{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1911\u0026page=1950","prev":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1911\u0026page=1949","next":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1911\u0026page=1951","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1911\u0026page=1968"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1950,"next_page":1951,"prev_page":1949,"total_pages":1968,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":19490,"total_count":19675,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1355_c01_c02_c65","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"W (Miscellaneous)","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1355_c01_c02_c65#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1355_c01_c02_c65","ref_ssm":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1355_c01_c02_c65"],"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1355_c01_c02_c65","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1355","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1355","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1355_c01_c02","parent_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1355_c01_c02","parent_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1355","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1355_c01","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1355_c01_c02"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1355","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1355_c01","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1355_c01_c02"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Ellison A. Smyth, Jr. Papers,","Series I: Correspondence","Correspondence P-Z"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Ellison A. Smyth, Jr. Papers,","Series I: Correspondence","Correspondence P-Z"],"text":["Ellison A. Smyth, Jr. Papers,","Series I: Correspondence","Correspondence P-Z","W (Miscellaneous)","box 2","folder 62"],"title_filing_ssi":"W (Miscellaneous)","title_ssm":["W (Miscellaneous)"],"title_tesim":["W (Miscellaneous)"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1889-1923, n.d."],"normalized_date_ssm":["1889/1923"],"normalized_title_ssm":["W (Miscellaneous)"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"collection_ssim":["Ellison A. Smyth, Jr. Papers,"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":153,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"date_range_isim":[1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923],"containers_ssim":["box 2","folder 62"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#1/components#64","timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:40:13.736Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1355","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1355","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1355","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1355","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1355.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Smyth, Ellison A., Jr. Papers","title_ssm":["Ellison A. Smyth, Jr. Papers,"],"title_tesim":["Ellison A. Smyth, Jr. Papers,"],"unitdate_ssm":["1859-1927"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1859-1927"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1981.098"],"text":["Ms.1981.098","Ellison A. Smyth, Jr. Papers,","Faculty and staff","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Montgomery County (Va.)","Science and Technology","University History","Collection is open for research.","Some of this collection has been digitized and is available online.","The collection is arranged in seven series, organized by material type. ","Series I: Correspondence, includes personal and professional correspondence to and from Smyth. Loose letters are arranged alphabetically by correspondent. Correspondence in letterbooks is in its original order. ","Series II: Elliot Society Ephemera includes information on the natural history organization, as well as publications from it. ","Series III: Publications and Research Notes contains copies of publications by Smyth and notes from his research in and around Montgomery County, Virginia. ","Series IV: Newspaper Clippings consists of a single scrapbook created by Smyth. ","Series V: Field Journals includes Smyth field research on a variety of biology and botany topics. ","Series VI: Teaching Materials consists of handwritten notes by Smyth during his tenure at Virginia Agriculture and Mechanical College. The majority of the notes relate to biology, botany, and evolution lectures, although there are also exam questions. ","Series VII: Photographic Negatives contains three collections of negatives--a set of images from Bedford County, Virginia; a set of images from Bermuda, taken in 1904; and a set of images taken in Jamaica in 1906. ","The son of a prominent cotton merchant and mayor, Ellison Adger Smyth, Jr. was born in Summerton, South Carolina on October 26, 1863 and died in Salem, Virginia on August 19, 1941. Smyth received a Master's degree from Princeton in 1887 and an honorary degree of LL.D in 1906 from the University of Alabama. He studied law at Columbia University in 1885, practicing in Charleston, South Carolina until accepting the position of Adjunct-Professor of Biology at the University of South Carolina in 1889. ","In 1891, Smyth moved to Blacksburg, Virginia in order to found the Biology Department at VPI with John McLaren McBryde. At VPI, Smyth was a Professor of Biology from 1891 until 1925, the first dean of the faculty from 1903-1906, the dean of the Department of Applied Science from 1916-1920, and faculty advisor to students in biology and pre-medical from 1920-1925. Ellison Adger Smyth, Jr. married Grace Allan in 1896, with whom he had five children. ","Ellison Adger Smyth, Jr. is not to be confused with his son, also named Ellison Adger Smyth, Jr., who was born in 1903 and died in 1998.","External sources: ","https://web.archive.org/web/20130225032425/http://herbarium.unc.edu/Collectors/Smyth_Ellison_A_Jr.htm\nhttps://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1941/08/20/87659472.html?pageNumber=19","The guide to the Ellison A. Smyth, Jr. Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","Contains pressed flowers, which are fragile and should be handled with care.","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Ellison A. Smyth, Jr. Papers was completed in April 2013.","The Ellison A. Smyth, Jr. collection contains papers including correspondence with professional and amateur scientists, collectors, dealers and suppliers around the world, including H.H. Bailey, Carl Braun, Jonathan Dwight, E.K. Harvey, and James R. Randolph. The collection also includes correspondence with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the American Entomological Society, Boston Society of Natural History, Linnean Society of New York, and the University of Notre Dame Botany Department; reprints of articles written by Smyth; literature on topics in biology and science; and his notes, written in 1912, on birds in Montgomery County, Virginia. Additionally, the collection contains a series of field journals and film negatives from Smyth's trips abroad. Other items in the collection include lecture notes (biology, botany, and evolution) and exam questions from the 1900s-1920s. ","Please note: This collection does include Ellison A. Smyth, Jr.'s glass plate negatives. The glass plate negatives are boxes and included in the description. We have a working spreadsheet inventory that is linked to the finding aid. ","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The Ellison A. 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","Series III: Publications and Research Notes contains copies of publications by Smyth and notes from his research in and around Montgomery County, Virginia. ","Series IV: Newspaper Clippings consists of a single scrapbook created by Smyth. ","Series V: Field Journals includes Smyth field research on a variety of biology and botany topics. ","Series VI: Teaching Materials consists of handwritten notes by Smyth during his tenure at Virginia Agriculture and Mechanical College. The majority of the notes relate to biology, botany, and evolution lectures, although there are also exam questions. ","Series VII: Photographic Negatives contains three collections of negatives--a set of images from Bedford County, Virginia; a set of images from Bermuda, taken in 1904; and a set of images taken in Jamaica in 1906. "],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe son of a prominent cotton merchant and mayor, Ellison Adger Smyth, Jr. was born in Summerton, South Carolina on October 26, 1863 and died in Salem, Virginia on August 19, 1941. Smyth received a Master's degree from Princeton in 1887 and an honorary degree of LL.D in 1906 from the University of Alabama. He studied law at Columbia University in 1885, practicing in Charleston, South Carolina until accepting the position of Adjunct-Professor of Biology at the University of South Carolina in 1889. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1891, Smyth moved to Blacksburg, Virginia in order to found the Biology Department at VPI with John McLaren McBryde. At VPI, Smyth was a Professor of Biology from 1891 until 1925, the first dean of the faculty from 1903-1906, the dean of the Department of Applied Science from 1916-1920, and faculty advisor to students in biology and pre-medical from 1920-1925. Ellison Adger Smyth, Jr. married Grace Allan in 1896, with whom he had five children. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEllison Adger Smyth, Jr. is not to be confused with his son, also named Ellison Adger Smyth, Jr., who was born in 1903 and died in 1998.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eExternal sources: \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ehttps://web.archive.org/web/20130225032425/http://herbarium.unc.edu/Collectors/Smyth_Ellison_A_Jr.htm\nhttps://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1941/08/20/87659472.html?pageNumber=19\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["The son of a prominent cotton merchant and mayor, Ellison Adger Smyth, Jr. was born in Summerton, South Carolina on October 26, 1863 and died in Salem, Virginia on August 19, 1941. Smyth received a Master's degree from Princeton in 1887 and an honorary degree of LL.D in 1906 from the University of Alabama. 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","Ellison Adger Smyth, Jr. is not to be confused with his son, also named Ellison Adger Smyth, Jr., who was born in 1903 and died in 1998.","External sources: ","https://web.archive.org/web/20130225032425/http://herbarium.unc.edu/Collectors/Smyth_Ellison_A_Jr.htm\nhttps://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1941/08/20/87659472.html?pageNumber=19"],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Ellison A. Smyth, Jr. Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains pressed flowers, which are fragile and should be handled with care.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description","General"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Ellison A. Smyth, Jr. Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","Contains pressed flowers, which are fragile and should be handled with care."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Ellison A. Smyth, Jr. Papers, Ms1981-098, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Ellison A. Smyth, Jr. Papers, Ms1981-098, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Ellison A. Smyth, Jr. Papers was completed in April 2013.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Ellison A. Smyth, Jr. Papers was completed in April 2013."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Ellison A. Smyth, Jr. collection contains papers including correspondence with professional and amateur scientists, collectors, dealers and suppliers around the world, including H.H. Bailey, Carl Braun, Jonathan Dwight, E.K. Harvey, and James R. Randolph. The collection also includes correspondence with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the American Entomological Society, Boston Society of Natural History, Linnean Society of New York, and the University of Notre Dame Botany Department; reprints of articles written by Smyth; literature on topics in biology and science; and his notes, written in 1912, on birds in Montgomery County, Virginia. Additionally, the collection contains a series of field journals and film negatives from Smyth's trips abroad. Other items in the collection include lecture notes (biology, botany, and evolution) and exam questions from the 1900s-1920s. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePlease note: This collection does include Ellison A. Smyth, Jr.'s glass plate negatives. The glass plate negatives are boxes and included in the description. We have a working spreadsheet inventory that is linked to the finding aid. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Ellison A. Smyth, Jr. collection contains papers including correspondence with professional and amateur scientists, collectors, dealers and suppliers around the world, including H.H. Bailey, Carl Braun, Jonathan Dwight, E.K. Harvey, and James R. Randolph. The collection also includes correspondence with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the American Entomological Society, Boston Society of Natural History, Linnean Society of New York, and the University of Notre Dame Botany Department; reprints of articles written by Smyth; literature on topics in biology and science; and his notes, written in 1912, on birds in Montgomery County, Virginia. Additionally, the collection contains a series of field journals and film negatives from Smyth's trips abroad. Other items in the collection include lecture notes (biology, botany, and evolution) and exam questions from the 1900s-1920s. ","Please note: This collection does include Ellison A. Smyth, Jr.'s glass plate negatives. The glass plate negatives are boxes and included in the description. We have a working spreadsheet inventory that is linked to the finding aid. "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_c06e44ca2080cd48aa609a8b0bfa592d\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Ellison A. Smyth, Jr. collection contains papers including his correspondence with professional and amateur scientists, collectors, dealers and suppliers around the world concerning entomology and zoology, his publications, and field journals from his entomological work.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Ellison A. Smyth, Jr. collection contains papers including his correspondence with professional and amateur scientists, collectors, dealers and suppliers around the world concerning entomology and zoology, his publications, and field journals from his entomological work."],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (1872-1896)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Smyth, Ellison A. 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Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"date_range_isim":[1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913],"containers_ssim":["box 1","folder 35"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#34","timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:19:56.471Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3049","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3049","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3049","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3049","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_3049.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Barringer, Paul B., Records of the Office of the President","title_ssm":["Records of the Office of the President, Paul B. Barringer"],"title_tesim":["Records of the Office of the President, Paul B. Barringer"],"unitdate_ssm":["1900-1914"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1900-1914"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Record Group","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["RG.02.06"],"text":["RG.02.06","Records of the Office of the President, Paul B. Barringer","Faculty and staff","University Archives","University History","Record Group 2 - Office of the President","The collection is open for research.","This collection is divided into two series, each arranged alphabetically.","Series I. Correspondence Series II. Administrative files","The Board of Visitors elected educator and physician Paul B. Barringer (1857-1941) as the sixth president of Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (VPI) on May 17, 1907. Accomplishments of his administration include entrance requirements raised from four to fourteen units; a Farmer's Winter Course established; and summer school expanded. ","Barringer's tenure as president was not a smooth one, hampered by several investigations. From the start, he was determined to develop the agricultural facet of VPI until it was at least equal to the engineering component, which caused some dissatisfaction among certain alumni and faculty. In 1909, the Chairman of the Alumni Association Welfare Committee, Lawrence Priddy, attempted to have the Board of Visitors oust Barringer. The Board ordered an investigation and a public hearing was held March 25, 1910, at which Priddy's charges were dismissed as \"unwarranted\" and \"inaccurate.\" However, this was not the end of Barringer's problems. ","In the fall of 1911, the Board again called for an investigation when a former Commandant of Cadets accused Barringer of \"countenancing immorality\" on campus. The investigation concluded that the charges were \"without foundation.\" ","Having survived those investigations, Barringer next ran afoul of Governor William H. Mann, who wanted the College to become involved in agriculture extension work. Barringer did not agree, so Mann said he would appoint a Board of Visitors antagonistic to Barringer if he did not resign. On June 10, 1912, Barringer resigned, but the Board asked him to remain in office another year until a new president was selected.","In 2020, Barringer Hall, a dorm on the Virginia Tech campus named for the president, was renamed Whitehurst Hall after James Whitehurst, the first Black student to live on campus and the first African American on the VT Board of Visitors. According to the Virginia Tech August 13, 2020 press release entitled \"Board of Visitors Executive Committee approves new names for residence halls\" , Barringer's \"public speeches and writings that were popular throughout the South prior to, during, and subsequent to his time as university president demonstrated and celebrated his personal views as a white supremacist who favored pro-slavery and anti-Black positions.\"","The guide to the Records of the Office of the President, Paul B. Barringer by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Records of the Office of the President, Paul B. Barringer were completed prior to 2001.","This collection contains mainly incoming and outgoing correspondence (1907-1913) concerning college activities and issues of Barringer's administration. Topics include academic standards; hazing; Hog Cholera outbreak (1908); fires; prohibition; water/sewage system; refrigeration plant; and advantages and dangers of football. A few letters from Barringer are to United States presidents: Theodore Roosevelt; William Howard Taft; and Woodrow Wilson. Also included with the collection are the following items: ledger of Board of Visitors Executive Committee minutes, handwritten (September 24, 1904 - November 1, 1904, and October 2, 1906 - June 12, 1908); inventories (1908-1911); letters of application for faculty positions (1909); several items relating to charges against Barringer by Lawrence Priddy, president of Alumni Association, and ensuing investigation (1910); correspondence and other items concerning Mess Hall investigation (1911); purchase orders (1911); reports to the Board of Visitors (1911); leases and contracts; report by Barringer to Board of Visitors on professors, giving names, ages, teaching hours per week, salary, degrees, and Barringer's personal remarks on each (no date).","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Barringer, Paul B. ","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["RG.02.06"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Records of the Office of the President, Paul B. Barringer"],"collection_title_tesim":["Records of the Office of the President, Paul B. Barringer"],"collection_ssim":["Records of the Office of the President, Paul B. Barringer"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Barringer, Paul B. "],"creator_ssim":["Barringer, Paul B. "],"creator_persname_ssim":["Barringer, Paul B. "],"creators_ssim":["Barringer, Paul B. "],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was transferred to Special Collections and University Archives in 1960, 1973, and 1978. Additional materials were transferred prior to 2020."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Faculty and staff","University Archives","University History","Record Group 2 - Office of the President"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Faculty and staff","University Archives","University History","Record Group 2 - Office of the President"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2.4 Cubic Feet 3 boxes and 1 oversize folder"],"extent_tesim":["2.4 Cubic Feet 3 boxes and 1 oversize folder"],"date_range_isim":[1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is divided into two series, each arranged alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003clist\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries I. Correspondence\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries II. Administrative files\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is divided into two series, each arranged alphabetically.","Series I. Correspondence Series II. Administrative files"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Board of Visitors elected educator and physician Paul B. Barringer (1857-1941) as the sixth president of Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (VPI) on May 17, 1907. Accomplishments of his administration include entrance requirements raised from four to fourteen units; a Farmer's Winter Course established; and summer school expanded. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBarringer's tenure as president was not a smooth one, hampered by several investigations. From the start, he was determined to develop the agricultural facet of VPI until it was at least equal to the engineering component, which caused some dissatisfaction among certain alumni and faculty. In 1909, the Chairman of the Alumni Association Welfare Committee, Lawrence Priddy, attempted to have the Board of Visitors oust Barringer. The Board ordered an investigation and a public hearing was held March 25, 1910, at which Priddy's charges were dismissed as \"unwarranted\" and \"inaccurate.\" However, this was not the end of Barringer's problems. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn the fall of 1911, the Board again called for an investigation when a former Commandant of Cadets accused Barringer of \"countenancing immorality\" on campus. The investigation concluded that the charges were \"without foundation.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHaving survived those investigations, Barringer next ran afoul of Governor William H. Mann, who wanted the College to become involved in agriculture extension work. Barringer did not agree, so Mann said he would appoint a Board of Visitors antagonistic to Barringer if he did not resign. On June 10, 1912, Barringer resigned, but the Board asked him to remain in office another year until a new president was selected.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 2020, Barringer Hall, a dorm on the Virginia Tech campus named for the president, was renamed Whitehurst Hall after James Whitehurst, the first Black student to live on campus and the first African American on the VT Board of Visitors. According to the \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://vtnews.vt.edu/articles/2020/08/bov-buildings-resolutions.html\"\u003eVirginia Tech August 13, 2020 press release entitled \"Board of Visitors Executive Committee approves new names for residence halls\"\u003c/a\u003e, Barringer's \"public speeches and writings that were popular throughout the South prior to, during, and subsequent to his time as university president demonstrated and celebrated his personal views as a white supremacist who favored pro-slavery and anti-Black positions.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Board of Visitors elected educator and physician Paul B. Barringer (1857-1941) as the sixth president of Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (VPI) on May 17, 1907. Accomplishments of his administration include entrance requirements raised from four to fourteen units; a Farmer's Winter Course established; and summer school expanded. ","Barringer's tenure as president was not a smooth one, hampered by several investigations. From the start, he was determined to develop the agricultural facet of VPI until it was at least equal to the engineering component, which caused some dissatisfaction among certain alumni and faculty. In 1909, the Chairman of the Alumni Association Welfare Committee, Lawrence Priddy, attempted to have the Board of Visitors oust Barringer. The Board ordered an investigation and a public hearing was held March 25, 1910, at which Priddy's charges were dismissed as \"unwarranted\" and \"inaccurate.\" However, this was not the end of Barringer's problems. ","In the fall of 1911, the Board again called for an investigation when a former Commandant of Cadets accused Barringer of \"countenancing immorality\" on campus. The investigation concluded that the charges were \"without foundation.\" ","Having survived those investigations, Barringer next ran afoul of Governor William H. Mann, who wanted the College to become involved in agriculture extension work. Barringer did not agree, so Mann said he would appoint a Board of Visitors antagonistic to Barringer if he did not resign. On June 10, 1912, Barringer resigned, but the Board asked him to remain in office another year until a new president was selected.","In 2020, Barringer Hall, a dorm on the Virginia Tech campus named for the president, was renamed Whitehurst Hall after James Whitehurst, the first Black student to live on campus and the first African American on the VT Board of Visitors. According to the Virginia Tech August 13, 2020 press release entitled \"Board of Visitors Executive Committee approves new names for residence halls\" , Barringer's \"public speeches and writings that were popular throughout the South prior to, during, and subsequent to his time as university president demonstrated and celebrated his personal views as a white supremacist who favored pro-slavery and anti-Black positions.\""],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Records of the Office of the President, Paul B. Barringer by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-%20work/public-domain/cc0/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Records of the Office of the President, Paul B. Barringer by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Records of the Office of the President, Paul B. Barringer, RG 2/6, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Records of the Office of the President, Paul B. Barringer, RG 2/6, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Records of the Office of the President, Paul B. Barringer were completed prior to 2001.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Records of the Office of the President, Paul B. Barringer were completed prior to 2001."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains mainly incoming and outgoing correspondence (1907-1913) concerning college activities and issues of Barringer's administration. Topics include academic standards; hazing; Hog Cholera outbreak (1908); fires; prohibition; water/sewage system; refrigeration plant; and advantages and dangers of football. A few letters from Barringer are to United States presidents: Theodore Roosevelt; William Howard Taft; and Woodrow Wilson. Also included with the collection are the following items: ledger of Board of Visitors Executive Committee minutes, handwritten (September 24, 1904 - November 1, 1904, and October 2, 1906 - June 12, 1908); inventories (1908-1911); letters of application for faculty positions (1909); several items relating to charges against Barringer by Lawrence Priddy, president of Alumni Association, and ensuing investigation (1910); correspondence and other items concerning Mess Hall investigation (1911); purchase orders (1911); reports to the Board of Visitors (1911); leases and contracts; report by Barringer to Board of Visitors on professors, giving names, ages, teaching hours per week, salary, degrees, and Barringer's personal remarks on each (no date).\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains mainly incoming and outgoing correspondence (1907-1913) concerning college activities and issues of Barringer's administration. Topics include academic standards; hazing; Hog Cholera outbreak (1908); fires; prohibition; water/sewage system; refrigeration plant; and advantages and dangers of football. A few letters from Barringer are to United States presidents: Theodore Roosevelt; William Howard Taft; and Woodrow Wilson. Also included with the collection are the following items: ledger of Board of Visitors Executive Committee minutes, handwritten (September 24, 1904 - November 1, 1904, and October 2, 1906 - June 12, 1908); inventories (1908-1911); letters of application for faculty positions (1909); several items relating to charges against Barringer by Lawrence Priddy, president of Alumni Association, and ensuing investigation (1910); correspondence and other items concerning Mess Hall investigation (1911); purchase orders (1911); reports to the Board of Visitors (1911); leases and contracts; report by Barringer to Board of Visitors on professors, giving names, ages, teaching hours per week, salary, degrees, and Barringer's personal remarks on each (no date)."