{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1913\u0026facet.page=2\u0026page=2011","prev":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1913\u0026facet.page=2\u0026page=2010","next":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1913\u0026facet.page=2\u0026page=2012","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1913\u0026facet.page=2\u0026page=2034"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":2011,"next_page":2012,"prev_page":2010,"total_pages":2034,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":20100,"total_count":20331,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1984","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Winfree-McIlwaine Family Papers, 1875/1934, bulk 1880/1890","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_1984#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Winfree family","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_1984#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eContains letters, photographs, and other material related to the Winfree and McIlwaine families of Petersburg, Virginia. 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Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Photos, letters, a diary, an account book, and an album belonging to members of the Wingfield-Britton family. The collection ranges from pre-civil war to the 1980s, with the bulk of the material dated around the early 1900s. 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The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWingfield-Britton family papers, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026amp; Mary Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Wingfield-Britton family papers, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026 Mary Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePhotos, letters, a diary, an account book, and an album belonging to members of the Wingfield-Britton family. The collection ranges from pre-civil war to the 1980s, with the bulk of the material dated around the early 1900s. 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The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"date_range_isim":[1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#0/components#8/components#2","timestamp":"2026-08-14T23:05:56.987Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9853","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9853","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9853","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9853","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_9853.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Richard Wright collection","title_ssm":["Richard Wright collection"],"title_tesim":["Richard Wright collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1806-2017"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1806-2017"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1806/2017"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Richard Wright collection, 1806/2017"],"text":["Richard Wright collection, 1806/2017","MS 00317","/repositories/2/resources/9853","Comic books, strips, etc","African Americans--Caricatures and cartoons","Racism in popular culture","Drawings (visual works)","Motion pictures (visual work)","Sheet music","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","This collection is arranged into nine series: Research files, Collecting records, Minstrel shows, Scrapbooks and portfolios, Original artwork, Print and poster reproductions, Newspapers, Printed materials, and Audiovisual materials.","Published books and comics can be found in our Rare Books collection.","Richard Wright (1946-2019) grew up in New York and attended college at Bradley University in Peoria, IL on an academic scholarship. He originally planned to study chemistry but graduated with a Bachelor of Political Science instead.","Wright moved to Stamford, Connecticut, where he met and married Minister Deborah V. P. Wright (1953-2012). They had three children together: Aaron Person, Joslynn S. Hamlet, and Porchia M. W. Smith.","Wright spent the bulk of his career working as a court officer in the social services Department of Child Support in Connecticut until his retirement in 2013. He then moved to Williamsburg, Virgina, where he lived until his passing in 2019.","He was an active member of Faith Tabernacle Missionary Baptist Church in Stamford, Connecticut. He served as a member of the trustee board, and sang in the Male Chorus and Inspirational Choir. Upon relocating to Williamsburg, VA, he joined Colossian Baptist Church in Newport News, and once again served as a choir member.","Outside of the church, Wright also served as the president of the Stamford Chapter of the NAACP, was a member of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity Inc., and worked as a volunteer and mentor for a substance abuse rehabilitation program called Liberation House.","While living in Stamford, Wright began collecting Black comic books in 1986 because \"he wanted to have a hobby.\" His collection eventually grew beyond comics to include books, art works, photographs, and audio visual materials on the same topic. He saw the images that he collected over the years as a way to better tell the story of the depiction of Black Americans in visual media. In 2019, Wright donated his collection to William \u0026 Mary so that it might be \"a helpful resource to students\" in the future.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","Comic book volumes and other published materials included with this collection have been transfered to Rare Books and cataloged individually.","The Richard Wright collection, compiled by Richard Wright and orginally referred to by Wright as \"The Richard Wright collection of Graphic Images of African Americans,\" focuses on the evolution of the Black American image in print media, cartoons and comics. Wright organized his own historical timeline titled \"Good Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics,\" also referred to as \"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics,\" in a series of binders with artist biographies and time period summaries. 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The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into nine series: Research files, Collecting records, Minstrel shows, Scrapbooks and portfolios, Original artwork, Print and poster reproductions, Newspapers, Printed materials, and Audiovisual materials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePublished books and comics can be found in our Rare Books collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into nine series: Research files, Collecting records, Minstrel shows, Scrapbooks and portfolios, Original artwork, Print and poster reproductions, Newspapers, Printed materials, and Audiovisual materials.","Published books and comics can be found in our Rare Books collection."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRichard Wright (1946-2019) grew up in New York and attended college at Bradley University in Peoria, IL on an academic scholarship. He originally planned to study chemistry but graduated with a Bachelor of Political Science instead. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nWright moved to Stamford, Connecticut, where he met and married Minister Deborah V. P. Wright (1953-2012). They had three children together: Aaron Person, Joslynn S. Hamlet, and Porchia M. W. Smith.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nWright spent the bulk of his career working as a court officer in the social services Department of Child Support in Connecticut until his retirement in 2013. He then moved to Williamsburg, Virgina, where he lived until his passing in 2019.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nHe was an active member of Faith Tabernacle Missionary Baptist Church in Stamford, Connecticut. He served as a member of the trustee board, and sang in the Male Chorus and Inspirational Choir. Upon relocating to Williamsburg, VA, he joined Colossian Baptist Church in Newport News, and once again served as a choir member. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nOutside of the church, Wright also served as the president of the Stamford Chapter of the NAACP, was a member of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity Inc., and worked as a volunteer and mentor for a substance abuse rehabilitation program called Liberation House.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nWhile living in Stamford, Wright began collecting Black comic books in 1986 because \"he wanted to have a hobby.\" His collection eventually grew beyond comics to include books, art works, photographs, and audio visual materials on the same topic. He saw the images that he collected over the years as a way to better tell the story of the depiction of Black Americans in visual media. In 2019, Wright donated his collection to William \u0026amp; Mary so that it might be \"a helpful resource to students\" in the future.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Richard Wright (1946-2019) grew up in New York and attended college at Bradley University in Peoria, IL on an academic scholarship. He originally planned to study chemistry but graduated with a Bachelor of Political Science instead.","Wright moved to Stamford, Connecticut, where he met and married Minister Deborah V. P. Wright (1953-2012). They had three children together: Aaron Person, Joslynn S. Hamlet, and Porchia M. W. Smith.","Wright spent the bulk of his career working as a court officer in the social services Department of Child Support in Connecticut until his retirement in 2013. He then moved to Williamsburg, Virgina, where he lived until his passing in 2019.","He was an active member of Faith Tabernacle Missionary Baptist Church in Stamford, Connecticut. He served as a member of the trustee board, and sang in the Male Chorus and Inspirational Choir. Upon relocating to Williamsburg, VA, he joined Colossian Baptist Church in Newport News, and once again served as a choir member.","Outside of the church, Wright also served as the president of the Stamford Chapter of the NAACP, was a member of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity Inc., and worked as a volunteer and mentor for a substance abuse rehabilitation program called Liberation House.","While living in Stamford, Wright began collecting Black comic books in 1986 because \"he wanted to have a hobby.