{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1923\u0026page=2455\u0026view=compact","prev":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1923\u0026page=2454\u0026view=compact","next":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1923\u0026page=2456\u0026view=compact","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1923\u0026page=2467\u0026view=compact"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":2455,"next_page":2456,"prev_page":2454,"total_pages":2467,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":24540,"total_count":24670,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1578_c01_c02_c140","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Writings - Reynolds, Mabel (m. Glasscock)","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1578_c01_c02_c140#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1578_c01_c02_c140","ref_ssm":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1578_c01_c02_c140"],"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1578_c01_c02_c140","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1578","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1578","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1578_c01_c02","parent_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1578_c01_c02","parent_ssim":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1578","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1578_c01","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1578_c01_c02"],"parent_ids_ssim":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1578","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1578_c01","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1578_c01_c02"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["West Virginia University, Women's Studies Center, Women's Centenary, Records","Series 1. Research","Sub-Series 2. Families and Individuals"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["West Virginia University, Women's Studies Center, Women's Centenary, Records","Series 1. Research","Sub-Series 2. Families and Individuals"],"text":["West Virginia University, Women's Studies Center, Women's Centenary, Records","Series 1. Research","Sub-Series 2. Families and Individuals","Writings - Reynolds, Mabel (m. Glasscock)","Box 9","Folder 1"],"title_filing_ssi":"Writings - Reynolds, Mabel (m. Glasscock)","title_ssm":["Writings - Reynolds, Mabel (m. Glasscock)"],"title_tesim":["Writings - Reynolds, Mabel (m. Glasscock)"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1893-1988 and undated"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1893/1988"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Writings - Reynolds, Mabel (m. Glasscock)"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"collection_ssim":["West Virginia University, Women's Studies Center, Women's Centenary, Records"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":234,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Materials in box 21 are restricted due to the presence of student works and resumes. Materials in box 21 may be accessed 75 years after the latest date of creation, starting in 2061.","Researchers may access digitized and born digital materials by visiting the link attached to each item or by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc. "],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"date_range_isim":[1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988],"containers_ssim":["Box 9","Folder 1"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#1/components#139","timestamp":"2026-06-04T15:06:42.135Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1578","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1578","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1578","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1578","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_1578.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/195854","title_ssm":["West Virginia University, Women's Studies Center, Women's Centenary, Records"],"title_tesim":["West Virginia University, Women's Studies Center, Women's Centenary, Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1849-2000 and undated","1890-1992"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1890-1992"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1849-2000 and undated"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 3376","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1578"],"text":["A\u0026M 3376","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1578","West Virginia University, Women's Studies Center, Women's Centenary, Records","West Virginia Feminist Activist and Women's History Collection","West Virginia University  --  Women's Centenary (1891-1991)","Women --  Education","Women in higher education","Adult education of women","Special events - West Virginia University.","Materials in box 21 are restricted due to the presence of student works and resumes. Materials in box 21 may be accessed 75 years after the latest date of creation, starting in 2061.","Researchers may access digitized and born digital materials by visiting the link attached to each item or by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc. ","The Center for Women's and Gender Studies (CWGS) is an academic unit within West Virginia University's Eberly College of Arts and Sciences that offers a central location for discourse relative to the field of women's and gender studies. CWGS finds its origins in an informal Caucus for Women's Concerns formed in 1972 within West Viginia University (WVU) to \"achieve equitable treatment of women.\" In 1977, the Caucus submitted recommendations to then-WVU President Gene Budig regarding the establishment of a women's studies program and an advisory council on women's concerns. In response to these recommendations, the Caucus was officially accepted by the university as the Council for Women's Concerns (CWC), which included a Women's Studies Subcommittee formed to research and help facilitate a formal women's studies program.","The first proposal for a women's studies program was submitted to the CWC by Renata Pore in 1978, upon which a search committee headed by Dr. Enid Portnoy of the English Department was established. In 1980, the Women's Studies Program (WSP) was officially established as an interdisciplinary program in the College of Arts and Sciences. Judith Stitzel, a founding member of the CWC, was selected to serve as the first part-time coordinator of the WSP.","Under Stitzel's direction, the WSP developed an undergraduate Certificate Program in Women's Studies to be first offered in 1984. Simultaneously, the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) was established in the Office of the Vice President for Academic Affairs and Research to provide a collective space for students to gather. Judith Stitzel was made the founding director of the center, a position she would hold until 1992, making her the longest consecutive director of the center. The CWS would become affiliated with the Eberly College of Arts and Sciences in 1993.","The first undergraduate Certificates in Women's Studies at WVU were awarded to six students in 1986, the same year the first Master of Arts in Liberal Studies (MALS) graduated in Women's Studies. The Carrie Koeteurius Scholarship, which is still offered as of 2024, was first awarded to Deborah Gregory Eck and Lilo Ast in 1987.","One of the early major projects of the CWC, the Women's Centenary, \"Excellence Through Equity\" began planning in 1987 with Dr. Lillian Waugh being chosen as the research coordinator. After several years of planning and research, the Women's Centenary commenced in September 1989 on the 100-year anniversary of the first group of women to be admitted to WVU as degree candidates. Events were held over a two-year period, including lecture series, galas, building rededications, historical tours, exhibits, time capsule creations, and county-wide engagements. The Women's Centenary culminated with a convocation in 1991 on the 100-year anniversary of the first woman to graduate from WVU, Harriet Lyon.","In 1992, Judith Stitzel stepped down as director of the CWC, and the position was taken up by Helen Bannan from 1994 to 1998. Under Barbara Howe's directorship from 1998 to 2007, a BA and undergraduate minor in women's studies was established to coexist with the Certificate in Women's Studies. The first WVU women's studies major, Jamie Lynn Baxter, graduated in December 2003.","Janice Spleth served as interim director between 2008 and 2009, before Ann Oberhauser took directorship in 2009. Under her leadership in 2012, the CWC was renamed the Center for Women's and Gender Studies to incorporate a larger scale of classes and topics. After Oberhauser stepped down in 2013, Jennifer Orlikoff took directorship until 2016. Between 2016 and 2019, Cari Carpenter and Kasi Jackson served as interim directors, during which the LGBTQ+ Center was opened. In 2019, Sharon Bird became director, a position she still holds as of October 2024. In 2021, the Center for Women's and Gender Studies moved into its home in the Hodges Hall, Suite 505.","This collection contains materials collected or created by the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) while researching and preparing for the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Centenary between 1989 and 1991. While research and planning materials are the most prevalent materials in the collection, there are also administrive and ephemeral materials. The majority of materials relate to women at WVU, particularly during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Included are bigoraphies, notes, photographs, correspondence, newspaper clippings, essays, programs, rosters, and exhibit panels.","The colleciton is divided into four series, with additional sub-series as indicated below.","Series 1: Research, 1849-2000 and undated","- Sub-Series 1: Exhibit Panels, circa 1875-1990 and undated\n- Sub-Series 2: Families and Individuals, 1870-2000 and undated\n- Sub-Series 3: West Virginia University (WVU), 1849-2000 and undated","Series 2: Planning, 1858-1996 and undated","Series 3: Administration, 1875-1997 and undated","Series 4: Ephemera, undated","An addendum of 2012 August 14 can be found in series 4 as item 1.\nAn addendum of 2019 March 28 can be found in boxes 19 and 20. ","This series contains materials collected or created by the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) while researching for the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Centenary. It prominently contains research relating to early women who attended WVU such as Harriet Lyon-Jewett and Sallie Lowther Norris. Also included are martials created by using the completed research, such as exhibit panels and newspaper articles. Other materials include notes, correspondence, photographs, rosters, and biographies.","This sub-series contains exhibit panels created by the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) while researching for the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Centenary.","This sub-series contains materials collected and created by the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) while researching for the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Centenary and relating to early individuals and families affiliated with the university, primarily women.","Contains floppy disk (digitized)","VHS Tape","This sub-series contains materials collected or created by the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) during research for the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Centenary. It primarily consists of research on general aspects of WVU during the introduction of coeducation.","This series contains materials collected and created by the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) while planning for the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Centenary.","Contains floppy disc","Contains floppy disc","This series contains materials collected or created by the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) while facilitating operations and management during the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Centenary.","This series contains ephemeral material created by the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) for the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Centenary.","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 6","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 7","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 8","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 9","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 4","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 5","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 6","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 7","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 8","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 9","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 18, Folder 1","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 10","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 11","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 19","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 19","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 20","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 4, Folder 56","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 4, Folder 59","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 5, Folder 1","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 5, Folder 8","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 5, Folder 10","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 5, Folder 16","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 5, Folder 28","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 5, Folder 31","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 7, Folder 40","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 4, Folder 8","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 4, Folder 28","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 4, Folder 36","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 4, Folder 46","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 4, Folder 50","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 7, Folder 15","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 3, Folder 34","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 1","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 13, Folder 1","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 2","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 1","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 18, Folder 2","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 3","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 2","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3367, Box 16, Folder 4","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 5","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 13, Folder 2","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 18, Folder 3","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 10","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 13, Folder 3","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 12","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 11","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 13","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 12","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 13","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 17","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 13, Folder 7","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 18","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 21","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 26","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 3, Folder 32","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 4, Folder 7","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 5, Folder 62","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 5, Folder 66","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 8, Folder 7","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 8, Folder 25","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 8, Folder 26","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 3, Folder 23","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 4, Folder 13","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 5, Folder 59","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 7, Folder 45","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 3, Folder 18","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 3, Folder 27","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 4, Folder 5","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 4, Folder 11","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 5, Folder 36","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 5, Folder 63","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 6, Folder 4","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 6, Folder 26","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 8, Folder 10","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 11, Folder 8","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 3, Folder 41","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 5, Folder 35","Oversize materials moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 3","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 18, Folder 5","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 14","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 13, Folder 4","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 15","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 15","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 18, Folder 6","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 16","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 18, Folder 7","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 17","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 18","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 16","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 13, Folder 5","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 13, Folder 6","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 18, Folder 8","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 13, Folder 8","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 13, Folder 9","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 22","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 23","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 21","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 18, Folder 9","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 24","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 22","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 23","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 24","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 25","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 26","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 13, Folder 10","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 27","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 18, Folder 10","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 25","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 18, Folder 11","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 4, Folder 17","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 6, Folder 46","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 7, Folder 31","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 8, Folder 33","Removed from A\u0026M 3367, Box 8, Folder 42","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 9, Folder 16","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 9, Folder 34","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 9, Folder 35","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 9, Folder 36","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 10, Folder 2","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 6, Folder 38","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 7, Folder 33","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 7, Folder 37","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 7, Folder 63","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 7, Folder 71","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 10, Folder 1","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 6, Folder 36","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 6, Folder 45","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 6, Folder 49","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 7, Folder 2","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 7, Folder 3","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 8, Folder 14","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 8, Folder 28","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 8, Folder 41","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 10, Folder 8","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 6, Folder 34","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 6, Folder 47","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 7, Folder 1","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 7, Folder 61","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 8, Folder 40","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 10, Folder 3","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 10, Folder 9","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 14","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 18, Folder 4","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 20","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 6, Folder 29","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 7, Folder 53","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 6, Folder 32","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","This collection contains materials collected or created by the WVU Center for Women's Studies (CWS) in preparation for the Women's Centenary between 1989 and 1991. It mostly consists of research on early women students at WVU as well as planning materials for events to commemorate the Women's Centenary.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536 / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","West Virginia University. Center for Women's Studies","Waugh, Lillian J., 1941-2018","Howe, Barbara J.","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 3376","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1578"],"normalized_title_ssm":["West Virginia University, Women's Studies Center, Women's Centenary, Records"],"collection_title_tesim":["West Virginia University, Women's Studies Center, Women's Centenary, Records"],"collection_ssim":["West Virginia University, Women's Studies Center, Women's Centenary, Records"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"creator_ssm":["West Virginia University. Center for Women's Studies","Waugh, Lillian J., 1941-2018","Howe, Barbara J."],"creator_ssim":["West Virginia University. Center for Women's Studies","Waugh, Lillian J., 1941-2018","Howe, Barbara J."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Waugh, Lillian J., 1941-2018","Howe, Barbara J."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia University. Center for Women's Studies"],"creators_ssim":["Waugh, Lillian J., 1941-2018","Howe, Barbara J.","West Virginia University. Center for Women's Studies"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Transfer from WVU, Women's Studies Center, Waugh, Lillian, 2001 February 16","Gift from Waugh, Lillian J., 2012 August 14","Gift from Howe, Barbara J., 2019 March 28"],"access_subjects_ssim":["West Virginia Feminist Activist and Women's History Collection","West Virginia University  --  Women's Centenary (1891-1991)","Women --  Education","Women in higher education","Adult education of women","Special events - West Virginia University."],"access_subjects_ssm":["West Virginia Feminist Activist and Women's History Collection","West Virginia University  --  Women's Centenary (1891-1991)","Women --  Education","Women in higher education","Adult education of women","Special events - West Virginia University."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["16.33 Linear Feet 11 record cartons, 15 in. each; 1 document case, 5 in.; 1 document case, 2.5 in.; 3 flat storage boxes, 4 in. each; 2 flat storage boxes, 3 in. each; 3 flat storage boxes, 1.5 in. each; 1 framed portrait, 1 in.","0.004 Gigabytes 110 files, formats include .wsp, .rtf, .dig, and .noc"],"extent_tesim":["16.33 Linear Feet 11 record cartons, 15 in. each; 1 document case, 5 in.; 1 document case, 2.5 in.; 3 flat storage boxes, 4 in. each; 2 flat storage boxes, 3 in. each; 3 flat storage boxes, 1.5 in. each; 1 framed portrait, 1 in.","0.004 Gigabytes 110 files, formats include .wsp, .rtf, .dig, and .noc"],"date_range_isim":[1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in box 21 are restricted due to the presence of student works and resumes. Materials in box 21 may be accessed 75 years after the latest date of creation, starting in 2061.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may access digitized and born digital materials by visiting the link attached to each item or by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc. \u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Materials in box 21 are restricted due to the presence of student works and resumes. Materials in box 21 may be accessed 75 years after the latest date of creation, starting in 2061.","Researchers may access digitized and born digital materials by visiting the link attached to each item or by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc. "],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Center for Women's and Gender Studies (CWGS) is an academic unit within West Virginia University's Eberly College of Arts and Sciences that offers a central location for discourse relative to the field of women's and gender studies. CWGS finds its origins in an informal Caucus for Women's Concerns formed in 1972 within West Viginia University (WVU) to \"achieve equitable treatment of women.\" In 1977, the Caucus submitted recommendations to then-WVU President Gene Budig regarding the establishment of a women's studies program and an advisory council on women's concerns. In response to these recommendations, the Caucus was officially accepted by the university as the Council for Women's Concerns (CWC), which included a Women's Studies Subcommittee formed to research and help facilitate a formal women's studies program.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe first proposal for a women's studies program was submitted to the CWC by Renata Pore in 1978, upon which a search committee headed by Dr. Enid Portnoy of the English Department was established. In 1980, the Women's Studies Program (WSP) was officially established as an interdisciplinary program in the College of Arts and Sciences. Judith Stitzel, a founding member of the CWC, was selected to serve as the first part-time coordinator of the WSP.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUnder Stitzel's direction, the WSP developed an undergraduate Certificate Program in Women's Studies to be first offered in 1984. Simultaneously, the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) was established in the Office of the Vice President for Academic Affairs and Research to provide a collective space for students to gather. Judith Stitzel was made the founding director of the center, a position she would hold until 1992, making her the longest consecutive director of the center. The CWS would become affiliated with the Eberly College of Arts and Sciences in 1993.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe first undergraduate Certificates in Women's Studies at WVU were awarded to six students in 1986, the same year the first Master of Arts in Liberal Studies (MALS) graduated in Women's Studies. The Carrie Koeteurius Scholarship, which is still offered as of 2024, was first awarded to Deborah Gregory Eck and Lilo Ast in 1987.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOne of the early major projects of the CWC, the Women's Centenary, \"Excellence Through Equity\" began planning in 1987 with Dr. Lillian Waugh being chosen as the research coordinator. After several years of planning and research, the Women's Centenary commenced in September 1989 on the 100-year anniversary of the first group of women to be admitted to WVU as degree candidates. Events were held over a two-year period, including lecture series, galas, building rededications, historical tours, exhibits, time capsule creations, and county-wide engagements. The Women's Centenary culminated with a convocation in 1991 on the 100-year anniversary of the first woman to graduate from WVU, Harriet Lyon.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1992, Judith Stitzel stepped down as director of the CWC, and the position was taken up by Helen Bannan from 1994 to 1998. Under Barbara Howe's directorship from 1998 to 2007, a BA and undergraduate minor in women's studies was established to coexist with the Certificate in Women's Studies. The first WVU women's studies major, Jamie Lynn Baxter, graduated in December 2003.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanice Spleth served as interim director between 2008 and 2009, before Ann Oberhauser took directorship in 2009. Under her leadership in 2012, the CWC was renamed the Center for Women's and Gender Studies to incorporate a larger scale of classes and topics. After Oberhauser stepped down in 2013, Jennifer Orlikoff took directorship until 2016. Between 2016 and 2019, Cari Carpenter and Kasi Jackson served as interim directors, during which the LGBTQ+ Center was opened. In 2019, Sharon Bird became director, a position she still holds as of October 2024. In 2021, the Center for Women's and Gender Studies moved into its home in the Hodges Hall, Suite 505.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Center for Women's and Gender Studies (CWGS) is an academic unit within West Virginia University's Eberly College of Arts and Sciences that offers a central location for discourse relative to the field of women's and gender studies. CWGS finds its origins in an informal Caucus for Women's Concerns formed in 1972 within West Viginia University (WVU) to \"achieve equitable treatment of women.\" In 1977, the Caucus submitted recommendations to then-WVU President Gene Budig regarding the establishment of a women's studies program and an advisory council on women's concerns. In response to these recommendations, the Caucus was officially accepted by the university as the Council for Women's Concerns (CWC), which included a Women's Studies Subcommittee formed to research and help facilitate a formal women's studies program.","The first proposal for a women's studies program was submitted to the CWC by Renata Pore in 1978, upon which a search committee headed by Dr. Enid Portnoy of the English Department was established. In 1980, the Women's Studies Program (WSP) was officially established as an interdisciplinary program in the College of Arts and Sciences. Judith Stitzel, a founding member of the CWC, was selected to serve as the first part-time coordinator of the WSP.","Under Stitzel's direction, the WSP developed an undergraduate Certificate Program in Women's Studies to be first offered in 1984. Simultaneously, the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) was established in the Office of the Vice President for Academic Affairs and Research to provide a collective space for students to gather. Judith Stitzel was made the founding director of the center, a position she would hold until 1992, making her the longest consecutive director of the center. The CWS would become affiliated with the Eberly College of Arts and Sciences in 1993.","The first undergraduate Certificates in Women's Studies at WVU were awarded to six students in 1986, the same year the first Master of Arts in Liberal Studies (MALS) graduated in Women's Studies. The Carrie Koeteurius Scholarship, which is still offered as of 2024, was first awarded to Deborah Gregory Eck and Lilo Ast in 1987.","One of the early major projects of the CWC, the Women's Centenary, \"Excellence Through Equity\" began planning in 1987 with Dr. Lillian Waugh being chosen as the research coordinator. After several years of planning and research, the Women's Centenary commenced in September 1989 on the 100-year anniversary of the first group of women to be admitted to WVU as degree candidates. Events were held over a two-year period, including lecture series, galas, building rededications, historical tours, exhibits, time capsule creations, and county-wide engagements. The Women's Centenary culminated with a convocation in 1991 on the 100-year anniversary of the first woman to graduate from WVU, Harriet Lyon.","In 1992, Judith Stitzel stepped down as director of the CWC, and the position was taken up by Helen Bannan from 1994 to 1998. Under Barbara Howe's directorship from 1998 to 2007, a BA and undergraduate minor in women's studies was established to coexist with the Certificate in Women's Studies. The first WVU women's studies major, Jamie Lynn Baxter, graduated in December 2003.","Janice Spleth served as interim director between 2008 and 2009, before Ann Oberhauser took directorship in 2009. Under her leadership in 2012, the CWC was renamed the Center for Women's and Gender Studies to incorporate a larger scale of classes and topics. After Oberhauser stepped down in 2013, Jennifer Orlikoff took directorship until 2016. Between 2016 and 2019, Cari Carpenter and Kasi Jackson served as interim directors, during which the LGBTQ+ Center was opened. In 2019, Sharon Bird became director, a position she still holds as of October 2024. In 2021, the Center for Women's and Gender Studies moved into its home in the Hodges Hall, Suite 505."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], West Virginia University, Women's Studies Center, Women's Centenary, Records, A\u0026amp;M 3376, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], West Virginia University, Women's Studies Center, Women's Centenary, Records, A\u0026M 3376, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains materials collected or created by the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) while researching and preparing for the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Centenary between 1989 and 1991. While research and planning materials are the most prevalent materials in the collection, there are also administrive and ephemeral materials. The majority of materials relate to women at WVU, particularly during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Included are bigoraphies, notes, photographs, correspondence, newspaper clippings, essays, programs, rosters, and exhibit panels.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe colleciton is divided into four series, with additional sub-series as indicated below.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Research, 1849-2000 and undated\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e- Sub-Series 1: Exhibit Panels, circa 1875-1990 and undated\n- Sub-Series 2: Families and Individuals, 1870-2000 and undated\n- Sub-Series 3: West Virginia University (WVU), 1849-2000 and undated\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Planning, 1858-1996 and undated\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Administration, 1875-1997 and undated\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Ephemera, undated\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAn addendum of 2012 August 14 can be found in series 4 as item 1.\nAn addendum of 2019 March 28 can be found in boxes 19 and 20. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains materials collected or created by the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) while researching for the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Centenary. It prominently contains research relating to early women who attended WVU such as Harriet Lyon-Jewett and Sallie Lowther Norris. Also included are martials created by using the completed research, such as exhibit panels and newspaper articles. Other materials include notes, correspondence, photographs, rosters, and biographies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains exhibit panels created by the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) while researching for the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Centenary.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains materials collected and created by the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) while researching for the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Centenary and relating to early individuals and families affiliated with the university, primarily women.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains floppy disk (digitized)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVHS Tape\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains materials collected or created by the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) during research for the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Centenary. It primarily consists of research on general aspects of WVU during the introduction of coeducation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains materials collected and created by the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) while planning for the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Centenary.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains floppy disc\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains floppy disc\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains materials collected or created by the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) while facilitating operations and management during the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Centenary.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains ephemeral material created by the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) for the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Centenary.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains materials collected or created by the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) while researching and preparing for the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Centenary between 1989 and 1991. While research and planning materials are the most prevalent materials in the collection, there are also administrive and ephemeral materials. The majority of materials relate to women at WVU, particularly during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Included are bigoraphies, notes, photographs, correspondence, newspaper clippings, essays, programs, rosters, and exhibit panels.","The colleciton is divided into four series, with additional sub-series as indicated below.","Series 1: Research, 1849-2000 and undated","- Sub-Series 1: Exhibit Panels, circa 1875-1990 and undated\n- Sub-Series 2: Families and Individuals, 1870-2000 and undated\n- Sub-Series 3: West Virginia University (WVU), 1849-2000 and undated","Series 2: Planning, 1858-1996 and undated","Series 3: Administration, 1875-1997 and undated","Series 4: Ephemera, undated","An addendum of 2012 August 14 can be found in series 4 as item 1.\nAn addendum of 2019 March 28 can be found in boxes 19 and 20. ","This series contains materials collected or created by the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) while researching for the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Centenary. It prominently contains research relating to early women who attended WVU such as Harriet Lyon-Jewett and Sallie Lowther Norris. Also included are martials created by using the completed research, such as exhibit panels and newspaper articles. Other materials include notes, correspondence, photographs, rosters, and biographies.","This sub-series contains exhibit panels created by the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) while researching for the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Centenary.","This sub-series contains materials collected and created by the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) while researching for the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Centenary and relating to early individuals and families affiliated with the university, primarily women.","Contains floppy disk (digitized)","VHS Tape","This sub-series contains materials collected or created by the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) during research for the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Centenary. It primarily consists of research on general aspects of WVU during the introduction of coeducation.","This series contains materials collected and created by the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) while planning for the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Centenary.","Contains floppy disc","Contains floppy disc","This series contains materials collected or created by the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) while facilitating operations and management during the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Centenary.","This series contains ephemeral material created by the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) for the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Centenary."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 16, Folder 6\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 16, Folder 7\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 16, Folder 8\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 16, Folder 9\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 12, Folder 4\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 12, Folder 5\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 12, Folder 6\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 12, Folder 7\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 12, Folder 8\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 12, Folder 9\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 18, Folder 1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 12, Folder 10\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 12, Folder 11\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 16, Folder 19\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 12, Folder 19\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 12, Folder 20\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 4, Folder 56\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 4, Folder 59\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 5, Folder 1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 5, Folder 8\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 5, Folder 10\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 5, Folder 16\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 5, Folder 28\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 5, Folder 31\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 7, Folder 40\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 4, Folder 8\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 4, Folder 28\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 4, Folder 36\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 4, Folder 46\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 4, Folder 50\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 7, Folder 15\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 3, Folder 34\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 16, Folder 1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 13, Folder 1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 16, Folder 2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 12, Folder 1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 18, Folder 2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 16, Folder 3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 12, Folder 2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3367, Box 16, Folder 4\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 16, Folder 5\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 13, Folder 2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 18, Folder 3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 16, Folder 10\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 13, Folder 3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 12, Folder 12\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 16, Folder 11\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 12, Folder 13\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 16, Folder 12\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 16, Folder 13\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 12, Folder 17\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 13, Folder 7\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 12, Folder 18\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 16, Folder 21\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 16, Folder 26\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 3, Folder 32\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 4, Folder 7\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 5, Folder 62\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 5, Folder 66\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 8, Folder 7\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 8, Folder 25\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 8, Folder 26\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 3, Folder 23\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 4, Folder 13\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 5, Folder 59\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 7, Folder 45\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 3, Folder 18\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 3, Folder 27\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 4, Folder 5\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 4, Folder 11\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 5, Folder 36\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 5, Folder 63\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 6, Folder 4\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 6, Folder 26\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 8, Folder 10\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 11, Folder 8\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 3, Folder 41\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 5, Folder 35\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize materials moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 12, Folder 3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 18, Folder 5\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 16, Folder 14\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 13, Folder 4\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 16, Folder 15\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 12, Folder 15\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 18, Folder 6\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 16, Folder 16\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 18, Folder 7\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 16, Folder 17\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 16, Folder 18\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 12, Folder 16\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 13, Folder 5\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 13, Folder 6\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 18, Folder 8\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 13, Folder 8\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 13, Folder 9\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 16, Folder 22\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 16, Folder 23\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 12, Folder 21\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 18, Folder 9\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 16, Folder 24\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 12, Folder 22\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 12, Folder 23\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 12, Folder 24\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 12, Folder 25\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 12, Folder 26\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 13, Folder 10\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 12, Folder 27\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 18, Folder 10\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 16, Folder 25\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 18, Folder 11\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 4, Folder 17\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 6, Folder 46\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 7, Folder 31\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 8, Folder 33\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3367, Box 8, Folder 42\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 9, Folder 16\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 9, Folder 34\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 9, Folder 35\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 9, Folder 36\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 10, Folder 2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 6, Folder 38\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 7, Folder 33\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 7, Folder 37\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 7, Folder 63\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 7, Folder 71\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 10, Folder 1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 6, Folder 36\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 6, Folder 45\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 6, Folder 49\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 7, Folder 2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 7, Folder 3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 8, Folder 14\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 8, Folder 28\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 8, Folder 41\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 10, Folder 8\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 6, Folder 34\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 6, Folder 47\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 7, Folder 1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 7, Folder 61\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 8, Folder 40\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 10, Folder 3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 10, Folder 9\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 12, Folder 14\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 18, Folder 4\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 16, Folder 20\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 6, Folder 29\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 7, Folder 53\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 6, Folder 32\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 6","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 7","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 8","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 9","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 4","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 5","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 6","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 7","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 8","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 9","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 18, Folder 1","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 10","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 11","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 19","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 19","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 20","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 4, Folder 56","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 4, Folder 59","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 5, Folder 1","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 5, Folder 8","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 5, Folder 10","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 5, Folder 16","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 5, Folder 28","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 5, Folder 31","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 7, Folder 40","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 4, Folder 8","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 4, Folder 28","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 4, Folder 36","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 4, Folder 46","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 4, Folder 50","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 7, Folder 15","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 3, Folder 34","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 1","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 13, Folder 1","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 2","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 1","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 18, Folder 2","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 3","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 2","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3367, Box 16, Folder 4","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 5","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 13, Folder 2","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 18, Folder 3","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 10","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 13, Folder 3","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 12","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 11","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 13","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 12","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 13","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 17","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 13, Folder 7","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 18","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 21","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 26","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 3, Folder 32","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 4, Folder 7","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 5, Folder 62","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 5, Folder 66","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 8, Folder 7","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 8, Folder 25","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 8, Folder 26","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 3, Folder 23","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 4, Folder 13","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 5, Folder 59","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 7, Folder 45","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 3, Folder 18","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 3, Folder 27","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 4, Folder 5","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 4, Folder 11","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 5, Folder 36","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 5, Folder 63","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 6, Folder 4","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 6, Folder 26","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 8, Folder 10","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 11, Folder 8","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 3, Folder 41","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 5, Folder 35","Oversize materials moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 3","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 18, Folder 5","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 14","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 13, Folder 4","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 15","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 15","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 18, Folder 6","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 16","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 18, Folder 7","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 17","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 18","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 16","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 13, Folder 5","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 13, Folder 6","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 18, Folder 8","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 13, Folder 8","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 13, Folder 9","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 22","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 23","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 21","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 18, Folder 9","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 24","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 22","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 23","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 24","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 25","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 26","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 13, Folder 10","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 27","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 18, Folder 10","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 25","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 18, Folder 11","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 4, Folder 17","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 6, Folder 46","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 7, Folder 31","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 8, Folder 33","Removed from A\u0026M 3367, Box 8, Folder 42","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 9, Folder 16","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 9, Folder 34","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 9, Folder 35","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 9, Folder 36","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 10, Folder 2","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 6, Folder 38","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 7, Folder 33","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 7, Folder 37","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 7, Folder 63","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 7, Folder 71","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 10, Folder 1","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 6, Folder 36","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 6, Folder 45","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 6, Folder 49","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 7, Folder 2","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 7, Folder 3","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 8, Folder 14","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 8, Folder 28","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 8, Folder 41","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 10, Folder 8","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 6, Folder 34","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 6, Folder 47","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 7, Folder 1","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 7, Folder 61","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 8, Folder 40","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 10, Folder 3","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 10, Folder 9","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 14","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 18, Folder 4","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 20","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 6, Folder 29","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 7, Folder 53","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 6, Folder 32"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_1fe76a994c6e56435a8cddd682eee94b\"\u003eThis collection contains materials collected or created by the WVU Center for Women's Studies (CWS) in preparation for the Women's Centenary between 1989 and 1991. It mostly consists of research on early women students at WVU as well as planning materials for events to commemorate the Women's Centenary.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains materials collected or created by the WVU Center for Women's Studies (CWS) in preparation for the Women's Centenary between 1989 and 1991. It mostly consists of research on early women students at WVU as well as planning materials for events to commemorate the Women's Centenary."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_feba19d90bf0868b155eb1cec3aad97f\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536 / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536 / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_coll_ssim":["West Virginia University. Center for Women's Studies","Waugh, Lillian J., 1941-2018","Howe, Barbara J."],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","West Virginia University. Center for Women's Studies","Waugh, Lillian J., 1941-2018","Howe, Barbara J."],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","West Virginia University. Center for Women's Studies"],"persname_ssim":["Waugh, Lillian J., 1941-2018","Howe, Barbara J."],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":711,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-04T15:06:42.135Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1578_c01_c02_c140"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1578_c01_c02_c148","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Writings - Wood, Lucy (m. Lawrence)","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1578_c01_c02_c148#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1578_c01_c02_c148","ref_ssm":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1578_c01_c02_c148"],"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1578_c01_c02_c148","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1578","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1578","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1578_c01_c02","parent_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1578_c01_c02","parent_ssim":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1578","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1578_c01","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1578_c01_c02"],"parent_ids_ssim":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1578","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1578_c01","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1578_c01_c02"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["West Virginia University, Women's Studies Center, Women's Centenary, Records","Series 1. Research","Sub-Series 2. Families and Individuals"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["West Virginia University, Women's Studies Center, Women's Centenary, Records","Series 1. Research","Sub-Series 2. Families and Individuals"],"text":["West Virginia University, Women's Studies Center, Women's Centenary, Records","Series 1. Research","Sub-Series 2. Families and Individuals","Writings - Wood, Lucy (m. Lawrence)","Box 9","Folder 9"],"title_filing_ssi":"Writings - Wood, Lucy (m. Lawrence)","title_ssm":["Writings - Wood, Lucy (m. Lawrence)"],"title_tesim":["Writings - Wood, Lucy (m. Lawrence)"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1909-1989 and undated"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1909/1989"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Writings - Wood, Lucy (m. Lawrence)"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"collection_ssim":["West Virginia University, Women's Studies Center, Women's Centenary, Records"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":242,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Materials in box 21 are restricted due to the presence of student works and resumes. Materials in box 21 may be accessed 75 years after the latest date of creation, starting in 2061.","Researchers may access digitized and born digital materials by visiting the link attached to each item or by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc. "],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"date_range_isim":[1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989],"containers_ssim":["Box 9","Folder 9"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#1/components#147","timestamp":"2026-06-04T15:06:42.135Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1578","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1578","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1578","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1578","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_1578.