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (\u003ca href=\"mailto:specref@vt.edu\"\u003especref@vt.edu\u003c/a\u003e or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Barringer, Paul B. "],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Barringer, Paul B. "],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)"],"persname_ssim":["Barringer, Paul B. "],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"total_component_count_is":368,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:19:56.471Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3049_c01_c35"}},{"id":"viu_viu00663_c01_c502","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"W. M. Pitzer (see Pocahontas C. \u0026 C.\n Co. 148) - about coal shipments to Stone's\n residence","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_viu00663_c01_c502#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_viu00663_c01_c502","ref_ssm":["viu_viu00663_c01_c502"],"id":"viu_viu00663_c01_c502","ead_ssi":"viu_viu00663","_root_":"viu_viu00663","_nest_parent_":"viu_viu00663_c01","parent_ssi":"viu_viu00663_c01","parent_ssim":["viu_viu00663","viu_viu00663_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_viu00663","viu_viu00663_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Edward L. Stone/Borderland Coal Company Papers \n \n 1895-1937","Edward L. Stone Personal Papers"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Edward L. Stone/Borderland Coal Company Papers \n \n 1895-1937","Edward L. Stone Personal Papers"],"text":["Edward L. Stone/Borderland Coal Company Papers \n \n 1895-1937","Edward L. Stone Personal Papers","W. M. Pitzer (see Pocahontas C. \u0026 C.\n Co. 148) - about coal shipments to Stone's\n residence","box Box 149"],"title_filing_ssi":"W. M. Pitzer (see Pocahontas C. \u0026 C.\n Co. 148) - about coal shipments to Stone's\n residence","title_ssm":["W. M. Pitzer (see Pocahontas C. \u0026 C.\n Co. 148) - about coal shipments to Stone's\n residence"],"title_tesim":["W. M. Pitzer (see Pocahontas C. \u0026 C.\n Co. 148) - about coal shipments to Stone's\n residence"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1911 -1920"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1911/1920"],"normalized_title_ssm":["W. M. Pitzer (see Pocahontas C. \u0026 C.\n Co. 148) - about coal shipments to Stone's\n residence"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Edward L. Stone/Borderland Coal Company Papers \n \n 1895-1937"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":503,"date_range_isim":[1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920],"containers_ssim":["box Box 149"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#501","timestamp":"2026-05-21T12:16:02.259Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_viu00663","ead_ssi":"viu_viu00663","_root_":"viu_viu00663","_nest_parent_":"viu_viu00663","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/uva-sc/viu00663.xml","title_ssm":["Edward L. Stone/Borderland Coal Company Papers \n \n 1895-1937"],"title_tesim":["Edward L. Stone/Borderland Coal Company Papers \n \n 1895-1937"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["382"],"text":["382","Edward L. Stone/Borderland Coal Company Papers \n \n 1895-1937","This collection\n consists of approximately 500,000 items.","Stored off-site. Users must request boxes 48 hours in advance of desired use. Neither drop-in nor next-day requests can be fulfilled. For additional information, contact Special Collections. \n","After arrival at the University, the collection was placed\n in the stack areas of the then division of Rare Books and\n Manuscripts of the Library, and was shelved in close proximity\n to another large collection received only a year before, that\n of the Low Moor Iron Company. The two comprised the largest\n group of material in the division at the time, a group that,\n unfortunately, was rarely used by researchers as there were no\n finding aids to the mass, and interested researchers were\n intimidated by the problems of research in the papers.","The collections remained in the stacks until 1958 when\n expansion space in the division's storage area was reduced to\n a minimum by the successful collecting program of the\n intervening years. A review of the collections and their use\n showed that the Stone collection and the Low Moor Iron Company\n papers were rarely consulted, and it was decided to move them\n out of the division's quarters to provide storage space for\n collections that were being used by researchers.","Space was located in the attic of a student dormitory, and\n the division prepared the papers for long-term storage by\n removing them from the old letter boxes in which they had\n arrived. Each bundle of papers was placed between sheets of\n gray, newspaper-storage cardboard sheets; the spine titles of\n the old letter boxes were copied onto the cardboard sheets,\n and the bundle was wrapped in brown paper, tied up with\n string, and numbered in a coded sequence.","The collections remained in the attic of Lefevre House\n until the fall of 1976 when, after the receipt of a grant from\n the National Endowment for the Humanities for the processing\n of the two collections, they were transported to the Alderman\n Library building once more In the Library's receiving room,\n the bundles were cleaned in the dust hood, untied and\n unwrapped, and the contents transferred into gray, Hollinger\n storage boxes before transfer into the storage areas of the\n Manuscripts Department for processing. The coded numbers on\n the bundles were recorded but proved to be of no use in\n restoring order to the papers, badly out of sequence from\n their many moves over the years. Nor did the spine titles and\n dates from the original letters boxes prove to be of any\n particular use in organizing the collection.","Once processing work was completed at the end of the summer\n of 1978, the Stone Papers were transferred back to the\n dormitory attic as space in the Alderman Library building\n remained short, and it was felt that adequate service on the\n Stone Papers could be maintained from the attic now that a\n guide to the papers had been prepared. (N.B. The Stone papers\n were removed from the dormitory attic and transferred to the\n University Library's high-density remote storage facility\n following its opening in the mid-1990s.)","The word \"organization\" is used here with considerable\n diffidence, for any researcher studying the lists of box\n contents that follow will realize quickly that there is no\n organization in the usual sense of the word.","As previously noted, the Stone papers were subjected to a\n number of moves before processing began, and, unfortunately,\n there seems to have been little organization of the papers in\n Mr. Stone's files in his Roanoke office. Presumably, he and\n his staff could locate material that was needed from the\n files, but at the time that processing began in the fall of\n 1976, no discernible scheme of organization could be\n determined.","The first step was to review the series of coded numbers\n placed on the bundles of papers before they were moved to the\n dormitory attic, but these did not provide any sort of useful\n organization. Next, the spine titles of the original letter\n boxes were reviewed (they had been copied onto the gray\n cardboard sheets before the move to the dormitory attic), but\n they, too, proved useless.","These steps having provided no scheme, and after a\n considerable hiatus due to a turnover in student processors on\n the collection, the new student processors were instructed to\n begin a box-by-box inventory of the contents of the\n collection. During this inventory, old folders were replaced\n with acid-free ones, and the original folder headings were\n copied onto the new ones. Some removal of papers clips was\n accomplished, and the materials were reviewed and notes were\n taken for the guide.","The processors found that Mr. Stone's papers were comprised\n of three series. One was devoted to his personal affairs, and\n contained material about his diverse business interests\n outside his two major ones, and about his civic and\n professional interests, as well as papers from his private\n life. The second series contained the papers from his major\n business and \"first love\" the Stone Printing and Manufacturing\n Company of Roanoke; and the third series included a wealth of\n material about the Borderland Coal Company, an enterprise that\n Mr. Stone served for twenty-seven years, first as president\n and later, as chairman of the board.","For a long time, we considered separating the three series\n of papers, and the processors evolved a good system of colored\n slips clipped to the boxes to identify material from each\n series contained in a box. However, as they neared the end of\n their inventory, the processors became convinced, and argued\n successfully that the series should not be separated.\n Basically, all these papers are Mr. Stone's private papers as\n he was the major stockholder in the Stone Printing Company and\n it was very much a personal operation. There are\n interrelationships between material that was found standing in\n different folders in the same box, and the processors\n correctly feared that drastic reorganization would destroy\n those relationships. Thus, we decided to accept their\n argument, and the box contents were allowed to remain as we\n found them.","A certain amount of movement of boxes within the collection\n probably would ease use of it. But what processing was\n accomplished on this project took far longer than had been\n anticipated, and there was no time in the late spring of 1978,\n when the processors had to complete their work with the\n project, to undertake a mass movement of material. Thus, they\n stand in the order in which we found them at the beginning of\n the project.","As has been stated above, the three series of papers in\n this collection (Stone Personal; Borderland Coal Co.; and\n Stone Printing and Mfg. Co.) have not been physically\n separated and are scattered throughout the collection.\n However, in the container listing which follows the three\n series have been separated. Therefore, the listing for the\n Edward L. Stone Personal Papers series begins with Box 11 of\n the collection because that is the first box in which Stone's\n personal papers can be found. (Boxes 1-10 appear in the\n listing for the Borderland Coal Co. series.) This also means\n that if a box contains material from more than one series it\n will have more than one entry in the listing, so that to find\n a complete listing of a particular box a researcher might need\n to look at the listing for each of the three series. In\n addition, some of the box entries in the listing are slightly\n out of order, so that if a box appears to have no entry or\n only a partial entry, in a particular series the entry is\n sometimes picked up on the next page of the listing.","Listings of oversize material are located at the end of the\n listing for each series.","Biography of Edward L. Stone Edward Lee Stone was born on September 15, 1864, in\n Liberty (now Bedford) Virginia, the son of John Harmon Stone\n and Mary Witt Stone. He was reared in very modest\n circumstances, and received no more than an elementary school\n education, yet he became one of the wealthiest and most\n prominent citizens in the state of Virginia.","Edward Stone's career in the printing business is typical\n of the fabled American dream. At ten years of age, having\n recently lost his father, Stone was in the boys' playground of\n his school. J. R. Guy, the editor of the Bedford Sentinel\n newspaper, came to the playground looking for William Fellers,\n Stone's cousin. When Stone asked Mr. Guy what he wanted with\n William, Guy replied \"I want him to carry the papers. Stone\n said, \"I'll carry 'em' for you.\" After being a delivery boy\n for the Sentinel, Stone learned to set type and worked\n evenings after school for five cents an evening; twenty-five\n cents on Saturday. Less than a year later, economics\n necessitated that he quit school to pursue his job full time.\n Stone learned his lessons well, and showed enthusiasm in every\n phase of his work. Young Stone worked alongside a window, and\n enjoyed nothing better than to jump out into the street and\n scrap with some passing youngster, returning to his duties\n after the fun was over.","Stone was given more and more duties which he performed to\n this employer's total satisfaction. At the age of sixteen, for\n some now-inexplicable reason, Stone left the newspaper\n business to work for a mercantile establishment, He soon grew\n bored, however, and returned to printer's ink. This time he\n worked for the Democrat, a weekly newspaper in Buchanan,\n Virginia, then a thriving town at the intersection of the\n James River and the Kanawha Canal.","Once, at the age of sixteen, Stone was entrusted with\n getting out an entire edition of the paper by himself. The\n editor was in court and many workmen were out sick. Stone and\n an assistant set type at breakneck speed beginning at 7:15\n A.M. and had the entire seven-column paper completed by noon\n --an amazing feat. Stone was out playing ball by 2 P.M. and\n earned a $5.00 bonus from his boss, editor William J. Boyd. In\n 1882, Boyd informed Stone that he was going to open a printing\n office in Roanoke, Virginia, then a small town. Boyd wanted\n Stone to be manager, and on July 20th, 1882, both men arrived\n in Roanoke. A place could not be found for the new enterprise\n however, and both returned to Buchanan. Stone became\n disillusioned with the small scope of opportunities Buchanan\n provided, and, with an ambition to \"become somebody\" in the\n printing business, set out for Lynchburg. Landing in Lynchburg\n in January 1883 he applied for work on the News and, after a\n few days, secured a position as compositor. Here he remained\n until March, achieving considerable reputation as a fast\n compositor, yet not satisfied. Stone really longed for a\n position in the printing business. John P. Bell offered Stone\n a minor position in a branch office he had planned to open in\n Roanoke. The position was, in most respects, inferior to the\n one he had already held, but Stone gladly took it. He worked\n hard, and showed superior business ability which impressed Mr.\n Bell so much that when the manager of the business died in\n 1885 his position was offered to Stone. The position was not\n offered without some misgivings because of Stone's youth (he\n was only twenty-one) and his lack of business experience.\n Stone, however, did such a good job as manager that Bell\n realized that he had made the right choice. Stone eventually\n gained control of the business and became president of the\n company.","His position was secure enough that in 1890, he married\n Miss Minnie Fishburn, daughter of J. A. Fishburn, a prominent\n business man of Roanoke. The couple had one child, Mary\n Katherine Stone.","Edward Stone's printing business grew in size and wealth.\n By 1920 it was acknowledged by many to be the best-equipped\n printing corporation in the south, and one of the largest as\n well. He had many other business interests. He was president\n of the Borderland Coal Corporation, president of the Virginia\n Bridge and Iron Company, vice president and later president of\n the Walker Foundry and Machine Company, chairman of the First\n National Exchange Bank, and president of his primary business\n and \"first love,\" the Stone Printing and Manufacturing\n Company.","In March 1896 Stone was presented with a petition signed by\n fourteen Roanoke business men requesting that he run for\n mayor. Stone was very tempted, but a law stating that no one\n in Roanoke public office would be permitted to do business\n with the city stopped him. Stone felt that not being able to\n do business with the city would be unfair to his stockholders.\n Stone, a civic-minded individual, was chairman of the Roanoke\n Community Fund in 1924, and of the City Planning and Zoning\n Commission. He was also chairman of the war bond committee\n during the First World War, and belonged to many societies and\n organizations, including the American Institute of Graphic\n Arts, the Florida State Historical Society, the Shenandoah\n Club of Roanoke, the Country Club of Roanoke, the Roanoke Gun\n Club, the Roanoke German Club, the Virginia Historical Society\n (life member), the Better Printing Committee of the United\n Typothetae of America, the Roanoke Rotary Club, the\n International Benjamin Franklin Society of New York, and the\n board of trustees of the Committee to Assist the Blind.","Edward Stone was also an extremely charitable man. He gave\n large sums of money to the Roanoke Hospital and the Roanoke\n Relief Fund, helped endow Roanoke College, gave heavily to the\n Boy Scouts and the War Relief Clearing House, and donated\n money to the Coal Miner's Relief Fund--even though it was\n those very coal miners who were striking in Stone's coal\n mines. He believed, however, that the miners' children should\n not have to suffer for their parents' stand. The Stones also\n gave money to support French children who had been left\n fatherless as a result of the war. Stone, a Presbyterian,\n donated $100.00 to the Jewish Relief Fund in 1917 to aid the\n starving Jews in Russia displaced by the war, and also sent\n funds to the Tuskeegee Institute.","Edward Stone's principal hobby was book collecting, and his\n library was appraised at $50,000.00 in 1939. Among his\n treasured pieces was a page from the original Gutenberg Bible.\n Stone's library was considered to be the largest and\n best-equipped privately-owned library in the state of\n Virginia.","Stone's income fluctuated through the years. In 1917 and\n 1918, partly through stock sales, Stone declared an income of\n $129,383.39 and $91,483.00 respectively, but 1926 was\n considered an average year, and he declared an income of\n $57,500.00.","Although Stone was a humanitarian and philanthropist, he\n believed in keeping total control of his business and watched\n his employees closely. He did not strongly oppose unionization\n in his printing shop, but fully opposed unionization in his\n coal mines, even using scabs to break strikes.","Stone suffered financial reversals during the Great\n Depression but he reorganized his holdings to prevent a great\n loss, and he weathered the Depression better than most\n businessmen. His health had begun to fail by 1929, and by 1934\n he was virtually bedridden. Finally, after a protracted\n illness, Edward L. Stone died on June 3, 1938, at the age of\n seventy-four.","A History of the Borderland Coal\n Company The Borderland Coal Company derived its name from its\n dual location in Mingo County, West Virginia, and Pike County,\n Kentucky, an area bordered by the Tug Fork of the Big Sandy\n River. The mines proper were located in Kentucky, and the coal\n washers and other processing equipment were located in West\n Virginia. The company operated from 1903 to 1934. While the\n Borderland Coal Company was incorporated in 1903, the first\n batch of coal was not shipped until September 1, 1904. In that\n year J. S. Tipton, formerly the majority stockholder, resigned\n his post as general manager of Borderland Coal and sold most\n of his stock to Edward L. Stone. At that time Stone was\n president of the Young Men's Investment Club which owned a\n large number of shares in the Borderland Coal Company, and\n thus, Stone controlled the club's activities.","The Borderland Coal Company initially owned approximately\n 1,000 acres of coal land. The company mined bituminous or soft\n coal, and sold slack coal, used by railroads and industrial\n concerns, egg coal, used in private furnaces, and nut coal,\n the highest quality of bituminous coal, used in the kitchens\n of private homes.","The Borderland Coal Company grew through the early 1900's.\n In 1905, a second plant was opened called simply \"Operation\n #2.\" The company declared its first stock dividend in November\n 1907, and began the construction of an electric plant,\n cableway, conveyor, and tipple at a cost of $27,950.00. In\n 1908 a new coal washer was installed. By late 1914 the\n Borderland Company held 3,000 acres of coal lands containing\n an estimated 20,000,000 tons of coal. The profits of the\n Borderland Coal Company increased from $1,250.00 in 1904 to\n $11,243.77 in 1905, to $49,977.21 in 1908, and to $110,532.68\n in 1910.","The amount of coal mined increased from 246 railroad\n carloads in 1904 to 3,781 railroad carloads in 1910, and\n expansion continued until the outbreak of World War I. The\n coal paid a regular annual dividend averaging 15-30%. Prior to\n 1911, the Leckie Coal Company of Cleveland, Ohio, was the\n exclusive agency for the sale of Borderland Coal. In that\n year, however, the Borderland Coal Sales Company was formed,\n with officers of the Borderland Coal Company doubling as\n officials of the new company.","The town of Borderland, West Virginia, was a company town,\n with company-owned homes, stores, school, and a church. The\n rents in the company homes appear to have been within the\n miners' incomes. The prices in the company stores, however,\n were exorbitant. In fact, profits for the company store were\n the second biggest money maker for the company in 1911,\n totaling $11,811.78. The largest profit maker was coal, which\n netted $91,741.07, while the sale of powder was ranked third,\n totaling $3,165.86.","World War I created a great demand and a high prices for\n coal, and the Borderland Coal Company prospered despite\n difficulty finding railroad cars to transport its produce. In\n 1917, the company paid a record 60% dividend. On January 1,\n 1918, the company re-chartered itself in Virginia, and\n patented the trademark and the name of the Borderland Coal\n Company. The new capital stock was valued at nearly\n $800,000.00. In November 1918 construction began on a new\n tipple at a cost of $116,000.00. After the First World War,\n the Borderland Coal Company experienced a decrease in both the\n demand and the price of coal. The problem of labor and\n unionization, however, ultimately caused the company's\n demise.","Borderland Coal Company officials had been concerned over\n the growth of coal mine unionization long before any major\n trouble began. As early as 1915, L. E. Armentrout, the\n corporation's Vice President and General Manager began using\n \"secret service men\" to infiltrate the ranks of the miners and\n report on any union activity. It is not known whether these\n agents were U.S. government agents or private investigators,\n but the latter is presumed. One of them reported on March 10,\n 1915:","I spent the entire day Monday with Emmett and Ed McKee,\n Gus Cantrell, and Henry McKnight, all white Americans. We\n played cards in an empty house on the Kentucky side. We had\n a nice fire and everything was very comfortable. We would\n play cards until we got tired, then we would stop\n everything and talk unionism. Gus Cantrell said that he had\n been talking to the boys for the last year, trying to get\n them to organize a local of the U.M.W. of A. He said that\n there was plenty of good, solid union men and that there\n were also a lot of rotten scabs here. That he got into a\n conversation with George McCormick, a white man, and\n McCormick told him that he didn't believe in the union and\n that he didn't want anything to do with the U.M.W. of A. .\n . . I told Cantrell that I would be willing to help\n organize the local. He said, \"Well, the work is picking up\n now and we will wait until the boys get a good pay day,\n then we will put this thing through.\"","Borderland Coal Company successfully resisted unionization\n in the years before World War I. Wartime regulations prevented\n strikes and hindered unionization, but after the war many\n miners felt that it was time to air their grievances. Miners\n disagreed over specific demands, but most felt that grave\n inequalities existed in the rates for day workers established\n by the Bituminous Coal Commission. The miners requested that a\n conference be held but this request was turned down by the\n Commission. Dissatisfaction became more pronounced, and during\n the middle of July 1920 the miners in some of the subdistricts\n walked out in an unauthorized strike. Shutdowns spread to\n Indiana and Illinois. President Woodrow Wilson intervened and\n told the miners that if they returned to work a grievance\n committee would be formed. The miners returned to work August\n 10, 1920, and the committee was set up. Management and labor\n agreed on a wage increase and all was quiet for a while.","West Virginia was in a unique position in that most of the\n mines in that state were non-union. The Interstate Commerce\n Commission fixed freight rates with a \"differential\" low\n enough that West Virginia coal would not be eliminated by\n production from other fields closer to their market. When the\n market for coal was good, the differential also allowed the\n union coal fields of Indiana, Michigan, and Illinois to pay\n the union scale of wages and still sell their coal in\n competition with the product of non-union fields, such as\n those in West Virginia. When the demand for coal was low and\n prices receded, however, the differential no longer aided the\n union fields and they began to experience an adverse effect.\n These conditions appeared after the First World War, and as a\n result operators of unionized mines demanded the unionization\n of the Wast Virginia coal fields. Thus the U.M.W. put pressure\n on all non-union fields, including those of the Borderland\n Coal Company. Borderland Coal Company had been fairly quiet\n about unionization up to this time. On May 5, 1920, however,\n L. E. Armentrout had issued the following notice:","TO THE PRESENT OR FUTURE EMPLOYEES OF THE BORDERLAND\n COAL COMPANY \n Considerable efforts are being made to organize this\n field and certain advantages are being held out to some men\n showing the advisability of belonging to the Union. \n This is a free country and this company is not going\n to dictate to its employees whether they shall or shall not\n join the Union, but for your information and for the\n information of your friends, we wish to state positively\n that no Union man will be employed by this company, and if\n you find that it is to your interest to join the Union, we\n would suggest that you arrange to move out and call at the\n office and we will be glad to settle with you. This will\n save you as well as the company further trouble, but we\n sincerely hope that the pleasant relations between the\n Company and the men will continue, and that each and every\n one of you will continue in our employ. \n Yours very truly, \n L. E. Armentrout, \n Manager \n ","By late May, 1920 the situation had become acute.\n Armentrout wrote to James P. Woods, president of the\n Borderland Coal Company:","The organizers have just about put us out of business at\n both plants . . . We have a good many men who have not\n joined the Union, but these agitators are intimidating them\n and have them so scared they won't attempt to try to work.\n I will have a conference with the West Virginia attorneys\n today to see if I cannot get a temporary injunction, or\n probably prosecution for these intimidators. \n We have three Deputy Sheriffs in Kentucky and expect\n two more in today. We have both plants pretty well policed\n at night, but still some of the intimidators slip through\n the mines and get to some of the men. . . \n Now that the primary is over, we believe that\n Unionism will die out. . . . In fact, no Union cards have\n been issued and for the past two or three days they have\n not been able to locate the man who has been giving them\n orders on the stores. Some of them (the fired Union Men)\n have already remarked that they could not support their\n families on $7.00 to $8.00 a week, and they hated to go to\n bed at night when their children were crying for something\n to eat.","Unionism, however, did not die out. Union \"agitators\" saw\n to that no coal could be mined at the Borderland Company's\n coal fields. In a letter to Stone dated July 6, 1920,\n Armentrout stated that he was able to get \"very little action\n from the Governor of West Virginia. . .I just finished talking\n to Governor Morrow's office in Frankfort, Kentucky, and the\n home guards will likely entrain today. They will likely have\n machine guns so if that they get in according to promise, we\n think that conditions will improve very rapidly.\"","The Borderland Coal Company kept its promise and\n dispossessed hundreds of its employees. Fired from their jobs\n and ousted from their homes, they were forced to live in\n tents. In a union pamphlet entitled \"Borderland and Bullets\"\n these men told of the horrible indignities forced on company\n employees who joined the union. The purpose of the pamphlet\n was to oppose the re-election of Colonel James P. Woods,\n president of the Borderland Coal Company, to the U. S. House\n of Representatives. Woods ran for re-election in the sixth\n Virginia district claiming that he had been always fair to the\n working man, and he won.","The situation at Borderland soon deteriorated into\n violence. A pamphlet dated \"winter, 1920\" and entitled \n Hell with the Lid Off in Mingo\n County, West Virginia, gives an account of drunken\n company guards wounding a number of workers by firing into\n their tents. On May 12, 1920, Edward Stone, chairman of the\n board of the Borderland Coal Company, had examined an\n advertisement for the Thompson sub-machine gun but had decided\n that \"the gun is not sufficient for our needs at the mine.