{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1916\u0026page=29\u0026view=compact","prev":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1916\u0026page=28\u0026view=compact","next":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1916\u0026page=30\u0026view=compact","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1916\u0026page=2143\u0026view=compact"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":29,"next_page":30,"prev_page":28,"total_pages":2143,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":280,"total_count":21422,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5880_c02_c262","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"A.B. Dyche, Administrator of Laura B. 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(149 document cases, 5 in. each); (1 document case, 2 1/2 in.); (1 small flat storage box, 3 1/2 in.); (2 oversize folders, 2 in.); (25 wrapped packages, 3 ft. 8 in.)"],"extent_tesim":["66.6 Linear Feet Summary: 66 ft. 7 in. 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Hammond Siler, Sr. and Jessie Castleman Siler (residents of the Town of Bath better known as Berkeley Springs). Also includes correspondence and other papers from related families. Subjects include banking, the Civil War, the Episcopal church, secession of Virginia, Virginia Loyalty Oath, women's diaries, and women's letters and papers. A notable item in the collection is the diary of Anne Doyne Wolff Strother, wife of artist and writer David Hunter Strother, documenting a trip with husband and daughter Emily to New Orleans in 1857 (S2/Box 67, folder 1a).","Series include:","Series 1. J. Hammond Siler, Jr. (ca. 1848-1968), boxes S1/Box 1-S1/Box 50\nSeries 2. J. Hammond Siler, Sr. (ca. 1848-1968), boxes S2/Box 1-S2/Box 89\nSeries 3. Jessie Castleman Siler (ca. 1848-1968), boxes S3/Box 1-S3/Box 2\nSeries 4. A.C. Hammond (ca. 1848-1968), boxes S4/Box 1-S4/Box 4\nSeries 5. Ann R. Castleman (ca. 1848-1968), boxes S5/Box 1-S5/Box 2\nSeries 6. 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House of Delegates","Montgomery Ward","American Red Cross","Sears, Roebuck and Company","Steel - Hancock Steel Company.","Great Cacapon Silica Sand Company","Campbell family","Castleman family - Genealogy","Hammond family - Genealogy","Humphries family - Genealogy","Isler family - Genealogy","Shepard family - Genealogy","Seller family - Genealogy","Seiler family","Armstrong, James D.","Castleman, Ann Rebecca Isler.","Castleman, Estelle.","Castleman, Frank A.","Castleman, Sarah Jane.","Faulkner, Charles James, 1806-1884","Hammond, Allen C.","Hammond, Cadet N.","Hotee, John.","Randolph, Emily Strother.","Rinehart, E. A.","Siler, J. Hammond Jr.","Siler, J. Hammond Sr.","Siler, Jessie Castleman.","Siler, John T.","Strother, Anne Doyne.","Van Gosen, James D.","Whisner, Samuel.","Widmyer, P. S.","Hardin, Moses"],"famname_ssim":["Seiler family","Campbell family","Castleman family - Genealogy","Hammond family - Genealogy","Humphries family - Genealogy","Isler family - Genealogy","Shepard family - Genealogy","Seller family - Genealogy"],"persname_ssim":["Armstrong, James D.","Castleman, Ann Rebecca Isler.","Castleman, Estelle.","Castleman, Frank A.","Castleman, Sarah Jane.","Faulkner, Charles James, 1806-1884","Hammond, Allen C.","Hammond, Cadet N.","Hotee, John.","Randolph, Emily Strother.","Rinehart, E. A.","Siler, J. Hammond Jr.","Siler, J. Hammond Sr.","Siler, Jessie Castleman.","Siler, John T.","Strother, Anne Doyne.","Van Gosen, James D.","Whisner, Samuel.","Widmyer, P. S.","Hardin, Moses"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","American Institute of Banking","Baltimore Trust Company","Bull and Bear Club","Citizens Trust and Guaranty Company of West Virginia - Bonds.","Emerald Shillelagh Chowder and Marching Society, Inc.","Hammond and Siler General Store.","Virginia. General Assembly. House of Delegates","Montgomery Ward","American Red Cross","Sears, Roebuck and Company","Steel - Hancock Steel Company.","Great Cacapon Silica Sand Company","Seiler family","Campbell family","Castleman family - Genealogy","Hammond family - Genealogy","Humphries family - Genealogy","Isler family - Genealogy","Shepard family - Genealogy","Seller family - Genealogy","Armstrong, James D.","Castleman, Ann Rebecca Isler.","Castleman, Estelle.","Castleman, Frank A.","Castleman, Sarah Jane.","Faulkner, Charles James, 1806-1884","Hammond, Allen C.","Hammond, Cadet N.","Hotee, John.","Randolph, Emily Strother.","Rinehart, E. A.","Siler, J. Hammond Jr.","Siler, J. Hammond Sr.","Siler, Jessie Castleman.","Siler, John T.","Strother, Anne Doyne.","Van Gosen, James D.","Whisner, Samuel.","Widmyer, P. S.","Hardin, Moses"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1463,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:58:25.449Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5880_c02_c262"}},{"id":"viu_viu00917_c01_c04_c01","type":"Sub-Series","attributes":{"title":"A. Bills payable, 1882/1916","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_viu00917_c01_c04_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_viu00917_c01_c04_c01","ref_ssm":["viu_viu00917_c01_c04_c01"],"id":"viu_viu00917_c01_c04_c01","ead_ssi":"viu_viu00917","_root_":"viu_viu00917","_nest_parent_":"viu_viu00917_c01_c04","parent_ssi":"viu_viu00917_c01_c04","parent_ssim":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n 1873-1927","Bound Volumes","Bills"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_viu00917","viu_viu00917_c01","viu_viu00917_c01_c04"],"title_filing_ssi":"A. Bills payable","title_ssm":["A. Bills payable"],"title_tesim":["A. Bills payable"],"normalized_title_ssm":["A. Bills payable, 1882/1916"],"text":["A. Bills payable, 1882/1916","Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n 1873-1927","Bound Volumes","Bills","7 volumes"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n 1873-1927","Bound Volumes","Bills"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n 1873-1927","Bound Volumes","Bills"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1882/1916"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1882-1916"],"level_ssm":["Sub-Series"],"level_ssim":["Sub-series"],"component_level_isim":[3],"sort_isi":16,"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n 1873-1927"],"physdesc_tesim":["7 volumes"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"date_range_isim":[1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#3/components#0","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:43:37.384Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_viu00917","ead_ssi":"viu_viu00917","_root_":"viu_viu00917","_nest_parent_":"viu_viu00917","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/uva-sc/viu00917.xml","title_ssm":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n 1873-1927"],"title_tesim":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n 1873-1927"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n 1873-1927"],"text":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n 1873-1927","662","95 linear feer + 1200\n         volumes","The word \"organization\" is used here with considerable\n         diffidence, for any researcher studying the container list\n         that follows will realize quickly that there is no\n         organization in the usual sense of the word.","As noted under \"Provenance,\" the Low Moor Iron Company\n         papers were subjected to a number of moves; when processing\n         began in the fall of 1976, no discernible scheme of\n         organization could be determined.","The first step was to review the series of coded numbers\n         placed on the bundles of papers before they were moved to\n         the dormitory attic, but these did not provide any sort of\n         useful organization. Next, the spine titles of the original\n         letter boxes were reviewed (they had been copied onto the\n         gray cardboard sheets before the move to the dormitory\n         attic), but they, too, proved useless.","These steps having provided no scheme, and after a\n         considerable hiatus due to a turnover in student processors\n         on the collection, the new student processors were\n         instructed to begin a box-by-box inventory of the contents\n         of the collection. During this inventory, old folders were\n         replaced with acid-free ones, and the original folder\n         headings were copied onto the new ones. Some removal of\n         paper clips was accomplished, and the materials were\n         reviewed and notes taken for the guide.","Some consolidation of materials was accomplished, and in\n         other cases, materials were moved. This work has created\n         some problems in the numbering of the boxes. Thus, the\n         researchers will find boxes marked \"6A\" and \"23C\"; he will\n         also discover that certain box numbers have been entirely\n         omitted. As the box numbers exist only to aid in the\n         location of material, it was not felt that the unusual\n         numbers and the omissions would cause problems in working\n         with the papers.","A certain amount of movement of boxes within the\n         collection, and of materials among boxes, probably would\n         ease use of it. But what processing was accomplished on\n         this project took far longer than had been anticipated, and\n         there was no time in the late spring of 1978, when the\n         processors had to complete their work with the project, to\n         undertake a mass movement of material. Thus, they stand in\n         the order in which we found them at the beginning of the\n         project.","The Low Moor Iron Company, the first producer of pig\n         iron in Virginia according to the company's claims, was a\n         self-contained manufacturing unit producing from its own\n         mines the coal, limestone, and iron ore needed for its iron\n         production. Located in Low Moor near Clifton Forge in\n         Alleghany County in western Virginia, an area rich in\n         mineral deposits, the company was in operation from\n         1872-1930, producing only pig iron; it never attempted to\n         produce finished iron products.","Coal came to the Low Moor furnaces from the Kay Moor\n         Mines at Kay Moor, West Virginia, about thirty miles from\n         Low Moor; limestone was produced from the Low Moor\n         limestone quarries; and iron ore came from the Fenwick,\n         Dolly Ann, Jordan, Rich Patch, Low Moor, and Longdale\n         Mines, most of them within twenty miles of Low Moor at\n         Covington or Clifton Forge.","The towns of Low Moor and Kay Moor were company towns in\n         every respect. Workers lived in company-owned houses,\n         bought food in company stores, worshiped at the company\n         church, saw movies in the company theater, were treated in\n         the company hospital, and were buried in the company\n         cemetery. Workers received part of their pay in scrip that\n         they exchanged for goods and services. According to a\n         statement from the Kay Moor Mines dated November 1904, Kay\n         Moor then employed 338 people, paid them an average wage of\n         $36.26 per month, and issued half of their pay in scrip.\n         Kay Moor had four stores; Low Moor had seven or eight. All\n         of these stores carried large inventories which are\n         detailed in the collection. These inventories are valuable\n         to anyone interested in determining the wants and needs of\n         a coal miner and his family.","In the late 1910's and 1920's Kay Moor had a company\n         theater called the Azure Theater which seated about 300\n         people. There were also plans for a company-owned social\n         center, to have pool tables, a soda fountain, and\n         provisions for dancing and skating. The company was in\n         tough economic straits by the 1920's, however, and there is\n         no evidence that the social center was built. The town of\n         Low Moor was so completely under the company's influence\n         that one of Low Moor Iron Company's assistant managers\n         served as the town sheriff. He often foreclosed on people\n         who did not pay their debts, and drove troublesome people\n         \"out of town on a rail\" as he put it.","The Low Moor Iron Company's fortunes fluctuated during\n         the various business cycles between the years 1880-1930.\n         Low Moor was one of the larger pig iron producers in\n         Virginia, but Virginia pig iron production was not\n         important nationally. Low Moor officials sometimes sold\n         their product themselves, but more often they used agents,\n         the prevalent method at the time. Low Moor Iron Company\n         used a variety of agents through the 1900's. James F. Bryan\n         acted as the exclusive agent for the sale of Kay Moor Coal\n         from September 21, 1903 to September, 1905. From about 1890\n         until about 1910 Dalton Nash and Company were the exclusive\n         eastern agents of Low Moor Iron. After that time the\n         exclusive agency went to Philips Isham and Company located\n         in New York. From about 1890 the western agency was handled\n         chiefly by Thomas Mack and Company. After 1902 Thomas Mack\n         and Company underwent a name change, becoming Walter\n         Wallingford and Company, with offices located in\n         Cincinnati, Pittsburgh, and Chicago.","Perhaps the Low Moor Iron Company's biggest problem over\n         the years was obtaining railroad cars for the\n         transportation of its finished product. Low Moor Iron\n         Company had its own cars for transporting its raw materials\n         among its various facilities. For the long haul necessary\n         for its finished goods, however, it depended upon the\n         services of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad, and the\n         relationship was not always a happy one. The Low Moor\n         Company complained many times to the C \u0026 O Railroad\n         about the discrepancies between long-and shorthaul freight\n         rates. Low Moor also had trouble getting cars from the C\n         \u0026 O. In a letter to one of Low Moor Company's agents\n         from an irate customer dated 1898, the customer wrote: \"We\n         wrote you on Saturday and endeavored to question upon your\n         mind the necessity of taking care of us with Low Moor iron.\n         We are on our uppers--there is not a pound of Low Moor iron\n         in the yard. Of the one hundred tons ordered some time ago,\n         not one pound of it has been received.\" This was, according\n         to the Low Moor Iron Company, because they could not get\n         the railroad cars. In a letter from Thomas Mack and Company\n         dated November 26, 1901, to General Manager E. C. Means:\n         \"We are hopeful that the car supply will get better because\n         of the number of orders you have of ours for prompt\n         shipment. Our customers are complaining that they are not\n         getting the iron fast enough. . . . We hope that the\n         railroad will be able to supply you with empty cars.\" In\n         another letter dated 1916 to John B. Guernsey, then acting\n         General Manager of the Low Moor Iron Company, \"We were not\n         supplied with coke cars for today's loading, and\n         consequently we have been practically down of Kay Moor\n         ovens all day.\"","The problem of procuring labor also plagued the Low Moor\n         Company. The company sometimes tried to hire immigrant\n         laborers and send the men directly to Low Moor from New\n         York City. There were problems with this, as is explained\n         in the following letter dated April 7, 1906: \n         To Mr. George Wickes \n            Supt. of Mines \n            Kay Moor, Virginia \n            Dear George, \n            Tony arrived with twenty one men last night. One\n            got away in Jersey two in Washington D.C., four in\n            Charlottesville. Some of the men are very good looking,\n            but taken as a whole they are the worst lot I have ever\n            seen: Irish, German-Jews, and Italians. . . . Our New\n            York transportations to this place have never been a\n            success.Signed, \n            Ed D. Wickes Supt. of MinesLow Moor usually employed labor agencies, one\n         of which was Atwood's Employment Agency. Often the Low Moor\n         Company would request certain nationalities, believing them\n         to be better workers than others. Sometimes the company\n         would request a gang of twenty made up of \"ten Greeks and\n         ten Italians.\" Many of the immigrants fled Low Moor and Kay\n         Moor when they learned that they would have to work\n         underground. There is a fair amount of material on\n         immigrant labor and its procurement in the collection, and\n         it is noted in the description of the box contents.","Low Moor Iron Company not only had trouble procuring\n         labor, but it also had trouble with labor already employed\n         in the mines and at the factory. Labor dissension and\n         strikes troubled the Kay Moor Mines through the 1900's. The\n         great coal strike of 1902 hurt the Low Moor Company's coal\n         mining operation, but by 1903 things were \"nearly back to\n         normal\" according to the mine superintendent. There was\n         still trouble at Kay Moor Mines, however. In a letter dated\n         April 26, 1906, to the treasurer of Low Moor Company, the\n         manager of the mines wrote about the trouble in \"trying to\n         get the agitators out.\" The mines were seventy-five men\n         short of the total labor force needed because many of the\n         coal miners returned to their farms during the spring.\n         There were rumblings of another strike at Kay Moor, the\n         result of which was to be a fourteen percent increase in\n         wages for the Kay Moor Mine workers via an agreement with\n         the United Mine Workers Union in December.","The Low Moor Iron Company grew along with the rest of\n         Virginia industry in the 1890's and 1900's. Starting with\n         only one furnace in the 1870's, it opened a second furnace\n         at Covington, Virginia, in 1891. In 1911 it opened a third\n         furnace, this time at Low Moor. Covington, with its heavy\n         industry, soon became known as the \"Pittsburgh of\n         Virginia.\" Virginia's pig iron production rose from 9,000\n         short tons in 1870 to 544,034 long tons in 1903. Judging\n         from the Low Moor Company's correspondence, the most\n         prosperous period for the company fell between the years\n         1895-1907. In the years between 1907-1917 problems befell\n         the Virginia pig iron industry. In a letter from William W.\n         Hearns, the president of the Virginia based Princess Pig\n         Iron Company, to U. S. Senator Thomas S. Martin, Hearns\n         writes of the problems of the Virginia pig iron industry:\n         \"There is not a blast furnace in Virginia that is making\n         any money from the manufacture of pig iron. The cause of\n         this is there is an exceedingly low price on pig iron in\n         the country at the present time, and the increased cost of\n         manufacturing is due to the increase in wages in all\n         lines.\" With the outbreak of World War I prices rose\n         dramatically, but in a market report to Low Moor dated\n         November 11, 1916, it was stated that: \"In spite of the\n         high prices, it is not a picnic to be in the iron industry.\n         There is a desperate shortage of cars and equipment in the\n         coal and iron districts, and in consequence there are\n         troubles of all kinds to get materials shipped. The\n         situation has grown serious.\"","When America became involved in the First World War, it\n         meant a boost for the Low Moor Iron Company. The government\n         helped it procure labor, and even helped it repair its\n         furnaces. The problem of supplies and cars for their\n         shipments, however, plagued the company more than ever. It\n         had a good deal of trouble getting all the raw materials it\n         needed due chiefly to the \"tight ship\" run by Harry F.\n         Byrd, Sr., U.S. Fuel Administrator for Virginia. After the\n         war very serious problems began to trouble the Low Moor\n         Iron Company. The demand for iron fell precipitously and a\n         short but severe depression ensued from 1919-1922. The\n         depression seemed to hit the iron industry especially hard.\n         Prices took a huge drop due to the lack of demand, and many\n         pre-war contracts had to be revalued. To compound the\n         company's problems, the Kay Moor Mines went on strike in\n         1919. This strike was quickly settled, as the market for\n         coal was so good that the Low Moor Company ceased taking\n         orders temporarily in 1921 as it could not fill the orders\n         it had on hand.","The Low Moor Company furnaces lay idle for some twenty\n         months. Finally, in November 1922 one of Low Moor's\n         furnaces was finally fired up. While prosperity gradually\n         returned to the rest of the country, the Low Moor Iron\n         Company never recovered. Production of pig iron in the\n         Virginia iron industry declined from 544,034 tons in 1903\n         to 148,053 tons in 1923, considered a good year for the\n         industry as a whole. In February 1926 Low Moor officials\n         talked of merging with two other iron companies in order to\n         revive the iron business for the three companies. The\n         merger, however, never occurred. By late 1926 the company\n         was in the process of liquidation. An advertisement in the\n         Charleston, West Virginia, Daily Mail dated April 30, 1927,\n         told of a huge warehouse sale at the Low Moor Iron Company.\n         The advertisement noted \"thousands of screws, pipe\n         fittings, valves, etc.\" The last piece of correspondence\n         from the Low Moor Iron Company in the collection is dated\n         1929. It deals with the sale of a machine.","Why did the iron industry in Virginia decline as it did?\n         Some say that lack of speed, efficiency, and a decent\n         transportation system for Alleghany County caused it. In a\n         letter from C. E. Bertie, secretary of the Virginia Pig\n         Iron Association, to the \n         Manufacturers Recorddated 1925, Bertie claimed that it was the\n         tremendous rise in the cost of transportation. Virginia, he\n         claimed, had almost no home market. Over 80% of its normal\n         production was shipped out to other states. The failure of\n         the Interstate Commerce Commission to treat Virginia\n         furnaces as southern furnaces was the cause of much of the\n         trouble. From 1914-1925 there were four blanket increases\n         in freight rates in the country, of which only one applied\n         equally to all localities. Southern furnaces were received\n         only two increases--a 25% increase in 1918 and a 25%\n         increase in 1920--but northern furnaces had had 5%, 15%,\n         25%, and 40% increases in their transportation costs.\n         Virginia furnaces, although recognized as southern\n         furnaces, had had freight rates increased in line with the\n         northern furnaces. Prior to the war Virginia iron reached\n         all points in Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, and Illinois on a\n         competitive basis with southern furnaces. After World War I\n         the advantage was limited to a small portion of\n         southeastern Ohio. All of Indiana, Illinois, and Michigan\n         were now lost to the Virginia producers. The Virginia\n         producer, according to Bertie, felt that the freight rates\n         should be restored to a relationship with southern\n         furnaces. If what Bertie said was true, the other southern\n         states iron industries should not have been in the same\n         desperate economic straits as Virginia's, and statistics\n         should support this. In the 1920's production rose to new\n         heights in Alabama. In Tennessee, however, iron production\n         plunged to new lows during the 1920's. While the south\n         accounted for 10.2% of the entire U. S. production in the\n         years 1919-1924, Virginia accounted for less than 1% during\n         those years. In 1915 Virginia accounted for over 6% of the\n         U.S. iron production. One can see a decline in other areas\n         of the south than Virginia. While the discrepancies in the\n         freight rates may have helped cause the decline, clearly\n         there are other reasons.","During the 1900's there was a discovery of extremely\n         rich iron ore deposits in the mid-west. Much of this ore\n         was on or near the surface, making the mining of it both\n         easy and inexpensive. This in turn lowered production costs\n         of the pig iron. This caused iron production to shift to\n         that region, and resulted in a decline in the Virginia iron\n         industry. There was a sharp increase in iron production in\n         the mid-west through the 1920's. The iron ore in the\n         mid-west may have been of better quality than Virginia, but\n         the iron ore in Virginia was of sufficient quality to\n         produce a good pig iron. The western ore deposits were not\n         as conveniently located as Virginia deposits, but the\n         inexpensiveness of production more than made up for it.","In examining the rise and fall of the Low Moor Iron\n         Company, we can see a situation in which the conditions for\n         the manufacture of iron were nearly ideal. There was plenty\n         of land for expansion and resources for the manufacture of\n         the iron. The major internal problem faced by the Low Moor\n         Iron Company was that of transportation. External\n         developments, however, caused the final demise of the Low\n         Moor Iron Company.","Low Moor Iron Company Personnel:","Executive Staff: Managing Director, Colonel H. M.\n         Goodwin: ca. 1881. General Managers: H. G. Merry: ca.\n         1884-1902; E. C. Means: ca. 1905-1915; J. P. Guernsey: ca.\n         1915 (acting General Manager); F. U. Humbert: ca.\n         1916-1929. Assistant General Manager: E. B. Wilkinson: ca.\n         1909-1915. Treasurers and Assistant Treasurers: Edward Low:\n         ca. 1886-1898; Frank Lyman (in New York): ca. 1898-1919; S.\n         G. Cragill (Asst. Treasurer): ca. 1900-1915; H. A. Dalton:\n         ca. 1921-1929; John Lipscomb (Asst. Treasurer): ca.\n         1918-1928.","Factory and Mine Supervisors: Kay Moor Superintendents:\n         C. C. Cooke: ca. 1918; Ed. D. Wickes: ca. 1906; H. L.\n         Tansell: ca. 1903; A. H. Reed: ca. 1906. Kay Moor Managers:\n         J. W. Monteith: manager of mines. ca. 1918; promoted in\n         1925 to general superintendent in charge of mine plants,\n         coke ovens, shops, repairs, and construction; A. L.\n         Monteith: assistant superintendent of mines, ca. 1918;\n         George T. Wickes: manager of Covington mines, ca.\n         1906-1917; Ross Howell, ca. 1918. Stack Mines\n         Superintendents: J. H. Carpenter: ca. 1906; C. D.\n         Oberschain: ca. 1907; J. L. Harris: ca. 1903; John S. Ham:\n         ca. 1891-1901. Rich Patch Mines Superintendents: John R.\n         Thompson: foreman, ca. 1906. Low Moor assorted other\n         personnel: S. L. Tulley: trainmaster, ca. 1906; B. J.\n         Shenkley: foreman, Low Moor limestone quarries; L. Q. Wood:\n         assistant traffic manager, ca. 1919.","The Low Moor Iron Company papers consist of\n         approximately 280 four-inch Hollinger archives boxes (ca.\n         95 linear feet) of records, ca. 1885-1927, and some 1200\n         bound volumes of the company's accounting records,\n         1873-1927, of this iron producing company located in Low\n         Moor (four miles southwest of Clifton Forge), Alleghany\n         County, Virginia.","This material consists of records typical of those\n         produced by a firm of this type in the period, but as the\n         company owned its own coal and iron mines and limestone\n         quarries, there is considerable information about the\n         production of these raw materials. Large numbers of the\n         records that deal with the company's employees have\n         survived: time books, payroll books, hands ledgers, and the\n         like. Because these books sometimes include information\n         about the employee's trade or job with the company, and as\n         race is indicated in some of the records, these books\n         should provide date for studies of the structure and upward\n         mobility within the labor force, patterns of\n         ethnic--possibly racial--occupational penetration and\n         mobility, material conditions of the workers, and so on.\n         The papers should permit a range of studies detailing the\n         pattern and evolution of industrial organization in the\n         iron industry, and the evolution of markets and marketing\n         structures for the entire period. Because the company was\n         dependent upon railroads to move its raw materials to the\n         furnaces, and for the marketing of its products, there is\n         considerable information about railroads and their\n         relationship to their customers.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n 1873-1927"],"collection_ssim":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n 1873-1927"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["662"],"unitid_tesim":["662"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from Green Bookman in\n            1939."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["95 linear feer + 1200\n         volumes"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe word \"organization\" is used here with considerable\n         diffidence, for any researcher studying the container list\n         that follows will realize quickly that there is no\n         organization in the usual sense of the word.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eAs noted under \"Provenance,\" the Low Moor Iron Company\n         papers were subjected to a number of moves; when processing\n         began in the fall of 1976, no discernible scheme of\n         organization could be determined.