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/195854","title_ssm":["West Virginia University, Women's Studies Center, Women's Centenary, Records"],"title_tesim":["West Virginia University, Women's Studies Center, Women's Centenary, Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1849-2000 and undated","1890-1992"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1890-1992"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1849-2000 and undated"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 3376","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1578"],"text":["A\u0026M 3376","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1578","West Virginia University, Women's Studies Center, Women's Centenary, Records","West Virginia Feminist Activist and Women's History Collection","West Virginia University  --  Women's Centenary (1891-1991)","Women --  Education","Women in higher education","Adult education of women","Special events - West Virginia University.","Materials in box 21 are restricted due to the presence of student works and resumes. Materials in box 21 may be accessed 75 years after the latest date of creation, starting in 2061.","Researchers may access digitized and born digital materials by visiting the link attached to each item or by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc. ","The Center for Women's and Gender Studies (CWGS) is an academic unit within West Virginia University's Eberly College of Arts and Sciences that offers a central location for discourse relative to the field of women's and gender studies. CWGS finds its origins in an informal Caucus for Women's Concerns formed in 1972 within West Viginia University (WVU) to \"achieve equitable treatment of women.\" In 1977, the Caucus submitted recommendations to then-WVU President Gene Budig regarding the establishment of a women's studies program and an advisory council on women's concerns. In response to these recommendations, the Caucus was officially accepted by the university as the Council for Women's Concerns (CWC), which included a Women's Studies Subcommittee formed to research and help facilitate a formal women's studies program.","The first proposal for a women's studies program was submitted to the CWC by Renata Pore in 1978, upon which a search committee headed by Dr. Enid Portnoy of the English Department was established. In 1980, the Women's Studies Program (WSP) was officially established as an interdisciplinary program in the College of Arts and Sciences. Judith Stitzel, a founding member of the CWC, was selected to serve as the first part-time coordinator of the WSP.","Under Stitzel's direction, the WSP developed an undergraduate Certificate Program in Women's Studies to be first offered in 1984. Simultaneously, the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) was established in the Office of the Vice President for Academic Affairs and Research to provide a collective space for students to gather. Judith Stitzel was made the founding director of the center, a position she would hold until 1992, making her the longest consecutive director of the center. The CWS would become affiliated with the Eberly College of Arts and Sciences in 1993.","The first undergraduate Certificates in Women's Studies at WVU were awarded to six students in 1986, the same year the first Master of Arts in Liberal Studies (MALS) graduated in Women's Studies. The Carrie Koeteurius Scholarship, which is still offered as of 2024, was first awarded to Deborah Gregory Eck and Lilo Ast in 1987.","One of the early major projects of the CWC, the Women's Centenary, \"Excellence Through Equity\" began planning in 1987 with Dr. Lillian Waugh being chosen as the research coordinator. After several years of planning and research, the Women's Centenary commenced in September 1989 on the 100-year anniversary of the first group of women to be admitted to WVU as degree candidates. Events were held over a two-year period, including lecture series, galas, building rededications, historical tours, exhibits, time capsule creations, and county-wide engagements. The Women's Centenary culminated with a convocation in 1991 on the 100-year anniversary of the first woman to graduate from WVU, Harriet Lyon.","In 1992, Judith Stitzel stepped down as director of the CWC, and the position was taken up by Helen Bannan from 1994 to 1998. Under Barbara Howe's directorship from 1998 to 2007, a BA and undergraduate minor in women's studies was established to coexist with the Certificate in Women's Studies. The first WVU women's studies major, Jamie Lynn Baxter, graduated in December 2003.","Janice Spleth served as interim director between 2008 and 2009, before Ann Oberhauser took directorship in 2009. Under her leadership in 2012, the CWC was renamed the Center for Women's and Gender Studies to incorporate a larger scale of classes and topics. After Oberhauser stepped down in 2013, Jennifer Orlikoff took directorship until 2016. Between 2016 and 2019, Cari Carpenter and Kasi Jackson served as interim directors, during which the LGBTQ+ Center was opened. In 2019, Sharon Bird became director, a position she still holds as of October 2024. In 2021, the Center for Women's and Gender Studies moved into its home in the Hodges Hall, Suite 505.","This collection contains materials collected or created by the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) while researching and preparing for the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Centenary between 1989 and 1991. While research and planning materials are the most prevalent materials in the collection, there are also administrive and ephemeral materials. The majority of materials relate to women at WVU, particularly during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Included are bigoraphies, notes, photographs, correspondence, newspaper clippings, essays, programs, rosters, and exhibit panels.","The colleciton is divided into four series, with additional sub-series as indicated below.","Series 1: Research, 1849-2000 and undated","- Sub-Series 1: Exhibit Panels, circa 1875-1990 and undated\n- Sub-Series 2: Families and Individuals, 1870-2000 and undated\n- Sub-Series 3: West Virginia University (WVU), 1849-2000 and undated","Series 2: Planning, 1858-1996 and undated","Series 3: Administration, 1875-1997 and undated","Series 4: Ephemera, undated","An addendum of 2012 August 14 can be found in series 4 as item 1.\nAn addendum of 2019 March 28 can be found in boxes 19 and 20. ","This series contains materials collected or created by the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) while researching for the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Centenary. It prominently contains research relating to early women who attended WVU such as Harriet Lyon-Jewett and Sallie Lowther Norris. Also included are martials created by using the completed research, such as exhibit panels and newspaper articles. Other materials include notes, correspondence, photographs, rosters, and biographies.","This sub-series contains exhibit panels created by the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) while researching for the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Centenary.","This sub-series contains materials collected and created by the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) while researching for the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Centenary and relating to early individuals and families affiliated with the university, primarily women.","Contains floppy disk (digitized)","VHS Tape","This sub-series contains materials collected or created by the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) during research for the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Centenary. It primarily consists of research on general aspects of WVU during the introduction of coeducation.","This series contains materials collected and created by the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) while planning for the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Centenary.","Contains floppy disc","Contains floppy disc","This series contains materials collected or created by the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) while facilitating operations and management during the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Centenary.","This series contains ephemeral material created by the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) for the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Centenary.","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 6","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 7","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 8","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 9","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 4","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 5","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 6","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 7","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 8","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 9","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 18, Folder 1","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 10","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 11","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 19","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 19","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 20","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 4, Folder 56","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 4, Folder 59","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 5, Folder 1","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 5, Folder 8","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 5, Folder 10","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 5, Folder 16","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 5, Folder 28","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 5, Folder 31","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 7, Folder 40","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 4, Folder 8","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 4, Folder 28","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 4, Folder 36","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 4, Folder 46","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 4, Folder 50","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 7, Folder 15","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 3, Folder 34","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 1","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 13, Folder 1","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 2","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 1","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 18, Folder 2","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 3","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 2","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3367, Box 16, Folder 4","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 5","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 13, Folder 2","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 18, Folder 3","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 10","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 13, Folder 3","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 12","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 11","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 13","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 12","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 13","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 17","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 13, Folder 7","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 18","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 21","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 26","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 3, Folder 32","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 4, Folder 7","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 5, Folder 62","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 5, Folder 66","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 8, Folder 7","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 8, Folder 25","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 8, Folder 26","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 3, Folder 23","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 4, Folder 13","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 5, Folder 59","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 7, Folder 45","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 3, Folder 18","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 3, Folder 27","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 4, Folder 5","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 4, Folder 11","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 5, Folder 36","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 5, Folder 63","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 6, Folder 4","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 6, Folder 26","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 8, Folder 10","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 11, Folder 8","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 3, Folder 41","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 5, Folder 35","Oversize materials moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 3","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 18, Folder 5","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 14","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 13, Folder 4","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 15","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 15","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 18, Folder 6","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 16","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 18, Folder 7","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 17","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 18","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 16","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 13, Folder 5","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 13, Folder 6","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 18, Folder 8","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 13, Folder 8","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 13, Folder 9","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 22","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 23","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 21","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 18, Folder 9","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 24","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 22","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 23","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 24","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 25","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 26","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 13, Folder 10","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 27","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 18, Folder 10","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 25","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 18, Folder 11","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 4, Folder 17","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 6, Folder 46","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 7, Folder 31","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 8, Folder 33","Removed from A\u0026M 3367, Box 8, Folder 42","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 9, Folder 16","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 9, Folder 34","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 9, Folder 35","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 9, Folder 36","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 10, Folder 2","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 6, Folder 38","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 7, Folder 33","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 7, Folder 37","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 7, Folder 63","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 7, Folder 71","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 10, Folder 1","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 6, Folder 36","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 6, Folder 45","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 6, Folder 49","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 7, Folder 2","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 7, Folder 3","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 8, Folder 14","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 8, Folder 28","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 8, Folder 41","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 10, Folder 8","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 6, Folder 34","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 6, Folder 47","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 7, Folder 1","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 7, Folder 61","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 8, Folder 40","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 10, Folder 3","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 10, Folder 9","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 14","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 18, Folder 4","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 20","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 6, Folder 29","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 7, Folder 53","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 6, Folder 32","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","This collection contains materials collected or created by the WVU Center for Women's Studies (CWS) in preparation for the Women's Centenary between 1989 and 1991. It mostly consists of research on early women students at WVU as well as planning materials for events to commemorate the Women's Centenary.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536 / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","West Virginia University. Center for Women's Studies","Waugh, Lillian J., 1941-2018","Howe, Barbara J.","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 3376","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1578"],"normalized_title_ssm":["West Virginia University, Women's Studies Center, Women's Centenary, Records"],"collection_title_tesim":["West Virginia University, Women's Studies Center, Women's Centenary, Records"],"collection_ssim":["West Virginia University, Women's Studies Center, Women's Centenary, Records"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"creator_ssm":["West Virginia University. Center for Women's Studies","Waugh, Lillian J., 1941-2018","Howe, Barbara J."],"creator_ssim":["West Virginia University. Center for Women's Studies","Waugh, Lillian J., 1941-2018","Howe, Barbara J."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Waugh, Lillian J., 1941-2018","Howe, Barbara J."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia University. Center for Women's Studies"],"creators_ssim":["Waugh, Lillian J., 1941-2018","Howe, Barbara J.","West Virginia University. Center for Women's Studies"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Transfer from WVU, Women's Studies Center, Waugh, Lillian, 2001 February 16","Gift from Waugh, Lillian J., 2012 August 14","Gift from Howe, Barbara J., 2019 March 28"],"access_subjects_ssim":["West Virginia Feminist Activist and Women's History Collection","West Virginia University  --  Women's Centenary (1891-1991)","Women --  Education","Women in higher education","Adult education of women","Special events - West Virginia University."],"access_subjects_ssm":["West Virginia Feminist Activist and Women's History Collection","West Virginia University  --  Women's Centenary (1891-1991)","Women --  Education","Women in higher education","Adult education of women","Special events - West Virginia University."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["16.33 Linear Feet 11 record cartons, 15 in. each; 1 document case, 5 in.; 1 document case, 2.5 in.; 3 flat storage boxes, 4 in. each; 2 flat storage boxes, 3 in. each; 3 flat storage boxes, 1.5 in. each; 1 framed portrait, 1 in.","0.004 Gigabytes 110 files, formats include .wsp, .rtf, .dig, and .noc"],"extent_tesim":["16.33 Linear Feet 11 record cartons, 15 in. each; 1 document case, 5 in.; 1 document case, 2.5 in.; 3 flat storage boxes, 4 in. each; 2 flat storage boxes, 3 in. each; 3 flat storage boxes, 1.5 in. each; 1 framed portrait, 1 in.","0.004 Gigabytes 110 files, formats include .wsp, .rtf, .dig, and .noc"],"date_range_isim":[1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in box 21 are restricted due to the presence of student works and resumes. Materials in box 21 may be accessed 75 years after the latest date of creation, starting in 2061.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may access digitized and born digital materials by visiting the link attached to each item or by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc. \u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Materials in box 21 are restricted due to the presence of student works and resumes. Materials in box 21 may be accessed 75 years after the latest date of creation, starting in 2061.","Researchers may access digitized and born digital materials by visiting the link attached to each item or by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc. "],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Center for Women's and Gender Studies (CWGS) is an academic unit within West Virginia University's Eberly College of Arts and Sciences that offers a central location for discourse relative to the field of women's and gender studies. CWGS finds its origins in an informal Caucus for Women's Concerns formed in 1972 within West Viginia University (WVU) to \"achieve equitable treatment of women.\" In 1977, the Caucus submitted recommendations to then-WVU President Gene Budig regarding the establishment of a women's studies program and an advisory council on women's concerns. In response to these recommendations, the Caucus was officially accepted by the university as the Council for Women's Concerns (CWC), which included a Women's Studies Subcommittee formed to research and help facilitate a formal women's studies program.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe first proposal for a women's studies program was submitted to the CWC by Renata Pore in 1978, upon which a search committee headed by Dr. Enid Portnoy of the English Department was established. In 1980, the Women's Studies Program (WSP) was officially established as an interdisciplinary program in the College of Arts and Sciences. Judith Stitzel, a founding member of the CWC, was selected to serve as the first part-time coordinator of the WSP.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUnder Stitzel's direction, the WSP developed an undergraduate Certificate Program in Women's Studies to be first offered in 1984. Simultaneously, the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) was established in the Office of the Vice President for Academic Affairs and Research to provide a collective space for students to gather. Judith Stitzel was made the founding director of the center, a position she would hold until 1992, making her the longest consecutive director of the center. The CWS would become affiliated with the Eberly College of Arts and Sciences in 1993.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe first undergraduate Certificates in Women's Studies at WVU were awarded to six students in 1986, the same year the first Master of Arts in Liberal Studies (MALS) graduated in Women's Studies. The Carrie Koeteurius Scholarship, which is still offered as of 2024, was first awarded to Deborah Gregory Eck and Lilo Ast in 1987.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOne of the early major projects of the CWC, the Women's Centenary, \"Excellence Through Equity\" began planning in 1987 with Dr. Lillian Waugh being chosen as the research coordinator. After several years of planning and research, the Women's Centenary commenced in September 1989 on the 100-year anniversary of the first group of women to be admitted to WVU as degree candidates. Events were held over a two-year period, including lecture series, galas, building rededications, historical tours, exhibits, time capsule creations, and county-wide engagements. The Women's Centenary culminated with a convocation in 1991 on the 100-year anniversary of the first woman to graduate from WVU, Harriet Lyon.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1992, Judith Stitzel stepped down as director of the CWC, and the position was taken up by Helen Bannan from 1994 to 1998. Under Barbara Howe's directorship from 1998 to 2007, a BA and undergraduate minor in women's studies was established to coexist with the Certificate in Women's Studies. The first WVU women's studies major, Jamie Lynn Baxter, graduated in December 2003.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanice Spleth served as interim director between 2008 and 2009, before Ann Oberhauser took directorship in 2009. Under her leadership in 2012, the CWC was renamed the Center for Women's and Gender Studies to incorporate a larger scale of classes and topics. After Oberhauser stepped down in 2013, Jennifer Orlikoff took directorship until 2016. Between 2016 and 2019, Cari Carpenter and Kasi Jackson served as interim directors, during which the LGBTQ+ Center was opened. In 2019, Sharon Bird became director, a position she still holds as of October 2024. In 2021, the Center for Women's and Gender Studies moved into its home in the Hodges Hall, Suite 505.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Center for Women's and Gender Studies (CWGS) is an academic unit within West Virginia University's Eberly College of Arts and Sciences that offers a central location for discourse relative to the field of women's and gender studies. CWGS finds its origins in an informal Caucus for Women's Concerns formed in 1972 within West Viginia University (WVU) to \"achieve equitable treatment of women.\" In 1977, the Caucus submitted recommendations to then-WVU President Gene Budig regarding the establishment of a women's studies program and an advisory council on women's concerns. In response to these recommendations, the Caucus was officially accepted by the university as the Council for Women's Concerns (CWC), which included a Women's Studies Subcommittee formed to research and help facilitate a formal women's studies program.","The first proposal for a women's studies program was submitted to the CWC by Renata Pore in 1978, upon which a search committee headed by Dr. Enid Portnoy of the English Department was established. In 1980, the Women's Studies Program (WSP) was officially established as an interdisciplinary program in the College of Arts and Sciences. Judith Stitzel, a founding member of the CWC, was selected to serve as the first part-time coordinator of the WSP.","Under Stitzel's direction, the WSP developed an undergraduate Certificate Program in Women's Studies to be first offered in 1984. Simultaneously, the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) was established in the Office of the Vice President for Academic Affairs and Research to provide a collective space for students to gather. Judith Stitzel was made the founding director of the center, a position she would hold until 1992, making her the longest consecutive director of the center. The CWS would become affiliated with the Eberly College of Arts and Sciences in 1993.","The first undergraduate Certificates in Women's Studies at WVU were awarded to six students in 1986, the same year the first Master of Arts in Liberal Studies (MALS) graduated in Women's Studies. The Carrie Koeteurius Scholarship, which is still offered as of 2024, was first awarded to Deborah Gregory Eck and Lilo Ast in 1987.","One of the early major projects of the CWC, the Women's Centenary, \"Excellence Through Equity\" began planning in 1987 with Dr. Lillian Waugh being chosen as the research coordinator. After several years of planning and research, the Women's Centenary commenced in September 1989 on the 100-year anniversary of the first group of women to be admitted to WVU as degree candidates. Events were held over a two-year period, including lecture series, galas, building rededications, historical tours, exhibits, time capsule creations, and county-wide engagements. The Women's Centenary culminated with a convocation in 1991 on the 100-year anniversary of the first woman to graduate from WVU, Harriet Lyon.","In 1992, Judith Stitzel stepped down as director of the CWC, and the position was taken up by Helen Bannan from 1994 to 1998. Under Barbara Howe's directorship from 1998 to 2007, a BA and undergraduate minor in women's studies was established to coexist with the Certificate in Women's Studies. The first WVU women's studies major, Jamie Lynn Baxter, graduated in December 2003.","Janice Spleth served as interim director between 2008 and 2009, before Ann Oberhauser took directorship in 2009. Under her leadership in 2012, the CWC was renamed the Center for Women's and Gender Studies to incorporate a larger scale of classes and topics. After Oberhauser stepped down in 2013, Jennifer Orlikoff took directorship until 2016. Between 2016 and 2019, Cari Carpenter and Kasi Jackson served as interim directors, during which the LGBTQ+ Center was opened. In 2019, Sharon Bird became director, a position she still holds as of October 2024. In 2021, the Center for Women's and Gender Studies moved into its home in the Hodges Hall, Suite 505."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], West Virginia University, Women's Studies Center, Women's Centenary, Records, A\u0026amp;M 3376, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], West Virginia University, Women's Studies Center, Women's Centenary, Records, A\u0026M 3376, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains materials collected or created by the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) while researching and preparing for the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Centenary between 1989 and 1991. While research and planning materials are the most prevalent materials in the collection, there are also administrive and ephemeral materials. The majority of materials relate to women at WVU, particularly during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Included are bigoraphies, notes, photographs, correspondence, newspaper clippings, essays, programs, rosters, and exhibit panels.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe colleciton is divided into four series, with additional sub-series as indicated below.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Research, 1849-2000 and undated\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e- Sub-Series 1: Exhibit Panels, circa 1875-1990 and undated\n- Sub-Series 2: Families and Individuals, 1870-2000 and undated\n- Sub-Series 3: West Virginia University (WVU), 1849-2000 and undated\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Planning, 1858-1996 and undated\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Administration, 1875-1997 and undated\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Ephemera, undated\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAn addendum of 2012 August 14 can be found in series 4 as item 1.\nAn addendum of 2019 March 28 can be found in boxes 19 and 20. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains materials collected or created by the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) while researching for the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Centenary. It prominently contains research relating to early women who attended WVU such as Harriet Lyon-Jewett and Sallie Lowther Norris. Also included are martials created by using the completed research, such as exhibit panels and newspaper articles. Other materials include notes, correspondence, photographs, rosters, and biographies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains exhibit panels created by the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) while researching for the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Centenary.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains materials collected and created by the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) while researching for the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Centenary and relating to early individuals and families affiliated with the university, primarily women.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains floppy disk (digitized)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVHS Tape\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains materials collected or created by the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) during research for the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Centenary. It primarily consists of research on general aspects of WVU during the introduction of coeducation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains materials collected and created by the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) while planning for the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Centenary.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains floppy disc\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains floppy disc\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains materials collected or created by the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) while facilitating operations and management during the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Centenary.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains ephemeral material created by the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) for the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Centenary.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains materials collected or created by the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) while researching and preparing for the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Centenary between 1989 and 1991. While research and planning materials are the most prevalent materials in the collection, there are also administrive and ephemeral materials. The majority of materials relate to women at WVU, particularly during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Included are bigoraphies, notes, photographs, correspondence, newspaper clippings, essays, programs, rosters, and exhibit panels.","The colleciton is divided into four series, with additional sub-series as indicated below.","Series 1: Research, 1849-2000 and undated","- Sub-Series 1: Exhibit Panels, circa 1875-1990 and undated\n- Sub-Series 2: Families and Individuals, 1870-2000 and undated\n- Sub-Series 3: West Virginia University (WVU), 1849-2000 and undated","Series 2: Planning, 1858-1996 and undated","Series 3: Administration, 1875-1997 and undated","Series 4: Ephemera, undated","An addendum of 2012 August 14 can be found in series 4 as item 1.\nAn addendum of 2019 March 28 can be found in boxes 19 and 20. ","This series contains materials collected or created by the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) while researching for the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Centenary. It prominently contains research relating to early women who attended WVU such as Harriet Lyon-Jewett and Sallie Lowther Norris. Also included are martials created by using the completed research, such as exhibit panels and newspaper articles. Other materials include notes, correspondence, photographs, rosters, and biographies.","This sub-series contains exhibit panels created by the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) while researching for the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Centenary.","This sub-series contains materials collected and created by the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) while researching for the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Centenary and relating to early individuals and families affiliated with the university, primarily women.","Contains floppy disk (digitized)","VHS Tape","This sub-series contains materials collected or created by the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) during research for the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Centenary. It primarily consists of research on general aspects of WVU during the introduction of coeducation.","This series contains materials collected and created by the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) while planning for the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Centenary.","Contains floppy disc","Contains floppy disc","This series contains materials collected or created by the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) while facilitating operations and management during the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Centenary.","This series contains ephemeral material created by the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) for the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Centenary."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 16, Folder 6\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 16, Folder 7\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 16, Folder 8\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 16, Folder 9\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 12, Folder 4\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 12, Folder 5\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 12, Folder 6\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 12, Folder 7\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 12, Folder 8\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 12, Folder 9\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 18, Folder 1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 12, Folder 10\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 12, Folder 11\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 16, Folder 19\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 12, Folder 19\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 12, Folder 20\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 4, Folder 56\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 4, Folder 59\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 5, Folder 1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 5, Folder 8\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 5, Folder 10\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 5, Folder 16\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 5, Folder 28\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 5, Folder 31\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 7, Folder 40\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 4, Folder 8\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 4, Folder 28\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 4, Folder 36\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 4, Folder 46\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 4, Folder 50\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 7, Folder 15\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 3, Folder 34\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 16, Folder 1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 13, Folder 1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 16, Folder 2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 12, Folder 1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 18, Folder 2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 16, Folder 3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 12, Folder 2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3367, Box 16, Folder 4\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 16, Folder 5\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 13, Folder 2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 18, Folder 3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 16, Folder 10\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 13, Folder 3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 12, Folder 12\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 16, Folder 11\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 12, Folder 13\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 16, Folder 12\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 16, Folder 13\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 12, Folder 17\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 13, Folder 7\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 12, Folder 18\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 16, Folder 21\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 16, Folder 26\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 3, Folder 32\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 4, Folder 7\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 5, Folder 62\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 5, Folder 66\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 8, Folder 7\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 8, Folder 25\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 8, Folder 26\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 3, Folder 23\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 4, Folder 13\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 5, Folder 59\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 7, Folder 45\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 3, Folder 18\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 3, Folder 27\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 4, Folder 5\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 4, Folder 11\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 5, Folder 36\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 5, Folder 63\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 6, Folder 4\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 6, Folder 26\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 8, Folder 10\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 11, Folder 8\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 3, Folder 41\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 5, Folder 35\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize materials moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 12, Folder 3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 18, Folder 5\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 16, Folder 14\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 13, Folder 4\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 16, Folder 15\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 12, Folder 15\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 18, Folder 6\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 16, Folder 16\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 18, Folder 7\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 16, Folder 17\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 16, Folder 18\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 12, Folder 16\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 13, Folder 5\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 13, Folder 6\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 18, Folder 8\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 13, Folder 8\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 13, Folder 9\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 16, Folder 22\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 16, Folder 23\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 12, Folder 21\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 18, Folder 9\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 16, Folder 24\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 12, Folder 22\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 12, Folder 23\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 12, Folder 24\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 12, Folder 25\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 12, Folder 26\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 13, Folder 10\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 12, Folder 27\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 18, Folder 10\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 16, Folder 25\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 18, Folder 11\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 4, Folder 17\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 6, Folder 46\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 7, Folder 31\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 8, Folder 33\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3367, Box 8, Folder 42\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 9, Folder 16\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 9, Folder 34\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 9, Folder 35\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 9, Folder 36\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 10, Folder 2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 6, Folder 38\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 7, Folder 33\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 7, Folder 37\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 7, Folder 63\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 7, Folder 71\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 10, Folder 1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 6, Folder 36\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 6, Folder 45\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 6, Folder 49\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 7, Folder 2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 7, Folder 3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 8, Folder 14\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 8, Folder 28\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 8, Folder 41\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 10, Folder 8\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 6, Folder 34\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 6, Folder 47\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 7, Folder 1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 7, Folder 61\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 8, Folder 40\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 10, Folder 3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 10, Folder 9\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 12, Folder 14\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 18, Folder 4\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 16, Folder 20\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 6, Folder 29\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 7, Folder 53\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 6, Folder 32\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 6","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 7","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 8","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 9","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 4","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 5","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 6","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 7","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 8","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 9","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 18, Folder 1","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 10","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 11","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 19","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 19","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 20","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 4, Folder 56","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 4, Folder 59","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 5, Folder 1","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 5, Folder 8","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 5, Folder 10","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 5, Folder 16","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 5, Folder 28","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 5, Folder 31","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 7, Folder 40","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 4, Folder 8","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 4, Folder 28","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 4, Folder 36","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 4, Folder 46","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 4, Folder 50","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 7, Folder 15","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 3, Folder 34","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 1","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 13, Folder 1","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 2","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 1","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 18, Folder 2","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 3","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 2","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3367, Box 16, Folder 4","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 5","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 13, Folder 2","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 18, Folder 3","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 10","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 13, Folder 3","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 12","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 11","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 13","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 12","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 13","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 17","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 13, Folder 7","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 18","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 21","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 26","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 3, Folder 32","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 4, Folder 7","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 5, Folder 62","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 5, Folder 66","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 8, Folder 7","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 8, Folder 25","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 8, Folder 26","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 3, Folder 23","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 4, Folder 13","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 5, Folder 59","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 7, Folder 45","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 3, Folder 18","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 3, Folder 27","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 4, Folder 5","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 4, Folder 11","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 5, Folder 36","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 5, Folder 63","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 6, Folder 4","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 6, Folder 26","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 8, Folder 10","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 11, Folder 8","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 3, Folder 41","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 5, Folder 35","Oversize materials moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 3","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 18, Folder 5","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 14","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 13, Folder 4","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 15","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 15","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 18, Folder 6","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 16","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 18, Folder 7","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 17","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 18","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 16","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 13, Folder 5","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 13, Folder 6","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 18, Folder 8","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 13, Folder 8","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 13, Folder 9","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 22","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 23","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 21","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 18, Folder 9","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 24","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 22","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 23","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 24","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 25","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 26","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 13, Folder 10","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 27","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 18, Folder 10","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 25","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 18, Folder 11","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 4, Folder 17","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 6, Folder 46","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 7, Folder 31","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 8, Folder 33","Removed from A\u0026M 3367, Box 8, Folder 42","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 9, Folder 16","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 9, Folder 34","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 9, Folder 35","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 9, Folder 36","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 10, Folder 2","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 6, Folder 38","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 7, Folder 33","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 7, Folder 37","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 7, Folder 63","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 7, Folder 71","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 10, Folder 1","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 6, Folder 36","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 6, Folder 45","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 6, Folder 49","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 7, Folder 2","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 7, Folder 3","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 8, Folder 14","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 8, Folder 28","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 8, Folder 41","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 10, Folder 8","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 6, Folder 34","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 6, Folder 47","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 7, Folder 1","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 7, Folder 61","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 8, Folder 40","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 10, Folder 3","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 10, Folder 9","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 14","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 18, Folder 4","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 20","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 6, Folder 29","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 7, Folder 53","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 6, Folder 32"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_1fe76a994c6e56435a8cddd682eee94b\"\u003eThis collection contains materials collected or created by the WVU Center for Women's Studies (CWS) in preparation for the Women's Centenary between 1989 and 1991. It mostly consists of research on early women students at WVU as well as planning materials for events to commemorate the Women's Centenary.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains materials collected or created by the WVU Center for Women's Studies (CWS) in preparation for the Women's Centenary between 1989 and 1991. It mostly consists of research on early women students at WVU as well as planning materials for events to commemorate the Women's Centenary."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_feba19d90bf0868b155eb1cec3aad97f\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536 / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536 / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_coll_ssim":["West Virginia University. Center for Women's Studies","Waugh, Lillian J., 1941-2018","Howe, Barbara J."],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","West Virginia University. Center for Women's Studies","Waugh, Lillian J., 1941-2018","Howe, Barbara J."],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","West Virginia University. Center for Women's Studies"],"persname_ssim":["Waugh, Lillian J., 1941-2018","Howe, Barbara J."],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":711,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-04T15:06:42.135Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1578_c01_c02_c148"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1578_c01_c02_c147","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Writings - Wood, Ruth Cassandra","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1578_c01_c02_c147#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1578_c01_c02_c147","ref_ssm":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1578_c01_c02_c147"],"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1578_c01_c02_c147","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1578","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1578","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1578_c01_c02","parent_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1578_c01_c02","parent_ssim":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1578","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1578_c01","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1578_c01_c02"],"parent_ids_ssim":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1578","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1578_c01","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1578_c01_c02"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["West Virginia University, Women's Studies Center, Women's Centenary, Records","Series 1. Research","Sub-Series 2. Families and Individuals"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["West Virginia University, Women's Studies Center, Women's Centenary, Records","Series 1. Research","Sub-Series 2. Families and Individuals"],"text":["West Virginia University, Women's Studies Center, Women's Centenary, Records","Series 1. Research","Sub-Series 2. Families and Individuals","Writings - Wood, Ruth Cassandra","Box 9","Folder 8"],"title_filing_ssi":"Writings - Wood, Ruth Cassandra","title_ssm":["Writings - Wood, Ruth Cassandra"],"title_tesim":["Writings - Wood, Ruth Cassandra"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1887-1988 and undated"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1887/1988"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Writings - Wood, Ruth Cassandra"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"collection_ssim":["West Virginia University, Women's Studies Center, Women's Centenary, Records"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":241,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Materials in box 21 are restricted due to the presence of student works and resumes. Materials in box 21 may be accessed 75 years after the latest date of creation, starting in 2061.","Researchers may access digitized and born digital materials by visiting the link attached to each item or by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc. "],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"date_range_isim":[1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988],"containers_ssim":["Box 9","Folder 8"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#1/components#146","timestamp":"2026-06-04T15:06:42.135Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1578","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1578","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1578","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1578","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_1578.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/195854","title_ssm":["West Virginia University, Women's Studies Center, Women's Centenary, Records"],"title_tesim":["West Virginia University, Women's Studies Center, Women's Centenary, Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1849-2000 and undated","1890-1992"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1890-1992"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1849-2000 and undated"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 3376","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1578"],"text":["A\u0026M 3376","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1578","West Virginia University, Women's Studies Center, Women's Centenary, Records","West Virginia Feminist Activist and Women's History Collection","West Virginia University  --  Women's Centenary (1891-1991)","Women --  Education","Women in higher education","Adult education of women","Special events - West Virginia University.","Materials in box 21 are restricted due to the presence of student works and resumes. Materials in box 21 may be accessed 75 years after the latest date of creation, starting in 2061.","Researchers may access digitized and born digital materials by visiting the link attached to each item or by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc. ","The Center for Women's and Gender Studies (CWGS) is an academic unit within West Virginia University's Eberly College of Arts and Sciences that offers a central location for discourse relative to the field of women's and gender studies. CWGS finds its origins in an informal Caucus for Women's Concerns formed in 1972 within West Viginia University (WVU) to \"achieve equitable treatment of women.\" In 1977, the Caucus submitted recommendations to then-WVU President Gene Budig regarding the establishment of a women's studies program and an advisory council on women's concerns. In response to these recommendations, the Caucus was officially accepted by the university as the Council for Women's Concerns (CWC), which included a Women's Studies Subcommittee formed to research and help facilitate a formal women's studies program.","The first proposal for a women's studies program was submitted to the CWC by Renata Pore in 1978, upon which a search committee headed by Dr. Enid Portnoy of the English Department was established. In 1980, the Women's Studies Program (WSP) was officially established as an interdisciplinary program in the College of Arts and Sciences. Judith Stitzel, a founding member of the CWC, was selected to serve as the first part-time coordinator of the WSP.","Under Stitzel's direction, the WSP developed an undergraduate Certificate Program in Women's Studies to be first offered in 1984. Simultaneously, the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) was established in the Office of the Vice President for Academic Affairs and Research to provide a collective space for students to gather. Judith Stitzel was made the founding director of the center, a position she would hold until 1992, making her the longest consecutive director of the center. The CWS would become affiliated with the Eberly College of Arts and Sciences in 1993.","The first undergraduate Certificates in Women's Studies at WVU were awarded to six students in 1986, the same year the first Master of Arts in Liberal Studies (MALS) graduated in Women's Studies. The Carrie Koeteurius Scholarship, which is still offered as of 2024, was first awarded to Deborah Gregory Eck and Lilo Ast in 1987.","One of the early major projects of the CWC, the Women's Centenary, \"Excellence Through Equity\" began planning in 1987 with Dr. Lillian Waugh being chosen as the research coordinator. After several years of planning and research, the Women's Centenary commenced in September 1989 on the 100-year anniversary of the first group of women to be admitted to WVU as degree candidates. Events were held over a two-year period, including lecture series, galas, building rededications, historical tours, exhibits, time capsule creations, and county-wide engagements. The Women's Centenary culminated with a convocation in 1991 on the 100-year anniversary of the first woman to graduate from WVU, Harriet Lyon.","In 1992, Judith Stitzel stepped down as director of the CWC, and the position was taken up by Helen Bannan from 1994 to 1998. Under Barbara Howe's directorship from 1998 to 2007, a BA and undergraduate minor in women's studies was established to coexist with the Certificate in Women's Studies. The first WVU women's studies major, Jamie Lynn Baxter, graduated in December 2003.","Janice Spleth served as interim director between 2008 and 2009, before Ann Oberhauser took directorship in 2009. Under her leadership in 2012, the CWC was renamed the Center for Women's and Gender Studies to incorporate a larger scale of classes and topics. After Oberhauser stepped down in 2013, Jennifer Orlikoff took directorship until 2016. Between 2016 and 2019, Cari Carpenter and Kasi Jackson served as interim directors, during which the LGBTQ+ Center was opened. In 2019, Sharon Bird became director, a position she still holds as of October 2024. In 2021, the Center for Women's and Gender Studies moved into its home in the Hodges Hall, Suite 505.","This collection contains materials collected or created by the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) while researching and preparing for the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Centenary between 1989 and 1991. While research and planning materials are the most prevalent materials in the collection, there are also administrive and ephemeral materials. The majority of materials relate to women at WVU, particularly during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Included are bigoraphies, notes, photographs, correspondence, newspaper clippings, essays, programs, rosters, and exhibit panels.","The colleciton is divided into four series, with additional sub-series as indicated below.","Series 1: Research, 1849-2000 and undated","- Sub-Series 1: Exhibit Panels, circa 1875-1990 and undated\n- Sub-Series 2: Families and Individuals, 1870-2000 and undated\n- Sub-Series 3: West Virginia University (WVU), 1849-2000 and undated","Series 2: Planning, 1858-1996 and undated","Series 3: Administration, 1875-1997 and undated","Series 4: Ephemera, undated","An addendum of 2012 August 14 can be found in series 4 as item 1.