\" On\n May 16 Governor John J. Cornwell of West Virginia sent a\n telegram to the War Department in Washington requesting that\n Federal troops be sent to the Tug River District, where\n Borderland Coal Company was located. There had been fighting\n in the Tug River District for nearly four days. Secretary of\n War John Weeks, basing his decision on reports from one of his\n staff officers who had visited the area, decided that federal\n troops were not needed. Four days later Governor Cornwell\n declared martial law in West Virginia. Militiamen from both\n Kentucky and West Virginia were involved in the fighting.","In the summer of 1921 the U. M. W. began its famous \"summer\n march\" which precipitated guerilla warfare between the\n pro-union and anti-union forces. On June 29, Governor Cornwell\n ordered the citizens of West Virginia to take up arms and\n defend themselves against the pro-unionists. The papers of the\n Borderland Coal Company include lists of casualties written on\n scrap paper, such as \"Stone Mountain, 5 Baldwin men and 4\n citizens killed (one the mayor), 2 Feltz Bros. killed, 2\n military companies there, 2 on the way.\" In April 1922 the\n coal miners' grievances came to a head and they struck. They\n demanded a continuation of the system of bargaining and\n contract, including the \"checkoff,\" which is a list devised to\n check on payment of union dues. In addition to demanding\n stable wage rates, the miners demanded a six-hour day and a\n five-day week. These increased hours would mean steady\n employment, one of the miners' main goals.","The strike apparently took some pressure off the Borderland\n Coal Company because after 1922 there is little or nothing in\n the collection regarding unionization. Company officials had\n managed to avoid unionization of their mines but had caused\n the company much damage in the process. Bitter feelings\n prevailed after the strike. A letter from L. E. Armentrout to\n the Borderland Coal Company dated 1923 states:","Gentlemen, \n My attention has just been called to the enclosed\n blotter bearing the union label. It has been the policy of\n this company for several years, in fact, ever since we have\n been in business, not to recognize any Union whatever. We\n spent, or lost, something like $300,000.00 fighting the\n United Mine Workers here in 1920 and 1921, and also have\n some injunctions against them. \n For your information, please do not place any more\n printing with any Union shop, and if you have any more of\n these blotters, tear them up or dispose of them otherwise\n as it is inconsistent with our policy, and we positively\n will not stand for it.","While much of the collection regards labor struggles, there\n is little material regarding immigrant labor although 40% of\n the workers were immigrants. West Virginia was a sparsely\n populated state at this time, and immigrants were needed to\n supplement the labor in their mines. The first constitution of\n the state provided for the appointment of an immigration\n officer whose duties were to advertise the attractions of West\n Virginia throughout Europe and make arrangements with\n industries to supply transportation for foreign workmen. Of\n the 80,877 workers employed in the West Virginia coal mines in\n 1915, 49,753 were American-born (37,918 white and 11,835\n black) and 31,124 were foreign-born. Italians made up the\n largest percentage of the immigrant labor force, about one\n third of all foreigners employed in the mines while Hungarians\n comprised the second-most prevalent nationality, approximately\n one-sixth of the foreign born total.","The Borderland Coal Company never fully recovered from the\n trouble that paralyzed its mines in 1920. The 1920's were a\n very depressed period for the mining industry in general and\n the depression of 1929 brought prices to an all time low. Coal\n production fell precipitously from 1927-1933 although there\n seemed to be a slight upturn that year. In 1927, L. E.\n Armentrout resigned from the company and a year later the\n Borderland Coal Sales Company was dissolved due to lack of\n business. The Norfolk and Chesapeake Coal Company became\n exclusive agents for the sale of Borderland coal. At a meeting\n of the Borderland Coal Company's board of directors in 1929,\n it was stated that since the market for coal was so poor, it\n hardly paid to keep the mines going. The Borderland Coal\n Company mines were only worked four days during the entire\n month of May 1932. In a letter from Edward L. Stone to a\n Borderland Coal Company creditor, Stone wrote that as the\n Borderland Coal Company did not have the money to pay its\n debts, all creditors would have to wait for their money, and\n that he hoped that he could avoid declaring the Borderland\n Coal Company bankrupt. In 1934 Stone received a letter from a\n stockholder consoling him for having to \"lose Borderland\n Coal.\" Apparently the company was then out of business.","The demise of the Borderland Coal Company was the result of\n broad national trends; the product of their mines was of high\n quality, and in good supply. The problem of labor and\n unionization paralyzed the Borderland Coal Company. Lack of\n production in the mines meant that the Borderland Coal Company\n could not pay dividends which affected their stockholders. The\n bad mining conditions, a lack of demand for coal and low\n market prices made it impossible for the Borderland Coal\n Company to recover. The return of the coal-rich region of\n Alsace-Lorraine to France meant that our allies no longer\n needed American coal. Domestic demand increased, but it did\n not compensate for decreased industrial use. The switch to\n alternative forms of energy such as oil, also damaged the coal\n industry. Although prosperity returned to the rest of the\n country, the coal industry never totally recovered, and the\n Borderland Coal Company was one of the victims.","Officers of the Borderland Coal Company: Edward Lee Stone\n --President ca. 1907-1919, Chairman of the Board 1919-ca.\n 1934; James P. Woods (attorney at law --U. S. Representative,\n 6th Virginia District) --Vice President ca. 1905-1922,\n President 1922-1932; L. E. Armentrout --Manager ca. 1905-1915,\n Vice President and Manager ca. 1915-1927; Ernest B. Fishburn\n --Secretary-Treasurer ca. 1905-1930","Officers of the Borderland Coal Sales Company: L. E.\n Armentrout --President; Edward Lee Stone --Vice President;\n James P. Woods --second Vice President; R. N. Osborne,\n Jr.--Secretary (discharged in 1924); W. W.\n Austin--Secretary.","A History of the Stone Printing and\n Manufacturing Company The Stone Printing and Manufacturing Company of Roanoke,\n Virginia, was established in 1883 as the Bell Printing and\n Manufacturing Company. John P. Bell of Lynchburg served as\n president, and Samuel J. Fields of Abington, Virginia, served\n as manager. Edward L. Stone, the eventual chairman of the\n board, was then employed as a journeyman printer and pressman.\n In 1885, Stone succeeded Fields as the company's manager, and\n his brother, Albert A. Stone, joined the business.","At this time the company occupied a small site on Commerce\n Street in Roanoke, an area about twenty by twenty-five feet.\n In 1889 the plant was seriously damaged by fire, and within a\n few months, the company moved to larger quarters on the second\n and third floors of the Gale Building on Jefferson Street.\n Shortly thereafter, the controlling interest was purchased by\n Edward L. Stone, with the remainder of the stock being\n purchased by J. B. Fishburn and Albert A. Stone.","In 1892, the name of the company was changed to the Stone\n Printing and Manufacturing Company, and the company occupied a\n new, three-story building at 116 North Jefferson Street. In\n 1896, a duplicate building was added on the north side; in a\n few years another addition was placed at the rear. The company\n built another addition in 1902 but five years later the old\n structure was torn down and a new two-stories building, 210 x\n 110 feet, was completed. The new structure gave the Stone\n Printing Company 50,000 square feet of space, which is about\n 100 times the floor space originally occupied on Commerce\n Street. The company today occupies the same site on Jefferson\n Street.","In 1883 the capital stock of the company was $5,000.00, and\n in 1900, it was increased to $50,000.00. In 1910 the capital\n stock had grown to $350,000.00. All of the stock increases\n were taken, with one exception, by the original stockholders.\n Sales grew from $84,371.00 in 1900 to $179,433.78 in 1905, and\n from $253,781.15 in 1909 to a high of $608,174.36 in 1920.","Stone had considered selling his printing company to a\n British syndicate in 1912. He felt, however, that business was\n good and getting better and eventually decided to retain\n control. By 1920 the Stone Printing Company had customers in\n half the states in the union and in some foreign countries.\n Between 1920 and 1929, however, sales showed a steady decline.\n In 1929 they fell to $399,701.43 and declined throughout the\n depression.","The Stone Printing Company's most important business came\n from railroads as the company printed tariff and rate\n schedules as well as tickets. Since the railroad rates changed\n rapidly during the early 1900's, railroad printing was very\n lucrative. The principal railroad customer and in fact, the\n largest customer, of the Stone Printing Company was the\n Norfolk and Western Railroad. In 1910 the Norfolk and Western\n Railroad accounted for $85,652.60 in sales. Combined with the\n sales to other railroads in 1910, the total of railroad sales\n was approximately $193,000.00 of a total of $339,678.92 --well\n over half of the total sales of the Stone Printing\n Company.","Commercial printing comprised the second largest source of\n the Stone Printing Company's business, accounting for\n $135,110.32 of a total $608,174.36 in 1920. The fourth largest\n amount of business, after the Norfolk and Western Railway,\n other railroads, and commercial printing, was school and\n college printing. The Stone Printing Company printed the\n yearbooks for the University of Virginia, the Georgia\n Institute of Technology, the University of Mississippi,\n Randolph-Macon College, Hollins College, Virginia Polytechnic\n Institute, and others.","The profit margin in printing often was small, and thus\n costs had to be carefully controlled. Edward L. Stone was a\n commissioner of the American Printers Cost Commission which\n kept a close watch on printing costs and tried to keep them\n down. Another serious problem that bothered Stone Printing\n Company was unionization. As most Roanoke printing shops,\n Stone Printing Company was an open shop where either union or\n non-union people could be employed. The company's officers did\n not penalize or prevent workers from joining the union. The\n International Typographical Union, however, put pressure on\n Edward Stone to turn his establishment into a closed shop,\n that is, a shop that would hire only union members, pay union\n wages, and abide by union rules. Paying union wages did not\n trouble Stone because he already paid more than the union\n scale in most cases. For example, in 1905 when the union scale\n was $13.50 per week, Stone pointed out that while two of his\n employees received less and one received the union wage, over\n forty workers received between $15.00 and $25.00 per week.\n Stone felt it folly to pay all workers the same because, he\n said, \"some are so much better than others.\"","Edward Stone's paternalistic attitude toward his employees\n is reflected in a collection of letters exchanged with his\n workers. Forced to fire an employee who lied about being able\n to work on a printing press, Stone lent him the money to go to\n printing school, and re-hired him when he had learned the\n trade. Another worker left the company without notice, heading\n home to Lexington, Virginia. When the employee needed money to\n return to Roanoke, Stone lent it to him with the understanding\n that the employee would never again leave without asking\n Stone's permission. Another employee left Stone without notice\n to work for another printing firm, but when the employee\n wanted his old job back, Stone gave it to him. Stone\n frequently lent money to his employees, and did not press them\n for repayment.","Many of the union's rules, however bothered Stone. Among\n the ones he objected to were (1) in all cases when it became\n necessary to reduce the working force of an office, the last\n person hired should be the first dropped; (2) in machine\n composition, all work must be time work and no piece work\n should be allowed; (3) no member of the International\n Typographical Union should engage in a speed contest either by\n hand composition or on machines, and violation of this rule\n was to be punished by a fine of not less than $25.00, or by\n suspension; (4) an eight hour day (Stone Printing had a 9 to\n 9-1/2 hour day); and (5) no one holding active membership in a\n local union should sign any individual or private contract\n with any employer, agreeing to work for any stated time,\n length, or conditions as the union alone was to have the power\n to contract for conditions, wages, and hours. This fifth\n stipulation bothered Stone the most for he firmly believed\n that an employee should perform whatever duty Stone demanded\n of him.","On November 20, 1907, there was a union strike in Roanoke.\n The union men employed by the Stone Printing Company walked\n out, and the union formed a picket line in front of the Stone\n Printing Company. Stone wrote to Joel Cuthin, Mayor of\n Roanoke: \"We have never been opposed to the union, but we have\n objected to having them run our business, unless they acquired\n it by ownership.\" The union put pressure on the Stone Printing\n Company. A memo to Edward Stone from Albert Stone dated 1915\n told of some Stone Printing Company material being returned by\n certain Roanoke merchants because they did not bear the union\n label. The amount of material returned, however, was very\n small. The union pressure placed on Stone was generally\n peaceful and there was no violence or destruction. After the\n unsuccessful strike, Stone took back all of his union men.","After 1920 the company's sales and profits declined. In\n 1927, Albert Stone, who had assumed the presidency of the\n company, commissioned Ernst and Ernst, financial analysts, to\n examine the operation of Stone Printing and make\n recommendations for improving business. The analysts found\n Stone Printing to be an innovative company which sought and\n found new markets such as school and college printing and the\n printing of calendars, and which had sound leadership. Ernst\n and Ernst felt that it was a change in economic conditions,\n not the company itself, that caused the company's problems.\n Competition had changed and grown in intensity by 1920, making\n the ability to sell most important. The analysts recommended\n the creation of a sales department coupled with more\n aggressive selling techniques.","Later, Albert Stone, Jr., Edward Stone's nephew, claimed\n that it was the reluctance of the Stone Printing Company to\n cut prices during the depression of 1919-1922 that caused the\n company's problems. He claimed that by the time the company\n did cut its prices, Stone Printing had lost many of its most\n valued customers, and suggested a closer watch of costs\n coupled with an expansion of the calendar line. Although these\n suggestions were followed, business did not improve.","When the Great Depression hit in 1929, business worsened.\n Loyal customers and a solid financial base kept the Stone\n Printing Company from bankruptcy. Edward Stone's health was\n failing by 1929, and most of the company's affairs were passed\n on to his brother Albert. In a letter from Edward Stone to the\n board of directors in 1930, he wrote: \n the years operations to date, with vastly improved\n selling efforts, has only brought us the same volume of\n business that we had last year but the increased\n organization expense, incident to this extra selling\n effort, and the extraordinary competition in the matter of\n price, has prevented us from obtaining prices that we\n should really obtain for our products. Edward Stone recommended a reduction in salaries\n across the board from the president on down, and layoffs of\n certain personnel.","When Franklin D. Roosevelt first initiated his New Deal\n program in 1933, Edward Stone was apprehensive. In a letter\n dated July 26, 1933, he wrote: \n We would like the best in the world to go along with the\n National Industrial Recovery Act, and be able to wire\n President Roosevelt an affirmative reply in connection with\n the agreement addressed \"To Every Employer.\" \n But to do so, with my modest knowledge of economics,\n would mean arbitrary action on our part, with a \"blind\n faith\" that we do not possess. \n If we still further reduce the working hours to 35\n per week (as the New Deal suggested) the increased cost of\n production reaches the geometric progression stage, with\n the result that our losses on current contracts, which we\n see no way of passing along to our customers until we would\n actually see no way of meeting our payroll or meeting our\n bills, would mean disaster. \n Listening in over the radio last night I understand\n that 5,000 or more telegrams had been received by the\n President indicating unconditional acceptance of the\n Agreement. It is quite possible that we should do likewise,\n regardless, just as we offered ourselves, body and\n resources, in wartime. \n I am giving expression to these thoughts even though\n I feel the \"patriotic\" thing for us to do may be to go\n ahead, \"blindly,\" and in spite of our objections or reasons\n for not doing so, and sign the agreement. \n Very Sincerely, \n Edward L. Stone \n Chairman of the Board Clearly, Stone expected no miracles, but he went\n along with the N.I.R.A. and generally supported Roosevelt.\n There are references to increasing business by 1937.\n Correspondence ends the following year with Edward Stone's\n death. The Stone Printing Company, however, is in business to\n this very day.","These papers fill 455 special four-inch Hollinger storage\n boxes (ca. 150 linear feet) and span the years 1895-1937.\n There are three major series: Edward L. Stone's papers re his\n personal life and diversified business, professional, and\n civic concerns; papers concerned with his principal business,\n the Stone Printing and Manufacturing Company of Roanoke,\n Virginia; and those papers concerned with the Borderland Coal\n Company of West Virginia and Kentucky of which Stone was the\n principal officer for many years. Because these series\n basically are composed of Stone's personal papers, and because\n there are interrelationships between material in one series\n and that in another, the series have been maintained in the\n boxes in the order in which they were found.","The papers are rich in material for many types of studies.\n Because Stone's major concern was his printing business, there\n is a great amount of material about that business, its labor\n problems, economic problems, its professional associations,\n relationships with its customers --especially the railroads\n --and so on. Because Mr. Stone collected medieval manuscripts\n and examples of fine printing that formed a great private\n library, there is, in his personal papers, a good deal of\n correspondence and material about this special interest. His\n personal papers also contain considerable material about his\n diversified business and civic interests. And the records of\n the Borderland Coal Company--which Mr. Stone operated either\n as president or as chairman of the board for twenty-seven\n years--are rich in information concerning this vital industry,\n its periods of economic success and decline, its relationships\n with the railroads that moved its products, and its labor\n problems.","All items listed below are blueprints.","All items listed below are blueprints.","All items listed below are blueprints.","See the \n \n University of Virginia Library’s use policy.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["382"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Edward L. Stone/Borderland Coal Company Papers \n \n 1895-1937"],"collection_title_tesim":["Edward L. Stone/Borderland Coal Company Papers \n \n 1895-1937"],"collection_ssim":["Edward L. Stone/Borderland Coal Company Papers \n \n 1895-1937"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Before his death in 1938, the University of Virginia\n Library had been negotiating with Edward L. Stone for the\n purchase of his library. Mr. Stone had donated a number of\n fine books, and some manuscripts, to the University of\n Virginia Library, and its staff knew the value of his fine\n private library. The tentative purchase price settled upon\n was low principally because Mr. Stone wished his library to\n remain intact. Unfortunately, Mr. Stone died before\n negotiations were complete, but the Library concluded the\n sale with his heirs in August 1938. As a result of this\n purchase, the Stone Printing and Manufacturing Company of\n Roanoke presented to the Library the files of\n correspondence and other papers both of Mr. Stone's\n extensive business interests and of his personal affairs.\n The collection consisted of 207 letter boxes and\n twenty-five \"large packing cases\" when it arrived at the\n Library on August 11, 1939."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["This collection\n consists of approximately 500,000 items."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eStored off-site. Users must request boxes 48 hours in advance of desired use. Neither drop-in nor next-day requests can be fulfilled. For additional information, contact Special Collections. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Stored off-site. Users must request boxes 48 hours in advance of desired use. Neither drop-in nor next-day requests can be fulfilled. For additional information, contact Special Collections. \n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAfter arrival at the University, the collection was placed\n in the stack areas of the then division of Rare Books and\n Manuscripts of the Library, and was shelved in close proximity\n to another large collection received only a year before, that\n of the Low Moor Iron Company. The two comprised the largest\n group of material in the division at the time, a group that,\n unfortunately, was rarely used by researchers as there were no\n finding aids to the mass, and interested researchers were\n intimidated by the problems of research in the papers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collections remained in the stacks until 1958 when\n expansion space in the division's storage area was reduced to\n a minimum by the successful collecting program of the\n intervening years. A review of the collections and their use\n showed that the Stone collection and the Low Moor Iron Company\n papers were rarely consulted, and it was decided to move them\n out of the division's quarters to provide storage space for\n collections that were being used by researchers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSpace was located in the attic of a student dormitory, and\n the division prepared the papers for long-term storage by\n removing them from the old letter boxes in which they had\n arrived. Each bundle of papers was placed between sheets of\n gray, newspaper-storage cardboard sheets; the spine titles of\n the old letter boxes were copied onto the cardboard sheets,\n and the bundle was wrapped in brown paper, tied up with\n string, and numbered in a coded sequence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collections remained in the attic of Lefevre House\n until the fall of 1976 when, after the receipt of a grant from\n the National Endowment for the Humanities for the processing\n of the two collections, they were transported to the Alderman\n Library building once more In the Library's receiving room,\n the bundles were cleaned in the dust hood, untied and\n unwrapped, and the contents transferred into gray, Hollinger\n storage boxes before transfer into the storage areas of the\n Manuscripts Department for processing. The coded numbers on\n the bundles were recorded but proved to be of no use in\n restoring order to the papers, badly out of sequence from\n their many moves over the years. Nor did the spine titles and\n dates from the original letters boxes prove to be of any\n particular use in organizing the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOnce processing work was completed at the end of the summer\n of 1978, the Stone Papers were transferred back to the\n dormitory attic as space in the Alderman Library building\n remained short, and it was felt that adequate service on the\n Stone Papers could be maintained from the attic now that a\n guide to the papers had been prepared. (N.B. The Stone papers\n were removed from the dormitory attic and transferred to the\n University Library's high-density remote storage facility\n following its opening in the mid-1990s.)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe word \"organization\" is used here with considerable\n diffidence, for any researcher studying the lists of box\n contents that follow will realize quickly that there is no\n organization in the usual sense of the word.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAs previously noted, the Stone papers were subjected to a\n number of moves before processing began, and, unfortunately,\n there seems to have been little organization of the papers in\n Mr. Stone's files in his Roanoke office. Presumably, he and\n his staff could locate material that was needed from the\n files, but at the time that processing began in the fall of\n 1976, no discernible scheme of organization could be\n determined.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe first step was to review the series of coded numbers\n placed on the bundles of papers before they were moved to the\n dormitory attic, but these did not provide any sort of useful\n organization. Next, the spine titles of the original letter\n boxes were reviewed (they had been copied onto the gray\n cardboard sheets before the move to the dormitory attic), but\n they, too, proved useless.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese steps having provided no scheme, and after a\n considerable hiatus due to a turnover in student processors on\n the collection, the new student processors were instructed to\n begin a box-by-box inventory of the contents of the\n collection. During this inventory, old folders were replaced\n with acid-free ones, and the original folder headings were\n copied onto the new ones. Some removal of papers clips was\n accomplished, and the materials were reviewed and notes were\n taken for the guide.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe processors found that Mr. Stone's papers were comprised\n of three series. One was devoted to his personal affairs, and\n contained material about his diverse business interests\n outside his two major ones, and about his civic and\n professional interests, as well as papers from his private\n life. The second series contained the papers from his major\n business and \"first love\" the Stone Printing and Manufacturing\n Company of Roanoke; and the third series included a wealth of\n material about the Borderland Coal Company, an enterprise that\n Mr. Stone served for twenty-seven years, first as president\n and later, as chairman of the board.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor a long time, we considered separating the three series\n of papers, and the processors evolved a good system of colored\n slips clipped to the boxes to identify material from each\n series contained in a box. However, as they neared the end of\n their inventory, the processors became convinced, and argued\n successfully that the series should not be separated.\n Basically, all these papers are Mr. Stone's private papers as\n he was the major stockholder in the Stone Printing Company and\n it was very much a personal operation. There are\n interrelationships between material that was found standing in\n different folders in the same box, and the processors\n correctly feared that drastic reorganization would destroy\n those relationships. Thus, we decided to accept their\n argument, and the box contents were allowed to remain as we\n found them.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA certain amount of movement of boxes within the collection\n probably would ease use of it. But what processing was\n accomplished on this project took far longer than had been\n anticipated, and there was no time in the late spring of 1978,\n when the processors had to complete their work with the\n project, to undertake a mass movement of material. Thus, they\n stand in the order in which we found them at the beginning of\n the project.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAs has been stated above, the three series of papers in\n this collection (Stone Personal; Borderland Coal Co.; and\n Stone Printing and Mfg. Co.) have not been physically\n separated and are scattered throughout the collection.\n However, in the container listing which follows the three\n series have been separated. Therefore, the listing for the\n Edward L. Stone Personal Papers series begins with Box 11 of\n the collection because that is the first box in which Stone's\n personal papers can be found. (Boxes 1-10 appear in the\n listing for the Borderland Coal Co. series.) This also means\n that if a box contains material from more than one series it\n will have more than one entry in the listing, so that to find\n a complete listing of a particular box a researcher might need\n to look at the listing for each of the three series. In\n addition, some of the box entries in the listing are slightly\n out of order, so that if a box appears to have no entry or\n only a partial entry, in a particular series the entry is\n sometimes picked up on the next page of the listing.