisan had tested the devices, and methods of cold storage facilities and production facilities in Misaki, Nemuro, and Takao (Taiwan), focused primarily on farm shrimp marketed as Horai Shrimp in Japan, and frozen swordfish exported across the Pacific.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Z Process Quick Freezing Collection consists of pamphlets and a photograph album. The pamphlets contain information on the quick freezing method developed by Mikhail Trofimovich Zarochentsev. The photograph album consists of images related to the freezing methods and equipments. The quick freezing method acted as a sanitary method to freeze seafood, meats, fruits, and vegetables and to maintain their nutritional values and taste. ","The pamphlets consist of three pamphlets, which are listed on the bibliography in the folder. The pamphlets explain how Zarochentsev created the Z Process, with details on the his methodology. One article tells of his experience developing the method, how he uses \"three of the known methods of heat transfer--radiation, conduction, and convections,\" and his successful work in Europe and the U.S. Another pamphlet describes the advantages of the Z Process over other freezing processes. ","The photograph album contains 186 photographs that illustrate the refrigeration process, fishing vessells, packaging, animals, meats, and more. Most photos include captions. ","According to the original sale document:","\"This souvenir sales photo album, and accompanying literature document the extraordinary advancement in quick-freezing technology and food preservation by this pioneering Russian-American engineer. Zaronchentsev had developed a technique of placing all of the products to be frozen on mesh metal shelving which would then be sprayed with a calcium chloride brine solution as a mist, which speeded the freezing process. This method was entirely different from the flash freezing methods developed by Clarence Birdseye, whose innovations involved holding packaged food between two metal belts chilled to -45 degrees Fahrenheit, or under pressure between two hollow metal plates chilled to -25 degrees Fahrenheit through evaporation of ammonia, freezing items from 30-90 minutes. Zaronchentsev (b. 1879) who had pioneered refrigeration engineering while studying at the Institute of Transportation in Moscow prior to the Russian Revolution, later oversaw the construction of numerous packaging houses, cold storage facilities, and thousands of refrigerated railwar cars. From 1922 to 1927 he had become the general manager of the Estonion packing house A/S Kulmetus, with many of th ephotos here showing his work in Estonia, and across Europe during the period. In 1928, he contracted with the British firm H. Smethurst \u0026 Co. in Grimsby which used his technology to freeze, package and market frozen salmon rolls, fish ovals, fish cakes, and others, shown here in the photos, but three years later decided he would have to move to the U.S. for financing and build the company.","\"In New York, he contracted initially with the Francis Metal Door \u0026 Window Corp. in Rochester, NY to build his specialty freezers, and equipment, and incorporated as the American Z Corporation, with branches in Brooklyn, NY and other locales. He also began setting up test farms to grow vegetables, fruits, and poultry, especially duck, to develop a whole line of locally sourced frozen goods using his equipment. The carefully annotated photographs show the many different products frozen and being frozen including green peas, frozen shrimp in pans and cartons, pork chops, ham and pork bellies, pork brains in cartons, lamb chops, duck, fish fillets, and sausages, including those in cellophane display cartons. The patented 'brine-fog-' method together with applied pure cane sugar prevented fruit from losing their colour, as well as preserving aroma, nutrients, and essential vitamins. By 1938, the Japanese firm Nippon Suisan had tested the devices, and methods of cold storage facilities and production facilities in Misaki, Nemuro, and Takao (Taiwan), focused primarily on farm shrimp marketed as Horai Shrimp in Japan, and frozen swordfish exported across the Pacific.\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n\u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e9331d23f7f91063225a8e532a200388\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Z Process Quick Freezing Collection consists of pamphlets and a photograph album. The pamphlets contain information on the quick freezing method developed by Mikhail Trofimovich Zarochentsev. The photograph album consists of images related to the freezing methods and equipments. The quick freezing method acted as a sanitary method to freeze seafood, meats, fruits, and vegetables and to maintain their nutritional values and taste.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Z Process Quick Freezing Collection consists of pamphlets and a photograph album. The pamphlets contain information on the quick freezing method developed by Mikhail Trofimovich Zarochentsev. The photograph album consists of images related to the freezing methods and equipments. The quick freezing method acted as a sanitary method to freeze seafood, meats, fruits, and vegetables and to maintain their nutritional values and taste."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"language_ssim":["Materials in this collection are in English."],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:01:52.369Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4263"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria Library","value":"Alexandria Library","hits":265},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"College of William and Mary","value":"College of William and Mary","hits":3791},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=College+of+William+and+Mary\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Colonial Williamsburg","value":"Colonial Williamsburg","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Colonial+Williamsburg\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Edgar Cayce Foundation","value":"Edgar Cayce Foundation","hits":25},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Edgar+Cayce+Foundation\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Fairfax County Public Library","value":"Fairfax County Public Library","hits":58},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Fairfax+County+Public+Library\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"George Mason University","value":"George Mason University","hits":510},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Hampden-Sydney College","value":"Hampden-Sydney College","hits":80},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Hampden-Sydney+College\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"James Madison University","value":"James Madison University","hits":965},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Library