\nAn addendum of 2019 March 28 can be found in boxes 19 and 20. ","This series contains materials collected or created by the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) while researching for the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Centenary. It prominently contains research relating to early women who attended WVU such as Harriet Lyon-Jewett and Sallie Lowther Norris. Also included are martials created by using the completed research, such as exhibit panels and newspaper articles. Other materials include notes, correspondence, photographs, rosters, and biographies.","This sub-series contains exhibit panels created by the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) while researching for the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Centenary.","This sub-series contains materials collected and created by the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) while researching for the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Centenary and relating to early individuals and families affiliated with the university, primarily women.","Contains floppy disk (digitized)","VHS Tape","This sub-series contains materials collected or created by the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) during research for the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Centenary. It primarily consists of research on general aspects of WVU during the introduction of coeducation.","This series contains materials collected and created by the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) while planning for the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Centenary.","Contains floppy disc","Contains floppy disc","This series contains materials collected or created by the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) while facilitating operations and management during the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Centenary.","This series contains ephemeral material created by the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) for the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Centenary.","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 6","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 7","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 8","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 9","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 4","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 5","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 6","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 7","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 8","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 9","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 18, Folder 1","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 10","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 11","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 19","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 19","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 20","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 4, Folder 56","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 4, Folder 59","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 5, Folder 1","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 5, Folder 8","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 5, Folder 10","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 5, Folder 16","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 5, Folder 28","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 5, Folder 31","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 7, Folder 40","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 4, Folder 8","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 4, Folder 28","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 4, Folder 36","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 4, Folder 46","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 4, Folder 50","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 7, Folder 15","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 3, Folder 34","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 1","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 13, Folder 1","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 2","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 1","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 18, Folder 2","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 3","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 2","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3367, Box 16, Folder 4","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 5","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 13, Folder 2","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 18, Folder 3","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 10","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 13, Folder 3","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 12","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 11","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 13","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 12","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 13","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 17","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 13, Folder 7","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 18","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 21","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 26","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 3, Folder 32","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 4, Folder 7","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 5, Folder 62","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 5, Folder 66","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 8, Folder 7","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 8, Folder 25","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 8, Folder 26","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 3, Folder 23","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 4, Folder 13","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 5, Folder 59","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 7, Folder 45","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 3, Folder 18","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 3, Folder 27","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 4, Folder 5","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 4, Folder 11","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 5, Folder 36","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 5, Folder 63","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 6, Folder 4","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 6, Folder 26","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 8, Folder 10","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 11, Folder 8","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 3, Folder 41","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 5, Folder 35","Oversize materials moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 3","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 18, Folder 5","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 14","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 13, Folder 4","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 15","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 15","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 18, Folder 6","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 16","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 18, Folder 7","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 17","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 18","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 16","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 13, Folder 5","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 13, Folder 6","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 18, Folder 8","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 13, Folder 8","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 13, Folder 9","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 22","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 23","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 21","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 18, Folder 9","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 24","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 22","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 23","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 24","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 25","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 26","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 13, Folder 10","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 27","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 18, Folder 10","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 25","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 18, Folder 11","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 4, Folder 17","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 6, Folder 46","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 7, Folder 31","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 8, Folder 33","Removed from A\u0026M 3367, Box 8, Folder 42","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 9, Folder 16","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 9, Folder 34","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 9, Folder 35","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 9, Folder 36","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 10, Folder 2","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 6, Folder 38","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 7, Folder 33","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 7, Folder 37","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 7, Folder 63","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 7, Folder 71","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 10, Folder 1","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 6, Folder 36","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 6, Folder 45","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 6, Folder 49","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 7, Folder 2","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 7, Folder 3","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 8, Folder 14","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 8, Folder 28","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 8, Folder 41","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 10, Folder 8","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 6, Folder 34","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 6, Folder 47","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 7, Folder 1","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 7, Folder 61","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 8, Folder 40","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 10, Folder 3","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 10, Folder 9","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 14","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 18, Folder 4","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 20","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 6, Folder 29","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 7, Folder 53","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 6, Folder 32","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","This collection contains materials collected or created by the WVU Center for Women's Studies (CWS) in preparation for the Women's Centenary between 1989 and 1991. It mostly consists of research on early women students at WVU as well as planning materials for events to commemorate the Women's Centenary.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536 / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","West Virginia University. Center for Women's Studies","Waugh, Lillian J., 1941-2018","Howe, Barbara J.","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 3376","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1578"],"normalized_title_ssm":["West Virginia University, Women's Studies Center, Women's Centenary, Records"],"collection_title_tesim":["West Virginia University, Women's Studies Center, Women's Centenary, Records"],"collection_ssim":["West Virginia University, Women's Studies Center, Women's Centenary, Records"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"creator_ssm":["West Virginia University. Center for Women's Studies","Waugh, Lillian J., 1941-2018","Howe, Barbara J."],"creator_ssim":["West Virginia University. Center for Women's Studies","Waugh, Lillian J., 1941-2018","Howe, Barbara J."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Waugh, Lillian J., 1941-2018","Howe, Barbara J."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia University. Center for Women's Studies"],"creators_ssim":["Waugh, Lillian J., 1941-2018","Howe, Barbara J.","West Virginia University. Center for Women's Studies"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Transfer from WVU, Women's Studies Center, Waugh, Lillian, 2001 February 16","Gift from Waugh, Lillian J., 2012 August 14","Gift from Howe, Barbara J., 2019 March 28"],"access_subjects_ssim":["West Virginia Feminist Activist and Women's History Collection","West Virginia University  --  Women's Centenary (1891-1991)","Women --  Education","Women in higher education","Adult education of women","Special events - West Virginia University."],"access_subjects_ssm":["West Virginia Feminist Activist and Women's History Collection","West Virginia University  --  Women's Centenary (1891-1991)","Women --  Education","Women in higher education","Adult education of women","Special events - West Virginia University."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["16.33 Linear Feet 11 record cartons, 15 in. each; 1 document case, 5 in.; 1 document case, 2.5 in.; 3 flat storage boxes, 4 in. each; 2 flat storage boxes, 3 in. each; 3 flat storage boxes, 1.5 in. each; 1 framed portrait, 1 in.","0.004 Gigabytes 110 files, formats include .wsp, .rtf, .dig, and .noc"],"extent_tesim":["16.33 Linear Feet 11 record cartons, 15 in. each; 1 document case, 5 in.; 1 document case, 2.5 in.; 3 flat storage boxes, 4 in. each; 2 flat storage boxes, 3 in. each; 3 flat storage boxes, 1.5 in. each; 1 framed portrait, 1 in.","0.004 Gigabytes 110 files, formats include .wsp, .rtf, .dig, and .noc"],"date_range_isim":[1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in box 21 are restricted due to the presence of student works and resumes. Materials in box 21 may be accessed 75 years after the latest date of creation, starting in 2061.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may access digitized and born digital materials by visiting the link attached to each item or by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc. \u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Materials in box 21 are restricted due to the presence of student works and resumes. Materials in box 21 may be accessed 75 years after the latest date of creation, starting in 2061.","Researchers may access digitized and born digital materials by visiting the link attached to each item or by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc. "],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Center for Women's and Gender Studies (CWGS) is an academic unit within West Virginia University's Eberly College of Arts and Sciences that offers a central location for discourse relative to the field of women's and gender studies. CWGS finds its origins in an informal Caucus for Women's Concerns formed in 1972 within West Viginia University (WVU) to \"achieve equitable treatment of women.\" In 1977, the Caucus submitted recommendations to then-WVU President Gene Budig regarding the establishment of a women's studies program and an advisory council on women's concerns. In response to these recommendations, the Caucus was officially accepted by the university as the Council for Women's Concerns (CWC), which included a Women's Studies Subcommittee formed to research and help facilitate a formal women's studies program.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe first proposal for a women's studies program was submitted to the CWC by Renata Pore in 1978, upon which a search committee headed by Dr. Enid Portnoy of the English Department was established. In 1980, the Women's Studies Program (WSP) was officially established as an interdisciplinary program in the College of Arts and Sciences. Judith Stitzel, a founding member of the CWC, was selected to serve as the first part-time coordinator of the WSP.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUnder Stitzel's direction, the WSP developed an undergraduate Certificate Program in Women's Studies to be first offered in 1984. Simultaneously, the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) was established in the Office of the Vice President for Academic Affairs and Research to provide a collective space for students to gather. Judith Stitzel was made the founding director of the center, a position she would hold until 1992, making her the longest consecutive director of the center. The CWS would become affiliated with the Eberly College of Arts and Sciences in 1993.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe first undergraduate Certificates in Women's Studies at WVU were awarded to six students in 1986, the same year the first Master of Arts in Liberal Studies (MALS) graduated in Women's Studies. The Carrie Koeteurius Scholarship, which is still offered as of 2024, was first awarded to Deborah Gregory Eck and Lilo Ast in 1987.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOne of the early major projects of the CWC, the Women's Centenary, \"Excellence Through Equity\" began planning in 1987 with Dr. Lillian Waugh being chosen as the research coordinator. After several years of planning and research, the Women's Centenary commenced in September 1989 on the 100-year anniversary of the first group of women to be admitted to WVU as degree candidates. Events were held over a two-year period, including lecture series, galas, building rededications, historical tours, exhibits, time capsule creations, and county-wide engagements. The Women's Centenary culminated with a convocation in 1991 on the 100-year anniversary of the first woman to graduate from WVU, Harriet Lyon.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1992, Judith Stitzel stepped down as director of the CWC, and the position was taken up by Helen Bannan from 1994 to 1998. Under Barbara Howe's directorship from 1998 to 2007, a BA and undergraduate minor in women's studies was established to coexist with the Certificate in Women's Studies. The first WVU women's studies major, Jamie Lynn Baxter, graduated in December 2003.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanice Spleth served as interim director between 2008 and 2009, before Ann Oberhauser took directorship in 2009. Under her leadership in 2012, the CWC was renamed the Center for Women's and Gender Studies to incorporate a larger scale of classes and topics. After Oberhauser stepped down in 2013, Jennifer Orlikoff took directorship until 2016. Between 2016 and 2019, Cari Carpenter and Kasi Jackson served as interim directors, during which the LGBTQ+ Center was opened. In 2019, Sharon Bird became director, a position she still holds as of October 2024. In 2021, the Center for Women's and Gender Studies moved into its home in the Hodges Hall, Suite 505.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Center for Women's and Gender Studies (CWGS) is an academic unit within West Virginia University's Eberly College of Arts and Sciences that offers a central location for discourse relative to the field of women's and gender studies. CWGS finds its origins in an informal Caucus for Women's Concerns formed in 1972 within West Viginia University (WVU) to \"achieve equitable treatment of women.\" In 1977, the Caucus submitted recommendations to then-WVU President Gene Budig regarding the establishment of a women's studies program and an advisory council on women's concerns. In response to these recommendations, the Caucus was officially accepted by the university as the Council for Women's Concerns (CWC), which included a Women's Studies Subcommittee formed to research and help facilitate a formal women's studies program.","The first proposal for a women's studies program was submitted to the CWC by Renata Pore in 1978, upon which a search committee headed by Dr. Enid Portnoy of the English Department was established. In 1980, the Women's Studies Program (WSP) was officially established as an interdisciplinary program in the College of Arts and Sciences. Judith Stitzel, a founding member of the CWC, was selected to serve as the first part-time coordinator of the WSP.","Under Stitzel's direction, the WSP developed an undergraduate Certificate Program in Women's Studies to be first offered in 1984. Simultaneously, the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) was established in the Office of the Vice President for Academic Affairs and Research to provide a collective space for students to gather. Judith Stitzel was made the founding director of the center, a position she would hold until 1992, making her the longest consecutive director of the center. The CWS would become affiliated with the Eberly College of Arts and Sciences in 1993.","The first undergraduate Certificates in Women's Studies at WVU were awarded to six students in 1986, the same year the first Master of Arts in Liberal Studies (MALS) graduated in Women's Studies. The Carrie Koeteurius Scholarship, which is still offered as of 2024, was first awarded to Deborah Gregory Eck and Lilo Ast in 1987.","One of the early major projects of the CWC, the Women's Centenary, \"Excellence Through Equity\" began planning in 1987 with Dr. Lillian Waugh being chosen as the research coordinator. After several years of planning and research, the Women's Centenary commenced in September 1989 on the 100-year anniversary of the first group of women to be admitted to WVU as degree candidates. Events were held over a two-year period, including lecture series, galas, building rededications, historical tours, exhibits, time capsule creations, and county-wide engagements. The Women's Centenary culminated with a convocation in 1991 on the 100-year anniversary of the first woman to graduate from WVU, Harriet Lyon.","In 1992, Judith Stitzel stepped down as director of the CWC, and the position was taken up by Helen Bannan from 1994 to 1998. Under Barbara Howe's directorship from 1998 to 2007, a BA and undergraduate minor in women's studies was established to coexist with the Certificate in Women's Studies. The first WVU women's studies major, Jamie Lynn Baxter, graduated in December 2003.","Janice Spleth served as interim director between 2008 and 2009, before Ann Oberhauser took directorship in 2009. Under her leadership in 2012, the CWC was renamed the Center for Women's and Gender Studies to incorporate a larger scale of classes and topics. After Oberhauser stepped down in 2013, Jennifer Orlikoff took directorship until 2016. Between 2016 and 2019, Cari Carpenter and Kasi Jackson served as interim directors, during which the LGBTQ+ Center was opened. In 2019, Sharon Bird became director, a position she still holds as of October 2024. In 2021, the Center for Women's and Gender Studies moved into its home in the Hodges Hall, Suite 505."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], West Virginia University, Women's Studies Center, Women's Centenary, Records, A\u0026amp;M 3376, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], West Virginia University, Women's Studies Center, Women's Centenary, Records, A\u0026M 3376, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains materials collected or created by the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) while researching and preparing for the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Centenary between 1989 and 1991. While research and planning materials are the most prevalent materials in the collection, there are also administrive and ephemeral materials. The majority of materials relate to women at WVU, particularly during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Included are bigoraphies, notes, photographs, correspondence, newspaper clippings, essays, programs, rosters, and exhibit panels.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe colleciton is divided into four series, with additional sub-series as indicated below.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Research, 1849-2000 and undated\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e- Sub-Series 1: Exhibit Panels, circa 1875-1990 and undated\n- Sub-Series 2: Families and Individuals, 1870-2000 and undated\n- Sub-Series 3: West Virginia University (WVU), 1849-2000 and undated\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Planning, 1858-1996 and undated\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Administration, 1875-1997 and undated\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Ephemera, undated\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAn addendum of 2012 August 14 can be found in series 4 as item 1.\nAn addendum of 2019 March 28 can be found in boxes 19 and 20. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains materials collected or created by the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) while researching for the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Centenary. It prominently contains research relating to early women who attended WVU such as Harriet Lyon-Jewett and Sallie Lowther Norris. Also included are martials created by using the completed research, such as exhibit panels and newspaper articles. Other materials include notes, correspondence, photographs, rosters, and biographies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains exhibit panels created by the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) while researching for the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Centenary.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains materials collected and created by the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) while researching for the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Centenary and relating to early individuals and families affiliated with the university, primarily women.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains floppy disk (digitized)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVHS Tape\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains materials collected or created by the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) during research for the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Centenary. It primarily consists of research on general aspects of WVU during the introduction of coeducation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains materials collected and created by the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) while planning for the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Centenary.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains floppy disc\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains floppy disc\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains materials collected or created by the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) while facilitating operations and management during the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Centenary.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains ephemeral material created by the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) for the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Centenary.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains materials collected or created by the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) while researching and preparing for the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Centenary between 1989 and 1991. While research and planning materials are the most prevalent materials in the collection, there are also administrive and ephemeral materials. The majority of materials relate to women at WVU, particularly during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Included are bigoraphies, notes, photographs, correspondence, newspaper clippings, essays, programs, rosters, and exhibit panels.","The colleciton is divided into four series, with additional sub-series as indicated below.","Series 1: Research, 1849-2000 and undated","- Sub-Series 1: Exhibit Panels, circa 1875-1990 and undated\n- Sub-Series 2: Families and Individuals, 1870-2000 and undated\n- Sub-Series 3: West Virginia University (WVU), 1849-2000 and undated","Series 2: Planning, 1858-1996 and undated","Series 3: Administration, 1875-1997 and undated","Series 4: Ephemera, undated","An addendum of 2012 August 14 can be found in series 4 as item 1.\nAn addendum of 2019 March 28 can be found in boxes 19 and 20. ","This series contains materials collected or created by the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) while researching for the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Centenary. It prominently contains research relating to early women who attended WVU such as Harriet Lyon-Jewett and Sallie Lowther Norris. Also included are martials created by using the completed research, such as exhibit panels and newspaper articles. Other materials include notes, correspondence, photographs, rosters, and biographies.","This sub-series contains exhibit panels created by the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) while researching for the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Centenary.","This sub-series contains materials collected and created by the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) while researching for the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Centenary and relating to early individuals and families affiliated with the university, primarily women.","Contains floppy disk (digitized)","VHS Tape","This sub-series contains materials collected or created by the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) during research for the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Centenary. It primarily consists of research on general aspects of WVU during the introduction of coeducation.","This series contains materials collected and created by the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) while planning for the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Centenary.","Contains floppy disc","Contains floppy disc","This series contains materials collected or created by the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) while facilitating operations and management during the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Centenary.","This series contains ephemeral material created by the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) for the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Centenary."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 16, Folder 6\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 16, Folder 7\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 16, Folder 8\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 16, Folder 9\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 12, Folder 4\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 12, Folder 5\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 12, Folder 6\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 12, Folder 7\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 12, Folder 8\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 12, Folder 9\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 18, Folder 1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 12, Folder 10\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 12, Folder 11\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 16, Folder 19\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 12, Folder 19\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 12, Folder 20\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 4, Folder 56\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 4, Folder 59\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 5, Folder 1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 5, Folder 8\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 5, Folder 10\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 5, Folder 16\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 5, Folder 28\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 5, Folder 31\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 7, Folder 40\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 4, Folder 8\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 4, Folder 28\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 4, Folder 36\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 4, Folder 46\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 4, Folder 50\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 7, Folder 15\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 3, Folder 34\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 16, Folder 1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 13, Folder 1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 16, Folder 2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 12, Folder 1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 18, Folder 2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 16, Folder 3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 12, Folder 2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3367, Box 16, Folder 4\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 16, Folder 5\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 13, Folder 2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 18, Folder 3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 16, Folder 10\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 13, Folder 3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 12, Folder 12\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 16, Folder 11\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 12, Folder 13\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 16, Folder 12\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 16, Folder 13\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 12, Folder 17\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 13, Folder 7\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 12, Folder 18\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 16, Folder 21\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 16, Folder 26\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 3, Folder 32\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 4, Folder 7\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 5, Folder 62\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 5, Folder 66\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 8, Folder 7\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 8, Folder 25\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 8, Folder 26\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 3, Folder 23\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 4, Folder 13\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 5, Folder 59\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 7, Folder 45\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 3, Folder 18\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 3, Folder 27\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 4, Folder 5\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 4, Folder 11\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 5, Folder 36\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 5, Folder 63\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 6, Folder 4\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 6, Folder 26\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 8, Folder 10\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 11, Folder 8\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 3, Folder 41\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 5, Folder 35\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize materials moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 12, Folder 3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 18, Folder 5\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 16, Folder 14\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 13, Folder 4\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 16, Folder 15\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 12, Folder 15\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 18, Folder 6\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 16, Folder 16\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 18, Folder 7\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 16, Folder 17\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 16, Folder 18\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 12, Folder 16\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 13, Folder 5\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 13, Folder 6\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 18, Folder 8\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 13, Folder 8\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 13, Folder 9\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 16, Folder 22\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 16, Folder 23\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 12, Folder 21\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 18, Folder 9\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 16, Folder 24\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 12, Folder 22\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 12, Folder 23\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 12, Folder 24\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 12, Folder 25\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 12, Folder 26\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 13, Folder 10\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 12, Folder 27\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 18, Folder 10\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 16, Folder 25\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 18, Folder 11\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 4, Folder 17\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 6, Folder 46\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 7, Folder 31\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 8, Folder 33\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3367, Box 8, Folder 42\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 9, Folder 16\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 9, Folder 34\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 9, Folder 35\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 9, Folder 36\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 10, Folder 2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 6, Folder 38\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 7, Folder 33\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 7, Folder 37\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 7, Folder 63\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 7, Folder 71\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 10, Folder 1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 6, Folder 36\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 6, Folder 45\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 6, Folder 49\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 7, Folder 2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 7, Folder 3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 8, Folder 14\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 8, Folder 28\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 8, Folder 41\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 10, Folder 8\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 6, Folder 34\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 6, Folder 47\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 7, Folder 1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 7, Folder 61\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 8, Folder 40\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 10, Folder 3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 10, Folder 9\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 12, Folder 14\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 18, Folder 4\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize material moved to A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 16, Folder 20\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 6, Folder 29\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 7, Folder 53\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from A\u0026amp;M 3376, Box 6, Folder 32\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 6","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 7","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 8","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 9","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 4","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 5","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 6","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 7","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 8","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 9","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 18, Folder 1","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 10","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 11","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 19","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 19","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 20","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 4, Folder 56","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 4, Folder 59","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 5, Folder 1","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 5, Folder 8","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 5, Folder 10","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 5, Folder 16","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 5, Folder 28","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 5, Folder 31","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 7, Folder 40","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 4, Folder 8","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 4, Folder 28","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 4, Folder 36","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 4, Folder 46","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 4, Folder 50","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 7, Folder 15","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 3, Folder 34","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 1","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 13, Folder 1","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 2","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 1","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 18, Folder 2","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 3","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 2","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3367, Box 16, Folder 4","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 5","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 13, Folder 2","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 18, Folder 3","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 10","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 13, Folder 3","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 12","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 11","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 13","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 12","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 13","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 17","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 13, Folder 7","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 18","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 21","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 26","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 3, Folder 32","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 4, Folder 7","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 5, Folder 62","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 5, Folder 66","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 8, Folder 7","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 8, Folder 25","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 8, Folder 26","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 3, Folder 23","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 4, Folder 13","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 5, Folder 59","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 7, Folder 45","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 3, Folder 18","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 3, Folder 27","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 4, Folder 5","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 4, Folder 11","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 5, Folder 36","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 5, Folder 63","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 6, Folder 4","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 6, Folder 26","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 8, Folder 10","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 11, Folder 8","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 3, Folder 41","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 5, Folder 35","Oversize materials moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 3","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 18, Folder 5","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 14","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 13, Folder 4","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 15","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 15","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 18, Folder 6","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 16","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 18, Folder 7","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 17","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 18","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 16","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 13, Folder 5","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 13, Folder 6","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 18, Folder 8","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 13, Folder 8","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 13, Folder 9","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 22","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 23","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 21","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 18, Folder 9","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 24","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 22","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 23","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 24","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 25","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 26","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 13, Folder 10","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 27","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 18, Folder 10","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 25","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 18, Folder 11","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 4, Folder 17","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 6, Folder 46","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 7, Folder 31","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 8, Folder 33","Removed from A\u0026M 3367, Box 8, Folder 42","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 9, Folder 16","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 9, Folder 34","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 9, Folder 35","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 9, Folder 36","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 10, Folder 2","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 6, Folder 38","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 7, Folder 33","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 7, Folder 37","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 7, Folder 63","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 7, Folder 71","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 10, Folder 1","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 6, Folder 36","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 6, Folder 45","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 6, Folder 49","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 7, Folder 2","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 7, Folder 3","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 8, Folder 14","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 8, Folder 28","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 8, Folder 41","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 10, Folder 8","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 6, Folder 34","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 6, Folder 47","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 7, Folder 1","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 7, Folder 61","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 8, Folder 40","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 10, Folder 3","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 10, Folder 9","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 12, Folder 14","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 18, Folder 4","Oversize material moved to A\u0026M 3376, Box 16, Folder 20","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 6, Folder 29","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 7, Folder 53","Removed from A\u0026M 3376, Box 6, Folder 32"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_1fe76a994c6e56435a8cddd682eee94b\"\u003eThis collection contains materials collected or created by the WVU Center for Women's Studies (CWS) in preparation for the Women's Centenary between 1989 and 1991. It mostly consists of research on early women students at WVU as well as planning materials for events to commemorate the Women's Centenary.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains materials collected or created by the WVU Center for Women's Studies (CWS) in preparation for the Women's Centenary between 1989 and 1991. It mostly consists of research on early women students at WVU as well as planning materials for events to commemorate the Women's Centenary."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_feba19d90bf0868b155eb1cec3aad97f\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536 / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536 / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_coll_ssim":["West Virginia University. Center for Women's Studies","Waugh, Lillian J., 1941-2018","Howe, Barbara J."],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","West Virginia University. Center for Women's Studies","Waugh, Lillian J., 1941-2018","Howe, Barbara J."],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","West Virginia University. Center for Women's Studies"],"persname_ssim":["Waugh, Lillian J., 1941-2018","Howe, Barbara J."],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":711,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-04T15:06:42.135Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1578_c01_c02_c147"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_909","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"W.R. Loar and Son, Photographer, Records","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_909#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Loar, W. R. and Son","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_909#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Studio registers and business records of W.R. Loar and Son, photographers of Grafton, West Virginia. The 25 volumes of studio registers cover the period 1918 to 1965. The 20 volumes of business records include cash books, 1940-1958; inventories, 1949-1955; invoices, 1939-1947; bank books, 1939-1940; and business expense accounts, 1943-1965.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_909#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_909","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_909","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_909","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_909","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_909.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/206966","title_ssm":["W.R. Loar and Son, Photographer, Records"],"title_tesim":["W.R. Loar and Son, Photographer, Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1918-1968"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1918-1968"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 2780","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/909"],"text":["A\u0026M 2780","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/909","W.R. Loar and Son, Photographer, Records","Grafton.","Account books","Grafton, WV - Loar, W.R. and Son.","Grafton, WV - Photographers.","Photographers -- West Virginia -- Grafton","Photographers","Photography","No special access restriction applies.","Researchers may access digitized materials by visiting the link attached to each item or by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Studio registers and business records of W.R. Loar and Son, photographers of Grafton, West Virginia. The 25 volumes of studio registers cover the period 1918 to 1965. The 20 volumes of business records include cash books, 1940-1958; inventories, 1949-1955; invoices, 1939-1947; bank books, 1939-1940; and business expense accounts, 1943-1965.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","W.R. Loar and Son  (Grafton, W. Va.)","Loar, W.R. and Son - photographers.","Loar, W. R. and Son","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 2780","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/909"],"normalized_title_ssm":["W.R. Loar and Son, Photographer, Records"],"collection_title_tesim":["W.R. Loar and Son, Photographer, Records"],"collection_ssim":["W.R. Loar and Son, Photographer, Records"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Grafton."],"geogname_ssim":["Grafton."],"creator_ssm":["Loar, W. R. and Son"],"creator_ssim":["Loar, W. R. and Son"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Loar, W. R. and Son"],"creators_ssim":["Loar, W. R. and Son"],"places_ssim":["Grafton."],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift from Leslie J. Loar, Jr., 1980 October 30"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Account books","Grafton, WV - Loar, W.R. and Son.","Grafton, WV - Photographers.","Photographers -- West Virginia -- Grafton","Photographers","Photography"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Account books","Grafton, WV - Loar, W.R. and Son.","Grafton, WV - Photographers.","Photographers -- West Virginia -- Grafton","Photographers","Photography"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["14.3 Linear Feet 14 ft. 4 in. (22 document cases, 5 in. each; 3 records cartons, 15 in. each; 1 small flat storage box, 3 in.; 16 unboxed ledgers, 14 in.)"],"extent_tesim":["14.3 Linear Feet 14 ft. 4 in. (22 document cases, 5 in. each; 3 records cartons, 15 in. each; 1 small flat storage box, 3 in.; 16 unboxed ledgers, 14 in.)"],"date_range_isim":[1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may access digitized materials by visiting the link attached to each item or by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies.","Researchers may access digitized materials by visiting the link attached to each item or by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], W.R. Loar and Son, Photographer, Records, A\u0026amp;M 2780, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], W.R. Loar and Son, Photographer, Records, A\u0026M 2780, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_dcea40f476b2425a2a14879ef731e4f5\"\u003eStudio registers and business records of W.R. Loar and Son, photographers of Grafton, West Virginia. The 25 volumes of studio registers cover the period 1918 to 1965. The 20 volumes of business records include cash books, 1940-1958; inventories, 1949-1955; invoices, 1939-1947; bank books, 1939-1940; and business expense accounts, 1943-1965.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Studio registers and business records of W.R. Loar and Son, photographers of Grafton, West Virginia. The 25 volumes of studio registers cover the period 1918 to 1965. The 20 volumes of business records include cash books, 1940-1958; inventories, 1949-1955; invoices, 1939-1947; bank books, 1939-1940; and business expense accounts, 1943-1965."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_81e25983d89b3c30a9bd184be1ceedcd\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_coll_ssim":["W.R. Loar and Son  (Grafton, W. Va.)","Loar, W.R. and Son - photographers.","W.R. Loar and Son  (Grafton, W. Va.)"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","W.R. Loar and Son  (Grafton, W. Va.)","Loar, W.R. and Son - photographers.","Loar, W. 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Loar and Son, Photographer, Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1918-1968"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1918-1968"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 2780","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/909"],"text":["A\u0026M 2780","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/909","W.R. Loar and Son, Photographer, Records","Grafton.","Account books","Grafton, WV - Loar, W.R. and Son.","Grafton, WV - Photographers.","Photographers -- West Virginia -- Grafton","Photographers","Photography","No special access restriction applies.","Researchers may access digitized materials by visiting the link attached to each item or by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Studio registers and business records of W.R. Loar and Son, photographers of Grafton, West Virginia. The 25 volumes of studio registers cover the period 1918 to 1965. 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Loar and Son, Photographer, Records"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Grafton."],"geogname_ssim":["Grafton."],"creator_ssm":["Loar, W. R. and Son"],"creator_ssim":["Loar, W. R. and Son"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Loar, W. R. and Son"],"creators_ssim":["Loar, W. R. and Son"],"places_ssim":["Grafton."],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift from Leslie J. Loar, Jr., 1980 October 30"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Account books","Grafton, WV - Loar, W.R. and Son.","Grafton, WV - Photographers.","Photographers -- West Virginia -- Grafton","Photographers","Photography"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Account books","Grafton, WV - Loar, W.R. and Son.","Grafton, WV - Photographers.","Photographers -- West Virginia -- Grafton","Photographers","Photography"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["14.3 Linear Feet 14 ft. 4 in. (22 document cases, 5 in. each; 3 records cartons, 15 in. each; 1 small flat storage box, 3 in.; 16 unboxed ledgers, 14 in.)"],"extent_tesim":["14.3 Linear Feet 14 ft. 4 in. 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For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_dcea40f476b2425a2a14879ef731e4f5\"\u003eStudio registers and business records of W.R. Loar and Son, photographers of Grafton, West Virginia. The 25 volumes of studio registers cover the period 1918 to 1965. The 20 volumes of business records include cash books, 1940-1958; inventories, 1949-1955; invoices, 1939-1947; bank books, 1939-1940; and business expense accounts, 1943-1965.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Studio registers and business records of W.R. Loar and Son, photographers of Grafton, West Virginia. The 25 volumes of studio registers cover the period 1918 to 1965. The 20 volumes of business records include cash books, 1940-1958; inventories, 1949-1955; invoices, 1939-1947; bank books, 1939-1940; and business expense accounts, 1943-1965."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_81e25983d89b3c30a9bd184be1ceedcd\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_coll_ssim":["W.R. Loar and Son  (Grafton, W. Va.)","Loar, W.R. and Son - photographers.","W.R. Loar and Son  (Grafton, W. Va.)"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","W.R. Loar and Son  (Grafton, W. Va.)","Loar, W.R. and Son - photographers.","Loar, W. 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LEATHERS, \"THE ROLE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA IN PUBLIC HEALTH WORK\"","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_7_resources_111_c119#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_111_c119","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_7_resources_111_c119"],"id":"viu_repositories_7_resources_111_c119","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_111","_root_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_111","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_111","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_111","parent_ssim":["viu_repositories_7_resources_111"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_7_resources_111"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Henry Rose Carter papers"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Henry Rose Carter papers"],"text":["Henry Rose Carter papers","W. S. LEATHERS, \"THE ROLE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA IN PUBLIC HEALTH WORK\"","box 06","folder 011"],"title_filing_ssi":"W. S. LEATHERS, \"THE ROLE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA IN PUBLIC HEALTH WORK\"","title_ssm":["W. S. LEATHERS, \"THE ROLE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA IN PUBLIC HEALTH WORK\""],"title_tesim":["W. S. LEATHERS, \"THE ROLE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA IN PUBLIC HEALTH WORK\""],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1923/07"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1923"],"normalized_title_ssm":["W. S. LEATHERS, \"THE ROLE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA IN PUBLIC HEALTH WORK\""],"component_level_isim":[1],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Henry Rose Carter papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":119,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["No Restrictions"],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["No Restrictions"],"date_range_isim":[1923],"containers_ssim":["box 06","folder 011"],"_nest_path_":"/components#118","timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:45:43.147Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_7_resources_111","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_111","_root_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_111","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_111","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_7_resources_111.