\" His collection eventually grew beyond comics to include books, art works, photographs, and audio visual materials on the same topic. He saw the images that he collected over the years as a way to better tell the story of the depiction of Black Americans in visual media. In 2019, Wright donated his collection to William \u0026 Mary so that it might be \"a helpful resource to students\" in the future."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRichard Wright collection, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026amp; Mary Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Richard Wright collection, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026 Mary Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eComic book volumes and other published materials included with this collection have been transfered to Rare Books and cataloged individually.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Comic book volumes and other published materials included with this collection have been transfered to Rare Books and cataloged individually."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Richard Wright collection, compiled by Richard Wright and orginally referred to by Wright as \"The Richard Wright collection of Graphic Images of African Americans,\" focuses on the evolution of the Black American image in print media, cartoons and comics. Wright organized his own historical timeline titled \"Good Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics,\" also referred to as \"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics,\" in a series of binders with artist biographies and time period summaries. Item titles have been retained from the original labels.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials in this collection include: books, comic books, magazines, prints, reference books, slides, photographs, CDs, DVDs, sheet music, newspaper strips, lithographs, and artwork. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Richard Wright collection, compiled by Richard Wright and orginally referred to by Wright as \"The Richard Wright collection of Graphic Images of African Americans,\" focuses on the evolution of the Black American image in print media, cartoons and comics. Wright organized his own historical timeline titled \"Good Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics,\" also referred to as \"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics,\" in a series of binders with artist biographies and time period summaries. Item titles have been retained from the original labels.","Materials in this collection include: books, comic books, magazines, prints, reference books, slides, photographs, CDs, DVDs, sheet music, newspaper strips, lithographs, and artwork."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":987,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T23:05:56.987Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9853_c01_c01_c09_c03"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1489_c01_c03","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Winston Dickinson Correspondence, 1905/1916","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1489_c01_c03#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1489_c01_c03","ref_ssm":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1489_c01_c03"],"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1489_c01_c03","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1489","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1489","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1489_c01","parent_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1489_c01","parent_ssim":["Lucy Dickinson Urquhart Papers, 1865/1973","Series I: Correspondence, 1865/1958"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1489","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1489_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"Winston Dickinson Correspondence","title_ssm":["Winston Dickinson Correspondence"],"title_tesim":["Winston Dickinson Correspondence"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Winston Dickinson Correspondence, 1905/1916"],"text":["Winston Dickinson Correspondence, 1905/1916","Lucy Dickinson Urquhart Papers, 1865/1973","Series I: Correspondence, 1865/1958","box 1","folder 3"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Lucy Dickinson Urquhart Papers, 1865/1973","Series I: Correspondence, 1865/1958"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Lucy Dickinson Urquhart Papers, 1865/1973","Series I: Correspondence, 1865/1958"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1905/1916"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1905-1916"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":4,"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"collection_ssim":["Lucy Dickinson Urquhart Papers, 1865/1973"],"containers_ssim":["box 1","folder 3"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"date_range_isim":[1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#2","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:29:47.882Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1489","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1489","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1489","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1489","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1489.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Urquhart, Lucy Dickinson, Papers","title_ssm":["Lucy Dickinson Urquhart Papers"],"title_tesim":["Lucy Dickinson Urquhart Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1865-1973"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1865-1973"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1865/1973"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Lucy Dickinson Urquhart Papers, 1865/1973"],"text":["Lucy Dickinson Urquhart Papers, 1865/1973","Ms.1987.046","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Women -- History","The collection is open for research.","The collection has been digitized and is available online.","The collection is arranged into two series:","Series I: Correspondence, 1865-1958, contains letters to and from Lucy Urquhart. Where possible, correspondence is organized by author and date. The last folder in the series is made up of correspondence from multiple authors. Much of it is condolence letters regarding the death of Lucy Urquhart's parents, but the file also includes correspondence that could not be otherwise identified.","Series II: Subject Files, 1876-1973, includes remainder of the collection and is arranged in subject files. Material within each file is in chronological order. The series also includes oversize materials.","Lucy Dickinson Urquhart was born in 1881 in Marion, Virginia, to Dr. Smelt W. and Sarah Isabel Look Dickinson. She attended Virginia Intermont College, Vassar College, and Columbia University's Teacher College. She worked as an advertising copywriter in Lynchburg, Virginia, and was also heavily involved in the Smyth County Historical Society and the Marion Baptist Church. She married George D. Urquhart, and they had no children. She died in Roanoke on January 27, 1975.","The guide to the Lucy Dickinson Urquhart Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/).","The description of the Lucy Dickinson Urquhart Papers was completed in 1987. Additional processing, arrangement, and description was completed in February 2011.","See the following related materials, which are also at Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives:","Lucy Dickinson Correspondence, Ms1988-014","Dickinson Family Papers, Ms1989-094","The Lucy Dickinson Urquhart Papers, 1865-1973, contain correspondence, newspaper clippings, and poetry and advertisements by Lucy Dickinson Urquhart. The collection also includes correspondence, papers, and other materials related to her family.","Various family announcements, including wedding invitations and funeral service programs from family members are present. Stories, poetry, and advertisements by Urquhart are also in the collection. Many of Urquhart's stories depict life in the South and are written in a Southern dialect. Beyond her and her family's papers, other notes on the Baptist Church, the Smyth County Museum, and Norfolk and Western information from the 1917 War Revenue Act are in the collection.","Of special note, the collection contains a letter from K. D. Urquhart dated from the American Civil War asking for command of an all Black regiment. There are comments, supposedly written by Lucy Urquhart, on the bottom suggesting the letter is a fake, as the name is spelled incorrectly. There is also correspondence between Lucy Urquhart and Time and Life Magazine in New York City surrounding the coverage of African Americans in Southern newspapers in the wake of Emmett Till's murder. Furthermore, a few published materials, including a 1911 VPI Student Handbook and a 1912 Spalding Catalogue are part of the collection.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The Lucy Dickinson Urquhart Papers, 1865-1973, contain correspondence, newspaper clippings, and poetry and advertisements by Lucy Dickinson Urquhart (1881-1975), an advertising copywriter and local historian in Virginia. The collection also includes correspondence, papers, and other materials related to her family.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Dickinson family","Urquhart, Lucy Dickinson, 1881-1975","The materials in the collection are in English."],"collection_title_tesim":["Lucy Dickinson Urquhart Papers, 1865/1973"],"collection_ssim":["Lucy Dickinson Urquhart Papers, 1865/1973"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1987.046"],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1987.046"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Urquhart, Lucy Dickinson, 1881-1975"],"creator_ssim":["Urquhart, Lucy Dickinson, 1881-1975"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Urquhart, Lucy Dickinson, 1881-1975"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Dickinson family"],"creators_ssim":["Urquhart, Lucy Dickinson, 1881-1975","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Dickinson family"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Lucy Dickinson Urquhart Papers were donated to Special Collections in 1987."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Women -- History"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Women -- History"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.9 Cubic Feet 2 boxes, 2 oversize folders"],"extent_tesim":["0.9 Cubic Feet 2 boxes, 2 oversize folders"],"date_range_isim":[1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/Ms1987-046\"\u003eThe collection has been digitized and is available online.