of Virginia","value":"Library of Virginia","hits":23},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Longwood University","value":"Longwood University","hits":112},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Longwood+University\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Old Dominion University","value":"Old Dominion University","hits":598},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Old+Dominion+University\u0026view=list"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026view=list"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"8th Evacuation Hospital collection","value":"8th Evacuation Hospital collection","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=8th+Evacuation+Hospital+collection\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A Historical Map of Virginia. GHQ Committee of the Kappa Alpha order","value":"A Historical Map of Virginia. GHQ Committee of the Kappa Alpha order","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=A+Historical+Map+of+Virginia.+GHQ+Committee+of+the+Kappa+Alpha+order\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A. E. Dick Howard papers","value":"A. E. Dick Howard papers","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=A.+E.+Dick+Howard+papers\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A. H. Hand Papers","value":"A. H. Hand Papers","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=A.+H.+Hand+Papers\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A. J. Davis Family Collection","value":"A. J. Davis Family Collection","hits":7},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=A.+J.+Davis+Family+Collection\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A. J. Gustin Priest papers","value":"A. J. Gustin Priest papers","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=A.+J.+Gustin+Priest+papers\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A. K. Leake Papers","value":"A. K. Leake Papers","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=A.+K.+Leake+Papers\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A. Philip Randolph, Civil Rights and Labor Leader, Papers","value":"A. Philip Randolph, Civil Rights and Labor Leader, Papers","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=A.+Philip+Randolph%2C+Civil+Rights+and+Labor+Leader%2C+Papers\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A. Rufus Tonelson Papers","value":"A. Rufus Tonelson Papers","hits":3},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=A.+Rufus+Tonelson+Papers\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A. S. Lara papers","value":"A. S. Lara papers","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=A.+S.+Lara+papers\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A. Willis Robertson Papers","value":"A. Willis Robertson Papers","hits":12},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=A.+Willis+Robertson+Papers\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026view=list"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/collection_ssim.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026view=list"}},{"type":"facet","id":"date_range_isim","attributes":{"label":"Date range","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"0","value":"0","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=0\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"994","value":"994","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=994\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"995","value":"995","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=995\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"996","value":"996","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=996\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"997","value":"997","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=997\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"998","value":"998","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=998\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"999","value":"999","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=999\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1000","value":"1000","hits":3},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1000\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1001","value":"1001","hits":3},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1001\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1002","value":"1002","hits":3},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1002\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1003","value":"1003","hits":3},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1003\u0026view=list"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/date_range_isim.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026view=list"}},{"type":"facet","id":"creator_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Creator","items":[{"attributes":{"label":" Scott, Ann Norvell Otey","value":" Scott, Ann Norvell Otey","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=+Scott%2C+Ann+Norvell+Otey\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A La Vieille Russie (Firm)","value":"A La Vieille Russie (Firm)","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=A+La+Vieille+Russie+%28Firm%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Aaron Siskind Foundation","value":"Aaron Siskind Foundation","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Aaron+Siskind+Foundation\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Aaron family","value":"Aaron family","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Aaron+family\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts","value":"Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Academy+of+Sciences+and+Fine+Arts\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Ackerson, John Thaddeus, 1898-1975","value":"Ackerson, John Thaddeus, 1898-1975","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Ackerson%2C+John+Thaddeus%2C+1898-1975\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Adam, William R. (William Robert), 1918-1992","value":"Adam, William R. (William Robert), 1918-1992","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Adam%2C+William+R.+%28William+Robert%29%2C+1918-1992\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Adams, Elizabeth Kent","value":"Adams, Elizabeth Kent","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Adams%2C+Elizabeth+Kent\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Adams, Floride Harding, 1887-1965","value":"Adams, Floride Harding, 1887-1965","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Adams%2C+Floride+Harding%2C+1887-1965\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Adams, John N., Jr. (John Newton)","value":"Adams, John N., Jr. (John Newton)","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Adams%2C+John+N.%2C+Jr.