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eListings of oversize material are located at the end of the\n listing for each series.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Organization"],"arrangement_tesim":["After arrival at the University, the collection was placed\n in the stack areas of the then division of Rare Books and\n Manuscripts of the Library, and was shelved in close proximity\n to another large collection received only a year before, that\n of the Low Moor Iron Company. The two comprised the largest\n group of material in the division at the time, a group that,\n unfortunately, was rarely used by researchers as there were no\n finding aids to the mass, and interested researchers were\n intimidated by the problems of research in the papers.","The collections remained in the stacks until 1958 when\n expansion space in the division's storage area was reduced to\n a minimum by the successful collecting program of the\n intervening years. A review of the collections and their use\n showed that the Stone collection and the Low Moor Iron Company\n papers were rarely consulted, and it was decided to move them\n out of the division's quarters to provide storage space for\n collections that were being used by researchers.","Space was located in the attic of a student dormitory, and\n the division prepared the papers for long-term storage by\n removing them from the old letter boxes in which they had\n arrived. Each bundle of papers was placed between sheets of\n gray, newspaper-storage cardboard sheets; the spine titles of\n the old letter boxes were copied onto the cardboard sheets,\n and the bundle was wrapped in brown paper, tied up with\n string, and numbered in a coded sequence.","The collections remained in the attic of Lefevre House\n until the fall of 1976 when, after the receipt of a grant from\n the National Endowment for the Humanities for the processing\n of the two collections, they were transported to the Alderman\n Library building once more In the Library's receiving room,\n the bundles were cleaned in the dust hood, untied and\n unwrapped, and the contents transferred into gray, Hollinger\n storage boxes before transfer into the storage areas of the\n Manuscripts Department for processing. The coded numbers on\n the bundles were recorded but proved to be of no use in\n restoring order to the papers, badly out of sequence from\n their many moves over the years. Nor did the spine titles and\n dates from the original letters boxes prove to be of any\n particular use in organizing the collection.","Once processing work was completed at the end of the summer\n of 1978, the Stone Papers were transferred back to the\n dormitory attic as space in the Alderman Library building\n remained short, and it was felt that adequate service on the\n Stone Papers could be maintained from the attic now that a\n guide to the papers had been prepared. (N.B. The Stone papers\n were removed from the dormitory attic and transferred to the\n University Library's high-density remote storage facility\n following its opening in the mid-1990s.)","The word \"organization\" is used here with considerable\n diffidence, for any researcher studying the lists of box\n contents that follow will realize quickly that there is no\n organization in the usual sense of the word.","As previously noted, the Stone papers were subjected to a\n number of moves before processing began, and, unfortunately,\n there seems to have been little organization of the papers in\n Mr. Stone's files in his Roanoke office. Presumably, he and\n his staff could locate material that was needed from the\n files, but at the time that processing began in the fall of\n 1976, no discernible scheme of organization could be\n determined.","The first step was to review the series of coded numbers\n placed on the bundles of papers before they were moved to the\n dormitory attic, but these did not provide any sort of useful\n organization. Next, the spine titles of the original letter\n boxes were reviewed (they had been copied onto the gray\n cardboard sheets before the move to the dormitory attic), but\n they, too, proved useless.","These steps having provided no scheme, and after a\n considerable hiatus due to a turnover in student processors on\n the collection, the new student processors were instructed to\n begin a box-by-box inventory of the contents of the\n collection. During this inventory, old folders were replaced\n with acid-free ones, and the original folder headings were\n copied onto the new ones. Some removal of papers clips was\n accomplished, and the materials were reviewed and notes were\n taken for the guide.","The processors found that Mr. Stone's papers were comprised\n of three series. One was devoted to his personal affairs, and\n contained material about his diverse business interests\n outside his two major ones, and about his civic and\n professional interests, as well as papers from his private\n life. The second series contained the papers from his major\n business and \"first love\" the Stone Printing and Manufacturing\n Company of Roanoke; and the third series included a wealth of\n material about the Borderland Coal Company, an enterprise that\n Mr. Stone served for twenty-seven years, first as president\n and later, as chairman of the board.","For a long time, we considered separating the three series\n of papers, and the processors evolved a good system of colored\n slips clipped to the boxes to identify material from each\n series contained in a box. However, as they neared the end of\n their inventory, the processors became convinced, and argued\n successfully that the series should not be separated.\n Basically, all these papers are Mr. Stone's private papers as\n he was the major stockholder in the Stone Printing Company and\n it was very much a personal operation. There are\n interrelationships between material that was found standing in\n different folders in the same box, and the processors\n correctly feared that drastic reorganization would destroy\n those relationships. Thus, we decided to accept their\n argument, and the box contents were allowed to remain as we\n found them.","A certain amount of movement of boxes within the collection\n probably would ease use of it. But what processing was\n accomplished on this project took far longer than had been\n anticipated, and there was no time in the late spring of 1978,\n when the processors had to complete their work with the\n project, to undertake a mass movement of material. Thus, they\n stand in the order in which we found them at the beginning of\n the project.","As has been stated above, the three series of papers in\n this collection (Stone Personal; Borderland Coal Co.; and\n Stone Printing and Mfg. Co.) have not been physically\n separated and are scattered throughout the collection.\n However, in the container listing which follows the three\n series have been separated. Therefore, the listing for the\n Edward L. Stone Personal Papers series begins with Box 11 of\n the collection because that is the first box in which Stone's\n personal papers can be found. (Boxes 1-10 appear in the\n listing for the Borderland Coal Co. series.) This also means\n that if a box contains material from more than one series it\n will have more than one entry in the listing, so that to find\n a complete listing of a particular box a researcher might need\n to look at the listing for each of the three series. In\n addition, some of the box entries in the listing are slightly\n out of order, so that if a box appears to have no entry or\n only a partial entry, in a particular series the entry is\n sometimes picked up on the next page of the listing.","Listings of oversize material are located at the end of the\n listing for each series."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eBiography of Edward L. Stone\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eEdward Lee Stone was born on September 15, 1864, in\n Liberty (now Bedford) Virginia, the son of John Harmon Stone\n and Mary Witt Stone. He was reared in very modest\n circumstances, and received no more than an elementary school\n education, yet he became one of the wealthiest and most\n prominent citizens in the state of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEdward Stone's career in the printing business is typical\n of the fabled American dream. At ten years of age, having\n recently lost his father, Stone was in the boys' playground of\n his school. J. R. Guy, the editor of the Bedford Sentinel\n newspaper, came to the playground looking for William Fellers,\n Stone's cousin. When Stone asked Mr. Guy what he wanted with\n William, Guy replied \"I want him to carry the papers. Stone\n said, \"I'll carry 'em' for you.\" After being a delivery boy\n for the Sentinel, Stone learned to set type and worked\n evenings after school for five cents an evening; twenty-five\n cents on Saturday. Less than a year later, economics\n necessitated that he quit school to pursue his job full time.\n Stone learned his lessons well, and showed enthusiasm in every\n phase of his work. Young Stone worked alongside a window, and\n enjoyed nothing better than to jump out into the street and\n scrap with some passing youngster, returning to his duties\n after the fun was over.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStone was given more and more duties which he performed to\n this employer's total satisfaction. At the age of sixteen, for\n some now-inexplicable reason, Stone left the newspaper\n business to work for a mercantile establishment, He soon grew\n bored, however, and returned to printer's ink. This time he\n worked for the Democrat, a weekly newspaper in Buchanan,\n Virginia, then a thriving town at the intersection of the\n James River and the Kanawha Canal.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOnce, at the age of sixteen, Stone was entrusted with\n getting out an entire edition of the paper by himself. The\n editor was in court and many workmen were out sick. Stone and\n an assistant set type at breakneck speed beginning at 7:15\n A.M. and had the entire seven-column paper completed by noon\n --an amazing feat. Stone was out playing ball by 2 P.M. and\n earned a $5.00 bonus from his boss, editor William J. Boyd. In\n 1882, Boyd informed Stone that he was going to open a printing\n office in Roanoke, Virginia, then a small town. Boyd wanted\n Stone to be manager, and on July 20th, 1882, both men arrived\n in Roanoke. A place could not be found for the new enterprise\n however, and both returned to Buchanan. Stone became\n disillusioned with the small scope of opportunities Buchanan\n provided, and, with an ambition to \"become somebody\" in the\n printing business, set out for Lynchburg. Landing in Lynchburg\n in January 1883 he applied for work on the News and, after a\n few days, secured a position as compositor. Here he remained\n until March, achieving considerable reputation as a fast\n compositor, yet not satisfied. Stone really longed for a\n position in the printing business. John P. Bell offered Stone\n a minor position in a branch office he had planned to open in\n Roanoke. The position was, in most respects, inferior to the\n one he had already held, but Stone gladly took it. He worked\n hard, and showed superior business ability which impressed Mr.\n Bell so much that when the manager of the business died in\n 1885 his position was offered to Stone. The position was not\n offered without some misgivings because of Stone's youth (he\n was only twenty-one) and his lack of business experience.\n Stone, however, did such a good job as manager that Bell\n realized that he had made the right choice. Stone eventually\n gained control of the business and became president of the\n company.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHis position was secure enough that in 1890, he married\n Miss Minnie Fishburn, daughter of J. A. Fishburn, a prominent\n business man of Roanoke. The couple had one child, Mary\n Katherine Stone.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEdward Stone's printing business grew in size and wealth.\n By 1920 it was acknowledged by many to be the best-equipped\n printing corporation in the south, and one of the largest as\n well. He had many other business interests. He was president\n of the Borderland Coal Corporation, president of the Virginia\n Bridge and Iron Company, vice president and later president of\n the Walker Foundry and Machine Company, chairman of the First\n National Exchange Bank, and president of his primary business\n and \"first love,\" the Stone Printing and Manufacturing\n Company.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn March 1896 Stone was presented with a petition signed by\n fourteen Roanoke business men requesting that he run for\n mayor. Stone was very tempted, but a law stating that no one\n in Roanoke public office would be permitted to do business\n with the city stopped him. Stone felt that not being able to\n do business with the city would be unfair to his stockholders.\n Stone, a civic-minded individual, was chairman of the Roanoke\n Community Fund in 1924, and of the City Planning and Zoning\n Commission. He was also chairman of the war bond committee\n during the First World War, and belonged to many societies and\n organizations, including the American Institute of Graphic\n Arts, the Florida State Historical Society, the Shenandoah\n Club of Roanoke, the Country Club of Roanoke, the Roanoke Gun\n Club, the Roanoke German Club, the Virginia Historical Society\n (life member), the Better Printing Committee of the United\n Typothetae of America, the Roanoke Rotary Club, the\n International Benjamin Franklin Society of New York, and the\n board of trustees of the Committee to Assist the Blind.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEdward Stone was also an extremely charitable man. He gave\n large sums of money to the Roanoke Hospital and the Roanoke\n Relief Fund, helped endow Roanoke College, gave heavily to the\n Boy Scouts and the War Relief Clearing House, and donated\n money to the Coal Miner's Relief Fund--even though it was\n those very coal miners who were striking in Stone's coal\n mines. He believed, however, that the miners' children should\n not have to suffer for their parents' stand. The Stones also\n gave money to support French children who had been left\n fatherless as a result of the war. Stone, a Presbyterian,\n donated $100.00 to the Jewish Relief Fund in 1917 to aid the\n starving Jews in Russia displaced by the war, and also sent\n funds to the Tuskeegee Institute.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEdward Stone's principal hobby was book collecting, and his\n library was appraised at $50,000.00 in 1939. Among his\n treasured pieces was a page from the original Gutenberg Bible.\n Stone's library was considered to be the largest and\n best-equipped privately-owned library in the state of\n Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStone's income fluctuated through the years. In 1917 and\n 1918, partly through stock sales, Stone declared an income of\n $129,383.39 and $91,483.00 respectively, but 1926 was\n considered an average year, and he declared an income of\n $57,500.00.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlthough Stone was a humanitarian and philanthropist, he\n believed in keeping total control of his business and watched\n his employees closely. He did not strongly oppose unionization\n in his printing shop, but fully opposed unionization in his\n coal mines, even using scabs to break strikes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStone suffered financial reversals during the Great\n Depression but he reorganized his holdings to prevent a great\n loss, and he weathered the Depression better than most\n businessmen. His health had begun to fail by 1929, and by 1934\n he was virtually bedridden. Finally, after a protracted\n illness, Edward L. Stone died on June 3, 1938, at the age of\n seventy-four.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eA History of the Borderland Coal\n Company\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThe Borderland Coal Company derived its name from its\n dual location in Mingo County, West Virginia, and Pike County,\n Kentucky, an area bordered by the Tug Fork of the Big Sandy\n River. The mines proper were located in Kentucky, and the coal\n washers and other processing equipment were located in West\n Virginia. The company operated from 1903 to 1934. While the\n Borderland Coal Company was incorporated in 1903, the first\n batch of coal was not shipped until September 1, 1904. In that\n year J. S. Tipton, formerly the majority stockholder, resigned\n his post as general manager of Borderland Coal and sold most\n of his stock to Edward L. Stone. At that time Stone was\n president of the Young Men's Investment Club which owned a\n large number of shares in the Borderland Coal Company, and\n thus, Stone controlled the club's activities.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Borderland Coal Company initially owned approximately\n 1,000 acres of coal land. The company mined bituminous or soft\n coal, and sold slack coal, used by railroads and industrial\n concerns, egg coal, used in private furnaces, and nut coal,\n the highest quality of bituminous coal, used in the kitchens\n of private homes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Borderland Coal Company grew through the early 1900's.\n In 1905, a second plant was opened called simply \"Operation\n #2.\" The company declared its first stock dividend in November\n 1907, and began the construction of an electric plant,\n cableway, conveyor, and tipple at a cost of $27,950.00. In\n 1908 a new coal washer was installed. By late 1914 the\n Borderland Company held 3,000 acres of coal lands containing\n an estimated 20,000,000 tons of coal. The profits of the\n Borderland Coal Company increased from $1,250.00 in 1904 to\n $11,243.77 in 1905, to $49,977.21 in 1908, and to $110,532.68\n in 1910.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe amount of coal mined increased from 246 railroad\n carloads in 1904 to 3,781 railroad carloads in 1910, and\n expansion continued until the outbreak of World War I. The\n coal paid a regular annual dividend averaging 15-30%. Prior to\n 1911, the Leckie Coal Company of Cleveland, Ohio, was the\n exclusive agency for the sale of Borderland Coal. In that\n year, however, the Borderland Coal Sales Company was formed,\n with officers of the Borderland Coal Company doubling as\n officials of the new company.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe town of Borderland, West Virginia, was a company town,\n with company-owned homes, stores, school, and a church. The\n rents in the company homes appear to have been within the\n miners' incomes. The prices in the company stores, however,\n were exorbitant. In fact, profits for the company store were\n the second biggest money maker for the company in 1911,\n totaling $11,811.78. The largest profit maker was coal, which\n netted $91,741.07, while the sale of powder was ranked third,\n totaling $3,165.86.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWorld War I created a great demand and a high prices for\n coal, and the Borderland Coal Company prospered despite\n difficulty finding railroad cars to transport its produce. In\n 1917, the company paid a record 60% dividend. On January 1,\n 1918, the company re-chartered itself in Virginia, and\n patented the trademark and the name of the Borderland Coal\n Company. The new capital stock was valued at nearly\n $800,000.00. In November 1918 construction began on a new\n tipple at a cost of $116,000.00. After the First World War,\n the Borderland Coal Company experienced a decrease in both the\n demand and the price of coal. The problem of labor and\n unionization, however, ultimately caused the company's\n demise.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBorderland Coal Company officials had been concerned over\n the growth of coal mine unionization long before any major\n trouble began. As early as 1915, L. E. Armentrout, the\n corporation's Vice President and General Manager began using\n \"secret service men\" to infiltrate the ranks of the miners and\n report on any union activity. It is not known whether these\n agents were U.S. government agents or private investigators,\n but the latter is presumed. One of them reported on March 10,\n 1915:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cblockquote\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eI spent the entire day Monday with Emmett and Ed McKee,\n Gus Cantrell, and Henry McKnight, all white Americans. We\n played cards in an empty house on the Kentucky side. We had\n a nice fire and everything was very comfortable. We would\n play cards until we got tired, then we would stop\n everything and talk unionism. Gus Cantrell said that he had\n been talking to the boys for the last year, trying to get\n them to organize a local of the U.M.W. of A. He said that\n there was plenty of good, solid union men and that there\n were also a lot of rotten scabs here. That he got into a\n conversation with George McCormick, a white man, and\n McCormick told him that he didn't believe in the union and\n that he didn't want anything to do with the U.M.W. of A. .\n . . I told Cantrell that I would be willing to help\n organize the local. He said, \"Well, the work is picking up\n now and we will wait until the boys get a good pay day,\n then we will put this thing through.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/blockquote\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBorderland Coal Company successfully resisted unionization\n in the years before World War I. Wartime regulations prevented\n strikes and hindered unionization, but after the war many\n miners felt that it was time to air their grievances. Miners\n disagreed over specific demands, but most felt that grave\n inequalities existed in the rates for day workers established\n by the Bituminous Coal Commission. The miners requested that a\n conference be held but this request was turned down by the\n Commission. Dissatisfaction became more pronounced, and during\n the middle of July 1920 the miners in some of the subdistricts\n walked out in an unauthorized strike. Shutdowns spread to\n Indiana and Illinois. President Woodrow Wilson intervened and\n told the miners that if they returned to work a grievance\n committee would be formed. The miners returned to work August\n 10, 1920, and the committee was set up. Management and labor\n agreed on a wage increase and all was quiet for a while.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWest Virginia was in a unique position in that most of the\n mines in that state were non-union. The Interstate Commerce\n Commission fixed freight rates with a \"differential\" low\n enough that West Virginia coal would not be eliminated by\n production from other fields closer to their market. When the\n market for coal was good, the differential also allowed the\n union coal fields of Indiana, Michigan, and Illinois to pay\n the union scale of wages and still sell their coal in\n competition with the product of non-union fields, such as\n those in West Virginia. When the demand for coal was low and\n prices receded, however, the differential no longer aided the\n union fields and they began to experience an adverse effect.\n These conditions appeared after the First World War, and as a\n result operators of unionized mines demanded the unionization\n of the Wast Virginia coal fields. Thus the U.M.W. put pressure\n on all non-union fields, including those of the Borderland\n Coal Company. Borderland Coal Company had been fairly quiet\n about unionization up to this time. On May 5, 1920, however,\n L. E. Armentrout had issued the following notice:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cblockquote\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTO THE PRESENT OR FUTURE EMPLOYEES OF THE BORDERLAND\n COAL COMPANY \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eConsiderable efforts are being made to organize this\n field and certain advantages are being held out to some men\n showing the advisability of belonging to the Union. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThis is a free country and this company is not going\n to dictate to its employees whether they shall or shall not\n join the Union, but for your information and for the\n information of your friends, we wish to state positively\n that no Union man will be employed by this company, and if\n you find that it is to your interest to join the Union, we\n would suggest that you arrange to move out and call at the\n office and we will be glad to settle with you. This will\n save you as well as the company further trouble, but we\n sincerely hope that the pleasant relations between the\n Company and the men will continue, and that each and every\n one of you will continue in our employ. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eYours very truly, \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eL. E. Armentrout, \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eManager \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/blockquote\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy late May, 1920 the situation had become acute.\n Armentrout wrote to James P. Woods, president of the\n Borderland Coal Company:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cblockquote\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe organizers have just about put us out of business at\n both plants . . . We have a good many men who have not\n joined the Union, but these agitators are intimidating them\n and have them so scared they won't attempt to try to work.\n I will have a conference with the West Virginia attorneys\n today to see if I cannot get a temporary injunction, or\n probably prosecution for these intimidators. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eWe have three Deputy Sheriffs in Kentucky and expect\n two more in today. We have both plants pretty well policed\n at night, but still some of the intimidators slip through\n the mines and get to some of the men. . . \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eNow that the primary is over, we believe that\n Unionism will die out. . . . In fact, no Union cards have\n been issued and for the past two or three days they have\n not been able to locate the man who has been giving them\n orders on the stores. Some of them (the fired Union Men)\n have already remarked that they could not support their\n families on $7.00 to $8.00 a week, and they hated to go to\n bed at night when their children were crying for something\n to eat.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/blockquote\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUnionism, however, did not die out. Union \"agitators\" saw\n to that no coal could be mined at the Borderland Company's\n coal fields. In a letter to Stone dated July 6, 1920,\n Armentrout stated that he was able to get \"very little action\n from the Governor of West Virginia. . .I just finished talking\n to Governor Morrow's office in Frankfort, Kentucky, and the\n home guards will likely entrain today. They will likely have\n machine guns so if that they get in according to promise, we\n think that conditions will improve very rapidly.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Borderland Coal Company kept its promise and\n dispossessed hundreds of its employees. Fired from their jobs\n and ousted from their homes, they were forced to live in\n tents. In a union pamphlet entitled \"Borderland and Bullets\"\n these men told of the horrible indignities forced on company\n employees who joined the union. The purpose of the pamphlet\n was to oppose the re-election of Colonel James P. Woods,\n president of the Borderland Coal Company, to the U. S. House\n of Representatives. Woods ran for re-election in the sixth\n Virginia district claiming that he had been always fair to the\n working man, and he won.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe situation at Borderland soon deteriorated into\n violence. A pamphlet dated \"winter, 1920\" and entitled \n \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"doublequote\" href=\"\"\u003eHell with the Lid Off in Mingo\n County, West Virginia,\u003c/title\u003egives an account of drunken\n company guards wounding a number of workers by firing into\n their tents. On May 12, 1920, Edward Stone, chairman of the\n board of the Borderland Coal Company, had examined an\n advertisement for the Thompson sub-machine gun but had decided\n that \"the gun is not sufficient for our needs at the mine.\" On\n May 16 Governor John J. Cornwell of West Virginia sent a\n telegram to the War Department in Washington requesting that\n Federal troops be sent to the Tug River District, where\n Borderland Coal Company was located. There had been fighting\n in the Tug River District for nearly four days. Secretary of\n War John Weeks, basing his decision on reports from one of his\n staff officers who had visited the area, decided that federal\n troops were not needed. Four days later Governor Cornwell\n declared martial law in West Virginia. Militiamen from both\n Kentucky and West Virginia were involved in the fighting.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the summer of 1921 the U. M. W. began its famous \"summer\n march\" which precipitated guerilla warfare between the\n pro-union and anti-union forces. On June 29, Governor Cornwell\n ordered the citizens of West Virginia to take up arms and\n defend themselves against the pro-unionists. The papers of the\n Borderland Coal Company include lists of casualties written on\n scrap paper, such as \"Stone Mountain, 5 Baldwin men and 4\n citizens killed (one the mayor), 2 Feltz Bros. killed, 2\n military companies there, 2 on the way.