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["The collection has been digitized and is available online."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into two series:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries I: Correspondence, 1865-1958, contains letters to and from Lucy Urquhart. Where possible, correspondence is organized by author and date. The last folder in the series is made up of correspondence from multiple authors. Much of it is condolence letters regarding the death of Lucy Urquhart's parents, but the file also includes correspondence that could not be otherwise identified.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries II: Subject Files, 1876-1973, includes remainder of the collection and is arranged in subject files. Material within each file is in chronological order. The series also includes oversize materials.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into two series:","Series I: Correspondence, 1865-1958, contains letters to and from Lucy Urquhart. Where possible, correspondence is organized by author and date. The last folder in the series is made up of correspondence from multiple authors. Much of it is condolence letters regarding the death of Lucy Urquhart's parents, but the file also includes correspondence that could not be otherwise identified.","Series II: Subject Files, 1876-1973, includes remainder of the collection and is arranged in subject files. Material within each file is in chronological order. The series also includes oversize materials."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLucy Dickinson Urquhart was born in 1881 in Marion, Virginia, to Dr. Smelt W. and Sarah Isabel Look Dickinson. She attended Virginia Intermont College, Vassar College, and Columbia University's Teacher College. She worked as an advertising copywriter in Lynchburg, Virginia, and was also heavily involved in the Smyth County Historical Society and the Marion Baptist Church. She married George D. Urquhart, and they had no children. She died in Roanoke on January 27, 1975.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Lucy Dickinson Urquhart was born in 1881 in Marion, Virginia, to Dr. Smelt W. and Sarah Isabel Look Dickinson. She attended Virginia Intermont College, Vassar College, and Columbia University's Teacher College. She worked as an advertising copywriter in Lynchburg, Virginia, and was also heavily involved in the Smyth County Historical Society and the Marion Baptist Church. She married George D. Urquhart, and they had no children. She died in Roanoke on January 27, 1975."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Lucy Dickinson Urquhart Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Lucy Dickinson Urquhart Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Lucy Dickinson Urquhart Papers, 1865-1973, Ms1987-046, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Lucy Dickinson Urquhart Papers, 1865-1973, Ms1987-046, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe description of the Lucy Dickinson Urquhart Papers was completed in 1987. Additional processing, arrangement, and description was completed in February 2011.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The description of the Lucy Dickinson Urquhart Papers was completed in 1987. Additional processing, arrangement, and description was completed in February 2011."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee the following related materials, which are also at Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1521.xml\"\u003eLucy Dickinson Correspondence, Ms1988-014\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1719.xml\"\u003eDickinson Family Papers, Ms1989-094\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Archival Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See the following related materials, which are also at Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives:","Lucy Dickinson Correspondence, Ms1988-014","Dickinson Family Papers, Ms1989-094"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Lucy Dickinson Urquhart Papers, 1865-1973, contain correspondence, newspaper clippings, and poetry and advertisements by Lucy Dickinson Urquhart. The collection also includes correspondence, papers, and other materials related to her family. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVarious family announcements, including wedding invitations and funeral service programs from family members are present. Stories, poetry, and advertisements by Urquhart are also in the collection. Many of Urquhart's stories depict life in the South and are written in a Southern dialect. Beyond her and her family's papers, other notes on the Baptist Church, the Smyth County Museum, and Norfolk and Western information from the 1917 War Revenue Act are in the collection. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOf special note, the collection contains a letter from K. D. Urquhart dated from the American Civil War asking for command of an all Black regiment. There are comments, supposedly written by Lucy Urquhart, on the bottom suggesting the letter is a fake, as the name is spelled incorrectly. There is also correspondence between Lucy Urquhart and \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eTime and Life Magazine\u003c/emph\u003e in New York City surrounding the coverage of African Americans in Southern newspapers in the wake of Emmett Till's murder. Furthermore, a few published materials, including a 1911 VPI Student Handbook and a 1912 Spalding Catalogue are part of the collection. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Lucy Dickinson Urquhart Papers, 1865-1973, contain correspondence, newspaper clippings, and poetry and advertisements by Lucy Dickinson Urquhart. The collection also includes correspondence, papers, and other materials related to her family.","Various family announcements, including wedding invitations and funeral service programs from family members are present. Stories, poetry, and advertisements by Urquhart are also in the collection. Many of Urquhart's stories depict life in the South and are written in a Southern dialect. Beyond her and her family's papers, other notes on the Baptist Church, the Smyth County Museum, and Norfolk and Western information from the 1917 War Revenue Act are in the collection.","Of special note, the collection contains a letter from K. D. Urquhart dated from the American Civil War asking for command of an all Black regiment. There are comments, supposedly written by Lucy Urquhart, on the bottom suggesting the letter is a fake, as the name is spelled incorrectly. There is also correspondence between Lucy Urquhart and Time and Life Magazine in New York City surrounding the coverage of African Americans in Southern newspapers in the wake of Emmett Till's murder. Furthermore, a few published materials, including a 1911 VPI Student Handbook and a 1912 Spalding Catalogue are part of the collection."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (\u003ca href=\"mailto:specref@vt.edu\"\u003especref@vt.edu\u003c/a\u003e or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_0fc5b72257c56e0de479a539c0728db1\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Lucy Dickinson Urquhart Papers, 1865-1973, contain correspondence, newspaper clippings, and poetry and advertisements by Lucy Dickinson Urquhart (1881-1975), an advertising copywriter and local historian in Virginia. The collection also includes correspondence, papers, and other materials related to her family.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Lucy Dickinson Urquhart Papers, 1865-1973, contain correspondence, newspaper clippings, and poetry and advertisements by Lucy Dickinson Urquhart (1881-1975), an advertising copywriter and local historian in Virginia. The collection also includes correspondence, papers, and other materials related to her family."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"famname_ssim":["Dickinson family"],"names_coll_ssim":["Dickinson family"],"persname_ssim":["Urquhart, Lucy Dickinson, 1881-1975"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Dickinson family","Urquhart, Lucy Dickinson, 1881-1975"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":24,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:29:47.882Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1489_c01_c03"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4469_c01","type":"Box","attributes":{"title":"Winter's college notes on philosophy and logic, experimental psychology, educational psychology, etc.; speeches, essays, book drafts, and typescripts; student book reports, 1906/1958","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4469_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4469_c01","ref_ssm":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4469_c01"],"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4469_c01","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4469","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4469","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4469","parent_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4469","parent_ssim":["John E. Winter Papers, 1906/1958"],"parent_ids_ssim":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4469"],"title_filing_ssi":"Winter's college notes on philosophy and logic, experimental psychology, educational psychology, etc.; speeches, essays, book drafts, and typescripts; student book reports","title_ssm":["Winter's college notes on philosophy and logic, experimental psychology, educational psychology, etc.; speeches, essays, book drafts, and typescripts; student book reports"],"title_tesim":["Winter's college notes on philosophy and logic, experimental psychology, educational psychology, etc.; speeches, essays, book drafts, and typescripts; student book reports"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Winter's college notes on philosophy and logic, experimental psychology, educational psychology, etc.; speeches, essays, book drafts, and typescripts; student book reports, 1906/1958"],"text":["Winter's college notes on philosophy and logic, experimental psychology, educational psychology, etc.; speeches, essays, book drafts, and typescripts; student book reports, 1906/1958","John E. 