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe first step was to review the series of coded numbers\n         placed on the bundles of papers before they were moved to\n         the dormitory attic, but these did not provide any sort of\n         useful organization. Next, the spine titles of the original\n         letter boxes were reviewed (they had been copied onto the\n         gray cardboard sheets before the move to the dormitory\n         attic), but they, too, proved useless.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThese steps having provided no scheme, and after a\n         considerable hiatus due to a turnover in student processors\n         on the collection, the new student processors were\n         instructed to begin a box-by-box inventory of the contents\n         of the collection. During this inventory, old folders were\n         replaced with acid-free ones, and the original folder\n         headings were copied onto the new ones. Some removal of\n         paper clips was accomplished, and the materials were\n         reviewed and notes taken for the guide.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSome consolidation of materials was accomplished, and in\n         other cases, materials were moved. This work has created\n         some problems in the numbering of the boxes. Thus, the\n         researchers will find boxes marked \"6A\" and \"23C\"; he will\n         also discover that certain box numbers have been entirely\n         omitted. As the box numbers exist only to aid in the\n         location of material, it was not felt that the unusual\n         numbers and the omissions would cause problems in working\n         with the papers.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eA certain amount of movement of boxes within the\n         collection, and of materials among boxes, probably would\n         ease use of it. But what processing was accomplished on\n         this project took far longer than had been anticipated, and\n         there was no time in the late spring of 1978, when the\n         processors had to complete their work with the project, to\n         undertake a mass movement of material. Thus, they stand in\n         the order in which we found them at the beginning of the\n         project.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Organization"],"arrangement_tesim":["The word \"organization\" is used here with considerable\n         diffidence, for any researcher studying the container list\n         that follows will realize quickly that there is no\n         organization in the usual sense of the word.","As noted under \"Provenance,\" the Low Moor Iron Company\n         papers were subjected to a number of moves; when processing\n         began in the fall of 1976, no discernible scheme of\n         organization could be determined.","The first step was to review the series of coded numbers\n         placed on the bundles of papers before they were moved to\n         the dormitory attic, but these did not provide any sort of\n         useful organization. Next, the spine titles of the original\n         letter boxes were reviewed (they had been copied onto the\n         gray cardboard sheets before the move to the dormitory\n         attic), but they, too, proved useless.","These steps having provided no scheme, and after a\n         considerable hiatus due to a turnover in student processors\n         on the collection, the new student processors were\n         instructed to begin a box-by-box inventory of the contents\n         of the collection. During this inventory, old folders were\n         replaced with acid-free ones, and the original folder\n         headings were copied onto the new ones. Some removal of\n         paper clips was accomplished, and the materials were\n         reviewed and notes taken for the guide.","Some consolidation of materials was accomplished, and in\n         other cases, materials were moved. This work has created\n         some problems in the numbering of the boxes. Thus, the\n         researchers will find boxes marked \"6A\" and \"23C\"; he will\n         also discover that certain box numbers have been entirely\n         omitted. As the box numbers exist only to aid in the\n         location of material, it was not felt that the unusual\n         numbers and the omissions would cause problems in working\n         with the papers.","A certain amount of movement of boxes within the\n         collection, and of materials among boxes, probably would\n         ease use of it. But what processing was accomplished on\n         this project took far longer than had been anticipated, and\n         there was no time in the late spring of 1978, when the\n         processors had to complete their work with the project, to\n         undertake a mass movement of material. Thus, they stand in\n         the order in which we found them at the beginning of the\n         project."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Low Moor Iron Company, the first producer of pig\n         iron in Virginia according to the company's claims, was a\n         self-contained manufacturing unit producing from its own\n         mines the coal, limestone, and iron ore needed for its iron\n         production. Located in Low Moor near Clifton Forge in\n         Alleghany County in western Virginia, an area rich in\n         mineral deposits, the company was in operation from\n         1872-1930, producing only pig iron; it never attempted to\n         produce finished iron products.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eCoal came to the Low Moor furnaces from the Kay Moor\n         Mines at Kay Moor, West Virginia, about thirty miles from\n         Low Moor; limestone was produced from the Low Moor\n         limestone quarries; and iron ore came from the Fenwick,\n         Dolly Ann, Jordan, Rich Patch, Low Moor, and Longdale\n         Mines, most of them within twenty miles of Low Moor at\n         Covington or Clifton Forge.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe towns of Low Moor and Kay Moor were company towns in\n         every respect. Workers lived in company-owned houses,\n         bought food in company stores, worshiped at the company\n         church, saw movies in the company theater, were treated in\n         the company hospital, and were buried in the company\n         cemetery. Workers received part of their pay in scrip that\n         they exchanged for goods and services. According to a\n         statement from the Kay Moor Mines dated November 1904, Kay\n         Moor then employed 338 people, paid them an average wage of\n         $36.26 per month, and issued half of their pay in scrip.\n         Kay Moor had four stores; Low Moor had seven or eight. All\n         of these stores carried large inventories which are\n         detailed in the collection. These inventories are valuable\n         to anyone interested in determining the wants and needs of\n         a coal miner and his family.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn the late 1910's and 1920's Kay Moor had a company\n         theater called the Azure Theater which seated about 300\n         people. There were also plans for a company-owned social\n         center, to have pool tables, a soda fountain, and\n         provisions for dancing and skating. The company was in\n         tough economic straits by the 1920's, however, and there is\n         no evidence that the social center was built. The town of\n         Low Moor was so completely under the company's influence\n         that one of Low Moor Iron Company's assistant managers\n         served as the town sheriff. He often foreclosed on people\n         who did not pay their debts, and drove troublesome people\n         \"out of town on a rail\" as he put it.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe Low Moor Iron Company's fortunes fluctuated during\n         the various business cycles between the years 1880-1930.\n         Low Moor was one of the larger pig iron producers in\n         Virginia, but Virginia pig iron production was not\n         important nationally. Low Moor officials sometimes sold\n         their product themselves, but more often they used agents,\n         the prevalent method at the time. Low Moor Iron Company\n         used a variety of agents through the 1900's. James F. Bryan\n         acted as the exclusive agent for the sale of Kay Moor Coal\n         from September 21, 1903 to September, 1905. From about 1890\n         until about 1910 Dalton Nash and Company were the exclusive\n         eastern agents of Low Moor Iron. After that time the\n         exclusive agency went to Philips Isham and Company located\n         in New York. From about 1890 the western agency was handled\n         chiefly by Thomas Mack and Company. After 1902 Thomas Mack\n         and Company underwent a name change, becoming Walter\n         Wallingford and Company, with offices located in\n         Cincinnati, Pittsburgh, and Chicago.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003ePerhaps the Low Moor Iron Company's biggest problem over\n         the years was obtaining railroad cars for the\n         transportation of its finished product. Low Moor Iron\n         Company had its own cars for transporting its raw materials\n         among its various facilities. For the long haul necessary\n         for its finished goods, however, it depended upon the\n         services of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad, and the\n         relationship was not always a happy one. The Low Moor\n         Company complained many times to the C \u0026amp; O Railroad\n         about the discrepancies between long-and shorthaul freight\n         rates. Low Moor also had trouble getting cars from the C\n         \u0026amp; O. In a letter to one of Low Moor Company's agents\n         from an irate customer dated 1898, the customer wrote: \"We\n         wrote you on Saturday and endeavored to question upon your\n         mind the necessity of taking care of us with Low Moor iron.\n         We are on our uppers--there is not a pound of Low Moor iron\n         in the yard. Of the one hundred tons ordered some time ago,\n         not one pound of it has been received.\" This was, according\n         to the Low Moor Iron Company, because they could not get\n         the railroad cars. In a letter from Thomas Mack and Company\n         dated November 26, 1901, to General Manager E. C. Means:\n         \"We are hopeful that the car supply will get better because\n         of the number of orders you have of ours for prompt\n         shipment. Our customers are complaining that they are not\n         getting the iron fast enough. . . . We hope that the\n         railroad will be able to supply you with empty cars.\" In\n         another letter dated 1916 to John B. Guernsey, then acting\n         General Manager of the Low Moor Iron Company, \"We were not\n         supplied with coke cars for today's loading, and\n         consequently we have been practically down of Kay Moor\n         ovens all day.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe problem of procuring labor also plagued the Low Moor\n         Company. The company sometimes tried to hire immigrant\n         laborers and send the men directly to Low Moor from New\n         York City. There were problems with this, as is explained\n         in the following letter dated April 7, 1906: \n         \u003cblockquote\u003e\u003cp\u003eTo Mr. George Wickes \n            \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSupt. of Mines \n            \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eKay Moor, Virginia \n            \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDear George, \n            \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eTony arrived with twenty one men last night. One\n            got away in Jersey two in Washington D.C., four in\n            Charlottesville. Some of the men are very good looking,\n            but taken as a whole they are the worst lot I have ever\n            seen: Irish, German-Jews, and Italians. . . . Our New\n            York transportations to this place have never been a\n            success.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSigned, \n            \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eEd D. Wickes Supt. of Mines\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/blockquote\u003eLow Moor usually employed labor agencies, one\n         of which was Atwood's Employment Agency. Often the Low Moor\n         Company would request certain nationalities, believing them\n         to be better workers than others. Sometimes the company\n         would request a gang of twenty made up of \"ten Greeks and\n         ten Italians.\" Many of the immigrants fled Low Moor and Kay\n         Moor when they learned that they would have to work\n         underground. There is a fair amount of material on\n         immigrant labor and its procurement in the collection, and\n         it is noted in the description of the box contents.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eLow Moor Iron Company not only had trouble procuring\n         labor, but it also had trouble with labor already employed\n         in the mines and at the factory. Labor dissension and\n         strikes troubled the Kay Moor Mines through the 1900's. The\n         great coal strike of 1902 hurt the Low Moor Company's coal\n         mining operation, but by 1903 things were \"nearly back to\n         normal\" according to the mine superintendent. There was\n         still trouble at Kay Moor Mines, however. In a letter dated\n         April 26, 1906, to the treasurer of Low Moor Company, the\n         manager of the mines wrote about the trouble in \"trying to\n         get the agitators out.\" The mines were seventy-five men\n         short of the total labor force needed because many of the\n         coal miners returned to their farms during the spring.\n         There were rumblings of another strike at Kay Moor, the\n         result of which was to be a fourteen percent increase in\n         wages for the Kay Moor Mine workers via an agreement with\n         the United Mine Workers Union in December.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe Low Moor Iron Company grew along with the rest of\n         Virginia industry in the 1890's and 1900's. Starting with\n         only one furnace in the 1870's, it opened a second furnace\n         at Covington, Virginia, in 1891. In 1911 it opened a third\n         furnace, this time at Low Moor. Covington, with its heavy\n         industry, soon became known as the \"Pittsburgh of\n         Virginia.\" Virginia's pig iron production rose from 9,000\n         short tons in 1870 to 544,034 long tons in 1903. Judging\n         from the Low Moor Company's correspondence, the most\n         prosperous period for the company fell between the years\n         1895-1907. In the years between 1907-1917 problems befell\n         the Virginia pig iron industry. In a letter from William W.\n         Hearns, the president of the Virginia based Princess Pig\n         Iron Company, to U. S. Senator Thomas S. Martin, Hearns\n         writes of the problems of the Virginia pig iron industry:\n         \"There is not a blast furnace in Virginia that is making\n         any money from the manufacture of pig iron. The cause of\n         this is there is an exceedingly low price on pig iron in\n         the country at the present time, and the increased cost of\n         manufacturing is due to the increase in wages in all\n         lines.\" With the outbreak of World War I prices rose\n         dramatically, but in a market report to Low Moor dated\n         November 11, 1916, it was stated that: \"In spite of the\n         high prices, it is not a picnic to be in the iron industry.\n         There is a desperate shortage of cars and equipment in the\n         coal and iron districts, and in consequence there are\n         troubles of all kinds to get materials shipped. The\n         situation has grown serious.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eWhen America became involved in the First World War, it\n         meant a boost for the Low Moor Iron Company. The government\n         helped it procure labor, and even helped it repair its\n         furnaces. The problem of supplies and cars for their\n         shipments, however, plagued the company more than ever. It\n         had a good deal of trouble getting all the raw materials it\n         needed due chiefly to the \"tight ship\" run by Harry F.\n         Byrd, Sr., U.S. Fuel Administrator for Virginia. After the\n         war very serious problems began to trouble the Low Moor\n         Iron Company. The demand for iron fell precipitously and a\n         short but severe depression ensued from 1919-1922. The\n         depression seemed to hit the iron industry especially hard.\n         Prices took a huge drop due to the lack of demand, and many\n         pre-war contracts had to be revalued. To compound the\n         company's problems, the Kay Moor Mines went on strike in\n         1919. This strike was quickly settled, as the market for\n         coal was so good that the Low Moor Company ceased taking\n         orders temporarily in 1921 as it could not fill the orders\n         it had on hand.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe Low Moor Company furnaces lay idle for some twenty\n         months. Finally, in November 1922 one of Low Moor's\n         furnaces was finally fired up. While prosperity gradually\n         returned to the rest of the country, the Low Moor Iron\n         Company never recovered. Production of pig iron in the\n         Virginia iron industry declined from 544,034 tons in 1903\n         to 148,053 tons in 1923, considered a good year for the\n         industry as a whole. In February 1926 Low Moor officials\n         talked of merging with two other iron companies in order to\n         revive the iron business for the three companies. The\n         merger, however, never occurred. By late 1926 the company\n         was in the process of liquidation. An advertisement in the\n         Charleston, West Virginia, Daily Mail dated April 30, 1927,\n         told of a huge warehouse sale at the Low Moor Iron Company.\n         The advertisement noted \"thousands of screws, pipe\n         fittings, valves, etc.\" The last piece of correspondence\n         from the Low Moor Iron Company in the collection is dated\n         1929. It deals with the sale of a machine.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eWhy did the iron industry in Virginia decline as it did?\n         Some say that lack of speed, efficiency, and a decent\n         transportation system for Alleghany County caused it. In a\n         letter from C. E. Bertie, secretary of the Virginia Pig\n         Iron Association, to the \n         \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eManufacturers Record\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003edated 1925, Bertie claimed that it was the\n         tremendous rise in the cost of transportation. Virginia, he\n         claimed, had almost no home market. Over 80% of its normal\n         production was shipped out to other states. The failure of\n         the Interstate Commerce Commission to treat Virginia\n         furnaces as southern furnaces was the cause of much of the\n         trouble. From 1914-1925 there were four blanket increases\n         in freight rates in the country, of which only one applied\n         equally to all localities. Southern furnaces were received\n         only two increases--a 25% increase in 1918 and a 25%\n         increase in 1920--but northern furnaces had had 5%, 15%,\n         25%, and 40% increases in their transportation costs.\n         Virginia furnaces, although recognized as southern\n         furnaces, had had freight rates increased in line with the\n         northern furnaces. Prior to the war Virginia iron reached\n         all points in Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, and Illinois on a\n         competitive basis with southern furnaces. After World War I\n         the advantage was limited to a small portion of\n         southeastern Ohio. All of Indiana, Illinois, and Michigan\n         were now lost to the Virginia producers. The Virginia\n         producer, according to Bertie, felt that the freight rates\n         should be restored to a relationship with southern\n         furnaces. If what Bertie said was true, the other southern\n         states iron industries should not have been in the same\n         desperate economic straits as Virginia's, and statistics\n         should support this. In the 1920's production rose to new\n         heights in Alabama. In Tennessee, however, iron production\n         plunged to new lows during the 1920's. While the south\n         accounted for 10.2% of the entire U. S. production in the\n         years 1919-1924, Virginia accounted for less than 1% during\n         those years. In 1915 Virginia accounted for over 6% of the\n         U.S. iron production. One can see a decline in other areas\n         of the south than Virginia. While the discrepancies in the\n         freight rates may have helped cause the decline, clearly\n         there are other reasons.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eDuring the 1900's there was a discovery of extremely\n         rich iron ore deposits in the mid-west. Much of this ore\n         was on or near the surface, making the mining of it both\n         easy and inexpensive. This in turn lowered production costs\n         of the pig iron. This caused iron production to shift to\n         that region, and resulted in a decline in the Virginia iron\n         industry. There was a sharp increase in iron production in\n         the mid-west through the 1920's. The iron ore in the\n         mid-west may have been of better quality than Virginia, but\n         the iron ore in Virginia was of sufficient quality to\n         produce a good pig iron. The western ore deposits were not\n         as conveniently located as Virginia deposits, but the\n         inexpensiveness of production more than made up for it.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn examining the rise and fall of the Low Moor Iron\n         Company, we can see a situation in which the conditions for\n         the manufacture of iron were nearly ideal. There was plenty\n         of land for expansion and resources for the manufacture of\n         the iron. The major internal problem faced by the Low Moor\n         Iron Company was that of transportation. External\n         developments, however, caused the final demise of the Low\n         Moor Iron Company.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eLow Moor Iron Company Personnel:\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eExecutive Staff: Managing Director, Colonel H. M.\n         Goodwin: ca. 1881. General Managers: H. G. Merry: ca.\n         1884-1902; E. C. Means: ca. 1905-1915; J. P. Guernsey: ca.\n         1915 (acting General Manager); F. U. Humbert: ca.\n         1916-1929. Assistant General Manager: E. B. Wilkinson: ca.\n         1909-1915. Treasurers and Assistant Treasurers: Edward Low:\n         ca. 1886-1898; Frank Lyman (in New York): ca. 1898-1919; S.\n         G. Cragill (Asst. Treasurer): ca. 1900-1915; H. A. Dalton:\n         ca. 1921-1929; John Lipscomb (Asst. Treasurer): ca.\n         1918-1928.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eFactory and Mine Supervisors: Kay Moor Superintendents:\n         C. C. Cooke: ca. 1918; Ed. D. Wickes: ca. 1906; H. L.\n         Tansell: ca. 1903; A. H. Reed: ca. 1906. Kay Moor Managers:\n         J. W. Monteith: manager of mines. ca. 1918; promoted in\n         1925 to general superintendent in charge of mine plants,\n         coke ovens, shops, repairs, and construction; A. L.\n         Monteith: assistant superintendent of mines, ca. 1918;\n         George T. Wickes: manager of Covington mines, ca.\n         1906-1917; Ross Howell, ca. 1918. Stack Mines\n         Superintendents: J. H. Carpenter: ca. 1906; C. D.\n         Oberschain: ca. 1907; J. L. Harris: ca. 1903; John S. Ham:\n         ca. 1891-1901. Rich Patch Mines Superintendents: John R.\n         Thompson: foreman, ca. 1906. Low Moor assorted other\n         personnel: S. L. Tulley: trainmaster, ca. 1906; B. J.\n         Shenkley: foreman, Low Moor limestone quarries; L. Q. Wood:\n         assistant traffic manager, ca. 1919.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Low Moor Iron Company, the first producer of pig\n         iron in Virginia according to the company's claims, was a\n         self-contained manufacturing unit producing from its own\n         mines the coal, limestone, and iron ore needed for its iron\n         production. Located in Low Moor near Clifton Forge in\n         Alleghany County in western Virginia, an area rich in\n         mineral deposits, the company was in operation from\n         1872-1930, producing only pig iron; it never attempted to\n         produce finished iron products.","Coal came to the Low Moor furnaces from the Kay Moor\n         Mines at Kay Moor, West Virginia, about thirty miles from\n         Low Moor; limestone was produced from the Low Moor\n         limestone quarries; and iron ore came from the Fenwick,\n         Dolly Ann, Jordan, Rich Patch, Low Moor, and Longdale\n         Mines, most of them within twenty miles of Low Moor at\n         Covington or Clifton Forge.","The towns of Low Moor and Kay Moor were company towns in\n         every respect. Workers lived in company-owned houses,\n         bought food in company stores, worshiped at the company\n         church, saw movies in the company theater, were treated in\n         the company hospital, and were buried in the company\n         cemetery. Workers received part of their pay in scrip that\n         they exchanged for goods and services. According to a\n         statement from the Kay Moor Mines dated November 1904, Kay\n         Moor then employed 338 people, paid them an average wage of\n         $36.26 per month, and issued half of their pay in scrip.\n         Kay Moor had four stores; Low Moor had seven or eight. All\n         of these stores carried large inventories which are\n         detailed in the collection. These inventories are valuable\n         to anyone interested in determining the wants and needs of\n         a coal miner and his family.","In the late 1910's and 1920's Kay Moor had a company\n         theater called the Azure Theater which seated about 300\n         people. There were also plans for a company-owned social\n         center, to have pool tables, a soda fountain, and\n         provisions for dancing and skating. The company was in\n         tough economic straits by the 1920's, however, and there is\n         no evidence that the social center was built. The town of\n         Low Moor was so completely under the company's influence\n         that one of Low Moor Iron Company's assistant managers\n         served as the town sheriff. He often foreclosed on people\n         who did not pay their debts, and drove troublesome people\n         \"out of town on a rail\" as he put it.","The Low Moor Iron Company's fortunes fluctuated during\n         the various business cycles between the years 1880-1930.\n         Low Moor was one of the larger pig iron producers in\n         Virginia, but Virginia pig iron production was not\n         important nationally. Low Moor officials sometimes sold\n         their product themselves, but more often they used agents,\n         the prevalent method at the time. Low Moor Iron Company\n         used a variety of agents through the 1900's. James F. Bryan\n         acted as the exclusive agent for the sale of Kay Moor Coal\n         from September 21, 1903 to September, 1905. From about 1890\n         until about 1910 Dalton Nash and Company were the exclusive\n         eastern agents of Low Moor Iron. After that time the\n         exclusive agency went to Philips Isham and Company located\n         in New York. From about 1890 the western agency was handled\n         chiefly by Thomas Mack and Company. After 1902 Thomas Mack\n         and Company underwent a name change, becoming Walter\n         Wallingford and Company, with offices located in\n         Cincinnati, Pittsburgh, and Chicago.","Perhaps the Low Moor Iron Company's biggest problem over\n         the years was obtaining railroad cars for the\n         transportation of its finished product. Low Moor Iron\n         Company had its own cars for transporting its raw materials\n         among its various facilities. For the long haul necessary\n         for its finished goods, however, it depended upon the\n         services of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad, and the\n         relationship was not always a happy one. The Low Moor\n         Company complained many times to the C \u0026 O Railroad\n         about the discrepancies between long-and shorthaul freight\n         rates. Low Moor also had trouble getting cars from the C\n         \u0026 O. In a letter to one of Low Moor Company's agents\n         from an irate customer dated 1898, the customer wrote: \"We\n         wrote you on Saturday and endeavored to question upon your\n         mind the necessity of taking care of us with Low Moor iron.\n         We are on our uppers--there is not a pound of Low Moor iron\n         in the yard. Of the one hundred tons ordered some time ago,\n         not one pound of it has been received.\" This was, according\n         to the Low Moor Iron Company, because they could not get\n         the railroad cars. In a letter from Thomas Mack and Company\n         dated November 26, 1901, to General Manager E. C. Means:\n         \"We are hopeful that the car supply will get better because\n         of the number of orders you have of ours for prompt\n         shipment. Our customers are complaining that they are not\n         getting the iron fast enough. . . . We hope that the\n         railroad will be able to supply you with empty cars.\" In\n         another letter dated 1916 to John B. Guernsey, then acting\n         General Manager of the Low Moor Iron Company, \"We were not\n         supplied with coke cars for today's loading, and\n         consequently we have been practically down of Kay Moor\n         ovens all day.