\" In April 1922 the\n coal miners' grievances came to a head and they struck. They\n demanded a continuation of the system of bargaining and\n contract, including the \"checkoff,\" which is a list devised to\n check on payment of union dues. In addition to demanding\n stable wage rates, the miners demanded a six-hour day and a\n five-day week. These increased hours would mean steady\n employment, one of the miners' main goals.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe strike apparently took some pressure off the Borderland\n Coal Company because after 1922 there is little or nothing in\n the collection regarding unionization. Company officials had\n managed to avoid unionization of their mines but had caused\n the company much damage in the process. Bitter feelings\n prevailed after the strike. A letter from L. E. Armentrout to\n the Borderland Coal Company dated 1923 states:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cblockquote\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGentlemen, \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eMy attention has just been called to the enclosed\n blotter bearing the union label. It has been the policy of\n this company for several years, in fact, ever since we have\n been in business, not to recognize any Union whatever. We\n spent, or lost, something like $300,000.00 fighting the\n United Mine Workers here in 1920 and 1921, and also have\n some injunctions against them. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eFor your information, please do not place any more\n printing with any Union shop, and if you have any more of\n these blotters, tear them up or dispose of them otherwise\n as it is inconsistent with our policy, and we positively\n will not stand for it.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/blockquote\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhile much of the collection regards labor struggles, there\n is little material regarding immigrant labor although 40% of\n the workers were immigrants. West Virginia was a sparsely\n populated state at this time, and immigrants were needed to\n supplement the labor in their mines. The first constitution of\n the state provided for the appointment of an immigration\n officer whose duties were to advertise the attractions of West\n Virginia throughout Europe and make arrangements with\n industries to supply transportation for foreign workmen. Of\n the 80,877 workers employed in the West Virginia coal mines in\n 1915, 49,753 were American-born (37,918 white and 11,835\n black) and 31,124 were foreign-born. Italians made up the\n largest percentage of the immigrant labor force, about one\n third of all foreigners employed in the mines while Hungarians\n comprised the second-most prevalent nationality, approximately\n one-sixth of the foreign born total.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Borderland Coal Company never fully recovered from the\n trouble that paralyzed its mines in 1920. The 1920's were a\n very depressed period for the mining industry in general and\n the depression of 1929 brought prices to an all time low. Coal\n production fell precipitously from 1927-1933 although there\n seemed to be a slight upturn that year. In 1927, L. E.\n Armentrout resigned from the company and a year later the\n Borderland Coal Sales Company was dissolved due to lack of\n business. The Norfolk and Chesapeake Coal Company became\n exclusive agents for the sale of Borderland coal. At a meeting\n of the Borderland Coal Company's board of directors in 1929,\n it was stated that since the market for coal was so poor, it\n hardly paid to keep the mines going. The Borderland Coal\n Company mines were only worked four days during the entire\n month of May 1932. In a letter from Edward L. Stone to a\n Borderland Coal Company creditor, Stone wrote that as the\n Borderland Coal Company did not have the money to pay its\n debts, all creditors would have to wait for their money, and\n that he hoped that he could avoid declaring the Borderland\n Coal Company bankrupt. In 1934 Stone received a letter from a\n stockholder consoling him for having to \"lose Borderland\n Coal.\" Apparently the company was then out of business.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe demise of the Borderland Coal Company was the result of\n broad national trends; the product of their mines was of high\n quality, and in good supply. The problem of labor and\n unionization paralyzed the Borderland Coal Company. Lack of\n production in the mines meant that the Borderland Coal Company\n could not pay dividends which affected their stockholders. The\n bad mining conditions, a lack of demand for coal and low\n market prices made it impossible for the Borderland Coal\n Company to recover. The return of the coal-rich region of\n Alsace-Lorraine to France meant that our allies no longer\n needed American coal. Domestic demand increased, but it did\n not compensate for decreased industrial use. The switch to\n alternative forms of energy such as oil, also damaged the coal\n industry. Although prosperity returned to the rest of the\n country, the coal industry never totally recovered, and the\n Borderland Coal Company was one of the victims.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOfficers of the Borderland Coal Company: Edward Lee Stone\n --President ca. 1907-1919, Chairman of the Board 1919-ca.\n 1934; James P. Woods (attorney at law --U. S. Representative,\n 6th Virginia District) --Vice President ca. 1905-1922,\n President 1922-1932; L. E. Armentrout --Manager ca. 1905-1915,\n Vice President and Manager ca. 1915-1927; Ernest B. Fishburn\n --Secretary-Treasurer ca. 1905-1930\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOfficers of the Borderland Coal Sales Company: L. E.\n Armentrout --President; Edward Lee Stone --Vice President;\n James P. Woods --second Vice President; R. N. Osborne,\n Jr.--Secretary (discharged in 1924); W. W.\n Austin--Secretary.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eA History of the Stone Printing and\n Manufacturing Company\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThe Stone Printing and Manufacturing Company of Roanoke,\n Virginia, was established in 1883 as the Bell Printing and\n Manufacturing Company. John P. Bell of Lynchburg served as\n president, and Samuel J. Fields of Abington, Virginia, served\n as manager. Edward L. Stone, the eventual chairman of the\n board, was then employed as a journeyman printer and pressman.\n In 1885, Stone succeeded Fields as the company's manager, and\n his brother, Albert A. Stone, joined the business.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAt this time the company occupied a small site on Commerce\n Street in Roanoke, an area about twenty by twenty-five feet.\n In 1889 the plant was seriously damaged by fire, and within a\n few months, the company moved to larger quarters on the second\n and third floors of the Gale Building on Jefferson Street.\n Shortly thereafter, the controlling interest was purchased by\n Edward L. Stone, with the remainder of the stock being\n purchased by J. B. Fishburn and Albert A. Stone.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1892, the name of the company was changed to the Stone\n Printing and Manufacturing Company, and the company occupied a\n new, three-story building at 116 North Jefferson Street. In\n 1896, a duplicate building was added on the north side; in a\n few years another addition was placed at the rear. The company\n built another addition in 1902 but five years later the old\n structure was torn down and a new two-stories building, 210 x\n 110 feet, was completed. The new structure gave the Stone\n Printing Company 50,000 square feet of space, which is about\n 100 times the floor space originally occupied on Commerce\n Street. The company today occupies the same site on Jefferson\n Street.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1883 the capital stock of the company was $5,000.00, and\n in 1900, it was increased to $50,000.00. In 1910 the capital\n stock had grown to $350,000.00. All of the stock increases\n were taken, with one exception, by the original stockholders.\n Sales grew from $84,371.00 in 1900 to $179,433.78 in 1905, and\n from $253,781.15 in 1909 to a high of $608,174.36 in 1920.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStone had considered selling his printing company to a\n British syndicate in 1912. He felt, however, that business was\n good and getting better and eventually decided to retain\n control. By 1920 the Stone Printing Company had customers in\n half the states in the union and in some foreign countries.\n Between 1920 and 1929, however, sales showed a steady decline.\n In 1929 they fell to $399,701.43 and declined throughout the\n depression.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Stone Printing Company's most important business came\n from railroads as the company printed tariff and rate\n schedules as well as tickets. Since the railroad rates changed\n rapidly during the early 1900's, railroad printing was very\n lucrative. The principal railroad customer and in fact, the\n largest customer, of the Stone Printing Company was the\n Norfolk and Western Railroad. In 1910 the Norfolk and Western\n Railroad accounted for $85,652.60 in sales. Combined with the\n sales to other railroads in 1910, the total of railroad sales\n was approximately $193,000.00 of a total of $339,678.92 --well\n over half of the total sales of the Stone Printing\n Company.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCommercial printing comprised the second largest source of\n the Stone Printing Company's business, accounting for\n $135,110.32 of a total $608,174.36 in 1920. The fourth largest\n amount of business, after the Norfolk and Western Railway,\n other railroads, and commercial printing, was school and\n college printing. The Stone Printing Company printed the\n yearbooks for the University of Virginia, the Georgia\n Institute of Technology, the University of Mississippi,\n Randolph-Macon College, Hollins College, Virginia Polytechnic\n Institute, and others.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe profit margin in printing often was small, and thus\n costs had to be carefully controlled. Edward L. Stone was a\n commissioner of the American Printers Cost Commission which\n kept a close watch on printing costs and tried to keep them\n down. Another serious problem that bothered Stone Printing\n Company was unionization. As most Roanoke printing shops,\n Stone Printing Company was an open shop where either union or\n non-union people could be employed. The company's officers did\n not penalize or prevent workers from joining the union. The\n International Typographical Union, however, put pressure on\n Edward Stone to turn his establishment into a closed shop,\n that is, a shop that would hire only union members, pay union\n wages, and abide by union rules. Paying union wages did not\n trouble Stone because he already paid more than the union\n scale in most cases. For example, in 1905 when the union scale\n was $13.50 per week, Stone pointed out that while two of his\n employees received less and one received the union wage, over\n forty workers received between $15.00 and $25.00 per week.\n Stone felt it folly to pay all workers the same because, he\n said, \"some are so much better than others.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEdward Stone's paternalistic attitude toward his employees\n is reflected in a collection of letters exchanged with his\n workers. Forced to fire an employee who lied about being able\n to work on a printing press, Stone lent him the money to go to\n printing school, and re-hired him when he had learned the\n trade. Another worker left the company without notice, heading\n home to Lexington, Virginia. When the employee needed money to\n return to Roanoke, Stone lent it to him with the understanding\n that the employee would never again leave without asking\n Stone's permission. Another employee left Stone without notice\n to work for another printing firm, but when the employee\n wanted his old job back, Stone gave it to him. Stone\n frequently lent money to his employees, and did not press them\n for repayment.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMany of the union's rules, however bothered Stone. Among\n the ones he objected to were (1) in all cases when it became\n necessary to reduce the working force of an office, the last\n person hired should be the first dropped; (2) in machine\n composition, all work must be time work and no piece work\n should be allowed; (3) no member of the International\n Typographical Union should engage in a speed contest either by\n hand composition or on machines, and violation of this rule\n was to be punished by a fine of not less than $25.00, or by\n suspension; (4) an eight hour day (Stone Printing had a 9 to\n 9-1/2 hour day); and (5) no one holding active membership in a\n local union should sign any individual or private contract\n with any employer, agreeing to work for any stated time,\n length, or conditions as the union alone was to have the power\n to contract for conditions, wages, and hours. This fifth\n stipulation bothered Stone the most for he firmly believed\n that an employee should perform whatever duty Stone demanded\n of him.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn November 20, 1907, there was a union strike in Roanoke.\n The union men employed by the Stone Printing Company walked\n out, and the union formed a picket line in front of the Stone\n Printing Company. Stone wrote to Joel Cuthin, Mayor of\n Roanoke: \"We have never been opposed to the union, but we have\n objected to having them run our business, unless they acquired\n it by ownership.\" The union put pressure on the Stone Printing\n Company. A memo to Edward Stone from Albert Stone dated 1915\n told of some Stone Printing Company material being returned by\n certain Roanoke merchants because they did not bear the union\n label. The amount of material returned, however, was very\n small. The union pressure placed on Stone was generally\n peaceful and there was no violence or destruction. After the\n unsuccessful strike, Stone took back all of his union men.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter 1920 the company's sales and profits declined. In\n 1927, Albert Stone, who had assumed the presidency of the\n company, commissioned Ernst and Ernst, financial analysts, to\n examine the operation of Stone Printing and make\n recommendations for improving business. The analysts found\n Stone Printing to be an innovative company which sought and\n found new markets such as school and college printing and the\n printing of calendars, and which had sound leadership. Ernst\n and Ernst felt that it was a change in economic conditions,\n not the company itself, that caused the company's problems.\n Competition had changed and grown in intensity by 1920, making\n the ability to sell most important. The analysts recommended\n the creation of a sales department coupled with more\n aggressive selling techniques.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLater, Albert Stone, Jr., Edward Stone's nephew, claimed\n that it was the reluctance of the Stone Printing Company to\n cut prices during the depression of 1919-1922 that caused the\n company's problems. He claimed that by the time the company\n did cut its prices, Stone Printing had lost many of its most\n valued customers, and suggested a closer watch of costs\n coupled with an expansion of the calendar line. Although these\n suggestions were followed, business did not improve.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhen the Great Depression hit in 1929, business worsened.\n Loyal customers and a solid financial base kept the Stone\n Printing Company from bankruptcy. Edward Stone's health was\n failing by 1929, and most of the company's affairs were passed\n on to his brother Albert. In a letter from Edward Stone to the\n board of directors in 1930, he wrote: \n \u003cblockquote\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe years operations to date, with vastly improved\n selling efforts, has only brought us the same volume of\n business that we had last year but the increased\n organization expense, incident to this extra selling\n effort, and the extraordinary competition in the matter of\n price, has prevented us from obtaining prices that we\n should really obtain for our products.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/blockquote\u003eEdward Stone recommended a reduction in salaries\n across the board from the president on down, and layoffs of\n certain personnel.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhen Franklin D. Roosevelt first initiated his New Deal\n program in 1933, Edward Stone was apprehensive. In a letter\n dated July 26, 1933, he wrote: \n \u003cblockquote\u003e\u003cp\u003eWe would like the best in the world to go along with the\n National Industrial Recovery Act, and be able to wire\n President Roosevelt an affirmative reply in connection with\n the agreement addressed \"To Every Employer.\" \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eBut to do so, with my modest knowledge of economics,\n would mean arbitrary action on our part, with a \"blind\n faith\" that we do not possess. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eIf we still further reduce the working hours to 35\n per week (as the New Deal suggested) the increased cost of\n production reaches the geometric progression stage, with\n the result that our losses on current contracts, which we\n see no way of passing along to our customers until we would\n actually see no way of meeting our payroll or meeting our\n bills, would mean disaster. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eListening in over the radio last night I understand\n that 5,000 or more telegrams had been received by the\n President indicating unconditional acceptance of the\n Agreement. It is quite possible that we should do likewise,\n regardless, just as we offered ourselves, body and\n resources, in wartime. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eI am giving expression to these thoughts even though\n I feel the \"patriotic\" thing for us to do may be to go\n ahead, \"blindly,\" and in spite of our objections or reasons\n for not doing so, and sign the agreement. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVery Sincerely, \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eEdward L. Stone \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eChairman of the Board\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/blockquote\u003eClearly, Stone expected no miracles, but he went\n along with the N.I.R.A. and generally supported Roosevelt.\n There are references to increasing business by 1937.\n Correspondence ends the following year with Edward Stone's\n death. The Stone Printing Company, however, is in business to\n this very day.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Biography of Edward L. Stone Edward Lee Stone was born on September 15, 1864, in\n Liberty (now Bedford) Virginia, the son of John Harmon Stone\n and Mary Witt Stone. He was reared in very modest\n circumstances, and received no more than an elementary school\n education, yet he became one of the wealthiest and most\n prominent citizens in the state of Virginia.","Edward Stone's career in the printing business is typical\n of the fabled American dream. At ten years of age, having\n recently lost his father, Stone was in the boys' playground of\n his school. J. R. Guy, the editor of the Bedford Sentinel\n newspaper, came to the playground looking for William Fellers,\n Stone's cousin. When Stone asked Mr. Guy what he wanted with\n William, Guy replied \"I want him to carry the papers. Stone\n said, \"I'll carry 'em' for you.\" After being a delivery boy\n for the Sentinel, Stone learned to set type and worked\n evenings after school for five cents an evening; twenty-five\n cents on Saturday. Less than a year later, economics\n necessitated that he quit school to pursue his job full time.\n Stone learned his lessons well, and showed enthusiasm in every\n phase of his work. Young Stone worked alongside a window, and\n enjoyed nothing better than to jump out into the street and\n scrap with some passing youngster, returning to his duties\n after the fun was over.","Stone was given more and more duties which he performed to\n this employer's total satisfaction. At the age of sixteen, for\n some now-inexplicable reason, Stone left the newspaper\n business to work for a mercantile establishment, He soon grew\n bored, however, and returned to printer's ink. This time he\n worked for the Democrat, a weekly newspaper in Buchanan,\n Virginia, then a thriving town at the intersection of the\n James River and the Kanawha Canal.","Once, at the age of sixteen, Stone was entrusted with\n getting out an entire edition of the paper by himself. The\n editor was in court and many workmen were out sick. Stone and\n an assistant set type at breakneck speed beginning at 7:15\n A.M. and had the entire seven-column paper completed by noon\n --an amazing feat. Stone was out playing ball by 2 P.M. and\n earned a $5.00 bonus from his boss, editor William J. Boyd. In\n 1882, Boyd informed Stone that he was going to open a printing\n office in Roanoke, Virginia, then a small town. Boyd wanted\n Stone to be manager, and on July 20th, 1882, both men arrived\n in Roanoke. A place could not be found for the new enterprise\n however, and both returned to Buchanan. Stone became\n disillusioned with the small scope of opportunities Buchanan\n provided, and, with an ambition to \"become somebody\" in the\n printing business, set out for Lynchburg. Landing in Lynchburg\n in January 1883 he applied for work on the News and, after a\n few days, secured a position as compositor. Here he remained\n until March, achieving considerable reputation as a fast\n compositor, yet not satisfied. Stone really longed for a\n position in the printing business. John P. Bell offered Stone\n a minor position in a branch office he had planned to open in\n Roanoke. The position was, in most respects, inferior to the\n one he had already held, but Stone gladly took it. He worked\n hard, and showed superior business ability which impressed Mr.\n Bell so much that when the manager of the business died in\n 1885 his position was offered to Stone. The position was not\n offered without some misgivings because of Stone's youth (he\n was only twenty-one) and his lack of business experience.\n Stone, however, did such a good job as manager that Bell\n realized that he had made the right choice. Stone eventually\n gained control of the business and became president of the\n company.","His position was secure enough that in 1890, he married\n Miss Minnie Fishburn, daughter of J. A. Fishburn, a prominent\n business man of Roanoke. The couple had one child, Mary\n Katherine Stone.","Edward Stone's printing business grew in size and wealth.\n By 1920 it was acknowledged by many to be the best-equipped\n printing corporation in the south, and one of the largest as\n well. He had many other business interests. He was president\n of the Borderland Coal Corporation, president of the Virginia\n Bridge and Iron Company, vice president and later president of\n the Walker Foundry and Machine Company, chairman of the First\n National Exchange Bank, and president of his primary business\n and \"first love,\" the Stone Printing and Manufacturing\n Company.","In March 1896 Stone was presented with a petition signed by\n fourteen Roanoke business men requesting that he run for\n mayor. Stone was very tempted, but a law stating that no one\n in Roanoke public office would be permitted to do business\n with the city stopped him. Stone felt that not being able to\n do business with the city would be unfair to his stockholders.\n Stone, a civic-minded individual, was chairman of the Roanoke\n Community Fund in 1924, and of the City Planning and Zoning\n Commission. He was also chairman of the war bond committee\n during the First World War, and belonged to many societies and\n organizations, including the American Institute of Graphic\n Arts, the Florida State Historical Society, the Shenandoah\n Club of Roanoke, the Country Club of Roanoke, the Roanoke Gun\n Club, the Roanoke German Club, the Virginia Historical Society\n (life member), the Better Printing Committee of the United\n Typothetae of America, the Roanoke Rotary Club, the\n International Benjamin Franklin Society of New York, and the\n board of trustees of the Committee to Assist the Blind.","Edward Stone was also an extremely charitable man. He gave\n large sums of money to the Roanoke Hospital and the Roanoke\n Relief Fund, helped endow Roanoke College, gave heavily to the\n Boy Scouts and the War Relief Clearing House, and donated\n money to the Coal Miner's Relief Fund--even though it was\n those very coal miners who were striking in Stone's coal\n mines. He believed, however, that the miners' children should\n not have to suffer for their parents' stand. The Stones also\n gave money to support French children who had been left\n fatherless as a result of the war. Stone, a Presbyterian,\n donated $100.00 to the Jewish Relief Fund in 1917 to aid the\n starving Jews in Russia displaced by the war, and also sent\n funds to the Tuskeegee Institute.","Edward Stone's principal hobby was book collecting, and his\n library was appraised at $50,000.00 in 1939. Among his\n treasured pieces was a page from the original Gutenberg Bible.\n Stone's library was considered to be the largest and\n best-equipped privately-owned library in the state of\n Virginia.","Stone's income fluctuated through the years. In 1917 and\n 1918, partly through stock sales, Stone declared an income of\n $129,383.39 and $91,483.00 respectively, but 1926 was\n considered an average year, and he declared an income of\n $57,500.00.","Although Stone was a humanitarian and philanthropist, he\n believed in keeping total control of his business and watched\n his employees closely. He did not strongly oppose unionization\n in his printing shop, but fully opposed unionization in his\n coal mines, even using scabs to break strikes.","Stone suffered financial reversals during the Great\n Depression but he reorganized his holdings to prevent a great\n loss, and he weathered the Depression better than most\n businessmen. His health had begun to fail by 1929, and by 1934\n he was virtually bedridden. Finally, after a protracted\n illness, Edward L. Stone died on June 3, 1938, at the age of\n seventy-four.","A History of the Borderland Coal\n Company The Borderland Coal Company derived its name from its\n dual location in Mingo County, West Virginia, and Pike County,\n Kentucky, an area bordered by the Tug Fork of the Big Sandy\n River. The mines proper were located in Kentucky, and the coal\n washers and other processing equipment were located in West\n Virginia. The company operated from 1903 to 1934. While the\n Borderland Coal Company was incorporated in 1903, the first\n batch of coal was not shipped until September 1, 1904. In that\n year J. S. Tipton, formerly the majority stockholder, resigned\n his post as general manager of Borderland Coal and sold most\n of his stock to Edward L. Stone. At that time Stone was\n president of the Young Men's Investment Club which owned a\n large number of shares in the Borderland Coal Company, and\n thus, Stone controlled the club's activities.","The Borderland Coal Company initially owned approximately\n 1,000 acres of coal land. The company mined bituminous or soft\n coal, and sold slack coal, used by railroads and industrial\n concerns, egg coal, used in private furnaces, and nut coal,\n the highest quality of bituminous coal, used in the kitchens\n of private homes.","The Borderland Coal Company grew through the early 1900's.\n In 1905, a second plant was opened called simply \"Operation\n #2.\" The company declared its first stock dividend in November\n 1907, and began the construction of an electric plant,\n cableway, conveyor, and tipple at a cost of $27,950.00. In\n 1908 a new coal washer was installed. By late 1914 the\n Borderland Company held 3,000 acres of coal lands containing\n an estimated 20,000,000 tons of coal. The profits of the\n Borderland Coal Company increased from $1,250.00 in 1904 to\n $11,243.77 in 1905, to $49,977.21 in 1908, and to $110,532.68\n in 1910.","The amount of coal mined increased from 246 railroad\n carloads in 1904 to 3,781 railroad carloads in 1910, and\n expansion continued until the outbreak of World War I. The\n coal paid a regular annual dividend averaging 15-30%. Prior to\n 1911, the Leckie Coal Company of Cleveland, Ohio, was the\n exclusive agency for the sale of Borderland Coal. In that\n year, however, the Borderland Coal Sales Company was formed,\n with officers of the Borderland Coal Company doubling as\n officials of the new company.","The town of Borderland, West Virginia, was a company town,\n with company-owned homes, stores, school, and a church. The\n rents in the company homes appear to have been within the\n miners' incomes. The prices in the company stores, however,\n were exorbitant. In fact, profits for the company store were\n the second biggest money maker for the company in 1911,\n totaling $11,811.78. The largest profit maker was coal, which\n netted $91,741.07, while the sale of powder was ranked third,\n totaling $3,165.86.","World War I created a great demand and a high prices for\n coal, and the Borderland Coal Company prospered despite\n difficulty finding railroad cars to transport its produce. In\n 1917, the company paid a record 60% dividend. On January 1,\n 1918, the company re-chartered itself in Virginia, and\n patented the trademark and the name of the Borderland Coal\n Company. The new capital stock was valued at nearly\n $800,000.00. In November 1918 construction began on a new\n tipple at a cost of $116,000.00. After the First World War,\n the Borderland Coal Company experienced a decrease in both the\n demand and the price of coal. The problem of labor and\n unionization, however, ultimately caused the company's\n demise.","Borderland Coal Company officials had been concerned over\n the growth of coal mine unionization long before any major\n trouble began. As early as 1915, L. E. Armentrout, the\n corporation's Vice President and General Manager began using\n \"secret service men\" to infiltrate the ranks of the miners and\n report on any union activity. It is not known whether these\n agents were U.S. government agents or private investigators,\n but the latter is presumed. One of them reported on March 10,\n 1915:","I spent the entire day Monday with Emmett and Ed McKee,\n Gus Cantrell, and Henry McKnight, all white Americans. We\n played cards in an empty house on the Kentucky side. We had\n a nice fire and everything was very comfortable. We would\n play cards until we got tired, then we would stop\n everything and talk unionism. Gus Cantrell said that he had\n been talking to the boys for the last year, trying to get\n them to organize a local of the U.M.W. of A. He said that\n there was plenty of good, solid union men and that there\n were also a lot of rotten scabs here. That he got into a\n conversation with George McCormick, a white man, and\n McCormick told him that he didn't believe in the union and\n that he didn't want anything to do with the U.M.W. of A. .