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For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","West Virginia University. Department of Psychology","Winter, John E.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["John E. Winter Papers, 1906/1958"],"collection_ssim":["John E. 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For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","West Virginia University. Department of Psychology","Winter, John E.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["John E. Winter Papers, 1906/1958"],"collection_ssim":["John E. 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(See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"date_range_isim":[1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#0/components#6","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:34:53.150Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_505","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_505","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_505","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_505","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_505.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Phil Teigen North American churches postcard collection","title_ssm":["Phil Teigen North American churches postcard collection"],"title_tesim":["Phil Teigen North American churches postcard collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1904-2010"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1904-2010"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1904/2010"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Phil Teigen North American churches postcard collection, 1904/2010"],"text":["Phil Teigen North American churches postcard collection, 1904/2010","C0317","/repositories/2/resources/505","Catholic church buildings","Church buildings","Lutheran church buildings","Anglican church buildings","Postcards","Correspondence","There are no access restrictions.","The collection is organized into five series by denomination and then chronologially.","Series 1: Lutheran churches\n      Series 2: Roman Catholic churches\n      Series 3: Episcopal churches\n      Series 4: Other denominations\n      Series 5: Additional postcards","\"MS 0960 - Philip Teigen Papers.\" 2024. DC History Center. 2024. https://dchistory.catalogaccess.com/archives/109847.","Williams, Peter W. Houses of God: Region, Religion, and Architecture in the United States. Urbana/Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1997.","Philip M. Teigen (b. 1941) is a trained historian of science and medicine, having received his Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin-Madison in 1976, and spent his professional life working as a historian at McGill University in Montréal, Canada and the National Library of Medicine in Bethesda, Maryland. Additionally, he completed many projects surrounding the history of religious congregations, primarily Lutheran, in both Washington, D.C. and throughout North America, including identifying and researching the history of thirty-three Lutheran congregations in the District and photographing forty-fifty buildings that represent current or past Lutheran congregations.","Immigrants from Europe and Asia brought a wide variety of Christian beliefs to North America. As Peter Williams notes, \"The pluralism of America's religious experience is a given from the beginnings, first for the colonial settlements in aggregate, then later in virtually every town, city, and state\" (\"Houses of God\", xii). He goes on to describe how these many religious groups impacted the built environment as they came \"in succeeding waves of immigration, each bringing with them and/or adapting for their own purposes a wide variety of types of houses of worship and other sacred sites and structures\" (\"Houses of God,\" xii). This diversity of religious architecture is reflected in material commemorative culture, including through postcards.","Processing completed by Elizabeth Beckman in October 2018. EAD markup completed by Elizabeth Beckman in October 2018. Additional processing completed and finding aid updated by Meghan Glasbrenner from April-May 2025.","The Special Collections Research Center holds other postcard collections, including the Gustav Klemp World War I collection, Randolph Lytton historic Washington, D.C. postcards and photographs collection, and Lavinia Scott papers.","The DC History Center holds the Philip Teigen papers, which includes Teigen's decade-long research on the Lutheran churches of Washington, D.C., along with original photographs of local Lutheran churches.","This collection contains postcards from churches of many denominations across the United States and Canada. The postcards date from 1904-2010, although many are undated. The processor included undated in the date range for a series or box if it seemed likely that some of the postcards in the group date from outside the given range. More than half of the postcards depict Lutheran churches; there are also many postcards of Roman Catholic churches and Episcopal churches, as well as other Christian denominations. Many of the postcards contained mailed correspondence on the back from a mix of senders and recipients, but the number and location of these has not been noted in the finding aid. The postcards are organized by denomination and alphabetically by state (sometimes city), as well as whether they depict church interiors or exteriors. The collections contains five series.","Series 1: Lutheran churches, 1904-2010 (Boxes 1-7) includes postcards of Lutheran churches from the United States and Canada. It is divided into two subseries. Sub-series 1: Lutheran church exteriors and Sub-series 2: Lutheran church interiors.","Series 2: Roman Catholic churches, 1907-1995 (Boxes 8-10) includes postcards of Roman Catholic churches across the United States and Canada.","Series 3: Episcopal churches, 1908-1983, undated (Boxes 10-11) includes postcards of Episcopal churches across the United States and Canada.","Series 4: Other denominations, 1908-2000 (Boxes 11-12) is the smallest series, and includes postcards of a variety of churches, including Methodist, Presbyterian, Baptist, Orthodox, and other denominations, as well as non-denominational.","Series 5: Additional postcards, circa 1910s-2000s (Box 13) includes additional postcards donated in 2019. Dates for postcards in this series were determined based on stamps where possible and were otherwise estimated based on style and design. It is divided into four subseries. Sub-series 1: Additional Lutheran churches (circa 1910s-2000s) includes postcards depicting both exterior and interior images of Lutheran churches. Postcards are arranged by size and then alphabetically by state, with oversized items at the end. One postcard depicts a church in Ontario, Canada which has been placed at the end of the state arrangement before the oversized. Sub-series 2: Additional Roman Catholic churches (circa 1950s-2000s) includes postcards depicting both exterior and interior images of Roman Catholic churches. Postcards are arranged by size and then alphabetically by state, with oversized items at the end. Sub-series 3: Additional Episcopal churches (circa 1950s-1980s) includes postcards depicting both exterior and interior images of Episcopal churches. Postcards are arranged alphabetically by state. Sub-series 4: Additional other denominations (circa 1950s-1990s) includes postcards depicting both exterior and interior images of churches for a variety of other denominations and uses. Postcards are arranged alphabetically by use or denomination and then alphabetically by state.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated. (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","This collection contains postcards of churches of many Christian denominations from the United States and Canada.","R 54, C 3, S 3-4\n\nR 54, C 4, S 3","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Teigen, Philip M.","English\n      Swedish"],"collection_title_tesim":["Phil Teigen North American churches postcard collection, 1904/2010"],"collection_ssim":["Phil Teigen North American churches postcard collection, 1904/2010"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0317","/repositories/2/resources/505"],"unitid_tesim":["C0317","/repositories/2/resources/505"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["Teigen, Philip M."],"creator_ssim":["Teigen, Philip M."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Teigen, Philip M."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Teigen, Philip M.","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated. (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Phil Teigen in September 2018.","Additional materials donated by Phil Teigen in July 2019."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Catholic church buildings","Church buildings","Lutheran church buildings","Anglican church buildings","Postcards","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Catholic church buildings","Church buildings","Lutheran church buildings","Anglican church buildings","Postcards","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["4.5 Linear Feet 13 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["4.5 Linear Feet 13 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Postcards","Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into five series by denomination and then chronologially.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Lutheran churches\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Roman Catholic churches\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: Episcopal churches\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 4: Other denominations\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 5: Additional postcards\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into five series by denomination and then chronologially.","Series 1: Lutheran churches\n      Series 2: Roman Catholic churches\n      Series 3: Episcopal churches\n      Series 4: Other denominations\n      Series 5: Additional postcards"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\"MS 0960 - Philip Teigen Papers.\" 2024. DC History Center. 2024. https://dchistory.catalogaccess.com/archives/109847.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliams, Peter W. \u003ctitle\u003eHouses of God: Region, Religion, and Architecture in the United States\u003c/title\u003e. Urbana/Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1997.