\"","The problem of procuring labor also plagued the Low Moor\n         Company. The company sometimes tried to hire immigrant\n         laborers and send the men directly to Low Moor from New\n         York City. There were problems with this, as is explained\n         in the following letter dated April 7, 1906: \n         To Mr. George Wickes \n            Supt. of Mines \n            Kay Moor, Virginia \n            Dear George, \n            Tony arrived with twenty one men last night. One\n            got away in Jersey two in Washington D.C., four in\n            Charlottesville. Some of the men are very good looking,\n            but taken as a whole they are the worst lot I have ever\n            seen: Irish, German-Jews, and Italians. . . . Our New\n            York transportations to this place have never been a\n            success.Signed, \n            Ed D. Wickes Supt. of MinesLow Moor usually employed labor agencies, one\n         of which was Atwood's Employment Agency. Often the Low Moor\n         Company would request certain nationalities, believing them\n         to be better workers than others. Sometimes the company\n         would request a gang of twenty made up of \"ten Greeks and\n         ten Italians.\" Many of the immigrants fled Low Moor and Kay\n         Moor when they learned that they would have to work\n         underground. There is a fair amount of material on\n         immigrant labor and its procurement in the collection, and\n         it is noted in the description of the box contents.","Low Moor Iron Company not only had trouble procuring\n         labor, but it also had trouble with labor already employed\n         in the mines and at the factory. Labor dissension and\n         strikes troubled the Kay Moor Mines through the 1900's. The\n         great coal strike of 1902 hurt the Low Moor Company's coal\n         mining operation, but by 1903 things were \"nearly back to\n         normal\" according to the mine superintendent. There was\n         still trouble at Kay Moor Mines, however. In a letter dated\n         April 26, 1906, to the treasurer of Low Moor Company, the\n         manager of the mines wrote about the trouble in \"trying to\n         get the agitators out.\" The mines were seventy-five men\n         short of the total labor force needed because many of the\n         coal miners returned to their farms during the spring.\n         There were rumblings of another strike at Kay Moor, the\n         result of which was to be a fourteen percent increase in\n         wages for the Kay Moor Mine workers via an agreement with\n         the United Mine Workers Union in December.","The Low Moor Iron Company grew along with the rest of\n         Virginia industry in the 1890's and 1900's. Starting with\n         only one furnace in the 1870's, it opened a second furnace\n         at Covington, Virginia, in 1891. In 1911 it opened a third\n         furnace, this time at Low Moor. Covington, with its heavy\n         industry, soon became known as the \"Pittsburgh of\n         Virginia.\" Virginia's pig iron production rose from 9,000\n         short tons in 1870 to 544,034 long tons in 1903. Judging\n         from the Low Moor Company's correspondence, the most\n         prosperous period for the company fell between the years\n         1895-1907. In the years between 1907-1917 problems befell\n         the Virginia pig iron industry. In a letter from William W.\n         Hearns, the president of the Virginia based Princess Pig\n         Iron Company, to U. S. Senator Thomas S. Martin, Hearns\n         writes of the problems of the Virginia pig iron industry:\n         \"There is not a blast furnace in Virginia that is making\n         any money from the manufacture of pig iron. The cause of\n         this is there is an exceedingly low price on pig iron in\n         the country at the present time, and the increased cost of\n         manufacturing is due to the increase in wages in all\n         lines.\" With the outbreak of World War I prices rose\n         dramatically, but in a market report to Low Moor dated\n         November 11, 1916, it was stated that: \"In spite of the\n         high prices, it is not a picnic to be in the iron industry.\n         There is a desperate shortage of cars and equipment in the\n         coal and iron districts, and in consequence there are\n         troubles of all kinds to get materials shipped. The\n         situation has grown serious.\"","When America became involved in the First World War, it\n         meant a boost for the Low Moor Iron Company. The government\n         helped it procure labor, and even helped it repair its\n         furnaces. The problem of supplies and cars for their\n         shipments, however, plagued the company more than ever. It\n         had a good deal of trouble getting all the raw materials it\n         needed due chiefly to the \"tight ship\" run by Harry F.\n         Byrd, Sr., U.S. Fuel Administrator for Virginia. After the\n         war very serious problems began to trouble the Low Moor\n         Iron Company. The demand for iron fell precipitously and a\n         short but severe depression ensued from 1919-1922. The\n         depression seemed to hit the iron industry especially hard.\n         Prices took a huge drop due to the lack of demand, and many\n         pre-war contracts had to be revalued. To compound the\n         company's problems, the Kay Moor Mines went on strike in\n         1919. This strike was quickly settled, as the market for\n         coal was so good that the Low Moor Company ceased taking\n         orders temporarily in 1921 as it could not fill the orders\n         it had on hand.","The Low Moor Company furnaces lay idle for some twenty\n         months. Finally, in November 1922 one of Low Moor's\n         furnaces was finally fired up. While prosperity gradually\n         returned to the rest of the country, the Low Moor Iron\n         Company never recovered. Production of pig iron in the\n         Virginia iron industry declined from 544,034 tons in 1903\n         to 148,053 tons in 1923, considered a good year for the\n         industry as a whole. In February 1926 Low Moor officials\n         talked of merging with two other iron companies in order to\n         revive the iron business for the three companies. The\n         merger, however, never occurred. By late 1926 the company\n         was in the process of liquidation. An advertisement in the\n         Charleston, West Virginia, Daily Mail dated April 30, 1927,\n         told of a huge warehouse sale at the Low Moor Iron Company.\n         The advertisement noted \"thousands of screws, pipe\n         fittings, valves, etc.\" The last piece of correspondence\n         from the Low Moor Iron Company in the collection is dated\n         1929. It deals with the sale of a machine.","Why did the iron industry in Virginia decline as it did?\n         Some say that lack of speed, efficiency, and a decent\n         transportation system for Alleghany County caused it. In a\n         letter from C. E. Bertie, secretary of the Virginia Pig\n         Iron Association, to the \n         Manufacturers Recorddated 1925, Bertie claimed that it was the\n         tremendous rise in the cost of transportation. Virginia, he\n         claimed, had almost no home market. Over 80% of its normal\n         production was shipped out to other states. The failure of\n         the Interstate Commerce Commission to treat Virginia\n         furnaces as southern furnaces was the cause of much of the\n         trouble. From 1914-1925 there were four blanket increases\n         in freight rates in the country, of which only one applied\n         equally to all localities. Southern furnaces were received\n         only two increases--a 25% increase in 1918 and a 25%\n         increase in 1920--but northern furnaces had had 5%, 15%,\n         25%, and 40% increases in their transportation costs.\n         Virginia furnaces, although recognized as southern\n         furnaces, had had freight rates increased in line with the\n         northern furnaces. Prior to the war Virginia iron reached\n         all points in Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, and Illinois on a\n         competitive basis with southern furnaces. After World War I\n         the advantage was limited to a small portion of\n         southeastern Ohio. All of Indiana, Illinois, and Michigan\n         were now lost to the Virginia producers. The Virginia\n         producer, according to Bertie, felt that the freight rates\n         should be restored to a relationship with southern\n         furnaces. If what Bertie said was true, the other southern\n         states iron industries should not have been in the same\n         desperate economic straits as Virginia's, and statistics\n         should support this. In the 1920's production rose to new\n         heights in Alabama. In Tennessee, however, iron production\n         plunged to new lows during the 1920's. While the south\n         accounted for 10.2% of the entire U. S. production in the\n         years 1919-1924, Virginia accounted for less than 1% during\n         those years. In 1915 Virginia accounted for over 6% of the\n         U.S. iron production. One can see a decline in other areas\n         of the south than Virginia. While the discrepancies in the\n         freight rates may have helped cause the decline, clearly\n         there are other reasons.","During the 1900's there was a discovery of extremely\n         rich iron ore deposits in the mid-west. Much of this ore\n         was on or near the surface, making the mining of it both\n         easy and inexpensive. This in turn lowered production costs\n         of the pig iron. This caused iron production to shift to\n         that region, and resulted in a decline in the Virginia iron\n         industry. There was a sharp increase in iron production in\n         the mid-west through the 1920's. The iron ore in the\n         mid-west may have been of better quality than Virginia, but\n         the iron ore in Virginia was of sufficient quality to\n         produce a good pig iron. The western ore deposits were not\n         as conveniently located as Virginia deposits, but the\n         inexpensiveness of production more than made up for it.","In examining the rise and fall of the Low Moor Iron\n         Company, we can see a situation in which the conditions for\n         the manufacture of iron were nearly ideal. There was plenty\n         of land for expansion and resources for the manufacture of\n         the iron. The major internal problem faced by the Low Moor\n         Iron Company was that of transportation. External\n         developments, however, caused the final demise of the Low\n         Moor Iron Company.","Low Moor Iron Company Personnel:","Executive Staff: Managing Director, Colonel H. M.\n         Goodwin: ca. 1881. General Managers: H. G. Merry: ca.\n         1884-1902; E. C. Means: ca. 1905-1915; J. P. Guernsey: ca.\n         1915 (acting General Manager); F. U. Humbert: ca.\n         1916-1929. Assistant General Manager: E. B. Wilkinson: ca.\n         1909-1915. Treasurers and Assistant Treasurers: Edward Low:\n         ca. 1886-1898; Frank Lyman (in New York): ca. 1898-1919; S.\n         G. Cragill (Asst. Treasurer): ca. 1900-1915; H. A. Dalton:\n         ca. 1921-1929; John Lipscomb (Asst. Treasurer): ca.\n         1918-1928.","Factory and Mine Supervisors: Kay Moor Superintendents:\n         C. C. Cooke: ca. 1918; Ed. D. Wickes: ca. 1906; H. L.\n         Tansell: ca. 1903; A. H. Reed: ca. 1906. Kay Moor Managers:\n         J. W. Monteith: manager of mines. ca. 1918; promoted in\n         1925 to general superintendent in charge of mine plants,\n         coke ovens, shops, repairs, and construction; A. L.\n         Monteith: assistant superintendent of mines, ca. 1918;\n         George T. Wickes: manager of Covington mines, ca.\n         1906-1917; Ross Howell, ca. 1918. Stack Mines\n         Superintendents: J. H. Carpenter: ca. 1906; C. D.\n         Oberschain: ca. 1907; J. L. Harris: ca. 1903; John S. Ham:\n         ca. 1891-1901. Rich Patch Mines Superintendents: John R.\n         Thompson: foreman, ca. 1906. Low Moor assorted other\n         personnel: S. L. Tulley: trainmaster, ca. 1906; B. J.\n         Shenkley: foreman, Low Moor limestone quarries; L. Q. Wood:\n         assistant traffic manager, ca. 1919."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Low Moor Iron Company papers consist of\n         approximately 280 four-inch Hollinger archives boxes (ca.\n         95 linear feet) of records, ca. 1885-1927, and some 1200\n         bound volumes of the company's accounting records,\n         1873-1927, of this iron producing company located in Low\n         Moor (four miles southwest of Clifton Forge), Alleghany\n         County, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThis material consists of records typical of those\n         produced by a firm of this type in the period, but as the\n         company owned its own coal and iron mines and limestone\n         quarries, there is considerable information about the\n         production of these raw materials. Large numbers of the\n         records that deal with the company's employees have\n         survived: time books, payroll books, hands ledgers, and the\n         like. Because these books sometimes include information\n         about the employee's trade or job with the company, and as\n         race is indicated in some of the records, these books\n         should provide date for studies of the structure and upward\n         mobility within the labor force, patterns of\n         ethnic--possibly racial--occupational penetration and\n         mobility, material conditions of the workers, and so on.\n         The papers should permit a range of studies detailing the\n         pattern and evolution of industrial organization in the\n         iron industry, and the evolution of markets and marketing\n         structures for the entire period. Because the company was\n         dependent upon railroads to move its raw materials to the\n         furnaces, and for the marketing of its products, there is\n         considerable information about railroads and their\n         relationship to their customers.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Low Moor Iron Company papers consist of\n         approximately 280 four-inch Hollinger archives boxes (ca.\n         95 linear feet) of records, ca. 1885-1927, and some 1200\n         bound volumes of the company's accounting records,\n         1873-1927, of this iron producing company located in Low\n         Moor (four miles southwest of Clifton Forge), Alleghany\n         County, Virginia.","This material consists of records typical of those\n         produced by a firm of this type in the period, but as the\n         company owned its own coal and iron mines and limestone\n         quarries, there is considerable information about the\n         production of these raw materials. Large numbers of the\n         records that deal with the company's employees have\n         survived: time books, payroll books, hands ledgers, and the\n         like. Because these books sometimes include information\n         about the employee's trade or job with the company, and as\n         race is indicated in some of the records, these books\n         should provide date for studies of the structure and upward\n         mobility within the labor force, patterns of\n         ethnic--possibly racial--occupational penetration and\n         mobility, material conditions of the workers, and so on.\n         The papers should permit a range of studies detailing the\n         pattern and evolution of industrial organization in the\n         iron industry, and the evolution of markets and marketing\n         structures for the entire period. Because the company was\n         dependent upon railroads to move its raw materials to the\n         furnaces, and for the marketing of its products, there is\n         considerable information about railroads and their\n         relationship to their customers."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":1879,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:43:37.384Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_viu00917_c01_c04_c01"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3169_c01_c01_c01","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Abingdon, Virginia, 1910/1928","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3169_c01_c01_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3169_c01_c01_c01","ref_ssm":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3169_c01_c01_c01"],"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3169_c01_c01_c01","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3169","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3169","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3169_c01_c01","parent_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3169_c01_c01","parent_ssim":["Chapman J. French Papers, 1903/1957","Series I. Professional Papers, 1900/1957","Aa-Ao"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3169","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3169_c01","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3169_c01_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"Abingdon, Virginia","title_ssm":["Abingdon, Virginia"],"title_tesim":["Abingdon, Virginia"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Abingdon, Virginia, 1910/1928"],"text":["Abingdon, Virginia, 1910/1928","Chapman J. French Papers, 1903/1957","Series I. Professional Papers, 1900/1957","Aa-Ao"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Chapman J. French Papers, 1903/1957","Series I. Professional Papers, 1900/1957","Aa-Ao"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Chapman J. French Papers, 1903/1957","Series I. Professional Papers, 1900/1957","Aa-Ao"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1910/1928"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1910-1928"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[3],"sort_isi":3,"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"collection_ssim":["Chapman J. French Papers, 1903/1957"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"date_range_isim":[1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#0/components#0","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:17:32.632Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3169","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3169","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3169","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3169","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_3169.xml","title_filing_ssi":"French, Chapman J., Papers","title_ssm":["Chapman J. French Papers"],"title_tesim":["Chapman J. French Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1903-1957"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1903-1957"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1903/1957"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Chapman J. French Papers, 1903/1957"],"text":["Chapman J. French Papers, 1903/1957","Ms.2009.034","Railroad","Students and alumni","Science and Technology","The collection is open for research.","The collection essentially retains French's original order, arranged alphabetically by subject (sometimes by topic, sometimes by geographical area); in processing, some unsorted material was added to the arrangement. The inventory includes a partial list of those topics in each folder judged most significant by the processor, based on their prevalence or uniqueness. Many of the folders, however, contain materials relating to additional topics that are not listed.","Chapman Johnston French, son of Charles D. and Annie C. Johnston French, was born August 15, 1880. He graduated from Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (now Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University) in 1902 and soon thereafter became employed by the Norfolk \u0026 Western Railway as a civil engineer. He served for many years as resident engineer at Narrows, Virginia, where he lived with his wife Lela Lee Weatherly French. Later, the couple moved to Roanoke, where French served in the Engineering Department. He was a member of the American Society of Civil Engineers and several fraternal organizations, including the Elks and the Knights of Pythias. French retired in 1950. Following Lela's death, French married Mildred Greer. Chapman J. French died at Troutdale, Virginia on July 6, 1964.","The guide to the Chapman J. French Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/).","The processing, arrangement and description of the first accrual (1.5 cu. ft.) of the Chapman J. French Papers commenced and was completed in March 2009. Processing of an additional 2.7 cu. ft. of material began in November 2009 and was completed in May 2010.","See the Chapman J. French Diaries, Ms2010-045, also at Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives.","Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives holds several other manuscript collections and books relating to the Norfolk \u0026 Western Railway.","This collection contains the papers of Chapman J. French, a civil engineer employed by the Norfolk \u0026 Western Railway during the first half of the twentieth century. The collection is divided into two series:","Series I. Professional Papers, 1900-1957. This series contains such items as correspondence, memoranda, working notes, and specifications for engineering projects, as well as administrative memoranda and rules governing the company's engineering department and other aspects of the company's operation. The collection includes documentation on topics relating to construction of railways and associated structures but also includes many papers relating to legal agreements, property acquisition, rights of way, and court cases. Included among the papers are a number of property plat maps and track diagrams, as well as a collection of blank forms used in various aspects of the company's operation--particularly contracts and agreements. Geographical areas substantially represented within the papers include Columbus, Ohio; Narrows, Virginia; Norfolk, Virginia; and Portsmouth, Ohio.","Series II. Personal Papers, 1911-1945. French's personal papers are largely devoted to various purchases of household and farm goods and include such items as receipts, invoices and correspondence with various merchants and manufacturers. Also included are materials relating to French's car (a 1914 Hupmobile), the Virginia Tech Alumni Association, the brewing of alcoholic beverages, the Matthew French monument, the Giles County Game \u0026 Fish Protective Association, numerous fraternal lodges, personal health (including correspondence relating to French's use of a hair restorative), and a number of letters regarding a contract between the Virginian Railway and French's parents for some buildings near Narrows.","Series III. Oversize Materials, 1881-1957, n.d. This series contains materials removed from Series I due to size.","The Chapman J. French Papers were acquired in two separate accessions as part of a larger collection of railway-related material that had been compiled by a private collector, then sold to a dealer. In the course of processing, the French Papers were removed to a separate collection. The acquisitions of which these papers were a part also included the following collections:","Mine Hill \u0026 Schuylkill Haven Railroad Stock Certificates (Ms2009-035)\nNew River Mineral Company Stock Certificate (Ms2009-036)\nNorfolk \u0026 Western Railway and Associated Companies Collection (Ms2009-037)\nPhiladelphia \u0026 Reading Railroad Receipts (Ms2009-038)\nRaleigh Coal \u0026 Coke Company Rail Spur Drawing (Ms2009-039)\nReed Island Iron Company Receipts (Ms2009-040)\nRock Island Lines Insurance Booklet (Ms2009-041)\nSullivan Railroad Company Stock Certificate (Ms2009-042)\nTennessee, Alabama \u0026 Georgia Railroad Annual Report (Ms2009-043)\nTennessee, Alabama \u0026 Georgia Railway Annual Report (Ms2009-044)\nThomas Wood and Company Freight Records (Ms2009-045)\nVirginia Iron, Coal and Coke Company Receipts (Ms2009-046)","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The collection contains papers of Chapman J. French, civil engineer employed by Norfolk \u0026 Western Railway from 1903 to 1950. It includes correspondence, memoranda, working notes, and specifications for projects as well as company and engineering department procedures. Also includes personal papers, largely relating to purchases for household and farm.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Norfolk and Western Railway Company (1896-1982)","French, Chapman J. (Chapman Johnston)","The materials in the collection are in English."],"collection_title_tesim":["Chapman J. French Papers, 1903/1957"],"collection_ssim":["Chapman J. French Papers, 1903/1957"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2009.034"],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2009.034"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["French, Chapman J. (Chapman Johnston)"],"creator_ssim":["French, Chapman J. (Chapman Johnston)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["French, Chapman J. (Chapman Johnston)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Norfolk and Western Railway Company (1896-1982)"],"creators_ssim":["French, Chapman J. (Chapman Johnston)","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Norfolk and Western Railway Company (1896-1982)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The first accrual of the Chapman J. French Papers (1.5 cu. ft.) was purchased by Special Collections in 2009. The papers had been part of a larger group of railroad-related materials compiled by a collector, then sold to a dealer (see \"separated material\" section). Additional materials from the same source were purchased later that year."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Railroad","Students and alumni","Science and Technology"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Railroad","Students and alumni","Science and Technology"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["4.2 Cubic Feet 9 boxes, 1 oversize folder"],"extent_tesim":["4.2 Cubic Feet 9 boxes, 1 oversize folder"],"date_range_isim":[1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection essentially retains French's original order, arranged alphabetically by subject (sometimes by topic, sometimes by geographical area); in processing, some unsorted material was added to the arrangement. The inventory includes a partial list of those topics in each folder judged most significant by the processor, based on their prevalence or uniqueness. Many of the folders, however, contain materials relating to additional topics that are not listed.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection essentially retains French's original order, arranged alphabetically by subject (sometimes by topic, sometimes by geographical area); in processing, some unsorted material was added to the arrangement. The inventory includes a partial list of those topics in each folder judged most significant by the processor, based on their prevalence or uniqueness. Many of the folders, however, contain materials relating to additional topics that are not listed."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChapman Johnston French, son of Charles D. and Annie C. Johnston French, was born August 15, 1880. He graduated from Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (now Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University) in 1902 and soon thereafter became employed by the Norfolk \u0026amp; Western Railway as a civil engineer. He served for many years as resident engineer at Narrows, Virginia, where he lived with his wife Lela Lee Weatherly French. Later, the couple moved to Roanoke, where French served in the Engineering Department. He was a member of the American Society of Civil Engineers and several fraternal organizations, including the Elks and the Knights of Pythias. French retired in 1950. Following Lela's death, French married Mildred Greer. Chapman J. French died at Troutdale, Virginia on July 6, 1964.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Chapman Johnston French, son of Charles D. and Annie C. Johnston French, was born August 15, 1880. He graduated from Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (now Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University) in 1902 and soon thereafter became employed by the Norfolk \u0026 Western Railway as a civil engineer. He served for many years as resident engineer at Narrows, Virginia, where he lived with his wife Lela Lee Weatherly French. Later, the couple moved to Roanoke, where French served in the Engineering Department. He was a member of the American Society of Civil Engineers and several fraternal organizations, including the Elks and the Knights of Pythias. French retired in 1950. Following Lela's death, French married Mildred Greer. Chapman J. French died at Troutdale, Virginia on July 6, 1964."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Chapman J. French Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Chapman J. French Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Chapman J. French Papers, Ms2009-034, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Chapman J. French Papers, Ms2009-034, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement and description of the first accrual (1.5 cu. ft.) of the Chapman J. French Papers commenced and was completed in March 2009. Processing of an additional 2.7 cu. ft. of material began in November 2009 and was completed in May 2010.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement and description of the first accrual (1.5 cu. ft.) of the Chapman J. French Papers commenced and was completed in March 2009. Processing of an additional 2.7 cu. ft. of material began in November 2009 and was completed in May 2010."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee the \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/lib.vt.edu/repositories/2/resources/2598.oai_ead.xml\"\u003eChapman J. French Diaries, Ms2010-045\u003c/a\u003e, also at Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVirginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives holds several other manuscript collections and books relating to the Norfolk \u0026amp; Western Railway.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Archival Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See the Chapman J. French Diaries, Ms2010-045, also at Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives.","Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives holds several other manuscript collections and books relating to the Norfolk \u0026 Western Railway."