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/96","title_ssm":["Henry Rose Carter papers"],"title_tesim":["Henry Rose Carter papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1775-1947"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1775-1947"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.10","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/7/resources/111"],"text":["MS.10","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/7/resources/111","Henry Rose Carter papers","5.25 linear feet","No Restrictions","The collection has been organized into four groups. The bulk of the documents are arranged in chronological order, following these are folders of photographs. Reprints have been arranged by author's last name, and a final grouping contains oversize items--diplomas, etc.--and artifacts.","\nHenry Rose Carter was born on Clifton Plantation, Caroline County, Virginia, August 25, 1851 or 1852. He attended Aspen Hill Academy in Louisa County, Virginia, and completed studies there in 1868. After teaching in a boys school in Nelson County, Virginia, he entered the University of Virginia, where he earned proficiency certificates in Mineralogy and Geology, and in Physics, and a diploma from the School of Pure Mathematics in June of 1872. In July 1873, he earned diplomas from the Schools of General and Industrial Chemistry, Natural Philosophy, Applied Mathematics, and Civil Engineering. Subsequently Carter pursued an interest in Medicine, and he recieved an M.D. degree from the University of Maryland in March of 1879. That year he joined the Marine Hospital Service (later the United States Public Health Service) and over his career ascended through the ranks to become Assistant Surgeon General in 1915.\n","\nInitial postings with the Service took him to Cairo, Illinois -- where he met and married Laura Hook, of St. Louis, Missouri, on September 29, 1880 -- Memphis, Tennessee; San Francisco, California; and New Orleans, Louisiana. The Service detailed him as a quarantine officer to Ship Island, Mississippi in 1888, and here began his researches with yellow fever, which he would quickly refine to an extremely high level of expertise. Carter's thorough and methodical observations of the appearance and development of the disease proved critical to Dr. Walter Reed's landmark demonstration of the mosquito transmission of yellow fever in 1900. Assigned to Cuba in 1899, Carter's tour of duty overlapped with those of Reed and the other members of the famous United States Army Yellow Fever Commission, who were able to learn first-hand of Carter's most recent conclusions.\n","\nCarter's long and distinguished sanitary career took him to the Panama Canal Zone in 1904, where he served as Chief Quarantine Officer and Chief of Hospitals for five years. He also undertook detailed investigations and control measures of malaria in North Carolina and elsewhere in the South, and became a founder of the National Malaria Committee. With the support of the Rockefeller Foundation International Health Board, he undertook additional investigation and control measures for yellow fever in Central and South America. His expertise recommended him to the Peruvian government, which named Carter Sanitary Advisor in 1920-1921.\n","\nHealth problems at the end of his life compelled Carter to withdraw from active fieldwork, though he remained a highly valued consultant to the Health Board and a much-beloved and respected teacher for a new generation of sanitarians. Carter closed his career researching and writing the manuscript that his daughter, Laura Armistead Carter, edited and published posthumously in 1931: Yellow Fever: An Epidemiological and Historical Study of its Place of Origin.\n","Processed by: Historical Collections Staff Funding: Web version of the finding aid funded in part by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities. Finding aid by: Henry K. Sharp","Transfered 15 March 1983 from Alderman Special Collections. The collection was re-processed and entered into the Department's Manuscripts database (Access) in May of 2002. Processed by Henry K. Sharp of the Historical Collections and Services Department.","\nThe Carter Papers include correspondence relating to Carter's work on yellow fever and malaria as a surgeon in the Marine Health Service (later United States Public Health Service) and notes for drafts of his  Yellow Fever: An Epidemiological and Historical Study of its Place of Origin.  (Baltimore: The Williams and Wilkins Company, 1931). Included are photographs of and newspaper clippings about Carter, in addition to a small collection of reprints and publications by Carter and others. Also included is the correspondence of his daughter, Laura Armistead Carter with Frederick F. Russell and other members of the Rockefeller Foundation International Health Board, Wade Hampton Frost, of Johns Hopkins University, and others concerning her collaboration with Frost in the editing and publication of Carter's book. Also included are a series of eighteenth-century to mid-nineteenth-century documents principally belonging to Carter's great-grandfather, George Mason, of Spotsylvania and Caroline Counties, Virginia and to Mary Ann Brown, sister of Carter's mother.\n","Special Note: This collection should be consulted in conjunction with the Philip S. 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After teaching in a boys school in Nelson County, Virginia, he entered the University of Virginia, where he earned proficiency certificates in Mineralogy and Geology, and in Physics, and a diploma from the School of Pure Mathematics in June of 1872. In July 1873, he earned diplomas from the Schools of General and Industrial Chemistry, Natural Philosophy, Applied Mathematics, and Civil Engineering. Subsequently Carter pursued an interest in Medicine, and he recieved an M.D. degree from the University of Maryland in March of 1879. That year he joined the Marine Hospital Service (later the United States Public Health Service) and over his career ascended through the ranks to become Assistant Surgeon General in 1915.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nInitial postings with the Service took him to Cairo, Illinois -- where he met and married Laura Hook, of St. Louis, Missouri, on September 29, 1880 -- Memphis, Tennessee; San Francisco, California; and New Orleans, Louisiana. The Service detailed him as a quarantine officer to Ship Island, Mississippi in 1888, and here began his researches with yellow fever, which he would quickly refine to an extremely high level of expertise. Carter's thorough and methodical observations of the appearance and development of the disease proved critical to Dr. Walter Reed's landmark demonstration of the mosquito transmission of yellow fever in 1900. Assigned to Cuba in 1899, Carter's tour of duty overlapped with those of Reed and the other members of the famous United States Army Yellow Fever Commission, who were able to learn first-hand of Carter's most recent conclusions.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nCarter's long and distinguished sanitary career took him to the Panama Canal Zone in 1904, where he served as Chief Quarantine Officer and Chief of Hospitals for five years. He also undertook detailed investigations and control measures of malaria in North Carolina and elsewhere in the South, and became a founder of the National Malaria Committee. With the support of the Rockefeller Foundation International Health Board, he undertook additional investigation and control measures for yellow fever in Central and South America. His expertise recommended him to the Peruvian government, which named Carter Sanitary Advisor in 1920-1921.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nHealth problems at the end of his life compelled Carter to withdraw from active fieldwork, though he remained a highly valued consultant to the Health Board and a much-beloved and respected teacher for a new generation of sanitarians. Carter closed his career researching and writing the manuscript that his daughter, Laura Armistead Carter, edited and published posthumously in 1931: Yellow Fever: An Epidemiological and Historical Study of its Place of Origin.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["\nHenry Rose Carter was born on Clifton Plantation, Caroline County, Virginia, August 25, 1851 or 1852. He attended Aspen Hill Academy in Louisa County, Virginia, and completed studies there in 1868. After teaching in a boys school in Nelson County, Virginia, he entered the University of Virginia, where he earned proficiency certificates in Mineralogy and Geology, and in Physics, and a diploma from the School of Pure Mathematics in June of 1872. In July 1873, he earned diplomas from the Schools of General and Industrial Chemistry, Natural Philosophy, Applied Mathematics, and Civil Engineering. Subsequently Carter pursued an interest in Medicine, and he recieved an M.D. degree from the University of Maryland in March of 1879. That year he joined the Marine Hospital Service (later the United States Public Health Service) and over his career ascended through the ranks to become Assistant Surgeon General in 1915.\n","\nInitial postings with the Service took him to Cairo, Illinois -- where he met and married Laura Hook, of St. Louis, Missouri, on September 29, 1880 -- Memphis, Tennessee; San Francisco, California; and New Orleans, Louisiana. The Service detailed him as a quarantine officer to Ship Island, Mississippi in 1888, and here began his researches with yellow fever, which he would quickly refine to an extremely high level of expertise. Carter's thorough and methodical observations of the appearance and development of the disease proved critical to Dr. Walter Reed's landmark demonstration of the mosquito transmission of yellow fever in 1900. Assigned to Cuba in 1899, Carter's tour of duty overlapped with those of Reed and the other members of the famous United States Army Yellow Fever Commission, who were able to learn first-hand of Carter's most recent conclusions.\n","\nCarter's long and distinguished sanitary career took him to the Panama Canal Zone in 1904, where he served as Chief Quarantine Officer and Chief of Hospitals for five years. He also undertook detailed investigations and control measures of malaria in North Carolina and elsewhere in the South, and became a founder of the National Malaria Committee. With the support of the Rockefeller Foundation International Health Board, he undertook additional investigation and control measures for yellow fever in Central and South America. His expertise recommended him to the Peruvian government, which named Carter Sanitary Advisor in 1920-1921.\n","\nHealth problems at the end of his life compelled Carter to withdraw from active fieldwork, though he remained a highly valued consultant to the Health Board and a much-beloved and respected teacher for a new generation of sanitarians. Carter closed his career researching and writing the manuscript that his daughter, Laura Armistead Carter, edited and published posthumously in 1931: Yellow Fever: An Epidemiological and Historical Study of its Place of Origin.\n"],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eProcessed by:\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eHistorical Collections Staff\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFunding:\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWeb version of the finding aid funded in part by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFinding aid by:\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eHenry K. Sharp\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["Processed by: Historical Collections Staff Funding: Web version of the finding aid funded in part by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities. Finding aid by: Henry K. Sharp"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHenry Rose Carter Papers, 1775-1947, MS-10, Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, Historical Collections and Services, University of Virginia\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Henry Rose Carter Papers, 1775-1947, MS-10, Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, Historical Collections and Services, University of Virginia"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTransfered 15 March 1983 from Alderman Special Collections. The collection was re-processed and entered into the Department's Manuscripts database (Access) in May of 2002. Processed by Henry K. Sharp of the Historical Collections and Services Department.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Transfered 15 March 1983 from Alderman Special Collections. The collection was re-processed and entered into the Department's Manuscripts database (Access) in May of 2002. Processed by Henry K. Sharp of the Historical Collections and Services Department."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nThe Carter Papers include correspondence relating to Carter's work on yellow fever and malaria as a surgeon in the Marine Health Service (later United States Public Health Service) and notes for drafts of his\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003e Yellow Fever: An Epidemiological and Historical Study of its Place of Origin.\u003c/title\u003e (Baltimore: The Williams and Wilkins Company, 1931). Included are photographs of and newspaper clippings about Carter, in addition to a small collection of reprints and publications by Carter and others. Also included is the correspondence of his daughter, Laura Armistead Carter with Frederick F. Russell and other members of the Rockefeller Foundation International Health Board, Wade Hampton Frost, of Johns Hopkins University, and others concerning her collaboration with Frost in the editing and publication of Carter's book. Also included are a series of eighteenth-century to mid-nineteenth-century documents principally belonging to Carter's great-grandfather, George Mason, of Spotsylvania and Caroline Counties, Virginia and to Mary Ann Brown, sister of Carter's mother.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSpecial Note:\u003c/emph\u003eThis collection should be consulted in conjunction with the Philip S. Hench Walter Reed Yellow Fever Collection, Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, Department of Historical Collections and Services, MS 1 (and in online version: http://yellowfever.lib.virginia.edu), containing a substantial complementary deposit of Henry Rose Carter papers.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["\nThe Carter Papers include correspondence relating to Carter's work on yellow fever and malaria as a surgeon in the Marine Health Service (later United States Public Health Service) and notes for drafts of his  Yellow Fever: An Epidemiological and Historical Study of its Place of Origin.  (Baltimore: The Williams and Wilkins Company, 1931). Included are photographs of and newspaper clippings about Carter, in addition to a small collection of reprints and publications by Carter and others. Also included is the correspondence of his daughter, Laura Armistead Carter with Frederick F. Russell and other members of the Rockefeller Foundation International Health Board, Wade Hampton Frost, of Johns Hopkins University, and others concerning her collaboration with Frost in the editing and publication of Carter's book. Also included are a series of eighteenth-century to mid-nineteenth-century documents principally belonging to Carter's great-grandfather, George Mason, of Spotsylvania and Caroline Counties, Virginia and to Mary Ann Brown, sister of Carter's mother.\n","Special Note: This collection should be consulted in conjunction with the Philip S. Hench Walter Reed Yellow Fever Collection, Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, Department of Historical Collections and Services, MS 1 (and in online version: http://yellowfever.lib.virginia.edu), containing a substantial complementary deposit of Henry Rose Carter papers.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo Restrictions\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["No Restrictions"],"names_ssim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library"],"corpname_ssim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":150,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:45:43.147Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_7_resources_111_c119"}},{"id":"viu_viu00663_c01_c422","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"W. S. McClanahan, Roanoke, Va. - about\n                  insurance","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_viu00663_c01_c422#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_viu00663_c01_c422","ref_ssm":["viu_viu00663_c01_c422"],"id":"viu_viu00663_c01_c422","ead_ssi":"viu_viu00663","_root_":"viu_viu00663","_nest_parent_":"viu_viu00663_c01","parent_ssi":"viu_viu00663_c01","parent_ssim":["viu_viu00663","viu_viu00663_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_viu00663","viu_viu00663_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Edward L. Stone/Borderland Coal Company Papers \n         \n         1895-1937","Edward L. Stone Personal Papers"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Edward L. Stone/Borderland Coal Company Papers \n         \n         1895-1937","Edward L. Stone Personal Papers"],"text":["Edward L. Stone/Borderland Coal Company Papers \n         \n         1895-1937","Edward L. Stone Personal Papers","W. S. McClanahan, Roanoke, Va. - about\n                  insurance","box Box 135"],"title_filing_ssi":"W. S. McClanahan, Roanoke, Va. - about\n                  insurance","title_ssm":["W. S. McClanahan, Roanoke, Va. - about\n                  insurance"],"title_tesim":["W. S. McClanahan, Roanoke, Va. - about\n                  insurance"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1920 -1935"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1920/1935"],"normalized_title_ssm":["W. S. McClanahan, Roanoke, Va. - about\n                  insurance"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Edward L. Stone/Borderland Coal Company Papers \n         \n         1895-1937"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":423,"date_range_isim":[1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935],"containers_ssim":["box Box 135"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#421","timestamp":"2026-05-21T12:16:02.259Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_viu00663","ead_ssi":"viu_viu00663","_root_":"viu_viu00663","_nest_parent_":"viu_viu00663","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/uva-sc/viu00663.xml","title_ssm":["Edward L. Stone/Borderland Coal Company Papers \n         \n         1895-1937"],"title_tesim":["Edward L. Stone/Borderland Coal Company Papers \n         \n         1895-1937"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["382"],"text":["382","Edward L. Stone/Borderland Coal Company Papers \n         \n         1895-1937","This collection\n         consists of approximately 500,000 items.","Stored off-site. Users must request boxes 48 hours in advance of desired use. Neither drop-in nor next-day requests can be fulfilled. For additional information, contact Special Collections. \n","After arrival at the University, the collection was placed\n         in the stack areas of the then division of Rare Books and\n         Manuscripts of the Library, and was shelved in close proximity\n         to another large collection received only a year before, that\n         of the Low Moor Iron Company. The two comprised the largest\n         group of material in the division at the time, a group that,\n         unfortunately, was rarely used by researchers as there were no\n         finding aids to the mass, and interested researchers were\n         intimidated by the problems of research in the papers.","The collections remained in the stacks until 1958 when\n         expansion space in the division's storage area was reduced to\n         a minimum by the successful collecting program of the\n         intervening years. A review of the collections and their use\n         showed that the Stone collection and the Low Moor Iron Company\n         papers were rarely consulted, and it was decided to move them\n         out of the division's quarters to provide storage space for\n         collections that were being used by researchers.","Space was located in the attic of a student dormitory, and\n         the division prepared the papers for long-term storage by\n         removing them from the old letter boxes in which they had\n         arrived. Each bundle of papers was placed between sheets of\n         gray, newspaper-storage cardboard sheets; the spine titles of\n         the old letter boxes were copied onto the cardboard sheets,\n         and the bundle was wrapped in brown paper, tied up with\n         string, and numbered in a coded sequence.","The collections remained in the attic of Lefevre House\n         until the fall of 1976 when, after the receipt of a grant from\n         the National Endowment for the Humanities for the processing\n         of the two collections, they were transported to the Alderman\n         Library building once more In the Library's receiving room,\n         the bundles were cleaned in the dust hood, untied and\n         unwrapped, and the contents transferred into gray, Hollinger\n         storage boxes before transfer into the storage areas of the\n         Manuscripts Department for processing. The coded numbers on\n         the bundles were recorded but proved to be of no use in\n         restoring order to the papers, badly out of sequence from\n         their many moves over the years. Nor did the spine titles and\n         dates from the original letters boxes prove to be of any\n         particular use in organizing the collection.","Once processing work was completed at the end of the summer\n         of 1978, the Stone Papers were transferred back to the\n         dormitory attic as space in the Alderman Library building\n         remained short, and it was felt that adequate service on the\n         Stone Papers could be maintained from the attic now that a\n         guide to the papers had been prepared. (N.B. The Stone papers\n         were removed from the dormitory attic and transferred to the\n         University Library's high-density remote storage facility\n         following its opening in the mid-1990s.)","The word \"organization\" is used here with considerable\n         diffidence, for any researcher studying the lists of box\n         contents that follow will realize quickly that there is no\n         organization in the usual sense of the word.","As previously noted, the Stone papers were subjected to a\n         number of moves before processing began, and, unfortunately,\n         there seems to have been little organization of the papers in\n         Mr. Stone's files in his Roanoke office. Presumably, he and\n         his staff could locate material that was needed from the\n         files, but at the time that processing began in the fall of\n         1976, no discernible scheme of organization could be\n         determined.","The first step was to review the series of coded numbers\n         placed on the bundles of papers before they were moved to the\n         dormitory attic, but these did not provide any sort of useful\n         organization. Next, the spine titles of the original letter\n         boxes were reviewed (they had been copied onto the gray\n         cardboard sheets before the move to the dormitory attic), but\n         they, too, proved useless.","These steps having provided no scheme, and after a\n         considerable hiatus due to a turnover in student processors on\n         the collection, the new student processors were instructed to\n         begin a box-by-box inventory of the contents of the\n         collection. During this inventory, old folders were replaced\n         with acid-free ones, and the original folder headings were\n         copied onto the new ones. Some removal of papers clips was\n         accomplished, and the materials were reviewed and notes were\n         taken for the guide.","The processors found that Mr. Stone's papers were comprised\n         of three series. One was devoted to his personal affairs, and\n         contained material about his diverse business interests\n         outside his two major ones, and about his civic and\n         professional interests, as well as papers from his private\n         life. The second series contained the papers from his major\n         business and \"first love\" the Stone Printing and Manufacturing\n         Company of Roanoke; and the third series included a wealth of\n         material about the Borderland Coal Company, an enterprise that\n         Mr. Stone served for twenty-seven years, first as president\n         and later, as chairman of the board.","For a long time, we considered separating the three series\n         of papers, and the processors evolved a good system of colored\n         slips clipped to the boxes to identify material from each\n         series contained in a box. However, as they neared the end of\n         their inventory, the processors became convinced, and argued\n         successfully that the series should not be separated.\n         Basically, all these papers are Mr. Stone's private papers as\n         he was the major stockholder in the Stone Printing Company and\n         it was very much a personal operation. There are\n         interrelationships between material that was found standing in\n         different folders in the same box, and the processors\n         correctly feared that drastic reorganization would destroy\n         those relationships. Thus, we decided to accept their\n         argument, and the box contents were allowed to remain as we\n         found them.","A certain amount of movement of boxes within the collection\n         probably would ease use of it. But what processing was\n         accomplished on this project took far longer than had been\n         anticipated, and there was no time in the late spring of 1978,\n         when the processors had to complete their work with the\n         project, to undertake a mass movement of material. Thus, they\n         stand in the order in which we found them at the beginning of\n         the project.","As has been stated above, the three series of papers in\n         this collection (Stone Personal; Borderland Coal Co.; and\n         Stone Printing and Mfg. Co.) have not been physically\n         separated and are scattered throughout the collection.\n         However, in the container listing which follows the three\n         series have been separated. Therefore, the listing for the\n         Edward L. Stone Personal Papers series begins with Box 11 of\n         the collection because that is the first box in which Stone's\n         personal papers can be found. (Boxes 1-10 appear in the\n         listing for the Borderland Coal Co. series.) This also means\n         that if a box contains material from more than one series it\n         will have more than one entry in the listing, so that to find\n         a complete listing of a particular box a researcher might need\n         to look at the listing for each of the three series. In\n         addition, some of the box entries in the listing are slightly\n         out of order, so that if a box appears to have no entry or\n         only a partial entry, in a particular series the entry is\n         sometimes picked up on the next page of the listing.","Listings of oversize material are located at the end of the\n         listing for each series.","Biography of Edward L. Stone Edward Lee Stone was born on September 15, 1864, in\n         Liberty (now Bedford) Virginia, the son of John Harmon Stone\n         and Mary Witt Stone. He was reared in very modest\n         circumstances, and received no more than an elementary school\n         education, yet he became one of the wealthiest and most\n         prominent citizens in the state of Virginia.","Edward Stone's career in the printing business is typical\n         of the fabled American dream. At ten years of age, having\n         recently lost his father, Stone was in the boys' playground of\n         his school. J. R. Guy, the editor of the Bedford Sentinel\n         newspaper, came to the playground looking for William Fellers,\n         Stone's cousin. When Stone asked Mr. Guy what he wanted with\n         William, Guy replied \"I want him to carry the papers. Stone\n         said, \"I'll carry 'em' for you.\" After being a delivery boy\n         for the Sentinel, Stone learned to set type and worked\n         evenings after school for five cents an evening; twenty-five\n         cents on Saturday. Less than a year later, economics\n         necessitated that he quit school to pursue his job full time.\n         Stone learned his lessons well, and showed enthusiasm in every\n         phase of his work. Young Stone worked alongside a window, and\n         enjoyed nothing better than to jump out into the street and\n         scrap with some passing youngster, returning to his duties\n         after the fun was over.","Stone was given more and more duties which he performed to\n         this employer's total satisfaction. At the age of sixteen, for\n         some now-inexplicable reason, Stone left the newspaper\n         business to work for a mercantile establishment, He soon grew\n         bored, however, and returned to printer's ink. This time he\n         worked for the Democrat, a weekly newspaper in Buchanan,\n         Virginia, then a thriving town at the intersection of the\n         James River and the Kanawha Canal.","Once, at the age of sixteen, Stone was entrusted with\n         getting out an entire edition of the paper by himself. The\n         editor was in court and many workmen were out sick. Stone and\n         an assistant set type at breakneck speed beginning at 7:15\n         A.M. and had the entire seven-column paper completed by noon\n         --an amazing feat. Stone was out playing ball by 2 P.M. and\n         earned a $5.00 bonus from his boss, editor William J. Boyd. In\n         1882, Boyd informed Stone that he was going to open a printing\n         office in Roanoke, Virginia, then a small town. Boyd wanted\n         Stone to be manager, and on July 20th, 1882, both men arrived\n         in Roanoke. A place could not be found for the new enterprise\n         however, and both returned to Buchanan. Stone became\n         disillusioned with the small scope of opportunities Buchanan\n         provided, and, with an ambition to \"become somebody\" in the\n         printing business, set out for Lynchburg. Landing in Lynchburg\n         in January 1883 he applied for work on the News and, after a\n         few days, secured a position as compositor. Here he remained\n         until March, achieving considerable reputation as a fast\n         compositor, yet not satisfied. Stone really longed for a\n         position in the printing business. John P. Bell offered Stone\n         a minor position in a branch office he had planned to open in\n         Roanoke. The position was, in most respects, inferior to the\n         one he had already held, but Stone gladly took it. He worked\n         hard, and showed superior business ability which impressed Mr.\n         Bell so much that when the manager of the business died in\n         1885 his position was offered to Stone. The position was not\n         offered without some misgivings because of Stone's youth (he\n         was only twenty-one) and his lack of business experience.\n         Stone, however, did such a good job as manager that Bell\n         realized that he had made the right choice. Stone eventually\n         gained control of the business and became president of the\n         company.","His position was secure enough that in 1890, he married\n         Miss Minnie Fishburn, daughter of J. A. Fishburn, a prominent\n         business man of Roanoke. The couple had one child, Mary\n         Katherine Stone.","Edward Stone's printing business grew in size and wealth.\n         By 1920 it was acknowledged by many to be the best-equipped\n         printing corporation in the south, and one of the largest as\n         well. He had many other business interests. He was president\n         of the Borderland Coal Corporation, president of the Virginia\n         Bridge and Iron Company, vice president and later president of\n         the Walker Foundry and Machine Company, chairman of the First\n         National Exchange Bank, and president of his primary business\n         and \"first love,\" the Stone Printing and Manufacturing\n         Company.","In March 1896 Stone was presented with a petition signed by\n         fourteen Roanoke business men requesting that he run for\n         mayor. Stone was very tempted, but a law stating that no one\n         in Roanoke public office would be permitted to do business\n         with the city stopped him. Stone felt that not being able to\n         do business with the city would be unfair to his stockholders.\n         Stone, a civic-minded individual, was chairman of the Roanoke\n         Community Fund in 1924, and of the City Planning and Zoning\n         Commission. He was also chairman of the war bond committee\n         during the First World War, and belonged to many societies and\n         organizations, including the American Institute of Graphic\n         Arts, the Florida State Historical Society, the Shenandoah\n         Club of Roanoke, the Country Club of Roanoke, the Roanoke Gun\n         Club, the Roanoke German Club, the Virginia Historical Society\n         (life member), the Better Printing Committee of the United\n         Typothetae of America, the Roanoke Rotary Club, the\n         International Benjamin Franklin Society of New York, and the\n         board of trustees of the Committee to Assist the Blind.","Edward Stone was also an extremely charitable man. He gave\n         large sums of money to the Roanoke Hospital and the Roanoke\n         Relief Fund, helped endow Roanoke College, gave heavily to the\n         Boy Scouts and the War Relief Clearing House, and donated\n         money to the Coal Miner's Relief Fund--even though it was\n         those very coal miners who were striking in Stone's coal\n         mines. He believed, however, that the miners' children should\n         not have to suffer for their parents' stand. The Stones also\n         gave money to support French children who had been left\n         fatherless as a result of the war. Stone, a Presbyterian,\n         donated $100.00 to the Jewish Relief Fund in 1917 to aid the\n         starving Jews in Russia displaced by the war, and also sent\n         funds to the Tuskeegee Institute.","Edward Stone's principal hobby was book collecting, and his\n         library was appraised at $50,000.00 in 1939. Among his\n         treasured pieces was a page from the original Gutenberg Bible.\n         Stone's library was considered to be the largest and\n         best-equipped privately-owned library in the state of\n         Virginia.","Stone's income fluctuated through the years. In 1917 and\n         1918, partly through stock sales, Stone declared an income of\n         $129,383.39 and $91,483.00 respectively, but 1926 was\n         considered an average year, and he declared an income of\n         $57,500.00.","Although Stone was a humanitarian and philanthropist, he\n         believed in keeping total control of his business and watched\n         his employees closely. He did not strongly oppose unionization\n         in his printing shop, but fully opposed unionization in his\n         coal mines, even using scabs to break strikes.","Stone suffered financial reversals during the Great\n         Depression but he reorganized his holdings to prevent a great\n         loss, and he weathered the Depression better than most\n         businessmen. His health had begun to fail by 1929, and by 1934\n         he was virtually bedridden. Finally, after a protracted\n         illness, Edward L. Stone died on June 3, 1938, at the age of\n         seventy-four.","A History of the Borderland Coal\n         Company The Borderland Coal Company derived its name from its\n         dual location in Mingo County, West Virginia, and Pike County,\n         Kentucky, an area bordered by the Tug Fork of the Big Sandy\n         River. The mines proper were located in Kentucky, and the coal\n         washers and other processing equipment were located in West\n         Virginia. The company operated from 1903 to 1934. While the\n         Borderland Coal Company was incorporated in 1903, the first\n         batch of coal was not shipped until September 1, 1904. In that\n         year J. S. Tipton, formerly the majority stockholder, resigned\n         his post as general manager of Borderland Coal and sold most\n         of his stock to Edward L. Stone. At that time Stone was\n         president of the Young Men's Investment Club which owned a\n         large number of shares in the Borderland Coal Company, and\n         thus, Stone controlled the club's activities.","The Borderland Coal Company initially owned approximately\n         1,000 acres of coal land. The company mined bituminous or soft\n         coal, and sold slack coal, used by railroads and industrial\n         concerns, egg coal, used in private furnaces, and nut coal,\n         the highest quality of bituminous coal, used in the kitchens\n         of private homes.","The Borderland Coal Company grew through the early 1900's.\n         In 1905, a second plant was opened called simply \"Operation\n         #2.\" The company declared its first stock dividend in November\n         1907, and began the construction of an electric plant,\n         cableway, conveyor, and tipple at a cost of $27,950.00. In\n         1908 a new coal washer was installed. By late 1914 the\n         Borderland Company held 3,000 acres of coal lands containing\n         an estimated 20,000,000 tons of coal. The profits of the\n         Borderland Coal Company increased from $1,250.00 in 1904 to\n         $11,243.77 in 1905, to $49,977.21 in 1908, and to $110,532.68\n         in 1910.","The amount of coal mined increased from 246 railroad\n         carloads in 1904 to 3,781 railroad carloads in 1910, and\n         expansion continued until the outbreak of World War I. The\n         coal paid a regular annual dividend averaging 15-30%. Prior to\n         1911, the Leckie Coal Company of Cleveland, Ohio, was the\n         exclusive agency for the sale of Borderland Coal. In that\n         year, however, the Borderland Coal Sales Company was formed,\n         with officers of the Borderland Coal Company doubling as\n         officials of the new company.","The town of Borderland, West Virginia, was a company town,\n         with company-owned homes, stores, school, and a church. The\n         rents in the company homes appear to have been within the\n         miners' incomes. The prices in the company stores, however,\n         were exorbitant. In fact, profits for the company store were\n         the second biggest money maker for the company in 1911,\n         totaling $11,811.78. The largest profit maker was coal, which\n         netted $91,741.07, while the sale of powder was ranked third,\n         totaling $3,165.86.","World War I created a great demand and a high prices for\n         coal, and the Borderland Coal Company prospered despite\n         difficulty finding railroad cars to transport its produce. In\n         1917, the company paid a record 60% dividend. On January 1,\n         1918, the company re-chartered itself in Virginia, and\n         patented the trademark and the name of the Borderland Coal\n         Company. The new capital stock was valued at nearly\n         $800,000.00. In November 1918 construction began on a new\n         tipple at a cost of $116,000.00. After the First World War,\n         the Borderland Coal Company experienced a decrease in both the\n         demand and the price of coal. The problem of labor and\n         unionization, however, ultimately caused the company's\n         demise.","Borderland Coal Company officials had been concerned over\n         the growth of coal mine unionization long before any major\n         trouble began. As early as 1915, L. E. Armentrout, the\n         corporation's Vice President and General Manager began using\n         \"secret service men\" to infiltrate the ranks of the miners and\n         report on any union activity. It is not known whether these\n         agents were U.S. government agents or private investigators,\n         but the latter is presumed. One of them reported on March 10,\n         1915:","I spent the entire day Monday with Emmett and Ed McKee,\n            Gus Cantrell, and Henry McKnight, all white Americans. We\n            played cards in an empty house on the Kentucky side. We had\n            a nice fire and everything was very comfortable. We would\n            play cards until we got tired, then we would stop\n            everything and talk unionism. Gus Cantrell said that he had\n            been talking to the boys for the last year, trying to get\n            them to organize a local of the U.M.W. of A. He said that\n            there was plenty of good, solid union men and that there\n            were also a lot of rotten scabs here. That he got into a\n            conversation with George McCormick, a white man, and\n            McCormick told him that he didn't believe in the union and\n            that he didn't want anything to do with the U.M.W. of A. .\n            . . I told Cantrell that I would be willing to help\n            organize the local. He said, \"Well, the work is picking up\n            now and we will wait until the boys get a good pay day,\n            then we will put this thing through.\"","Borderland Coal Company successfully resisted unionization\n         in the years before World War I. Wartime regulations prevented\n         strikes and hindered unionization, but after the war many\n         miners felt that it was time to air their grievances. Miners\n         disagreed over specific demands, but most felt that grave\n         inequalities existed in the rates for day workers established\n         by the Bituminous Coal Commission. The miners requested that a\n         conference be held but this request was turned down by the\n         Commission. Dissatisfaction became more pronounced, and during\n         the middle of July 1920 the miners in some of the subdistricts\n         walked out in an unauthorized strike. Shutdowns spread to\n         Indiana and Illinois. President Woodrow Wilson intervened and\n         told the miners that if they returned to work a grievance\n         committee would be formed. The miners returned to work August\n         10, 1920, and the committee was set up. Management and labor\n         agreed on a wage increase and all was quiet for a while.","West Virginia was in a unique position in that most of the\n         mines in that state were non-union. The Interstate Commerce\n         Commission fixed freight rates with a \"differential\" low\n         enough that West Virginia coal would not be eliminated by\n         production from other fields closer to their market. When the\n         market for coal was good, the differential also allowed the\n         union coal fields of Indiana, Michigan, and Illinois to pay\n         the union scale of wages and still sell their coal in\n         competition with the product of non-union fields, such as\n         those in West Virginia. When the demand for coal was low and\n         prices receded, however, the differential no longer aided the\n         union fields and they began to experience an adverse effect.\n         These conditions appeared after the First World War, and as a\n         result operators of unionized mines demanded the unionization\n         of the Wast Virginia coal fields. Thus the U.M.W. put pressure\n         on all non-union fields, including those of the Borderland\n         Coal Company. Borderland Coal Company had been fairly quiet\n         about unionization up to this time. On May 5, 1920, however,\n         L. E. Armentrout had issued the following notice:","TO THE PRESENT OR FUTURE EMPLOYEES OF THE BORDERLAND\n            COAL COMPANY \n             Considerable efforts are being made to organize this\n            field and certain advantages are being held out to some men\n            showing the advisability of belonging to the Union. \n             This is a free country and this company is not going\n            to dictate to its employees whether they shall or shall not\n            join the Union, but for your information and for the\n            information of your friends, we wish to state positively\n            that no Union man will be employed by this company, and if\n            you find that it is to your interest to join the Union, we\n            would suggest that you arrange to move out and call at the\n            office and we will be glad to settle with you. This will\n            save you as well as the company further trouble, but we\n            sincerely hope that the pleasant relations between the\n            Company and the men will continue, and that each and every\n            one of you will continue in our employ. \n             Yours very truly, \n             L. E. Armentrout, \n             Manager \n            ","By late May, 1920 the situation had become acute.\n         Armentrout wrote to James P. Woods, president of the\n         Borderland Coal Company:","The organizers have just about put us out of business at\n            both plants . . . We have a good many men who have not\n            joined the Union, but these agitators are intimidating them\n            and have them so scared they won't attempt to try to work.\n            I will have a conference with the West Virginia attorneys\n            today to see if I cannot get a temporary injunction, or\n            probably prosecution for these intimidators. \n             We have three Deputy Sheriffs in Kentucky and expect\n            two more in today. We have both plants pretty well policed\n            at night, but still some of the intimidators slip through\n            the mines and get to some of the men. . . \n             Now that the primary is over, we believe that\n            Unionism will die out. . . . In fact, no Union cards have\n            been issued and for the past two or three days they have\n            not been able to locate the man who has been giving them\n            orders on the stores. Some of them (the fired Union Men)\n            have already remarked that they could not support their\n            families on $7.00 to $8.00 a week, and they hated to go to\n            bed at night when their children were crying for something\n            to eat.","Unionism, however, did not die out. Union \"agitators\" saw\n         to that no coal could be mined at the Borderland Company's\n         coal fields. In a letter to Stone dated July 6, 1920,\n         Armentrout stated that he was able to get \"very little action\n         from the Governor of West Virginia. . .I just finished talking\n         to Governor Morrow's office in Frankfort, Kentucky, and the\n         home guards will likely entrain today. They will likely have\n         machine guns so if that they get in according to promise, we\n         think that conditions will improve very rapidly.\"","The Borderland Coal Company kept its promise and\n         dispossessed hundreds of its employees. Fired from their jobs\n         and ousted from their homes, they were forced to live in\n         tents. In a union pamphlet entitled \"Borderland and Bullets\"\n         these men told of the horrible indignities forced on company\n         employees who joined the union. The purpose of the pamphlet\n         was to oppose the re-election of Colonel James P. Woods,\n         president of the Borderland Coal Company, to the U. S. House\n         of Representatives. Woods ran for re-election in the sixth\n         Virginia district claiming that he had been always fair to the\n         working man, and he won.","The situation at Borderland soon deteriorated into\n         violence. A pamphlet dated \"winter, 1920\" and entitled \n          Hell with the Lid Off in Mingo\n         County, West Virginia, gives an account of drunken\n         company guards wounding a number of workers by firing into\n         their tents. On May 12, 1920, Edward Stone, chairman of the\n         board of the Borderland Coal Company, had examined an\n         advertisement for the Thompson sub-machine gun but had decided\n         that \"the gun is not sufficient for our needs at the mine.\" On\n         May 16 Governor John J. Cornwell of West Virginia sent a\n         telegram to the War Department in Washington requesting that\n         Federal troops be sent to the Tug River District, where\n         Borderland Coal Company was located. There had been fighting\n         in the Tug River District for nearly four days. Secretary of\n         War John Weeks, basing his decision on reports from one of his\n         staff officers who had visited the area, decided that federal\n         troops were not needed. Four days later Governor Cornwell\n         declared martial law in West Virginia. Militiamen from both\n         Kentucky and West Virginia were involved in the fighting.","In the summer of 1921 the U. M. W. began its famous \"summer\n         march\" which precipitated guerilla warfare between the\n         pro-union and anti-union forces. On June 29, Governor Cornwell\n         ordered the citizens of West Virginia to take up arms and\n         defend themselves against the pro-unionists. The papers of the\n         Borderland Coal Company include lists of casualties written on\n         scrap paper, such as \"Stone Mountain, 5 Baldwin men and 4\n         citizens killed (one the mayor), 2 Feltz Bros. killed, 2\n         military companies there, 2 on the way.\" In April 1922 the\n         coal miners' grievances came to a head and they struck. They\n         demanded a continuation of the system of bargaining and\n         contract, including the \"checkoff,\" which is a list devised to\n         check on payment of union dues. In addition to demanding\n         stable wage rates, the miners demanded a six-hour day and a\n         five-day week. These increased hours would mean steady\n         employment, one of the miners' main goals.","The strike apparently took some pressure off the Borderland\n         Coal Company because after 1922 there is little or nothing in\n         the collection regarding unionization. Company officials had\n         managed to avoid unionization of their mines but had caused\n         the company much damage in the process. Bitter feelings\n         prevailed after the strike. A letter from L. E. Armentrout to\n         the Borderland Coal Company dated 1923 states:","Gentlemen, \n             My attention has just been called to the enclosed\n            blotter bearing the union label. It has been the policy of\n            this company for several years, in fact, ever since we have\n            been in business, not to recognize any Union whatever. We\n            spent, or lost, something like $300,000.00 fighting the\n            United Mine Workers here in 1920 and 1921, and also have\n            some injunctions against them. \n             For your information, please do not place any more\n            printing with any Union shop, and if you have any more of\n            these blotters, tear them up or dispose of them otherwise\n            as it is inconsistent with our policy, and we positively\n            will not stand for it.","While much of the collection regards labor struggles, there\n         is little material regarding immigrant labor although 40% of\n         the workers were immigrants. West Virginia was a sparsely\n         populated state at this time, and immigrants were needed to\n         supplement the labor in their mines. The first constitution of\n         the state provided for the appointment of an immigration\n         officer whose duties were to advertise the attractions of West\n         Virginia throughout Europe and make arrangements with\n         industries to supply transportation for foreign workmen. Of\n         the 80,877 workers employed in the West Virginia coal mines in\n         1915, 49,753 were American-born (37,918 white and 11,835\n         black) and 31,124 were foreign-born. Italians made up the\n         largest percentage of the immigrant labor force, about one\n         third of all foreigners employed in the mines while Hungarians\n         comprised the second-most prevalent nationality, approximately\n         one-sixth of the foreign born total.","The Borderland Coal Company never fully recovered from the\n         trouble that paralyzed its mines in 1920. The 1920's were a\n         very depressed period for the mining industry in general and\n         the depression of 1929 brought prices to an all time low. Coal\n         production fell precipitously from 1927-1933 although there\n         seemed to be a slight upturn that year. In 1927, L. E.\n         Armentrout resigned from the company and a year later the\n         Borderland Coal Sales Company was dissolved due to lack of\n         business. The Norfolk and Chesapeake Coal Company became\n         exclusive agents for the sale of Borderland coal. At a meeting\n         of the Borderland Coal Company's board of directors in 1929,\n         it was stated that since the market for coal was so poor, it\n         hardly paid to keep the mines going. The Borderland Coal\n         Company mines were only worked four days during the entire\n         month of May 1932. In a letter from Edward L. Stone to a\n         Borderland Coal Company creditor, Stone wrote that as the\n         Borderland Coal Company did not have the money to pay its\n         debts, all creditors would have to wait for their money, and\n         that he hoped that he could avoid declaring the Borderland\n         Coal Company bankrupt. In 1934 Stone received a letter from a\n         stockholder consoling him for having to \"lose Borderland\n         Coal.\" Apparently the company was then out of business.","The demise of the Borderland Coal Company was the result of\n         broad national trends; the product of their mines was of high\n         quality, and in good supply. The problem of labor and\n         unionization paralyzed the Borderland Coal Company. Lack of\n         production in the mines meant that the Borderland Coal Company\n         could not pay dividends which affected their stockholders. The\n         bad mining conditions, a lack of demand for coal and low\n         market prices made it impossible for the Borderland Coal\n         Company to recover. The return of the coal-rich region of\n         Alsace-Lorraine to France meant that our allies no longer\n         needed American coal. Domestic demand increased, but it did\n         not compensate for decreased industrial use. The switch to\n         alternative forms of energy such as oil, also damaged the coal\n         industry. Although prosperity returned to the rest of the\n         country, the coal industry never totally recovered, and the\n         Borderland Coal Company was one of the victims.","Officers of the Borderland Coal Company: Edward Lee Stone\n         --President ca. 1907-1919, Chairman of the Board 1919-ca.\n         1934; James P. Woods (attorney at law --U. S. Representative,\n         6th Virginia District) --Vice President ca. 1905-1922,\n         President 1922-1932; L. E. Armentrout --Manager ca. 1905-1915,\n         Vice President and Manager ca. 1915-1927; Ernest B. Fishburn\n         --Secretary-Treasurer ca. 1905-1930","Officers of the Borderland Coal Sales Company: L. E.\n         Armentrout --President; Edward Lee Stone --Vice President;\n         James P. Woods --second Vice President; R. N. Osborne,\n         Jr.--Secretary (discharged in 1924); W. W.\n         Austin--Secretary.","A History of the Stone Printing and\n         Manufacturing Company The Stone Printing and Manufacturing Company of Roanoke,\n         Virginia, was established in 1883 as the Bell Printing and\n         Manufacturing Company. John P. Bell of Lynchburg served as\n         president, and Samuel J. Fields of Abington, Virginia, served\n         as manager. Edward L. Stone, the eventual chairman of the\n         board, was then employed as a journeyman printer and pressman.\n         In 1885, Stone succeeded Fields as the company's manager, and\n         his brother, Albert A. Stone, joined the business.","At this time the company occupied a small site on Commerce\n         Street in Roanoke, an area about twenty by twenty-five feet.\n         In 1889 the plant was seriously damaged by fire, and within a\n         few months, the company moved to larger quarters on the second\n         and third floors of the Gale Building on Jefferson Street.\n         Shortly thereafter, the controlling interest was purchased by\n         Edward L. Stone, with the remainder of the stock being\n         purchased by J. B. Fishburn and Albert A. Stone.","In 1892, the name of the company was changed to the Stone\n         Printing and Manufacturing Company, and the company occupied a\n         new, three-story building at 116 North Jefferson Street. In\n         1896, a duplicate building was added on the north side; in a\n         few years another addition was placed at the rear. The company\n         built another addition in 1902 but five years later the old\n         structure was torn down and a new two-stories building, 210 x\n         110 feet, was completed. The new structure gave the Stone\n         Printing Company 50,000 square feet of space, which is about\n         100 times the floor space originally occupied on Commerce\n         Street. The company today occupies the same site on Jefferson\n         Street.","In 1883 the capital stock of the company was $5,000.00, and\n         in 1900, it was increased to $50,000.00. In 1910 the capital\n         stock had grown to $350,000.00. All of the stock increases\n         were taken, with one exception, by the original stockholders.\n         Sales grew from $84,371.00 in 1900 to $179,433.78 in 1905, and\n         from $253,781.15 in 1909 to a high of $608,174.36 in 1920.","Stone had considered selling his printing company to a\n         British syndicate in 1912. He felt, however, that business was\n         good and getting better and eventually decided to retain\n         control. By 1920 the Stone Printing Company had customers in\n         half the states in the union and in some foreign countries.\n         Between 1920 and 1929, however, sales showed a steady decline.\n         In 1929 they fell to $399,701.43 and declined throughout the\n         depression.","The Stone Printing Company's most important business came\n         from railroads as the company printed tariff and rate\n         schedules as well as tickets. Since the railroad rates changed\n         rapidly during the early 1900's, railroad printing was very\n         lucrative. The principal railroad customer and in fact, the\n         largest customer, of the Stone Printing Company was the\n         Norfolk and Western Railroad. In 1910 the Norfolk and Western\n         Railroad accounted for $85,652.60 in sales. Combined with the\n         sales to other railroads in 1910, the total of railroad sales\n         was approximately $193,000.00 of a total of $339,678.92 --well\n         over half of the total sales of the Stone Printing\n         Company.","Commercial printing comprised the second largest source of\n         the Stone Printing Company's business, accounting for\n         $135,110.32 of a total $608,174.36 in 1920. The fourth largest\n         amount of business, after the Norfolk and Western Railway,\n         other railroads, and commercial printing, was school and\n         college printing. The Stone Printing Company printed the\n         yearbooks for the University of Virginia, the Georgia\n         Institute of Technology, the University of Mississippi,\n         Randolph-Macon College, Hollins College, Virginia Polytechnic\n         Institute, and others.","The profit margin in printing often was small, and thus\n         costs had to be carefully controlled. Edward L. Stone was a\n         commissioner of the American Printers Cost Commission which\n         kept a close watch on printing costs and tried to keep them\n         down. Another serious problem that bothered Stone Printing\n         Company was unionization. As most Roanoke printing shops,\n         Stone Printing Company was an open shop where either union or\n         non-union people could be employed. The company's officers did\n         not penalize or prevent workers from joining the union. The\n         International Typographical Union, however, put pressure on\n         Edward Stone to turn his establishment into a closed shop,\n         that is, a shop that would hire only union members, pay union\n         wages, and abide by union rules. Paying union wages did not\n         trouble Stone because he already paid more than the union\n         scale in most cases. For example, in 1905 when the union scale\n         was $13.50 per week, Stone pointed out that while two of his\n         employees received less and one received the union wage, over\n         forty workers received between $15.00 and $25.00 per week.\n         Stone felt it folly to pay all workers the same because, he\n         said, \"some are so much better than others.\"","Edward Stone's paternalistic attitude toward his employees\n         is reflected in a collection of letters exchanged with his\n         workers. Forced to fire an employee who lied about being able\n         to work on a printing press, Stone lent him the money to go to\n         printing school, and re-hired him when he had learned the\n         trade. Another worker left the company without notice, heading\n         home to Lexington, Virginia. When the employee needed money to\n         return to Roanoke, Stone lent it to him with the understanding\n         that the employee would never again leave without asking\n         Stone's permission. Another employee left Stone without notice\n         to work for another printing firm, but when the employee\n         wanted his old job back, Stone gave it to him. Stone\n         frequently lent money to his employees, and did not press them\n         for repayment.","Many of the union's rules, however bothered Stone. Among\n         the ones he objected to were (1) in all cases when it became\n         necessary to reduce the working force of an office, the last\n         person hired should be the first dropped; (2) in machine\n         composition, all work must be time work and no piece work\n         should be allowed; (3) no member of the International\n         Typographical Union should engage in a speed contest either by\n         hand composition or on machines, and violation of this rule\n         was to be punished by a fine of not less than $25.00, or by\n         suspension; (4) an eight hour day (Stone Printing had a 9 to\n         9-1/2 hour day); and (5) no one holding active membership in a\n         local union should sign any individual or private contract\n         with any employer, agreeing to work for any stated time,\n         length, or conditions as the union alone was to have the power\n         to contract for conditions, wages, and hours. This fifth\n         stipulation bothered Stone the most for he firmly believed\n         that an employee should perform whatever duty Stone demanded\n         of him.","On November 20, 1907, there was a union strike in Roanoke.\n         The union men employed by the Stone Printing Company walked\n         out, and the union formed a picket line in front of the Stone\n         Printing Company. Stone wrote to Joel Cuthin, Mayor of\n         Roanoke: \"We have never been opposed to the union, but we have\n         objected to having them run our business, unless they acquired\n         it by ownership.\" The union put pressure on the Stone Printing\n         Company. A memo to Edward Stone from Albert Stone dated 1915\n         told of some Stone Printing Company material being returned by\n         certain Roanoke merchants because they did not bear the union\n         label. The amount of material returned, however, was very\n         small. The union pressure placed on Stone was generally\n         peaceful and there was no violence or destruction. After the\n         unsuccessful strike, Stone took back all of his union men.","After 1920 the company's sales and profits declined. In\n         1927, Albert Stone, who had assumed the presidency of the\n         company, commissioned Ernst and Ernst, financial analysts, to\n         examine the operation of Stone Printing and make\n         recommendations for improving business. The analysts found\n         Stone Printing to be an innovative company which sought and\n         found new markets such as school and college printing and the\n         printing of calendars, and which had sound leadership. Ernst\n         and Ernst felt that it was a change in economic conditions,\n         not the company itself, that caused the company's problems.