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["\"MS 0960 - Philip Teigen Papers.\" 2024. DC History Center. 2024. https://dchistory.catalogaccess.com/archives/109847.","Williams, Peter W. Houses of God: Region, Religion, and Architecture in the United States. Urbana/Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1997."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePhilip M. Teigen (b. 1941) is a trained historian of science and medicine, having received his Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin-Madison in 1976, and spent his professional life working as a historian at McGill University in Montréal, Canada and the National Library of Medicine in Bethesda, Maryland. Additionally, he completed many projects surrounding the history of religious congregations, primarily Lutheran, in both Washington, D.C. and throughout North America, including identifying and researching the history of thirty-three Lutheran congregations in the District and photographing forty-fifty buildings that represent current or past Lutheran congregations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eImmigrants from Europe and Asia brought a wide variety of Christian beliefs to North America. As Peter Williams notes, \"The pluralism of America's religious experience is a given from the beginnings, first for the colonial settlements in aggregate, then later in virtually every town, city, and state\" (\"Houses of God\", xii). He goes on to describe how these many religious groups impacted the built environment as they came \"in succeeding waves of immigration, each bringing with them and/or adapting for their own purposes a wide variety of types of houses of worship and other sacred sites and structures\" (\"Houses of God,\" xii). This diversity of religious architecture is reflected in material commemorative culture, including through postcards.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical and Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Philip M. Teigen (b. 1941) is a trained historian of science and medicine, having received his Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin-Madison in 1976, and spent his professional life working as a historian at McGill University in Montréal, Canada and the National Library of Medicine in Bethesda, Maryland. Additionally, he completed many projects surrounding the history of religious congregations, primarily Lutheran, in both Washington, D.C. and throughout North America, including identifying and researching the history of thirty-three Lutheran congregations in the District and photographing forty-fifty buildings that represent current or past Lutheran congregations.","Immigrants from Europe and Asia brought a wide variety of Christian beliefs to North America. As Peter Williams notes, \"The pluralism of America's religious experience is a given from the beginnings, first for the colonial settlements in aggregate, then later in virtually every town, city, and state\" (\"Houses of God\", xii). He goes on to describe how these many religious groups impacted the built environment as they came \"in succeeding waves of immigration, each bringing with them and/or adapting for their own purposes a wide variety of types of houses of worship and other sacred sites and structures\" (\"Houses of God,\" xii). This diversity of religious architecture is reflected in material commemorative culture, including through postcards."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePhil Teigen North American churches postcard collection, C0317, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Phil Teigen North American churches postcard collection, C0317, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Elizabeth Beckman in October 2018. EAD markup completed by Elizabeth Beckman in October 2018. Additional processing completed and finding aid updated by Meghan Glasbrenner from April-May 2025.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing completed by Elizabeth Beckman in October 2018. EAD markup completed by Elizabeth Beckman in October 2018. Additional processing completed and finding aid updated by Meghan Glasbrenner from April-May 2025."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center holds other postcard collections, including the \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0250\"\u003eGustav Klemp World War I collection\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0511\"\u003eRandolph Lytton historic Washington, D.C. postcards and photographs collection\u003c/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0506\"\u003eLavinia Scott papers\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe DC History Center holds the \u003ca href=\"https://dchistory.catalogaccess.com/archives/109847\"\u003ePhilip Teigen papers\u003c/a\u003e, which includes Teigen's decade-long research on the Lutheran churches of Washington, D.C., along with original photographs of local Lutheran churches.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center holds other postcard collections, including the Gustav Klemp World War I collection, Randolph Lytton historic Washington, D.C. postcards and photographs collection, and Lavinia Scott papers.","The DC History Center holds the Philip Teigen papers, which includes Teigen's decade-long research on the Lutheran churches of Washington, D.C., along with original photographs of local Lutheran churches."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains postcards from churches of many denominations across the United States and Canada. The postcards date from 1904-2010, although many are undated. The processor included undated in the date range for a series or box if it seemed likely that some of the postcards in the group date from outside the given range. More than half of the postcards depict Lutheran churches; there are also many postcards of Roman Catholic churches and Episcopal churches, as well as other Christian denominations. Many of the postcards contained mailed correspondence on the back from a mix of senders and recipients, but the number and location of these has not been noted in the finding aid. The postcards are organized by denomination and alphabetically by state (sometimes city), as well as whether they depict church interiors or exteriors. The collections contains five series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Lutheran churches, 1904-2010 (Boxes 1-7) includes postcards of Lutheran churches from the United States and Canada. It is divided into two subseries. Sub-series 1: Lutheran church exteriors and Sub-series 2: Lutheran church interiors.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Roman Catholic churches, 1907-1995 (Boxes 8-10) includes postcards of Roman Catholic churches across the United States and Canada.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Episcopal churches, 1908-1983, undated (Boxes 10-11) includes postcards of Episcopal churches across the United States and Canada.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Other denominations, 1908-2000 (Boxes 11-12) is the smallest series, and includes postcards of a variety of churches, including Methodist, Presbyterian, Baptist, Orthodox, and other denominations, as well as non-denominational.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Additional postcards, circa 1910s-2000s (Box 13) includes additional postcards donated in 2019. Dates for postcards in this series were determined based on stamps where possible and were otherwise estimated based on style and design. It is divided into four subseries. Sub-series 1: Additional Lutheran churches (circa 1910s-2000s) includes postcards depicting both exterior and interior images of Lutheran churches. Postcards are arranged by size and then alphabetically by state, with oversized items at the end. One postcard depicts a church in Ontario, Canada which has been placed at the end of the state arrangement before the oversized. Sub-series 2: Additional Roman Catholic churches (circa 1950s-2000s) includes postcards depicting both exterior and interior images of Roman Catholic churches. Postcards are arranged by size and then alphabetically by state, with oversized items at the end. Sub-series 3: Additional Episcopal churches (circa 1950s-1980s) includes postcards depicting both exterior and interior images of Episcopal churches. Postcards are arranged alphabetically by state. Sub-series 4: Additional other denominations (circa 1950s-1990s) includes postcards depicting both exterior and interior images of churches for a variety of other denominations and uses. Postcards are arranged alphabetically by use or denomination and then alphabetically by state.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains postcards from churches of many denominations across the United States and Canada. The postcards date from 1904-2010, although many are undated. The processor included undated in the date range for a series or box if it seemed likely that some of the postcards in the group date from outside the given range. More than half of the postcards depict Lutheran churches; there are also many postcards of Roman Catholic churches and Episcopal churches, as well as other Christian denominations. Many of the postcards contained mailed correspondence on the back from a mix of senders and recipients, but the number and location of these has not been noted in the finding aid. The postcards are organized by denomination and alphabetically by state (sometimes city), as well as whether they depict church interiors or exteriors. The collections contains five series.","Series 1: Lutheran churches, 1904-2010 (Boxes 1-7) includes postcards of Lutheran churches from the United States and Canada. It is divided into two subseries. Sub-series 1: Lutheran church exteriors and Sub-series 2: Lutheran church interiors.","Series 2: Roman Catholic churches, 1907-1995 (Boxes 8-10) includes postcards of Roman Catholic churches across the United States and Canada.","Series 3: Episcopal churches, 1908-1983, undated (Boxes 10-11) includes postcards of Episcopal churches across the United States and Canada.","Series 4: Other denominations, 1908-2000 (Boxes 11-12) is the smallest series, and includes postcards of a variety of churches, including Methodist, Presbyterian, Baptist, Orthodox, and other denominations, as well as non-denominational.","Series 5: Additional postcards, circa 1910s-2000s (Box 13) includes additional postcards donated in 2019. Dates for postcards in this series were determined based on stamps where possible and were otherwise estimated based on style and design. It is divided into four subseries. Sub-series 1: Additional Lutheran churches (circa 1910s-2000s) includes postcards depicting both exterior and interior images of Lutheran churches. Postcards are arranged by size and then alphabetically by state, with oversized items at the end. One postcard depicts a church in Ontario, Canada which has been placed at the end of the state arrangement before the oversized. Sub-series 2: Additional Roman Catholic churches (circa 1950s-2000s) includes postcards depicting both exterior and interior images of Roman Catholic churches. Postcards are arranged by size and then alphabetically by state, with oversized items at the end. Sub-series 3: Additional Episcopal churches (circa 1950s-1980s) includes postcards depicting both exterior and interior images of Episcopal churches. Postcards are arranged alphabetically by state. Sub-series 4: Additional other denominations (circa 1950s-1990s) includes postcards depicting both exterior and interior images of churches for a variety of other denominations and uses. Postcards are arranged alphabetically by use or denomination and then alphabetically by state."