\n . . I told Cantrell that I would be willing to help\n organize the local. He said, \"Well, the work is picking up\n now and we will wait until the boys get a good pay day,\n then we will put this thing through.\"","Borderland Coal Company successfully resisted unionization\n in the years before World War I. Wartime regulations prevented\n strikes and hindered unionization, but after the war many\n miners felt that it was time to air their grievances. Miners\n disagreed over specific demands, but most felt that grave\n inequalities existed in the rates for day workers established\n by the Bituminous Coal Commission. The miners requested that a\n conference be held but this request was turned down by the\n Commission. Dissatisfaction became more pronounced, and during\n the middle of July 1920 the miners in some of the subdistricts\n walked out in an unauthorized strike. Shutdowns spread to\n Indiana and Illinois. President Woodrow Wilson intervened and\n told the miners that if they returned to work a grievance\n committee would be formed. The miners returned to work August\n 10, 1920, and the committee was set up. Management and labor\n agreed on a wage increase and all was quiet for a while.","West Virginia was in a unique position in that most of the\n mines in that state were non-union. The Interstate Commerce\n Commission fixed freight rates with a \"differential\" low\n enough that West Virginia coal would not be eliminated by\n production from other fields closer to their market. When the\n market for coal was good, the differential also allowed the\n union coal fields of Indiana, Michigan, and Illinois to pay\n the union scale of wages and still sell their coal in\n competition with the product of non-union fields, such as\n those in West Virginia. When the demand for coal was low and\n prices receded, however, the differential no longer aided the\n union fields and they began to experience an adverse effect.\n These conditions appeared after the First World War, and as a\n result operators of unionized mines demanded the unionization\n of the Wast Virginia coal fields. Thus the U.M.W. put pressure\n on all non-union fields, including those of the Borderland\n Coal Company. Borderland Coal Company had been fairly quiet\n about unionization up to this time. On May 5, 1920, however,\n L. E. Armentrout had issued the following notice:","TO THE PRESENT OR FUTURE EMPLOYEES OF THE BORDERLAND\n COAL COMPANY \n Considerable efforts are being made to organize this\n field and certain advantages are being held out to some men\n showing the advisability of belonging to the Union. \n This is a free country and this company is not going\n to dictate to its employees whether they shall or shall not\n join the Union, but for your information and for the\n information of your friends, we wish to state positively\n that no Union man will be employed by this company, and if\n you find that it is to your interest to join the Union, we\n would suggest that you arrange to move out and call at the\n office and we will be glad to settle with you. This will\n save you as well as the company further trouble, but we\n sincerely hope that the pleasant relations between the\n Company and the men will continue, and that each and every\n one of you will continue in our employ. \n Yours very truly, \n L. E. Armentrout, \n Manager \n ","By late May, 1920 the situation had become acute.\n Armentrout wrote to James P. Woods, president of the\n Borderland Coal Company:","The organizers have just about put us out of business at\n both plants . . . We have a good many men who have not\n joined the Union, but these agitators are intimidating them\n and have them so scared they won't attempt to try to work.\n I will have a conference with the West Virginia attorneys\n today to see if I cannot get a temporary injunction, or\n probably prosecution for these intimidators. \n We have three Deputy Sheriffs in Kentucky and expect\n two more in today. We have both plants pretty well policed\n at night, but still some of the intimidators slip through\n the mines and get to some of the men. . . \n Now that the primary is over, we believe that\n Unionism will die out. . . . In fact, no Union cards have\n been issued and for the past two or three days they have\n not been able to locate the man who has been giving them\n orders on the stores. Some of them (the fired Union Men)\n have already remarked that they could not support their\n families on $7.00 to $8.00 a week, and they hated to go to\n bed at night when their children were crying for something\n to eat.","Unionism, however, did not die out. Union \"agitators\" saw\n to that no coal could be mined at the Borderland Company's\n coal fields. In a letter to Stone dated July 6, 1920,\n Armentrout stated that he was able to get \"very little action\n from the Governor of West Virginia. . .I just finished talking\n to Governor Morrow's office in Frankfort, Kentucky, and the\n home guards will likely entrain today. They will likely have\n machine guns so if that they get in according to promise, we\n think that conditions will improve very rapidly.\"","The Borderland Coal Company kept its promise and\n dispossessed hundreds of its employees. Fired from their jobs\n and ousted from their homes, they were forced to live in\n tents. In a union pamphlet entitled \"Borderland and Bullets\"\n these men told of the horrible indignities forced on company\n employees who joined the union. The purpose of the pamphlet\n was to oppose the re-election of Colonel James P. Woods,\n president of the Borderland Coal Company, to the U. S. House\n of Representatives. Woods ran for re-election in the sixth\n Virginia district claiming that he had been always fair to the\n working man, and he won.","The situation at Borderland soon deteriorated into\n violence. A pamphlet dated \"winter, 1920\" and entitled \n Hell with the Lid Off in Mingo\n County, West Virginia, gives an account of drunken\n company guards wounding a number of workers by firing into\n their tents. On May 12, 1920, Edward Stone, chairman of the\n board of the Borderland Coal Company, had examined an\n advertisement for the Thompson sub-machine gun but had decided\n that \"the gun is not sufficient for our needs at the mine.\" On\n May 16 Governor John J. Cornwell of West Virginia sent a\n telegram to the War Department in Washington requesting that\n Federal troops be sent to the Tug River District, where\n Borderland Coal Company was located. There had been fighting\n in the Tug River District for nearly four days. Secretary of\n War John Weeks, basing his decision on reports from one of his\n staff officers who had visited the area, decided that federal\n troops were not needed. Four days later Governor Cornwell\n declared martial law in West Virginia. Militiamen from both\n Kentucky and West Virginia were involved in the fighting.","In the summer of 1921 the U. M. W. began its famous \"summer\n march\" which precipitated guerilla warfare between the\n pro-union and anti-union forces. On June 29, Governor Cornwell\n ordered the citizens of West Virginia to take up arms and\n defend themselves against the pro-unionists. The papers of the\n Borderland Coal Company include lists of casualties written on\n scrap paper, such as \"Stone Mountain, 5 Baldwin men and 4\n citizens killed (one the mayor), 2 Feltz Bros. killed, 2\n military companies there, 2 on the way.\" In April 1922 the\n coal miners' grievances came to a head and they struck. They\n demanded a continuation of the system of bargaining and\n contract, including the \"checkoff,\" which is a list devised to\n check on payment of union dues. In addition to demanding\n stable wage rates, the miners demanded a six-hour day and a\n five-day week. These increased hours would mean steady\n employment, one of the miners' main goals.","The strike apparently took some pressure off the Borderland\n Coal Company because after 1922 there is little or nothing in\n the collection regarding unionization. Company officials had\n managed to avoid unionization of their mines but had caused\n the company much damage in the process. Bitter feelings\n prevailed after the strike. A letter from L. E. Armentrout to\n the Borderland Coal Company dated 1923 states:","Gentlemen, \n My attention has just been called to the enclosed\n blotter bearing the union label. It has been the policy of\n this company for several years, in fact, ever since we have\n been in business, not to recognize any Union whatever. We\n spent, or lost, something like $300,000.00 fighting the\n United Mine Workers here in 1920 and 1921, and also have\n some injunctions against them. \n For your information, please do not place any more\n printing with any Union shop, and if you have any more of\n these blotters, tear them up or dispose of them otherwise\n as it is inconsistent with our policy, and we positively\n will not stand for it.","While much of the collection regards labor struggles, there\n is little material regarding immigrant labor although 40% of\n the workers were immigrants. West Virginia was a sparsely\n populated state at this time, and immigrants were needed to\n supplement the labor in their mines. The first constitution of\n the state provided for the appointment of an immigration\n officer whose duties were to advertise the attractions of West\n Virginia throughout Europe and make arrangements with\n industries to supply transportation for foreign workmen. Of\n the 80,877 workers employed in the West Virginia coal mines in\n 1915, 49,753 were American-born (37,918 white and 11,835\n black) and 31,124 were foreign-born. Italians made up the\n largest percentage of the immigrant labor force, about one\n third of all foreigners employed in the mines while Hungarians\n comprised the second-most prevalent nationality, approximately\n one-sixth of the foreign born total.","The Borderland Coal Company never fully recovered from the\n trouble that paralyzed its mines in 1920. The 1920's were a\n very depressed period for the mining industry in general and\n the depression of 1929 brought prices to an all time low. Coal\n production fell precipitously from 1927-1933 although there\n seemed to be a slight upturn that year. In 1927, L. E.\n Armentrout resigned from the company and a year later the\n Borderland Coal Sales Company was dissolved due to lack of\n business. The Norfolk and Chesapeake Coal Company became\n exclusive agents for the sale of Borderland coal. At a meeting\n of the Borderland Coal Company's board of directors in 1929,\n it was stated that since the market for coal was so poor, it\n hardly paid to keep the mines going. The Borderland Coal\n Company mines were only worked four days during the entire\n month of May 1932. In a letter from Edward L. Stone to a\n Borderland Coal Company creditor, Stone wrote that as the\n Borderland Coal Company did not have the money to pay its\n debts, all creditors would have to wait for their money, and\n that he hoped that he could avoid declaring the Borderland\n Coal Company bankrupt. In 1934 Stone received a letter from a\n stockholder consoling him for having to \"lose Borderland\n Coal.\" Apparently the company was then out of business.","The demise of the Borderland Coal Company was the result of\n broad national trends; the product of their mines was of high\n quality, and in good supply. The problem of labor and\n unionization paralyzed the Borderland Coal Company. Lack of\n production in the mines meant that the Borderland Coal Company\n could not pay dividends which affected their stockholders. The\n bad mining conditions, a lack of demand for coal and low\n market prices made it impossible for the Borderland Coal\n Company to recover. The return of the coal-rich region of\n Alsace-Lorraine to France meant that our allies no longer\n needed American coal. Domestic demand increased, but it did\n not compensate for decreased industrial use. The switch to\n alternative forms of energy such as oil, also damaged the coal\n industry. Although prosperity returned to the rest of the\n country, the coal industry never totally recovered, and the\n Borderland Coal Company was one of the victims.","Officers of the Borderland Coal Company: Edward Lee Stone\n --President ca. 1907-1919, Chairman of the Board 1919-ca.\n 1934; James P. Woods (attorney at law --U. S. Representative,\n 6th Virginia District) --Vice President ca. 1905-1922,\n President 1922-1932; L. E. Armentrout --Manager ca. 1905-1915,\n Vice President and Manager ca. 1915-1927; Ernest B. Fishburn\n --Secretary-Treasurer ca. 1905-1930","Officers of the Borderland Coal Sales Company: L. E.\n Armentrout --President; Edward Lee Stone --Vice President;\n James P. Woods --second Vice President; R. N. Osborne,\n Jr.--Secretary (discharged in 1924); W. W.\n Austin--Secretary.","A History of the Stone Printing and\n Manufacturing Company The Stone Printing and Manufacturing Company of Roanoke,\n Virginia, was established in 1883 as the Bell Printing and\n Manufacturing Company. John P. Bell of Lynchburg served as\n president, and Samuel J. Fields of Abington, Virginia, served\n as manager. Edward L. Stone, the eventual chairman of the\n board, was then employed as a journeyman printer and pressman.\n In 1885, Stone succeeded Fields as the company's manager, and\n his brother, Albert A. Stone, joined the business.","At this time the company occupied a small site on Commerce\n Street in Roanoke, an area about twenty by twenty-five feet.\n In 1889 the plant was seriously damaged by fire, and within a\n few months, the company moved to larger quarters on the second\n and third floors of the Gale Building on Jefferson Street.\n Shortly thereafter, the controlling interest was purchased by\n Edward L. Stone, with the remainder of the stock being\n purchased by J. B. Fishburn and Albert A. Stone.","In 1892, the name of the company was changed to the Stone\n Printing and Manufacturing Company, and the company occupied a\n new, three-story building at 116 North Jefferson Street. In\n 1896, a duplicate building was added on the north side; in a\n few years another addition was placed at the rear. The company\n built another addition in 1902 but five years later the old\n structure was torn down and a new two-stories building, 210 x\n 110 feet, was completed. The new structure gave the Stone\n Printing Company 50,000 square feet of space, which is about\n 100 times the floor space originally occupied on Commerce\n Street. The company today occupies the same site on Jefferson\n Street.","In 1883 the capital stock of the company was $5,000.00, and\n in 1900, it was increased to $50,000.00. In 1910 the capital\n stock had grown to $350,000.00. All of the stock increases\n were taken, with one exception, by the original stockholders.\n Sales grew from $84,371.00 in 1900 to $179,433.78 in 1905, and\n from $253,781.15 in 1909 to a high of $608,174.36 in 1920.","Stone had considered selling his printing company to a\n British syndicate in 1912. He felt, however, that business was\n good and getting better and eventually decided to retain\n control. By 1920 the Stone Printing Company had customers in\n half the states in the union and in some foreign countries.\n Between 1920 and 1929, however, sales showed a steady decline.\n In 1929 they fell to $399,701.43 and declined throughout the\n depression.","The Stone Printing Company's most important business came\n from railroads as the company printed tariff and rate\n schedules as well as tickets. Since the railroad rates changed\n rapidly during the early 1900's, railroad printing was very\n lucrative. The principal railroad customer and in fact, the\n largest customer, of the Stone Printing Company was the\n Norfolk and Western Railroad. In 1910 the Norfolk and Western\n Railroad accounted for $85,652.60 in sales. Combined with the\n sales to other railroads in 1910, the total of railroad sales\n was approximately $193,000.00 of a total of $339,678.92 --well\n over half of the total sales of the Stone Printing\n Company.","Commercial printing comprised the second largest source of\n the Stone Printing Company's business, accounting for\n $135,110.32 of a total $608,174.36 in 1920. The fourth largest\n amount of business, after the Norfolk and Western Railway,\n other railroads, and commercial printing, was school and\n college printing. The Stone Printing Company printed the\n yearbooks for the University of Virginia, the Georgia\n Institute of Technology, the University of Mississippi,\n Randolph-Macon College, Hollins College, Virginia Polytechnic\n Institute, and others.","The profit margin in printing often was small, and thus\n costs had to be carefully controlled. Edward L. Stone was a\n commissioner of the American Printers Cost Commission which\n kept a close watch on printing costs and tried to keep them\n down. Another serious problem that bothered Stone Printing\n Company was unionization. As most Roanoke printing shops,\n Stone Printing Company was an open shop where either union or\n non-union people could be employed. The company's officers did\n not penalize or prevent workers from joining the union. The\n International Typographical Union, however, put pressure on\n Edward Stone to turn his establishment into a closed shop,\n that is, a shop that would hire only union members, pay union\n wages, and abide by union rules. Paying union wages did not\n trouble Stone because he already paid more than the union\n scale in most cases. For example, in 1905 when the union scale\n was $13.50 per week, Stone pointed out that while two of his\n employees received less and one received the union wage, over\n forty workers received between $15.00 and $25.00 per week.\n Stone felt it folly to pay all workers the same because, he\n said, \"some are so much better than others.\"","Edward Stone's paternalistic attitude toward his employees\n is reflected in a collection of letters exchanged with his\n workers. Forced to fire an employee who lied about being able\n to work on a printing press, Stone lent him the money to go to\n printing school, and re-hired him when he had learned the\n trade. Another worker left the company without notice, heading\n home to Lexington, Virginia. When the employee needed money to\n return to Roanoke, Stone lent it to him with the understanding\n that the employee would never again leave without asking\n Stone's permission. Another employee left Stone without notice\n to work for another printing firm, but when the employee\n wanted his old job back, Stone gave it to him. Stone\n frequently lent money to his employees, and did not press them\n for repayment.","Many of the union's rules, however bothered Stone. Among\n the ones he objected to were (1) in all cases when it became\n necessary to reduce the working force of an office, the last\n person hired should be the first dropped; (2) in machine\n composition, all work must be time work and no piece work\n should be allowed; (3) no member of the International\n Typographical Union should engage in a speed contest either by\n hand composition or on machines, and violation of this rule\n was to be punished by a fine of not less than $25.00, or by\n suspension; (4) an eight hour day (Stone Printing had a 9 to\n 9-1/2 hour day); and (5) no one holding active membership in a\n local union should sign any individual or private contract\n with any employer, agreeing to work for any stated time,\n length, or conditions as the union alone was to have the power\n to contract for conditions, wages, and hours. This fifth\n stipulation bothered Stone the most for he firmly believed\n that an employee should perform whatever duty Stone demanded\n of him.","On November 20, 1907, there was a union strike in Roanoke.\n The union men employed by the Stone Printing Company walked\n out, and the union formed a picket line in front of the Stone\n Printing Company. Stone wrote to Joel Cuthin, Mayor of\n Roanoke: \"We have never been opposed to the union, but we have\n objected to having them run our business, unless they acquired\n it by ownership.\" The union put pressure on the Stone Printing\n Company. A memo to Edward Stone from Albert Stone dated 1915\n told of some Stone Printing Company material being returned by\n certain Roanoke merchants because they did not bear the union\n label. The amount of material returned, however, was very\n small. The union pressure placed on Stone was generally\n peaceful and there was no violence or destruction. After the\n unsuccessful strike, Stone took back all of his union men.","After 1920 the company's sales and profits declined. In\n 1927, Albert Stone, who had assumed the presidency of the\n company, commissioned Ernst and Ernst, financial analysts, to\n examine the operation of Stone Printing and make\n recommendations for improving business. The analysts found\n Stone Printing to be an innovative company which sought and\n found new markets such as school and college printing and the\n printing of calendars, and which had sound leadership. Ernst\n and Ernst felt that it was a change in economic conditions,\n not the company itself, that caused the company's problems.\n Competition had changed and grown in intensity by 1920, making\n the ability to sell most important. The analysts recommended\n the creation of a sales department coupled with more\n aggressive selling techniques.","Later, Albert Stone, Jr., Edward Stone's nephew, claimed\n that it was the reluctance of the Stone Printing Company to\n cut prices during the depression of 1919-1922 that caused the\n company's problems. He claimed that by the time the company\n did cut its prices, Stone Printing had lost many of its most\n valued customers, and suggested a closer watch of costs\n coupled with an expansion of the calendar line. Although these\n suggestions were followed, business did not improve.","When the Great Depression hit in 1929, business worsened.\n Loyal customers and a solid financial base kept the Stone\n Printing Company from bankruptcy. Edward Stone's health was\n failing by 1929, and most of the company's affairs were passed\n on to his brother Albert. In a letter from Edward Stone to the\n board of directors in 1930, he wrote: \n the years operations to date, with vastly improved\n selling efforts, has only brought us the same volume of\n business that we had last year but the increased\n organization expense, incident to this extra selling\n effort, and the extraordinary competition in the matter of\n price, has prevented us from obtaining prices that we\n should really obtain for our products. Edward Stone recommended a reduction in salaries\n across the board from the president on down, and layoffs of\n certain personnel.","When Franklin D. Roosevelt first initiated his New Deal\n program in 1933, Edward Stone was apprehensive. In a letter\n dated July 26, 1933, he wrote: \n We would like the best in the world to go along with the\n National Industrial Recovery Act, and be able to wire\n President Roosevelt an affirmative reply in connection with\n the agreement addressed \"To Every Employer.\" \n But to do so, with my modest knowledge of economics,\n would mean arbitrary action on our part, with a \"blind\n faith\" that we do not possess. \n If we still further reduce the working hours to 35\n per week (as the New Deal suggested) the increased cost of\n production reaches the geometric progression stage, with\n the result that our losses on current contracts, which we\n see no way of passing along to our customers until we would\n actually see no way of meeting our payroll or meeting our\n bills, would mean disaster. \n Listening in over the radio last night I understand\n that 5,000 or more telegrams had been received by the\n President indicating unconditional acceptance of the\n Agreement. It is quite possible that we should do likewise,\n regardless, just as we offered ourselves, body and\n resources, in wartime. \n I am giving expression to these thoughts even though\n I feel the \"patriotic\" thing for us to do may be to go\n ahead, \"blindly,\" and in spite of our objections or reasons\n for not doing so, and sign the agreement. \n Very Sincerely, \n Edward L. Stone \n Chairman of the Board Clearly, Stone expected no miracles, but he went\n along with the N.I.R.A. and generally supported Roosevelt.\n There are references to increasing business by 1937.\n Correspondence ends the following year with Edward Stone's\n death. The Stone Printing Company, however, is in business to\n this very day."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEdward L. Stone/Borderland Coal Company Papers,\n Accession #382, Special Collections, University of Virginia\n Library, Charlottesville, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Edward L. Stone/Borderland Coal Company Papers,\n Accession #382, Special Collections, University of Virginia\n Library, Charlottesville, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThese papers fill 455 special four-inch Hollinger storage\n boxes (ca. 150 linear feet) and span the years 1895-1937.\n There are three major series: Edward L. Stone's papers re his\n personal life and diversified business, professional, and\n civic concerns; papers concerned with his principal business,\n the Stone Printing and Manufacturing Company of Roanoke,\n Virginia; and those papers concerned with the Borderland Coal\n Company of West Virginia and Kentucky of which Stone was the\n principal officer for many years. Because these series\n basically are composed of Stone's personal papers, and because\n there are interrelationships between material in one series\n and that in another, the series have been maintained in the\n boxes in the order in which they were found.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe papers are rich in material for many types of studies.\n Because Stone's major concern was his printing business, there\n is a great amount of material about that business, its labor\n problems, economic problems, its professional associations,\n relationships with its customers --especially the railroads\n --and so on. Because Mr. Stone collected medieval manuscripts\n and examples of fine printing that formed a great private\n library, there is, in his personal papers, a good deal of\n correspondence and material about this special interest. His\n personal papers also contain considerable material about his\n diversified business and civic interests. And the records of\n the Borderland Coal Company--which Mr. Stone operated either\n as president or as chairman of the board for twenty-seven\n years--are rich in information concerning this vital industry,\n its periods of economic success and decline, its relationships\n with the railroads that moved its products, and its labor\n problems.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAll items listed below are blueprints.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAll items listed below are blueprints.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAll items listed below are blueprints.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["These papers fill 455 special four-inch Hollinger storage\n boxes (ca. 150 linear feet) and span the years 1895-1937.\n There are three major series: Edward L. Stone's papers re his\n personal life and diversified business, professional, and\n civic concerns; papers concerned with his principal business,\n the Stone Printing and Manufacturing Company of Roanoke,\n Virginia; and those papers concerned with the Borderland Coal\n Company of West Virginia and Kentucky of which Stone was the\n principal officer for many years. Because these series\n basically are composed of Stone's personal papers, and because\n there are interrelationships between material in one series\n and that in another, the series have been maintained in the\n boxes in the order in which they were found.","The papers are rich in material for many types of studies.\n Because Stone's major concern was his printing business, there\n is a great amount of material about that business, its labor\n problems, economic problems, its professional associations,\n relationships with its customers --especially the railroads\n --and so on. Because Mr. Stone collected medieval manuscripts\n and examples of fine printing that formed a great private\n library, there is, in his personal papers, a good deal of\n correspondence and material about this special interest. His\n personal papers also contain considerable material about his\n diversified business and civic interests. And the records of\n the Borderland Coal Company--which Mr. Stone operated either\n as president or as chairman of the board for twenty-seven\n years--are rich in information concerning this vital industry,\n its periods of economic success and decline, its relationships\n with the railroads that moved its products, and its labor\n problems.","All items listed below are blueprints.","All items listed below are blueprints.","All items listed below are blueprints."