\n         Competition had changed and grown in intensity by 1920, making\n         the ability to sell most important. The analysts recommended\n         the creation of a sales department coupled with more\n         aggressive selling techniques.","Later, Albert Stone, Jr., Edward Stone's nephew, claimed\n         that it was the reluctance of the Stone Printing Company to\n         cut prices during the depression of 1919-1922 that caused the\n         company's problems. He claimed that by the time the company\n         did cut its prices, Stone Printing had lost many of its most\n         valued customers, and suggested a closer watch of costs\n         coupled with an expansion of the calendar line. Although these\n         suggestions were followed, business did not improve.","When the Great Depression hit in 1929, business worsened.\n         Loyal customers and a solid financial base kept the Stone\n         Printing Company from bankruptcy. Edward Stone's health was\n         failing by 1929, and most of the company's affairs were passed\n         on to his brother Albert. In a letter from Edward Stone to the\n         board of directors in 1930, he wrote: \n          the years operations to date, with vastly improved\n            selling efforts, has only brought us the same volume of\n            business that we had last year but the increased\n            organization expense, incident to this extra selling\n            effort, and the extraordinary competition in the matter of\n            price, has prevented us from obtaining prices that we\n            should really obtain for our products. Edward Stone recommended a reduction in salaries\n         across the board from the president on down, and layoffs of\n         certain personnel.","When Franklin D. Roosevelt first initiated his New Deal\n         program in 1933, Edward Stone was apprehensive. In a letter\n         dated July 26, 1933, he wrote: \n          We would like the best in the world to go along with the\n            National Industrial Recovery Act, and be able to wire\n            President Roosevelt an affirmative reply in connection with\n            the agreement addressed \"To Every Employer.\" \n             But to do so, with my modest knowledge of economics,\n            would mean arbitrary action on our part, with a \"blind\n            faith\" that we do not possess. \n             If we still further reduce the working hours to 35\n            per week (as the New Deal suggested) the increased cost of\n            production reaches the geometric progression stage, with\n            the result that our losses on current contracts, which we\n            see no way of passing along to our customers until we would\n            actually see no way of meeting our payroll or meeting our\n            bills, would mean disaster. \n             Listening in over the radio last night I understand\n            that 5,000 or more telegrams had been received by the\n            President indicating unconditional acceptance of the\n            Agreement. It is quite possible that we should do likewise,\n            regardless, just as we offered ourselves, body and\n            resources, in wartime. \n             I am giving expression to these thoughts even though\n            I feel the \"patriotic\" thing for us to do may be to go\n            ahead, \"blindly,\" and in spite of our objections or reasons\n            for not doing so, and sign the agreement. \n             Very Sincerely, \n             Edward L. Stone \n             Chairman of the Board Clearly, Stone expected no miracles, but he went\n         along with the N.I.R.A. and generally supported Roosevelt.\n         There are references to increasing business by 1937.\n         Correspondence ends the following year with Edward Stone's\n         death. The Stone Printing Company, however, is in business to\n         this very day.","These papers fill 455 special four-inch Hollinger storage\n         boxes (ca. 150 linear feet) and span the years 1895-1937.\n         There are three major series: Edward L. Stone's papers re his\n         personal life and diversified business, professional, and\n         civic concerns; papers concerned with his principal business,\n         the Stone Printing and Manufacturing Company of Roanoke,\n         Virginia; and those papers concerned with the Borderland Coal\n         Company of West Virginia and Kentucky of which Stone was the\n         principal officer for many years. Because these series\n         basically are composed of Stone's personal papers, and because\n         there are interrelationships between material in one series\n         and that in another, the series have been maintained in the\n         boxes in the order in which they were found.","The papers are rich in material for many types of studies.\n         Because Stone's major concern was his printing business, there\n         is a great amount of material about that business, its labor\n         problems, economic problems, its professional associations,\n         relationships with its customers --especially the railroads\n         --and so on. Because Mr. Stone collected medieval manuscripts\n         and examples of fine printing that formed a great private\n         library, there is, in his personal papers, a good deal of\n         correspondence and material about this special interest. His\n         personal papers also contain considerable material about his\n         diversified business and civic interests. And the records of\n         the Borderland Coal Company--which Mr. Stone operated either\n         as president or as chairman of the board for twenty-seven\n         years--are rich in information concerning this vital industry,\n         its periods of economic success and decline, its relationships\n         with the railroads that moved its products, and its labor\n         problems.","All items listed below are blueprints.","All items listed below are blueprints.","All items listed below are blueprints.","See the \n             \n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["382"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Edward L. Stone/Borderland Coal Company Papers \n         \n         1895-1937"],"collection_title_tesim":["Edward L. Stone/Borderland Coal Company Papers \n         \n         1895-1937"],"collection_ssim":["Edward L. Stone/Borderland Coal Company Papers \n         \n         1895-1937"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Before his death in 1938, the University of Virginia\n            Library had been negotiating with Edward L. Stone for the\n            purchase of his library. Mr. Stone had donated a number of\n            fine books, and some manuscripts, to the University of\n            Virginia Library, and its staff knew the value of his fine\n            private library. The tentative purchase price settled upon\n            was low principally because Mr. Stone wished his library to\n            remain intact. Unfortunately, Mr. Stone died before\n            negotiations were complete, but the Library concluded the\n            sale with his heirs in August 1938. As a result of this\n            purchase, the Stone Printing and Manufacturing Company of\n            Roanoke presented to the Library the files of\n            correspondence and other papers both of Mr. Stone's\n            extensive business interests and of his personal affairs.\n            The collection consisted of 207 letter boxes and\n            twenty-five \"large packing cases\" when it arrived at the\n            Library on August 11, 1939."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["This collection\n         consists of approximately 500,000 items."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eStored off-site. Users must request boxes 48 hours in advance of desired use. Neither drop-in nor next-day requests can be fulfilled. For additional information, contact Special Collections. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Stored off-site. Users must request boxes 48 hours in advance of desired use. Neither drop-in nor next-day requests can be fulfilled. For additional information, contact Special Collections. \n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAfter arrival at the University, the collection was placed\n         in the stack areas of the then division of Rare Books and\n         Manuscripts of the Library, and was shelved in close proximity\n         to another large collection received only a year before, that\n         of the Low Moor Iron Company. The two comprised the largest\n         group of material in the division at the time, a group that,\n         unfortunately, was rarely used by researchers as there were no\n         finding aids to the mass, and interested researchers were\n         intimidated by the problems of research in the papers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collections remained in the stacks until 1958 when\n         expansion space in the division's storage area was reduced to\n         a minimum by the successful collecting program of the\n         intervening years. A review of the collections and their use\n         showed that the Stone collection and the Low Moor Iron Company\n         papers were rarely consulted, and it was decided to move them\n         out of the division's quarters to provide storage space for\n         collections that were being used by researchers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSpace was located in the attic of a student dormitory, and\n         the division prepared the papers for long-term storage by\n         removing them from the old letter boxes in which they had\n         arrived. Each bundle of papers was placed between sheets of\n         gray, newspaper-storage cardboard sheets; the spine titles of\n         the old letter boxes were copied onto the cardboard sheets,\n         and the bundle was wrapped in brown paper, tied up with\n         string, and numbered in a coded sequence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collections remained in the attic of Lefevre House\n         until the fall of 1976 when, after the receipt of a grant from\n         the National Endowment for the Humanities for the processing\n         of the two collections, they were transported to the Alderman\n         Library building once more In the Library's receiving room,\n         the bundles were cleaned in the dust hood, untied and\n         unwrapped, and the contents transferred into gray, Hollinger\n         storage boxes before transfer into the storage areas of the\n         Manuscripts Department for processing. The coded numbers on\n         the bundles were recorded but proved to be of no use in\n         restoring order to the papers, badly out of sequence from\n         their many moves over the years. Nor did the spine titles and\n         dates from the original letters boxes prove to be of any\n         particular use in organizing the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOnce processing work was completed at the end of the summer\n         of 1978, the Stone Papers were transferred back to the\n         dormitory attic as space in the Alderman Library building\n         remained short, and it was felt that adequate service on the\n         Stone Papers could be maintained from the attic now that a\n         guide to the papers had been prepared. (N.B. The Stone papers\n         were removed from the dormitory attic and transferred to the\n         University Library's high-density remote storage facility\n         following its opening in the mid-1990s.)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe word \"organization\" is used here with considerable\n         diffidence, for any researcher studying the lists of box\n         contents that follow will realize quickly that there is no\n         organization in the usual sense of the word.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAs previously noted, the Stone papers were subjected to a\n         number of moves before processing began, and, unfortunately,\n         there seems to have been little organization of the papers in\n         Mr. Stone's files in his Roanoke office. Presumably, he and\n         his staff could locate material that was needed from the\n         files, but at the time that processing began in the fall of\n         1976, no discernible scheme of organization could be\n         determined.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe first step was to review the series of coded numbers\n         placed on the bundles of papers before they were moved to the\n         dormitory attic, but these did not provide any sort of useful\n         organization. Next, the spine titles of the original letter\n         boxes were reviewed (they had been copied onto the gray\n         cardboard sheets before the move to the dormitory attic), but\n         they, too, proved useless.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese steps having provided no scheme, and after a\n         considerable hiatus due to a turnover in student processors on\n         the collection, the new student processors were instructed to\n         begin a box-by-box inventory of the contents of the\n         collection. During this inventory, old folders were replaced\n         with acid-free ones, and the original folder headings were\n         copied onto the new ones. Some removal of papers clips was\n         accomplished, and the materials were reviewed and notes were\n         taken for the guide.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe processors found that Mr. Stone's papers were comprised\n         of three series. One was devoted to his personal affairs, and\n         contained material about his diverse business interests\n         outside his two major ones, and about his civic and\n         professional interests, as well as papers from his private\n         life. The second series contained the papers from his major\n         business and \"first love\" the Stone Printing and Manufacturing\n         Company of Roanoke; and the third series included a wealth of\n         material about the Borderland Coal Company, an enterprise that\n         Mr. Stone served for twenty-seven years, first as president\n         and later, as chairman of the board.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor a long time, we considered separating the three series\n         of papers, and the processors evolved a good system of colored\n         slips clipped to the boxes to identify material from each\n         series contained in a box. However, as they neared the end of\n         their inventory, the processors became convinced, and argued\n         successfully that the series should not be separated.\n         Basically, all these papers are Mr. Stone's private papers as\n         he was the major stockholder in the Stone Printing Company and\n         it was very much a personal operation. There are\n         interrelationships between material that was found standing in\n         different folders in the same box, and the processors\n         correctly feared that drastic reorganization would destroy\n         those relationships. Thus, we decided to accept their\n         argument, and the box contents were allowed to remain as we\n         found them.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA certain amount of movement of boxes within the collection\n         probably would ease use of it. But what processing was\n         accomplished on this project took far longer than had been\n         anticipated, and there was no time in the late spring of 1978,\n         when the processors had to complete their work with the\n         project, to undertake a mass movement of material. Thus, they\n         stand in the order in which we found them at the beginning of\n         the project.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAs has been stated above, the three series of papers in\n         this collection (Stone Personal; Borderland Coal Co.; and\n         Stone Printing and Mfg. Co.) have not been physically\n         separated and are scattered throughout the collection.\n         However, in the container listing which follows the three\n         series have been separated. Therefore, the listing for the\n         Edward L. Stone Personal Papers series begins with Box 11 of\n         the collection because that is the first box in which Stone's\n         personal papers can be found. (Boxes 1-10 appear in the\n         listing for the Borderland Coal Co. series.) This also means\n         that if a box contains material from more than one series it\n         will have more than one entry in the listing, so that to find\n         a complete listing of a particular box a researcher might need\n         to look at the listing for each of the three series. In\n         addition, some of the box entries in the listing are slightly\n         out of order, so that if a box appears to have no entry or\n         only a partial entry, in a particular series the entry is\n         sometimes picked up on the next page of the listing.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eListings of oversize material are located at the end of the\n         listing for each series.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Organization"],"arrangement_tesim":["After arrival at the University, the collection was placed\n         in the stack areas of the then division of Rare Books and\n         Manuscripts of the Library, and was shelved in close proximity\n         to another large collection received only a year before, that\n         of the Low Moor Iron Company. The two comprised the largest\n         group of material in the division at the time, a group that,\n         unfortunately, was rarely used by researchers as there were no\n         finding aids to the mass, and interested researchers were\n         intimidated by the problems of research in the papers.","The collections remained in the stacks until 1958 when\n         expansion space in the division's storage area was reduced to\n         a minimum by the successful collecting program of the\n         intervening years. A review of the collections and their use\n         showed that the Stone collection and the Low Moor Iron Company\n         papers were rarely consulted, and it was decided to move them\n         out of the division's quarters to provide storage space for\n         collections that were being used by researchers.","Space was located in the attic of a student dormitory, and\n         the division prepared the papers for long-term storage by\n         removing them from the old letter boxes in which they had\n         arrived. Each bundle of papers was placed between sheets of\n         gray, newspaper-storage cardboard sheets; the spine titles of\n         the old letter boxes were copied onto the cardboard sheets,\n         and the bundle was wrapped in brown paper, tied up with\n         string, and numbered in a coded sequence.","The collections remained in the attic of Lefevre House\n         until the fall of 1976 when, after the receipt of a grant from\n         the National Endowment for the Humanities for the processing\n         of the two collections, they were transported to the Alderman\n         Library building once more In the Library's receiving room,\n         the bundles were cleaned in the dust hood, untied and\n         unwrapped, and the contents transferred into gray, Hollinger\n         storage boxes before transfer into the storage areas of the\n         Manuscripts Department for processing. The coded numbers on\n         the bundles were recorded but proved to be of no use in\n         restoring order to the papers, badly out of sequence from\n         their many moves over the years. Nor did the spine titles and\n         dates from the original letters boxes prove to be of any\n         particular use in organizing the collection.","Once processing work was completed at the end of the summer\n         of 1978, the Stone Papers were transferred back to the\n         dormitory attic as space in the Alderman Library building\n         remained short, and it was felt that adequate service on the\n         Stone Papers could be maintained from the attic now that a\n         guide to the papers had been prepared. (N.B. The Stone papers\n         were removed from the dormitory attic and transferred to the\n         University Library's high-density remote storage facility\n         following its opening in the mid-1990s.)","The word \"organization\" is used here with considerable\n         diffidence, for any researcher studying the lists of box\n         contents that follow will realize quickly that there is no\n         organization in the usual sense of the word.","As previously noted, the Stone papers were subjected to a\n         number of moves before processing began, and, unfortunately,\n         there seems to have been little organization of the papers in\n         Mr. Stone's files in his Roanoke office. Presumably, he and\n         his staff could locate material that was needed from the\n         files, but at the time that processing began in the fall of\n         1976, no discernible scheme of organization could be\n         determined.","The first step was to review the series of coded numbers\n         placed on the bundles of papers before they were moved to the\n         dormitory attic, but these did not provide any sort of useful\n         organization. Next, the spine titles of the original letter\n         boxes were reviewed (they had been copied onto the gray\n         cardboard sheets before the move to the dormitory attic), but\n         they, too, proved useless.","These steps having provided no scheme, and after a\n         considerable hiatus due to a turnover in student processors on\n         the collection, the new student processors were instructed to\n         begin a box-by-box inventory of the contents of the\n         collection. During this inventory, old folders were replaced\n         with acid-free ones, and the original folder headings were\n         copied onto the new ones. Some removal of papers clips was\n         accomplished, and the materials were reviewed and notes were\n         taken for the guide.","The processors found that Mr. Stone's papers were comprised\n         of three series. One was devoted to his personal affairs, and\n         contained material about his diverse business interests\n         outside his two major ones, and about his civic and\n         professional interests, as well as papers from his private\n         life. The second series contained the papers from his major\n         business and \"first love\" the Stone Printing and Manufacturing\n         Company of Roanoke; and the third series included a wealth of\n         material about the Borderland Coal Company, an enterprise that\n         Mr. Stone served for twenty-seven years, first as president\n         and later, as chairman of the board.","For a long time, we considered separating the three series\n         of papers, and the processors evolved a good system of colored\n         slips clipped to the boxes to identify material from each\n         series contained in a box. However, as they neared the end of\n         their inventory, the processors became convinced, and argued\n         successfully that the series should not be separated.\n         Basically, all these papers are Mr. Stone's private papers as\n         he was the major stockholder in the Stone Printing Company and\n         it was very much a personal operation. There are\n         interrelationships between material that was found standing in\n         different folders in the same box, and the processors\n         correctly feared that drastic reorganization would destroy\n         those relationships. Thus, we decided to accept their\n         argument, and the box contents were allowed to remain as we\n         found them.","A certain amount of movement of boxes within the collection\n         probably would ease use of it. But what processing was\n         accomplished on this project took far longer than had been\n         anticipated, and there was no time in the late spring of 1978,\n         when the processors had to complete their work with the\n         project, to undertake a mass movement of material. Thus, they\n         stand in the order in which we found them at the beginning of\n         the project.","As has been stated above, the three series of papers in\n         this collection (Stone Personal; Borderland Coal Co.; and\n         Stone Printing and Mfg. Co.) have not been physically\n         separated and are scattered throughout the collection.\n         However, in the container listing which follows the three\n         series have been separated. Therefore, the listing for the\n         Edward L. Stone Personal Papers series begins with Box 11 of\n         the collection because that is the first box in which Stone's\n         personal papers can be found. (Boxes 1-10 appear in the\n         listing for the Borderland Coal Co. series.) This also means\n         that if a box contains material from more than one series it\n         will have more than one entry in the listing, so that to find\n         a complete listing of a particular box a researcher might need\n         to look at the listing for each of the three series. In\n         addition, some of the box entries in the listing are slightly\n         out of order, so that if a box appears to have no entry or\n         only a partial entry, in a particular series the entry is\n         sometimes picked up on the next page of the listing.","Listings of oversize material are located at the end of the\n         listing for each series."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eBiography of Edward L. Stone\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eEdward Lee Stone was born on September 15, 1864, in\n         Liberty (now Bedford) Virginia, the son of John Harmon Stone\n         and Mary Witt Stone. He was reared in very modest\n         circumstances, and received no more than an elementary school\n         education, yet he became one of the wealthiest and most\n         prominent citizens in the state of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEdward Stone's career in the printing business is typical\n         of the fabled American dream. At ten years of age, having\n         recently lost his father, Stone was in the boys' playground of\n         his school. J. R. Guy, the editor of the Bedford Sentinel\n         newspaper, came to the playground looking for William Fellers,\n         Stone's cousin. When Stone asked Mr. Guy what he wanted with\n         William, Guy replied \"I want him to carry the papers. Stone\n         said, \"I'll carry 'em' for you.\" After being a delivery boy\n         for the Sentinel, Stone learned to set type and worked\n         evenings after school for five cents an evening; twenty-five\n         cents on Saturday. Less than a year later, economics\n         necessitated that he quit school to pursue his job full time.\n         Stone learned his lessons well, and showed enthusiasm in every\n         phase of his work. Young Stone worked alongside a window, and\n         enjoyed nothing better than to jump out into the street and\n         scrap with some passing youngster, returning to his duties\n         after the fun was over.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStone was given more and more duties which he performed to\n         this employer's total satisfaction. At the age of sixteen, for\n         some now-inexplicable reason, Stone left the newspaper\n         business to work for a mercantile establishment, He soon grew\n         bored, however, and returned to printer's ink. This time he\n         worked for the Democrat, a weekly newspaper in Buchanan,\n         Virginia, then a thriving town at the intersection of the\n         James River and the Kanawha Canal.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOnce, at the age of sixteen, Stone was entrusted with\n         getting out an entire edition of the paper by himself. The\n         editor was in court and many workmen were out sick. Stone and\n         an assistant set type at breakneck speed beginning at 7:15\n         A.M. and had the entire seven-column paper completed by noon\n         --an amazing feat. Stone was out playing ball by 2 P.M. and\n         earned a $5.00 bonus from his boss, editor William J. Boyd. In\n         1882, Boyd informed Stone that he was going to open a printing\n         office in Roanoke, Virginia, then a small town. Boyd wanted\n         Stone to be manager, and on July 20th, 1882, both men arrived\n         in Roanoke. A place could not be found for the new enterprise\n         however, and both returned to Buchanan. Stone became\n         disillusioned with the small scope of opportunities Buchanan\n         provided, and, with an ambition to \"become somebody\" in the\n         printing business, set out for Lynchburg. Landing in Lynchburg\n         in January 1883 he applied for work on the News and, after a\n         few days, secured a position as compositor. Here he remained\n         until March, achieving considerable reputation as a fast\n         compositor, yet not satisfied. Stone really longed for a\n         position in the printing business. John P. Bell offered Stone\n         a minor position in a branch office he had planned to open in\n         Roanoke. The position was, in most respects, inferior to the\n         one he had already held, but Stone gladly took it. He worked\n         hard, and showed superior business ability which impressed Mr.\n         Bell so much that when the manager of the business died in\n         1885 his position was offered to Stone. The position was not\n         offered without some misgivings because of Stone's youth (he\n         was only twenty-one) and his lack of business experience.\n         Stone, however, did such a good job as manager that Bell\n         realized that he had made the right choice. Stone eventually\n         gained control of the business and became president of the\n         company.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHis position was secure enough that in 1890, he married\n         Miss Minnie Fishburn, daughter of J. A. Fishburn, a prominent\n         business man of Roanoke. The couple had one child, Mary\n         Katherine Stone.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEdward Stone's printing business grew in size and wealth.\n         By 1920 it was acknowledged by many to be the best-equipped\n         printing corporation in the south, and one of the largest as\n         well. He had many other business interests. He was president\n         of the Borderland Coal Corporation, president of the Virginia\n         Bridge and Iron Company, vice president and later president of\n         the Walker Foundry and Machine Company, chairman of the First\n         National Exchange Bank, and president of his primary business\n         and \"first love,\" the Stone Printing and Manufacturing\n         Company.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn March 1896 Stone was presented with a petition signed by\n         fourteen Roanoke business men requesting that he run for\n         mayor. Stone was very tempted, but a law stating that no one\n         in Roanoke public office would be permitted to do business\n         with the city stopped him. Stone felt that not being able to\n         do business with the city would be unfair to his stockholders.\n         Stone, a civic-minded individual, was chairman of the Roanoke\n         Community Fund in 1924, and of the City Planning and Zoning\n         Commission. He was also chairman of the war bond committee\n         during the First World War, and belonged to many societies and\n         organizations, including the American Institute of Graphic\n         Arts, the Florida State Historical Society, the Shenandoah\n         Club of Roanoke, the Country Club of Roanoke, the Roanoke Gun\n         Club, the Roanoke German Club, the Virginia Historical Society\n         (life member), the Better Printing Committee of the United\n         Typothetae of America, the Roanoke Rotary Club, the\n         International Benjamin Franklin Society of New York, and the\n         board of trustees of the Committee to Assist the Blind.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEdward Stone was also an extremely charitable man. He gave\n         large sums of money to the Roanoke Hospital and the Roanoke\n         Relief Fund, helped endow Roanoke College, gave heavily to the\n         Boy Scouts and the War Relief Clearing House, and donated\n         money to the Coal Miner's Relief Fund--even though it was\n         those very coal miners who were striking in Stone's coal\n         mines. He believed, however, that the miners' children should\n         not have to suffer for their parents' stand. The Stones also\n         gave money to support French children who had been left\n         fatherless as a result of the war. Stone, a Presbyterian,\n         donated $100.00 to the Jewish Relief Fund in 1917 to aid the\n         starving Jews in Russia displaced by the war, and also sent\n         funds to the Tuskeegee Institute.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEdward Stone's principal hobby was book collecting, and his\n         library was appraised at $50,000.00 in 1939. Among his\n         treasured pieces was a page from the original Gutenberg Bible.\n         Stone's library was considered to be the largest and\n         best-equipped privately-owned library in the state of\n         Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStone's income fluctuated through the years. In 1917 and\n         1918, partly through stock sales, Stone declared an income of\n         $129,383.39 and $91,483.00 respectively, but 1926 was\n         considered an average year, and he declared an income of\n         $57,500.00.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlthough Stone was a humanitarian and philanthropist, he\n         believed in keeping total control of his business and watched\n         his employees closely. He did not strongly oppose unionization\n         in his printing shop, but fully opposed unionization in his\n         coal mines, even using scabs to break strikes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStone suffered financial reversals during the Great\n         Depression but he reorganized his holdings to prevent a great\n         loss, and he weathered the Depression better than most\n         businessmen. His health had begun to fail by 1929, and by 1934\n         he was virtually bedridden. Finally, after a protracted\n         illness, Edward L. Stone died on June 3, 1938, at the age of\n         seventy-four.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eA History of the Borderland Coal\n         Company\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThe Borderland Coal Company derived its name from its\n         dual location in Mingo County, West Virginia, and Pike County,\n         Kentucky, an area bordered by the Tug Fork of the Big Sandy\n         River. The mines proper were located in Kentucky, and the coal\n         washers and other processing equipment were located in West\n         Virginia. The company operated from 1903 to 1934. While the\n         Borderland Coal Company was incorporated in 1903, the first\n         batch of coal was not shipped until September 1, 1904. In that\n         year J. S. Tipton, formerly the majority stockholder, resigned\n         his post as general manager of Borderland Coal and sold most\n         of his stock to Edward L. Stone. At that time Stone was\n         president of the Young Men's Investment Club which owned a\n         large number of shares in the Borderland Coal Company, and\n         thus, Stone controlled the club's activities.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Borderland Coal Company initially owned approximately\n         1,000 acres of coal land. The company mined bituminous or soft\n         coal, and sold slack coal, used by railroads and industrial\n         concerns, egg coal, used in private furnaces, and nut coal,\n         the highest quality of bituminous coal, used in the kitchens\n         of private homes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Borderland Coal Company grew through the early 1900's.\n         In 1905, a second plant was opened called simply \"Operation\n         #2.\" The company declared its first stock dividend in November\n         1907, and began the construction of an electric plant,\n         cableway, conveyor, and tipple at a cost of $27,950.00. In\n         1908 a new coal washer was installed. By late 1914 the\n         Borderland Company held 3,000 acres of coal lands containing\n         an estimated 20,000,000 tons of coal. The profits of the\n         Borderland Coal Company increased from $1,250.00 in 1904 to\n         $11,243.77 in 1905, to $49,977.21 in 1908, and to $110,532.68\n         in 1910.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe amount of coal mined increased from 246 railroad\n         carloads in 1904 to 3,781 railroad carloads in 1910, and\n         expansion continued until the outbreak of World War I. The\n         coal paid a regular annual dividend averaging 15-30%. Prior to\n         1911, the Leckie Coal Company of Cleveland, Ohio, was the\n         exclusive agency for the sale of Borderland Coal. In that\n         year, however, the Borderland Coal Sales Company was formed,\n         with officers of the Borderland Coal Company doubling as\n         officials of the new company.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe town of Borderland, West Virginia, was a company town,\n         with company-owned homes, stores, school, and a church. The\n         rents in the company homes appear to have been within the\n         miners' incomes. The prices in the company stores, however,\n         were exorbitant. In fact, profits for the company store were\n         the second biggest money maker for the company in 1911,\n         totaling $11,811.78. The largest profit maker was coal, which\n         netted $91,741.07, while the sale of powder was ranked third,\n         totaling $3,165.86.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWorld War I created a great demand and a high prices for\n         coal, and the Borderland Coal Company prospered despite\n         difficulty finding railroad cars to transport its produce. In\n         1917, the company paid a record 60% dividend. On January 1,\n         1918, the company re-chartered itself in Virginia, and\n         patented the trademark and the name of the Borderland Coal\n         Company. The new capital stock was valued at nearly\n         $800,000.00. In November 1918 construction began on a new\n         tipple at a cost of $116,000.00. After the First World War,\n         the Borderland Coal Company experienced a decrease in both the\n         demand and the price of coal. The problem of labor and\n         unionization, however, ultimately caused the company's\n         demise.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBorderland Coal Company officials had been concerned over\n         the growth of coal mine unionization long before any major\n         trouble began. As early as 1915, L. E. Armentrout, the\n         corporation's Vice President and General Manager began using\n         \"secret service men\" to infiltrate the ranks of the miners and\n         report on any union activity. It is not known whether these\n         agents were U.S. government agents or private investigators,\n         but the latter is presumed. One of them reported on March 10,\n         1915:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cblockquote\u003e\n        \u003cp\u003eI spent the entire day Monday with Emmett and Ed McKee,\n            Gus Cantrell, and Henry McKnight, all white Americans. We\n            played cards in an empty house on the Kentucky side. We had\n            a nice fire and everything was very comfortable. We would\n            play cards until we got tired, then we would stop\n            everything and talk unionism. Gus Cantrell said that he had\n            been talking to the boys for the last year, trying to get\n            them to organize a local of the U.M.W. of A. He said that\n            there was plenty of good, solid union men and that there\n            were also a lot of rotten scabs here. That he got into a\n            conversation with George McCormick, a white man, and\n            McCormick told him that he didn't believe in the union and\n            that he didn't want anything to do with the U.M.W. of A. .\n            . . I told Cantrell that I would be willing to help\n            organize the local. He said, \"Well, the work is picking up\n            now and we will wait until the boys get a good pay day,\n            then we will put this thing through.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n      \u003c/blockquote\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBorderland Coal Company successfully resisted unionization\n         in the years before World War I. Wartime regulations prevented\n         strikes and hindered unionization, but after the war many\n         miners felt that it was time to air their grievances. Miners\n         disagreed over specific demands, but most felt that grave\n         inequalities existed in the rates for day workers established\n         by the Bituminous Coal Commission. The miners requested that a\n         conference be held but this request was turned down by the\n         Commission. Dissatisfaction became more pronounced, and during\n         the middle of July 1920 the miners in some of the subdistricts\n         walked out in an unauthorized strike. Shutdowns spread to\n         Indiana and Illinois. President Woodrow Wilson intervened and\n         told the miners that if they returned to work a grievance\n         committee would be formed. The miners returned to work August\n         10, 1920, and the committee was set up. Management and labor\n         agreed on a wage increase and all was quiet for a while.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWest Virginia was in a unique position in that most of the\n         mines in that state were non-union. The Interstate Commerce\n         Commission fixed freight rates with a \"differential\" low\n         enough that West Virginia coal would not be eliminated by\n         production from other fields closer to their market. When the\n         market for coal was good, the differential also allowed the\n         union coal fields of Indiana, Michigan, and Illinois to pay\n         the union scale of wages and still sell their coal in\n         competition with the product of non-union fields, such as\n         those in West Virginia. When the demand for coal was low and\n         prices receded, however, the differential no longer aided the\n         union fields and they began to experience an adverse effect.\n         These conditions appeared after the First World War, and as a\n         result operators of unionized mines demanded the unionization\n         of the Wast Virginia coal fields. Thus the U.M.W. put pressure\n         on all non-union fields, including those of the Borderland\n         Coal Company. Borderland Coal Company had been fairly quiet\n         about unionization up to this time. On May 5, 1920, however,\n         L. E. Armentrout had issued the following notice:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cblockquote\u003e\n        \u003cp\u003eTO THE PRESENT OR FUTURE EMPLOYEES OF THE BORDERLAND\n            COAL COMPANY \n            \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eConsiderable efforts are being made to organize this\n            field and certain advantages are being held out to some men\n            showing the advisability of belonging to the Union. \n            \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThis is a free country and this company is not going\n            to dictate to its employees whether they shall or shall not\n            join the Union, but for your information and for the\n            information of your friends, we wish to state positively\n            that no Union man will be employed by this company, and if\n            you find that it is to your interest to join the Union, we\n            would suggest that you arrange to move out and call at the\n            office and we will be glad to settle with you. This will\n            save you as well as the company further trouble, but we\n            sincerely hope that the pleasant relations between the\n            Company and the men will continue, and that each and every\n            one of you will continue in our employ. \n            \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eYours very truly, \n            \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eL. E. Armentrout, \n            \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eManager \n            \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n      \u003c/blockquote\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy late May, 1920 the situation had become acute.\n         Armentrout wrote to James P. Woods, president of the\n         Borderland Coal Company:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cblockquote\u003e\n        \u003cp\u003eThe organizers have just about put us out of business at\n            both plants . . . We have a good many men who have not\n            joined the Union, but these agitators are intimidating them\n            and have them so scared they won't attempt to try to work.\n            I will have a conference with the West Virginia attorneys\n            today to see if I cannot get a temporary injunction, or\n            probably prosecution for these intimidators. \n            \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eWe have three Deputy Sheriffs in Kentucky and expect\n            two more in today. We have both plants pretty well policed\n            at night, but still some of the intimidators slip through\n            the mines and get to some of the men. . . \n            \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eNow that the primary is over, we believe that\n            Unionism will die out. . . . In fact, no Union cards have\n            been issued and for the past two or three days they have\n            not been able to locate the man who has been giving them\n            orders on the stores. Some of them (the fired Union Men)\n            have already remarked that they could not support their\n            families on $7.00 to $8.00 a week, and they hated to go to\n            bed at night when their children were crying for something\n            to eat.\u003c/p\u003e\n      \u003c/blockquote\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUnionism, however, did not die out. Union \"agitators\" saw\n         to that no coal could be mined at the Borderland Company's\n         coal fields. In a letter to Stone dated July 6, 1920,\n         Armentrout stated that he was able to get \"very little action\n         from the Governor of West Virginia. . .I just finished talking\n         to Governor Morrow's office in Frankfort, Kentucky, and the\n         home guards will likely entrain today. They will likely have\n         machine guns so if that they get in according to promise, we\n         think that conditions will improve very rapidly.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Borderland Coal Company kept its promise and\n         dispossessed hundreds of its employees. Fired from their jobs\n         and ousted from their homes, they were forced to live in\n         tents. In a union pamphlet entitled \"Borderland and Bullets\"\n         these men told of the horrible indignities forced on company\n         employees who joined the union. The purpose of the pamphlet\n         was to oppose the re-election of Colonel James P. Woods,\n         president of the Borderland Coal Company, to the U. S. House\n         of Representatives. Woods ran for re-election in the sixth\n         Virginia district claiming that he had been always fair to the\n         working man, and he won.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe situation at Borderland soon deteriorated into\n         violence. A pamphlet dated \"winter, 1920\" and entitled \n         \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"doublequote\" href=\"\"\u003eHell with the Lid Off in Mingo\n         County, West Virginia,\u003c/title\u003egives an account of drunken\n         company guards wounding a number of workers by firing into\n         their tents. On May 12, 1920, Edward Stone, chairman of the\n         board of the Borderland Coal Company, had examined an\n         advertisement for the Thompson sub-machine gun but had decided\n         that \"the gun is not sufficient for our needs at the mine.\" On\n         May 16 Governor John J. Cornwell of West Virginia sent a\n         telegram to the War Department in Washington requesting that\n         Federal troops be sent to the Tug River District, where\n         Borderland Coal Company was located. There had been fighting\n         in the Tug River District for nearly four days. Secretary of\n         War John Weeks, basing his decision on reports from one of his\n         staff officers who had visited the area, decided that federal\n         troops were not needed. Four days later Governor Cornwell\n         declared martial law in West Virginia. Militiamen from both\n         Kentucky and West Virginia were involved in the fighting.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the summer of 1921 the U. M. W. began its famous \"summer\n         march\" which precipitated guerilla warfare between the\n         pro-union and anti-union forces. On June 29, Governor Cornwell\n         ordered the citizens of West Virginia to take up arms and\n         defend themselves against the pro-unionists. The papers of the\n         Borderland Coal Company include lists of casualties written on\n         scrap paper, such as \"Stone Mountain, 5 Baldwin men and 4\n         citizens killed (one the mayor), 2 Feltz Bros. killed, 2\n         military companies there, 2 on the way.\" In April 1922 the\n         coal miners' grievances came to a head and they struck. They\n         demanded a continuation of the system of bargaining and\n         contract, including the \"checkoff,\" which is a list devised to\n         check on payment of union dues. In addition to demanding\n         stable wage rates, the miners demanded a six-hour day and a\n         five-day week. These increased hours would mean steady\n         employment, one of the miners' main goals.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe strike apparently took some pressure off the Borderland\n         Coal Company because after 1922 there is little or nothing in\n         the collection regarding unionization. Company officials had\n         managed to avoid unionization of their mines but had caused\n         the company much damage in the process. Bitter feelings\n         prevailed after the strike. A letter from L. E. Armentrout to\n         the Borderland Coal Company dated 1923 states:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cblockquote\u003e\n        \u003cp\u003eGentlemen, \n            \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eMy attention has just been called to the enclosed\n            blotter bearing the union label. It has been the policy of\n            this company for several years, in fact, ever since we have\n            been in business, not to recognize any Union whatever. We\n            spent, or lost, something like $300,000.00 fighting the\n            United Mine Workers here in 1920 and 1921, and also have\n            some injunctions against them. \n            \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eFor your information, please do not place any more\n            printing with any Union shop, and if you have any more of\n            these blotters, tear them up or dispose of them otherwise\n            as it is inconsistent with our policy, and we positively\n            will not stand for it.\u003c/p\u003e\n      \u003c/blockquote\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhile much of the collection regards labor struggles, there\n         is little material regarding immigrant labor although 40% of\n         the workers were immigrants. West Virginia was a sparsely\n         populated state at this time, and immigrants were needed to\n         supplement the labor in their mines. The first constitution of\n         the state provided for the appointment of an immigration\n         officer whose duties were to advertise the attractions of West\n         Virginia throughout Europe and make arrangements with\n         industries to supply transportation for foreign workmen. Of\n         the 80,877 workers employed in the West Virginia coal mines in\n         1915, 49,753 were American-born (37,918 white and 11,835\n         black) and 31,124 were foreign-born. Italians made up the\n         largest percentage of the immigrant labor force, about one\n         third of all foreigners employed in the mines while Hungarians\n         comprised the second-most prevalent nationality, approximately\n         one-sixth of the foreign born total.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Borderland Coal Company never fully recovered from the\n         trouble that paralyzed its mines in 1920. The 1920's were a\n         very depressed period for the mining industry in general and\n         the depression of 1929 brought prices to an all time low. Coal\n         production fell precipitously from 1927-1933 although there\n         seemed to be a slight upturn that year. In 1927, L. E.\n         Armentrout resigned from the company and a year later the\n         Borderland Coal Sales Company was dissolved due to lack of\n         business. The Norfolk and Chesapeake Coal Company became\n         exclusive agents for the sale of Borderland coal. At a meeting\n         of the Borderland Coal Company's board of directors in 1929,\n         it was stated that since the market for coal was so poor, it\n         hardly paid to keep the mines going. The Borderland Coal\n         Company mines were only worked four days during the entire\n         month of May 1932. In a letter from Edward L. Stone to a\n         Borderland Coal Company creditor, Stone wrote that as the\n         Borderland Coal Company did not have the money to pay its\n         debts, all creditors would have to wait for their money, and\n         that he hoped that he could avoid declaring the Borderland\n         Coal Company bankrupt. In 1934 Stone received a letter from a\n         stockholder consoling him for having to \"lose Borderland\n         Coal.\" Apparently the company was then out of business.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe demise of the Borderland Coal Company was the result of\n         broad national trends; the product of their mines was of high\n         quality, and in good supply. The problem of labor and\n         unionization paralyzed the Borderland Coal Company. Lack of\n         production in the mines meant that the Borderland Coal Company\n         could not pay dividends which affected their stockholders. The\n         bad mining conditions, a lack of demand for coal and low\n         market prices made it impossible for the Borderland Coal\n         Company to recover. The return of the coal-rich region of\n         Alsace-Lorraine to France meant that our allies no longer\n         needed American coal. Domestic demand increased, but it did\n         not compensate for decreased industrial use. The switch to\n         alternative forms of energy such as oil, also damaged the coal\n         industry. Although prosperity returned to the rest of the\n         country, the coal industry never totally recovered, and the\n         Borderland Coal Company was one of the victims.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOfficers of the Borderland Coal Company: Edward Lee Stone\n         --President ca. 1907-1919, Chairman of the Board 1919-ca.\n         1934; James P. Woods (attorney at law --U. S. Representative,\n         6th Virginia District) --Vice President ca. 1905-1922,\n         President 1922-1932; L. E. Armentrout --Manager ca. 1905-1915,\n         Vice President and Manager ca. 1915-1927; Ernest B. Fishburn\n         --Secretary-Treasurer ca. 1905-1930\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOfficers of the Borderland Coal Sales Company: L. E.\n         Armentrout --President; Edward Lee Stone --Vice President;\n         James P. Woods --second Vice President; R. N. Osborne,\n         Jr.--Secretary (discharged in 1924); W. W.\n         Austin--Secretary.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eA History of the Stone Printing and\n         Manufacturing Company\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThe Stone Printing and Manufacturing Company of Roanoke,\n         Virginia, was established in 1883 as the Bell Printing and\n         Manufacturing Company. John P. Bell of Lynchburg served as\n         president, and Samuel J. Fields of Abington, Virginia, served\n         as manager. Edward L. Stone, the eventual chairman of the\n         board, was then employed as a journeyman printer and pressman.\n         In 1885, Stone succeeded Fields as the company's manager, and\n         his brother, Albert A. Stone, joined the business.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAt this time the company occupied a small site on Commerce\n         Street in Roanoke, an area about twenty by twenty-five feet.\n         In 1889 the plant was seriously damaged by fire, and within a\n         few months, the company moved to larger quarters on the second\n         and third floors of the Gale Building on Jefferson Street.\n         Shortly thereafter, the controlling interest was purchased by\n         Edward L. Stone, with the remainder of the stock being\n         purchased by J. B. Fishburn and Albert A. Stone.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1892, the name of the company was changed to the Stone\n         Printing and Manufacturing Company, and the company occupied a\n         new, three-story building at 116 North Jefferson Street. In\n         1896, a duplicate building was added on the north side; in a\n         few years another addition was placed at the rear. The company\n         built another addition in 1902 but five years later the old\n         structure was torn down and a new two-stories building, 210 x\n         110 feet, was completed. The new structure gave the Stone\n         Printing Company 50,000 square feet of space, which is about\n         100 times the floor space originally occupied on Commerce\n         Street. The company today occupies the same site on Jefferson\n         Street.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1883 the capital stock of the company was $5,000.00, and\n         in 1900, it was increased to $50,000.00. In 1910 the capital\n         stock had grown to $350,000.00. All of the stock increases\n         were taken, with one exception, by the original stockholders.\n         Sales grew from $84,371.00 in 1900 to $179,433.78 in 1905, and\n         from $253,781.15 in 1909 to a high of $608,174.36 in 1920.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStone had considered selling his printing company to a\n         British syndicate in 1912. He felt, however, that business was\n         good and getting better and eventually decided to retain\n         control. By 1920 the Stone Printing Company had customers in\n         half the states in the union and in some foreign countries.\n         Between 1920 and 1929, however, sales showed a steady decline.\n         In 1929 they fell to $399,701.43 and declined throughout the\n         depression.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Stone Printing Company's most important business came\n         from railroads as the company printed tariff and rate\n         schedules as well as tickets. Since the railroad rates changed\n         rapidly during the early 1900's, railroad printing was very\n         lucrative. The principal railroad customer and in fact, the\n         largest customer, of the Stone Printing Company was the\n         Norfolk and Western Railroad. In 1910 the Norfolk and Western\n         Railroad accounted for $85,652.60 in sales. Combined with the\n         sales to other railroads in 1910, the total of railroad sales\n         was approximately $193,000.00 of a total of $339,678.92 --well\n         over half of the total sales of the Stone Printing\n         Company.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCommercial printing comprised the second largest source of\n         the Stone Printing Company's business, accounting for\n         $135,110.32 of a total $608,174.36 in 1920. The fourth largest\n         amount of business, after the Norfolk and Western Railway,\n         other railroads, and commercial printing, was school and\n         college printing. The Stone Printing Company printed the\n         yearbooks for the University of Virginia, the Georgia\n         Institute of Technology, the University of Mississippi,\n         Randolph-Macon College, Hollins College, Virginia Polytechnic\n         Institute, and others.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe profit margin in printing often was small, and thus\n         costs had to be carefully controlled. Edward L. Stone was a\n         commissioner of the American Printers Cost Commission which\n         kept a close watch on printing costs and tried to keep them\n         down. Another serious problem that bothered Stone Printing\n         Company was unionization. As most Roanoke printing shops,\n         Stone Printing Company was an open shop where either union or\n         non-union people could be employed. The company's officers did\n         not penalize or prevent workers from joining the union. The\n         International Typographical Union, however, put pressure on\n         Edward Stone to turn his establishment into a closed shop,\n         that is, a shop that would hire only union members, pay union\n         wages, and abide by union rules. Paying union wages did not\n         trouble Stone because he already paid more than the union\n         scale in most cases. For example, in 1905 when the union scale\n         was $13.50 per week, Stone pointed out that while two of his\n         employees received less and one received the union wage, over\n         forty workers received between $15.00 and $25.00 per week.\n         Stone felt it folly to pay all workers the same because, he\n         said, \"some are so much better than others.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEdward Stone's paternalistic attitude toward his employees\n         is reflected in a collection of letters exchanged with his\n         workers. Forced to fire an employee who lied about being able\n         to work on a printing press, Stone lent him the money to go to\n         printing school, and re-hired him when he had learned the\n         trade. Another worker left the company without notice, heading\n         home to Lexington, Virginia. When the employee needed money to\n         return to Roanoke, Stone lent it to him with the understanding\n         that the employee would never again leave without asking\n         Stone's permission. Another employee left Stone without notice\n         to work for another printing firm, but when the employee\n         wanted his old job back, Stone gave it to him. Stone\n         frequently lent money to his employees, and did not press them\n         for repayment.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMany of the union's rules, however bothered Stone. Among\n         the ones he objected to were (1) in all cases when it became\n         necessary to reduce the working force of an office, the last\n         person hired should be the first dropped; (2) in machine\n         composition, all work must be time work and no piece work\n         should be allowed; (3) no member of the International\n         Typographical Union should engage in a speed contest either by\n         hand composition or on machines, and violation of this rule\n         was to be punished by a fine of not less than $25.00, or by\n         suspension; (4) an eight hour day (Stone Printing had a 9 to\n         9-1/2 hour day); and (5) no one holding active membership in a\n         local union should sign any individual or private contract\n         with any employer, agreeing to work for any stated time,\n         length, or conditions as the union alone was to have the power\n         to contract for conditions, wages, and hours. This fifth\n         stipulation bothered Stone the most for he firmly believed\n         that an employee should perform whatever duty Stone demanded\n         of him.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn November 20, 1907, there was a union strike in Roanoke.\n         The union men employed by the Stone Printing Company walked\n         out, and the union formed a picket line in front of the Stone\n         Printing Company. Stone wrote to Joel Cuthin, Mayor of\n         Roanoke: \"We have never been opposed to the union, but we have\n         objected to having them run our business, unless they acquired\n         it by ownership.\" The union put pressure on the Stone Printing\n         Company. A memo to Edward Stone from Albert Stone dated 1915\n         told of some Stone Printing Company material being returned by\n         certain Roanoke merchants because they did not bear the union\n         label. The amount of material returned, however, was very\n         small. The union pressure placed on Stone was generally\n         peaceful and there was no violence or destruction. After the\n         unsuccessful strike, Stone took back all of his union men.