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the papers of Chapman J. French, a civil engineer employed by the Norfolk \u0026amp; Western Railway during the first half of the twentieth century. The collection is divided into two series:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries I. Professional Papers, 1900-1957. This series contains such items as correspondence, memoranda, working notes, and specifications for engineering projects, as well as administrative memoranda and rules governing the company's engineering department and other aspects of the company's operation. The collection includes documentation on topics relating to construction of railways and associated structures but also includes many papers relating to legal agreements, property acquisition, rights of way, and court cases. Included among the papers are a number of property plat maps and track diagrams, as well as a collection of blank forms used in various aspects of the company's operation--particularly contracts and agreements. Geographical areas substantially represented within the papers include Columbus, Ohio; Narrows, Virginia; Norfolk, Virginia; and Portsmouth, Ohio.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries II. Personal Papers, 1911-1945. French's personal papers are largely devoted to various purchases of household and farm goods and include such items as receipts, invoices and correspondence with various merchants and manufacturers. Also included are materials relating to French's car (a 1914 Hupmobile), the Virginia Tech Alumni Association, the brewing of alcoholic beverages, the Matthew French monument, the Giles County Game \u0026amp; Fish Protective Association, numerous fraternal lodges, personal health (including correspondence relating to French's use of a hair restorative), and a number of letters regarding a contract between the Virginian Railway and French's parents for some buildings near Narrows.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries III. Oversize Materials, 1881-1957, n.d. This series contains materials removed from Series I due to size.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains the papers of Chapman J. French, a civil engineer employed by the Norfolk \u0026 Western Railway during the first half of the twentieth century. The collection is divided into two series:","Series I. Professional Papers, 1900-1957. This series contains such items as correspondence, memoranda, working notes, and specifications for engineering projects, as well as administrative memoranda and rules governing the company's engineering department and other aspects of the company's operation. The collection includes documentation on topics relating to construction of railways and associated structures but also includes many papers relating to legal agreements, property acquisition, rights of way, and court cases. Included among the papers are a number of property plat maps and track diagrams, as well as a collection of blank forms used in various aspects of the company's operation--particularly contracts and agreements. Geographical areas substantially represented within the papers include Columbus, Ohio; Narrows, Virginia; Norfolk, Virginia; and Portsmouth, Ohio.","Series II. Personal Papers, 1911-1945. French's personal papers are largely devoted to various purchases of household and farm goods and include such items as receipts, invoices and correspondence with various merchants and manufacturers. Also included are materials relating to French's car (a 1914 Hupmobile), the Virginia Tech Alumni Association, the brewing of alcoholic beverages, the Matthew French monument, the Giles County Game \u0026 Fish Protective Association, numerous fraternal lodges, personal health (including correspondence relating to French's use of a hair restorative), and a number of letters regarding a contract between the Virginian Railway and French's parents for some buildings near Narrows.","Series III. Oversize Materials, 1881-1957, n.d. This series contains materials removed from Series I due to size."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Chapman J. French Papers were acquired in two separate accessions as part of a larger collection of railway-related material that had been compiled by a private collector, then sold to a dealer. In the course of processing, the French Papers were removed to a separate collection. The acquisitions of which these papers were a part also included the following collections:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003clist\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/lib.vt.edu/repositories/2/resources/2454.oai_ead.xml\"\u003eMine Hill \u0026amp; Schuylkill Haven Railroad Stock Certificates (Ms2009-035)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/lib.vt.edu/repositories/2/resources/2455.oai_ead.xml\"\u003eNew River Mineral Company Stock Certificate (Ms2009-036)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/lib.vt.edu/repositories/2/resources/2456.oai_ead.xml\"\u003eNorfolk \u0026amp; Western Railway and Associated Companies Collection (Ms2009-037)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/lib.vt.edu/repositories/2/resources/2457.oai_ead.xml\"\u003ePhiladelphia \u0026amp; Reading Railroad Receipts (Ms2009-038)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/lib.vt.edu/repositories/2/resources/2458.oai_ead.xml\"\u003eRaleigh Coal \u0026amp; Coke Company Rail Spur Drawing (Ms2009-039)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/lib.vt.edu/repositories/2/resources/2459.oai_ead.xml\"\u003eReed Island Iron Company Receipts (Ms2009-040)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/lib.vt.edu/repositories/2/resources/2460.oai_ead.xml\"\u003eRock Island Lines Insurance Booklet (Ms2009-041)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/lib.vt.edu/repositories/2/resources/2461.oai_ead.xml\"\u003eSullivan Railroad Company Stock Certificate (Ms2009-042)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/lib.vt.edu/repositories/2/resources/2462.oai_ead.xml\"\u003eTennessee, Alabama \u0026amp; Georgia Railroad Annual Report (Ms2009-043)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/lib.vt.edu/repositories/2/resources/2463.oai_ead.xml\"\u003eTennessee, Alabama \u0026amp; Georgia Railway Annual Report (Ms2009-044)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/lib.vt.edu/repositories/2/resources/2464.oai_ead.xml\"\u003eThomas Wood and Company Freight Records (Ms2009-045)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/lib.vt.edu/repositories/2/resources/2465.oai_ead.xml\"\u003eVirginia Iron, Coal and Coke Company Receipts (Ms2009-046)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["The Chapman J. French Papers were acquired in two separate accessions as part of a larger collection of railway-related material that had been compiled by a private collector, then sold to a dealer. In the course of processing, the French Papers were removed to a separate collection. The acquisitions of which these papers were a part also included the following collections:","Mine Hill \u0026 Schuylkill Haven Railroad Stock Certificates (Ms2009-035)\nNew River Mineral Company Stock Certificate (Ms2009-036)\nNorfolk \u0026 Western Railway and Associated Companies Collection (Ms2009-037)\nPhiladelphia \u0026 Reading Railroad Receipts (Ms2009-038)\nRaleigh Coal \u0026 Coke Company Rail Spur Drawing (Ms2009-039)\nReed Island Iron Company Receipts (Ms2009-040)\nRock Island Lines Insurance Booklet (Ms2009-041)\nSullivan Railroad Company Stock Certificate (Ms2009-042)\nTennessee, Alabama \u0026 Georgia Railroad Annual Report (Ms2009-043)\nTennessee, Alabama \u0026 Georgia Railway Annual Report (Ms2009-044)\nThomas Wood and Company Freight Records (Ms2009-045)\nVirginia Iron, Coal and Coke Company Receipts (Ms2009-046)"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_2f95d88a2d6afb1aa86386ac4da5f624\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection contains papers of Chapman J. French, civil engineer employed by Norfolk \u0026amp; Western Railway from 1903 to 1950. It includes correspondence, memoranda, working notes, and specifications for projects as well as company and engineering department procedures. Also includes personal papers, largely relating to purchases for household and farm.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The collection contains papers of Chapman J. French, civil engineer employed by Norfolk \u0026 Western Railway from 1903 to 1950. It includes correspondence, memoranda, working notes, and specifications for projects as well as company and engineering department procedures. Also includes personal papers, largely relating to purchases for household and farm."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Norfolk and Western Railway Company (1896-1982)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Norfolk and Western Railway Company (1896-1982)"],"persname_ssim":["French, Chapman J. (Chapman Johnston)"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Norfolk and Western Railway Company (1896-1982)","French, Chapman J. (Chapman Johnston)"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":338,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:17:32.632Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3169_c01_c01_c01"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8693_c01_c04","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"A book, map, and several pamphlets (1896-1958)., 1896/1956","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_8693_c01_c04#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eA book, map, and several pamphlets (1896-1958) on Richmondton, New York, located in Staten Island, where a part of the Swem family settled. a 1947 booklet describing Mount Holly, New Jersey, the home of Mathias Swem and Ezra Brown Swem. 1896. \"Staten Islands Names. Ye Olde Names and Nicknames.\" Booklet of names and descriptions of area; p. 62 marks \"Swaim's or LaForge Lane.\" 76 pp. PV. Including map of region. 1 p. 1937. \"The Historic Village of Richmond and Vicinity Staten Island, New York\" History of Richmond and various sites, mentioning Swaim [Swem] Family as town citizens. 6 pp. PV. 1938. \"Hagstrom's Map of Richmond (Staten Island), New York.\" Swaim [Swem] Avenue is shown on map. 1 map. 1 p. 1938. \"The Work of the Staten Island Historical Society and the Historical Museum.\" Pamphlet of the history, operation, goals and accomplishments of the Staten Island Historical Society. 4 pp. PV. 1939. \"The Story of the Voorlezer's House.\" Pamphlet of the history of Voorlezer House in Richmond, New York and of the area; appeals for donation to restore building. 8 pp. PV. 1947. \"The Story of Mount Holly, New Jersey.\" Booklet about the town in which Mathias Swem, great-grandfather of Earl Gregg Swem, lived and where E[zra] B. swem, grandfather of Earl Gregg Swem, was born. 45 pp. PV. March 1953. \"National Genealogical Society Quarterly: Dutch Systems in Family Naming: New York and New Jersey.\" Article of genealogical research methods; note by Earl Gregg Swem calls this \"a very valuable contribution .\" Part I: 12 pp. PV. Part II: 9 pp. PV. Cy of PV. 9 pp. February 15, 1956. \"Richmondtown Restoration, Staten Island, City of New York.\" Information on the restoration of Richmondtown, Staten Island, New York; picture of Swaim [Swem] house. 1 p. PV. April-June 1956. \"The Staten Island Historian.\" Information on the restoration of Richmondtown, Staten Island, New York; picture of Swaim [Swem] Barn. 16 pp. PV. April-June 1958. \"The Staten Island Historian.\" Information about \"Oude Dorp\" (Old Town), the village where Anthony Swaim's [Swem's] father, Tys Barentsen, settled. 8 pp. PV.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_8693_c01_c04#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8693_c01_c04","ref_ssm":["viw_repositories_2_resources_8693_c01_c04"],"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8693_c01_c04","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8693","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8693","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8693_c01","parent_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8693_c01","parent_ssim":["Earl Gregg Swem Genealogy Collection, 1719/1982","Series 1: Mss. 82 Swem 4, 1719/1982"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viw_repositories_2_resources_8693","viw_repositories_2_resources_8693_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"A book, map, and several pamphlets (1896-1958).","title_ssm":["A book, map, and several pamphlets (1896-1958)."],"title_tesim":["A book, map, and several pamphlets (1896-1958)."],"normalized_title_ssm":["A book, map, and several pamphlets (1896-1958)., 1896/1956"],"text":["A book, map, and several pamphlets (1896-1958)., 1896/1956","Earl Gregg Swem Genealogy Collection, 1719/1982","Series 1: Mss. 82 Swem 4, 1719/1982","Box 1","Folder 4","A book, map, and several pamphlets (1896-1958) on Richmondton, New York, located in Staten Island, where a part of the Swem family settled. a 1947 booklet describing Mount Holly, New Jersey, the home of Mathias Swem and Ezra Brown Swem. 1896. \"Staten Islands Names. Ye Olde Names and Nicknames.\" Booklet of names and descriptions of area; p. 62 marks \"Swaim's or LaForge Lane.\" 76 pp. PV. Including map of region. 1 p. 1937. \"The Historic Village of Richmond and Vicinity Staten Island, New York\" History of Richmond and various sites, mentioning Swaim [Swem] Family as town citizens. 6 pp. PV. 1938. \"Hagstrom's Map of Richmond (Staten Island), New York.\" Swaim [Swem] Avenue is shown on map. 1 map. 1 p. 1938. \"The Work of the Staten Island Historical Society and the Historical Museum.\" Pamphlet of the history, operation, goals and accomplishments of the Staten Island Historical Society. 4 pp. PV. 1939. \"The Story of the Voorlezer's House.\" Pamphlet of the history of Voorlezer House in Richmond, New York and of the area; appeals for donation to restore building. 8 pp. PV. 1947. \"The Story of Mount Holly, New Jersey.\" Booklet about the town in which Mathias Swem, great-grandfather of Earl Gregg Swem, lived and where E[zra] B. swem, grandfather of Earl Gregg Swem, was born. 45 pp. PV. March 1953. \"National Genealogical Society Quarterly: Dutch Systems in Family Naming: New York and New Jersey.\" Article of genealogical research methods; note by Earl Gregg Swem calls this \"a very valuable contribution .\" Part I: 12 pp. PV. Part II: 9 pp. PV. Cy of PV. 9 pp. February 15, 1956. \"Richmondtown Restoration, Staten Island, City of New York.\" Information on the restoration of Richmondtown, Staten Island, New York; picture of Swaim [Swem] house. 1 p. PV. April-June 1956. \"The Staten Island Historian.\" Information on the restoration of Richmondtown, Staten Island, New York; picture of Swaim [Swem] Barn. 16 pp. PV. April-June 1958. \"The Staten Island Historian.\" Information about \"Oude Dorp\" (Old Town), the village where Anthony Swaim's [Swem's] father, Tys Barentsen, settled. 8 pp. PV."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Earl Gregg Swem Genealogy Collection, 1719/1982","Series 1: Mss. 82 Swem 4, 1719/1982"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Earl Gregg Swem Genealogy Collection, 1719/1982","Series 1: Mss. 82 Swem 4, 1719/1982"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1896/1956"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1896-1956"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":7,"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"collection_ssim":["Earl Gregg Swem Genealogy Collection, 1719/1982"],"containers_ssim":["Box 1","Folder 4"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":1,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"date_range_isim":[1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA book, map, and several pamphlets (1896-1958) on Richmondton, New York, located in Staten Island, where a part of the Swem family settled. a 1947 booklet describing Mount Holly, New Jersey, the home of Mathias Swem and Ezra Brown Swem. 1896. \"Staten Islands Names. Ye Olde Names and Nicknames.\" Booklet of names and descriptions of area; p. 62 marks \"Swaim's or LaForge Lane.\" 76 pp. PV. Including map of region. 1 p. 1937. \"The Historic Village of Richmond and Vicinity Staten Island, New York\" History of Richmond and various sites, mentioning Swaim [Swem] Family as town citizens. 6 pp. PV. 1938. \"Hagstrom's Map of Richmond (Staten Island), New York.\" Swaim [Swem] Avenue is shown on map. 1 map. 1 p. 1938. \"The Work of the Staten Island Historical Society and the Historical Museum.\" Pamphlet of the history, operation, goals and accomplishments of the Staten Island Historical Society. 4 pp. PV. 1939. \"The Story of the Voorlezer's House.\" Pamphlet of the history of Voorlezer House in Richmond, New York and of the area; appeals for donation to restore building. 8 pp. PV. 1947. \"The Story of Mount Holly, New Jersey.\" Booklet about the town in which Mathias Swem, great-grandfather of Earl Gregg Swem, lived and where E[zra] B. swem, grandfather of Earl Gregg Swem, was born. 45 pp. PV. March 1953. \"National Genealogical Society Quarterly: Dutch Systems in Family Naming: New York and New Jersey.\" Article of genealogical research methods; note by Earl Gregg Swem calls this \"a very valuable contribution .\" Part I: 12 pp. PV. Part II: 9 pp. PV. Cy of PV. 9 pp. February 15, 1956. \"Richmondtown Restoration, Staten Island, City of New York.\" Information on the restoration of Richmondtown, Staten Island, New York; picture of Swaim [Swem] house. 1 p. PV. April-June 1956. \"The Staten Island Historian.\" Information on the restoration of Richmondtown, Staten Island, New York; picture of Swaim [Swem] Barn. 16 pp. PV. April-June 1958. \"The Staten Island Historian.\" Information about \"Oude Dorp\" (Old Town), the village where Anthony Swaim's [Swem's] father, Tys Barentsen, settled. 8 pp. PV.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["A book, map, and several pamphlets (1896-1958) on Richmondton, New York, located in Staten Island, where a part of the Swem family settled. a 1947 booklet describing Mount Holly, New Jersey, the home of Mathias Swem and Ezra Brown Swem. 1896. \"Staten Islands Names. Ye Olde Names and Nicknames.\" Booklet of names and descriptions of area; p. 62 marks \"Swaim's or LaForge Lane.\" 76 pp. PV. Including map of region. 1 p. 1937. \"The Historic Village of Richmond and Vicinity Staten Island, New York\" History of Richmond and various sites, mentioning Swaim [Swem] Family as town citizens. 6 pp. PV. 1938. \"Hagstrom's Map of Richmond (Staten Island), New York.\" Swaim [Swem] Avenue is shown on map. 1 map. 1 p. 1938. \"The Work of the Staten Island Historical Society and the Historical Museum.\" Pamphlet of the history, operation, goals and accomplishments of the Staten Island Historical Society. 4 pp. PV. 1939. \"The Story of the Voorlezer's House.\" Pamphlet of the history of Voorlezer House in Richmond, New York and of the area; appeals for donation to restore building. 8 pp. PV. 1947. \"The Story of Mount Holly, New Jersey.\" Booklet about the town in which Mathias Swem, great-grandfather of Earl Gregg Swem, lived and where E[zra] B. swem, grandfather of Earl Gregg Swem, was born. 45 pp. PV. March 1953. \"National Genealogical Society Quarterly: Dutch Systems in Family Naming: New York and New Jersey.\" Article of genealogical research methods; note by Earl Gregg Swem calls this \"a very valuable contribution .\" Part I: 12 pp. PV. Part II: 9 pp. PV. Cy of PV. 9 pp. February 15, 1956. \"Richmondtown Restoration, Staten Island, City of New York.\" Information on the restoration of Richmondtown, Staten Island, New York; picture of Swaim [Swem] house. 1 p. PV. April-June 1956. \"The Staten Island Historian.\" Information on the restoration of Richmondtown, Staten Island, New York; picture of Swaim [Swem] Barn. 16 pp. PV. April-June 1958. \"The Staten Island Historian.\" Information about \"Oude Dorp\" (Old Town), the village where Anthony Swaim's [Swem's] father, Tys Barentsen, settled. 8 pp. PV."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#3","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:51:49.231Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8693","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8693","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8693","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8693","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_8693.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Swem, Earl Gregg Genealogy Collection","title_ssm":["Earl Gregg Swem Genealogy Collection"],"title_tesim":["Earl Gregg Swem Genealogy Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1719-1982"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1719-1982"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1719/1982"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Earl Gregg Swem Genealogy Collection, 1719/1982"],"text":["Earl Gregg Swem Genealogy Collection, 1719/1982","Mss. 82 Swem4, 2000.049","/repositories/2/resources/8693","Virginia--Genealogy","Correspondence","Financial records","Photographs","Receipts (financial records)","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Addition 2000.49 is filed at the end of Box 3 of Mss. 82 Swem4.","Earl Gregg Swem was born December 29, 1870 in Belle Plaine, Iowa. He graduated from Lafayette College (A.B. and A.M.) Swem worked as a high school instructor 1893-1900. He worked for the John Crerar Library, the Superintendent of Documents Library, the Armour Institute Library, was the chief of the cataloging division of the Copyright Office of the Library of Congress, assistant Virginia State Librarian, and Librarian for the College of William and Mary. Swem compiled about forty finding lists and bibliographies, was managing editor of the William and Mary Quarterly and supervised the production of the Virginia Historical Index. He died in Louisville, Kentucky on April 14, 1965.","Processed by Elizabeth Engelken in 1989.","Box and folder list updated by Patricia Sanabria, SCRC staff, in May of 2011.","See also the E. G. Swem Papers and the Earl G. Swem Family Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.","Papers collected by Earl Gregg Swem concerning the genealogies of his family and the family of his wife Lilia Hansbrough Swem. Families on which there is data include Swem (Swaim), Luce, Gregg, Wright, Farish and Smith. Includes written histories, documents, genealogical charts, correspondence, and newspaper clippings.","Addition 2000.49 is described on PDF inventory.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","Farish family","Gregg family","Hansbrough family","Luce family","Smith family","Swaim family","Swem family","Wright family","Swem, Lilia Hansbrough, 1876-1971","Swem, Lilia Hansbrough","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Earl Gregg Swem Genealogy Collection, 1719/1982"],"collection_ssim":["Earl Gregg Swem Genealogy Collection, 1719/1982"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss. 82 Swem4, 2000.049","/repositories/2/resources/8693"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss. 82 Swem4, 2000.049","/repositories/2/resources/8693"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia--Genealogy"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia--Genealogy"],"places_ssim":["Virginia--Genealogy"],"creator_ssm":["Swem, Lilia Hansbrough, 1876-1971"],"creator_ssim":["Swem, Lilia Hansbrough, 1876-1971"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Swem, Lilia Hansbrough, 1876-1971","Swem, Lilia Hansbrough"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Farish family","Gregg family","Hansbrough family","Luce family","Smith family","Swaim family","Swem family","Wright family"],"creators_ssim":["Swem, Lilia Hansbrough, 1876-1971","Swem, Lilia Hansbrough","Special Collections Research Center","Farish family","Gregg family","Hansbrough family","Luce family","Smith family","Swaim family","Swem family","Wright family"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Correspondence","Financial records","Photographs","Receipts (financial records)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Correspondence","Financial records","Photographs","Receipts (financial records)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.25 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["1.25 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Financial records","Photographs","Receipts (financial records)"],"date_range_isim":[1719,1720,1721,1722,1723,1724,1725,1726,1727,1728,1729,1730,1731,1732,1733,1734,1735,1736,1737,1738,1739,1740,1741,1742,1743,1744,1745,1746,1747,1748,1749,1750,1751,1752,1753,1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAddition 2000.49 is filed at the end of Box 3 of Mss. 82 Swem4.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement of Materials:"],"arrangement_tesim":["Addition 2000.49 is filed at the end of Box 3 of Mss. 82 Swem4."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEarl Gregg Swem was born December 29, 1870 in Belle Plaine, Iowa. He graduated from Lafayette College (A.B. and A.M.) Swem worked as a high school instructor 1893-1900. He worked for the John Crerar Library, the Superintendent of Documents Library, the Armour Institute Library, was the chief of the cataloging division of the Copyright Office of the Library of Congress, assistant Virginia State Librarian, and Librarian for the College of William and Mary. Swem compiled about forty finding lists and bibliographies, was managing editor of the William and Mary Quarterly and supervised the production of the Virginia Historical Index. He died in Louisville, Kentucky on April 14, 1965.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information:"],"bioghist_tesim":["Earl Gregg Swem was born December 29, 1870 in Belle Plaine, Iowa. He graduated from Lafayette College (A.B. and A.M.) Swem worked as a high school instructor 1893-1900. He worked for the John Crerar Library, the Superintendent of Documents Library, the Armour Institute Library, was the chief of the cataloging division of the Copyright Office of the Library of Congress, assistant Virginia State Librarian, and Librarian for the College of William and Mary. Swem compiled about forty finding lists and bibliographies, was managing editor of the William and Mary Quarterly and supervised the production of the Virginia Historical Index. He died in Louisville, Kentucky on April 14, 1965."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEarl Gregg Swem Genealogy Collection, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Earl Gregg Swem Genealogy Collection, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Elizabeth Engelken in 1989.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Box and folder list updated by Patricia Sanabria, SCRC staff, in May of 2011.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information:"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Elizabeth Engelken in 1989.","Box and folder list updated by Patricia Sanabria, SCRC staff, in May of 2011."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee also the E. G. Swem Papers and the Earl G. Swem Family Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials:"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See also the E. G. Swem Papers and the Earl G. Swem Family Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers collected by Earl Gregg Swem concerning the genealogies of his family and the family of his wife Lilia Hansbrough Swem. Families on which there is data include Swem (Swaim), Luce, Gregg, Wright, Farish and Smith. Includes written histories, documents, genealogical charts, correspondence, and newspaper clippings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAddition 2000.49 is described on PDF inventory.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Papers collected by Earl Gregg Swem concerning the genealogies of his family and the family of his wife Lilia Hansbrough Swem. Families on which there is data include Swem (Swaim), Luce, Gregg, Wright, Farish and Smith. Includes written histories, documents, genealogical charts, correspondence, and newspaper clippings.","Addition 2000.49 is described on PDF inventory."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"famname_ssim":["Farish family","Gregg family","Hansbrough family","Luce family","Smith family","Swaim family","Swem family","Wright family"],"names_coll_ssim":["Farish family","Gregg family","Hansbrough family","Luce family","Smith family","Swaim family","Swem family","Wright family","Swem, Lilia Hansbrough"],"persname_ssim":["Swem, Lilia Hansbrough, 1876-1971","Swem, Lilia Hansbrough"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Farish family","Gregg family","Hansbrough family","Luce family","Smith family","Swaim family","Swem family","Wright family","Swem, Lilia Hansbrough, 1876-1971","Swem, Lilia Hansbrough"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":44,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:51:49.231Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_8693_c01_c04"}},{"id":"viu_viu01897_c02_c06_c01","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"About Arthur and Edith Cruzan\n Fickénscher, 1895/1952","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_viu01897_c02_c06_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_viu01897_c02_c06_c01","ref_ssm":["viu_viu01897_c02_c06_c01"],"id":"viu_viu01897_c02_c06_c01","ead_ssi":"viu_viu01897","_root_":"viu_viu01897","_nest_parent_":"viu_viu01897_c02_c06","parent_ssi":"viu_viu01897_c02_c06","parent_ssim":["Arthur Fickénscher Papers \n ca.\n 1895-1995","Group II: Professional and\n Personal","Newspaper Clippings"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_viu01897","viu_viu01897_c02","viu_viu01897_c02_c06"],"title_filing_ssi":"About Arthur and Edith Cruzan\n                     Fickénscher","title_ssm":["About Arthur and Edith Cruzan\n Fickénscher"],"title_tesim":["About Arthur and Edith Cruzan\n Fickénscher"],"normalized_title_ssm":["About Arthur and Edith Cruzan\n Fickénscher, 1895/1952"],"text":["About Arthur and Edith Cruzan\n Fickénscher, 1895/1952","Arthur Fickénscher Papers \n ca.\n 1895-1995","Group II: Professional and\n Personal","Newspaper Clippings","Box Box 3"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Arthur Fickénscher Papers \n ca.\n 1895-1995","Group II: Professional and\n Personal","Newspaper Clippings"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Arthur Fickénscher Papers \n ca.