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee the \n \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.library.virginia.edu/policies/use-of-materials\"\u003e\n University of Virginia Library’s use policy.\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["See the \n \n University of Virginia Library’s use policy."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":2216,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T12:16:02.259Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_viu00663_c01_c502"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_622_c01_c117","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"WMRA","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_622_c01_c117#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_622_c01_c117","ref_ssm":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_622_c01_c117"],"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_622_c01_c117","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_622","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_622","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_622_c01","parent_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_622_c01","parent_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_622","vihart_repositories_4_resources_622_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_622","vihart_repositories_4_resources_622_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["James Madison University Historic Photographs","Historic Photographs"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["James Madison University Historic Photographs","Historic Photographs"],"text":["James Madison University Historic Photographs","Historic Photographs","WMRA","box 4","folder 17"],"title_filing_ssi":"WMRA","title_ssm":["WMRA"],"title_tesim":["WMRA"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1909-1985"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1909/1985"],"normalized_title_ssm":["WMRA"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"collection_ssim":["James Madison University Historic Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":118,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Copyright for materials authored or otherwise produced as official business of James Madison University is retained by James Madison University. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user. For more information, contact the Special Collections Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"date_range_isim":[1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985],"containers_ssim":["box 4","folder 17"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#116","timestamp":"2026-05-24T23:27:55.820Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_622","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_622","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_622","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_622","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_622.xml","title_ssm":["James Madison University Historic Photographs"],"title_tesim":["James Madison University Historic Photographs"],"unitdate_ssm":["1909-circa 2000"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1909-circa 2000"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["UA 0051","/repositories/4/resources/622"],"text":["UA 0051","/repositories/4/resources/622","James Madison University Historic Photographs","Color photographs","Black-and-white photographs","Photographs","Negatives (photographs)","Photographic postcards","Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Digitized photographs in this collection can be found here: https://www.lib.jmu.edu/special/jmu-historic-photos/","Photographs were donated by multiple sources. Due to the artificial nature of this collection, an administrative history does not apply.","The photographs in this folder were previously identified as Gifford Hall and Wayland Hall, but the architectural elements confirm that they are Converse Hall. The Wayland Hall folder was combined with the contents of the Gifford Hall folder and the folder was relabeled as Converse Hall.","Four photographs have not been digitized.","In 1997, photographs in Series 1: JMU Historic Photos, 1909-1985, were scanned by Special Collections staff using Index Color, which resulted in a drop in image quality. Subsequently, the photographs in Series 2: JMU Historic Photos, 1985-ca.2000 were also scanned. In the early 2000s, the images were made available as a digital collection online, as the JMU Historic Photographs. In 2018, Digital Collections staff scanned all of the photographs as high resolution TIFFs, and also created JPEGs.","In 1994, Dr. John Woody, professor in the School of Arts Media and Design, instigated a project to scan photographs described as \"current to the university\" onto CDs, with the intention of making them available for purchase at the Center for Instructive Technology for anyone interested in using JMU photographs for presentations. Many of the photographs originated from the JMU Photography Services' 35mm slide collection, or were taken by Craig Baugher. A second CD included images of east campus buildings and student activities. These cds were noted as being held in Special Collections in an early online version of the digital photograph collection. However, these cds were not found in 2019, at the time of processing.","JMU Libraries staff is actively migrating the historic photos collection to a new platform which will replace the current historic photograph webpages by Summer 2027. To request high resolution reproductions of the historic photographs, contact library-special@jmu.edu.","The James Madison University Historic Photographs include photographs taken between 1909-ca. 2000, from the inception of university as the State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg until the late 1990s. These photos depict notable events, faculty, students, student groups, student activities, building exteriors, building interiors, campus aerials, guest speakers, and everyday life at James Madison University.","Includes panoramic photographs of the student body.","Includes aerial photograph of the Quad, field day with Rockingham Memorial Hospital in the background, group of women students, and picture postcard of the Quad.","Copyright for materials authored or otherwise produced as official business of James Madison University is retained by James Madison University. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user. For more information, contact the Special Collections Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The James Madison University Historic Photographs, 1909-circa 2000, comprises approximately 1700 photographs that depict notable events, activities, faculty, students, students groups, places, and everyday life at James Madison University and the surrounding community between 1909-ca. 2000.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","Madison College -- History","James Madison University -- History","James Madison University -- Buildings -- History","James Madison University -- Students -- History","James Madison University -- Faculty -- History","James Madison University -- Administration -- History","University Farm (1929-)","Jennings, Lillian Pegues, 1926-2016","English"],"unitid_tesim":["UA 0051","/repositories/4/resources/622"],"normalized_title_ssm":["James Madison University Historic Photographs"],"collection_title_tesim":["James Madison University Historic Photographs"],"collection_ssim":["James Madison University Historic Photographs"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright for materials authored or otherwise produced as official business of James Madison University is retained by James Madison University. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user. For more information, contact the Special Collections Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The photographs housed in this collection were contributed to Special Collections by individual donors, collected from JMU organizations and affiliates, or pulled from alumni collections by former Special Collections staff, from 1994-ca. 2007. Known donors include: Inez Roop, Bernice Catherine Jones, Charlotte Michael, Mrs. D. Patrick Snider, Mary Spitzer, Ethel Stevanus, Dr. Daniel McFarland, Craig Baugher, Fred Hilton, Jim Richardson, Milla Sue Wisecarver, and JMU Photography Services."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Color photographs","Black-and-white photographs","Photographs","Negatives (photographs)","Photographic postcards"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Color photographs","Black-and-white photographs","Photographs","Negatives (photographs)","Photographic postcards"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2.07 cubic feet 5 boxes, 1 flat file"],"extent_tesim":["2.07 cubic feet 5 boxes, 1 flat file"],"genreform_ssim":["Color photographs","Black-and-white photographs","Photographs","Negatives (photographs)","Photographic postcards"],"date_range_isim":[1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDigitized photographs in this collection can be found here: https://www.lib.jmu.edu/special/jmu-historic-photos/\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Other Formats Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["Digitized photographs in this collection can be found here: https://www.lib.jmu.edu/special/jmu-historic-photos/"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePhotographs were donated by multiple sources. Due to the artificial nature of this collection, an administrative history does not apply.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Administrative History"],"bioghist_tesim":["Photographs were donated by multiple sources. Due to the artificial nature of this collection, an administrative history does not apply."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe photographs in this folder were previously identified as Gifford Hall and Wayland Hall, but the architectural elements confirm that they are Converse Hall. The Wayland Hall folder was combined with the contents of the Gifford Hall folder and the folder was relabeled as Converse Hall.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFour photographs have not been digitized.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General","General"],"odd_tesim":["The photographs in this folder were previously identified as Gifford Hall and Wayland Hall, but the architectural elements confirm that they are Converse Hall. The Wayland Hall folder was combined with the contents of the Gifford Hall folder and the folder was relabeled as Converse Hall.","Four photographs have not been digitized."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], James Madison University Historic Photographs, 1919-circa 2000, UA 0051, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], James Madison University Historic Photographs, 1919-circa 2000, UA 0051, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 1997, photographs in Series 1: JMU Historic Photos, 1909-1985, were scanned by Special Collections staff using Index Color, which resulted in a drop in image quality. Subsequently, the photographs in Series 2: JMU Historic Photos, 1985-ca.2000 were also scanned. In the early 2000s, the images were made available as a digital collection online, as the JMU Historic Photographs. In 2018, Digital Collections staff scanned all of the photographs as high resolution TIFFs, and also created JPEGs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1994, Dr. John Woody, professor in the School of Arts Media and Design, instigated a project to scan photographs described as \"current to the university\" onto CDs, with the intention of making them available for purchase at the Center for Instructive Technology for anyone interested in using JMU photographs for presentations. Many of the photographs originated from the JMU Photography Services' 35mm slide collection, or were taken by Craig Baugher. A second CD included images of east campus buildings and student activities. These cds were noted as being held in Special Collections in an early online version of the digital photograph collection. However, these cds were not found in 2019, at the time of processing.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJMU Libraries staff is actively migrating the historic photos collection to a new platform which will replace the current historic photograph webpages by Summer 2027. To request high resolution reproductions of the historic photographs, contact library-special@jmu.edu.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In 1997, photographs in Series 1: JMU Historic Photos, 1909-1985, were scanned by Special Collections staff using Index Color, which resulted in a drop in image quality. Subsequently, the photographs in Series 2: JMU Historic Photos, 1985-ca.2000 were also scanned. In the early 2000s, the images were made available as a digital collection online, as the JMU Historic Photographs. In 2018, Digital Collections staff scanned all of the photographs as high resolution TIFFs, and also created JPEGs.","In 1994, Dr. John Woody, professor in the School of Arts Media and Design, instigated a project to scan photographs described as \"current to the university\" onto CDs, with the intention of making them available for purchase at the Center for Instructive Technology for anyone interested in using JMU photographs for presentations. Many of the photographs originated from the JMU Photography Services' 35mm slide collection, or were taken by Craig Baugher. A second CD included images of east campus buildings and student activities. These cds were noted as being held in Special Collections in an early online version of the digital photograph collection. However, these cds were not found in 2019, at the time of processing.","JMU Libraries staff is actively migrating the historic photos collection to a new platform which will replace the current historic photograph webpages by Summer 2027. To request high resolution reproductions of the historic photographs, contact library-special@jmu.edu."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe James Madison University Historic Photographs include photographs taken between 1909-ca. 2000, from the inception of university as the State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg until the late 1990s. These photos depict notable events, faculty, students, student groups, student activities, building exteriors, building interiors, campus aerials, guest speakers, and everyday life at James Madison University.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes panoramic photographs of the student body.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes aerial photograph of the Quad, field day with Rockingham Memorial Hospital in the background, group of women students, and picture postcard of the Quad.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The James Madison University Historic Photographs include photographs taken between 1909-ca. 2000, from the inception of university as the State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg until the late 1990s. These photos depict notable events, faculty, students, student groups, student activities, building exteriors, building interiors, campus aerials, guest speakers, and everyday life at James Madison University.","Includes panoramic photographs of the student body.","Includes aerial photograph of the Quad, field day with Rockingham Memorial Hospital in the background, group of women students, and picture postcard of the Quad."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright for materials authored or otherwise produced as official business of James Madison University is retained by James Madison University. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user. For more information, contact the Special Collections Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright for materials authored or otherwise produced as official business of James Madison University is retained by James Madison University. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user. For more information, contact the Special Collections Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_83e560e98fddf3237a4872324b030a30\"\u003eThe James Madison University Historic Photographs, 1909-circa 2000, comprises approximately 1700 photographs that depict notable events, activities, faculty, students, students groups, places, and everyday life at James Madison University and the surrounding community between 1909-ca. 2000.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The James Madison University Historic Photographs, 1909-circa 2000, comprises approximately 1700 photographs that depict notable events, activities, faculty, students, students groups, places, and everyday life at James Madison University and the surrounding community between 1909-ca. 2000."],"names_coll_ssim":["State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","Madison College -- History","James Madison University -- History","James Madison University -- Buildings -- History","James Madison University -- Students -- History","James Madison University -- Faculty -- History","James Madison University -- Administration -- History"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","Madison College -- History","James Madison University -- History","James Madison University -- Buildings -- History","James Madison University -- Students -- History","James Madison University -- Faculty -- History","James Madison University -- Administration -- History","University Farm (1929-)","Jennings, Lillian Pegues, 1926-2016"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","Madison College -- History","James Madison University -- History","James Madison University -- Buildings -- History","James Madison University -- Students -- History","James Madison University -- Faculty -- History","James Madison University -- Administration -- History","University Farm (1929-)"],"persname_ssim":["Jennings, Lillian Pegues, 1926-2016"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":169,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-24T23:27:55.820Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_622_c01_c117"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1159","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"W. O. Goodwin \u0026 Company Account Books","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1159#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The collection contains account books that provide names of customers and descriptions of items purchased from W. O. Goodwin \u0026amp; Company, a general mercantile store in Glenvar (Roanoke County), Virginia, during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1159#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1159","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1159","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1159","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1159","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1159.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Goodwin, W. O., \u0026 Company Account Books","title_ssm":["W. O. Goodwin \u0026 Company Account Books"],"title_tesim":["W. O. Goodwin \u0026 Company Account Books"],"unitdate_ssm":["1896-1920"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1896-1920"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1940.012"],"text":["Ms.1940.012","W. O. Goodwin \u0026 Company Account Books","Roanoke County (Va.)","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Account books","The collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged chronologically.","William Oscar Goodwin, proprietor of the W. O. Goodwin \u0026 Company store at Glenvar (Roanoke County), Virginia, was born on January 14, 1873, the son of Thomas T. and Mattie Salome Coffman Goodwin. ","An article in the September 23, 1893 edition of the Roanoke Times refers to W. O. Goodwin as an employee in the offices of the Norfolk \u0026 Western Railroad. An article in the October 6, 1895 issue of the same newspaper states that Goodwin had been previously living for some time in Roanoke, Illinois but had recently returned to Roanoke County to live. The 1910 census lists 37-year-old Roanoke County resident William O. Goodwin as a messenger. He is described as a merchant in the 1920 census, however. According to his obituary, Goodwin established his store in 1913; Deedie Kagey's When Past is Prologue: a History of Roanoke County states that Goodwin's store succeeded that of Frank P. Harmon in 1915. Evidence within the collection suggests that the former date is probably correct. Goodwin's obituary states that he operated the store until 1946.","Goodwin married Xie Gullett, and the couple had five children. William Goodwin died in Staunton, Virginia on May 17, 1955, and was buried at Sherwood Burial Park, Salem, Virginia.","The guide to the W. O. Goodwin \u0026 Company Account Books by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the W. O. Goodwin \u0026 Company Account Books commenced in October 2011 and was completed in November 2011. Initial description was completed in or prior to May 1970.","This collection contains two account books from W. O. Goodwin \u0026 Company, a general mercantile store in Glenvar (Roanoke County), Virginia, during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. ","Because the first account book seems to predate Goodwin's start in business by nearly two decades, it seems likely to have originated with his predecessor in business, Frank P. Harmon. This ledger records the names of individuals and other companies with whom business was transacted, together with dates and amounts of transactions. Purchases generally have not been itemized but described simply as \"merchandise.\" Also recorded in brief detail are farm and family accounts. The account entries end in 1899, and are followed by what appears to be a list of Goodwin's expenditures for stock, beginning with his purchase of the store in 1913, and running through 1920. The second volume is a ledger detailing the transactions of a general mercantile business, with entries providing names of customers, itemized lists of purchases, prices, and dates.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The collection contains account books that provide names of customers and descriptions of items purchased from W. O. Goodwin \u0026 Company, a general mercantile store in Glenvar (Roanoke County), Virginia, during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","English \n. "],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1940.012"],"normalized_title_ssm":["W. O. Goodwin \u0026 Company Account Books"],"collection_title_tesim":["W. O. Goodwin \u0026 Company Account Books"],"collection_ssim":["W. O. Goodwin \u0026 Company Account Books"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["Roanoke County (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Roanoke County (Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Roanoke County (Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The W. O. Goodwin \u0026 Company Account Books were transferred to the University Libraries in 1939 or 1940 and transferred to Special Collections and University Archives in 1955."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Account books"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Account books"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.3 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.3 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"genreform_ssim":["Account books"],"date_range_isim":[1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged chronologically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWilliam Oscar Goodwin, proprietor of the W. O. Goodwin \u0026amp; Company store at Glenvar (Roanoke County), Virginia, was born on January 14, 1873, the son of Thomas T. and Mattie Salome Coffman Goodwin. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAn article in the September 23, 1893 edition of the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRoanoke Times\u003c/title\u003e refers to W. O. Goodwin as an employee in the offices of the Norfolk \u0026amp; Western Railroad. An article in the October 6, 1895 issue of the same newspaper states that Goodwin had been previously living for some time in Roanoke, Illinois but had recently returned to Roanoke County to live. The 1910 census lists 37-year-old Roanoke County resident William O. Goodwin as a messenger. He is described as a merchant in the 1920 census, however. According to his obituary, Goodwin established his store in 1913; Deedie Kagey's \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eWhen Past is Prologue: a History of Roanoke County\u003c/title\u003e states that Goodwin's store succeeded that of Frank P. Harmon in 1915. Evidence within the collection suggests that the former date is probably correct. Goodwin's obituary states that he operated the store until 1946.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGoodwin married Xie Gullett, and the couple had five children. William Goodwin died in Staunton, Virginia on May 17, 1955, and was buried at Sherwood Burial Park, Salem, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["William Oscar Goodwin, proprietor of the W. O. Goodwin \u0026 Company store at Glenvar (Roanoke County), Virginia, was born on January 14, 1873, the son of Thomas T. and Mattie Salome Coffman Goodwin. ","An article in the September 23, 1893 edition of the Roanoke Times refers to W. O. Goodwin as an employee in the offices of the Norfolk \u0026 Western Railroad. An article in the October 6, 1895 issue of the same newspaper states that Goodwin had been previously living for some time in Roanoke, Illinois but had recently returned to Roanoke County to live. The 1910 census lists 37-year-old Roanoke County resident William O. Goodwin as a messenger. He is described as a merchant in the 1920 census, however. According to his obituary, Goodwin established his store in 1913; Deedie Kagey's When Past is Prologue: a History of Roanoke County states that Goodwin's store succeeded that of Frank P. Harmon in 1915. Evidence within the collection suggests that the former date is probably correct. Goodwin's obituary states that he operated the store until 1946.","Goodwin married Xie Gullett, and the couple had five children. William Goodwin died in Staunton, Virginia on May 17, 1955, and was buried at Sherwood Burial Park, Salem, Virginia."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the W. O. Goodwin \u0026amp; Company Account Books by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-%20work/public-domain/cc0/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the W. O. Goodwin \u0026 Company Account Books by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], W. O. Goodwin \u0026amp; Company Account Books, Ms1940-012, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], W. O. Goodwin \u0026 Company Account Books, Ms1940-012, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the W. O. Goodwin \u0026amp; Company Account Books commenced in October 2011 and was completed in November 2011. Initial description was completed in or prior to May 1970.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the W. O. Goodwin \u0026 Company Account Books commenced in October 2011 and was completed in November 2011. Initial description was completed in or prior to May 1970."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains two account books from W. O. Goodwin \u0026amp; Company, a general mercantile store in Glenvar (Roanoke County), Virginia, during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBecause the first account book seems to predate Goodwin's start in business by nearly two decades, it seems likely to have originated with his predecessor in business, Frank P. Harmon. This ledger records the names of individuals and other companies with whom business was transacted, together with dates and amounts of transactions. Purchases generally have not been itemized but described simply as \"merchandise.\" Also recorded in brief detail are farm and family accounts. The account entries end in 1899, and are followed by what appears to be a list of Goodwin's expenditures for stock, beginning with his purchase of the store in 1913, and running through 1920. The second volume is a ledger detailing the transactions of a general mercantile business, with entries providing names of customers, itemized lists of purchases, prices, and dates.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains two account books from W. O. Goodwin \u0026 Company, a general mercantile store in Glenvar (Roanoke County), Virginia, during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. ","Because the first account book seems to predate Goodwin's start in business by nearly two decades, it seems likely to have originated with his predecessor in business, Frank P. Harmon. This ledger records the names of individuals and other companies with whom business was transacted, together with dates and amounts of transactions. Purchases generally have not been itemized but described simply as \"merchandise.\" Also recorded in brief detail are farm and family accounts. The account entries end in 1899, and are followed by what appears to be a list of Goodwin's expenditures for stock, beginning with his purchase of the store in 1913, and running through 1920. The second volume is a ledger detailing the transactions of a general mercantile business, with entries providing names of customers, itemized lists of purchases, prices, and dates."