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter 1920 the company's sales and profits declined. In\n         1927, Albert Stone, who had assumed the presidency of the\n         company, commissioned Ernst and Ernst, financial analysts, to\n         examine the operation of Stone Printing and make\n         recommendations for improving business. The analysts found\n         Stone Printing to be an innovative company which sought and\n         found new markets such as school and college printing and the\n         printing of calendars, and which had sound leadership. Ernst\n         and Ernst felt that it was a change in economic conditions,\n         not the company itself, that caused the company's problems.\n         Competition had changed and grown in intensity by 1920, making\n         the ability to sell most important. The analysts recommended\n         the creation of a sales department coupled with more\n         aggressive selling techniques.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLater, Albert Stone, Jr., Edward Stone's nephew, claimed\n         that it was the reluctance of the Stone Printing Company to\n         cut prices during the depression of 1919-1922 that caused the\n         company's problems. He claimed that by the time the company\n         did cut its prices, Stone Printing had lost many of its most\n         valued customers, and suggested a closer watch of costs\n         coupled with an expansion of the calendar line. Although these\n         suggestions were followed, business did not improve.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhen the Great Depression hit in 1929, business worsened.\n         Loyal customers and a solid financial base kept the Stone\n         Printing Company from bankruptcy. Edward Stone's health was\n         failing by 1929, and most of the company's affairs were passed\n         on to his brother Albert. In a letter from Edward Stone to the\n         board of directors in 1930, he wrote: \n         \u003cblockquote\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe years operations to date, with vastly improved\n            selling efforts, has only brought us the same volume of\n            business that we had last year but the increased\n            organization expense, incident to this extra selling\n            effort, and the extraordinary competition in the matter of\n            price, has prevented us from obtaining prices that we\n            should really obtain for our products.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/blockquote\u003eEdward Stone recommended a reduction in salaries\n         across the board from the president on down, and layoffs of\n         certain personnel.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhen Franklin D. Roosevelt first initiated his New Deal\n         program in 1933, Edward Stone was apprehensive. In a letter\n         dated July 26, 1933, he wrote: \n         \u003cblockquote\u003e\u003cp\u003eWe would like the best in the world to go along with the\n            National Industrial Recovery Act, and be able to wire\n            President Roosevelt an affirmative reply in connection with\n            the agreement addressed \"To Every Employer.\" \n            \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eBut to do so, with my modest knowledge of economics,\n            would mean arbitrary action on our part, with a \"blind\n            faith\" that we do not possess. \n            \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eIf we still further reduce the working hours to 35\n            per week (as the New Deal suggested) the increased cost of\n            production reaches the geometric progression stage, with\n            the result that our losses on current contracts, which we\n            see no way of passing along to our customers until we would\n            actually see no way of meeting our payroll or meeting our\n            bills, would mean disaster. \n            \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eListening in over the radio last night I understand\n            that 5,000 or more telegrams had been received by the\n            President indicating unconditional acceptance of the\n            Agreement. It is quite possible that we should do likewise,\n            regardless, just as we offered ourselves, body and\n            resources, in wartime. \n            \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eI am giving expression to these thoughts even though\n            I feel the \"patriotic\" thing for us to do may be to go\n            ahead, \"blindly,\" and in spite of our objections or reasons\n            for not doing so, and sign the agreement. \n            \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVery Sincerely, \n            \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eEdward L. Stone \n            \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eChairman of the Board\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/blockquote\u003eClearly, Stone expected no miracles, but he went\n         along with the N.I.R.A. and generally supported Roosevelt.\n         There are references to increasing business by 1937.\n         Correspondence ends the following year with Edward Stone's\n         death. The Stone Printing Company, however, is in business to\n         this very day.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Biography of Edward L. Stone Edward Lee Stone was born on September 15, 1864, in\n         Liberty (now Bedford) Virginia, the son of John Harmon Stone\n         and Mary Witt Stone. He was reared in very modest\n         circumstances, and received no more than an elementary school\n         education, yet he became one of the wealthiest and most\n         prominent citizens in the state of Virginia.","Edward Stone's career in the printing business is typical\n         of the fabled American dream. At ten years of age, having\n         recently lost his father, Stone was in the boys' playground of\n         his school. J. R. Guy, the editor of the Bedford Sentinel\n         newspaper, came to the playground looking for William Fellers,\n         Stone's cousin. When Stone asked Mr. Guy what he wanted with\n         William, Guy replied \"I want him to carry the papers. Stone\n         said, \"I'll carry 'em' for you.\" After being a delivery boy\n         for the Sentinel, Stone learned to set type and worked\n         evenings after school for five cents an evening; twenty-five\n         cents on Saturday. Less than a year later, economics\n         necessitated that he quit school to pursue his job full time.\n         Stone learned his lessons well, and showed enthusiasm in every\n         phase of his work. Young Stone worked alongside a window, and\n         enjoyed nothing better than to jump out into the street and\n         scrap with some passing youngster, returning to his duties\n         after the fun was over.","Stone was given more and more duties which he performed to\n         this employer's total satisfaction. At the age of sixteen, for\n         some now-inexplicable reason, Stone left the newspaper\n         business to work for a mercantile establishment, He soon grew\n         bored, however, and returned to printer's ink. This time he\n         worked for the Democrat, a weekly newspaper in Buchanan,\n         Virginia, then a thriving town at the intersection of the\n         James River and the Kanawha Canal.","Once, at the age of sixteen, Stone was entrusted with\n         getting out an entire edition of the paper by himself. The\n         editor was in court and many workmen were out sick. Stone and\n         an assistant set type at breakneck speed beginning at 7:15\n         A.M. and had the entire seven-column paper completed by noon\n         --an amazing feat. Stone was out playing ball by 2 P.M. and\n         earned a $5.00 bonus from his boss, editor William J. Boyd. In\n         1882, Boyd informed Stone that he was going to open a printing\n         office in Roanoke, Virginia, then a small town. Boyd wanted\n         Stone to be manager, and on July 20th, 1882, both men arrived\n         in Roanoke. A place could not be found for the new enterprise\n         however, and both returned to Buchanan. Stone became\n         disillusioned with the small scope of opportunities Buchanan\n         provided, and, with an ambition to \"become somebody\" in the\n         printing business, set out for Lynchburg. Landing in Lynchburg\n         in January 1883 he applied for work on the News and, after a\n         few days, secured a position as compositor. Here he remained\n         until March, achieving considerable reputation as a fast\n         compositor, yet not satisfied. Stone really longed for a\n         position in the printing business. John P. Bell offered Stone\n         a minor position in a branch office he had planned to open in\n         Roanoke. The position was, in most respects, inferior to the\n         one he had already held, but Stone gladly took it. He worked\n         hard, and showed superior business ability which impressed Mr.\n         Bell so much that when the manager of the business died in\n         1885 his position was offered to Stone. The position was not\n         offered without some misgivings because of Stone's youth (he\n         was only twenty-one) and his lack of business experience.\n         Stone, however, did such a good job as manager that Bell\n         realized that he had made the right choice. Stone eventually\n         gained control of the business and became president of the\n         company.","His position was secure enough that in 1890, he married\n         Miss Minnie Fishburn, daughter of J. A. Fishburn, a prominent\n         business man of Roanoke. The couple had one child, Mary\n         Katherine Stone.","Edward Stone's printing business grew in size and wealth.\n         By 1920 it was acknowledged by many to be the best-equipped\n         printing corporation in the south, and one of the largest as\n         well. He had many other business interests. He was president\n         of the Borderland Coal Corporation, president of the Virginia\n         Bridge and Iron Company, vice president and later president of\n         the Walker Foundry and Machine Company, chairman of the First\n         National Exchange Bank, and president of his primary business\n         and \"first love,\" the Stone Printing and Manufacturing\n         Company.","In March 1896 Stone was presented with a petition signed by\n         fourteen Roanoke business men requesting that he run for\n         mayor. Stone was very tempted, but a law stating that no one\n         in Roanoke public office would be permitted to do business\n         with the city stopped him. Stone felt that not being able to\n         do business with the city would be unfair to his stockholders.\n         Stone, a civic-minded individual, was chairman of the Roanoke\n         Community Fund in 1924, and of the City Planning and Zoning\n         Commission. He was also chairman of the war bond committee\n         during the First World War, and belonged to many societies and\n         organizations, including the American Institute of Graphic\n         Arts, the Florida State Historical Society, the Shenandoah\n         Club of Roanoke, the Country Club of Roanoke, the Roanoke Gun\n         Club, the Roanoke German Club, the Virginia Historical Society\n         (life member), the Better Printing Committee of the United\n         Typothetae of America, the Roanoke Rotary Club, the\n         International Benjamin Franklin Society of New York, and the\n         board of trustees of the Committee to Assist the Blind.","Edward Stone was also an extremely charitable man. He gave\n         large sums of money to the Roanoke Hospital and the Roanoke\n         Relief Fund, helped endow Roanoke College, gave heavily to the\n         Boy Scouts and the War Relief Clearing House, and donated\n         money to the Coal Miner's Relief Fund--even though it was\n         those very coal miners who were striking in Stone's coal\n         mines. He believed, however, that the miners' children should\n         not have to suffer for their parents' stand. The Stones also\n         gave money to support French children who had been left\n         fatherless as a result of the war. Stone, a Presbyterian,\n         donated $100.00 to the Jewish Relief Fund in 1917 to aid the\n         starving Jews in Russia displaced by the war, and also sent\n         funds to the Tuskeegee Institute.","Edward Stone's principal hobby was book collecting, and his\n         library was appraised at $50,000.00 in 1939. Among his\n         treasured pieces was a page from the original Gutenberg Bible.\n         Stone's library was considered to be the largest and\n         best-equipped privately-owned library in the state of\n         Virginia.","Stone's income fluctuated through the years. In 1917 and\n         1918, partly through stock sales, Stone declared an income of\n         $129,383.39 and $91,483.00 respectively, but 1926 was\n         considered an average year, and he declared an income of\n         $57,500.00.","Although Stone was a humanitarian and philanthropist, he\n         believed in keeping total control of his business and watched\n         his employees closely. He did not strongly oppose unionization\n         in his printing shop, but fully opposed unionization in his\n         coal mines, even using scabs to break strikes.","Stone suffered financial reversals during the Great\n         Depression but he reorganized his holdings to prevent a great\n         loss, and he weathered the Depression better than most\n         businessmen. His health had begun to fail by 1929, and by 1934\n         he was virtually bedridden. Finally, after a protracted\n         illness, Edward L. Stone died on June 3, 1938, at the age of\n         seventy-four.","A History of the Borderland Coal\n         Company The Borderland Coal Company derived its name from its\n         dual location in Mingo County, West Virginia, and Pike County,\n         Kentucky, an area bordered by the Tug Fork of the Big Sandy\n         River. The mines proper were located in Kentucky, and the coal\n         washers and other processing equipment were located in West\n         Virginia. The company operated from 1903 to 1934. While the\n         Borderland Coal Company was incorporated in 1903, the first\n         batch of coal was not shipped until September 1, 1904. In that\n         year J. S. Tipton, formerly the majority stockholder, resigned\n         his post as general manager of Borderland Coal and sold most\n         of his stock to Edward L. Stone. At that time Stone was\n         president of the Young Men's Investment Club which owned a\n         large number of shares in the Borderland Coal Company, and\n         thus, Stone controlled the club's activities.","The Borderland Coal Company initially owned approximately\n         1,000 acres of coal land. The company mined bituminous or soft\n         coal, and sold slack coal, used by railroads and industrial\n         concerns, egg coal, used in private furnaces, and nut coal,\n         the highest quality of bituminous coal, used in the kitchens\n         of private homes.","The Borderland Coal Company grew through the early 1900's.\n         In 1905, a second plant was opened called simply \"Operation\n         #2.\" The company declared its first stock dividend in November\n         1907, and began the construction of an electric plant,\n         cableway, conveyor, and tipple at a cost of $27,950.00. In\n         1908 a new coal washer was installed. By late 1914 the\n         Borderland Company held 3,000 acres of coal lands containing\n         an estimated 20,000,000 tons of coal. The profits of the\n         Borderland Coal Company increased from $1,250.00 in 1904 to\n         $11,243.77 in 1905, to $49,977.21 in 1908, and to $110,532.68\n         in 1910.","The amount of coal mined increased from 246 railroad\n         carloads in 1904 to 3,781 railroad carloads in 1910, and\n         expansion continued until the outbreak of World War I. The\n         coal paid a regular annual dividend averaging 15-30%. Prior to\n         1911, the Leckie Coal Company of Cleveland, Ohio, was the\n         exclusive agency for the sale of Borderland Coal. In that\n         year, however, the Borderland Coal Sales Company was formed,\n         with officers of the Borderland Coal Company doubling as\n         officials of the new company.","The town of Borderland, West Virginia, was a company town,\n         with company-owned homes, stores, school, and a church. The\n         rents in the company homes appear to have been within the\n         miners' incomes. The prices in the company stores, however,\n         were exorbitant. In fact, profits for the company store were\n         the second biggest money maker for the company in 1911,\n         totaling $11,811.78. The largest profit maker was coal, which\n         netted $91,741.07, while the sale of powder was ranked third,\n         totaling $3,165.86.","World War I created a great demand and a high prices for\n         coal, and the Borderland Coal Company prospered despite\n         difficulty finding railroad cars to transport its produce. In\n         1917, the company paid a record 60% dividend. On January 1,\n         1918, the company re-chartered itself in Virginia, and\n         patented the trademark and the name of the Borderland Coal\n         Company. The new capital stock was valued at nearly\n         $800,000.00. In November 1918 construction began on a new\n         tipple at a cost of $116,000.00. After the First World War,\n         the Borderland Coal Company experienced a decrease in both the\n         demand and the price of coal. The problem of labor and\n         unionization, however, ultimately caused the company's\n         demise.","Borderland Coal Company officials had been concerned over\n         the growth of coal mine unionization long before any major\n         trouble began. As early as 1915, L. E. Armentrout, the\n         corporation's Vice President and General Manager began using\n         \"secret service men\" to infiltrate the ranks of the miners and\n         report on any union activity. It is not known whether these\n         agents were U.S. government agents or private investigators,\n         but the latter is presumed. One of them reported on March 10,\n         1915:","I spent the entire day Monday with Emmett and Ed McKee,\n            Gus Cantrell, and Henry McKnight, all white Americans. We\n            played cards in an empty house on the Kentucky side. We had\n            a nice fire and everything was very comfortable. We would\n            play cards until we got tired, then we would stop\n            everything and talk unionism. Gus Cantrell said that he had\n            been talking to the boys for the last year, trying to get\n            them to organize a local of the U.M.W. of A. He said that\n            there was plenty of good, solid union men and that there\n            were also a lot of rotten scabs here. That he got into a\n            conversation with George McCormick, a white man, and\n            McCormick told him that he didn't believe in the union and\n            that he didn't want anything to do with the U.M.W. of A. .\n            . . I told Cantrell that I would be willing to help\n            organize the local. He said, \"Well, the work is picking up\n            now and we will wait until the boys get a good pay day,\n            then we will put this thing through.\"","Borderland Coal Company successfully resisted unionization\n         in the years before World War I. Wartime regulations prevented\n         strikes and hindered unionization, but after the war many\n         miners felt that it was time to air their grievances. Miners\n         disagreed over specific demands, but most felt that grave\n         inequalities existed in the rates for day workers established\n         by the Bituminous Coal Commission. The miners requested that a\n         conference be held but this request was turned down by the\n         Commission. Dissatisfaction became more pronounced, and during\n         the middle of July 1920 the miners in some of the subdistricts\n         walked out in an unauthorized strike. Shutdowns spread to\n         Indiana and Illinois. President Woodrow Wilson intervened and\n         told the miners that if they returned to work a grievance\n         committee would be formed. The miners returned to work August\n         10, 1920, and the committee was set up. Management and labor\n         agreed on a wage increase and all was quiet for a while.","West Virginia was in a unique position in that most of the\n         mines in that state were non-union. The Interstate Commerce\n         Commission fixed freight rates with a \"differential\" low\n         enough that West Virginia coal would not be eliminated by\n         production from other fields closer to their market. When the\n         market for coal was good, the differential also allowed the\n         union coal fields of Indiana, Michigan, and Illinois to pay\n         the union scale of wages and still sell their coal in\n         competition with the product of non-union fields, such as\n         those in West Virginia. When the demand for coal was low and\n         prices receded, however, the differential no longer aided the\n         union fields and they began to experience an adverse effect.\n         These conditions appeared after the First World War, and as a\n         result operators of unionized mines demanded the unionization\n         of the Wast Virginia coal fields. Thus the U.M.W. put pressure\n         on all non-union fields, including those of the Borderland\n         Coal Company. Borderland Coal Company had been fairly quiet\n         about unionization up to this time. On May 5, 1920, however,\n         L. E. Armentrout had issued the following notice:","TO THE PRESENT OR FUTURE EMPLOYEES OF THE BORDERLAND\n            COAL COMPANY \n             Considerable efforts are being made to organize this\n            field and certain advantages are being held out to some men\n            showing the advisability of belonging to the Union. \n             This is a free country and this company is not going\n            to dictate to its employees whether they shall or shall not\n            join the Union, but for your information and for the\n            information of your friends, we wish to state positively\n            that no Union man will be employed by this company, and if\n            you find that it is to your interest to join the Union, we\n            would suggest that you arrange to move out and call at the\n            office and we will be glad to settle with you. This will\n            save you as well as the company further trouble, but we\n            sincerely hope that the pleasant relations between the\n            Company and the men will continue, and that each and every\n            one of you will continue in our employ. \n             Yours very truly, \n             L. E. Armentrout, \n             Manager \n            ","By late May, 1920 the situation had become acute.\n         Armentrout wrote to James P. Woods, president of the\n         Borderland Coal Company:","The organizers have just about put us out of business at\n            both plants . . . We have a good many men who have not\n            joined the Union, but these agitators are intimidating them\n            and have them so scared they won't attempt to try to work.\n            I will have a conference with the West Virginia attorneys\n            today to see if I cannot get a temporary injunction, or\n            probably prosecution for these intimidators. \n             We have three Deputy Sheriffs in Kentucky and expect\n            two more in today. We have both plants pretty well policed\n            at night, but still some of the intimidators slip through\n            the mines and get to some of the men. . . \n             Now that the primary is over, we believe that\n            Unionism will die out. . . . In fact, no Union cards have\n            been issued and for the past two or three days they have\n            not been able to locate the man who has been giving them\n            orders on the stores. Some of them (the fired Union Men)\n            have already remarked that they could not support their\n            families on $7.00 to $8.00 a week, and they hated to go to\n            bed at night when their children were crying for something\n            to eat.","Unionism, however, did not die out. Union \"agitators\" saw\n         to that no coal could be mined at the Borderland Company's\n         coal fields. In a letter to Stone dated July 6, 1920,\n         Armentrout stated that he was able to get \"very little action\n         from the Governor of West Virginia. . .I just finished talking\n         to Governor Morrow's office in Frankfort, Kentucky, and the\n         home guards will likely entrain today. They will likely have\n         machine guns so if that they get in according to promise, we\n         think that conditions will improve very rapidly.\"","The Borderland Coal Company kept its promise and\n         dispossessed hundreds of its employees. Fired from their jobs\n         and ousted from their homes, they were forced to live in\n         tents. In a union pamphlet entitled \"Borderland and Bullets\"\n         these men told of the horrible indignities forced on company\n         employees who joined the union. The purpose of the pamphlet\n         was to oppose the re-election of Colonel James P. Woods,\n         president of the Borderland Coal Company, to the U. S. House\n         of Representatives. Woods ran for re-election in the sixth\n         Virginia district claiming that he had been always fair to the\n         working man, and he won.","The situation at Borderland soon deteriorated into\n         violence. A pamphlet dated \"winter, 1920\" and entitled \n          Hell with the Lid Off in Mingo\n         County, West Virginia, gives an account of drunken\n         company guards wounding a number of workers by firing into\n         their tents. On May 12, 1920, Edward Stone, chairman of the\n         board of the Borderland Coal Company, had examined an\n         advertisement for the Thompson sub-machine gun but had decided\n         that \"the gun is not sufficient for our needs at the mine.\" On\n         May 16 Governor John J. Cornwell of West Virginia sent a\n         telegram to the War Department in Washington requesting that\n         Federal troops be sent to the Tug River District, where\n         Borderland Coal Company was located. There had been fighting\n         in the Tug River District for nearly four days. Secretary of\n         War John Weeks, basing his decision on reports from one of his\n         staff officers who had visited the area, decided that federal\n         troops were not needed. Four days later Governor Cornwell\n         declared martial law in West Virginia. Militiamen from both\n         Kentucky and West Virginia were involved in the fighting.","In the summer of 1921 the U. M. W. began its famous \"summer\n         march\" which precipitated guerilla warfare between the\n         pro-union and anti-union forces. On June 29, Governor Cornwell\n         ordered the citizens of West Virginia to take up arms and\n         defend themselves against the pro-unionists. The papers of the\n         Borderland Coal Company include lists of casualties written on\n         scrap paper, such as \"Stone Mountain, 5 Baldwin men and 4\n         citizens killed (one the mayor), 2 Feltz Bros. killed, 2\n         military companies there, 2 on the way.\" In April 1922 the\n         coal miners' grievances came to a head and they struck. They\n         demanded a continuation of the system of bargaining and\n         contract, including the \"checkoff,\" which is a list devised to\n         check on payment of union dues. In addition to demanding\n         stable wage rates, the miners demanded a six-hour day and a\n         five-day week. These increased hours would mean steady\n         employment, one of the miners' main goals.","The strike apparently took some pressure off the Borderland\n         Coal Company because after 1922 there is little or nothing in\n         the collection regarding unionization. Company officials had\n         managed to avoid unionization of their mines but had caused\n         the company much damage in the process. Bitter feelings\n         prevailed after the strike. A letter from L. E. Armentrout to\n         the Borderland Coal Company dated 1923 states:","Gentlemen, \n             My attention has just been called to the enclosed\n            blotter bearing the union label. It has been the policy of\n            this company for several years, in fact, ever since we have\n            been in business, not to recognize any Union whatever. We\n            spent, or lost, something like $300,000.00 fighting the\n            United Mine Workers here in 1920 and 1921, and also have\n            some injunctions against them. \n             For your information, please do not place any more\n            printing with any Union shop, and if you have any more of\n            these blotters, tear them up or dispose of them otherwise\n            as it is inconsistent with our policy, and we positively\n            will not stand for it.","While much of the collection regards labor struggles, there\n         is little material regarding immigrant labor although 40% of\n         the workers were immigrants. West Virginia was a sparsely\n         populated state at this time, and immigrants were needed to\n         supplement the labor in their mines. The first constitution of\n         the state provided for the appointment of an immigration\n         officer whose duties were to advertise the attractions of West\n         Virginia throughout Europe and make arrangements with\n         industries to supply transportation for foreign workmen. Of\n         the 80,877 workers employed in the West Virginia coal mines in\n         1915, 49,753 were American-born (37,918 white and 11,835\n         black) and 31,124 were foreign-born. Italians made up the\n         largest percentage of the immigrant labor force, about one\n         third of all foreigners employed in the mines while Hungarians\n         comprised the second-most prevalent nationality, approximately\n         one-sixth of the foreign born total.","The Borderland Coal Company never fully recovered from the\n         trouble that paralyzed its mines in 1920. The 1920's were a\n         very depressed period for the mining industry in general and\n         the depression of 1929 brought prices to an all time low. Coal\n         production fell precipitously from 1927-1933 although there\n         seemed to be a slight upturn that year. In 1927, L. E.\n         Armentrout resigned from the company and a year later the\n         Borderland Coal Sales Company was dissolved due to lack of\n         business. The Norfolk and Chesapeake Coal Company became\n         exclusive agents for the sale of Borderland coal. At a meeting\n         of the Borderland Coal Company's board of directors in 1929,\n         it was stated that since the market for coal was so poor, it\n         hardly paid to keep the mines going. The Borderland Coal\n         Company mines were only worked four days during the entire\n         month of May 1932. In a letter from Edward L. Stone to a\n         Borderland Coal Company creditor, Stone wrote that as the\n         Borderland Coal Company did not have the money to pay its\n         debts, all creditors would have to wait for their money, and\n         that he hoped that he could avoid declaring the Borderland\n         Coal Company bankrupt. In 1934 Stone received a letter from a\n         stockholder consoling him for having to \"lose Borderland\n         Coal.\" Apparently the company was then out of business.","The demise of the Borderland Coal Company was the result of\n         broad national trends; the product of their mines was of high\n         quality, and in good supply. The problem of labor and\n         unionization paralyzed the Borderland Coal Company. Lack of\n         production in the mines meant that the Borderland Coal Company\n         could not pay dividends which affected their stockholders. The\n         bad mining conditions, a lack of demand for coal and low\n         market prices made it impossible for the Borderland Coal\n         Company to recover. The return of the coal-rich region of\n         Alsace-Lorraine to France meant that our allies no longer\n         needed American coal. Domestic demand increased, but it did\n         not compensate for decreased industrial use. The switch to\n         alternative forms of energy such as oil, also damaged the coal\n         industry. Although prosperity returned to the rest of the\n         country, the coal industry never totally recovered, and the\n         Borderland Coal Company was one of the victims.","Officers of the Borderland Coal Company: Edward Lee Stone\n         --President ca. 1907-1919, Chairman of the Board 1919-ca.\n         1934; James P. Woods (attorney at law --U. S. Representative,\n         6th Virginia District) --Vice President ca. 1905-1922,\n         President 1922-1932; L. E. Armentrout --Manager ca. 1905-1915,\n         Vice President and Manager ca. 1915-1927; Ernest B. Fishburn\n         --Secretary-Treasurer ca. 1905-1930","Officers of the Borderland Coal Sales Company: L. E.\n         Armentrout --President; Edward Lee Stone --Vice President;\n         James P. Woods --second Vice President; R. N. Osborne,\n         Jr.--Secretary (discharged in 1924); W. W.\n         Austin--Secretary.","A History of the Stone Printing and\n         Manufacturing Company The Stone Printing and Manufacturing Company of Roanoke,\n         Virginia, was established in 1883 as the Bell Printing and\n         Manufacturing Company. John P. Bell of Lynchburg served as\n         president, and Samuel J. Fields of Abington, Virginia, served\n         as manager. Edward L. Stone, the eventual chairman of the\n         board, was then employed as a journeyman printer and pressman.\n         In 1885, Stone succeeded Fields as the company's manager, and\n         his brother, Albert A. Stone, joined the business.","At this time the company occupied a small site on Commerce\n         Street in Roanoke, an area about twenty by twenty-five feet.\n         In 1889 the plant was seriously damaged by fire, and within a\n         few months, the company moved to larger quarters on the second\n         and third floors of the Gale Building on Jefferson Street.\n         Shortly thereafter, the controlling interest was purchased by\n         Edward L. Stone, with the remainder of the stock being\n         purchased by J. B. Fishburn and Albert A. Stone.","In 1892, the name of the company was changed to the Stone\n         Printing and Manufacturing Company, and the company occupied a\n         new, three-story building at 116 North Jefferson Street. In\n         1896, a duplicate building was added on the north side; in a\n         few years another addition was placed at the rear. The company\n         built another addition in 1902 but five years later the old\n         structure was torn down and a new two-stories building, 210 x\n         110 feet, was completed. The new structure gave the Stone\n         Printing Company 50,000 square feet of space, which is about\n         100 times the floor space originally occupied on Commerce\n         Street. The company today occupies the same site on Jefferson\n         Street.","In 1883 the capital stock of the company was $5,000.00, and\n         in 1900, it was increased to $50,000.00. In 1910 the capital\n         stock had grown to $350,000.00. All of the stock increases\n         were taken, with one exception, by the original stockholders.\n         Sales grew from $84,371.00 in 1900 to $179,433.78 in 1905, and\n         from $253,781.15 in 1909 to a high of $608,174.36 in 1920.","Stone had considered selling his printing company to a\n         British syndicate in 1912. He felt, however, that business was\n         good and getting better and eventually decided to retain\n         control. By 1920 the Stone Printing Company had customers in\n         half the states in the union and in some foreign countries.\n         Between 1920 and 1929, however, sales showed a steady decline.\n         In 1929 they fell to $399,701.43 and declined throughout the\n         depression.","The Stone Printing Company's most important business came\n         from railroads as the company printed tariff and rate\n         schedules as well as tickets. Since the railroad rates changed\n         rapidly during the early 1900's, railroad printing was very\n         lucrative. The principal railroad customer and in fact, the\n         largest customer, of the Stone Printing Company was the\n         Norfolk and Western Railroad. In 1910 the Norfolk and Western\n         Railroad accounted for $85,652.60 in sales. Combined with the\n         sales to other railroads in 1910, the total of railroad sales\n         was approximately $193,000.00 of a total of $339,678.92 --well\n         over half of the total sales of the Stone Printing\n         Company.","Commercial printing comprised the second largest source of\n         the Stone Printing Company's business, accounting for\n         $135,110.32 of a total $608,174.36 in 1920. The fourth largest\n         amount of business, after the Norfolk and Western Railway,\n         other railroads, and commercial printing, was school and\n         college printing. The Stone Printing Company printed the\n         yearbooks for the University of Virginia, the Georgia\n         Institute of Technology, the University of Mississippi,\n         Randolph-Macon College, Hollins College, Virginia Polytechnic\n         Institute, and others.","The profit margin in printing often was small, and thus\n         costs had to be carefully controlled. Edward L. Stone was a\n         commissioner of the American Printers Cost Commission which\n         kept a close watch on printing costs and tried to keep them\n         down. Another serious problem that bothered Stone Printing\n         Company was unionization. As most Roanoke printing shops,\n         Stone Printing Company was an open shop where either union or\n         non-union people could be employed. The company's officers did\n         not penalize or prevent workers from joining the union. The\n         International Typographical Union, however, put pressure on\n         Edward Stone to turn his establishment into a closed shop,\n         that is, a shop that would hire only union members, pay union\n         wages, and abide by union rules. Paying union wages did not\n         trouble Stone because he already paid more than the union\n         scale in most cases. For example, in 1905 when the union scale\n         was $13.50 per week, Stone pointed out that while two of his\n         employees received less and one received the union wage, over\n         forty workers received between $15.00 and $25.00 per week.\n         Stone felt it folly to pay all workers the same because, he\n         said, \"some are so much better than others.\"","Edward Stone's paternalistic attitude toward his employees\n         is reflected in a collection of letters exchanged with his\n         workers. Forced to fire an employee who lied about being able\n         to work on a printing press, Stone lent him the money to go to\n         printing school, and re-hired him when he had learned the\n         trade. Another worker left the company without notice, heading\n         home to Lexington, Virginia. When the employee needed money to\n         return to Roanoke, Stone lent it to him with the understanding\n         that the employee would never again leave without asking\n         Stone's permission. Another employee left Stone without notice\n         to work for another printing firm, but when the employee\n         wanted his old job back, Stone gave it to him. Stone\n         frequently lent money to his employees, and did not press them\n         for repayment.","Many of the union's rules, however bothered Stone. Among\n         the ones he objected to were (1) in all cases when it became\n         necessary to reduce the working force of an office, the last\n         person hired should be the first dropped; (2) in machine\n         composition, all work must be time work and no piece work\n         should be allowed; (3) no member of the International\n         Typographical Union should engage in a speed contest either by\n         hand composition or on machines, and violation of this rule\n         was to be punished by a fine of not less than $25.00, or by\n         suspension; (4) an eight hour day (Stone Printing had a 9 to\n         9-1/2 hour day); and (5) no one holding active membership in a\n         local union should sign any individual or private contract\n         with any employer, agreeing to work for any stated time,\n         length, or conditions as the union alone was to have the power\n         to contract for conditions, wages, and hours. This fifth\n         stipulation bothered Stone the most for he firmly believed\n         that an employee should perform whatever duty Stone demanded\n         of him.","On November 20, 1907, there was a union strike in Roanoke.\n         The union men employed by the Stone Printing Company walked\n         out, and the union formed a picket line in front of the Stone\n         Printing Company. Stone wrote to Joel Cuthin, Mayor of\n         Roanoke: \"We have never been opposed to the union, but we have\n         objected to having them run our business, unless they acquired\n         it by ownership.\" The union put pressure on the Stone Printing\n         Company. A memo to Edward Stone from Albert Stone dated 1915\n         told of some Stone Printing Company material being returned by\n         certain Roanoke merchants because they did not bear the union\n         label. The amount of material returned, however, was very\n         small. The union pressure placed on Stone was generally\n         peaceful and there was no violence or destruction. After the\n         unsuccessful strike, Stone took back all of his union men.","After 1920 the company's sales and profits declined. In\n         1927, Albert Stone, who had assumed the presidency of the\n         company, commissioned Ernst and Ernst, financial analysts, to\n         examine the operation of Stone Printing and make\n         recommendations for improving business. The analysts found\n         Stone Printing to be an innovative company which sought and\n         found new markets such as school and college printing and the\n         printing of calendars, and which had sound leadership. Ernst\n         and Ernst felt that it was a change in economic conditions,\n         not the company itself, that caused the company's problems.\n         Competition had changed and grown in intensity by 1920, making\n         the ability to sell most important. The analysts recommended\n         the creation of a sales department coupled with more\n         aggressive selling techniques.","Later, Albert Stone, Jr., Edward Stone's nephew, claimed\n         that it was the reluctance of the Stone Printing Company to\n         cut prices during the depression of 1919-1922 that caused the\n         company's problems. He claimed that by the time the company\n         did cut its prices, Stone Printing had lost many of its most\n         valued customers, and suggested a closer watch of costs\n         coupled with an expansion of the calendar line. Although these\n         suggestions were followed, business did not improve.","When the Great Depression hit in 1929, business worsened.\n         Loyal customers and a solid financial base kept the Stone\n         Printing Company from bankruptcy. Edward Stone's health was\n         failing by 1929, and most of the company's affairs were passed\n         on to his brother Albert. In a letter from Edward Stone to the\n         board of directors in 1930, he wrote: \n          the years operations to date, with vastly improved\n            selling efforts, has only brought us the same volume of\n            business that we had last year but the increased\n            organization expense, incident to this extra selling\n            effort, and the extraordinary competition in the matter of\n            price, has prevented us from obtaining prices that we\n            should really obtain for our products. Edward Stone recommended a reduction in salaries\n         across the board from the president on down, and layoffs of\n         certain personnel.","When Franklin D. Roosevelt first initiated his New Deal\n         program in 1933, Edward Stone was apprehensive. In a letter\n         dated July 26, 1933, he wrote: \n          We would like the best in the world to go along with the\n            National Industrial Recovery Act, and be able to wire\n            President Roosevelt an affirmative reply in connection with\n            the agreement addressed \"To Every Employer.\" \n             But to do so, with my modest knowledge of economics,\n            would mean arbitrary action on our part, with a \"blind\n            faith\" that we do not possess. \n             If we still further reduce the working hours to 35\n            per week (as the New Deal suggested) the increased cost of\n            production reaches the geometric progression stage, with\n            the result that our losses on current contracts, which we\n            see no way of passing along to our customers until we would\n            actually see no way of meeting our payroll or meeting our\n            bills, would mean disaster. \n             Listening in over the radio last night I understand\n            that 5,000 or more telegrams had been received by the\n            President indicating unconditional acceptance of the\n            Agreement. It is quite possible that we should do likewise,\n            regardless, just as we offered ourselves, body and\n            resources, in wartime. \n             I am giving expression to these thoughts even though\n            I feel the \"patriotic\" thing for us to do may be to go\n            ahead, \"blindly,\" and in spite of our objections or reasons\n            for not doing so, and sign the agreement. \n             Very Sincerely, \n             Edward L. Stone \n             Chairman of the Board Clearly, Stone expected no miracles, but he went\n         along with the N.I.R.A. and generally supported Roosevelt.\n         There are references to increasing business by 1937.\n         Correspondence ends the following year with Edward Stone's\n         death. The Stone Printing Company, however, is in business to\n         this very day."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEdward L. Stone/Borderland Coal Company Papers,\n            Accession #382, Special Collections, University of Virginia\n            Library, Charlottesville, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Edward L. Stone/Borderland Coal Company Papers,\n            Accession #382, Special Collections, University of Virginia\n            Library, Charlottesville, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThese papers fill 455 special four-inch Hollinger storage\n         boxes (ca. 150 linear feet) and span the years 1895-1937.\n         There are three major series: Edward L. Stone's papers re his\n         personal life and diversified business, professional, and\n         civic concerns; papers concerned with his principal business,\n         the Stone Printing and Manufacturing Company of Roanoke,\n         Virginia; and those papers concerned with the Borderland Coal\n         Company of West Virginia and Kentucky of which Stone was the\n         principal officer for many years. Because these series\n         basically are composed of Stone's personal papers, and because\n         there are interrelationships between material in one series\n         and that in another, the series have been maintained in the\n         boxes in the order in which they were found.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe papers are rich in material for many types of studies.\n         Because Stone's major concern was his printing business, there\n         is a great amount of material about that business, its labor\n         problems, economic problems, its professional associations,\n         relationships with its customers --especially the railroads\n         --and so on. Because Mr. Stone collected medieval manuscripts\n         and examples of fine printing that formed a great private\n         library, there is, in his personal papers, a good deal of\n         correspondence and material about this special interest. His\n         personal papers also contain considerable material about his\n         diversified business and civic interests. And the records of\n         the Borderland Coal Company--which Mr. Stone operated either\n         as president or as chairman of the board for twenty-seven\n         years--are rich in information concerning this vital industry,\n         its periods of economic success and decline, its relationships\n         with the railroads that moved its products, and its labor\n         problems.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAll items listed below are blueprints.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAll items listed below are blueprints.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAll items listed below are blueprints.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["These papers fill 455 special four-inch Hollinger storage\n         boxes (ca. 150 linear feet) and span the years 1895-1937.\n         There are three major series: Edward L. Stone's papers re his\n         personal life and diversified business, professional, and\n         civic concerns; papers concerned with his principal business,\n         the Stone Printing and Manufacturing Company of Roanoke,\n         Virginia; and those papers concerned with the Borderland Coal\n         Company of West Virginia and Kentucky of which Stone was the\n         principal officer for many years. Because these series\n         basically are composed of Stone's personal papers, and because\n         there are interrelationships between material in one series\n         and that in another, the series have been maintained in the\n         boxes in the order in which they were found.","The papers are rich in material for many types of studies.\n         Because Stone's major concern was his printing business, there\n         is a great amount of material about that business, its labor\n         problems, economic problems, its professional associations,\n         relationships with its customers --especially the railroads\n         --and so on. Because Mr. Stone collected medieval manuscripts\n         and examples of fine printing that formed a great private\n         library, there is, in his personal papers, a good deal of\n         correspondence and material about this special interest. His\n         personal papers also contain considerable material about his\n         diversified business and civic interests. And the records of\n         the Borderland Coal Company--which Mr. Stone operated either\n         as president or as chairman of the board for twenty-seven\n         years--are rich in information concerning this vital industry,\n         its periods of economic success and decline, its relationships\n         with the railroads that moved its products, and its labor\n         problems.","All items listed below are blueprints.","All items listed below are blueprints.","All items listed below are blueprints."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee the \n            \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.library.virginia.edu/policies/use-of-materials\"\u003e\n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy.\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["See the \n             \n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":2216,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T12:16:02.259Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_viu00663_c01_c422"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3051_c03_c05_c69","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"W.S. Newman","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3051_c03_c05_c69#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3051_c03_c05_c69","ref_ssm":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3051_c03_c05_c69"],"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3051_c03_c05_c69","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3051","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3051","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3051_c03_c05","parent_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3051_c03_c05","parent_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3051","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3051_c03","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3051_c03_c05"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3051","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3051_c03","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3051_c03_c05"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Records of the Office of the President, Julian A. Burruss","Series III: Correspondence","Subseries E: Correspondence"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Records of the Office of the President, Julian A. Burruss","Series III: Correspondence","Subseries E: Correspondence"],"text":["Records of the Office of the President, Julian A. Burruss","Series III: Correspondence","Subseries E: Correspondence","W.S. Newman","box 7","folder 452"],"title_filing_ssi":"W.S. Newman","title_ssm":["W.S. Newman"],"title_tesim":["W.S. Newman"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1923"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1923"],"normalized_title_ssm":["W.S. Newman"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"collection_ssim":["Records of the Office of the President, Julian A. Burruss"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":501,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"date_range_isim":[1923],"containers_ssim":["box 7","folder 452"],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#4/components#68","timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:11:33.061Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3051","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3051","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3051","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3051","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_3051.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Burruss, Julian A., Records of the Office of the President","title_ssm":["Records of the Office of the President, Julian A. Burruss"],"title_tesim":["Records of the Office of the President, Julian A. Burruss"],"unitdate_ssm":["1906-1946"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1906-1946"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Record Group","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["RG.02.08"],"text":["RG.02.08","Records of the Office of the President, Julian A. Burruss","Faculty and staff","University History","University Archives","Women -- History","Record Group 2 - Office of the President","The collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged into seven series, plus oversize materials. Within each series or subseries, folders are arranged in alphabetical order by folder title.","Series I: Personal Correspondence and Papers, 1906-1945 Series II: Board of Visitors, 1919-1935 Series III: Correspondence, 1919-1944 Series IV: Subject Files Series V: Virginia State Survey, 1929-1930 Series VI: Subject Files Series VII: Defense and the War Effort, 1940-1945 Oversize Folders","Julian Ashby Burruss was born in Richmond, Virginia in 1876. He was the first alumnus-President, having graduated with honors in civil engineering from VPI in 1898. A hallmark of his long tenure in the presidency was a major administrative reorganization, which included: abolishing four deanships; broadening the scope and authority of the Deans of Agriculture and Engineering; establishing post of Dean of the College; abolishing College surgeon office and hiring full-time health officer; establishing office of business manager; placing directors of Agriculture Experiment Station and Extension Services under Dean of Agriculture; abolishing Registrar office; and placing athletic activities directly under control of college authorities.","Other highlights of Burruss' administration included: establishment of Engineering Experiment Station, 1921, and Engineering Extension Division, 1923; admittance of women to all departments, except military, 1921; founding of Future Farmers of Virginia, which became Future Farmers of America; first Ph.D. awarded; Radford State Teachers College merged with VPI and became Radford College, the Women's Division of VPI.","When mounting pressures and advancing age began to take a toll on Burruss, the Board of Visitors granted him a six-month leave of absence on 4 January 1945, and named John Hutcheson, Director of the Agriculture Extension Service, as Executive Assistant to the President. On 10 January 1945, Burruss suffered a fractured vertebrae in an automobile accident, so on 12 January, the Rector of the Board requested that Hutcheson assume the duties of the presidency immediately. At the Board meeting on 15 May, Burruss was elected \"President Emeritus\" and the search for a new president began. Burruss died two years later.","The guide to the Records of the Office of the President, Julian A. Burruss by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Records of the Office of the President, Julian A. Burruss commenced in July 2005 and was completed in May 2006. The collection was previously processed by Digital Library and Archives staff.","See also the  Julian Ashby Burruss Papers, 1904-2005, UA 0023,  at Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.","This collection contains mostly correspondence, including with the Board of Visitors (1919-1928) and with faculty (1919-1946). Some of the material in this collection pre-dates the beginning of Burruss' presidency.","The collection also contains lecture notes and writings (1906-1922, 1930-1931); reports to Board of Trustees of the State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (1908-1919); Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station financial reports (1910-1921); minutes of Normal School Board (1915-1917); payrolls (1918-1921); applications for faculty positions (1920-22); budget materials (1920-1924, 1926/1927-1928/1929, 1941-1942); reports of various committees (1921-1925); invoices and insurance policies (1923-1924); contracts (1925-1946); departmental reports (1928); library annual reports (1935/1936-1936/1937); academic reports (1935-1940); Virginia Academy of Science Planning Committee material (1940); items relating to the Radford-VPI merger (1943-1944); reports of Treasurer to Department of Interior and Agriculture on income from fund derived for Land Grant Act of 1862 or from land grants made in lieu of 1862 grant; Public Works Administration records relating to buildings constructed on campus using PWA funds.","In addition to titles, some folder entries include information about topics covered in the folder. Please note, these are highlights and not exhaustive lists of subjects contained in the file.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The bulk of the collection contains correspondence concerning Julian Ashby Burruss' tenure as president of Virginia Polytechnic Institute, as well as lecture notes, reports to the Board of Trustees of the State Normal School, and Experiment Station reports.","Please note:  This collection is in off-site storage and requires 2-3 days notice for retrieval. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives for more information.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Office of the President","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Burruss, Julian Ashby, 1876-1947","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["RG.02.08"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Records of the Office of the President, Julian A. Burruss"],"collection_title_tesim":["Records of the Office of the President, Julian A. Burruss"],"collection_ssim":["Records of the Office of the President, Julian A. Burruss"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Office of the President","Burruss, Julian Ashby, 1876-1947"],"creator_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Office of the President","Burruss, Julian Ashby, 1876-1947"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Burruss, Julian Ashby, 1876-1947"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Office of the President"],"creators_ssim":["Burruss, Julian Ashby, 1876-1947","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Office of the President"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Records of the Office of the President, Julian A. Burruss were transferred to Special Collections and University Archives in March-June 1973. Additional materials were received prior to 2000."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Faculty and staff","University History","University Archives","Women -- History","Record Group 2 - Office of the President"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Faculty and staff","University History","University Archives","Women -- History","Record Group 2 - Office of the President"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["72 Cubic Feet 52 boxes, 1 oversize folder"],"extent_tesim":["72 Cubic Feet 52 boxes, 1 oversize folder"],"date_range_isim":[1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into seven series, plus oversize materials. Within each series or subseries, folders are arranged in alphabetical order by folder title.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003clist\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries I: Personal Correspondence and Papers, 1906-1945\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries II: Board of Visitors, 1919-1935\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries III: Correspondence, 1919-1944\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries IV: Subject Files\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries V: Virginia State Survey, 1929-1930\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VI: Subject Files\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VII: Defense and the War Effort, 1940-1945\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eOversize Folders\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into seven series, plus oversize materials. Within each series or subseries, folders are arranged in alphabetical order by folder title.","Series I: Personal Correspondence and Papers, 1906-1945 Series II: Board of Visitors, 1919-1935 Series III: Correspondence, 1919-1944 Series IV: Subject Files Series V: Virginia State Survey, 1929-1930 Series VI: Subject Files Series VII: Defense and the War Effort, 1940-1945 Oversize Folders"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJulian Ashby Burruss was born in Richmond, Virginia in 1876. He was the first alumnus-President, having graduated with honors in civil engineering from VPI in 1898. A hallmark of his long tenure in the presidency was a major administrative reorganization, which included: abolishing four deanships; broadening the scope and authority of the Deans of Agriculture and Engineering; establishing post of Dean of the College; abolishing College surgeon office and hiring full-time health officer; establishing office of business manager; placing directors of Agriculture Experiment Station and Extension Services under Dean of Agriculture; abolishing Registrar office; and placing athletic activities directly under control of college authorities.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOther highlights of Burruss' administration included: establishment of Engineering Experiment Station, 1921, and Engineering Extension Division, 1923; admittance of women to all departments, except military, 1921; founding of Future Farmers of Virginia, which became Future Farmers of America; first Ph.D. awarded; Radford State Teachers College merged with VPI and became Radford College, the Women's Division of VPI.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhen mounting pressures and advancing age began to take a toll on Burruss, the Board of Visitors granted him a six-month leave of absence on 4 January 1945, and named John Hutcheson, Director of the Agriculture Extension Service, as Executive Assistant to the President. On 10 January 1945, Burruss suffered a fractured vertebrae in an automobile accident, so on 12 January, the Rector of the Board requested that Hutcheson assume the duties of the presidency immediately. At the Board meeting on 15 May, Burruss was elected \"President Emeritus\" and the search for a new president began. Burruss died two years later.