+%28John+Newton%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Adams, John Quincy, 1767-1848","value":"Adams, John Quincy, 1767-1848","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Adams%2C+John+Quincy%2C+1767-1848\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026view=list"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/creator_ssim.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026view=list"}},{"type":"facet","id":"names_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Names","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"\n                     Brentano's","value":"\n                     Brentano's","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=%0A+++++++++++++++++++++Brentano%27s\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"\n                  Wyatt","value":"\n                  Wyatt","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=%0A++++++++++++++++++Wyatt\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":" Caruthers, William Alexander","value":" Caruthers, William Alexander","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=+Caruthers%2C+William+Alexander\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":" Los Angeles Times (Firm)","value":" Los Angeles Times (Firm)","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=+Los+Angeles+Times+%28Firm%29\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":" Preston, William","value":" Preston, William","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=+Preston%2C+William\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":" Scott, Ann Norvell Otey","value":" Scott, Ann Norvell Otey","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=+Scott%2C+Ann+Norvell+Otey\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":" United States. Civil Aeronautics Board","value":" United States. Civil Aeronautics Board","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=+United+States.+Civil+Aeronautics+Board\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"4-H Clubs - West Virginia.","value":"4-H Clubs - West Virginia.","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=4-H+Clubs+-+West+Virginia.\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"4-H clubs","value":"4-H clubs","hits":3},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=4-H+clubs\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A La Vieille Russie (Firm)","value":"A La Vieille Russie (Firm)","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=A+La+Vieille+Russie+%28Firm%29\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A. Cooke Garnett","value":"A. Cooke Garnett","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=A.+Cooke+Garnett\u0026view=list"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/names_ssim.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026view=list"}},{"type":"facet","id":"geogname_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Places","items":[{"attributes":{"label":" Ohio County (W. Va.) -- Archives","value":" Ohio County (W. Va.) -- Archives","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=+Ohio+County+%28W.+Va.%29+--+Archives\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":" United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","value":" United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","hits":8},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=+United+States+--+History+--+Civil+War%2C+1861-1865\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Abb's Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","value":"Abb's Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Abb%27s+Valley+%28Va.+and+W.+Va.%29\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Accomack County (Va.)--History","value":"Accomack County (Va.)--History","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Accomack+County+%28Va.%29--History\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Accomack County, V.A.","value":"Accomack County, V.A.","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Accomack+County%2C+V.A.\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Africa","value":"Africa","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Africa\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Africa, East--Maps","value":"Africa, East--Maps","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Africa%2C+East--Maps\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Africa, Southern -- Description and travel","value":"Africa, Southern -- Description and travel","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Africa%2C+Southern+--+Description+and+travel\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Africa--Description and travel","value":"Africa--Description and travel","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Africa--Description+and+travel\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Aguaruna indigenous group","value":"Aguaruna indigenous group","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Aguaruna+indigenous+group\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alabama","value":"Alabama","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Alabama\u0026view=list"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/geogname_ssim.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026view=list"}},{"type":"facet","id":"access_subjects_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Subjects","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"\tUnited States. Army--Artillery","value":"\tUnited States. Army--Artillery","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=%09United+States.+Army--Artillery\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":" African American businesspeople -- Virginia -- Culpeper -- 20th century","value":" African American businesspeople -- Virginia -- Culpeper -- 20th century","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=+African+American+businesspeople+--+Virginia+--+Culpeper+--+20th+century\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":" Arson","value":" Arson","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=+Arson\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":" Business enterprises -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","value":" Business enterprises -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=+Business+enterprises+--+Virginia+--+Harrisonburg\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":" Forest management -- Massanutten National Forest (Va.)","value":" Forest management -- Massanutten National Forest (Va.)","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=+Forest+management+--+Massanutten+National+Forest+%28Va.