\n 1895-1995","Group II: Professional and\n Personal","Newspaper Clippings"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1895/1952"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["ca. 1895-1952, n.d."],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[3],"sort_isi":59,"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Arthur Fickénscher Papers \n ca.\n 1895-1995"],"containers_ssim":["Box Box 3"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"date_range_isim":[1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#5/components#0","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:44:29.354Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_viu01897","ead_ssi":"viu_viu01897","_root_":"viu_viu01897","_nest_parent_":"viu_viu01897","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/uva-sc/viu01897.xml","title_ssm":["Arthur Fickénscher Papers \n ca.\n 1895-1995"],"title_tesim":["Arthur Fickénscher Papers \n ca.\n 1895-1995"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Arthur Fickénscher Papers \n ca.\n 1895-1995"],"text":["Arthur Fickénscher Papers \n ca.\n 1895-1995","12731","ca. 2000 items","Arthur\n         Fickénscher, composer, pianist, teacher\n         and inventor, was born to George W. and Elizabeth Wagner\n         Fickénscher on March 9, 1871, in Aurora, Illinois.\n         His musical education began at an early age; learning violin\n         and piano under the tutelage and guidance of his music\n         instructor father, he gave his first recital at age six. He\n         spent his later formative years (1883-1889) as a student in\n         Munich, Germany attending the \n         Hochschule der Musikand the Royal\n         Academy from which he graduated with unprecedented honors\n         after studying under such notables in music theory and\n         composition as Joseph Rheinberger and Ludwig Thuille. Upon\n         returning to Illinois, Fickénscher taught piano\n         privately to students and gave formal concert performances\n         around the Chicago area. His reputation as an accomplished\n         pianist and accompanist led to his participation in concert\n         tours throughout the United States and Mexico with many of the\n         distinguished singers of the day such as the great Wagnerian\n         tenor, Anton Shott; Nikita, soprano of the Russian opera;\n         Materna; David Bispham and Madame Shumann-Heink. These tours\n         enhanced his reputation and allowed his piano mastery and\n         musical artistry wide recognition.","In 1896, Fickénscher settled in San Francisco\n         where he taught and coached young singers and studied the\n         potentialities of the human voice. He also began to immerse\n         himself in the composition of original music, being\n         particularly drawn by the influence of the English poets of\n         the Renaissance, Dante Rossetti and William Morris. In 1901,\n         he married \n         Edith Cruzan, an opera and concert singer\n         whose theatrical and musical talents matched his own as they\n         became an acclaimed recital team throughout the west coast.\n         While living in San Francisco, the Fickénschers\n         experienced the great earthquake of 1906. In the fire that\n         devastated the city, they lost their home and many of their\n         possessions including papers, press clippings, memorabilia and\n         compositional manuscripts relating to their concert activities\n         and Fickénscher's early music works.","In 1911, Fickénscher returned to Germany with\n         his wife and young daughter, \n         Arditha. He\n         established a studio in Berlin providing vocal instruction to\n         students and undertook a series of joint recitals with his\n         wife that introduced them to admiring European audiences. In\n         that period, his choral-orchestral poem, \n         The Chamber Blueand the orchestral-choral symphonic poem, \n         Aucassin and Nicoletewere performed to positive reviews in concert\n         presentations. Fickénscher also continued to pursue\n         his idea of perfecting a keyboard for pure intonation and was\n         granted a patent for its design in Germany in 1912.","At the outbreak of World War I, the Fickénschers\n         returned to California. They opened a studio in both Oakland\n         and in San Francisco to instruct and train singers, resumed\n         their joint recital programs and lectures and soon became a\n         couple in great demand in the music circles in the area and\n         beyond. That demand induced them in 1917 to move to New York\n         City, to again teach students and to present themselves in\n         recital and concert programs to metropolitan music lovers.","A major change in Fickénscher's career style\n         took place three years later. In 1920 he accepted an\n         invitation from Edwin A. Alderman, then president of the \n         University of Virginiain Charlottesville,\n         to serve as head of the newly established music department.\n         Over the next 14 years he devoted himself in quiet dignity,\n         but tireless energy to the challenge of organizing, developing\n         and directing the administration of the department. He taught\n         students; gave leadership to the \n         University Glee Cluband presented major\n         concerts in Washington, Baltimore, New Orleans, Richmond and\n         numerous other cities and towns throughout Virginia. He\n         established the \n         Albemarle Choral Club; conducted the\n         University of Virginia and the \n         Norfolk Symphonyorchestras; participated\n         in ensemble recitals, every 2 weeks over a period of 11 years\n         and, in 1938, conducted a fully staged mimo-drama of his work,\n         The Chamber Blueat the University. He performed organ recitals in the\n         University's McIntire Amphitheater; provided piano\n         accompaniment to students in vocal programs and instituted the\n         McIntire Concertsprogram which featured\n         such renowned artists as, Barrère, Alda, Novaes,\n         Homer, Casals, Ponselle, Martinelli and Zimbalist. With all\n         this, he still found time to arrange the settings of numerous\n         college football songs; to serve as the regular organist at \n         Christ Episcopal Churchin Charlottesville\n         and to continue work on his music compositions and on the\n         development and construction of the \"Polytone,\" his idea of a\n         workable intonation keyboard which he designed to subdivide\n         the octave into 60 tones.","In 1941, Fickénscher retired from the University\n         of Virginia and returned to Fairfax in Marin County in\n         California. There he worked to complete his major unfinished\n         orchestral-choral symphonic poem, \n         The Land East of the Sunand to publish an article on the Polytone which he\n         had patented in February 1941. The article, \"The Polytone and\n         the Potentialities of a Purer Intonation,\" appeared in \n         The Music Quarterly(July, 1941). In May, 1946, he participated in\n         concert at Florida State Teacher's College, conducting \n         The Chamber Bluewith the Australian-American composer, Percy Grainger\n         at the piano and, as pianist, joining a string quartet to play\n         the \n         Piano Quintet.","In 1947, the Fickénschers relocated to the city\n         of San Francisco to spend their remaining years near their\n         daughter. Edith Fickénscher died on January 9, 1950\n         and Arthur Fickénscher on April, 15, 1954. Some\n         years later, in 1983, their ashes were spread over the grounds\n         of the University of Virginia cemetery near the grave of their\n         close friends, James Southall Wilson and his wife Julia by two\n         devoted former students and lifelong friends and associates,\n         Robert Septimus Pace, Jr. and William W. Jones.","As a composer, Arthur Fickénscher was influenced\n         by Bach, Wagner and César Franck. His work\n         reflected contemporary trends and was cast in a \"sensuous\n         mysticism\" that intrigued many of his musical colleagues,\n         particularly Percy Grainger (1882-1961) who considered\n         Fickénscher to be one of the few musical geniuses\n         of the 20th century.","The Papers of Arthur Fickénscher contain ca.\n         2,000 items (11 shelf feet) that span the years 1895-1995. The\n         largest portion of the papers, consists of originals and\n         copies of virtually all of the music that\n         Fickénscher produced. The remaining portion\n         contains correspondence and other papers of a professional and\n         personal nature. The collection has been divided into three\n         major groups:","Group I, (Correspondence), contains letters sent to\n         Fickénscher and drafts and second copies of letters\n         that he prepared. The correspondence is subdivided into three\n         categories: (1) General, (2) Named and (3) Polytone Related.\n         These are listed by date or by correspondent name to highlight\n         special interest or subject matter.","Group II, (Professional and Personal), contains items\n         relating to Fickénscher's music and academic career\n         activities. These include published articles; biographical\n         background about his life and work; catalogue descriptions of\n         his music; memorabilia in the form of concert and recital\n         programs; reviews and newspaper clippings; a compilation of\n         notes, drawings and music relating to the evolution and\n         development of the \"Polytone;\" and an assortment of other\n         miscellaneous items consisting of financial and contract\n         records of the \n         University of Virginia's McIntire\n         Concerts(1919-1939); photographs of family and\n         friends; instructor notes for voice lessons; some brochures\n         about musical instruments; name and address notebooks and\n         family birth, marriage and burial documents.","Group III, (Compositions), contains original manuscripts,\n         master sheets for duplication and print copies of musical\n         scores. These items have been consolidated into oversized\n         folders for ease of reference and study and have been arranged\n         in this listing under descriptive categories similar to those\n         used by Fickénscher in describing his own\n         compositions and by others who have catalogued his musical\n         works. (see William W. Jones and Gordon Rumson (Box 1, below)\n         and also William W. Jones, \n         Life and Works of Arthur Fickénscher,\n            American Composer , 1871-1954, unpublished, 1992).","A 33 1/3 rpm recording of \n         Willowwood, (a setting of four sonnets by Rossetti for\n         mezzo-soprano with piano, viola and bassoon accompaniment) has\n         been transferred to the appropriate custodial section of the\n         University of Virginia Special Collections Department where it\n         is identified as part of these papers.","University of Virginia. Library. Special\n            Collections Dept.","University of Virginia","University Glee Club","Albemarle Choral Club","Norfolk Symphony","McIntire Concerts","Christ Episcopal Church","University of Virginia's McIntire\n         Concerts","Arthur\n         Fickénscher","Edith Cruzan","Arditha","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Arthur Fickénscher Papers \n ca.\n 1895-1995"],"collection_ssim":["Arthur Fickénscher Papers \n ca.\n 1895-1995"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["12731"],"unitid_tesim":["12731"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Arthur\n         Fickénscher","Edith Cruzan","Arditha"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["University of Virginia. Library. Special\n            Collections Dept.","University of Virginia","University Glee Club","Albemarle Choral Club","Norfolk Symphony","McIntire Concerts","Christ Episcopal Church","University of Virginia's McIntire\n         Concerts"],"creators_ssim":["Arthur\n         Fickénscher","Edith Cruzan","Arditha","University of Virginia. Library. Special\n            Collections Dept.","University of Virginia","University Glee Club","Albemarle Choral Club","Norfolk Symphony","McIntire Concerts","Christ Episcopal Church","University of Virginia's McIntire\n         Concerts"],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection is a consolidation of gift acquisitions\n            received in the Manuscript and Special Collections\n            Departments of the University of Virginia over the period\n            1941-1997 from Edith Cruzan Fickénscher, Arditha\n            Fickénscher, William W. Jones, Robert Septimus\n            Pace, Jr., Gordon Rumson and anonymous donors.","The original classification numbers (listed below) of\n            all acquisitions to this collection have been consolidated\n            into a single classification number: 12731.","Previous Classification Numbers: Manuscript numbers:\n            1093; 5121,-a-b; 8815; Record Group numbers: RG-21/31.771\n            (.791) (.871) (.921) (.961) (.962) (.971)."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["ca. 2000 items"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cpersname normal=\"Arthur Fickenscher\"\u003eArthur\n         Fickénscher\u003c/persname\u003e, composer, pianist, teacher\n         and inventor, was born to George W. and Elizabeth Wagner\n         Fickénscher on March 9, 1871, in Aurora, Illinois.\n         His musical education began at an early age; learning violin\n         and piano under the tutelage and guidance of his music\n         instructor father, he gave his first recital at age six. He\n         spent his later formative years (1883-1889) as a student in\n         Munich, Germany attending the \n         \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHochschule der Musik\u003c/emph\u003eand the Royal\n         Academy from which he graduated with unprecedented honors\n         after studying under such notables in music theory and\n         composition as Joseph Rheinberger and Ludwig Thuille. Upon\n         returning to Illinois, Fickénscher taught piano\n         privately to students and gave formal concert performances\n         around the Chicago area. His reputation as an accomplished\n         pianist and accompanist led to his participation in concert\n         tours throughout the United States and Mexico with many of the\n         distinguished singers of the day such as the great Wagnerian\n         tenor, Anton Shott; Nikita, soprano of the Russian opera;\n         Materna; David Bispham and Madame Shumann-Heink. These tours\n         enhanced his reputation and allowed his piano mastery and\n         musical artistry wide recognition.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn 1896, Fickénscher settled in San Francisco\n         where he taught and coached young singers and studied the\n         potentialities of the human voice. He also began to immerse\n         himself in the composition of original music, being\n         particularly drawn by the influence of the English poets of\n         the Renaissance, Dante Rossetti and William Morris. In 1901,\n         he married \n         \u003cpersname\u003eEdith Cruzan\u003c/persname\u003e, an opera and concert singer\n         whose theatrical and musical talents matched his own as they\n         became an acclaimed recital team throughout the west coast.\n         While living in San Francisco, the Fickénschers\n         experienced the great earthquake of 1906. In the fire that\n         devastated the city, they lost their home and many of their\n         possessions including papers, press clippings, memorabilia and\n         compositional manuscripts relating to their concert activities\n         and Fickénscher's early music works.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn 1911, Fickénscher returned to Germany with\n         his wife and young daughter, \n         \u003cpersname normal=\"Arditha Fickenscher\"\u003eArditha\u003c/persname\u003e. He\n         established a studio in Berlin providing vocal instruction to\n         students and undertook a series of joint recitals with his\n         wife that introduced them to admiring European audiences. In\n         that period, his choral-orchestral poem, \n         \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Chamber Blue\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003eand the orchestral-choral symphonic poem, \n         \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eAucassin and Nicolete\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003ewere performed to positive reviews in concert\n         presentations. Fickénscher also continued to pursue\n         his idea of perfecting a keyboard for pure intonation and was\n         granted a patent for its design in Germany in 1912.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eAt the outbreak of World War I, the Fickénschers\n         returned to California. They opened a studio in both Oakland\n         and in San Francisco to instruct and train singers, resumed\n         their joint recital programs and lectures and soon became a\n         couple in great demand in the music circles in the area and\n         beyond. That demand induced them in 1917 to move to New York\n         City, to again teach students and to present themselves in\n         recital and concert programs to metropolitan music lovers.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eA major change in Fickénscher's career style\n         took place three years later. In 1920 he accepted an\n         invitation from Edwin A. Alderman, then president of the \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eUniversity of Virginia\u003c/corpname\u003ein Charlottesville,\n         to serve as head of the newly established music department.\n         Over the next 14 years he devoted himself in quiet dignity,\n         but tireless energy to the challenge of organizing, developing\n         and directing the administration of the department. He taught\n         students; gave leadership to the \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eUniversity Glee Club\u003c/corpname\u003eand presented major\n         concerts in Washington, Baltimore, New Orleans, Richmond and\n         numerous other cities and towns throughout Virginia. He\n         established the \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eAlbemarle Choral Club\u003c/corpname\u003e; conducted the\n         University of Virginia and the \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eNorfolk Symphony\u003c/corpname\u003eorchestras; participated\n         in ensemble recitals, every 2 weeks over a period of 11 years\n         and, in 1938, conducted a fully staged mimo-drama of his work,\n         \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Chamber Blue\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003eat the University. He performed organ recitals in the\n         University's McIntire Amphitheater; provided piano\n         accompaniment to students in vocal programs and instituted the\n         \u003ccorpname\u003eMcIntire Concerts\u003c/corpname\u003eprogram which featured\n         such renowned artists as, Barrère, Alda, Novaes,\n         Homer, Casals, Ponselle, Martinelli and Zimbalist. With all\n         this, he still found time to arrange the settings of numerous\n         college football songs; to serve as the regular organist at \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eChrist Episcopal Church\u003c/corpname\u003ein Charlottesville\n         and to continue work on his music compositions and on the\n         development and construction of the \"Polytone,\" his idea of a\n         workable intonation keyboard which he designed to subdivide\n         the octave into 60 tones.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn 1941, Fickénscher retired from the University\n         of Virginia and returned to Fairfax in Marin County in\n         California. There he worked to complete his major unfinished\n         orchestral-choral symphonic poem, \n         \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Land East of the Sun\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003eand to publish an article on the Polytone which he\n         had patented in February 1941. The article, \"The Polytone and\n         the Potentialities of a Purer Intonation,\" appeared in \n         \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Music Quarterly\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003e(July, 1941). In May, 1946, he participated in\n         concert at Florida State Teacher's College, conducting \n         \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Chamber Blue\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003ewith the Australian-American composer, Percy Grainger\n         at the piano and, as pianist, joining a string quartet to play\n         the \n         \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003ePiano Quintet\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn 1947, the Fickénschers relocated to the city\n         of San Francisco to spend their remaining years near their\n         daughter. Edith Fickénscher died on January 9, 1950\n         and Arthur Fickénscher on April, 15, 1954. Some\n         years later, in 1983, their ashes were spread over the grounds\n         of the University of Virginia cemetery near the grave of their\n         close friends, James Southall Wilson and his wife Julia by two\n         devoted former students and lifelong friends and associates,\n         Robert Septimus Pace, Jr. and William W. Jones.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eAs a composer, Arthur Fickénscher was influenced\n         by Bach, Wagner and César Franck. His work\n         reflected contemporary trends and was cast in a \"sensuous\n         mysticism\" that intrigued many of his musical colleagues,\n         particularly Percy Grainger (1882-1961) who considered\n         Fickénscher to be one of the few musical geniuses\n         of the 20th century.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Sketch"],"bioghist_tesim":["Arthur\n         Fickénscher, composer, pianist, teacher\n         and inventor, was born to George W. and Elizabeth Wagner\n         Fickénscher on March 9, 1871, in Aurora, Illinois.\n         His musical education began at an early age; learning violin\n         and piano under the tutelage and guidance of his music\n         instructor father, he gave his first recital at age six. He\n         spent his later formative years (1883-1889) as a student in\n         Munich, Germany attending the \n         Hochschule der Musikand the Royal\n         Academy from which he graduated with unprecedented honors\n         after studying under such notables in music theory and\n         composition as Joseph Rheinberger and Ludwig Thuille. Upon\n         returning to Illinois, Fickénscher taught piano\n         privately to students and gave formal concert performances\n         around the Chicago area. His reputation as an accomplished\n         pianist and accompanist led to his participation in concert\n         tours throughout the United States and Mexico with many of the\n         distinguished singers of the day such as the great Wagnerian\n         tenor, Anton Shott; Nikita, soprano of the Russian opera;\n         Materna; David Bispham and Madame Shumann-Heink. These tours\n         enhanced his reputation and allowed his piano mastery and\n         musical artistry wide recognition.","In 1896, Fickénscher settled in San Francisco\n         where he taught and coached young singers and studied the\n         potentialities of the human voice. He also began to immerse\n         himself in the composition of original music, being\n         particularly drawn by the influence of the English poets of\n         the Renaissance, Dante Rossetti and William Morris. In 1901,\n         he married \n         Edith Cruzan, an opera and concert singer\n         whose theatrical and musical talents matched his own as they\n         became an acclaimed recital team throughout the west coast.\n         While living in San Francisco, the Fickénschers\n         experienced the great earthquake of 1906. In the fire that\n         devastated the city, they lost their home and many of their\n         possessions including papers, press clippings, memorabilia and\n         compositional manuscripts relating to their concert activities\n         and Fickénscher's early music works.","In 1911, Fickénscher returned to Germany with\n         his wife and young daughter, \n         Arditha. He\n         established a studio in Berlin providing vocal instruction to\n         students and undertook a series of joint recitals with his\n         wife that introduced them to admiring European audiences. In\n         that period, his choral-orchestral poem, \n         The Chamber Blueand the orchestral-choral symphonic poem, \n         Aucassin and Nicoletewere performed to positive reviews in concert\n         presentations. Fickénscher also continued to pursue\n         his idea of perfecting a keyboard for pure intonation and was\n         granted a patent for its design in Germany in 1912.","At the outbreak of World War I, the Fickénschers\n         returned to California. They opened a studio in both Oakland\n         and in San Francisco to instruct and train singers, resumed\n         their joint recital programs and lectures and soon became a\n         couple in great demand in the music circles in the area and\n         beyond. That demand induced them in 1917 to move to New York\n         City, to again teach students and to present themselves in\n         recital and concert programs to metropolitan music lovers.","A major change in Fickénscher's career style\n         took place three years later. In 1920 he accepted an\n         invitation from Edwin A. Alderman, then president of the \n         University of Virginiain Charlottesville,\n         to serve as head of the newly established music department.\n         Over the next 14 years he devoted himself in quiet dignity,\n         but tireless energy to the challenge of organizing, developing\n         and directing the administration of the department. He taught\n         students; gave leadership to the \n         University Glee Cluband presented major\n         concerts in Washington, Baltimore, New Orleans, Richmond and\n         numerous other cities and towns throughout Virginia. He\n         established the \n         Albemarle Choral Club; conducted the\n         University of Virginia and the \n         Norfolk Symphonyorchestras; participated\n         in ensemble recitals, every 2 weeks over a period of 11 years\n         and, in 1938, conducted a fully staged mimo-drama of his work,\n         The Chamber Blueat the University. He performed organ recitals in the\n         University's McIntire Amphitheater; provided piano\n         accompaniment to students in vocal programs and instituted the\n         McIntire Concertsprogram which featured\n         such renowned artists as, Barrère, Alda, Novaes,\n         Homer, Casals, Ponselle, Martinelli and Zimbalist. With all\n         this, he still found time to arrange the settings of numerous\n         college football songs; to serve as the regular organist at \n         Christ Episcopal Churchin Charlottesville\n         and to continue work on his music compositions and on the\n         development and construction of the \"Polytone,\" his idea of a\n         workable intonation keyboard which he designed to subdivide\n         the octave into 60 tones.","In 1941, Fickénscher retired from the University\n         of Virginia and returned to Fairfax in Marin County in\n         California. There he worked to complete his major unfinished\n         orchestral-choral symphonic poem, \n         The Land East of the Sunand to publish an article on the Polytone which he\n         had patented in February 1941. The article, \"The Polytone and\n         the Potentialities of a Purer Intonation,\" appeared in \n         The Music Quarterly(July, 1941). In May, 1946, he participated in\n         concert at Florida State Teacher's College, conducting \n         The Chamber Bluewith the Australian-American composer, Percy Grainger\n         at the piano and, as pianist, joining a string quartet to play\n         the \n         Piano Quintet.","In 1947, the Fickénschers relocated to the city\n         of San Francisco to spend their remaining years near their\n         daughter. Edith Fickénscher died on January 9, 1950\n         and Arthur Fickénscher on April, 15, 1954. Some\n         years later, in 1983, their ashes were spread over the grounds\n         of the University of Virginia cemetery near the grave of their\n         close friends, James Southall Wilson and his wife Julia by two\n         devoted former students and lifelong friends and associates,\n         Robert Septimus Pace, Jr. and William W. Jones.","As a composer, Arthur Fickénscher was influenced\n         by Bach, Wagner and César Franck. His work\n         reflected contemporary trends and was cast in a \"sensuous\n         mysticism\" that intrigued many of his musical colleagues,\n         particularly Percy Grainger (1882-1961) who considered\n         Fickénscher to be one of the few musical geniuses\n         of the 20th century."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Papers of Arthur Fickénscher contain ca.\n         2,000 items (11 shelf feet) that span the years 1895-1995. The\n         largest portion of the papers, consists of originals and\n         copies of virtually all of the music that\n         Fickénscher produced. The remaining portion\n         contains correspondence and other papers of a professional and\n         personal nature. The collection has been divided into three\n         major groups:\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eGroup I, (Correspondence), contains letters sent to\n         Fickénscher and drafts and second copies of letters\n         that he prepared. The correspondence is subdivided into three\n         categories: (1) General, (2) Named and (3) Polytone Related.\n         These are listed by date or by correspondent name to highlight\n         special interest or subject matter.