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Julian Ashby Burruss was born in Richmond, Virginia in 1876. He was the first alumnus-President, having graduated with honors in civil engineering from VPI in 1898. A hallmark of his long tenure in the presidency was a major administrative reorganization, which included: abolishing four deanships; broadening the scope and authority of the Deans of Agriculture and Engineering; establishing post of Dean of the College; abolishing College surgeon office and hiring full-time health officer; establishing office of business manager; placing directors of Agriculture Experiment Station and Extension Services under Dean of Agriculture; abolishing Registrar office; and placing athletic activities directly under control of college authorities.","Other highlights of Burruss' administration included: establishment of Engineering Experiment Station, 1921, and Engineering Extension Division, 1923; admittance of women to all departments, except military, 1921; founding of Future Farmers of Virginia, which became Future Farmers of America; first Ph.D. awarded; Radford State Teachers College merged with VPI and became Radford College, the Women's Division of VPI.","When mounting pressures and advancing age began to take a toll on Burruss, the Board of Visitors granted him a six-month leave of absence on 4 January 1945, and named John Hutcheson, Director of the Agriculture Extension Service, as Executive Assistant to the President. On 10 January 1945, Burruss suffered a fractured vertebrae in an automobile accident, so on 12 January, the Rector of the Board requested that Hutcheson assume the duties of the presidency immediately. At the Board meeting on 15 May, Burruss was elected \"President Emeritus\" and the search for a new president began. Burruss died two years later."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Records of the Office of the President, Julian A. Burruss by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-%20work/public-domain/cc0/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Records of the Office of the President, Julian A. Burruss by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Records of the Office of the President, Julian A. Burruss, RG 2/8, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Records of the Office of the President, Julian A. Burruss, RG 2/8, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Records of the Office of the President, Julian A. Burruss commenced in July 2005 and was completed in May 2006. The collection was previously processed by Digital Library and Archives staff.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Records of the Office of the President, Julian A. Burruss commenced in July 2005 and was completed in May 2006. The collection was previously processed by Digital Library and Archives staff."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee also the \u003ca href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=jmu/vihart00259.xml\" target=\"_new\"\u003eJulian Ashby Burruss Papers, 1904-2005, UA 0023,\u003c/a\u003e at Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Archival Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See also the  Julian Ashby Burruss Papers, 1904-2005, UA 0023,  at Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains mostly correspondence, including with the Board of Visitors (1919-1928) and with faculty (1919-1946). Some of the material in this collection pre-dates the beginning of Burruss' presidency.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also contains lecture notes and writings (1906-1922, 1930-1931); reports to Board of Trustees of the State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (1908-1919); Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station financial reports (1910-1921); minutes of Normal School Board (1915-1917); payrolls (1918-1921); applications for faculty positions (1920-22); budget materials (1920-1924, 1926/1927-1928/1929, 1941-1942); reports of various committees (1921-1925); invoices and insurance policies (1923-1924); contracts (1925-1946); departmental reports (1928); library annual reports (1935/1936-1936/1937); academic reports (1935-1940); Virginia Academy of Science Planning Committee material (1940); items relating to the Radford-VPI merger (1943-1944); reports of Treasurer to Department of Interior and Agriculture on income from fund derived for Land Grant Act of 1862 or from land grants made in lieu of 1862 grant; Public Works Administration records relating to buildings constructed on campus using PWA funds.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to titles, some folder entries include information about topics covered in the folder. Please note, these are highlights and not exhaustive lists of subjects contained in the file.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains mostly correspondence, including with the Board of Visitors (1919-1928) and with faculty (1919-1946). Some of the material in this collection pre-dates the beginning of Burruss' presidency.","The collection also contains lecture notes and writings (1906-1922, 1930-1931); reports to Board of Trustees of the State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (1908-1919); Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station financial reports (1910-1921); minutes of Normal School Board (1915-1917); payrolls (1918-1921); applications for faculty positions (1920-22); budget materials (1920-1924, 1926/1927-1928/1929, 1941-1942); reports of various committees (1921-1925); invoices and insurance policies (1923-1924); contracts (1925-1946); departmental reports (1928); library annual reports (1935/1936-1936/1937); academic reports (1935-1940); Virginia Academy of Science Planning Committee material (1940); items relating to the Radford-VPI merger (1943-1944); reports of Treasurer to Department of Interior and Agriculture on income from fund derived for Land Grant Act of 1862 or from land grants made in lieu of 1862 grant; Public Works Administration records relating to buildings constructed on campus using PWA funds.","In addition to titles, some folder entries include information about topics covered in the folder. Please note, these are highlights and not exhaustive lists of subjects contained in the file."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (\u003ca href=\"mailto:specref@vt.edu\"\u003especref@vt.edu\u003c/a\u003e or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproductions and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_99ffc4b6975dcc96ab6039abbbb6e7a7\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe bulk of the collection contains correspondence concerning Julian Ashby Burruss' tenure as president of Virginia Polytechnic Institute, as well as lecture notes, reports to the Board of Trustees of the State Normal School, and Experiment Station reports.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The bulk of the collection contains correspondence concerning Julian Ashby Burruss' tenure as president of Virginia Polytechnic Institute, as well as lecture notes, reports to the Board of Trustees of the State Normal School, and Experiment Station reports."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_3fe84f921447fe3b159cbba915706c4b\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003ePlease note:\u003c/emph\u003e This collection is in off-site storage and requires 2-3 days notice for retrieval. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives for more information.\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Please note:  This collection is in off-site storage and requires 2-3 days notice for retrieval. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives for more information."],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Burruss, Julian Ashby, 1876-1947"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Office of the President","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Burruss, Julian Ashby, 1876-1947"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Office of the President","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)"],"persname_ssim":["Burruss, Julian Ashby, 1876-1947"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"total_component_count_is":2949,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:11:33.061Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3051_c03_c05_c69"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_617_c01_c01_c432","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"W.S. Thomas and C.R. Harris purchase of the Verner Roller Mills","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_617_c01_c01_c432#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_617_c01_c01_c432","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_3_resources_617_c01_c01_c432"],"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_617_c01_c01_c432","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_617","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_617","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_617_c01_c01","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_617_c01_c01","parent_ssim":["viu_repositories_3_resources_617","viu_repositories_3_resources_617_c01","viu_repositories_3_resources_617_c01_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_3_resources_617","viu_repositories_3_resources_617_c01","viu_repositories_3_resources_617_c01_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Aubrey E. Strode papers","Strode attorney case files","Legal case files"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Aubrey E. Strode papers","Strode attorney case files","Legal case files"],"text":["Aubrey E. Strode papers","Strode attorney case files","Legal case files","W.S. Thomas and C.R. Harris purchase of the Verner Roller Mills","box 44","folder 2"],"title_filing_ssi":"W.S. Thomas and C.R. Harris purchase of the Verner Roller Mills","title_ssm":["W.S. Thomas and C.R. Harris purchase of the Verner Roller Mills"],"title_tesim":["W.S. Thomas and C.R. Harris purchase of the Verner Roller Mills"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1921-1923"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1921/1923"],"normalized_title_ssm":["W.S. Thomas and C.R. Harris purchase of the Verner Roller Mills"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Aubrey E. Strode papers"],"extent_ssm":["1 folder(s)"],"extent_tesim":["1 folder(s)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":434,"parent_access_terms_tesm":["This collection is open for research use."],"date_range_isim":[1921,1922,1923],"containers_ssim":["box 44","folder 2"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#0/components#431","timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:23:27.213Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_617","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_617","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_617","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_617","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_617.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/534","title_filing_ssi":"Strode, Aubrey E., papers","title_ssm":["Aubrey E. Strode papers"],"title_tesim":["Aubrey E. Strode papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1861-1969"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1861-1969"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss 3014","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/617"],"text":["Mss 3014","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/617","Aubrey E. Strode papers","women--education -- Virginia","Virginia -- Lynchburg","Virginia -- Amherst County","Eugenics -- Virginia","Involuntary sterilization","practice of law -- Virginia","United States. Army. Judge Advocate General","State Colony for Epileptics and the Feeble-Minded -- Virginia","Democratic party -- Virginia","social problems","Thornhill Wagon Company","Tobacco Growers Co-operative Association","Kenmore High School--Amherst County (Va.)","lawyers","The Strode papers are arranged in seven series. Series one consists of Strode's attorney case files with two subseries, a) legal case files and b) legal documents and small cases; series two contains the correspondence from Strode's legal practice and judgeship; the third series has family and personal correspondence; the fourth series contains topical and miscellany files; series five has financial papers; series six consists of bound volumes, notebooks, and memoranda books; the seventh and last series is folio bound volumes.","The legal correspondence, both incoming to the law office of Strode and Tucker and the outgoing correspondence from  Strode and Tucker, are arranged alphabetically within year(s) by the last name of the correspondent or the chief name of the business; This system appears to have lasted through 1917, coinciding with the beginning of Strode's Judge Advocate General service. After that, the clear delineation between Strode's own correspondence and correspondence coming into the office is not defined and the two types are generally interfiled together, alphabetically by year(s).","Family correspondence was sometimes found within Strode's legal correspondence files and sometimes elsewhere. As much as could be determined, all family correspondence has been separated and arranged by year.","Aubrey Ellis Strode, an American lawyer and Democratic politician, was born on October 2, 1873, at Amherst, Virginia, to Henry Aubrey Strode (1844-1898) and Mildred Powell Ellis Strode (1854-1898). Strode graduated from Kenmore High School at Amherst, and attended college at the University of Mississippi, Washington and Lee (1891-1892), and studied law at the University of Virginia, 1898-1899. Strode served as the principal of Ridgeway High School, Ridgeway, South Carolina, and Kenmore University High School, Amherst County, Virginia. The house \"Kenmore,\" was a colonial brick home built by Samuel Meredith Garland, whose granddaughter, Mildred Ellis, married Henry Aubrey Strode. Kenmore Farm became a preparatory high school operated by Henry Aubrey Strode between 1872 and 1889, and 1896-1899. Henry Aubrey Strode also served as the first president of Clemson University, 1890-1893. Aubrey Ellis Strode became principal and continued the school for a few years when his father fell ill. ","Upon the death of his parents and being the eldest of the remaining family, Strode decided to study law, passed the bar examination and began practicing law in Amherst County and Lynchburg. His first law partner was Stickley Tucker (1879-1912), the oldest son of Cornelius S. Tucker and Sallie Stickley Tucker.  Aubrey E. Strode and John William Stickley Tucker signed articles of agreement on December 31, 1902, becoming partners in the practice of law, pertaining to the counties of Amherst and Nelson, Virginia under the name of Strode and Tucker, beginning January 1, 1903, with the general office at Amherst Court House. This practice was distinct from the law practice of Aubrey Strode in Lynchburg, Virginia. Later a memorandum of partnership agreement between Aubrey E. Strode and J. Easley Edmunds, Jr. took effect on March 1, 1923 under the firm name of Strode and Edmunds, with Strode as the senior partner.","Strode represented Amherst County and Nelson County in the Virginia Senate, from 1906-1912, and 1916-1920 and was the elector at large in Virginia in 1928. He was an active member of the Democratic Party in Virginia and a popular public speaker supporting Democratic candidates during elections. During World War I, he joined the United States Army serving with the Judge Advocate General Department of the Officers' Reserve Corps. Strode was commissioned April 23, 1918 as Major Judge Advocate and then promoted to Lieutenant Colonel Judge Advocate May 15, 1919. While in service, he was on active duty at Washington, D.C. from May 15, 1918 until January 1919, and from February through August 1919, served with the American Expeditionary Forces at Chaumont and Paris, France. Strode was discharged on August 12, 1919.","Perhaps best known as the lawyer who wrote the statute known as the Virginia Sterilization Act of 1924, Strode was also a long-time legal advisor to the Board of the State Colony for Epileptics and the Feeble-Minded. The Colony was located in Madison Heights near Lynchburg, Virginia, and authorized by a bill written in 1906 by Aubrey Strode in collaboration with Dr. Albert Priddy, who served as the first superintendent, and Joseph DeJarnette, superintendent at Western State Hospital in Staunton, Virginia.","He argued the case of Buck v. Bell before the Supreme Court of the United States in 1927. Carrie Buck was a young woman from Charlottesville who Dr. Priddy petitioned to have sterilized. Priddy died during the litigation and his successor as superintendent of the Virginia State Colony for Epileptics and the Feeble Minded, Dr. John Bell, took up the cause. The Supreme Court upheld the statute instituting compulsory sterilization of the unfit \"for the protection and health of the state\" on May 2, 1927. The Supreme Court majority opinion was written by Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.","Strode was also a judge in the Corporation Court of Lynchburg (1933-1944). Strode died May 17, 1946 following his retirement from the bench due to poor health.","Biographical notes on Aubrey E. Strode siblings, wives and offspring is described in this subnote.","Aubrey E. Strode was the eldest child in his family and had seven siblings, six sisters and one brother. These include: Leslie Strode (1875- ?); Grace Strode (1877-1933); Ida Strode Berry (1878-1963) married Taylor Berry in 1898; Lucille Garland Strode (1882-1954) married William Ralph Smith in 1911; Edith Strode (1882-? ) married Dr. Howard Lilienthal; Mildred Strode Vandegrift (1886-1952); and Dr. Basil E. Strode (1888-1952), who served as a 1st Lt. in the Medical Corp in World War I.","Aubrey Ellis Strode married first Rebekah Davies Brown Strode (1874-1922) of Arlington, Virginia, on June 4, 1903, and second, Louisa Hubbard Strode Smith (1896-1989) of Forest, Virginia, in 1923.","Children of Aubrey E. Strode and Rebekah Brown Strode include: William Lewis Strode (1904-1906), Mildred Ellis Strode (1906-?) who married William Tucker Battle, Rebekah Elizabeth Strode (1913-1998) who married St. George Tucker Lee in 1936, Aubrey Ellis Strode, Jr. (1908-1970), and John Thompson Brown Strode (1910-1971). Hildreth Hubbard Strode (1926-2016) was the son of Aubrey E. Strode and Louis Hubbard Strode.","\"The Amherst Progress\" was described by Strode as a \"democratic, country, weekly newspaper\" with a circulation of between seven and eight hundred subscribers in 1914. The paper was established in 1904 by Stickley Tucker (1879-1912) the editor–in-chief and business manager, and was published until his ill health and death.","This folder has been created by the processor for the convenience of students and other researchers. It was not a file created by Aubrey Strode. It does not claim to be an exhaustive resource for the topic in this collection, but a starting point.","See also Frank R. Smith v. C.J. Campbell case.","Aubrey E. Strode (1861-1969,88 cubic feet) was a Virginia lawyer, state senator and eugenics advocate who drafted the Virginia sterilization law and brought Buck vs. Bell to the Supreme Court. This collection consists of his personal and professional papers concerning his family, law practice, army service, political and legislative activities as a member of the Virginia Senate, the Virginia Democratic Party and the Progressive movement, and as a co-owner of the newspaper, The Amherst Progress. The bulk of the papers consists of the files of the law firms of Strode and Tucker and Strode and Edwards, containing correspondence, court records, trial transcripts, exhibits, estate settlements, debt collections, and various legal documents. ","It also includes some speeches, bills, and correspondence with Edwin A. Alderman in the political and legislative papers in series four concerning the proposal to establish a coordinate Woman's College at the University of Virginia and the budgetary needs of the University of Virginia in the legislature. There are also letters in the family correspondence from his cousin, Dr. Rosalie Slaughter Morton (1876-1968), an American physician and surgeon, concerning her trips abroad and her autobiographical books. ","There are three files in this collection entirely concerned with Strode's role in eugenics and sterilization in Virginia and they are: Carrie Buck v. Dr. J.H. Bell, 1925 June 1 (Box 9); State Colony for Epileptics and the Feeble-Minded, 1908, 1920-1922 (Box 42); and Sterilization and Eugenics, 1924-1947 (Box 159). Much of the other material is scattered among his legal practice alphabetical correspondence files, under the last name of correspondents such as William F. Drewry, superintendent of Central State Hospital; Dr. Albert Priddy, first superintendent of the Virginia Colony for Epileptics and the Feebleminded; his successor, Dr. John H. Bell; and Dr. J.S. DeJarnette, superintendent of Western State Hospital or chronologically in the political and legislative series.","Other topics with significant material in these papers include: the American Legion; The Amherst Progress (for additional information about the newspaper and the partnership with Tucker, see Strode's incoming legal practice correspondence files under \"T\" containing letters from Stickly Tucker and Strode's outgoing legal practice correspondence files under \"S\"); Judge Advocate General material; Kenmore High School, Amherst County, Virginia; the Lynchburg Jail; Marshal Lodge Memorial Hospital, where Strode served on the Board of Directors; and political and legislative material. ","This series consists of files and documents generated by Aubrey Strode's legal practice and are arranged alphabetically by the first name in the legal case or document.","This subseries contains files of specific cases and are arranged alphabetically by the last name of the client mentioned first in the lawsuit, divorce case, settlement of an estate, etc.","The folder 1917 January includes the composition of a segregation ordinance for the town.","This subseries consists of individual legal document handled by Strode or very small cases without their own file, arranged alphabetically by the last name of the client or the first person mentioned in the document.","Documents include deeds, documents concerning the sale of the \"Kenmore Farm\" and school property and a memorandum of partnership agreement between Strode and J. Easley Edmunds, Jr., March 30, 1923.","Includes memoranda from Adrienne Adkerson to Strode concerning office matters, chiefly while Strode was in Richmond attending the General Assembly session (1916).","The correspondence of Strodes first wife, Rebekah Brown Strode, has been included in the Strode family correspondence before their marriage. The correspondence of his second wife, Louisa Dexter Hubbard Strode, before their marriage is included in the Hubbard family correspondence and with the Strode family afterwards, 1924 on.","Includes several letters from Strode to his family physician, Dr. F. Vooeheis about the general health of his parents and their immediate cause of death, when he was trying to get insurance. Both parents died in hospitals for the insane after health events affected their minds(December 29 and 30, 1902; and January 2, 1903).","Includes sheet music by Chertsey H. De Jarnette and Dr. J.S. De Jarnette, and a first draft of Strode's obituary by Martin Adams.","Many of these sales were conducted by Aubrey E. Strode as the trustee or commissioner for lands, mills, and other property in Amherst or nearby counties and towns.","Includes \"Aubrey H. Strode and Confederate Memories\" by Camm Patteson (1840-1909), June 2, 1905.","This folder includes a letter from Dr. Howard Lilienthal, brother-in-law of Strode, thanking Strode for his sterilization paper, attached to the letter, which Strode had forwarded to him. Dr. Lilienthal gives his own view on  sterilization as a medical man (February 16, 1925).","Includes arrangements and designs for a monument and stained glass window as a memorial for Henry Aubrey Strode and Mildred Ellis Strode and bids, estimates, and a contract for the construction of a house for Aubrey E. Strode.","B. W. Landrum account on page 38. Mr. Landrum was a merchant, farmer, and postmaster in New Glasgow, Virginia.","This collection is open for research use.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Hubbard family","Strode family","Strode, Aubrey Ellis, 1873-1946","Tucker, John William Stickley, 1879-1912","Smith, Louise Dexter Hubbard Strode, 1896-1989","English"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss 3014","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/617"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Aubrey E. Strode papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Aubrey E. Strode papers"],"collection_ssim":["Aubrey E. Strode papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["women--education -- Virginia","Virginia -- Lynchburg","Virginia -- Amherst County"],"geogname_ssim":["women--education -- Virginia","Virginia -- Lynchburg","Virginia -- Amherst County"],"creator_ssm":["Strode, Aubrey Ellis, 1873-1946","Tucker, John William Stickley, 1879-1912"],"creator_ssim":["Strode, Aubrey Ellis, 1873-1946","Tucker, John William Stickley, 1879-1912"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Strode, Aubrey Ellis, 1873-1946","Tucker, John William Stickley, 1879-1912"],"creators_ssim":["Strode, Aubrey Ellis, 1873-1946","Tucker, John William Stickley, 1879-1912"],"places_ssim":["women--education -- Virginia","Virginia -- Lynchburg","Virginia -- Amherst County"],"access_terms_ssm":["This collection is open for research use."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Aubrey E. Strode papers were originally were placed on loan to the University of Virginia library by his wife, Louisa Hubbard Strode Smith, on September 20, 1948, but were made a gift on June 15, 1971. Other smaller accessions were given to the Library to the original group of papers as gifts on January 25, 1961,June 14, 1971, and July 13, 1971."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Eugenics -- Virginia","Involuntary sterilization","practice of law -- Virginia","United States. Army. Judge Advocate General","State Colony for Epileptics and the Feeble-Minded -- Virginia","Democratic party -- Virginia","social problems","Thornhill Wagon Company","Tobacco Growers Co-operative Association","Kenmore High School--Amherst County (Va.)","lawyers"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Eugenics -- Virginia","Involuntary sterilization","practice of law -- Virginia","United States. Army. Judge Advocate General","State Colony for Epileptics and the Feeble-Minded -- Virginia","Democratic party -- Virginia","social problems","Thornhill Wagon Company","Tobacco Growers Co-operative Association","Kenmore High School--Amherst County (Va.)","lawyers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["88 Cubic Feet 174 document boxes, 2 large oversize folders, and 2 small oversize folders, and 8 folio ledgers"],"extent_tesim":["88 Cubic Feet 174 document boxes, 2 large oversize folders, and 2 small oversize folders, and 8 folio ledgers"],"date_range_isim":[1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Strode papers are arranged in seven series. Series one consists of Strode's attorney case files with two subseries, a) legal case files and b) legal documents and small cases; series two contains the correspondence from Strode's legal practice and judgeship; the third series has family and personal correspondence; the fourth series contains topical and miscellany files; series five has financial papers; series six consists of bound volumes, notebooks, and memoranda books; the seventh and last series is folio bound volumes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe legal correspondence, both incoming to the law office of Strode and Tucker and the outgoing correspondence from  Strode and Tucker, are arranged alphabetically within year(s) by the last name of the correspondent or the chief name of the business; This system appears to have lasted through 1917, coinciding with the beginning of Strode's Judge Advocate General service. After that, the clear delineation between Strode's own correspondence and correspondence coming into the office is not defined and the two types are generally interfiled together, alphabetically by year(s).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFamily correspondence was sometimes found within Strode's legal correspondence files and sometimes elsewhere. As much as could be determined, all family correspondence has been separated and arranged by year.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement","Arrangement","Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Strode papers are arranged in seven series. Series one consists of Strode's attorney case files with two subseries, a) legal case files and b) legal documents and small cases; series two contains the correspondence from Strode's legal practice and judgeship; the third series has family and personal correspondence; the fourth series contains topical and miscellany files; series five has financial papers; series six consists of bound volumes, notebooks, and memoranda books; the seventh and last series is folio bound volumes.","The legal correspondence, both incoming to the law office of Strode and Tucker and the outgoing correspondence from  Strode and Tucker, are arranged alphabetically within year(s) by the last name of the correspondent or the chief name of the business; This system appears to have lasted through 1917, coinciding with the beginning of Strode's Judge Advocate General service. After that, the clear delineation between Strode's own correspondence and correspondence coming into the office is not defined and the two types are generally interfiled together, alphabetically by year(s).","Family correspondence was sometimes found within Strode's legal correspondence files and sometimes elsewhere. As much as could be determined, all family correspondence has been separated and arranged by year."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAubrey Ellis Strode, an American lawyer and Democratic politician, was born on October 2, 1873, at Amherst, Virginia, to Henry Aubrey Strode (1844-1898) and Mildred Powell Ellis Strode (1854-1898). Strode graduated from Kenmore High School at Amherst, and attended college at the University of Mississippi, Washington and Lee (1891-1892), and studied law at the University of Virginia, 1898-1899. Strode served as the principal of Ridgeway High School, Ridgeway, South Carolina, and Kenmore University High School, Amherst County, Virginia. The house \"Kenmore,\" was a colonial brick home built by Samuel Meredith Garland, whose granddaughter, Mildred Ellis, married Henry Aubrey Strode. Kenmore Farm became a preparatory high school operated by Henry Aubrey Strode between 1872 and 1889, and 1896-1899. Henry Aubrey Strode also served as the first president of Clemson University, 1890-1893. Aubrey Ellis Strode became principal and continued the school for a few years when his father fell ill. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUpon the death of his parents and being the eldest of the remaining family, Strode decided to study law, passed the bar examination and began practicing law in Amherst County and Lynchburg. His first law partner was Stickley Tucker (1879-1912), the oldest son of Cornelius S. Tucker and Sallie Stickley Tucker.  Aubrey E. Strode and John William Stickley Tucker signed articles of agreement on December 31, 1902, becoming partners in the practice of law, pertaining to the counties of Amherst and Nelson, Virginia under the name of Strode and Tucker, beginning January 1, 1903, with the general office at Amherst Court House. This practice was distinct from the law practice of Aubrey Strode in Lynchburg, Virginia. Later a memorandum of partnership agreement between Aubrey E. Strode and J. Easley Edmunds, Jr. took effect on March 1, 1923 under the firm name of Strode and Edmunds, with Strode as the senior partner.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eStrode represented Amherst County and Nelson County in the Virginia Senate, from 1906-1912, and 1916-1920 and was the elector at large in Virginia in 1928. He was an active member of the Democratic Party in Virginia and a popular public speaker supporting Democratic candidates during elections. During World War I, he joined the United States Army serving with the Judge Advocate General Department of the Officers' Reserve Corps. Strode was commissioned April 23, 1918 as Major Judge Advocate and then promoted to Lieutenant Colonel Judge Advocate May 15, 1919. While in service, he was on active duty at Washington, D.C. from May 15, 1918 until January 1919, and from February through August 1919, served with the American Expeditionary Forces at Chaumont and Paris, France. Strode was discharged on August 12, 1919.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePerhaps best known as the lawyer who wrote the statute known as the Virginia Sterilization Act of 1924, Strode was also a long-time legal advisor to the Board of the State Colony for Epileptics and the Feeble-Minded. The Colony was located in Madison Heights near Lynchburg, Virginia, and authorized by a bill written in 1906 by Aubrey Strode in collaboration with Dr. Albert Priddy, who served as the first superintendent, and Joseph DeJarnette, superintendent at Western State Hospital in Staunton, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHe argued the case of Buck v. Bell before the Supreme Court of the United States in 1927. Carrie Buck was a young woman from Charlottesville who Dr. Priddy petitioned to have sterilized. Priddy died during the litigation and his successor as superintendent of the Virginia State Colony for Epileptics and the Feeble Minded, Dr. John Bell, took up the cause. The Supreme Court upheld the statute instituting compulsory sterilization of the unfit \"for the protection and health of the state\" on May 2, 1927. The Supreme Court majority opinion was written by Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eStrode was also a judge in the Corporation Court of Lynchburg (1933-1944). Strode died May 17, 1946 following his retirement from the bench due to poor health.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBiographical notes on Aubrey E. Strode siblings, wives and offspring is described in this subnote.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAubrey E. Strode was the eldest child in his family and had seven siblings, six sisters and one brother. These include: Leslie Strode (1875- ?); Grace Strode (1877-1933); Ida Strode Berry (1878-1963) married Taylor Berry in 1898; Lucille Garland Strode (1882-1954) married William Ralph Smith in 1911; Edith Strode (1882-? ) married Dr. Howard Lilienthal; Mildred Strode Vandegrift (1886-1952); and Dr. Basil E. Strode (1888-1952), who served as a 1st Lt. in the Medical Corp in World War I.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAubrey Ellis Strode married first Rebekah Davies Brown Strode (1874-1922) of Arlington, Virginia, on June 4, 1903, and second, Louisa Hubbard Strode Smith (1896-1989) of Forest, Virginia, in 1923.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eChildren of Aubrey E. Strode and Rebekah Brown Strode include: William Lewis Strode (1904-1906), Mildred Ellis Strode (1906-?) who married William Tucker Battle, Rebekah Elizabeth Strode (1913-1998) who married St. George Tucker Lee in 1936, Aubrey Ellis Strode, Jr. (1908-1970), and John Thompson Brown Strode (1910-1971). Hildreth Hubbard Strode (1926-2016) was the son of Aubrey E. Strode and Louis Hubbard Strode.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"The Amherst Progress\" was described by Strode as a \"democratic, country, weekly newspaper\" with a circulation of between seven and eight hundred subscribers in 1914. The paper was established in 1904 by Stickley Tucker (1879-1912) the editor–in-chief and business manager, and was published until his ill health and death.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biography","Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Aubrey Ellis Strode, an American lawyer and Democratic politician, was born on October 2, 1873, at Amherst, Virginia, to Henry Aubrey Strode (1844-1898) and Mildred Powell Ellis Strode (1854-1898). Strode graduated from Kenmore High School at Amherst, and attended college at the University of Mississippi, Washington and Lee (1891-1892), and studied law at the University of Virginia, 1898-1899. Strode served as the principal of Ridgeway High School, Ridgeway, South Carolina, and Kenmore University High School, Amherst County, Virginia. The house \"Kenmore,\" was a colonial brick home built by Samuel Meredith Garland, whose granddaughter, Mildred Ellis, married Henry Aubrey Strode. Kenmore Farm became a preparatory high school operated by Henry Aubrey Strode between 1872 and 1889, and 1896-1899. Henry Aubrey Strode also served as the first president of Clemson University, 1890-1893. Aubrey Ellis Strode became principal and continued the school for a few years when his father fell ill. ","Upon the death of his parents and being the eldest of the remaining family, Strode decided to study law, passed the bar examination and began practicing law in Amherst County and Lynchburg. His first law partner was Stickley Tucker (1879-1912), the oldest son of Cornelius S. Tucker and Sallie Stickley Tucker.  Aubrey E. Strode and John William Stickley Tucker signed articles of agreement on December 31, 1902, becoming partners in the practice of law, pertaining to the counties of Amherst and Nelson, Virginia under the name of Strode and Tucker, beginning January 1, 1903, with the general office at Amherst Court House. This practice was distinct from the law practice of Aubrey Strode in Lynchburg, Virginia. Later a memorandum of partnership agreement between Aubrey E. Strode and J. Easley Edmunds, Jr. took effect on March 1, 1923 under the firm name of Strode and Edmunds, with Strode as the senior partner.","Strode represented Amherst County and Nelson County in the Virginia Senate, from 1906-1912, and 1916-1920 and was the elector at large in Virginia in 1928. He was an active member of the Democratic Party in Virginia and a popular public speaker supporting Democratic candidates during elections. During World War I, he joined the United States Army serving with the Judge Advocate General Department of the Officers' Reserve Corps. Strode was commissioned April 23, 1918 as Major Judge Advocate and then promoted to Lieutenant Colonel Judge Advocate May 15, 1919. While in service, he was on active duty at Washington, D.C. from May 15, 1918 until January 1919, and from February through August 1919, served with the American Expeditionary Forces at Chaumont and Paris, France. Strode was discharged on August 12, 1919.","Perhaps best known as the lawyer who wrote the statute known as the Virginia Sterilization Act of 1924, Strode was also a long-time legal advisor to the Board of the State Colony for Epileptics and the Feeble-Minded. The Colony was located in Madison Heights near Lynchburg, Virginia, and authorized by a bill written in 1906 by Aubrey Strode in collaboration with Dr. Albert Priddy, who served as the first superintendent, and Joseph DeJarnette, superintendent at Western State Hospital in Staunton, Virginia.","He argued the case of Buck v. Bell before the Supreme Court of the United States in 1927. Carrie Buck was a young woman from Charlottesville who Dr. Priddy petitioned to have sterilized. Priddy died during the litigation and his successor as superintendent of the Virginia State Colony for Epileptics and the Feeble Minded, Dr. John Bell, took up the cause. The Supreme Court upheld the statute instituting compulsory sterilization of the unfit \"for the protection and health of the state\" on May 2, 1927. The Supreme Court majority opinion was written by Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.","Strode was also a judge in the Corporation Court of Lynchburg (1933-1944). Strode died May 17, 1946 following his retirement from the bench due to poor health.","Biographical notes on Aubrey E. Strode siblings, wives and offspring is described in this subnote.","Aubrey E. Strode was the eldest child in his family and had seven siblings, six sisters and one brother. These include: Leslie Strode (1875- ?); Grace Strode (1877-1933); Ida Strode Berry (1878-1963) married Taylor Berry in 1898; Lucille Garland Strode (1882-1954) married William Ralph Smith in 1911; Edith Strode (1882-? ) married Dr. Howard Lilienthal; Mildred Strode Vandegrift (1886-1952); and Dr. Basil E. Strode (1888-1952), who served as a 1st Lt. in the Medical Corp in World War I.","Aubrey Ellis Strode married first Rebekah Davies Brown Strode (1874-1922) of Arlington, Virginia, on June 4, 1903, and second, Louisa Hubbard Strode Smith (1896-1989) of Forest, Virginia, in 1923.","Children of Aubrey E. Strode and Rebekah Brown Strode include: William Lewis Strode (1904-1906), Mildred Ellis Strode (1906-?) who married William Tucker Battle, Rebekah Elizabeth Strode (1913-1998) who married St. George Tucker Lee in 1936, Aubrey Ellis Strode, Jr. (1908-1970), and John Thompson Brown Strode (1910-1971). Hildreth Hubbard Strode (1926-2016) was the son of Aubrey E. Strode and Louis Hubbard Strode.","\"The Amherst Progress\" was described by Strode as a \"democratic, country, weekly newspaper\" with a circulation of between seven and eight hundred subscribers in 1914. The paper was established in 1904 by Stickley Tucker (1879-1912) the editor–in-chief and business manager, and was published until his ill health and death."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMAA 3014, Aubrey E. Strode papers, Albert and Shirely Small Special Collections, University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MAA 3014, Aubrey E. Strode papers, Albert and Shirely Small Special Collections, University of Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis folder has been created by the processor for the convenience of students and other researchers. It was not a file created by Aubrey Strode. It does not claim to be an exhaustive resource for the topic in this collection, but a starting point.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["This folder has been created by the processor for the convenience of students and other researchers. It was not a file created by Aubrey Strode. It does not claim to be an exhaustive resource for the topic in this collection, but a starting point."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee also Frank R. Smith v. C.J. Campbell case.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See also Frank R. Smith v. C.J. Campbell case."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAubrey E. Strode (1861-1969,88 cubic feet) was a Virginia lawyer, state senator and eugenics advocate who drafted the Virginia sterilization law and brought Buck vs. Bell to the Supreme Court. This collection consists of his personal and professional papers concerning his family, law practice, army service, political and legislative activities as a member of the Virginia Senate, the Virginia Democratic Party and the Progressive movement, and as a co-owner of the newspaper, The Amherst Progress. The bulk of the papers consists of the files of the law firms of Strode and Tucker and Strode and Edwards, containing correspondence, court records, trial transcripts, exhibits, estate settlements, debt collections, and various legal documents. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIt also includes some speeches, bills, and correspondence with Edwin A. Alderman in the political and legislative papers in series four concerning the proposal to establish a coordinate Woman's College at the University of Virginia and the budgetary needs of the University of Virginia in the legislature. There are also letters in the family correspondence from his cousin, Dr. Rosalie Slaughter Morton (1876-1968), an American physician and surgeon, concerning her trips abroad and her autobiographical books. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere are three files in this collection entirely concerned with Strode's role in eugenics and sterilization in Virginia and they are: Carrie Buck v. Dr. J.H. Bell, 1925 June 1 (Box 9); State Colony for Epileptics and the Feeble-Minded, 1908, 1920-1922 (Box 42); and Sterilization and Eugenics, 1924-1947 (Box 159). Much of the other material is scattered among his legal practice alphabetical correspondence files, under the last name of correspondents such as William F. Drewry, superintendent of Central State Hospital; Dr. Albert Priddy, first superintendent of the Virginia Colony for Epileptics and the Feebleminded; his successor, Dr. John H. Bell; and Dr. J.S. DeJarnette, superintendent of Western State Hospital or chronologically in the political and legislative series.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOther topics with significant material in these papers include: the American Legion; The Amherst Progress (for additional information about the newspaper and the partnership with Tucker, see Strode's incoming legal practice correspondence files under \"T\" containing letters from Stickly Tucker and Strode's outgoing legal practice correspondence files under \"S\"); Judge Advocate General material; Kenmore High School, Amherst County, Virginia; the Lynchburg Jail; Marshal Lodge Memorial Hospital, where Strode served on the Board of Directors; and political and legislative material. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series consists of files and documents generated by Aubrey Strode's legal practice and are arranged alphabetically by the first name in the legal case or document.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains files of specific cases and are arranged alphabetically by the last name of the client mentioned first in the lawsuit, divorce case, settlement of an estate, etc.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe folder 1917 January includes the composition of a segregation ordinance for the town.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries consists of individual legal document handled by Strode or very small cases without their own file, arranged alphabetically by the last name of the client or the first person mentioned in the document.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDocuments include deeds, documents concerning the sale of the \"Kenmore Farm\" and school property and a memorandum of partnership agreement between Strode and J. Easley Edmunds, Jr., March 30, 1923.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes memoranda from Adrienne Adkerson to Strode concerning office matters, chiefly while Strode was in Richmond attending the General Assembly session (1916).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe correspondence of Strodes first wife, Rebekah Brown Strode, has been included in the Strode family correspondence before their marriage. The correspondence of his second wife, Louisa Dexter Hubbard Strode, before their marriage is included in the Hubbard family correspondence and with the Strode family afterwards, 1924 on.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes several letters from Strode to his family physician, Dr. F. Vooeheis about the general health of his parents and their immediate cause of death, when he was trying to get insurance. Both parents died in hospitals for the insane after health events affected their minds(December 29 and 30, 1902; and January 2, 1903).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes sheet music by Chertsey H. De Jarnette and Dr. J.S. De Jarnette, and a first draft of Strode's obituary by Martin Adams.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMany of these sales were conducted by Aubrey E. Strode as the trustee or commissioner for lands, mills, and other property in Amherst or nearby counties and towns.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes \"Aubrey H. Strode and Confederate Memories\" by Camm Patteson (1840-1909), June 2, 1905.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder includes a letter from Dr. Howard Lilienthal, brother-in-law of Strode, thanking Strode for his sterilization paper, attached to the letter, which Strode had forwarded to him. Dr. Lilienthal gives his own view on  sterilization as a medical man (February 16, 1925).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes arrangements and designs for a monument and stained glass window as a memorial for Henry Aubrey Strode and Mildred Ellis Strode and bids, estimates, and a contract for the construction of a house for Aubrey E. Strode.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eB. W. Landrum account on page 38. Mr. Landrum was a merchant, farmer, and postmaster in New Glasgow, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Aubrey E. Strode (1861-1969,88 cubic feet) was a Virginia lawyer, state senator and eugenics advocate who drafted the Virginia sterilization law and brought Buck vs. Bell to the Supreme Court. This collection consists of his personal and professional papers concerning his family, law practice, army service, political and legislative activities as a member of the Virginia Senate, the Virginia Democratic Party and the Progressive movement, and as a co-owner of the newspaper, The Amherst Progress. The bulk of the papers consists of the files of the law firms of Strode and Tucker and Strode and Edwards, containing correspondence, court records, trial transcripts, exhibits, estate settlements, debt collections, and various legal documents. ","It also includes some speeches, bills, and correspondence with Edwin A. Alderman in the political and legislative papers in series four concerning the proposal to establish a coordinate Woman's College at the University of Virginia and the budgetary needs of the University of Virginia in the legislature. There are also letters in the family correspondence from his cousin, Dr. Rosalie Slaughter Morton (1876-1968), an American physician and surgeon, concerning her trips abroad and her autobiographical books. ","There are three files in this collection entirely concerned with Strode's role in eugenics and sterilization in Virginia and they are: Carrie Buck v. Dr. J.H. Bell, 1925 June 1 (Box 9); State Colony for Epileptics and the Feeble-Minded, 1908, 1920-1922 (Box 42); and Sterilization and Eugenics, 1924-1947 (Box 159). Much of the other material is scattered among his legal practice alphabetical correspondence files, under the last name of correspondents such as William F. Drewry, superintendent of Central State Hospital; Dr. Albert Priddy, first superintendent of the Virginia Colony for Epileptics and the Feebleminded; his successor, Dr. John H. Bell; and Dr. J.S. DeJarnette, superintendent of Western State Hospital or chronologically in the political and legislative series.","Other topics with significant material in these papers include: the American Legion; The Amherst Progress (for additional information about the newspaper and the partnership with Tucker, see Strode's incoming legal practice correspondence files under \"T\" containing letters from Stickly Tucker and Strode's outgoing legal practice correspondence files under \"S\"); Judge Advocate General material; Kenmore High School, Amherst County, Virginia; the Lynchburg Jail; Marshal Lodge Memorial Hospital, where Strode served on the Board of Directors; and political and legislative material. ","This series consists of files and documents generated by Aubrey Strode's legal practice and are arranged alphabetically by the first name in the legal case or document.","This subseries contains files of specific cases and are arranged alphabetically by the last name of the client mentioned first in the lawsuit, divorce case, settlement of an estate, etc.","The folder 1917 January includes the composition of a segregation ordinance for the town.","This subseries consists of individual legal document handled by Strode or very small cases without their own file, arranged alphabetically by the last name of the client or the first person mentioned in the document.","Documents include deeds, documents concerning the sale of the \"Kenmore Farm\" and school property and a memorandum of partnership agreement between Strode and J. Easley Edmunds, Jr., March 30, 1923.","Includes memoranda from Adrienne Adkerson to Strode concerning office matters, chiefly while Strode was in Richmond attending the General Assembly session (1916).","The correspondence of Strodes first wife, Rebekah Brown Strode, has been included in the Strode family correspondence before their marriage. The correspondence of his second wife, Louisa Dexter Hubbard Strode, before their marriage is included in the Hubbard family correspondence and with the Strode family afterwards, 1924 on.","Includes several letters from Strode to his family physician, Dr. F. Vooeheis about the general health of his parents and their immediate cause of death, when he was trying to get insurance. Both parents died in hospitals for the insane after health events affected their minds(December 29 and 30, 1902; and January 2, 1903).","Includes sheet music by Chertsey H. De Jarnette and Dr. J.S. De Jarnette, and a first draft of Strode's obituary by Martin Adams.","Many of these sales were conducted by Aubrey E. Strode as the trustee or commissioner for lands, mills, and other property in Amherst or nearby counties and towns.","Includes \"Aubrey H. Strode and Confederate Memories\" by Camm Patteson (1840-1909), June 2, 1905.","This folder includes a letter from Dr. Howard Lilienthal, brother-in-law of Strode, thanking Strode for his sterilization paper, attached to the letter, which Strode had forwarded to him. Dr. Lilienthal gives his own view on  sterilization as a medical man (February 16, 1925).","Includes arrangements and designs for a monument and stained glass window as a memorial for Henry Aubrey Strode and Mildred Ellis Strode and bids, estimates, and a contract for the construction of a house for Aubrey E. Strode.","B. W. Landrum account on page 38. Mr. Landrum was a merchant, farmer, and postmaster in New Glasgow, Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research use."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Hubbard family","Strode family","Strode, Aubrey Ellis, 1873-1946","Tucker, John William Stickley, 1879-1912","Smith, Louise Dexter Hubbard Strode, 1896-1989"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"names_coll_ssim":["Hubbard family","Strode family","Smith, Louise Dexter Hubbard Strode, 1896-1989"],"famname_ssim":["Hubbard family","Strode family"],"persname_ssim":["Strode, Aubrey Ellis, 1873-1946","Tucker, John William Stickley, 1879-1912","Smith, Louise Dexter Hubbard Strode, 1896-1989"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":889,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:23:27.213Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_617_c01_c01_c432"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_407_c04_c97","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"WSVA Office","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_407_c04_c97#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_407_c04_c97","ref_ssm":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_407_c04_c97"],"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_407_c04_c97","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_407","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_407","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_407_c04","parent_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_407_c04","parent_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_407","vihart_repositories_4_resources_407_c04"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_407","vihart_repositories_4_resources_407_c04"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Blackley Family papers","Photographs"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Blackley Family papers","Photographs"],"text":["Blackley Family papers","Photographs","WSVA Office","box 25","folder 23"],"title_filing_ssi":"WSVA Office","title_ssm":["WSVA Office"],"title_tesim":["WSVA Office"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["undated"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1865/2004"],"normalized_title_ssm":["WSVA Office"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"collection_ssim":["Blackley Family papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":526,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Please contact the Special Collections Reference Desk before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"date_range_isim":[1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004],"containers_ssim":["box 25","folder 23"],"_nest_path_":"/components#3/components#96","timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:22:06.237Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_407","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_407","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_407","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_407","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_407.xml","title_ssm":["Blackley Family papers"],"title_tesim":["Blackley Family papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1830-2020"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1830-2020"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0232","/repositories/4/resources/407"],"text":["SC 0232","/repositories/4/resources/407","Blackley Family papers","Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 19th century","Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 20th century","Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 21st century","Virginia -- Genealogy","Texas -- Genealogy","Texas -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Campaigns","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 20th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 21st century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 21st century","Military training camps -- United States","World War, 1939-1945","Radio stations -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Radio stations -- Virginia -- Staunton","Photography","Travel -- 20th century","Letters (correspondence)","Photographs","Diaries","Scrapbooks","Printed Ephemera","Drafts (documents)","Pamphlets","Brochures","Scripts (documents)","Newspaper clippings","Maps (documents)","Color patches (military patches)","Certificates","Diplomas","Postcards","Family papers","Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Collection is open for research with the exception of one file contained within the correspondence series that is restricted until January 1, 2035 at the request of the donor.","Access to original media, photographic negatives, and slides contained within this collection is restricted; reformatted access copies of these materials may exist, or researchers may request digital access copies be made.","Please contact the Special Collections Reference Desk before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection (library-special@jmu.edu).","File is restricted from research use until January 1, 2035 at the request of the donor.","Access to original photographic negatives contained within this collection is restricted; reformatted access copies of these materials may exist, or researchers may contact library-special@jmu.edu to request reformatted access copies.","Digital images of nineteenth-century correspondence and papers are available upon request.","Duplicates and out of scope materials were returned to the donor.","Duplicates and out of scope materials were returned to the donor.","The collection is arranged in seven series:","Correspondence, 1830-2011 Personal Papers, 1857-2016 Ephemera, 1856-2004 Photographs, circa 1861-1989 Scrapbooks, 1862-1931 2020-0121 Accession, 1930s-2019 2020-0702 Accession, 1882-2020","Murr, Erika, L., ed.,  A Rebel Wife in Texas: The Diary and Letters of Elizabeth Scott Neblett, 1852-1864 . Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2001.","The Blackley Family Papers document the related Scott, Bassett, Blackley, Hoge, and Nix families of mostly Texas and Staunton, Virginia between 1830 and 2016. James Scott (1799-1856) was a Tennessee native and former Mississippi Supreme Court chief justice who married Sarah Lane (1803-1880) and settled in Anderson, Texas. James was a prominent Texas judge who was friends with Davie Crockett. While in Mississippi and Texas, James and Sarah had six children. The eldest, Elizabeth \"Lizzie\" (1833-1917), was born in Mississippi in 1833, Sarah \"Sallie\" (1843-1914), born April 9, 1843 in Texas, and one of their brothers, Garrett (1838-1862), born in 1838, contribute the most to this collection of letters.","Lizzie married William H. Neblett (1826-1871), a farmer and attorney, in 1852. He eventually left her to go fight for the Confederacy. Her domestic struggle on the home front during the Civil War is the subject of Erika L. Murr's book, A Rebel Wife in Texas: The Diary and Letters of Elizabeth Scott Neblett, 1852-1864 (2001).","In 1862, Sallie married Robert Houston \"R.H.\" Bassett (1836-1870). R.H. went on to enlist and serve in the famed Hood's Texas Brigade from 1861 to his wounding in 1864. He worked briefly as the adjutant general to Major General John Bell. While leading the regiment, he was wounded at the Battle of Chickamauga by an artillery shell fragment that lodged in his shoulder. This would effectively end his role in the war. Following the conclusion of the conflict and his recovery from the wound, R.H. tried his hand at politics in a bid to represent Grimes County, Texas in Congress. Their first child, Robert, died tragically in 1864 at only eight months old. R.H. died in 1870 because of health complications that appear related to edema.","R.H.'s brother, Noah (1839-1886), also served in the Texas Brigade. The correspondence between R.H., Sallie, and Noah provides a lucid account of the Army of Northern Virginia's major campaigns and operations, including developments related to the Battles of Antietam, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, and Chickamauga.","Garrett Scott, Sallie Scott's brother, died in action at the Battle of Antietam September 17, 1862 while serving in the Texas Brigade. His letters from the early years of the war offer yet another perspective of campaign and camp life.","R.H. and Sallie's daughter, Barbara \"Belle\" Bassett (1865-1958), married William Mason Blackley (1863-1898) in 1884 and lived in Staunton, Virginia before moving to Washington, D.C. Research suggests they only had one child, Belle Blackley (1890-1967), whom never married and lived out her life in Washington, D.C. However, an 1888 letter contained in this collection written by Ida Carter, the Blackley's \"Black Mamy,\" is addressed to a Col. Bassett Blackley, in care of W. M. Blackley. Carter begins the letter \"Dear Little Bassett.\" This letter seems to suggest that the Blackleys did in fact have another child, Bassett Blackley, prior to Belle. If that is the case, Bassett Blackley may have died in childhood.","The bulk of the twentieth-century material was created by or concerns William Mason Blackley's nephew, Charles \"Chas\" Phillips Blackley Sr. (1909-1999), his wife Catherine Matthews Blackley (1914-2010), and their son and daughter-in-law Charles \"Chuck\" Phillips Blackley (b. 1951) and Patricia Fry Blackley (b. 1952).","Charles \"Chas\" Phillips Blackley Sr. was born in Staunton, Virginia in 1909. His parents died from the Spanish Flu when he was 10. Their deaths required Chas and his sister Mary Gilkeson Blackley to move in with their aunt, Fannie Blackley Cushing in Staunton. These materials cover his travels throughout the Pacific and Asia aboard a \"tramp steamer\" with boyhood friend, George Earman in 1930, his 1927-1929 military training in the little discussed Citizens Military Training Camps (CMTC), time at the Virginia Military Institute (VMI), his 1934 travels in Europe, World War II military service, and ownership and operation of WSVA, the first radio station in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Chas sold his share in WSVA and moved to Staunton, Virginia where he started the WTON radio station. Beyond his official jobs, Chas spent much of the early 1930s as an amateur playwright and author. Chas and Catherine Matthews were married in 1938.","While traveling Europe via train in 1934, Chas met David Kahn, a young Presbyterian judge of Indian descent. They would become lifelong friends. Mr. Kahn went on to become a governor of an Indian province under British rule and later head the Department of Sanitation for Calcutta. He and his wife visited their children, who had moved to the United States, and Mr. and Mrs. Blackley often until his health would not allow it. Evidence of their lifelong friendship can be found most clearly in this collection's correspondence and photographs.","Chas' WWII experience saw him drafted at age 35 and shipped to Camp Crowder, Missouri for training. He would eventually be transferred to Washington, D.C. where he worked as a private in the basement of the Pentagon. According this son, his superiors frequently called him upstairs to request autographed photos of American Broadcasting Company (ABC) celebrities. He was able to oblige them because of WSVA's status as an ABC affiliate.","Catherine Matthews Blackley was originally from Cambridge, Maryland and came to the Shenandoah Valley to attend the State Teacher's College at Harrisonburg (now James Madison University). She graduated in 1935 with a degree in home economics. For a short time she taught in Norfolk, Virginia before marrying Chas Blackley in 1938 and buying a home on Port Republic Road in Harrisonburg. After Chas was drafted and shipped to Camp Crowder, Mrs. Blackley traveled to Neosho, Missouri to be with her husband. While in Missouri, she volunteered with the Red Cross to help care for wounded soldiers. She continued this service after Mr. Blackley was transferred to Washington, D.C. After the war, they returned to the Valley and Catherine became a member of the Staunton School Board and was very active in volunteer work.","Charles \"Chuck\" Phillips Blackley Jr. was a professional engineer and graduate of Virginia Tech. He provided services in Virginia, West Virginia, and Maryland. Chuck married Patricia Fry in 1971. At the time he sold his office it was the largest engineering company in the region outside of Richmond, Roanoke, and Northern Virginia.","Patricia Fry Blackley graduated from James Madison University in 1987 and became a licensed real estate appraiser. After Chuck stepped away from his engineering office he teamed up with his wife and the couple became full-time photographers and writers. Their work can be found in hundreds of magazines, books, and calendars.","The collection as a whole required only limited preservation treatment. Some of the correspondence and papers did require Mylar sleeves. The 3D objects are housed together in one box with special housings created to protect them long-term. Most of the nineteenth-century letters required flattening to make them more accessible and to allow for proper digitization as per the donor agreement. Also, many of the diplomas and older photographs were removed from their frames for proper storage. Original order of materials was maintained wherever possible, taking into account provenance, storage needs, and accessibility for researchers.","Photographs and cabinet cards were removed from a leather photo album with \"Fannie S. Blackley Session 1881-'82\" embossed on the front cover. Some of the cabinet cards were identified with a Post-It note. Those identifications were written in pencil on the back of the cabinet cards. The photo album was not retained due to significant condition issues.","Charles C. Phillips Civil War Papers. MS 0327. Virginia Military Institute Archives.","Murr, Erika, L., ed.,  A Rebel Wife in Texas: The Diary and Letters of Elizabeth Scott Neblett, 1852-1864 . Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2001.","Lizzie Scott Neblett Papers, 1848-1935, Dolph Briscoe Center for American History, The University of Texas at Austin.","Yourself and family are invited to attend the feast of Mondamin corn festival . n.p.: Staunton, Va.: J. Harry Drechsler, pr., [1890], 1890. JAMES MADISON UNIV's Catalog, EBSCOhost (accessed May 2, 2017).","The Blackley Family Papers, 1830-2020, consists of hundreds of letters that span from 1830 to 2011; diaries; official United States, Confederate, and Texas documents; literary works; newspaper clippings; postcards; ephemera; and photographs. These papers document the related Scott, Bassett, Blackley, Hoge, Matthews, and Nix families of Texas and Staunton, Virginia.","Series 1: Correspondence, 1830-2011, is comprised of more than 300 individual letters. The majority of the earlier ones involve Sarah \"Sallie\" Scott Bassett and/or her husband R.H. Bassett. Together their combined correspondence comprises eight folders and spans the years 1850-1913.","These letters cover the years of the American Civil War and shed light on how the conflict affected their lives. In addition to letters from Captain R.H. Bassett, there are dozens of notes written home to Sallie from her brother Garrett Scott, brother-in-law Noah Bassett, and her cousin John Nix. All of these men spent time serving in the 4th Texas Regiment of the famed Texas Brigade. While their letters contain minimal military focused discussions, they do highlight camp life, personal struggles of being separated from each other, personal and public incidents, and family news. The military discussion is really limited to mention of the dead and wounded from battles and engagements. However, R.H. does write a letter to Sallie as he arrives on the battlefield at Gettysburg. He expresses excitement to build off the Confederates successes that afternoon. Battles and engagements discussed include Antietam (September 17, 1862), Chancellorsville (April 30 to May 6, 1863), Gettysburg (July 1-3, 1863), and Chickamauga (September 18–20, 1863).","Lizzie Scott Neblett was the older sister of Sallie Bassett and many letters between the sisters not previously examined, both before and after the American Civil War, can be found within this collection. Their letters shed light on relationship struggles, farm life, local news, and family connections.","While few in number, the surviving letters of Lizzie and Sallie's father, James Scott, provide significant insight into Texas prior to its in 1846. In the first, James writes his wife, Sarah, from the convention in Austin, Texas, where the debates about joining the United States were taking place. He offers few specifics as \"Nothing in which you would take any interest has occurred here and therefore I will not say anything about the proceedings…\" In second of these letters, James is writing to a Colonel B. Rush Wallace and gets far more political in discussion and tone. He talks at length about concern over the merits of becoming Whig or Democrat once they are thrust into the existing political climate of their new nation.","Of particular interest is an 1888 letter written by Ida Carter, presumably William M. and Belle Bassett Blackley's \"Black Mamy,\" is addressed to a Col. Bassett Blackley, in care of W. M. Blackley. Carter begins the letter \"Dear Little Bassett.\" This letter seems to suggest that the Blackleys did in fact have another child, Bassett Blackley, prior to Belle. If that is the case, Bassett Blackley may have died in childhood.","Of the twentieth-century correspondence, most of it was sent or received by Chas Blackley. While his letters span most of the century, the bulk are centered between the years 1930-1944. The letters that Chas Blackley wrote while visiting Europe in 1934 are of particular interest due to the changing political climate with the rise of the Nazis in Germany. Through his correspondence, diaries, and photographs there is an opportunity to see an American view of this transformative time. In one letter to his sister, Mary, dated August 21, Chas Blackley writes of the hanging of Nazis in Vienna, Austria for a failed coup that took place mere weeks before his arrival and that it \"has retarded history making considerably.\" He also spoke of the  Heimwehr , the home guard, patrolling the streets with their rifles and \"keeping a sharp to windward.\"","Series 2: Personal Papers, 1857-2015, is comprised of personal papers, diaries, and other documents that highlight the careers and interests of the family members. R.H. Bassett's papers include Confederate government and military documents pertaining to promotions, recruitment, and resignation.","Another unique piece of this collection from the early period is the Belle Bassett Diary, 1873-1879, which offers a glimpse of the post-war years for a child growing up in the South.","Chas Blackley, in addition to his letters from the trip to Europe, also kept a diary of his experiences. This diary covers the personal and public incidents of his travels.","More information about individual members of family is available here in the form of detailed histories of specific family lines (Blackley, Bassett, Hoge, etc.), through family trees, and biographical information.","Other items of note from Chas Blackley are the many manuscripts of novels and plays that he wrote in the early-to-mid 1930s.","Series 3: Ephemera, 1856-2004, houses many unique items such as hundreds of stamps (U.S., Confederate, and international), brochures, certificates, awards, diplomas, and pamphlets from events such as the 1932 Los Angeles Olympics and the 1933 World's Fair in Chicago, and dance cards. The aforementioned diplomas and certificates document the Blackley family's achievements and graduations from various schools and universities, including the University of Virginia, the State Teacher's College at Harrisonburg, and Virginia Tech. Many of the manuals and booklets used in Chas' various military training can be found in this series.","There are also newspaper clippings that share stories directly related to family members or address significant events of the time. These include awards won by the family, news about new jobs or graduations, historic events like D-Day, and John F. Kennedy's assassination.","One of the more locally relevant pieces is a pamphlet entitled \"Dedication of the Shenandoah National Park\" (1936). It lists the planned dedication speech from President Franklin D. Roosevelt given at Big Meadows as the key event.","This series also includes one oversize box of 3D ephemeral objects. Objects of interest include a Kodak No. 2 Folding Autographic Brownie camera (1917-1926) owned by Chas Blackley and inscribed with the names of Blackley and the SS  Gertrude Kellogg , Dr. Charles Coatesworth Phillips' small leather medicine case with glass bottles that he took on house calls, several pairs of glasses, a glass plate photograph of Susie E. Phillips, and assorted World's Fair ephemera.","Stored separately are multiple flags that are likely from Chas' 1930 voyage in the Pacific. There is a large and small Japanese flag, a small Chinese [pre-communist revolution] flag, and a small Philippine national flag. An additional flag dates to WWI and features the United States flag surrounded by smaller flags of all our allies from that conflict.","Series 4, Photographs, circa 1861-1989, includes photographic prints, negatives, and slides that document the Scott, Bassett, Blackley, Hoge, Matthews, and Nix families of Texas and Staunton, Virginia. Files are arranged chronologically and undated groupings of images are listed alphabetically at the end of the series. Files are labeled to reflect the subject of the photos; original arrangement and description of people and places as received from the donor was maintained whenever possible. Some photographs contain identifying text written on the back of the image, though many photos are unidentified. ","Photographs within this series document Chas Blackley's trips to Asia and the Pacific in 1930 as well as his journey through Europe in 1934. Other photographs document the Civilian Military Training Camp (CMTC) experience at Ft. Eustis, Virginia, from 1928.","Photographs created by or picturing Catherine Matthews Blackley contain images of campus and student life at the State Teacher's College at Harrisonburg (now JMU) dating from the early 1930s.","Series 5: Scrapbooks, 1862-1931, is comprised of one scrapbook created by R.H. Bassett, and three scrapbooks created by Chas Blackley. The scrapbook created by R.H. Bassett dates from 1862-1869 and contains mostly newspaper clippings related to Bassett's work in local and state politics in Grimes County, Texas, after a wound at the Battle of Chickamauga in 1864 ended his role in the American Civil War. \nThe three remaining scrapbooks were created by Chas Blackley, and document aspects of his life in the years between 1928-1931. The CTMC and VMI scrapbook documents Chas Blackley's military training at the Citizen's Military Training Camp (CTMC) from 1927-1929 as well as his time enrolled at the Virginia Military Institute (VMI). Two scrapbooks document Chas Blackley's 1930 travels with childhood friend  George Earman throughout the Pacific and multiple Asian nations aboard the steamer SS  Gertrude Kellogg .","The series largely documents Chas Blackley's involvement with radio stations WSVA and WTON and comprises photographs, correspondence, and printed ephemera. A file concerning Susan Blackley, Chas Blackley's daughter, is included and relate to her work as the horticulturalist for the city of Staunton. Photographs document Susan's time as a bartender at H.A. Winston's in Wilmington, Delaware.","Includes newspaper clippings covering Susan's work as a horticulturist for Staunton as well as photographs of Susan as a bartender at H.A. Winston's in Wilmington, Delaware.","Includes negatives.","Includes negatives.","Comprises papers and photographs related to the immediate and extended Blackley family. Materials also concern the Fry and Matthews families.","Materials related to Eugene Fry, father of Patricia Fry Blackley.","All published monographs have been cataloged individually and placed in Special Collections' rare book collection. Catherine Matthews Blackley's  Schooma'am  yearbooks were removed and housed with the yearbook collection. They are retained due to heavy annotations.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Blackley Family Papers, 1830-2020, consists of hundreds of letters that span from 1830 to 2011; diaries; official United States, Confederate, and Texas documents; literary works; newspaper clippings; postcards; ephemera; and photographs. These papers document the related Scott, Bassett, Blackley, Hoge, Matthews, and Nix families of Texas and Staunton, Virginia.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","United States. War Department. Citizens' Military Training Camps","Virginia Military Institute -- Students","Confederate States of America. Army. Texas Brigade","Virginia Polytechnic Institute -- Students","WTON (Radio station : Staunton, Va.)","WSVA (Radio station : Harrisonburg, Va.)","Blackley family","Blackley, Chuck","Blackley, Charles Phillips, Sr., 1909-1999","Blackley, Pat","Harvey, Paul, 1918-2009","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0232","/repositories/4/resources/407"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Blackley Family papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Blackley Family papers"],"collection_ssim":["Blackley Family papers"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 19th century","Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 20th century","Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 21st century","Virginia -- Genealogy","Texas -- Genealogy","Texas -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Campaigns","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 20th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 21st century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 21st century"],"geogname_ssim":["Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 19th century","Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 20th century","Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 21st century","Virginia -- Genealogy","Texas -- Genealogy","Texas -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Campaigns","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 20th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 21st century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 21st century"],"creator_ssm":["Blackley family","Blackley, Chuck","Blackley, Charles Phillips, Sr., 1909-1999"],"creator_ssim":["Blackley family","Blackley, Chuck","Blackley, Charles Phillips, Sr., 1909-1999"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Blackley, Chuck","Blackley, Charles Phillips, Sr., 1909-1999"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Blackley family"],"creators_ssim":["Blackley, Chuck","Blackley, Charles Phillips, Sr., 1909-1999","Blackley family"],"places_ssim":["Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 19th century","Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 20th century","Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 21st century","Virginia -- Genealogy","Texas -- Genealogy","Texas -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Campaigns","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 20th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 21st century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 21st century"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Charles P. Blackley Jr. of Staunton, Virginia donated this material in various accretions between 2015-2020."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Military training camps -- United States","World War, 1939-1945","Radio stations -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Radio stations -- Virginia -- Staunton","Photography","Travel -- 20th century","Letters (correspondence)","Photographs","Diaries","Scrapbooks","Printed Ephemera","Drafts (documents)","Pamphlets","Brochures","Scripts (documents)","Newspaper clippings","Maps (documents)","Color patches (military patches)","Certificates","Diplomas","Postcards","Family papers"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Military training camps -- United States","World War, 1939-1945","Radio stations -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Radio stations -- Virginia -- Staunton","Photography","Travel -- 20th century","Letters (correspondence)","Photographs","Diaries","Scrapbooks","Printed Ephemera","Drafts (documents)","Pamphlets","Brochures","Scripts (documents)","Newspaper clippings","Maps (documents)","Color patches (military patches)","Certificates","Diplomas","Postcards","Family papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["14.37 cubic feet 30 boxes, 2 flat folders"],"extent_tesim":["14.37 cubic feet 30 boxes, 2 flat folders"],"genreform_ssim":["Letters (correspondence)","Photographs","Diaries","Scrapbooks","Printed Ephemera","Drafts (documents)","Pamphlets","Brochures","Scripts (documents)","Newspaper clippings","Maps (documents)","Color patches (military patches)","Certificates","Diplomas","Postcards","Family papers"],"date_range_isim":[1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Collection is open for research with the exception of one file contained within the correspondence series that is restricted until January 1, 2035 at the request of the donor.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccess to original media, photographic negatives, and slides contained within this collection is restricted; reformatted access copies of these materials may exist, or researchers may request digital access copies be made.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePlease contact the Special Collections Reference Desk before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFile is restricted from research use until January 1, 2035 at the request of the donor.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccess to original photographic negatives contained within this collection is restricted; reformatted access copies of these materials may exist, or researchers may contact library-special@jmu.edu to request reformatted access copies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access","","","Conditions Governing Access","Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Collection is open for research with the exception of one file contained within the correspondence series that is restricted until January 1, 2035 at the request of the donor.","Access to original media, photographic negatives, and slides contained within this collection is restricted; reformatted access copies of these materials may exist, or researchers may request digital access copies be made.","Please contact the Special Collections Reference Desk before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection (library-special@jmu.edu).","File is restricted from research use until January 1, 2035 at the request of the donor.","Access to original photographic negatives contained within this collection is restricted; reformatted access copies of these materials may exist, or researchers may contact library-special@jmu.edu to request reformatted access copies."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDigital images of nineteenth-century correspondence and papers are available upon request.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Other Formats Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["Digital images of nineteenth-century correspondence and papers are available upon request."],"appraisal_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDuplicates and out of scope materials were returned to the donor.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuplicates and out of scope materials were returned to the donor.\u003c/p\u003e"],"appraisal_heading_ssm":["Appraisal","Appraisal"],"appraisal_tesim":["Duplicates and out of scope materials were returned to the donor.","Duplicates and out of scope materials were returned to the donor."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in seven series:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eCorrespondence, 1830-2011\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePersonal Papers, 1857-2016\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eEphemera, 1856-2004\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePhotographs, circa 1861-1989\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eScrapbooks, 1862-1931\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e2020-0121 Accession, 1930s-2019\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e2020-0702 Accession, 1882-2020\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in seven series:","Correspondence, 1830-2011 Personal Papers, 1857-2016 Ephemera, 1856-2004 Photographs, circa 1861-1989 Scrapbooks, 1862-1931 2020-0121 Accession, 1930s-2019 2020-0702 Accession, 1882-2020"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eMurr, Erika, L., ed., \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eA Rebel Wife in Texas: The Diary and Letters of Elizabeth Scott Neblett, 1852-1864\u003c/emph\u003e. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2001.\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Murr, Erika, L., ed.,  A Rebel Wife in Texas: The Diary and Letters of Elizabeth Scott Neblett, 1852-1864 . Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2001."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Blackley Family Papers document the related Scott, Bassett, Blackley, Hoge, and Nix families of mostly Texas and Staunton, Virginia between 1830 and 2016. James Scott (1799-1856) was a Tennessee native and former Mississippi Supreme Court chief justice who married Sarah Lane (1803-1880) and settled in Anderson, Texas. James was a prominent Texas judge who was friends with Davie Crockett. While in Mississippi and Texas, James and Sarah had six children. The eldest, Elizabeth \"Lizzie\" (1833-1917), was born in Mississippi in 1833, Sarah \"Sallie\" (1843-1914), born April 9, 1843 in Texas, and one of their brothers, Garrett (1838-1862), born in 1838, contribute the most to this collection of letters.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLizzie married William H. Neblett (1826-1871), a farmer and attorney, in 1852. He eventually left her to go fight for the Confederacy. Her domestic struggle on the home front during the Civil War is the subject of Erika L. Murr's book, A Rebel Wife in Texas: The Diary and Letters of Elizabeth Scott Neblett, 1852-1864 (2001).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1862, Sallie married Robert Houston \"R.H.\" Bassett (1836-1870). R.H. went on to enlist and serve in the famed Hood's Texas Brigade from 1861 to his wounding in 1864. He worked briefly as the adjutant general to Major General John Bell. While leading the regiment, he was wounded at the Battle of Chickamauga by an artillery shell fragment that lodged in his shoulder. This would effectively end his role in the war. Following the conclusion of the conflict and his recovery from the wound, R.H. tried his hand at politics in a bid to represent Grimes County, Texas in Congress. Their first child, Robert, died tragically in 1864 at only eight months old. R.H. died in 1870 because of health complications that appear related to edema.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eR.H.'s brother, Noah (1839-1886), also served in the Texas Brigade. The correspondence between R.H., Sallie, and Noah provides a lucid account of the Army of Northern Virginia's major campaigns and operations, including developments related to the Battles of Antietam, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, and Chickamauga.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGarrett Scott, Sallie Scott's brother, died in action at the Battle of Antietam September 17, 1862 while serving in the Texas Brigade. His letters from the early years of the war offer yet another perspective of campaign and camp life.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eR.H. and Sallie's daughter, Barbara \"Belle\" Bassett (1865-1958), married William Mason Blackley (1863-1898) in 1884 and lived in Staunton, Virginia before moving to Washington, D.C. Research suggests they only had one child, Belle Blackley (1890-1967), whom never married and lived out her life in Washington, D.C. However, an 1888 letter contained in this collection written by Ida Carter, the Blackley's \"Black Mamy,\" is addressed to a Col. Bassett Blackley, in care of W. M. Blackley. Carter begins the letter \"Dear Little Bassett.\" This letter seems to suggest that the Blackleys did in fact have another child, Bassett Blackley, prior to Belle. If that is the case, Bassett Blackley may have died in childhood.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the twentieth-century material was created by or concerns William Mason Blackley's nephew, Charles \"Chas\" Phillips Blackley Sr. (1909-1999), his wife Catherine Matthews Blackley (1914-2010), and their son and daughter-in-law Charles \"Chuck\" Phillips Blackley (b. 1951) and Patricia Fry Blackley (b. 1952).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCharles \"Chas\" Phillips Blackley Sr. was born in Staunton, Virginia in 1909. His parents died from the Spanish Flu when he was 10. Their deaths required Chas and his sister Mary Gilkeson Blackley to move in with their aunt, Fannie Blackley Cushing in Staunton. These materials cover his travels throughout the Pacific and Asia aboard a \"tramp steamer\" with boyhood friend, George Earman in 1930, his 1927-1929 military training in the little discussed Citizens Military Training Camps (CMTC), time at the Virginia Military Institute (VMI), his 1934 travels in Europe, World War II military service, and ownership and operation of WSVA, the first radio station in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Chas sold his share in WSVA and moved to Staunton, Virginia where he started the WTON radio station. Beyond his official jobs, Chas spent much of the early 1930s as an amateur playwright and author. Chas and Catherine Matthews were married in 1938.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhile traveling Europe via train in 1934, Chas met David Kahn, a young Presbyterian judge of Indian descent. They would become lifelong friends. Mr. Kahn went on to become a governor of an Indian province under British rule and later head the Department of Sanitation for Calcutta. He and his wife visited their children, who had moved to the United States, and Mr. and Mrs. Blackley often until his health would not allow it. Evidence of their lifelong friendship can be found most clearly in this collection's correspondence and photographs.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eChas' WWII experience saw him drafted at age 35 and shipped to Camp Crowder, Missouri for training. He would eventually be transferred to Washington, D.C. where he worked as a private in the basement of the Pentagon. According this son, his superiors frequently called him upstairs to request autographed photos of American Broadcasting Company (ABC) celebrities. He was able to oblige them because of WSVA's status as an ABC affiliate.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCatherine Matthews Blackley was originally from Cambridge, Maryland and came to the Shenandoah Valley to attend the State Teacher's College at Harrisonburg (now James Madison University). She graduated in 1935 with a degree in home economics. For a short time she taught in Norfolk, Virginia before marrying Chas Blackley in 1938 and buying a home on Port Republic Road in Harrisonburg. After Chas was drafted and shipped to Camp Crowder, Mrs. Blackley traveled to Neosho, Missouri to be with her husband. While in Missouri, she volunteered with the Red Cross to help care for wounded soldiers. She continued this service after Mr. Blackley was transferred to Washington, D.C. After the war, they returned to the Valley and Catherine became a member of the Staunton School Board and was very active in volunteer work.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCharles \"Chuck\" Phillips Blackley Jr. was a professional engineer and graduate of Virginia Tech. He provided services in Virginia, West Virginia, and Maryland. Chuck married Patricia Fry in 1971. At the time he sold his office it was the largest engineering company in the region outside of Richmond, Roanoke, and Northern Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePatricia Fry Blackley graduated from James Madison University in 1987 and became a licensed real estate appraiser. After Chuck stepped away from his engineering office he teamed up with his wife and the couple became full-time photographers and writers. Their work can be found in hundreds of magazines, books, and calendars.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Blackley Family Papers document the related Scott, Bassett, Blackley, Hoge, and Nix families of mostly Texas and Staunton, Virginia between 1830 and 2016. James Scott (1799-1856) was a Tennessee native and former Mississippi Supreme Court chief justice who married Sarah Lane (1803-1880) and settled in Anderson, Texas. James was a prominent Texas judge who was friends with Davie Crockett. While in Mississippi and Texas, James and Sarah had six children. The eldest, Elizabeth \"Lizzie\" (1833-1917), was born in Mississippi in 1833, Sarah \"Sallie\" (1843-1914), born April 9, 1843 in Texas, and one of their brothers, Garrett (1838-1862), born in 1838, contribute the most to this collection of letters.","Lizzie married William H. Neblett (1826-1871), a farmer and attorney, in 1852. He eventually left her to go fight for the Confederacy. Her domestic struggle on the home front during the Civil War is the subject of Erika L. Murr's book, A Rebel Wife in Texas: The Diary and Letters of Elizabeth Scott Neblett, 1852-1864 (2001).","In 1862, Sallie married Robert Houston \"R.H.\" Bassett (1836-1870). R.H. went on to enlist and serve in the famed Hood's Texas Brigade from 1861 to his wounding in 1864. He worked briefly as the adjutant general to Major General John Bell. While leading the regiment, he was wounded at the Battle of Chickamauga by an artillery shell fragment that lodged in his shoulder. This would effectively end his role in the war. Following the conclusion of the conflict and his recovery from the wound, R.H. tried his hand at politics in a bid to represent Grimes County, Texas in Congress. Their first child, Robert, died tragically in 1864 at only eight months old. R.H. died in 1870 because of health complications that appear related to edema.","R.H.'s brother, Noah (1839-1886), also served in the Texas Brigade. The correspondence between R.H., Sallie, and Noah provides a lucid account of the Army of Northern Virginia's major campaigns and operations, including developments related to the Battles of Antietam, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, and Chickamauga.","Garrett Scott, Sallie Scott's brother, died in action at the Battle of Antietam September 17, 1862 while serving in the Texas Brigade. His letters from the early years of the war offer yet another perspective of campaign and camp life.","R.H. and Sallie's daughter, Barbara \"Belle\" Bassett (1865-1958), married William Mason Blackley (1863-1898) in 1884 and lived in Staunton, Virginia before moving to Washington, D.C. Research suggests they only had one child, Belle Blackley (1890-1967), whom never married and lived out her life in Washington, D.C. However, an 1888 letter contained in this collection written by Ida Carter, the Blackley's \"Black Mamy,\" is addressed to a Col. Bassett Blackley, in care of W. M. Blackley. Carter begins the letter \"Dear Little Bassett.\" This letter seems to suggest that the Blackleys did in fact have another child, Bassett Blackley, prior to Belle. If that is the case, Bassett Blackley may have died in childhood.","The bulk of the twentieth-century material was created by or concerns William Mason Blackley's nephew, Charles \"Chas\" Phillips Blackley Sr. (1909-1999), his wife Catherine Matthews Blackley (1914-2010), and their son and daughter-in-law Charles \"Chuck\" Phillips Blackley (b. 1951) and Patricia Fry Blackley (b. 1952).","Charles \"Chas\" Phillips Blackley Sr. was born in Staunton, Virginia in 1909. His parents died from the Spanish Flu when he was 10. Their deaths required Chas and his sister Mary Gilkeson Blackley to move in with their aunt, Fannie Blackley Cushing in Staunton. These materials cover his travels throughout the Pacific and Asia aboard a \"tramp steamer\" with boyhood friend, George Earman in 1930, his 1927-1929 military training in the little discussed Citizens Military Training Camps (CMTC), time at the Virginia Military Institute (VMI), his 1934 travels in Europe, World War II military service, and ownership and operation of WSVA, the first radio station in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Chas sold his share in WSVA and moved to Staunton, Virginia where he started the WTON radio station. Beyond his official jobs, Chas spent much of the early 1930s as an amateur playwright and author. Chas and Catherine Matthews were married in 1938.","While traveling Europe via train in 1934, Chas met David Kahn, a young Presbyterian judge of Indian descent. They would become lifelong friends. Mr. Kahn went on to become a governor of an Indian province under British rule and later head the Department of Sanitation for Calcutta. He and his wife visited their children, who had moved to the United States, and Mr. and Mrs. Blackley often until his health would not allow it. Evidence of their lifelong friendship can be found most clearly in this collection's correspondence and photographs.","Chas' WWII experience saw him drafted at age 35 and shipped to Camp Crowder, Missouri for training. He would eventually be transferred to Washington, D.C. where he worked as a private in the basement of the Pentagon. According this son, his superiors frequently called him upstairs to request autographed photos of American Broadcasting Company (ABC) celebrities. He was able to oblige them because of WSVA's status as an ABC affiliate.","Catherine Matthews Blackley was originally from Cambridge, Maryland and came to the Shenandoah Valley to attend the State Teacher's College at Harrisonburg (now James Madison University). She graduated in 1935 with a degree in home economics. For a short time she taught in Norfolk, Virginia before marrying Chas Blackley in 1938 and buying a home on Port Republic Road in Harrisonburg. After Chas was drafted and shipped to Camp Crowder, Mrs. Blackley traveled to Neosho, Missouri to be with her husband. While in Missouri, she volunteered with the Red Cross to help care for wounded soldiers. She continued this service after Mr. Blackley was transferred to Washington, D.C. After the war, they returned to the Valley and Catherine became a member of the Staunton School Board and was very active in volunteer work.","Charles \"Chuck\" Phillips Blackley Jr. was a professional engineer and graduate of Virginia Tech. He provided services in Virginia, West Virginia, and Maryland. Chuck married Patricia Fry in 1971. At the time he sold his office it was the largest engineering company in the region outside of Richmond, Roanoke, and Northern Virginia.","Patricia Fry Blackley graduated from James Madison University in 1987 and became a licensed real estate appraiser. After Chuck stepped away from his engineering office he teamed up with his wife and the couple became full-time photographers and writers. Their work can be found in hundreds of magazines, books, and calendars."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Blackley Family Papers, 1830-2020, SC 0232, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Blackley Family Papers, 1830-2020, SC 0232, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection as a whole required only limited preservation treatment. Some of the correspondence and papers did require Mylar sleeves. The 3D objects are housed together in one box with special housings created to protect them long-term. Most of the nineteenth-century letters required flattening to make them more accessible and to allow for proper digitization as per the donor agreement. Also, many of the diplomas and older photographs were removed from their frames for proper storage. Original order of materials was maintained wherever possible, taking into account provenance, storage needs, and accessibility for researchers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs and cabinet cards were removed from a leather photo album with \"Fannie S. Blackley Session 1881-'82\" embossed on the front cover. Some of the cabinet cards were identified with a Post-It note. Those identifications were written in pencil on the back of the cabinet cards. The photo album was not retained due to significant condition issues.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information","Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The collection as a whole required only limited preservation treatment. Some of the correspondence and papers did require Mylar sleeves. The 3D objects are housed together in one box with special housings created to protect them long-term. Most of the nineteenth-century letters required flattening to make them more accessible and to allow for proper digitization as per the donor agreement. Also, many of the diplomas and older photographs were removed from their frames for proper storage. Original order of materials was maintained wherever possible, taking into account provenance, storage needs, and accessibility for researchers.","Photographs and cabinet cards were removed from a leather photo album with \"Fannie S. Blackley Session 1881-'82\" embossed on the front cover. Some of the cabinet cards were identified with a Post-It note. Those identifications were written in pencil on the back of the cabinet cards. The photo album was not retained due to significant condition issues."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cextref type=\"simple\" actuate=\"onRequest\" show=\"new\" href=\"http://archivesspace.vmi.edu/repositories/3/resources/780\"\u003eCharles C. Phillips Civil War Papers. MS 0327. Virginia Military Institute Archives.\u003c/extref\u003e  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMurr, Erika, L., ed., \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eA Rebel Wife in Texas: The Diary and Letters of Elizabeth Scott Neblett, 1852-1864\u003c/emph\u003e. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2001.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cextref type=\"simple\" actuate=\"onRequest\" show=\"new\" href=\"http://www.lib.utexas.edu/taro/utcah/00426/cah-00426.html\"\u003eLizzie Scott Neblett Papers, 1848-1935, Dolph Briscoe Center for American History, The University of Texas at Austin.\u003c/extref\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eYourself and family are invited to attend the feast of Mondamin corn festival\u003c/emph\u003e. n.p.: Staunton, Va.: J. Harry Drechsler, pr., [1890], 1890. JAMES MADISON UNIV's Catalog, EBSCOhost (accessed May 2, 2017).\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Charles C. Phillips Civil War Papers. MS 0327. Virginia Military Institute Archives.","Murr, Erika, L., ed.,  A Rebel Wife in Texas: The Diary and Letters of Elizabeth Scott Neblett, 1852-1864 . Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2001.","Lizzie Scott Neblett Papers, 1848-1935, Dolph Briscoe Center for American History, The University of Texas at Austin.","Yourself and family are invited to attend the feast of Mondamin corn festival . n.p.: Staunton, Va.: J. Harry Drechsler, pr., [1890], 1890. JAMES MADISON UNIV's Catalog, EBSCOhost (accessed May 2, 2017)."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Blackley Family Papers, 1830-2020, consists of hundreds of letters that span from 1830 to 2011; diaries; official United States, Confederate, and Texas documents; literary works; newspaper clippings; postcards; ephemera; and photographs. These papers document the related Scott, Bassett, Blackley, Hoge, Matthews, and Nix families of Texas and Staunton, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Correspondence, 1830-2011, is comprised of more than 300 individual letters. The majority of the earlier ones involve Sarah \"Sallie\" Scott Bassett and/or her husband R.H. Bassett. Together their combined correspondence comprises eight folders and spans the years 1850-1913.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThese letters cover the years of the American Civil War and shed light on how the conflict affected their lives. In addition to letters from Captain R.H. Bassett, there are dozens of notes written home to Sallie from her brother Garrett Scott, brother-in-law Noah Bassett, and her cousin John Nix. All of these men spent time serving in the 4th Texas Regiment of the famed Texas Brigade. While their letters contain minimal military focused discussions, they do highlight camp life, personal struggles of being separated from each other, personal and public incidents, and family news. The military discussion is really limited to mention of the dead and wounded from battles and engagements. However, R.H. does write a letter to Sallie as he arrives on the battlefield at Gettysburg. He expresses excitement to build off the Confederates successes that afternoon. Battles and engagements discussed include Antietam (September 17, 1862), Chancellorsville (April 30 to May 6, 1863), Gettysburg (July 1-3, 1863), and Chickamauga (September 18–20, 1863).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLizzie Scott Neblett was the older sister of Sallie Bassett and many letters between the sisters not previously examined, both before and after the American Civil War, can be found within this collection. Their letters shed light on relationship struggles, farm life, local news, and family connections.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhile few in number, the surviving letters of Lizzie and Sallie's father, James Scott, provide significant insight into Texas prior to its in 1846. In the first, James writes his wife, Sarah, from the convention in Austin, Texas, where the debates about joining the United States were taking place. He offers few specifics as \"Nothing in which you would take any interest has occurred here and therefore I will not say anything about the proceedings…\" In second of these letters, James is writing to a Colonel B. Rush Wallace and gets far more political in discussion and tone. He talks at length about concern over the merits of becoming Whig or Democrat once they are thrust into the existing political climate of their new nation.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOf particular interest is an 1888 letter written by Ida Carter, presumably William M. and Belle Bassett Blackley's \"Black Mamy,\" is addressed to a Col. Bassett Blackley, in care of W. M. Blackley. Carter begins the letter \"Dear Little Bassett.\" This letter seems to suggest that the Blackleys did in fact have another child, Bassett Blackley, prior to Belle. If that is the case, Bassett Blackley may have died in childhood.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOf the twentieth-century correspondence, most of it was sent or received by Chas Blackley. While his letters span most of the century, the bulk are centered between the years 1930-1944. The letters that Chas Blackley wrote while visiting Europe in 1934 are of particular interest due to the changing political climate with the rise of the Nazis in Germany. Through his correspondence, diaries, and photographs there is an opportunity to see an American view of this transformative time. In one letter to his sister, Mary, dated August 21, Chas Blackley writes of the hanging of Nazis in Vienna, Austria for a failed coup that took place mere weeks before his arrival and that it \"has retarded history making considerably.\" He also spoke of the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHeimwehr\u003c/emph\u003e, the home guard, patrolling the streets with their rifles and \"keeping a sharp to windward.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Personal Papers, 1857-2015, is comprised of personal papers, diaries, and other documents that highlight the careers and interests of the family members. R.H. Bassett's papers include Confederate government and military documents pertaining to promotions, recruitment, and resignation.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAnother unique piece of this collection from the early period is the Belle Bassett Diary, 1873-1879, which offers a glimpse of the post-war years for a child growing up in the South.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eChas Blackley, in addition to his letters from the trip to Europe, also kept a diary of his experiences. This diary covers the personal and public incidents of his travels.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMore information about individual members of family is available here in the form of detailed histories of specific family lines (Blackley, Bassett, Hoge, etc.), through family trees, and biographical information.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOther items of note from Chas Blackley are the many manuscripts of novels and plays that he wrote in the early-to-mid 1930s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Ephemera, 1856-2004, houses many unique items such as hundreds of stamps (U.S., Confederate, and international), brochures, certificates, awards, diplomas, and pamphlets from events such as the 1932 Los Angeles Olympics and the 1933 World's Fair in Chicago, and dance cards. The aforementioned diplomas and certificates document the Blackley family's achievements and graduations from various schools and universities, including the University of Virginia, the State Teacher's College at Harrisonburg, and Virginia Tech. Many of the manuals and booklets used in Chas' various military training can be found in this series.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere are also newspaper clippings that share stories directly related to family members or address significant events of the time. These include awards won by the family, news about new jobs or graduations, historic events like D-Day, and John F. Kennedy's assassination.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOne of the more locally relevant pieces is a pamphlet entitled \"Dedication of the Shenandoah National Park\" (1936). It lists the planned dedication speech from President Franklin D. Roosevelt given at Big Meadows as the key event.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis series also includes one oversize box of 3D ephemeral objects. Objects of interest include a Kodak No. 2 Folding Autographic Brownie camera (1917-1926) owned by Chas Blackley and inscribed with the names of Blackley and the SS \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eGertrude Kellogg\u003c/emph\u003e, Dr. Charles Coatesworth Phillips' small leather medicine case with glass bottles that he took on house calls, several pairs of glasses, a glass plate photograph of Susie E. Phillips, and assorted World's Fair ephemera.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eStored separately are multiple flags that are likely from Chas' 1930 voyage in the Pacific. There is a large and small Japanese flag, a small Chinese [pre-communist revolution] flag, and a small Philippine national flag. An additional flag dates to WWI and features the United States flag surrounded by smaller flags of all our allies from that conflict.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4, Photographs, circa 1861-1989, includes photographic prints, negatives, and slides that document the Scott, Bassett, Blackley, Hoge, Matthews, and Nix families of Texas and Staunton, Virginia. Files are arranged chronologically and undated groupings of images are listed alphabetically at the end of the series. Files are labeled to reflect the subject of the photos; original arrangement and description of people and places as received from the donor was maintained whenever possible. Some photographs contain identifying text written on the back of the image, though many photos are unidentified. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs within this series document Chas Blackley's trips to Asia and the Pacific in 1930 as well as his journey through Europe in 1934. Other photographs document the Civilian Military Training Camp (CMTC) experience at Ft. Eustis, Virginia, from 1928.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs created by or picturing Catherine Matthews Blackley contain images of campus and student life at the State Teacher's College at Harrisonburg (now JMU) dating from the early 1930s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Scrapbooks, 1862-1931, is comprised of one scrapbook created by R.H. Bassett, and three scrapbooks created by Chas Blackley. The scrapbook created by R.H. Bassett dates from 1862-1869 and contains mostly newspaper clippings related to Bassett's work in local and state politics in Grimes County, Texas, after a wound at the Battle of Chickamauga in 1864 ended his role in the American Civil War. \nThe three remaining scrapbooks were created by Chas Blackley, and document aspects of his life in the years between 1928-1931. The CTMC and VMI scrapbook documents Chas Blackley's military training at the Citizen's Military Training Camp (CTMC) from 1927-1929 as well as his time enrolled at the Virginia Military Institute (VMI). Two scrapbooks document Chas Blackley's 1930 travels with childhood friend  George Earman throughout the Pacific and multiple Asian nations aboard the steamer SS \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eGertrude Kellogg\u003c/emph\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe series largely documents Chas Blackley's involvement with radio stations WSVA and WTON and comprises photographs, correspondence, and printed ephemera. A file concerning Susan Blackley, Chas Blackley's daughter, is included and relate to her work as the horticulturalist for the city of Staunton. Photographs document Susan's time as a bartender at H.A. Winston's in Wilmington, Delaware.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes newspaper clippings covering Susan's work as a horticulturist for Staunton as well as photographs of Susan as a bartender at H.A. Winston's in Wilmington, Delaware.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes negatives.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes negatives.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eComprises papers and photographs related to the immediate and extended Blackley family. Materials also concern the Fry and Matthews families.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials related to Eugene Fry, father of Patricia Fry Blackley.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Blackley Family Papers, 1830-2020, consists of hundreds of letters that span from 1830 to 2011; diaries; official United States, Confederate, and Texas documents; literary works; newspaper clippings; postcards; ephemera; and photographs. These papers document the related Scott, Bassett, Blackley, Hoge, Matthews, and Nix families of Texas and Staunton, Virginia.","Series 1: Correspondence, 1830-2011, is comprised of more than 300 individual letters. The majority of the earlier ones involve Sarah \"Sallie\" Scott Bassett and/or her husband R.H. Bassett. Together their combined correspondence comprises eight folders and spans the years 1850-1913.","These letters cover the years of the American Civil War and shed light on how the conflict affected their lives. In addition to letters from Captain R.H. Bassett, there are dozens of notes written home to Sallie from her brother Garrett Scott, brother-in-law Noah Bassett, and her cousin John Nix. All of these men spent time serving in the 4th Texas Regiment of the famed Texas Brigade. While their letters contain minimal military focused discussions, they do highlight camp life, personal struggles of being separated from each other, personal and public incidents, and family news. The military discussion is really limited to mention of the dead and wounded from battles and engagements. However, R.H. does write a letter to Sallie as he arrives on the battlefield at Gettysburg. He expresses excitement to build off the Confederates successes that afternoon. Battles and engagements discussed include Antietam (September 17, 1862), Chancellorsville (April 30 to May 6, 1863), Gettysburg (July 1-3, 1863), and Chickamauga (September 18–20, 1863).","Lizzie Scott Neblett was the older sister of Sallie Bassett and many letters between the sisters not previously examined, both before and after the American Civil War, can be found within this collection. Their letters shed light on relationship struggles, farm life, local news, and family connections.","While few in number, the surviving letters of Lizzie and Sallie's father, James Scott, provide significant insight into Texas prior to its in 1846. In the first, James writes his wife, Sarah, from the convention in Austin, Texas, where the debates about joining the United States were taking place. He offers few specifics as \"Nothing in which you would take any interest has occurred here and therefore I will not say anything about the proceedings…\" In second of these letters, James is writing to a Colonel B. Rush Wallace and gets far more political in discussion and tone. He talks at length about concern over the merits of becoming Whig or Democrat once they are thrust into the existing political climate of their new nation.","Of particular interest is an 1888 letter written by Ida Carter, presumably William M. and Belle Bassett Blackley's \"Black Mamy,\" is addressed to a Col. Bassett Blackley, in care of W. M. Blackley. Carter begins the letter \"Dear Little Bassett.\" This letter seems to suggest that the Blackleys did in fact have another child, Bassett Blackley, prior to Belle. If that is the case, Bassett Blackley may have died in childhood.","Of the twentieth-century correspondence, most of it was sent or received by Chas Blackley. While his letters span most of the century, the bulk are centered between the years 1930-1944. The letters that Chas Blackley wrote while visiting Europe in 1934 are of particular interest due to the changing political climate with the rise of the Nazis in Germany. Through his correspondence, diaries, and photographs there is an opportunity to see an American view of this transformative time. In one letter to his sister, Mary, dated August 21, Chas Blackley writes of the hanging of Nazis in Vienna, Austria for a failed coup that took place mere weeks before his arrival and that it \"has retarded history making considerably.\" He also spoke of the  Heimwehr , the home guard, patrolling the streets with their rifles and \"keeping a sharp to windward.\"","Series 2: Personal Papers, 1857-2015, is comprised of personal papers, diaries, and other documents that highlight the careers and interests of the family members. R.H. Bassett's papers include Confederate government and military documents pertaining to promotions, recruitment, and resignation.","Another unique piece of this collection from the early period is the Belle Bassett Diary, 1873-1879, which offers a glimpse of the post-war years for a child growing up in the South.","Chas Blackley, in addition to his letters from the trip to Europe, also kept a diary of his experiences. This diary covers the personal and public incidents of his travels.","More information about individual members of family is available here in the form of detailed histories of specific family lines (Blackley, Bassett, Hoge, etc.), through family trees, and biographical information.","Other items of note from Chas Blackley are the many manuscripts of novels and plays that he wrote in the early-to-mid 1930s.","Series 3: Ephemera, 1856-2004, houses many unique items such as hundreds of stamps (U.S., Confederate, and international), brochures, certificates, awards, diplomas, and pamphlets from events such as the 1932 Los Angeles Olympics and the 1933 World's Fair in Chicago, and dance cards. The aforementioned diplomas and certificates document the Blackley family's achievements and graduations from various schools and universities, including the University of Virginia, the State Teacher's College at Harrisonburg, and Virginia Tech. Many of the manuals and booklets used in Chas' various military training can be found in this series.","There are also newspaper clippings that share stories directly related to family members or address significant events of the time. These include awards won by the family, news about new jobs or graduations, historic events like D-Day, and John F. Kennedy's assassination.","One of the more locally relevant pieces is a pamphlet entitled \"Dedication of the Shenandoah National Park\" (1936). It lists the planned dedication speech from President Franklin D. Roosevelt given at Big Meadows as the key event.","This series also includes one oversize box of 3D ephemeral objects. Objects of interest include a Kodak No. 2 Folding Autographic Brownie camera (1917-1926) owned by Chas Blackley and inscribed with the names of Blackley and the SS  Gertrude Kellogg , Dr. Charles Coatesworth Phillips' small leather medicine case with glass bottles that he took on house calls, several pairs of glasses, a glass plate photograph of Susie E. Phillips, and assorted World's Fair ephemera.","Stored separately are multiple flags that are likely from Chas' 1930 voyage in the Pacific. There is a large and small Japanese flag, a small Chinese [pre-communist revolution] flag, and a small Philippine national flag. An additional flag dates to WWI and features the United States flag surrounded by smaller flags of all our allies from that conflict.","Series 4, Photographs, circa 1861-1989, includes photographic prints, negatives, and slides that document the Scott, Bassett, Blackley, Hoge, Matthews, and Nix families of Texas and Staunton, Virginia. Files are arranged chronologically and undated groupings of images are listed alphabetically at the end of the series. Files are labeled to reflect the subject of the photos; original arrangement and description of people and places as received from the donor was maintained whenever possible. Some photographs contain identifying text written on the back of the image, though many photos are unidentified. ","Photographs within this series document Chas Blackley's trips to Asia and the Pacific in 1930 as well as his journey through Europe in 1934. Other photographs document the Civilian Military Training Camp (CMTC) experience at Ft. Eustis, Virginia, from 1928.","Photographs created by or picturing Catherine Matthews Blackley contain images of campus and student life at the State Teacher's College at Harrisonburg (now JMU) dating from the early 1930s.","Series 5: Scrapbooks, 1862-1931, is comprised of one scrapbook created by R.H. Bassett, and three scrapbooks created by Chas Blackley. The scrapbook created by R.H. Bassett dates from 1862-1869 and contains mostly newspaper clippings related to Bassett's work in local and state politics in Grimes County, Texas, after a wound at the Battle of Chickamauga in 1864 ended his role in the American Civil War. \nThe three remaining scrapbooks were created by Chas Blackley, and document aspects of his life in the years between 1928-1931. The CTMC and VMI scrapbook documents Chas Blackley's military training at the Citizen's Military Training Camp (CTMC) from 1927-1929 as well as his time enrolled at the Virginia Military Institute (VMI). Two scrapbooks document Chas Blackley's 1930 travels with childhood friend  George Earman throughout the Pacific and multiple Asian nations aboard the steamer SS  Gertrude Kellogg .","The series largely documents Chas Blackley's involvement with radio stations WSVA and WTON and comprises photographs, correspondence, and printed ephemera. A file concerning Susan Blackley, Chas Blackley's daughter, is included and relate to her work as the horticulturalist for the city of Staunton. Photographs document Susan's time as a bartender at H.A. Winston's in Wilmington, Delaware.","Includes newspaper clippings covering Susan's work as a horticulturist for Staunton as well as photographs of Susan as a bartender at H.A. Winston's in Wilmington, Delaware.","Includes negatives.","Includes negatives.","Comprises papers and photographs related to the immediate and extended Blackley family. Materials also concern the Fry and Matthews families.","Materials related to Eugene Fry, father of Patricia Fry Blackley."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll published monographs have been cataloged individually and placed in Special Collections' rare book collection. Catherine Matthews Blackley's \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSchooma'am\u003c/emph\u003e yearbooks were removed and housed with the yearbook collection. They are retained due to heavy annotations.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Material"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["All published monographs have been cataloged individually and placed in Special Collections' rare book collection. Catherine Matthews Blackley's  Schooma'am  yearbooks were removed and housed with the yearbook collection. They are retained due to heavy annotations."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e73d9f92cf4c9d321a4666b26feddd80\"\u003eThe Blackley Family Papers, 1830-2020, consists of hundreds of letters that span from 1830 to 2011; diaries; official United States, Confederate, and Texas documents; literary works; newspaper clippings; postcards; ephemera; and photographs. These papers document the related Scott, Bassett, Blackley, Hoge, Matthews, and Nix families of Texas and Staunton, Virginia.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Blackley Family Papers, 1830-2020, consists of hundreds of letters that span from 1830 to 2011; diaries; official United States, Confederate, and Texas documents; literary works; newspaper clippings; postcards; ephemera; and photographs. These papers document the related Scott, Bassett, Blackley, Hoge, Matthews, and Nix families of Texas and Staunton, Virginia."],"names_coll_ssim":["State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","United States. War Department. Citizens' Military Training Camps","Virginia Military Institute -- Students","Confederate States of America. Army. Texas Brigade","Virginia Polytechnic Institute -- Students","Blackley, Chuck","Blackley, Pat","Blackley, Chuck"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","United States. War Department. Citizens' Military Training Camps","Virginia Military Institute -- Students","Confederate States of America. Army. Texas Brigade","Virginia Polytechnic Institute -- Students","WTON (Radio station : Staunton, Va.)","WSVA (Radio station : Harrisonburg, Va.)","Blackley family","Blackley, Chuck","Blackley, Charles Phillips, Sr., 1909-1999","Blackley, Pat","Harvey, Paul, 1918-2009"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","United States. War Department. Citizens' Military Training Camps","Virginia Military Institute -- Students","Confederate States of America. Army. Texas Brigade","Virginia Polytechnic Institute -- Students","WTON (Radio station : Staunton, Va.)","WSVA (Radio station : Harrisonburg, Va.)"],"famname_ssim":["Blackley family"],"persname_ssim":["Blackley, Chuck","Blackley, Charles Phillips, Sr., 1909-1999","Blackley, Pat","Harvey, Paul, 1918-2009"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":579,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:22:06.237Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_407_c04_c97"}},{"id":"viu_viu00158_c02_c36","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"W. S. Woodsto \n                  James Branch Cabell, with TLS\n                  reply from \n                  James Branch Cabellon\n                  verso","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_viu00158_c02_c36#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_viu00158_c02_c36","ref_ssm":["viu_viu00158_c02_c36"],"id":"viu_viu00158_c02_c36","ead_ssi":"viu_viu00158","_root_":"viu_viu00158","_nest_parent_":"viu_viu00158_c02","parent_ssi":"viu_viu00158_c02","parent_ssim":["viu_viu00158","viu_viu00158_c02"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_viu00158","viu_viu00158_c02"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["James Branch Cabell Collection \n         1894-1937","Letters"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["James Branch Cabell Collection \n         1894-1937","Letters"],"text":["James Branch Cabell Collection \n         1894-1937","Letters","W. S. Woodsto \n                  James Branch Cabell, with TLS\n                  reply from \n                  James Branch Cabellon\n                  verso","TLS, 2 p.","W. S. Woods","James Branch Cabell"],"title_filing_ssi":"W. S. Woods to \n                   James Branch Cabell , with TLS\n                  reply from \n                   James Branch Cabell on\n                  verso","title_ssm":["W. S. Woodsto \n                  James Branch Cabell, with TLS\n                  reply from \n                  James Branch Cabellon\n                  verso"],"title_tesim":["W. S. Woodsto \n                  James Branch Cabell, with TLS\n                  reply from \n                  James Branch Cabellon\n                  verso"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1923 Apr 19"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1923"],"normalized_title_ssm":["W. S. Woodsto \n                  James Branch Cabell, with TLS\n                  reply from \n                  James Branch Cabellon\n                  verso"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["James Branch Cabell Collection \n         1894-1937"],"physdesc_tesim":["TLS, 2 p."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":40,"date_range_isim":[1923],"names_ssim":["W. S. Woods","James Branch Cabell"],"persname_ssim":["W. S. 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