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated. (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated. (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_ref8\"\u003eThis collection contains postcards of churches of many Christian denominations from the United States and Canada.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains postcards of churches of many Christian denominations from the United States and Canada."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_25039d10bd6b223a8c06bf9333b89608\"\u003eR 54, C 3, S 3-4\n\nR 54, C 4, S 3\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R 54, C 3, S 3-4\n\nR 54, C 4, S 3"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Teigen, Philip M."],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Teigen, Philip M."],"language_ssim":["English\n      Swedish"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":80,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:34:53.150Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_505_c01_c01_c07"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_336","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Wise Family collection, 1787/2012","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_336#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Wise family","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_336#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Wise Family Collection consists of genealogical records related to the Wise family of Rockingham County, Virginia and information about the Wise family home in Bridgewater, Virginia. The family Bible, \u003cem\u003eBiblia, das ist: Die ganze Heilige Schrift dess Alten und Neuen Testaments\u003c/em\u003e, has been separated from the collection and cataloged as the Wise Family Bible.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_336#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_336","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_336","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_336","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_336","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_336.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://aspace.lib.jmu.edu/repositories/4/resources/336","title_ssm":["Wise Family collection"],"title_tesim":["Wise Family collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1787-circa 2012"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1787-circa 2012"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1787/2012"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Wise Family collection, 1787/2012"],"text":["Wise Family collection, 1787/2012","SC 0001","/repositories/4/resources/336","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The collection is arranged topically in 3 folders. There is no series arrangement.","Wise, Harvey W. IV, From the Rhineland to the Promised Land of the Shenandoah, Lynchburg, VA: Warwick House Publishers, 2009.","The Wise family were settlers of German and Swiss descent who came to Rockingham County, Virginia in the eighteenth century. Originally spelled as Weiss, the name has had several different spellings, including Weis, Wiss, and Wise. Adam Wise I, 1761-1839, moved from his parent's home in Moorefield, Virginia (what is now West Virginia) to near the current town of Bridgewater, Virginia around 1782 and is documented as owning land in Staunton and Harrisonburg, Virginia during his lifetime. In the late 1790s he built a limestone farmhouse that still stands today. The area around the home was and is still known as Wise Hollow. The Wise family home in pictured in this collection was built around the time of the Civil War by Samuel Wise and Catherine Evers Wise in the Wise Hollow area. Generations of Wise family lived in the home and worked on the farm, raising cattle, hogs, and horses. St. Michael's Church, located across the dirt lane from the family home, was originally a German Reformed Church, and existed as early as the 1790s. The church was at one point known as Wise's Meeting House, and one acre of land for the church and cemetery was officially deeded by Adam Wise I in 1828.","See genealogical materials in this collection for additional information on the family home and individual members of the Wise family.","The materials in this collection accompany the Wise Family Bible, a 1788 German Bible passed down to the youngest son in the Wise Family each generation. The Family Record is a two page pamphlet that was kept inserted within the Bible that contains birth, death, and marriage information for members of the Wise family with entries dated from 1787-1852. The Family Record has been removed from the Bible and is housed flat with this collection. Other materials in this collection include genealogical research into the Wise family and their relatives and as well as information about the Wise family home built by Samuel and Catherine Evers Wise, located in Bridgewater, Virginia. Includes a 2012 photograph of the home.","The family Bible, Biblia, das ist: Die ganze Heilige Schrift dess Alten und Neuen Testaments, has been separated from the collection and cataloged as part of Special Collections' rare book collection.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Wise Family Collection consists of genealogical records related to the Wise family of Rockingham County, Virginia and information about the Wise family home in Bridgewater, Virginia. The family Bible, Biblia, das ist: Die ganze Heilige Schrift dess Alten und Neuen Testaments, has been separated from the collection and cataloged as the Wise Family Bible.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Wise family","Wise, Hiram Joseph, III","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Wise Family collection, 1787/2012"],"collection_ssim":["Wise Family collection, 1787/2012"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0001","/repositories/4/resources/336"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0001","/repositories/4/resources/336"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local"],"geogname_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local"],"places_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local"],"creator_ssm":["Wise family","Wise, Hiram Joseph, III"],"creator_ssim":["Wise family","Wise, Hiram Joseph, III"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Wise, Hiram Joseph, III"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Wise family"],"creators_ssim":["Wise, Hiram Joseph, III","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Wise family"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Hiram Joseph Wise III donated the family Bible and the materials in this collection in October, 2014."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.17 cubic feet 2 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["0.17 cubic feet 2 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged topically in 3 folders. There is no series arrangement.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged topically in 3 folders. There is no series arrangement."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eWise, Harvey W. IV, From the Rhineland to the Promised Land of the Shenandoah, Lynchburg, VA: Warwick House Publishers, 2009.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Wise, Harvey W. IV, From the Rhineland to the Promised Land of the Shenandoah, Lynchburg, VA: Warwick House Publishers, 2009."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Wise family were settlers of German and Swiss descent who came to Rockingham County, Virginia in the eighteenth century. Originally spelled as Weiss, the name has had several different spellings, including Weis, Wiss, and Wise. Adam Wise I, 1761-1839, moved from his parent's home in Moorefield, Virginia (what is now West Virginia) to near the current town of Bridgewater, Virginia around 1782 and is documented as owning land in Staunton and Harrisonburg, Virginia during his lifetime. In the late 1790s he built a limestone farmhouse that still stands today. The area around the home was and is still known as Wise Hollow. The Wise family home in pictured in this collection was built around the time of the Civil War by Samuel Wise and Catherine Evers Wise in the Wise Hollow area. Generations of Wise family lived in the home and worked on the farm, raising cattle, hogs, and horses. St. Michael's Church, located across the dirt lane from the family home, was originally a German Reformed Church, and existed as early as the 1790s. The church was at one point known as Wise's Meeting House, and one acre of land for the church and cemetery was officially deeded by Adam Wise I in 1828.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee genealogical materials in this collection for additional information on the family home and individual members of the Wise family.