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eGroup II, (Professional and Personal), contains items\n         relating to Fickénscher's music and academic career\n         activities. These include published articles; biographical\n         background about his life and work; catalogue descriptions of\n         his music; memorabilia in the form of concert and recital\n         programs; reviews and newspaper clippings; a compilation of\n         notes, drawings and music relating to the evolution and\n         development of the \"Polytone;\" and an assortment of other\n         miscellaneous items consisting of financial and contract\n         records of the \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eUniversity of Virginia's McIntire\n         Concerts\u003c/corpname\u003e(1919-1939); photographs of family and\n         friends; instructor notes for voice lessons; some brochures\n         about musical instruments; name and address notebooks and\n         family birth, marriage and burial documents.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eGroup III, (Compositions), contains original manuscripts,\n         master sheets for duplication and print copies of musical\n         scores. These items have been consolidated into oversized\n         folders for ease of reference and study and have been arranged\n         in this listing under descriptive categories similar to those\n         used by Fickénscher in describing his own\n         compositions and by others who have catalogued his musical\n         works. (see William W. Jones and Gordon Rumson (Box 1, below)\n         and also William W. Jones, \n         \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eLife and Works of Arthur Fickénscher,\n            American Composer , 1871-1954\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003e, unpublished, 1992).\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eA 33 1/3 rpm recording of \n         \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eWillowwood\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003e, (a setting of four sonnets by Rossetti for\n         mezzo-soprano with piano, viola and bassoon accompaniment) has\n         been transferred to the appropriate custodial section of the\n         University of Virginia Special Collections Department where it\n         is identified as part of these papers.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Papers of Arthur Fickénscher contain ca.\n         2,000 items (11 shelf feet) that span the years 1895-1995. The\n         largest portion of the papers, consists of originals and\n         copies of virtually all of the music that\n         Fickénscher produced. The remaining portion\n         contains correspondence and other papers of a professional and\n         personal nature. The collection has been divided into three\n         major groups:","Group I, (Correspondence), contains letters sent to\n         Fickénscher and drafts and second copies of letters\n         that he prepared. The correspondence is subdivided into three\n         categories: (1) General, (2) Named and (3) Polytone Related.\n         These are listed by date or by correspondent name to highlight\n         special interest or subject matter.","Group II, (Professional and Personal), contains items\n         relating to Fickénscher's music and academic career\n         activities. These include published articles; biographical\n         background about his life and work; catalogue descriptions of\n         his music; memorabilia in the form of concert and recital\n         programs; reviews and newspaper clippings; a compilation of\n         notes, drawings and music relating to the evolution and\n         development of the \"Polytone;\" and an assortment of other\n         miscellaneous items consisting of financial and contract\n         records of the \n         University of Virginia's McIntire\n         Concerts(1919-1939); photographs of family and\n         friends; instructor notes for voice lessons; some brochures\n         about musical instruments; name and address notebooks and\n         family birth, marriage and burial documents.","Group III, (Compositions), contains original manuscripts,\n         master sheets for duplication and print copies of musical\n         scores. These items have been consolidated into oversized\n         folders for ease of reference and study and have been arranged\n         in this listing under descriptive categories similar to those\n         used by Fickénscher in describing his own\n         compositions and by others who have catalogued his musical\n         works. (see William W. Jones and Gordon Rumson (Box 1, below)\n         and also William W. Jones, \n         Life and Works of Arthur Fickénscher,\n            American Composer , 1871-1954, unpublished, 1992).","A 33 1/3 rpm recording of \n         Willowwood, (a setting of four sonnets by Rossetti for\n         mezzo-soprano with piano, viola and bassoon accompaniment) has\n         been transferred to the appropriate custodial section of the\n         University of Virginia Special Collections Department where it\n         is identified as part of these papers."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n      "],"corpname_ssim":["University of Virginia. Library. Special\n            Collections Dept.","University of Virginia","University Glee Club","Albemarle Choral Club","Norfolk Symphony","McIntire Concerts","Christ Episcopal Church","University of Virginia's McIntire\n         Concerts"],"persname_ssim":["Arthur\n         Fickénscher","Edith Cruzan","Arditha"],"names_ssim":["University of Virginia. Library. Special\n            Collections Dept.","University of Virginia","University Glee Club","Albemarle Choral Club","Norfolk Symphony","McIntire Concerts","Christ Episcopal Church","University of Virginia's McIntire\n         Concerts","Arthur\n         Fickénscher","Edith Cruzan","Arditha"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":133,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:44:29.354Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_viu01897_c02_c06_c01"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9240_c01_c08_c50","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Abraham Lincoln, 1909/1928","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9240_c01_c08_c50#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Southern historical opinion of the man - articles and letter.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9240_c01_c08_c50#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9240_c01_c08_c50","ref_ssm":["viw_repositories_2_resources_9240_c01_c08_c50"],"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9240_c01_c08_c50","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9240","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9240","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9240_c01_c08","parent_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9240_c01_c08","parent_ssim":["Richard Lee Morton papers, 1756/2006, bulk 1930/1969","Series 1: Mss. 90 M84","Box 8"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viw_repositories_2_resources_9240","viw_repositories_2_resources_9240_c01","viw_repositories_2_resources_9240_c01_c08"],"title_filing_ssi":"Abraham Lincoln","title_ssm":["Abraham Lincoln"],"title_tesim":["Abraham Lincoln"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Abraham Lincoln, 1909/1928"],"text":["Abraham Lincoln, 1909/1928","Richard Lee Morton papers, 1756/2006, bulk 1930/1969","Series 1: Mss. 90 M84","Box 8","Box 8","Folder 50","The Southern historical opinion of the man - articles and letter."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Richard Lee Morton papers, 1756/2006, bulk 1930/1969","Series 1: Mss. 90 M84","Box 8"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Richard Lee Morton papers, 1756/2006, bulk 1930/1969","Series 1: Mss. 90 M84","Box 8"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1909/1928"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1909, 1928."],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[3],"sort_isi":393,"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"collection_ssim":["Richard Lee Morton papers, 1756/2006, bulk 1930/1969"],"containers_ssim":["Box 8","Folder 50"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"date_range_isim":[1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Southern historical opinion of the man - articles and letter.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Southern historical opinion of the man - articles and letter."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#7/components#49","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:52:27.031Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9240","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9240","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9240","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9240","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_9240.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Morton, Richard Lee, Papers","title_ssm":["Richard Lee Morton papers"],"title_tesim":["Richard Lee Morton papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1756-2006","1930-1969"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1756-2006"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1930-1969"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1756/2006, bulk 1930/1969"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Richard Lee Morton papers, 1756/2006, bulk 1930/1969"],"text":["Richard Lee Morton papers, 1756/2006, bulk 1930/1969","Mss. 90 M84","/repositories/2/resources/9240","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century","Agriculture--Virginia--History--18th century","Athletics--Football--Scandal of 1951","College of William and Mary--History--20th century","Curriculum--History","Football--Virginia--Williamsburg","Genealogy","Legal documents","Slavery--Virginia--History","United States--History--Prohibition","Class materials","Correspondence","Diaries","Minutes","Photographs","Publications","Reports","Speeches","Collection is open to all researchers. 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The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Other Information:","A PDF document of this inventory is available online.","Additional information may be found at http://scrc.swem.wm.edu/findingaids/90_M84_Morton__Richard_Lee.pdf","Manuscripts and Archives collection combined in June 2012 by Benjamin Bromley.","Papers, chiefly 1930-1969, of Richard Lee Morton, professor of history at the College of William and Mary from 1919 to 1959. Series 1 includes personal and professional correspondence, lectures and notes relating to his research on Virginia history, and material relating to his community activities in Williamsburg, Va. 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The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  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Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA\u003cp\u003eIn some cases the citation format may vary. Please contact Special Collections' staff to verify the appropriate format.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Abraham Lincoln Collection, WLU Coll. 0549, Special Collections and Archives, James G. Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA In some cases the citation format may vary. Please contact Special Collections' staff to verify the appropriate format."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection contains photographs, pamphlets, newspapers, cigar box labels (lithographs), cartes des visites, postcard, etc about Abraham Lincoln.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Collection contains photographs, pamphlets, newspapers, cigar box labels (lithographs), cartes des visites, postcard, etc about Abraham Lincoln."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections."],"corpname_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865"],"names_coll_ssim":["Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865"],"names_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:25:01.007Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_793"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8988","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Abraham Lincoln Ephemera from England, 1909/1930","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_8988#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eNewspaper articles, pamphlets, and other ephemera from England about Abraham Lincoln. Some items relate to the relationship between Manchester, England and Abraham Lincoln, and the Barnard Statue dedicated there in 1919. Manchester supported Lincoln during the American Civil War, and suffered greatly because much of their community depended on the cotton industry. Some clippings are about the Lincoln Collection of Osborn H. Oldroyd which was sold to the U.S. Government in 1925. Many clippings and publications are about Lincoln's view on alcohol and as a role model for Temperance Societies. Includes a photograph of Black Soldiers in World War I looking at a statue of Lincoln.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_8988#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8988","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8988","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8988","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8988","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_8988.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Abraham Lincoln Ephemera from England","title_ssm":["Abraham Lincoln Ephemera from England"],"title_tesim":["Abraham Lincoln Ephemera from England"],"unitdate_ssm":["1909-1930, and undated"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1909-1930, and undated"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1909/1930"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Abraham Lincoln Ephemera from England, 1909/1930"],"text":["Abraham Lincoln Ephemera from England, 1909/1930","SC 01672","/repositories/2/resources/8988","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Newspaper articles, pamphlets, and other ephemera from England about Abraham Lincoln. Some items relate to the relationship between Manchester, England and Abraham Lincoln, and the Barnard Statue dedicated there in 1919.  Manchester supported Lincoln during the American Civil War, and suffered greatly because much of their community depended on the cotton industry. Some clippings are about the Lincoln Collection of Osborn H. Oldroyd which was sold to the U.S. Government in 1925.  Many clippings and publications are about Lincoln's view on alcohol and as a role model for Temperance Societies. Includes a photograph of Black Soldiers in World War I looking at a statue of Lincoln.","Accessioned as 1970.20.  Gift of the History Department, College of William and Mary.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Abraham Lincoln Ephemera from England, 1909/1930"],"collection_ssim":["Abraham Lincoln Ephemera from England, 1909/1930"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 01672","/repositories/2/resources/8988"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 01672","/repositories/2/resources/8988"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865","Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. 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Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNewspaper articles, pamphlets, and other ephemera from England about Abraham Lincoln. Some items relate to the relationship between Manchester, England and Abraham Lincoln, and the Barnard Statue dedicated there in 1919.  Manchester supported Lincoln during the American Civil War, and suffered greatly because much of their community depended on the cotton industry. Some clippings are about the Lincoln Collection of Osborn H. Oldroyd which was sold to the U.S. Government in 1925.  Many clippings and publications are about Lincoln's view on alcohol and as a role model for Temperance Societies. Includes a photograph of Black Soldiers in World War I looking at a statue of Lincoln.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccessioned as 1970.20.  Gift of the History Department, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Newspaper articles, pamphlets, and other ephemera from England about Abraham Lincoln. Some items relate to the relationship between Manchester, England and Abraham Lincoln, and the Barnard Statue dedicated there in 1919.  Manchester supported Lincoln during the American Civil War, and suffered greatly because much of their community depended on the cotton industry. Some clippings are about the Lincoln Collection of Osborn H. Oldroyd which was sold to the U.S. Government in 1925.  Many clippings and publications are about Lincoln's view on alcohol and as a role model for Temperance Societies. Includes a photograph of Black Soldiers in World War I looking at a statue of Lincoln.","Accessioned as 1970.20.  Gift of the History Department, College of William and Mary."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865"],"names_coll_ssim":["Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":3,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:52:09.987Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8988","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8988","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8988","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8988","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_8988.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Abraham Lincoln Ephemera from England","title_ssm":["Abraham Lincoln Ephemera from England"],"title_tesim":["Abraham Lincoln Ephemera from England"],"unitdate_ssm":["1909-1930, and undated"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1909-1930, and undated"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1909/1930"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Abraham Lincoln Ephemera from England, 1909/1930"],"text":["Abraham Lincoln Ephemera from England, 1909/1930","SC 01672","/repositories/2/resources/8988","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Newspaper articles, pamphlets, and other ephemera from England about Abraham Lincoln. Some items relate to the relationship between Manchester, England and Abraham Lincoln, and the Barnard Statue dedicated there in 1919.  Manchester supported Lincoln during the American Civil War, and suffered greatly because much of their community depended on the cotton industry. Some clippings are about the Lincoln Collection of Osborn H. Oldroyd which was sold to the U.S. Government in 1925.  Many clippings and publications are about Lincoln's view on alcohol and as a role model for Temperance Societies. Includes a photograph of Black Soldiers in World War I looking at a statue of Lincoln.","Accessioned as 1970.20.  Gift of the History Department, College of William and Mary.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Abraham Lincoln Ephemera from England, 1909/1930"],"collection_ssim":["Abraham Lincoln Ephemera from England, 1909/1930"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 01672","/repositories/2/resources/8988"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 01672","/repositories/2/resources/8988"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865","Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNewspaper articles, pamphlets, and other ephemera from England about Abraham Lincoln. Some items relate to the relationship between Manchester, England and Abraham Lincoln, and the Barnard Statue dedicated there in 1919.  Manchester supported Lincoln during the American Civil War, and suffered greatly because much of their community depended on the cotton industry. Some clippings are about the Lincoln Collection of Osborn H. Oldroyd which was sold to the U.S. Government in 1925.  Many clippings and publications are about Lincoln's view on alcohol and as a role model for Temperance Societies. Includes a photograph of Black Soldiers in World War I looking at a statue of Lincoln.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccessioned as 1970.20.  Gift of the History Department, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Newspaper articles, pamphlets, and other ephemera from England about Abraham Lincoln. Some items relate to the relationship between Manchester, England and Abraham Lincoln, and the Barnard Statue dedicated there in 1919.  Manchester supported Lincoln during the American Civil War, and suffered greatly because much of their community depended on the cotton industry. Some clippings are about the Lincoln Collection of Osborn H. Oldroyd which was sold to the U.S. Government in 1925.  Many clippings and publications are about Lincoln's view on alcohol and as a role model for Temperance Societies. Includes a photograph of Black Soldiers in World War I looking at a statue of Lincoln.","Accessioned as 1970.20.  Gift of the History Department, College of William and Mary."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865"],"names_coll_ssim":["Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":3,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:52:09.987Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_8988"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8982_c01_c01_c01","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Abrahams, Maurice - composer, 1913/1926","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_8982_c01_c01_c01#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003e\"High-High-High-Up in the Hills\" - 1926, Sam Lewis and Joe Young, librettists; \"Is there Still Room for Me Neath the Old Apple Tree\" - 1915, Edgar Leslie and Lew Brown, librettists; \"Pullman Porters Parade\" - 1913, Ren. g. May, librettists.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_8982_c01_c01_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8982_c01_c01_c01","ref_ssm":["viw_repositories_2_resources_8982_c01_c01_c01"],"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8982_c01_c01_c01","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8982","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8982","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8982_c01_c01","parent_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8982_c01_c01","parent_ssim":["Sheet Music Collection, 1827/1974","Series 1: Sheet Music Acquired Prior to 2007, 1806/1962","Sheet Music Arranged Alphabetically by Composer"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viw_repositories_2_resources_8982","viw_repositories_2_resources_8982_c01","viw_repositories_2_resources_8982_c01_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"Abrahams, Maurice - composer","title_ssm":["Abrahams, Maurice - composer"],"title_tesim":["Abrahams, Maurice - composer"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Abrahams, Maurice - composer, 1913/1926"],"text":["Abrahams, Maurice - composer, 1913/1926","Sheet Music Collection, 1827/1974","Series 1: Sheet Music Acquired Prior to 2007, 1806/1962","Sheet Music Arranged Alphabetically by Composer","Box 1","Folder 1","\"High-High-High-Up in the Hills\" - 1926, Sam Lewis and Joe Young, librettists; \"Is there Still Room for Me Neath the Old Apple Tree\" - 1915, Edgar Leslie and Lew Brown, librettists; \"Pullman Porters Parade\" - 1913, Ren. g. May, librettists."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Sheet Music Collection, 1827/1974","Series 1: Sheet Music Acquired Prior to 2007, 1806/1962","Sheet Music Arranged Alphabetically by Composer"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Sheet Music Collection, 1827/1974","Series 1: Sheet Music Acquired Prior to 2007, 1806/1962","Sheet Music Arranged Alphabetically by Composer"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1913/1926"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1913-1926"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[3],"sort_isi":3,"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"collection_ssim":["Sheet Music Collection, 1827/1974"],"containers_ssim":["Box 1","Folder 1"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"date_range_isim":[1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\"High-High-High-Up in the Hills\" - 1926, Sam Lewis and Joe Young, librettists; \"Is there Still Room for Me Neath the Old Apple Tree\" - 1915, Edgar Leslie and Lew Brown, librettists; \"Pullman Porters Parade\" - 1913, Ren. g. May, librettists.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["\"High-High-High-Up in the Hills\" - 1926, Sam Lewis and Joe Young, librettists; \"Is there Still Room for Me Neath the Old Apple Tree\" - 1915, Edgar Leslie and Lew Brown, librettists; \"Pullman Porters Parade\" - 1913, Ren. g. May, librettists."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#0/components#0","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:52:09.987Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8982","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8982","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8982","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8982","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_8982.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Sheet Music Collection","title_ssm":["Sheet Music Collection"],"title_tesim":["Sheet Music Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1827-1974"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1827-1974"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1827/1974"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Sheet Music Collection, 1827/1974"],"text":["Sheet Music Collection, 1827/1974","Mss. 1.07","/repositories/2/resources/8982","African Americans--Music","Music--19th century.","Music--Virginia--19th century.","United States--History--World War, 1914-1918--Songs and music","World War, 1939-1945--United States--Songs and music","Scores","Sheet music","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Additions are being made to this collection on an ongoing basis.","The collection is currently being processed and new items will be added on an ongoing basis. For this reason the indicated extent and date range are approximate at this point.","Series 1 (box 1-47) contains sheet music acquired prior to 2007.  Subseries 1 (box 1-38)  is arranged alphabetically by composer; Subseries  2 (box 39-40) are filed by arrangers and unknown composers; Subseries 3  (box 41-43) contains exercise books; Subseries 4 (box 44-45) contains portions of collections; Subseries 5 (boxe46) iscollections; and Subseries 6 (box 47) is librettos.","Series 2 (from box 48 onward) consists of acquisitons made 2007 and later, filed in the order in which they are received.","Series 3 is is not yet fully arranged and described. Researchers should consult with a staff member for further information in advance of using this series.","Material received from 2009 to 2010 were accessioned and minimally processed by Ute Schechter. The portion of the collection received prior to 2007 was keyed in by student assistants including Lauren Chapman, Alex Dodd beginning in September 2009. Acc. 2012.050 accessioned and minimally described by Steven Bookman, Univeristy Archives Specialist, in February 2012. Series 3 added in April 2012 by Benjamin Bromley. Acc. 2012.272 and Acc. 2012.360 accessioned and minimally described by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in November 2012. Acc. 2013.247 accessioned and minimally described by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in October 2013.","The Sheet Music Collection includes sheet music collected by the Special Collections Research Center.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Sheet Music Collection, 1827/1974"],"collection_ssim":["Sheet Music Collection, 1827/1974"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss. 1.07","/repositories/2/resources/8982"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss. 1.07","/repositories/2/resources/8982"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Acc. 1997.054 was a gift received on 9/25/1997; Acc. 2007.87 was a gift from Mrs. Edmun C. Glover, III via Jim Deffenbaugh, Music Librarian. Acc. 2009.061 was purchased on 2/26/2009. Acc. 2009.070 was purchased on 2/21/2009. Acc. 2009.069 was purchased on 2/23/2009. Acquisition information for accessions received after February 2009 is not displayed for technical reasons. Consult a staff member for details."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans--Music","Music--19th century.","Music--Virginia--19th century.","United States--History--World War, 1914-1918--Songs and music","World War, 1939-1945--United States--Songs and music","Scores","Sheet music"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans--Music","Music--19th century.","Music--Virginia--19th century.","United States--History--World War, 1914-1918--Songs and music","World War, 1939-1945--United States--Songs and music","Scores","Sheet music"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["55.80 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["55.80 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Scores","Sheet music"],"date_range_isim":[1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditions are being made to this collection on an ongoing basis.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals:"],"accruals_tesim":["Additions are being made to this collection on an ongoing basis."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is currently being processed and new items will be added on an ongoing basis. For this reason the indicated extent and date range are approximate at this point.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 1 (box 1-47) contains sheet music acquired prior to 2007.  Subseries 1 (box 1-38)  is arranged alphabetically by composer; Subseries  2 (box 39-40) are filed by arrangers and unknown composers; Subseries 3  (box 41-43) contains exercise books; Subseries 4 (box 44-45) contains portions of collections; Subseries 5 (boxe46) iscollections; and Subseries 6 (box 47) is librettos.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 2 (from box 48 onward) consists of acquisitons made 2007 and later, filed in the order in which they are received.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 3 is is not yet fully arranged and described. Researchers should consult with a staff member for further information in advance of using this series.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement of Materials:"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is currently being processed and new items will be added on an ongoing basis. For this reason the indicated extent and date range are approximate at this point.","Series 1 (box 1-47) contains sheet music acquired prior to 2007.  