%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":" Meteorology -- West Virginia -- Pendleton County -- Statistics","value":" Meteorology -- West Virginia -- Pendleton County -- Statistics","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=+Meteorology+--+West+Virginia+--+Pendleton+County+--+Statistics\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":" New Market, Battle of, New Market, Va., 1864—Anniversaries","value":" New Market, Battle of, New Market, Va., 1864—Anniversaries","hits":3},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=+New+Market%2C+Battle+of%2C+New+Market%2C+Va.%2C+1864%E2%80%94Anniversaries\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":" Recreation areas -- George Washington National Forest (Va. and W. Va.)","value":" Recreation areas -- George Washington National Forest (Va. and W. Va.)","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=+Recreation+areas+--+George+Washington+National+Forest+%28Va.+and+W.+Va.%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":" Tobacco -- Cooperative Marketing -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","value":" Tobacco -- Cooperative Marketing -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=+Tobacco+--+Cooperative+Marketing+--+Virginia+--+Rockingham+County\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":" Women's Scrapbook/ Commonplace Book Collections (University of Virginia)","value":" Women's Scrapbook/ Commonplace Book Collections (University of Virginia)","hits":4},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=+Women%27s+Scrapbook%2F+Commonplace+Book+Collections+%28University+of+Virginia%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"19th Century U.S. Newspapers","value":"19th Century U.S. Newspapers","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=19th+Century+U.S.+Newspapers\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026view=list"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/access_subjects_ssim.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026view=list"}},{"type":"facet","id":"level_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Level","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Box","value":"Box","hits":628},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Box\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Box ","value":"Box ","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Box+\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Cabinet drawer","value":"Cabinet drawer","hits":5},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Cabinet+drawer\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Class","value":"Class","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Class\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Collection","value":"Collection","hits":3303},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"File","value":"File","hits":14147},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=File\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Fonds","value":"Fonds","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Fonds\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Item","value":"Item","hits":3915},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Item\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Package","value":"Package","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Package\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Partial box","value":"Partial box","hits":6},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Partial+box\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Record Group","value":"Record Group","hits":32},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Record+Group\u0026view=list"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/level_ssim.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026view=list"}},{"type":"facet","id":"access","attributes":{"label":"Access","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Online access","value":"online","hits":39},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026view=list"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/access.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026view=list"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"all_fields","attributes":{"label":"All Fields"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026page=2481\u0026search_field=all_fields\u0026view=list"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"keyword","attributes":{"label":"Keyword"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026page=2481\u0026search_field=keyword\u0026view=list"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"name","attributes":{"label":"Name"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026page=2481\u0026search_field=name\u0026view=list"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"place","attributes":{"label":"Place"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026page=2481\u0026search_field=place\u0026view=list"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"subject","attributes":{"label":"Subject"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026page=2481\u0026search_field=subject\u0026view=list"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"title","attributes":{"label":"Title"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026page=2481\u0026search_field=title\u0026view=list"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"container","attributes":{"label":"Container"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026page=2481\u0026search_field=container\u0026view=list"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"identifier","attributes":{"label":"Identifier"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026page=2481\u0026search_field=identifier\u0026view=list"}},{"type":"sort","id":"score desc, title_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"relevance"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026page=2481\u0026sort=score+desc%2C+title_sort+asc\u0026view=list"}},{"type":"sort","id":"date_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"date (ascending)"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026page=2481\u0026sort=date_sort+asc\u0026view=list"}},{"type":"sort","id":"date_sort desc","attributes":{"label":"date (descending)"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026page=2481\u0026sort=date_sort+desc\u0026view=list"}},{"type":"sort","id":"creator_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"creator (A-Z)"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026page=2481\u0026sort=creator_sort+asc\u0026view=list"}},{"type":"sort","id":"creator_sort desc","attributes":{"label":"creator (Z-A)"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026page=2481\u0026sort=creator_sort+desc\u0026view=list"}},{"type":"sort","id":"title_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"title (A-Z)"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026page=2481\u0026sort=title_sort+asc\u0026view=list"}},{"type":"sort","id":"title_sort desc","attributes":{"label":"title (Z-A)"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026page=2481\u0026sort=title_sort+desc\u0026view=list"}}]}