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Wise family were settlers of German and Swiss descent who came to Rockingham County, Virginia in the eighteenth century. Originally spelled as Weiss, the name has had several different spellings, including Weis, Wiss, and Wise. Adam Wise I, 1761-1839, moved from his parent's home in Moorefield, Virginia (what is now West Virginia) to near the current town of Bridgewater, Virginia around 1782 and is documented as owning land in Staunton and Harrisonburg, Virginia during his lifetime. In the late 1790s he built a limestone farmhouse that still stands today. The area around the home was and is still known as Wise Hollow. The Wise family home in pictured in this collection was built around the time of the Civil War by Samuel Wise and Catherine Evers Wise in the Wise Hollow area. Generations of Wise family lived in the home and worked on the farm, raising cattle, hogs, and horses. St. Michael's Church, located across the dirt lane from the family home, was originally a German Reformed Church, and existed as early as the 1790s. The church was at one point known as Wise's Meeting House, and one acre of land for the church and cemetery was officially deeded by Adam Wise I in 1828.","See genealogical materials in this collection for additional information on the family home and individual members of the Wise family."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Wise Family Collection, 1787-2012, SC 0001, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Wise Family Collection, 1787-2012, SC 0001, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials in this collection accompany the Wise Family Bible, a 1788 German Bible passed down to the youngest son in the Wise Family each generation. The Family Record is a two page pamphlet that was kept inserted within the Bible that contains birth, death, and marriage information for members of the Wise family with entries dated from 1787-1852. The Family Record has been removed from the Bible and is housed flat with this collection. Other materials in this collection include genealogical research into the Wise family and their relatives and as well as information about the Wise family home built by Samuel and Catherine Evers Wise, located in Bridgewater, Virginia. Includes a 2012 photograph of the home.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The materials in this collection accompany the Wise Family Bible, a 1788 German Bible passed down to the youngest son in the Wise Family each generation. The Family Record is a two page pamphlet that was kept inserted within the Bible that contains birth, death, and marriage information for members of the Wise family with entries dated from 1787-1852. The Family Record has been removed from the Bible and is housed flat with this collection. Other materials in this collection include genealogical research into the Wise family and their relatives and as well as information about the Wise family home built by Samuel and Catherine Evers Wise, located in Bridgewater, Virginia. Includes a 2012 photograph of the home."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe family Bible, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBiblia, das ist: Die ganze Heilige Schrift dess Alten und Neuen Testaments\u003c/emph\u003e, has been separated from the collection and cataloged as part of Special Collections' rare book collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["The family Bible, Biblia, das ist: Die ganze Heilige Schrift dess Alten und Neuen Testaments, has been separated from the collection and cataloged as part of Special Collections' rare book collection."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_204aaa3ff3cff3c99dc51c5db12d0f3d\"\u003eThe Wise Family Collection consists of genealogical records related to the Wise family of Rockingham County, Virginia and information about the Wise family home in Bridgewater, Virginia. The family Bible, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBiblia, das ist: Die ganze Heilige Schrift dess Alten und Neuen Testaments\u003c/emph\u003e, has been separated from the collection and cataloged as the Wise Family Bible.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Wise Family Collection consists of genealogical records related to the Wise family of Rockingham County, Virginia and information about the Wise family home in Bridgewater, Virginia. The family Bible, Biblia, das ist: Die ganze Heilige Schrift dess Alten und Neuen Testaments, has been separated from the collection and cataloged as the Wise Family Bible."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections"],"famname_ssim":["Wise family"],"persname_ssim":["Wise, Hiram Joseph, III"],"names_coll_ssim":["Wise, Hiram Joseph, III"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Wise family","Wise, Hiram Joseph, III"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":3,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:35:59.804Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_336","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_336","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_336","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_336","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_336.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://aspace.lib.jmu.edu/repositories/4/resources/336","title_ssm":["Wise Family collection"],"title_tesim":["Wise Family collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1787-circa 2012"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1787-circa 2012"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1787/2012"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Wise Family collection, 1787/2012"],"text":["Wise Family collection, 1787/2012","SC 0001","/repositories/4/resources/336","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The collection is arranged topically in 3 folders. There is no series arrangement.","Wise, Harvey W. IV, From the Rhineland to the Promised Land of the Shenandoah, Lynchburg, VA: Warwick House Publishers, 2009.","The Wise family were settlers of German and Swiss descent who came to Rockingham County, Virginia in the eighteenth century. Originally spelled as Weiss, the name has had several different spellings, including Weis, Wiss, and Wise. Adam Wise I, 1761-1839, moved from his parent's home in Moorefield, Virginia (what is now West Virginia) to near the current town of Bridgewater, Virginia around 1782 and is documented as owning land in Staunton and Harrisonburg, Virginia during his lifetime. In the late 1790s he built a limestone farmhouse that still stands today. The area around the home was and is still known as Wise Hollow. The Wise family home in pictured in this collection was built around the time of the Civil War by Samuel Wise and Catherine Evers Wise in the Wise Hollow area. Generations of Wise family lived in the home and worked on the farm, raising cattle, hogs, and horses. St. Michael's Church, located across the dirt lane from the family home, was originally a German Reformed Church, and existed as early as the 1790s. The church was at one point known as Wise's Meeting House, and one acre of land for the church and cemetery was officially deeded by Adam Wise I in 1828.","See genealogical materials in this collection for additional information on the family home and individual members of the Wise family.","The materials in this collection accompany the Wise Family Bible, a 1788 German Bible passed down to the youngest son in the Wise Family each generation. The Family Record is a two page pamphlet that was kept inserted within the Bible that contains birth, death, and marriage information for members of the Wise family with entries dated from 1787-1852. The Family Record has been removed from the Bible and is housed flat with this collection. Other materials in this collection include genealogical research into the Wise family and their relatives and as well as information about the Wise family home built by Samuel and Catherine Evers Wise, located in Bridgewater, Virginia. Includes a 2012 photograph of the home.","The family Bible, Biblia, das ist: Die ganze Heilige Schrift dess Alten und Neuen Testaments, has been separated from the collection and cataloged as part of Special Collections' rare book collection.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Wise Family Collection consists of genealogical records related to the Wise family of Rockingham County, Virginia and information about the Wise family home in Bridgewater, Virginia. The family Bible, Biblia, das ist: Die ganze Heilige Schrift dess Alten und Neuen Testaments, has been separated from the collection and cataloged as the Wise Family Bible.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Wise family","Wise, Hiram Joseph, III","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Wise Family collection, 1787/2012"],"collection_ssim":["Wise Family collection, 1787/2012"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0001","/repositories/4/resources/336"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0001","/repositories/4/resources/336"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local"],"geogname_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local"],"places_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local"],"creator_ssm":["Wise family","Wise, Hiram Joseph, III"],"creator_ssim":["Wise family","Wise, Hiram Joseph, III"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Wise, Hiram Joseph, III"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Wise family"],"creators_ssim":["Wise, Hiram Joseph, III","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Wise family"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Hiram Joseph Wise III donated the family Bible and the materials in this collection in October, 2014."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.17 cubic feet 2 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["0.17 cubic feet 2 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged topically in 3 folders. There is no series arrangement.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged topically in 3 folders. There is no series arrangement."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eWise, Harvey W. IV, From the Rhineland to the Promised Land of the Shenandoah, Lynchburg, VA: Warwick House Publishers, 2009.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Wise, Harvey W. IV, From the Rhineland to the Promised Land of the Shenandoah, Lynchburg, VA: Warwick House Publishers, 2009."