Subseries 1 (box 1-38)  is arranged alphabetically by composer; Subseries  2 (box 39-40) are filed by arrangers and unknown composers; Subseries 3  (box 41-43) contains exercise books; Subseries 4 (box 44-45) contains portions of collections; Subseries 5 (boxe46) iscollections; and Subseries 6 (box 47) is librettos.","Series 2 (from box 48 onward) consists of acquisitons made 2007 and later, filed in the order in which they are received.","Series 3 is is not yet fully arranged and described. Researchers should consult with a staff member for further information in advance of using this series."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSheet Music Collection, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Sheet Music Collection, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterial received from 2009 to 2010 were accessioned and minimally processed by Ute Schechter. The portion of the collection received prior to 2007 was keyed in by student assistants including Lauren Chapman, Alex Dodd beginning in September 2009. Acc. 2012.050 accessioned and minimally described by Steven Bookman, Univeristy Archives Specialist, in February 2012. Series 3 added in April 2012 by Benjamin Bromley. Acc. 2012.272 and Acc. 2012.360 accessioned and minimally described by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in November 2012. Acc. 2013.247 accessioned and minimally described by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in October 2013.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information:"],"processinfo_tesim":["Material received from 2009 to 2010 were accessioned and minimally processed by Ute Schechter. The portion of the collection received prior to 2007 was keyed in by student assistants including Lauren Chapman, Alex Dodd beginning in September 2009. Acc. 2012.050 accessioned and minimally described by Steven Bookman, Univeristy Archives Specialist, in February 2012. Series 3 added in April 2012 by Benjamin Bromley. Acc. 2012.272 and Acc. 2012.360 accessioned and minimally described by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in November 2012. Acc. 2013.247 accessioned and minimally described by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in October 2013."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Sheet Music Collection includes sheet music collected by the Special Collections Research Center.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Sheet Music Collection includes sheet music collected by the Special Collections Research Center."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":3666,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:52:09.987Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_8982_c01_c01_c01"}},{"id":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_46_c06_c02_c01","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Abrahams, Meliora [Kansas], 1916/1921","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_46_c06_c02_c01#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eBiographical notes dated 1952 and 1954\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_46_c06_c02_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_46_c06_c02_c01","ref_ssm":["vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_46_c06_c02_c01"],"id":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_46_c06_c02_c01","ead_ssi":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_46","_root_":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_46","_nest_parent_":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_46_c06_c02","parent_ssi":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_46_c06_c02","parent_ssim":["Papers of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, 1858/2016","Series 6. Vice Regents Files, 1858/2016","Sub-Series 6.2. Vice Regents Files - Alphabetical, 1858/2016"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_46","vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_46_c06","vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_46_c06_c02"],"title_filing_ssi":"Abrahams, Meliora [Kansas]","title_ssm":["Abrahams, Meliora [Kansas]"],"title_tesim":["Abrahams, Meliora [Kansas]"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Abrahams, Meliora [Kansas], 1916/1921"],"text":["Abrahams, Meliora [Kansas], 1916/1921","Papers of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, 1858/2016","Series 6. Vice Regents Files, 1858/2016","Sub-Series 6.2. Vice Regents Files - Alphabetical, 1858/2016","box 49","folder 53","Abrahams, Meliora Hambleton","English.","Mrs. John Vanneman Abrahams","Biographical notes dated 1952 and 1954"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Papers of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, 1858/2016","Series 6. Vice Regents Files, 1858/2016","Sub-Series 6.2. Vice Regents Files - Alphabetical, 1858/2016"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Papers of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, 1858/2016","Series 6. Vice Regents Files, 1858/2016","Sub-Series 6.2. Vice Regents Files - Alphabetical, 1858/2016"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1916/1921"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1916-1921"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[3],"sort_isi":1656,"repository_ssim":["The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon"],"collection_ssim":["Papers of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, 1858/2016"],"containers_ssim":["box 49","folder 53"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open to research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. According to the policies of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, certain records in the archives may only be available for research 30 years after creation or file date. The library reserves the right to restrict access to items for preservation purposes."],"persname_ssim":["Abrahams, Meliora Hambleton"],"names_ssim":["Abrahams, Meliora Hambleton"],"language_ssim":["English."],"date_range_isim":[1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMrs. John Vanneman Abrahams\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Mrs. John Vanneman Abrahams"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBiographical notes dated 1952 and 1954\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Biographical notes dated 1952 and 1954"],"_nest_path_":"/components#5/components#1/components#0","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:25:08.530Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_46","ead_ssi":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_46","_root_":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_46","_nest_parent_":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_46","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/MV/repositories_2_resources_46.xml","title_ssm":["Papers of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association"],"title_tesim":["Papers of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association"],"unitdate_ssm":["1858-2016"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1858-2016"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1858/2016"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Papers of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, 1858/2016"],"text":["Papers of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, 1858/2016","A.MVLA","/repositories/2/resources/46","This collection is open to research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. According to the policies of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, certain records in the archives may only be available for research 30 years after creation or file date. The library reserves the right to restrict access to items for preservation purposes.","The Papers of the MVLA is divided into six series, one of which has been further split into two subseries. The majority of material is organized alphabetically, however each series has an arrangement note to explain unique caveats to the organizational structure. The series and subseries are arranged as follows:","Series 1. Committee Files\nSeries 2. Council Files\nSeries 3. Minutes of the Council, original\nSeries 4. Regent's Files\nSeries 5. Papers of the Vice Regents\nSeries 6. Vice Regents Files","Series 6.1. General","Series 6.2. Alphabetical","The Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union was founded in 1853 by Ann Pamela Cunningham. The purpose of the Association was to purchase Mount Vernon, the home of George Washington, in order to restore the property and open the grounds to visitors and admirers who desired to see Washington's house and tomb. Ann Pamela Cunningham became interested in the preservation of Mount Vernon when her mother, traveling down the Potomac River in 1853, saw the house in its neglected and dilapidated state and wrote to her daughter of its condition. Both women thought it shameful to allow the first President's home to fall into ruin. A determined Ann Pamela Cunningham assembled twenty-two women of like mind together to raise money to purchase the property, pay off all debt, and return the gardens and grounds to the condition in which they were left by Washington himself. John Augustine Washington III, George Washington's great-grandnephew and the owner of Mount Vernon at the time, delayed several years in selling the home to the Ladies' Association. He preferred a sale to the State of Virginia or the federal government, both of which declined purchase. In 1858 he finally agreed to sell Mount Vernon to Ann Pamela Cunningham and the MVLA for $200,000. \nThe MVLA is the owner and executive board of Mount Vernon. Membership is made up of one Regent and 20-30 Vice Regents, each from a different state. All MVLA members assemble twice a year in April and October for Council, where they hear motions and reports concerning projects or issues at the estate. The Vice Regents also divide into committees focused on different functions and operations, and rotate members every few years. Today the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association is remembered as the first organization dedicated to historic preservation in the United States, and as innovators in the field of preservation. The Association remains loyal to its original goals, the restoration and care of Mount Vernon, and educating people all over the world about George Washington's life and legacy. Mount Vernon is open to visitors 365 days a year. The estate now consists of not only the Mansion and tomb of Washington, but restored gardens, outbuildings, Pioneer Farm, Gristmill, Distillery, museum and orientation center, the National Library for the Study of George Washington, gift shops, food pavilion, and the Mount Vernon Inn restaurant. \nList of Regents of the MVLA: \n•\tAnn Pamela Cunningham, 1853-1874 resigned 1874, died 1875\n•\tLily Macalester Berghmans Laughton, 1874-1891, died 1891\n•\tJustine Van Rensselaer Townsend, 1891-1909, died 1912\n•\tHarriet Clayton Comegys, 1909-1927, died 1927\n•\tAlice Haliburton King Richards, 1927-1936, died 1936\n•\tHarriet Cole Towner, 1937-1942, died 1942\n•\tMary Vilas Hanks, 1943-1948, died 1959\n•\tHope Hodgman Harkness (formerly Hope H. Powel), 1948-1958, died 1974\n•\tRosamond Harding Randall Beirne, 1958-1968, died 1968\n•\tElizabeth Throckmorton Cooke, 1968-1976, died 1993\n•\tFrances Claiborne Guy, Jr., 1976-1982\n•\tHelen Sharp Anderson, 1982-1986, died 2013\n•\tEugenia Ayer Merrill Seamans, Jr., 1986-1990, died 2010\n•\tMabel Alleyne Livingstone Bishop, 1990-1993, died 2007\n•\tLaura Vaughan Inge Morrissette, 1993-1996\n•\tJane Carew Lee, 1996-1999\n•\tEllen Carroll Walton, 1999-2004\n•\tGay Hart Gaines, 2004-2007\n•\tBoyce Lineberger Ansley, 2007-2010, died 2016\n•\tAnn Haunschild Bookout III, 2010-2013\n•\tBarbara Bourgeois Lucas II, 2013-2016\n•\tSarah Miller Coulson, 2016-","Many of these files, especially from the earlier years of the MVLA, were previously arranged in filing cabinets in the old Mount Vernon Library in the basement of the Ann Pamela Cunningham Administration Building. When possible, the original order of these files and their file names were kept during arrangement and description in this finding aid. All series in this collection are currently open-ended and small accruals will be added from time to time. Series 6 is especially fluid, as single items are often added to a specific Vice Regent's folder (such as an obituary or retirement tribute).","- Publications of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\n- Early Records of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\n- Papers of the Superintendent and Resident Director, 1850-1996\n- Bound Volumes of the Superintendent's Letters, Diaries, and Monthly Reports\n- Papers of James Rees","This collection documents the care and management of Mount Vernon through the work of the MVLA. Types of material include correspondence, reports, memos, notes, personal and biographical information, news clippings, meeting agendas, photographs, scrapbooks, and ephemera. Several highlights of the collection include the original minutes of Council meetings, scrapbooks and ledgers created by Vice Regents, and early correspondence with Regents and Vice Regents. While the library's collection \"Early Records of the MVLA\" documents the founding and early years of the organization, the Papers of the MVLA continues where that collection ended and preserves the ongoing story of these women and the fulfillment of their mission. Creators of the collection are largely the board members themselves, along with staff and employees who worked directly with them. Scope notes have been added before the content list of each series to better describe its specific provenance and content. The bulk of the collection dates from the 1950s to the 1990s, however there is a very wide range represented overall, 1858-2016.","Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Black Women United for Action","Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","Townsend, Justine Van Rensselaer, 1828-1912","Comegys, Harriet Clayton, 1840-1927","Richards, Alice Haliburton King, 1860-1936","Towner, Harriet C. (Harriet Cole), 1869-1942","Hanks, Mary Esther Vilas, 1873-1959","Harkness, Hope Hodgman Powel, 1889-1974","Beirne, Rosamond Randall, 1894-1969","Cooke, Elizabeth Throckmorton, 1897-1993","Guy, Frances Claiborne, 1921-2016","Anderson, Helen Sharp, 1916-2013","Seamans, Eugenia Merrill, 1922-2010","Bishop, Mabel Livingstone, 1925-2007","Morrissette, Laura Vaughan Inge, 1933-","Lee, Jane Carew, 1931-2019","Walton, Ellen Carroll","Gaines, Gay Hart","Ansley, Boyce Lineberger, 1946-2016","Bookout, Ann Haunschild","Lucas, Barbara Bourgeois","Allison, Margaret Appleton","Berry, Violetta Lansdale, 1883-1971","Bolton, Mary Peters","Brown, Anne Crawford Allen, 1848-1936","Burdick, Alison Ward, 1912-2007","Carpenter, Harriet Isham, 1869-1948","Coolidge, Mary Abigail Parsons, 1878-1964","Cubbedge, Margaret Ellis, 1896-1985","Gammill, Lynn Crosby, 1936-","Hagner, Adlumia Sterrett, 1916-2007","Herbert, Leila","Holderness, Eunice Jackson, 1917-2007","Hollis, Margaret Belser, 1924-2015","Labouisse, Sally (Sarah Cameron), 1903-1985","Fisher, Robert B.","Morse, Frank","Neal, Anne D.","Platt, Page Anderson, 1899-1984","Dodge, Harrison Howell, 1852-1937","Rathbone, Elizabeth Adams, 1837-1923","Richardson, Melody Sawyer","Smith, Gene Smith","Strachan, Rose Forsyth, 1915-2000","Sullivan, Priscilla Manning, 1911-1994","Symmes, Harrison M., 1921-2010","Woodbury, Charlotte, 1873-1966","Todd, Frances Packette, 1901-1987","Tyler, Constance Ellen, 1911-1963","Wiener, Ellanore Brown","Abrahams, Meliora Hambleton","Alexander, Hope Powel, 1925-2019","Ames, Anne Carrington Dwight, 1849-1904","Anderson, Isabel Scott, 1899-1994","Anderson, Anne Page Wilder, 1873-1956","Andrews, Julia Johnston, 1846-1915","Armour, Mary Gooch, 1942-","Aurell, Jane Collins","Baker, Fannie Gilchrist, 1838-1901","Balfour, Emma Harrison Warren, 1818-1887","Ball, Emma R., 1838-1918","Barnes, Mary Fauntleroy, 1824-1912","Barret, Margaretta Mason Brown, 1839-1920","Barret, Rosa Robinson, 1881-1955","Barry, Elizabeth Willard, 1814-1883","Battle, Charlotte Timberlake","Bayard, Elizabeth du Pont, 1880-1975","Bennett, Jamie Armstrong, 1881-1963","Billups, Mary Govan, 1874-1971","Blackburn, Alpha Coles","Bockstoce, Elizabeth Roberts, 1918-1995","Bolton, Frances Payne Bingham, 1885-1977","Borthwick, Maribeth Armstrong","Bowlin, Ruth Price","Bradford, Helen MacKay, 1940-2004","Bradford, Mary Conover","Young , James","Broadwell, Elizabeth Lytle","Brockett, Marcella Powell Gibson","Brooks, Mary Cunningham Randolph, 1816-1882","Evarts, Mary, 1854-1928","Brown, Caroline Hinman Clement","Brown, Cynthia Pillow Saunders, 1810-1892","Buchanan, Frances Rogers","Bush, Margaret Gage","Butler, Sarah Duncan","Cabot, Nancy Graves, 1889-1969","Cain, Talbot deButts, 1941-2013","Call, Nancy Banning","Campbell, Virginia Kyle, 1822-1882","Carson, Dana Porter","Chapin, Betsy (Elizabeth M.)","Chesnut, Mary, 1775-1864","Chisholm, Katherine Crutcher, 1929-2016","Collins, Mary Call Darby, 1911-2009","Comegys, Margaret Douglass, 1816-1888","Conover, Helen Field, 1833-1914","Cox, Katherine Cabell Claiborne, 1854-1925","Crumpacker, Anne Finkbeiner (Elizabeth Anne Finkbeiner)","Danforth, Edwine Evans, 1863-1961","Davis, Florence Stumb","De Forest, Elizabeth Kellam","Denham, Mary Simkins, 1868-1950","Dewey, Ruth Harrington, 1918-2016","Dickinson, Alice London, 1814-1881","Dillon, Anna Price, 1835-1898","Du Pont, Elizabeth N.","Emory, Matilda Bache, 1819-1900","Eve, Philoclea Edgeworth Casey, 1813-1889","Failing, Mary Forbush, 1862-1947","Fauth, Geren Watson","Fitch, Harriet Satterlee","Fogg, Francis B., Mrs., 1800-1872","Foster, Victorine Du Pont, 1849-1934","Freeman, Margaret Walthall","Furness, Anna Ramsey, 1876-1964","Furness, Marion Ramsey, 1853-1935","Gilchrist, Gene Robin","Goldsborough, Eleanor Rogers, 1822-1906","Goodrich, Mary Boott, 1807-1868","Graham, Christine Blair, 1852-1915","Greenough, Louisa Ingersoll, 1813-1891","Guthrie, Beatrice Holden","Hagood, Derrill Maybank","Haldeman, Jane Norton, 1909-1984","Hale, Sarah King, 1798-1865","Halsted, Nancy Marsh, 1817-1891","Schuyler, Mary Morris Hamilton, 1818-1877","McAdoo, Mary Cheston (formerly Mary Hancock)","Hanks, Lorelai Jackson, 1929-2006","Harper, Emily L. (Emily Louisa), 1812-1892","Harrison, Hetty Cary, 1871-1943","Haskell, Mary Rushton, 1903-1971","Hearst, Phoebe Apperson, 1842-1919","Henke, Bonnie Creekmore (Mary Elizabeth)","Hill, Alice Hale, 1840-1908","Hitz, Elizabeth Holliday, 1894-1979","Holden, Polly Bullard, 1906-2004","Hollenberg, Josephine Heiskell Harrison (Deanie), 1915-2011","Hudson, Susan Edwards Johnson, 1825-1913","Hunt, Anne Lucas, 1796-1879","Huntress, Harriet Lane, 1860-1922","Sydnor, Ella Hutchins, 1844-1913","Irwin, Alice Dandridge, 1855-1916","Isham, Elizabeth Totten","Jeffrey, Rosa Vertner, 1828-1894","Jennings, Annie Burr, 1855-1939","Johnson, Sarah Smith, -1862","Johnston, Elizabeth Johnston Evans, 1851-1934","King, Annie Ragan, 1856-1933","Lamont, Elinor Miner, 1901-1972","Lane, Virginia Dawson","Laughton, Lily Macalester Berghmans, 1832-1891","Lawson, Priscilla Plumb","Leary, Eliza Ferry, 1851-1935","Leiter, Mary Theresa, 1844-1913","Le Vert, Octavia Walton, 1810-1877","Lewis, Annie Burr Auchincloss, 1902-1959","Livingood, Lily Foster","Lobb, Mary Montgomery, 1915-2005","Longfellow, Alice M. (Alice Mary), 1850-1928","Dana, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, 1881-1950","Lord, Bertha Dunlap, 1880-1956","Loughborough, Louise Wright, 1881-1962","Lyle, Margaret Vilas","Mars, Adrienne Bevis","Terrell, Mary Maverick, 1851-1891","Maxey, Mary Frances Campbell","McIlvain, Janet Hattan","McWillie, Catherine Anderson, 1812-1873","Mercer, Martha Dana, 1872-1960","Mitchell, Martha Reed, 1818-1902","Moore, Lisa Rosenberger","Moore, Susan Rutledge, 1906-1987","Morse, Margaretta Wederstrandt, 1816-1893","Murat, Catherine Willis, 1803-1867","Nagel, Anne Shepley","Nalty, Elizabeth Shaw","Neal, Georgianne Davis","Neill, Nancy","Newman, Eleanor Tarrant, 1934-2017","Ogden, Phebe Ann, 1790-1865","Olander, Eileen Maloney","Pack, Phoebe Finley, 1907-2000","Parker, Eleanor Carroll Lyster, 1871-1924","Pendleton, Mary Alicia Key, 1824-1886","Pepper, Rebecca Willing, 1882-1955","Perrie, Alice Johnson","Peterkin, Constance Lee, 1872-1948","Pfaelzer, Marianne Henry","Pickens, Lucy Petaway Holcombe","Pirtle, Mary Hall, 1922-2012","Pope, Nancy Lucas Turner, 1870-1950","Porcher, Virginia Leigh, 1866-1940","Pringle, Elizabeth W. Allston (Elizabeth Waties Allston), 1845-1921","Richardson, Ida Ann Slocomb, 1830-1910","Ricks, Fanny Jones, 1852-1918","Riggs, Janet Shedden, 1815-1871","Ritchie, Anna Cora Mowatt, 1819-1870","Rogers, Frances Dennis","Sargent, Helen Louise","Schuyler, Harriet Lowndes Langdon, 1838-1915","Scott, Caroline Drennen, 1827-1910","Scott, Mary Mason, 1867-1934","Seaman, Eleanor Remick","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994","Bush, George, 1924-2018","Bush, Barbara, 1925-2018","Semple, Cynthia Taylor","Shelton, Clara Francis (died 1936)","Shields, Jeanne Otis","Shipp, Margaret Busbee, 1871-1936","Sibley, Sarah Steele, 1823-1869","Simplot, Adelia Garro","Streeter, Lucille Anderson","Sweat, Margaret J.M. (Margaret Jane Mussey), 1823-1908","Taliaferro, Lucy Ramsay, 1871-1953","Tarr, Irene Haley, 1898-1988","Thayer, Pauline Revere, 1862-1934","Thom, Mary Keyser Stewart, 1874-1963","Townsend, Amy Cornell","Troup, Elsie De Cou","Van Antwerp, Jane Yates, 1815-1870","Van Deventer, Mary Finley","Vaughan, Margaret Driggs, 1917-2003","Walcott, Mary Newcomer","Walker, Letitia Morehead, 1823-1908","Ward, Jennie Meeker (Sarah Jane), 1833-1910","Warren, Romayne Latta, 1877-1968","Washington, Ella Bassett, 1834-1898","Webber, Barbara Chase","Weller, Lucy Ireland","West, Ann Wick, 1930-2020","West, Constance F.","Wheeler, Lillian Marsh, 1863-1952","Wick, Ann Dugdale","Wilder, Caryl Casselberry, 1923-2005","Wilder, Georgia King Smith, 1833-1914","Williams, Priscilla de Forest","Winder, Abbie Rice Goodwin, 1829-1906","Woodward, Eliza Brand Macalester, 1811-1897","Yulee, Nancy Wickliffe, 1822-1885","Coulson, Sarah Miller","Mauran, Elizabeth Rollins","Sahin, Andrea Notman","Scott, Ann Cady","Amundsen, Claudia Puig","Grant, Judith Wilson","Holdsworth, Elizabeth Lawson Whitesides","Reeder, Susan Stevens","Sherrill, Jean Armfield","West, Gail Berry, 1942-","Ford, Gerald R., 1913-2006","Giscard d'Estaing, Valéry, 1926-2020","Bush, Laura Welch, 1946-","Meadows, Christine, 1932-2013","Cunningham, Ann Pamela, 1816-1875","Bush, George W. (George Walker), 1946-","Carter, Rosalynn","Swann, Don, 1889-1954","Pickup, Ernest A. (Ernest Alexander), 1887-1970","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Papers of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, 1858/2016"],"collection_ssim":["Papers of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, 1858/2016"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A.MVLA","/repositories/2/resources/46"],"unitid_tesim":["A.MVLA","/repositories/2/resources/46"],"repository_ssm":["The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon"],"repository_ssim":["The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","Townsend, Justine Van Rensselaer, 1828-1912","Comegys, Harriet Clayton, 1840-1927","Richards, Alice Haliburton King, 1860-1936","Towner, Harriet C. (Harriet Cole), 1869-1942","Hanks, Mary Esther Vilas, 1873-1959","Harkness, Hope Hodgman Powel, 1889-1974","Beirne, Rosamond Randall, 1894-1969","Cooke, Elizabeth Throckmorton, 1897-1993","Guy, Frances Claiborne, 1921-2016","Anderson, Helen Sharp, 1916-2013","Seamans, Eugenia Merrill, 1922-2010","Bishop, Mabel Livingstone, 1925-2007","Morrissette, Laura Vaughan Inge, 1933-","Lee, Jane Carew, 1931-2019","Walton, Ellen Carroll","Gaines, Gay Hart","Ansley, Boyce Lineberger, 1946-2016","Bookout, Ann Haunschild","Lucas, Barbara Bourgeois","Allison, Margaret Appleton","Berry, Violetta Lansdale, 1883-1971","Bolton, Mary Peters","Brown, Anne Crawford Allen, 1848-1936","Burdick, Alison Ward, 1912-2007","Carpenter, Harriet Isham, 1869-1948","Coolidge, Mary Abigail Parsons, 1878-1964","Cubbedge, Margaret Ellis, 1896-1985","Gammill, Lynn Crosby, 1936-","Hagner, Adlumia Sterrett, 1916-2007","Herbert, Leila","Holderness, Eunice Jackson, 1917-2007","Hollis, Margaret Belser, 1924-2015","Labouisse, Sally (Sarah Cameron), 1903-1985","Fisher, Robert B.","Morse, Frank","Neal, Anne D.","Platt, Page Anderson, 1899-1984","Dodge, Harrison Howell, 1852-1937","Rathbone, Elizabeth Adams, 1837-1923","Richardson, Melody Sawyer","Smith, Gene Smith","Strachan, Rose Forsyth, 1915-2000","Sullivan, Priscilla Manning, 1911-1994","Symmes, Harrison M., 1921-2010","Woodbury, Charlotte, 1873-1966","Todd, Frances Packette, 1901-1987","Tyler, Constance Ellen, 1911-1963","Wiener, Ellanore Brown","Abrahams, Meliora Hambleton","Alexander, Hope Powel, 1925-2019","Ames, Anne Carrington Dwight, 1849-1904","Anderson, Isabel Scott, 1899-1994","Anderson, Anne Page Wilder, 1873-1956","Andrews, Julia Johnston, 1846-1915","Armour, Mary Gooch, 1942-","Aurell, Jane Collins","Baker, Fannie Gilchrist, 1838-1901","Balfour, Emma Harrison Warren, 1818-1887","Ball, Emma R., 1838-1918","Barnes, Mary Fauntleroy, 1824-1912","Barret, Margaretta Mason Brown, 1839-1920","Barret, Rosa Robinson, 1881-1955","Barry, Elizabeth Willard, 1814-1883","Battle, Charlotte Timberlake","Bayard, Elizabeth du Pont, 1880-1975","Bennett, Jamie Armstrong, 1881-1963","Billups, Mary Govan, 1874-1971","Blackburn, Alpha Coles","Bockstoce, Elizabeth Roberts, 1918-1995","Bolton, Frances Payne Bingham, 1885-1977","Borthwick, Maribeth Armstrong","Bowlin, Ruth Price","Bradford, Helen MacKay, 1940-2004","Bradford, Mary Conover","Young , James","Broadwell, Elizabeth Lytle","Brockett, Marcella Powell Gibson","Brooks, Mary Cunningham Randolph, 1816-1882","Evarts, Mary, 1854-1928","Brown, Caroline Hinman Clement","Brown, Cynthia Pillow Saunders, 1810-1892","Buchanan, Frances Rogers","Bush, Margaret Gage","Butler, Sarah Duncan","Cabot, Nancy Graves, 1889-1969","Cain, Talbot deButts, 1941-2013","Call, Nancy Banning","Campbell, Virginia Kyle, 1822-1882","Carson, Dana Porter","Chapin, Betsy (Elizabeth M.)","Chesnut, Mary, 1775-1864","Chisholm, Katherine Crutcher, 1929-2016","Collins, Mary Call Darby, 1911-2009","Comegys, Margaret Douglass, 1816-1888","Conover, Helen Field, 1833-1914","Cox, Katherine Cabell Claiborne, 1854-1925","Crumpacker, Anne Finkbeiner (Elizabeth Anne Finkbeiner)","Danforth, Edwine Evans, 1863-1961","Davis, Florence Stumb","De Forest, Elizabeth Kellam","Denham, Mary Simkins, 1868-1950","Dewey, Ruth Harrington, 1918-2016","Dickinson, Alice London, 1814-1881","Dillon, Anna Price, 1835-1898","Du Pont, Elizabeth N.","Emory, Matilda Bache, 1819-1900","Eve, Philoclea Edgeworth Casey, 1813-1889","Failing, Mary Forbush, 1862-1947","Fauth, Geren Watson","Fitch, Harriet Satterlee","Fogg, Francis B., Mrs., 1800-1872","Foster, Victorine Du Pont, 1849-1934","Freeman, Margaret Walthall","Furness, Anna Ramsey, 1876-1964","Furness, Marion Ramsey, 1853-1935","Gilchrist, Gene Robin","Goldsborough, Eleanor Rogers, 1822-1906","Goodrich, Mary Boott, 1807-1868","Graham, Christine Blair, 1852-1915","Greenough, Louisa Ingersoll, 1813-1891","Guthrie, Beatrice Holden","Hagood, Derrill Maybank","Haldeman, Jane Norton, 1909-1984","Hale, Sarah King, 1798-1865","Halsted, Nancy Marsh, 1817-1891","Schuyler, Mary Morris Hamilton, 1818-1877","McAdoo, Mary Cheston (formerly Mary Hancock)","Hanks, Lorelai Jackson, 1929-2006","Harper, Emily L. (Emily Louisa), 1812-1892","Harrison, Hetty Cary, 1871-1943","Haskell, Mary Rushton, 1903-1971","Hearst, Phoebe Apperson, 1842-1919","Henke, Bonnie Creekmore (Mary Elizabeth)","Hill, Alice Hale, 1840-1908","Hitz, Elizabeth Holliday, 1894-1979","Holden, Polly Bullard, 1906-2004","Hollenberg, Josephine Heiskell Harrison (Deanie), 1915-2011","Hudson, Susan Edwards Johnson, 1825-1913","Hunt, Anne Lucas, 1796-1879","Huntress, Harriet Lane, 1860-1922","Sydnor, Ella Hutchins, 1844-1913","Irwin, Alice Dandridge, 1855-1916","Isham, Elizabeth Totten","Jeffrey, Rosa Vertner, 1828-1894","Jennings, Annie Burr, 1855-1939","Johnson, Sarah Smith, -1862","Johnston, Elizabeth Johnston Evans, 1851-1934","King, Annie Ragan, 1856-1933","Lamont, Elinor Miner, 1901-1972","Lane, Virginia Dawson","Laughton, Lily Macalester Berghmans, 1832-1891","Lawson, Priscilla Plumb","Leary, Eliza Ferry, 1851-1935","Leiter, Mary Theresa, 1844-1913","Le Vert, Octavia Walton, 1810-1877","Lewis, Annie Burr Auchincloss, 1902-1959","Livingood, Lily Foster","Lobb, Mary Montgomery, 1915-2005","Longfellow, Alice M. (Alice Mary), 1850-1928","Dana, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, 1881-1950","Lord, Bertha Dunlap, 1880-1956","Loughborough, Louise Wright, 1881-1962","Lyle, Margaret Vilas","Mars, Adrienne Bevis","Terrell, Mary Maverick, 1851-1891","Maxey, Mary Frances Campbell","McIlvain, Janet Hattan","McWillie, Catherine Anderson, 1812-1873","Mercer, Martha Dana, 1872-1960","Mitchell, Martha Reed, 1818-1902","Moore, Lisa Rosenberger","Moore, Susan Rutledge, 1906-1987","Morse, Margaretta Wederstrandt, 1816-1893","Murat, Catherine Willis, 1803-1867","Nagel, Anne Shepley","Nalty, Elizabeth Shaw","Neal, Georgianne Davis","Neill, Nancy","Newman, Eleanor Tarrant, 1934-2017","Ogden, Phebe Ann, 1790-1865","Olander, Eileen Maloney","Pack, Phoebe Finley, 1907-2000","Parker, Eleanor Carroll Lyster, 1871-1924","Pendleton, Mary Alicia Key, 1824-1886","Pepper, Rebecca Willing, 1882-1955","Perrie, Alice Johnson","Peterkin, Constance Lee, 1872-1948","Pfaelzer, Marianne Henry","Pickens, Lucy Petaway Holcombe","Pirtle, Mary Hall, 1922-2012","Pope, Nancy Lucas Turner, 1870-1950","Porcher, Virginia Leigh, 1866-1940","Pringle, Elizabeth W. Allston (Elizabeth Waties Allston), 1845-1921","Richardson, Ida Ann Slocomb, 1830-1910","Ricks, Fanny Jones, 1852-1918","Riggs, Janet Shedden, 1815-1871","Ritchie, Anna Cora Mowatt, 1819-1870","Rogers, Frances Dennis","Sargent, Helen Louise","Schuyler, Harriet Lowndes Langdon, 1838-1915","Scott, Caroline Drennen, 1827-1910","Scott, Mary Mason, 1867-1934","Seaman, Eleanor Remick","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994","Bush, George, 1924-2018","Bush, Barbara, 1925-2018","Semple, Cynthia Taylor","Shelton, Clara Francis (died 1936)","Shields, Jeanne Otis","Shipp, Margaret Busbee, 1871-1936","Sibley, Sarah Steele, 1823-1869","Simplot, Adelia Garro","Streeter, Lucille Anderson","Sweat, Margaret J.M. 