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Wise family were settlers of German and Swiss descent who came to Rockingham County, Virginia in the eighteenth century. Originally spelled as Weiss, the name has had several different spellings, including Weis, Wiss, and Wise. Adam Wise I, 1761-1839, moved from his parent's home in Moorefield, Virginia (what is now West Virginia) to near the current town of Bridgewater, Virginia around 1782 and is documented as owning land in Staunton and Harrisonburg, Virginia during his lifetime. In the late 1790s he built a limestone farmhouse that still stands today. The area around the home was and is still known as Wise Hollow. The Wise family home in pictured in this collection was built around the time of the Civil War by Samuel Wise and Catherine Evers Wise in the Wise Hollow area. Generations of Wise family lived in the home and worked on the farm, raising cattle, hogs, and horses. St. Michael's Church, located across the dirt lane from the family home, was originally a German Reformed Church, and existed as early as the 1790s. The church was at one point known as Wise's Meeting House, and one acre of land for the church and cemetery was officially deeded by Adam Wise I in 1828.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee genealogical materials in this collection for additional information on the family home and individual members of the Wise family.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Wise family were settlers of German and Swiss descent who came to Rockingham County, Virginia in the eighteenth century. Originally spelled as Weiss, the name has had several different spellings, including Weis, Wiss, and Wise. Adam Wise I, 1761-1839, moved from his parent's home in Moorefield, Virginia (what is now West Virginia) to near the current town of Bridgewater, Virginia around 1782 and is documented as owning land in Staunton and Harrisonburg, Virginia during his lifetime. In the late 1790s he built a limestone farmhouse that still stands today. The area around the home was and is still known as Wise Hollow. The Wise family home in pictured in this collection was built around the time of the Civil War by Samuel Wise and Catherine Evers Wise in the Wise Hollow area. Generations of Wise family lived in the home and worked on the farm, raising cattle, hogs, and horses. St. Michael's Church, located across the dirt lane from the family home, was originally a German Reformed Church, and existed as early as the 1790s. The church was at one point known as Wise's Meeting House, and one acre of land for the church and cemetery was officially deeded by Adam Wise I in 1828.","See genealogical materials in this collection for additional information on the family home and individual members of the Wise family."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Wise Family Collection, 1787-2012, SC 0001, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Wise Family Collection, 1787-2012, SC 0001, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials in this collection accompany the Wise Family Bible, a 1788 German Bible passed down to the youngest son in the Wise Family each generation. The Family Record is a two page pamphlet that was kept inserted within the Bible that contains birth, death, and marriage information for members of the Wise family with entries dated from 1787-1852. The Family Record has been removed from the Bible and is housed flat with this collection. Other materials in this collection include genealogical research into the Wise family and their relatives and as well as information about the Wise family home built by Samuel and Catherine Evers Wise, located in Bridgewater, Virginia. Includes a 2012 photograph of the home.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The materials in this collection accompany the Wise Family Bible, a 1788 German Bible passed down to the youngest son in the Wise Family each generation. The Family Record is a two page pamphlet that was kept inserted within the Bible that contains birth, death, and marriage information for members of the Wise family with entries dated from 1787-1852. The Family Record has been removed from the Bible and is housed flat with this collection. Other materials in this collection include genealogical research into the Wise family and their relatives and as well as information about the Wise family home built by Samuel and Catherine Evers Wise, located in Bridgewater, Virginia. Includes a 2012 photograph of the home."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe family Bible, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBiblia, das ist: Die ganze Heilige Schrift dess Alten und Neuen Testaments\u003c/emph\u003e, has been separated from the collection and cataloged as part of Special Collections' rare book collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["The family Bible, Biblia, das ist: Die ganze Heilige Schrift dess Alten und Neuen Testaments, has been separated from the collection and cataloged as part of Special Collections' rare book collection."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_204aaa3ff3cff3c99dc51c5db12d0f3d\"\u003eThe Wise Family Collection consists of genealogical records related to the Wise family of Rockingham County, Virginia and information about the Wise family home in Bridgewater, Virginia. The family Bible, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBiblia, das ist: Die ganze Heilige Schrift dess Alten und Neuen Testaments\u003c/emph\u003e, has been separated from the collection and cataloged as the Wise Family Bible.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Wise Family Collection consists of genealogical records related to the Wise family of Rockingham County, Virginia and information about the Wise family home in Bridgewater, Virginia. The family Bible, Biblia, das ist: Die ganze Heilige Schrift dess Alten und Neuen Testaments, has been separated from the collection and cataloged as the Wise Family Bible."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections"],"famname_ssim":["Wise family"],"persname_ssim":["Wise, Hiram Joseph, III"],"names_coll_ssim":["Wise, Hiram Joseph, III"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Wise family","Wise, Hiram Joseph, III"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":3,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:35:59.804Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_336"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1354","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Wissler-Mayer Family Papers, 1835/1952","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_1354#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Wissler family","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_1354#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003ePapers, circa 1830s-1950s, of the Wissler, Mayer, and Erb families of Grottoes and Columbia Furnace, Virginia, and Lancaster, Pennsylvania. Included are photographs, an autograph album, a manuscript cookbook, receipts, two ledgers, a Bible and hymn book, a Wissler family record for the descendants of William Franklin Wissler and Elizabeth Mayer (m. 1890), and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_1354#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1354","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1354","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1354","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1354","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_1354.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Wissler-Mayer Family Papers","title_ssm":["Wissler-Mayer Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Wissler-Mayer Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1835-1952"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1835-1952"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1835/1952"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Wissler-Mayer Family Papers, 1835/1952"],"text":["Wissler-Mayer Family Papers, 1835/1952","Mss. Acc. 2010.223","/repositories/2/resources/1354","Pennsylvania--Genealogy","Pennsylvania--Lancaster County--History","Rockingham County (Va.)--History--19th century","Virginia--Genealogy","Rockingham County (Va.)--History--20th century","Shenandoah County (Va.)--History--19th century","Autograph albums","Bible records","Cookbooks","Ledgers (Accounting)","Letters (correspondence)","Photographs","Receipts (financial records)","Recipes","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Accessioned and minimally processed in April 2010. Fully processed by Hannah Craddock, SCRC Staff, in September, 2010.","Papers, circa 1830s-1950s, of the Wissler, Mayer, and Erb families of Grottoes and Columbia Furnace, Virginia, and Lancaster, Pennsylvania. Included are photographs, an autograph album, a manuscript cookbook, receipts, two ledgers, a Bible and hymn book, a Wissler family record for the descendants of William Franklin Wissler and Elizabeth Mayer (m. 1890), and correspondence.","Artifacts transferred to the Manuscripts Artifact Collection (Mss. 1.03) include: lockbox of Jacob M. Mayer (2010.223.01), small leather change purse (2010.223.02), brown leather coat wallet (2010.223.03), purple leather accordion wallet (2010.223.04).","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","Wissler family","Erb family","Mayer family","English\n      German"],"collection_title_tesim":["Wissler-Mayer Family Papers, 1835/1952"],"collection_ssim":["Wissler-Mayer Family Papers, 1835/1952"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss. Acc. 2010.223","/repositories/2/resources/1354"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss. 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Subjects include timber cutting methods, costs, timber shipping, floods, freezes, droughts, log jams, timberland locations, timber purchases and sales, salaries of timber workers, and fruit groves in Florida. Counties mentioned include: Boone, Braxton, Calhoun, Gilmer, Lewis, Marshall, Mercer, Nicholas, Ritchie, Roane, and Wirt. 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Va.)","Braxton County (W. Va.)","Calhoun County (W. Va.)","Florida","Gilmer County (W. Va.)","Lewis County.","Marshall County.","Mercer County (W. Va.)","Nicholas County (W. Va.)","Parkersburg.","Ritchie County (W. Va.)","Roane County (W. Va.)","Wirt County (W. Va.)","Account books","Agriculture","Coal mining - coal companies.","Floods","Lumber trade","Mills and mill-work","Petroleum industry and trade","Weather","No special access restriction applies.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Correspondence, ledger books, account and cashbooks of the Parkersburg, West Virginia, firm of Withers and VanDevender (later Wiant and VanDevender), specializing in timber cutting, but also dealing in real estate, coal, oil, and orange growing. 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