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(George Walker), 1946-","Carter, Rosalynn","Swann, Don, 1889-1954","Pickup, Ernest A. (Ernest Alexander), 1887-1970"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Black Women United for Action"],"creators_ssim":["Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","Townsend, Justine Van Rensselaer, 1828-1912","Comegys, Harriet Clayton, 1840-1927","Richards, Alice Haliburton King, 1860-1936","Towner, Harriet C. (Harriet Cole), 1869-1942","Hanks, Mary Esther Vilas, 1873-1959","Harkness, Hope Hodgman Powel, 1889-1974","Beirne, Rosamond Randall, 1894-1969","Cooke, Elizabeth Throckmorton, 1897-1993","Guy, Frances Claiborne, 1921-2016","Anderson, Helen Sharp, 1916-2013","Seamans, Eugenia Merrill, 1922-2010","Bishop, Mabel Livingstone, 1925-2007","Morrissette, Laura Vaughan Inge, 1933-","Lee, Jane Carew, 1931-2019","Walton, Ellen Carroll","Gaines, Gay Hart","Ansley, Boyce Lineberger, 1946-2016","Bookout, Ann Haunschild","Lucas, Barbara Bourgeois","Allison, Margaret Appleton","Berry, Violetta Lansdale, 1883-1971","Bolton, Mary Peters","Brown, Anne Crawford Allen, 1848-1936","Burdick, Alison Ward, 1912-2007","Carpenter, Harriet Isham, 1869-1948","Coolidge, Mary Abigail Parsons, 1878-1964","Cubbedge, Margaret Ellis, 1896-1985","Gammill, Lynn Crosby, 1936-","Hagner, Adlumia Sterrett, 1916-2007","Herbert, Leila","Holderness, Eunice Jackson, 1917-2007","Hollis, Margaret Belser, 1924-2015","Labouisse, Sally (Sarah Cameron), 1903-1985","Fisher, Robert B.","Morse, Frank","Neal, Anne D.","Platt, Page Anderson, 1899-1984","Dodge, Harrison Howell, 1852-1937","Rathbone, Elizabeth Adams, 1837-1923","Richardson, Melody Sawyer","Smith, Gene Smith","Strachan, Rose Forsyth, 1915-2000","Sullivan, Priscilla Manning, 1911-1994","Symmes, Harrison M., 1921-2010","Woodbury, Charlotte, 1873-1966","Todd, Frances Packette, 1901-1987","Tyler, Constance Ellen, 1911-1963","Wiener, Ellanore Brown","Abrahams, Meliora Hambleton","Alexander, Hope Powel, 1925-2019","Ames, Anne Carrington Dwight, 1849-1904","Anderson, Isabel Scott, 1899-1994","Anderson, Anne Page Wilder, 1873-1956","Andrews, Julia Johnston, 1846-1915","Armour, Mary Gooch, 1942-","Aurell, Jane Collins","Baker, Fannie Gilchrist, 1838-1901","Balfour, Emma Harrison Warren, 1818-1887","Ball, Emma R., 1838-1918","Barnes, Mary Fauntleroy, 1824-1912","Barret, Margaretta Mason Brown, 1839-1920","Barret, Rosa Robinson, 1881-1955","Barry, Elizabeth Willard, 1814-1883","Battle, Charlotte Timberlake","Bayard, Elizabeth du Pont, 1880-1975","Bennett, Jamie Armstrong, 1881-1963","Billups, Mary Govan, 1874-1971","Blackburn, Alpha Coles","Bockstoce, Elizabeth Roberts, 1918-1995","Bolton, Frances Payne Bingham, 1885-1977","Borthwick, Maribeth Armstrong","Bowlin, Ruth Price","Bradford, Helen MacKay, 1940-2004","Bradford, Mary Conover","Young , James","Broadwell, Elizabeth Lytle","Brockett, Marcella Powell Gibson","Brooks, Mary Cunningham Randolph, 1816-1882","Evarts, Mary, 1854-1928","Brown, Caroline Hinman Clement","Brown, Cynthia Pillow Saunders, 1810-1892","Buchanan, Frances Rogers","Bush, Margaret Gage","Butler, Sarah Duncan","Cabot, Nancy Graves, 1889-1969","Cain, Talbot deButts, 1941-2013","Call, Nancy Banning","Campbell, Virginia Kyle, 1822-1882","Carson, Dana Porter","Chapin, Betsy (Elizabeth M.)","Chesnut, Mary, 1775-1864","Chisholm, Katherine Crutcher, 1929-2016","Collins, Mary Call Darby, 1911-2009","Comegys, Margaret Douglass, 1816-1888","Conover, Helen Field, 1833-1914","Cox, Katherine Cabell Claiborne, 1854-1925","Crumpacker, Anne Finkbeiner (Elizabeth Anne Finkbeiner)","Danforth, Edwine Evans, 1863-1961","Davis, Florence Stumb","De Forest, Elizabeth Kellam","Denham, Mary Simkins, 1868-1950","Dewey, Ruth Harrington, 1918-2016","Dickinson, Alice London, 1814-1881","Dillon, Anna Price, 1835-1898","Du Pont, Elizabeth N.","Emory, Matilda Bache, 1819-1900","Eve, Philoclea Edgeworth Casey, 1813-1889","Failing, Mary Forbush, 1862-1947","Fauth, Geren Watson","Fitch, Harriet Satterlee","Fogg, Francis B., Mrs., 1800-1872","Foster, Victorine Du Pont, 1849-1934","Freeman, Margaret Walthall","Furness, Anna Ramsey, 1876-1964","Furness, Marion Ramsey, 1853-1935","Gilchrist, Gene Robin","Goldsborough, Eleanor Rogers, 1822-1906","Goodrich, Mary Boott, 1807-1868","Graham, Christine Blair, 1852-1915","Greenough, Louisa Ingersoll, 1813-1891","Guthrie, Beatrice Holden","Hagood, Derrill Maybank","Haldeman, Jane Norton, 1909-1984","Hale, Sarah King, 1798-1865","Halsted, Nancy Marsh, 1817-1891","Schuyler, Mary Morris Hamilton, 1818-1877","McAdoo, Mary Cheston (formerly Mary Hancock)","Hanks, Lorelai Jackson, 1929-2006","Harper, Emily L. (Emily Louisa), 1812-1892","Harrison, Hetty Cary, 1871-1943","Haskell, Mary Rushton, 1903-1971","Hearst, Phoebe Apperson, 1842-1919","Henke, Bonnie Creekmore (Mary Elizabeth)","Hill, Alice Hale, 1840-1908","Hitz, Elizabeth Holliday, 1894-1979","Holden, Polly Bullard, 1906-2004","Hollenberg, Josephine Heiskell Harrison (Deanie), 1915-2011","Hudson, Susan Edwards Johnson, 1825-1913","Hunt, Anne Lucas, 1796-1879","Huntress, Harriet Lane, 1860-1922","Sydnor, Ella Hutchins, 1844-1913","Irwin, Alice Dandridge, 1855-1916","Isham, Elizabeth Totten","Jeffrey, Rosa Vertner, 1828-1894","Jennings, Annie Burr, 1855-1939","Johnson, Sarah Smith, -1862","Johnston, Elizabeth Johnston Evans, 1851-1934","King, Annie Ragan, 1856-1933","Lamont, Elinor Miner, 1901-1972","Lane, Virginia Dawson","Laughton, Lily Macalester Berghmans, 1832-1891","Lawson, Priscilla Plumb","Leary, Eliza Ferry, 1851-1935","Leiter, Mary Theresa, 1844-1913","Le Vert, Octavia Walton, 1810-1877","Lewis, Annie Burr Auchincloss, 1902-1959","Livingood, Lily Foster","Lobb, Mary Montgomery, 1915-2005","Longfellow, Alice M. 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Allston (Elizabeth Waties Allston), 1845-1921","Richardson, Ida Ann Slocomb, 1830-1910","Ricks, Fanny Jones, 1852-1918","Riggs, Janet Shedden, 1815-1871","Ritchie, Anna Cora Mowatt, 1819-1870","Rogers, Frances Dennis","Sargent, Helen Louise","Schuyler, Harriet Lowndes Langdon, 1838-1915","Scott, Caroline Drennen, 1827-1910","Scott, Mary Mason, 1867-1934","Seaman, Eleanor Remick","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994","Bush, George, 1924-2018","Bush, Barbara, 1925-2018","Semple, Cynthia Taylor","Shelton, Clara Francis (died 1936)","Shields, Jeanne Otis","Shipp, Margaret Busbee, 1871-1936","Sibley, Sarah Steele, 1823-1869","Simplot, Adelia Garro","Streeter, Lucille Anderson","Sweat, Margaret J.M. (Margaret Jane Mussey), 1823-1908","Taliaferro, Lucy Ramsay, 1871-1953","Tarr, Irene Haley, 1898-1988","Thayer, Pauline Revere, 1862-1934","Thom, Mary Keyser Stewart, 1874-1963","Townsend, Amy Cornell","Troup, Elsie De Cou","Van Antwerp, Jane Yates, 1815-1870","Van Deventer, Mary Finley","Vaughan, Margaret Driggs, 1917-2003","Walcott, Mary Newcomer","Walker, Letitia Morehead, 1823-1908","Ward, Jennie Meeker (Sarah Jane), 1833-1910","Warren, Romayne Latta, 1877-1968","Washington, Ella Bassett, 1834-1898","Webber, Barbara Chase","Weller, Lucy Ireland","West, Ann Wick, 1930-2020","West, Constance F.","Wheeler, Lillian Marsh, 1863-1952","Wick, Ann Dugdale","Wilder, Caryl Casselberry, 1923-2005","Wilder, Georgia King Smith, 1833-1914","Williams, Priscilla de Forest","Winder, Abbie Rice Goodwin, 1829-1906","Woodward, Eliza Brand Macalester, 1811-1897","Yulee, Nancy Wickliffe, 1822-1885","Coulson, Sarah Miller","Mauran, Elizabeth Rollins","Sahin, Andrea Notman","Scott, Ann Cady","Amundsen, Claudia Puig","Grant, Judith Wilson","Holdsworth, Elizabeth Lawson Whitesides","Reeder, Susan Stevens","Sherrill, Jean Armfield","West, Gail Berry, 1942-","Ford, Gerald R., 1913-2006","Giscard d'Estaing, Valéry, 1926-2020","Bush, Laura Welch, 1946-","Meadows, Christine, 1932-2013","Cunningham, Ann Pamela, 1816-1875","Bush, George W. 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Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. According to the policies of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, certain records in the archives may only be available for research 30 years after creation or file date. The library reserves the right to restrict access to items for preservation purposes.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open to research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. According to the policies of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, certain records in the archives may only be available for research 30 years after creation or file date. The library reserves the right to restrict access to items for preservation purposes."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Papers of the MVLA is divided into six series, one of which has been further split into two subseries. The majority of material is organized alphabetically, however each series has an arrangement note to explain unique caveats to the organizational structure. The series and subseries are arranged as follows:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1. Committee Files\nSeries 2. Council Files\nSeries 3. Minutes of the Council, original\nSeries 4. Regent's Files\nSeries 5. Papers of the Vice Regents\nSeries 6. Vice Regents Files\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6.1. General\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6.2. Alphabetical\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Papers of the MVLA is divided into six series, one of which has been further split into two subseries. The majority of material is organized alphabetically, however each series has an arrangement note to explain unique caveats to the organizational structure. The series and subseries are arranged as follows:","Series 1. Committee Files\nSeries 2. Council Files\nSeries 3. Minutes of the Council, original\nSeries 4. Regent's Files\nSeries 5. Papers of the Vice Regents\nSeries 6. Vice Regents Files","Series 6.1. General","Series 6.2. Alphabetical"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union was founded in 1853 by Ann Pamela Cunningham. The purpose of the Association was to purchase Mount Vernon, the home of George Washington, in order to restore the property and open the grounds to visitors and admirers who desired to see Washington's house and tomb. Ann Pamela Cunningham became interested in the preservation of Mount Vernon when her mother, traveling down the Potomac River in 1853, saw the house in its neglected and dilapidated state and wrote to her daughter of its condition. Both women thought it shameful to allow the first President's home to fall into ruin. A determined Ann Pamela Cunningham assembled twenty-two women of like mind together to raise money to purchase the property, pay off all debt, and return the gardens and grounds to the condition in which they were left by Washington himself. John Augustine Washington III, George Washington's great-grandnephew and the owner of Mount Vernon at the time, delayed several years in selling the home to the Ladies' Association. He preferred a sale to the State of Virginia or the federal government, both of which declined purchase. In 1858 he finally agreed to sell Mount Vernon to Ann Pamela Cunningham and the MVLA for $200,000. \nThe MVLA is the owner and executive board of Mount Vernon. Membership is made up of one Regent and 20-30 Vice Regents, each from a different state. All MVLA members assemble twice a year in April and October for Council, where they hear motions and reports concerning projects or issues at the estate. The Vice Regents also divide into committees focused on different functions and operations, and rotate members every few years. Today the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association is remembered as the first organization dedicated to historic preservation in the United States, and as innovators in the field of preservation. The Association remains loyal to its original goals, the restoration and care of Mount Vernon, and educating people all over the world about George Washington's life and legacy. Mount Vernon is open to visitors 365 days a year. The estate now consists of not only the Mansion and tomb of Washington, but restored gardens, outbuildings, Pioneer Farm, Gristmill, Distillery, museum and orientation center, the National Library for the Study of George Washington, gift shops, food pavilion, and the Mount Vernon Inn restaurant. \nList of Regents of the MVLA: \n•\tAnn Pamela Cunningham, 1853-1874 resigned 1874, died 1875\n•\tLily Macalester Berghmans Laughton, 1874-1891, died 1891\n•\tJustine Van Rensselaer Townsend, 1891-1909, died 1912\n•\tHarriet Clayton Comegys, 1909-1927, died 1927\n•\tAlice Haliburton King Richards, 1927-1936, died 1936\n•\tHarriet Cole Towner, 1937-1942, died 1942\n•\tMary Vilas Hanks, 1943-1948, died 1959\n•\tHope Hodgman Harkness (formerly Hope H. Powel), 1948-1958, died 1974\n•\tRosamond Harding Randall Beirne, 1958-1968, died 1968\n•\tElizabeth Throckmorton Cooke, 1968-1976, died 1993\n•\tFrances Claiborne Guy, Jr., 1976-1982\n•\tHelen Sharp Anderson, 1982-1986, died 2013\n•\tEugenia Ayer Merrill Seamans, Jr., 1986-1990, died 2010\n•\tMabel Alleyne Livingstone Bishop, 1990-1993, died 2007\n•\tLaura Vaughan Inge Morrissette, 1993-1996\n•\tJane Carew Lee, 1996-1999\n•\tEllen Carroll Walton, 1999-2004\n•\tGay Hart Gaines, 2004-2007\n•\tBoyce Lineberger Ansley, 2007-2010, died 2016\n•\tAnn Haunschild Bookout III, 2010-2013\n•\tBarbara Bourgeois Lucas II, 2013-2016\n•\tSarah Miller Coulson, 2016-\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union was founded in 1853 by Ann Pamela Cunningham. The purpose of the Association was to purchase Mount Vernon, the home of George Washington, in order to restore the property and open the grounds to visitors and admirers who desired to see Washington's house and tomb. Ann Pamela Cunningham became interested in the preservation of Mount Vernon when her mother, traveling down the Potomac River in 1853, saw the house in its neglected and dilapidated state and wrote to her daughter of its condition. Both women thought it shameful to allow the first President's home to fall into ruin. A determined Ann Pamela Cunningham assembled twenty-two women of like mind together to raise money to purchase the property, pay off all debt, and return the gardens and grounds to the condition in which they were left by Washington himself. John Augustine Washington III, George Washington's great-grandnephew and the owner of Mount Vernon at the time, delayed several years in selling the home to the Ladies' Association. He preferred a sale to the State of Virginia or the federal government, both of which declined purchase. In 1858 he finally agreed to sell Mount Vernon to Ann Pamela Cunningham and the MVLA for $200,000. \nThe MVLA is the owner and executive board of Mount Vernon. Membership is made up of one Regent and 20-30 Vice Regents, each from a different state. All MVLA members assemble twice a year in April and October for Council, where they hear motions and reports concerning projects or issues at the estate. The Vice Regents also divide into committees focused on different functions and operations, and rotate members every few years. Today the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association is remembered as the first organization dedicated to historic preservation in the United States, and as innovators in the field of preservation. The Association remains loyal to its original goals, the restoration and care of Mount Vernon, and educating people all over the world about George Washington's life and legacy. Mount Vernon is open to visitors 365 days a year. The estate now consists of not only the Mansion and tomb of Washington, but restored gardens, outbuildings, Pioneer Farm, Gristmill, Distillery, museum and orientation center, the National Library for the Study of George Washington, gift shops, food pavilion, and the Mount Vernon Inn restaurant. \nList of Regents of the MVLA: \n•\tAnn Pamela Cunningham, 1853-1874 resigned 1874, died 1875\n•\tLily Macalester Berghmans Laughton, 1874-1891, died 1891\n•\tJustine Van Rensselaer Townsend, 1891-1909, died 1912\n•\tHarriet Clayton Comegys, 1909-1927, died 1927\n•\tAlice Haliburton King Richards, 1927-1936, died 1936\n•\tHarriet Cole Towner, 1937-1942, died 1942\n•\tMary Vilas Hanks, 1943-1948, died 1959\n•\tHope Hodgman Harkness (formerly Hope H. Powel), 1948-1958, died 1974\n•\tRosamond Harding Randall Beirne, 1958-1968, died 1968\n•\tElizabeth Throckmorton Cooke, 1968-1976, died 1993\n•\tFrances Claiborne Guy, Jr., 1976-1982\n•\tHelen Sharp Anderson, 1982-1986, died 2013\n•\tEugenia Ayer Merrill Seamans, Jr., 1986-1990, died 2010\n•\tMabel Alleyne Livingstone Bishop, 1990-1993, died 2007\n•\tLaura Vaughan Inge Morrissette, 1993-1996\n•\tJane Carew Lee, 1996-1999\n•\tEllen Carroll Walton, 1999-2004\n•\tGay Hart Gaines, 2004-2007\n•\tBoyce Lineberger Ansley, 2007-2010, died 2016\n•\tAnn Haunschild Bookout III, 2010-2013\n•\tBarbara Bourgeois Lucas II, 2013-2016\n•\tSarah Miller Coulson, 2016-"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Name and date of item], Papers of the MVLA, [Series, Folder], Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, Fred W. Smith National Library for the Study of George Washington [hereafter Washington Library], Mount Vernon, Virginia \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee the Chicago Manual of Style for additional examples. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Name and date of item], Papers of the MVLA, [Series, Folder], Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, Fred W. Smith National Library for the Study of George Washington [hereafter Washington Library], Mount Vernon, Virginia","See the Chicago Manual of Style for additional examples."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMany of these files, especially from the earlier years of the MVLA, were previously arranged in filing cabinets in the old Mount Vernon Library in the basement of the Ann Pamela Cunningham Administration Building. When possible, the original order of these files and their file names were kept during arrangement and description in this finding aid. All series in this collection are currently open-ended and small accruals will be added from time to time. Series 6 is especially fluid, as single items are often added to a specific Vice Regent's folder (such as an obituary or retirement tribute).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Many of these files, especially from the earlier years of the MVLA, were previously arranged in filing cabinets in the old Mount Vernon Library in the basement of the Ann Pamela Cunningham Administration Building. When possible, the original order of these files and their file names were kept during arrangement and description in this finding aid. All series in this collection are currently open-ended and small accruals will be added from time to time. Series 6 is especially fluid, as single items are often added to a specific Vice Regent's folder (such as an obituary or retirement tribute)."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e- Publications of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\n- Early Records of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\n- Papers of the Superintendent and Resident Director, 1850-1996\n- Bound Volumes of the Superintendent's Letters, Diaries, and Monthly Reports\n- Papers of James Rees\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["- Publications of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\n- Early Records of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\n- Papers of the Superintendent and Resident Director, 1850-1996\n- Bound Volumes of the Superintendent's Letters, Diaries, and Monthly Reports\n- Papers of James Rees"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection documents the care and management of Mount Vernon through the work of the MVLA. Types of material include correspondence, reports, memos, notes, personal and biographical information, news clippings, meeting agendas, photographs, scrapbooks, and ephemera. Several highlights of the collection include the original minutes of Council meetings, scrapbooks and ledgers created by Vice Regents, and early correspondence with Regents and Vice Regents. While the library's collection \"Early Records of the MVLA\" documents the founding and early years of the organization, the Papers of the MVLA continues where that collection ended and preserves the ongoing story of these women and the fulfillment of their mission. Creators of the collection are largely the board members themselves, along with staff and employees who worked directly with them. Scope notes have been added before the content list of each series to better describe its specific provenance and content. The bulk of the collection dates from the 1950s to the 1990s, however there is a very wide range represented overall, 1858-2016.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection documents the care and management of Mount Vernon through the work of the MVLA. Types of material include correspondence, reports, memos, notes, personal and biographical information, news clippings, meeting agendas, photographs, scrapbooks, and ephemera. Several highlights of the collection include the original minutes of Council meetings, scrapbooks and ledgers created by Vice Regents, and early correspondence with Regents and Vice Regents. While the library's collection \"Early Records of the MVLA\" documents the founding and early years of the organization, the Papers of the MVLA continues where that collection ended and preserves the ongoing story of these women and the fulfillment of their mission. Creators of the collection are largely the board members themselves, along with staff and employees who worked directly with them. Scope notes have been added before the content list of each series to better describe its specific provenance and content. The bulk of the collection dates from the 1950s to the 1990s, however there is a very wide range represented overall, 1858-2016."],"corpname_ssim":["Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Black Women United for Action"],"persname_ssim":["Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","Townsend, Justine Van Rensselaer, 1828-1912","Comegys, Harriet Clayton, 1840-1927","Richards, Alice Haliburton King, 1860-1936","Towner, Harriet C. (Harriet Cole), 1869-1942","Hanks, Mary Esther Vilas, 1873-1959","Harkness, Hope Hodgman Powel, 1889-1974","Beirne, Rosamond Randall, 1894-1969","Cooke, Elizabeth Throckmorton, 1897-1993","Guy, Frances Claiborne, 1921-2016","Anderson, Helen Sharp, 1916-2013","Seamans, Eugenia Merrill, 1922-2010","Bishop, Mabel Livingstone, 1925-2007","Morrissette, Laura Vaughan Inge, 1933-","Lee, Jane Carew, 1931-2019","Walton, Ellen Carroll","Gaines, Gay Hart","Ansley, Boyce Lineberger, 1946-2016","Bookout, Ann Haunschild","Lucas, Barbara Bourgeois","Allison, Margaret Appleton","Berry, Violetta Lansdale, 1883-1971","Bolton, Mary Peters","Brown, Anne Crawford Allen, 1848-1936","Burdick, Alison Ward, 1912-2007","Carpenter, Harriet Isham, 1869-1948","Coolidge, Mary Abigail Parsons, 1878-1964","Cubbedge, Margaret Ellis, 1896-1985","Gammill, Lynn Crosby, 1936-","Hagner, Adlumia Sterrett, 1916-2007","Herbert, Leila","Holderness, Eunice Jackson, 1917-2007","Hollis, Margaret Belser, 1924-2015","Labouisse, Sally (Sarah Cameron), 1903-1985","Fisher, Robert B.","Morse, Frank","Neal, Anne D.","Platt, Page Anderson, 1899-1984","Dodge, Harrison Howell, 1852-1937","Rathbone, Elizabeth Adams, 1837-1923","Richardson, Melody Sawyer","Smith, Gene Smith","Strachan, Rose Forsyth, 1915-2000","Sullivan, Priscilla Manning, 1911-1994","Symmes, Harrison M., 1921-2010","Woodbury, Charlotte, 1873-1966","Todd, Frances Packette, 1901-1987","Tyler, Constance Ellen, 1911-1963","Wiener, Ellanore Brown","Abrahams, Meliora Hambleton","Alexander, Hope Powel, 1925-2019","Ames, Anne Carrington Dwight, 1849-1904","Anderson, Isabel Scott, 1899-1994","Anderson, Anne Page Wilder, 1873-1956","Andrews, Julia Johnston, 1846-1915","Armour, Mary Gooch, 1942-","Aurell, Jane Collins","Baker, Fannie Gilchrist, 1838-1901","Balfour, Emma Harrison Warren, 1818-1887","Ball, Emma R., 1838-1918","Barnes, Mary Fauntleroy, 1824-1912","Barret, Margaretta Mason Brown, 1839-1920","Barret, Rosa Robinson, 1881-1955","Barry, Elizabeth Willard, 1814-1883","Battle, Charlotte Timberlake","Bayard, Elizabeth du Pont, 1880-1975","Bennett, Jamie Armstrong, 1881-1963","Billups, Mary Govan, 1874-1971","Blackburn, Alpha Coles","Bockstoce, Elizabeth Roberts, 1918-1995","Bolton, Frances Payne Bingham, 1885-1977","Borthwick, Maribeth Armstrong","Bowlin, Ruth Price","Bradford, Helen MacKay, 1940-2004","Bradford, Mary Conover","Young , James","Broadwell, Elizabeth Lytle","Brockett, Marcella Powell Gibson","Brooks, Mary Cunningham Randolph, 1816-1882","Evarts, Mary, 1854-1928","Brown, Caroline Hinman Clement","Brown, Cynthia Pillow Saunders, 1810-1892","Buchanan, Frances Rogers","Bush, Margaret Gage","Butler, Sarah Duncan","Cabot, Nancy Graves, 1889-1969","Cain, Talbot deButts, 1941-2013","Call, Nancy Banning","Campbell, Virginia Kyle, 1822-1882","Carson, Dana Porter","Chapin, Betsy (Elizabeth M.)","Chesnut, Mary, 1775-1864","Chisholm, Katherine Crutcher, 1929-2016","Collins, Mary Call Darby, 1911-2009","Comegys, Margaret Douglass, 1816-1888","Conover, Helen Field, 1833-1914","Cox, Katherine Cabell Claiborne, 1854-1925","Crumpacker, Anne Finkbeiner (Elizabeth Anne Finkbeiner)","Danforth, Edwine Evans, 1863-1961","Davis, Florence Stumb","De Forest, Elizabeth Kellam","Denham, Mary Simkins, 1868-1950","Dewey, Ruth Harrington, 1918-2016","Dickinson, Alice London, 1814-1881","Dillon, Anna Price, 1835-1898","Du Pont, Elizabeth N.","Emory, Matilda Bache, 1819-1900","Eve, Philoclea Edgeworth Casey, 1813-1889","Failing, Mary Forbush, 1862-1947","Fauth, Geren Watson","Fitch, Harriet Satterlee","Fogg, Francis B., Mrs., 1800-1872","Foster, Victorine Du Pont, 1849-1934","Freeman, Margaret Walthall","Furness, Anna Ramsey, 1876-1964","Furness, Marion Ramsey, 1853-1935","Gilchrist, Gene Robin","Goldsborough, Eleanor Rogers, 1822-1906","Goodrich, Mary Boott, 1807-1868","Graham, Christine Blair, 1852-1915","Greenough, Louisa Ingersoll, 1813-1891","Guthrie, Beatrice Holden","Hagood, Derrill Maybank","Haldeman, Jane Norton, 1909-1984","Hale, Sarah King, 1798-1865","Halsted, Nancy Marsh, 1817-1891","Schuyler, Mary Morris Hamilton, 1818-1877","McAdoo, Mary Cheston (formerly Mary Hancock)","Hanks, Lorelai Jackson, 1929-2006","Harper, Emily L. (Emily Louisa), 1812-1892","Harrison, Hetty Cary, 1871-1943","Haskell, Mary Rushton, 1903-1971","Hearst, Phoebe Apperson, 1842-1919","Henke, Bonnie Creekmore (Mary Elizabeth)","Hill, Alice Hale, 1840-1908","Hitz, Elizabeth Holliday, 1894-1979","Holden, Polly Bullard, 1906-2004","Hollenberg, Josephine Heiskell Harrison (Deanie), 1915-2011","Hudson, Susan Edwards Johnson, 1825-1913","Hunt, Anne Lucas, 1796-1879","Huntress, Harriet Lane, 1860-1922","Sydnor, Ella Hutchins, 1844-1913","Irwin, Alice Dandridge, 1855-1916","Isham, Elizabeth Totten","Jeffrey, Rosa Vertner, 1828-1894","Jennings, Annie Burr, 1855-1939","Johnson, Sarah Smith, -1862","Johnston, Elizabeth Johnston Evans, 1851-1934","King, Annie Ragan, 1856-1933","Lamont, Elinor Miner, 1901-1972","Lane, Virginia Dawson","Laughton, Lily Macalester Berghmans, 1832-1891","Lawson, Priscilla Plumb","Leary, Eliza Ferry, 1851-1935","Leiter, Mary Theresa, 1844-1913","Le Vert, Octavia Walton, 1810-1877","Lewis, Annie Burr Auchincloss, 1902-1959","Livingood, Lily Foster","Lobb, Mary Montgomery, 1915-2005","Longfellow, Alice M. (Alice Mary), 1850-1928","Dana, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, 1881-1950","Lord, Bertha Dunlap, 1880-1956","Loughborough, Louise Wright, 1881-1962","Lyle, Margaret Vilas","Mars, Adrienne Bevis","Terrell, Mary Maverick, 1851-1891","Maxey, Mary Frances Campbell","McIlvain, Janet Hattan","McWillie, Catherine Anderson, 1812-1873","Mercer, Martha Dana, 1872-1960","Mitchell, Martha Reed, 1818-1902","Moore, Lisa Rosenberger","Moore, Susan Rutledge, 1906-1987","Morse, Margaretta Wederstrandt, 1816-1893","Murat, Catherine Willis, 1803-1867","Nagel, Anne Shepley","Nalty, Elizabeth Shaw","Neal, Georgianne Davis","Neill, Nancy","Newman, Eleanor Tarrant, 1934-2017","Ogden, Phebe Ann, 1790-1865","Olander, Eileen Maloney","Pack, Phoebe Finley, 1907-2000","Parker, Eleanor Carroll Lyster, 1871-1924","Pendleton, Mary Alicia Key, 1824-1886","Pepper, Rebecca Willing, 1882-1955","Perrie, Alice Johnson","Peterkin, Constance Lee, 1872-1948","Pfaelzer, Marianne Henry","Pickens, Lucy Petaway Holcombe","Pirtle, Mary Hall, 1922-2012","Pope, Nancy Lucas Turner, 1870-1950","Porcher, Virginia Leigh, 1866-1940","Pringle, Elizabeth W. Allston (Elizabeth Waties Allston), 1845-1921","Richardson, Ida Ann Slocomb, 1830-1910","Ricks, Fanny Jones, 1852-1918","Riggs, Janet Shedden, 1815-1871","Ritchie, Anna Cora Mowatt, 1819-1870","Rogers, Frances Dennis","Sargent, Helen Louise","Schuyler, Harriet Lowndes Langdon, 1838-1915","Scott, Caroline Drennen, 1827-1910","Scott, Mary Mason, 1867-1934","Seaman, Eleanor Remick","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994","Bush, George, 1924-2018","Bush, Barbara, 1925-2018","Semple, Cynthia Taylor","Shelton, Clara Francis (died 1936)","Shields, Jeanne Otis","Shipp, Margaret Busbee, 1871-1936","Sibley, Sarah Steele, 1823-1869","Simplot, Adelia Garro","Streeter, Lucille Anderson","Sweat, Margaret J.M. (Margaret Jane Mussey), 1823-1908","Taliaferro, Lucy Ramsay, 1871-1953","Tarr, Irene Haley, 1898-1988","Thayer, Pauline Revere, 1862-1934","Thom, Mary Keyser Stewart, 1874-1963","Townsend, Amy Cornell","Troup, Elsie De Cou","Van Antwerp, Jane Yates, 1815-1870","Van Deventer, Mary Finley","Vaughan, Margaret Driggs, 1917-2003","Walcott, Mary Newcomer","Walker, Letitia Morehead, 1823-1908","Ward, Jennie Meeker (Sarah Jane), 1833-1910","Warren, Romayne Latta, 1877-1968","Washington, Ella Bassett, 1834-1898","Webber, Barbara Chase","Weller, Lucy Ireland","West, Ann Wick, 1930-2020","West, Constance F.","Wheeler, Lillian Marsh, 1863-1952","Wick, Ann Dugdale","Wilder, Caryl Casselberry, 1923-2005","Wilder, Georgia King Smith, 1833-1914","Williams, Priscilla de Forest","Winder, Abbie Rice Goodwin, 1829-1906","Woodward, Eliza Brand Macalester, 1811-1897","Yulee, Nancy Wickliffe, 1822-1885","Coulson, Sarah Miller","Mauran, Elizabeth Rollins","Sahin, Andrea Notman","Scott, Ann Cady","Amundsen, Claudia Puig","Grant, Judith Wilson","Holdsworth, Elizabeth Lawson Whitesides","Reeder, Susan Stevens","Sherrill, Jean Armfield","West, Gail Berry, 1942-","Ford, Gerald R., 1913-2006","Giscard d'Estaing, Valéry, 1926-2020","Bush, Laura Welch, 1946-","Meadows, Christine, 1932-2013","Cunningham, Ann Pamela, 1816-1875","Bush, George W. (George Walker), 1946-","Carter, Rosalynn","Swann, Don, 1889-1954","Pickup, Ernest A. (Ernest Alexander), 1887-1970"],"names_ssim":["Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Black Women United for Action","Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","Townsend, Justine Van Rensselaer, 1828-1912","Comegys, Harriet Clayton, 1840-1927","Richards, Alice Haliburton King, 1860-1936","Towner, Harriet C. 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