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (\u003ca href=\"mailto:specref@vt.edu\"\u003especref@vt.edu\u003c/a\u003e or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_fce75d61d01a7414e2426b72da41151f\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection contains account books that provide names of customers and descriptions of items purchased from W. O. Goodwin \u0026amp; Company, a general mercantile store in Glenvar (Roanoke County), Virginia, during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection contains account books that provide names of customers and descriptions of items purchased from W. O. 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Goodwin \u0026 Company Account Books"],"unitdate_ssm":["1896-1920"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1896-1920"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1940.012"],"text":["Ms.1940.012","W. O. Goodwin \u0026 Company Account Books","Roanoke County (Va.)","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Account books","The collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged chronologically.","William Oscar Goodwin, proprietor of the W. O. Goodwin \u0026 Company store at Glenvar (Roanoke County), Virginia, was born on January 14, 1873, the son of Thomas T. and Mattie Salome Coffman Goodwin. ","An article in the September 23, 1893 edition of the Roanoke Times refers to W. O. Goodwin as an employee in the offices of the Norfolk \u0026 Western Railroad. An article in the October 6, 1895 issue of the same newspaper states that Goodwin had been previously living for some time in Roanoke, Illinois but had recently returned to Roanoke County to live. The 1910 census lists 37-year-old Roanoke County resident William O. Goodwin as a messenger. He is described as a merchant in the 1920 census, however. According to his obituary, Goodwin established his store in 1913; Deedie Kagey's When Past is Prologue: a History of Roanoke County states that Goodwin's store succeeded that of Frank P. Harmon in 1915. Evidence within the collection suggests that the former date is probably correct. Goodwin's obituary states that he operated the store until 1946.","Goodwin married Xie Gullett, and the couple had five children. William Goodwin died in Staunton, Virginia on May 17, 1955, and was buried at Sherwood Burial Park, Salem, Virginia.","The guide to the W. O. Goodwin \u0026 Company Account Books by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the W. O. Goodwin \u0026 Company Account Books commenced in October 2011 and was completed in November 2011. Initial description was completed in or prior to May 1970.","This collection contains two account books from W. O. Goodwin \u0026 Company, a general mercantile store in Glenvar (Roanoke County), Virginia, during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. ","Because the first account book seems to predate Goodwin's start in business by nearly two decades, it seems likely to have originated with his predecessor in business, Frank P. Harmon. This ledger records the names of individuals and other companies with whom business was transacted, together with dates and amounts of transactions. Purchases generally have not been itemized but described simply as \"merchandise.\" Also recorded in brief detail are farm and family accounts. The account entries end in 1899, and are followed by what appears to be a list of Goodwin's expenditures for stock, beginning with his purchase of the store in 1913, and running through 1920. The second volume is a ledger detailing the transactions of a general mercantile business, with entries providing names of customers, itemized lists of purchases, prices, and dates.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The collection contains account books that provide names of customers and descriptions of items purchased from W. O. Goodwin \u0026 Company, a general mercantile store in Glenvar (Roanoke County), Virginia, during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","English \n. "],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1940.012"],"normalized_title_ssm":["W. O. Goodwin \u0026 Company Account Books"],"collection_title_tesim":["W. O. Goodwin \u0026 Company Account Books"],"collection_ssim":["W. O. 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Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The W. O. 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O. Goodwin \u0026amp; Company store at Glenvar (Roanoke County), Virginia, was born on January 14, 1873, the son of Thomas T. and Mattie Salome Coffman Goodwin. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAn article in the September 23, 1893 edition of the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRoanoke Times\u003c/title\u003e refers to W. O. Goodwin as an employee in the offices of the Norfolk \u0026amp; Western Railroad. An article in the October 6, 1895 issue of the same newspaper states that Goodwin had been previously living for some time in Roanoke, Illinois but had recently returned to Roanoke County to live. The 1910 census lists 37-year-old Roanoke County resident William O. Goodwin as a messenger. He is described as a merchant in the 1920 census, however. According to his obituary, Goodwin established his store in 1913; Deedie Kagey's \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eWhen Past is Prologue: a History of Roanoke County\u003c/title\u003e states that Goodwin's store succeeded that of Frank P. Harmon in 1915. Evidence within the collection suggests that the former date is probably correct. Goodwin's obituary states that he operated the store until 1946.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGoodwin married Xie Gullett, and the couple had five children. William Goodwin died in Staunton, Virginia on May 17, 1955, and was buried at Sherwood Burial Park, Salem, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["William Oscar Goodwin, proprietor of the W. O. Goodwin \u0026 Company store at Glenvar (Roanoke County), Virginia, was born on January 14, 1873, the son of Thomas T. and Mattie Salome Coffman Goodwin. ","An article in the September 23, 1893 edition of the Roanoke Times refers to W. O. Goodwin as an employee in the offices of the Norfolk \u0026 Western Railroad. An article in the October 6, 1895 issue of the same newspaper states that Goodwin had been previously living for some time in Roanoke, Illinois but had recently returned to Roanoke County to live. The 1910 census lists 37-year-old Roanoke County resident William O. Goodwin as a messenger. He is described as a merchant in the 1920 census, however. According to his obituary, Goodwin established his store in 1913; Deedie Kagey's When Past is Prologue: a History of Roanoke County states that Goodwin's store succeeded that of Frank P. Harmon in 1915. Evidence within the collection suggests that the former date is probably correct. Goodwin's obituary states that he operated the store until 1946.","Goodwin married Xie Gullett, and the couple had five children. William Goodwin died in Staunton, Virginia on May 17, 1955, and was buried at Sherwood Burial Park, Salem, Virginia."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the W. O. Goodwin \u0026amp; Company Account Books by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-%20work/public-domain/cc0/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the W. O. Goodwin \u0026 Company Account Books by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], W. O. Goodwin \u0026amp; Company Account Books, Ms1940-012, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], W. O. Goodwin \u0026 Company Account Books, Ms1940-012, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the W. O. Goodwin \u0026amp; Company Account Books commenced in October 2011 and was completed in November 2011. Initial description was completed in or prior to May 1970.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the W. O. Goodwin \u0026 Company Account Books commenced in October 2011 and was completed in November 2011. Initial description was completed in or prior to May 1970."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains two account books from W. O. Goodwin \u0026amp; Company, a general mercantile store in Glenvar (Roanoke County), Virginia, during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBecause the first account book seems to predate Goodwin's start in business by nearly two decades, it seems likely to have originated with his predecessor in business, Frank P. Harmon. This ledger records the names of individuals and other companies with whom business was transacted, together with dates and amounts of transactions. Purchases generally have not been itemized but described simply as \"merchandise.\" Also recorded in brief detail are farm and family accounts. The account entries end in 1899, and are followed by what appears to be a list of Goodwin's expenditures for stock, beginning with his purchase of the store in 1913, and running through 1920. The second volume is a ledger detailing the transactions of a general mercantile business, with entries providing names of customers, itemized lists of purchases, prices, and dates.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains two account books from W. O. Goodwin \u0026 Company, a general mercantile store in Glenvar (Roanoke County), Virginia, during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. ","Because the first account book seems to predate Goodwin's start in business by nearly two decades, it seems likely to have originated with his predecessor in business, Frank P. Harmon. This ledger records the names of individuals and other companies with whom business was transacted, together with dates and amounts of transactions. Purchases generally have not been itemized but described simply as \"merchandise.\" Also recorded in brief detail are farm and family accounts. The account entries end in 1899, and are followed by what appears to be a list of Goodwin's expenditures for stock, beginning with his purchase of the store in 1913, and running through 1920. The second volume is a ledger detailing the transactions of a general mercantile business, with entries providing names of customers, itemized lists of purchases, prices, and dates."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (\u003ca href=\"mailto:specref@vt.edu\"\u003especref@vt.edu\u003c/a\u003e or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_fce75d61d01a7414e2426b72da41151f\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection contains account books that provide names of customers and descriptions of items purchased from W. O. Goodwin \u0026amp; Company, a general mercantile store in Glenvar (Roanoke County), Virginia, during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection contains account books that provide names of customers and descriptions of items purchased from W. O. Goodwin \u0026 Company, a general mercantile store in Glenvar (Roanoke County), Virginia, during the late 19th and early 20th centuries."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"language_ssim":["English \n. "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:21:28.352Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1159"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1355","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Woman's Christian Temperance Union (Ft. Smith, Arkansas) Records","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_1355#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Woman's Christian Temperance Union (Ft. Smith, Arkansas)","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_1355#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eMinutes, financial ledgers, correspondence, printed material, and religious ephemera, 1882-1960, relating to a chapter of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union in Ft. Smith, Arkansas, from the home of Grace Shipley Collins.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_1355#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1355","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1355","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1355","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1355","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_1355.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Woman's Christian Temperance Union (Ft. Smith, Arkansas) Records","title_ssm":["Woman's Christian Temperance Union (Ft. Smith, Arkansas) Records"],"title_tesim":["Woman's Christian Temperance Union (Ft. Smith, Arkansas) Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1882-1960"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1882-1960"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss. Acc. 2010.780","/repositories/2/resources/1355"],"text":["Mss. Acc. 2010.780","/repositories/2/resources/1355","Woman's Christian Temperance Union (Ft. Smith, Arkansas) Records","Clubs--United States--Minutes","Temperance--History--19th century","Temperance--History--20th century","Ledgers (Accounting)","Letters (correspondence)","Minutes","Printed ephemera","Publications","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki:","","According to the seller, this material was found in the bottom of a closet in the home of Grace Shipley Collins, a member of the WCTU in Ft. Smith, Arkansas, many years after her death. The seller was her granddaughter.","The fragile nature of this material may limit handling.","Accessioned and minimally processed by Benjamin Bromley in December 2010. Physically and intellectually arranged by Leigh Soares, SCRC staff, in May 2011.","A Guide to Women's Studies Resources in the Special Collections Research Center; Woman's Christian Temperance Union. Moira Chapter (Franklin Co., N.Y.) Minute Books (Mss. 2010.102)."," Information about related materials is available at http://guides.swem.wm.edu/content.php?pid=87496","Minutes, financial ledgers, correspondence, printed material, and religious ephemera, 1882-1960, relating to a chapter of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union in Ft. Smith, Arkansas, from the home of Grace Shipley Collins.","This series contains official organizational records of the Fort Smith, Arkansas, chapter of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union. Included here are minute books, financial ledgers, and loose meeting minutes and newspaper clippings that seem to have been saved intentionally with the record books. A few of the minute books have missing covers or fragile binding, but the contents are otherwise in good condition.","WCTU printed \"President's Circular\" (June 1888) tucked into front cover.","Front cover completely missing. Meetings often held twice a month. List of officers and members in the back.","List of officers, members, dues and pledges collected.","Mrs. Yadon is the Recording Secretary until elected president in 1916 when job passes to Mrs. Holland.","At the back of the book are lists of members, dues collected by the group, and families with sons in the war. Newspaper clippings about WCTU meetings or activities are pasted into the book. Also pasted into books are personal notes to the President and the chapter, letters from politicians and printed materials.","A WCTU Treasurer's Book that has been adapted into the Secretary's Book. Basically a scrapbook, with membership rolls and meeting minutes but also newspaper clippings and printed materials pasted into various pages. Includes several loose notes and clippings that have been tucked into the book.","Begins with membership rolls and dues paid, then moves into other expenses and income.","Begins with an extended members section, organized alphabetically by last name, mostly for 1922 and 1923. Then, it details expenses and income\nA few letters have been tucked into the book, generally about money owed to or from the chapter.","Monies paid and taken in; membership roll in the back.","The correspondence series is divided into two distinct sections. Administrative correspondence includes notes and letters pertaining to the business of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, from details about conventions to legislators' thoughts on various aspects of the temperance campaign. In a different vein, many of the personal letters to the Fort Smith chapter are thank-you notes for the women's acts of kindness and sympathy.","Letters to and from Mrs. F. M. Long, Corresponding Secretary of a local chapter of WCTU, Fort-Smith, Ark. Letters: from Mrs. Emily H. Thompson of Little Rock, asking Mrs. Long to send report about her Union's work on Anti-Narcotics before the Convention and from Jamie Carr Pittman giving instructions about the content of Mrs. Long's report for the state convention, to be held Oct. 24-28 in Jonesboro.","This collection also contains a number of printed materials from the end of the nineteenth century through the middle of the twentieth century. The series includes pamphlets published by the various national departments of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union as well as one handbill announcing a national prohibition rally in Fort Smith. Additionally, one can find here dozens of devotionals written mostly by Mrs. J. R. Collins for the Union's Arkansas White Ribboner in the 1950s.","Among the religious ephemera are Bible verses, business cards supporting the Christian temperance movement, and stickers advertising the Woman's Christian Temperance Union such as \"What you see with your eyes and hear with your ears proves that the thing most responsible for sucking money away from useful business, destroying efficiency, filling divorce courts and jails, and smearing highways with human blood, is drink.\" The series also includes ephemera printed by the Union, such as a card to pledge abstention from alcohol and a \"Matchless Book\" outlining the dangers of tobacco and marijuana.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","Woman's Christian Temperance Union (Ft. Smith, Arkansas)","Woman's National Christian Temperance Union","Collins, Grace Shipley","English"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss. Acc. 2010.780","/repositories/2/resources/1355"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Woman's Christian Temperance Union (Ft. Smith, Arkansas) Records"],"collection_title_tesim":["Woman's Christian Temperance Union (Ft. Smith, Arkansas) Records"],"collection_ssim":["Woman's Christian Temperance Union (Ft. Smith, Arkansas) Records"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"creator_ssm":["Woman's Christian Temperance Union (Ft. Smith, Arkansas)","Collins, Grace Shipley"],"creator_ssim":["Woman's Christian Temperance Union (Ft. Smith, Arkansas)","Collins, Grace Shipley"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Collins, Grace Shipley"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Woman's Christian Temperance Union (Ft. Smith, Arkansas)"],"creators_ssim":["Collins, Grace Shipley","Woman's Christian Temperance Union (Ft. Smith, Arkansas)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Clubs--United States--Minutes","Temperance--History--19th century","Temperance--History--20th century","Ledgers (Accounting)","Letters (correspondence)","Minutes","Printed ephemera","Publications"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Clubs--United States--Minutes","Temperance--History--19th century","Temperance--History--20th century","Ledgers (Accounting)","Letters (correspondence)","Minutes","Printed ephemera","Publications"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.00 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["1.00 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Ledgers (Accounting)","Letters (correspondence)","Minutes","Printed ephemera","Publications"],"date_range_isim":[1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFurther information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e \u003cextref actuate=\"onrequest\" audience=\"external\" linktype=\"simple\" show=\"embed\" href=\"http://scdbwiki.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Woman's_Christian_Temperance_Union_(Ft._Smith,_Arkansas)\" title=\"Woman's Christian Temperance Union (Ft. Smith, Arkansas)\"\u003e\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Note:"],"bioghist_tesim":["Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki:",""],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAccording to the seller, this material was found in the bottom of a closet in the home of Grace Shipley Collins, a member of the WCTU in Ft. Smith, Arkansas, many years after her death. The seller was her granddaughter.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History:"],"custodhist_tesim":["According to the seller, this material was found in the bottom of a closet in the home of Grace Shipley Collins, a member of the WCTU in Ft. Smith, Arkansas, many years after her death. The seller was her granddaughter."],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe fragile nature of this material may limit handling.\u003c/p\u003e"],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Physical Characteristics or Technical Requirements:"],"phystech_tesim":["The fragile nature of this material may limit handling."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWoman's Christian Temperance Union (Ft. Smith, Arkansas) Records, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Woman's Christian Temperance Union (Ft. Smith, Arkansas) Records, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAccessioned and minimally processed by Benjamin Bromley in December 2010. Physically and intellectually arranged by Leigh Soares, SCRC staff, in May 2011.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information:"],"processinfo_tesim":["Accessioned and minimally processed by Benjamin Bromley in December 2010. Physically and intellectually arranged by Leigh Soares, SCRC staff, in May 2011."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA Guide to Women's Studies Resources in the Special Collections Research Center; Woman's \u003cspan class=\"highlight1 bold\"\u003eChristian\u003c/span\u003e Temperance Union. Moira Chapter (Franklin Co., N.Y.) Minute Books (Mss. 2010.102).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Information about related materials is available at http://guides.swem.wm.edu/content.php?pid=87496\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials:"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["A Guide to Women's Studies Resources in the Special Collections Research Center; Woman's Christian Temperance Union. Moira Chapter (Franklin Co., N.Y.) Minute Books (Mss. 2010.102)."," Information about related materials is available at http://guides.swem.wm.edu/content.php?pid=87496"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMinutes, financial ledgers, correspondence, printed material, and religious ephemera, 1882-1960, relating to a chapter of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union in Ft. Smith, Arkansas, from the home of Grace Shipley Collins.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains official organizational records of the Fort Smith, Arkansas, chapter of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union. Included here are minute books, financial ledgers, and loose meeting minutes and newspaper clippings that seem to have been saved intentionally with the record books. A few of the minute books have missing covers or fragile binding, but the contents are otherwise in good condition.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWCTU printed \"President's Circular\" (June 1888) tucked into front cover.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFront cover completely missing. Meetings often held twice a month. List of officers and members in the back.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eList of officers, members, dues and pledges collected.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMrs. Yadon is the Recording Secretary until elected president in 1916 when job passes to Mrs. Holland.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAt the back of the book are lists of members, dues collected by the group, and families with sons in the war. Newspaper clippings about WCTU meetings or activities are pasted into the book. Also pasted into books are personal notes to the President and the chapter, letters from politicians and printed materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA WCTU Treasurer's Book that has been adapted into the Secretary's Book. Basically a scrapbook, with membership rolls and meeting minutes but also newspaper clippings and printed materials pasted into various pages. Includes several loose notes and clippings that have been tucked into the book.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBegins with membership rolls and dues paid, then moves into other expenses and income.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBegins with an extended members section, organized alphabetically by last name, mostly for 1922 and 1923. Then, it details expenses and income\nA few letters have been tucked into the book, generally about money owed to or from the chapter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMonies paid and taken in; membership roll in the back.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe correspondence series is divided into two distinct sections. Administrative correspondence includes notes and letters pertaining to the business of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, from details about conventions to legislators' thoughts on various aspects of the temperance campaign. In a different vein, many of the personal letters to the Fort Smith chapter are thank-you notes for the women's acts of kindness and sympathy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to and from Mrs. F. M. Long, Corresponding Secretary of a local chapter of WCTU, Fort-Smith, Ark. Letters: from Mrs. Emily H. Thompson of Little Rock, asking Mrs. Long to send report about her Union's work on Anti-Narcotics before the Convention and from Jamie Carr Pittman giving instructions about the content of Mrs. Long's report for the state convention, to be held Oct. 24-28 in Jonesboro.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis collection also contains a number of printed materials from the end of the nineteenth century through the middle of the twentieth century. The series includes pamphlets published by the various national departments of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union as well as one handbill announcing a national prohibition rally in Fort Smith. Additionally, one can find here dozens of devotionals written mostly by Mrs. J. R. Collins for the Union's Arkansas White Ribboner in the 1950s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmong the religious ephemera are Bible verses, business cards supporting the Christian temperance movement, and stickers advertising the Woman's Christian Temperance Union such as \"What you see with your eyes and hear with your ears proves that the thing most responsible for sucking money away from useful business, destroying efficiency, filling divorce courts and jails, and smearing highways with human blood, is drink.\" The series also includes ephemera printed by the Union, such as a card to pledge abstention from alcohol and a \"Matchless Book\" outlining the dangers of tobacco and marijuana.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Minutes, financial ledgers, correspondence, printed material, and religious ephemera, 1882-1960, relating to a chapter of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union in Ft. Smith, Arkansas, from the home of Grace Shipley Collins.","This series contains official organizational records of the Fort Smith, Arkansas, chapter of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union. Included here are minute books, financial ledgers, and loose meeting minutes and newspaper clippings that seem to have been saved intentionally with the record books. A few of the minute books have missing covers or fragile binding, but the contents are otherwise in good condition.","WCTU printed \"President's Circular\" (June 1888) tucked into front cover.","Front cover completely missing. Meetings often held twice a month. List of officers and members in the back.","List of officers, members, dues and pledges collected.","Mrs. Yadon is the Recording Secretary until elected president in 1916 when job passes to Mrs. Holland.","At the back of the book are lists of members, dues collected by the group, and families with sons in the war. Newspaper clippings about WCTU meetings or activities are pasted into the book. Also pasted into books are personal notes to the President and the chapter, letters from politicians and printed materials.","A WCTU Treasurer's Book that has been adapted into the Secretary's Book. Basically a scrapbook, with membership rolls and meeting minutes but also newspaper clippings and printed materials pasted into various pages. Includes several loose notes and clippings that have been tucked into the book.","Begins with membership rolls and dues paid, then moves into other expenses and income.","Begins with an extended members section, organized alphabetically by last name, mostly for 1922 and 1923. Then, it details expenses and income\nA few letters have been tucked into the book, generally about money owed to or from the chapter.","Monies paid and taken in; membership roll in the back.","The correspondence series is divided into two distinct sections. Administrative correspondence includes notes and letters pertaining to the business of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, from details about conventions to legislators' thoughts on various aspects of the temperance campaign. In a different vein, many of the personal letters to the Fort Smith chapter are thank-you notes for the women's acts of kindness and sympathy.","Letters to and from Mrs. F. M. Long, Corresponding Secretary of a local chapter of WCTU, Fort-Smith, Ark. Letters: from Mrs. Emily H. Thompson of Little Rock, asking Mrs. Long to send report about her Union's work on Anti-Narcotics before the Convention and from Jamie Carr Pittman giving instructions about the content of Mrs. Long's report for the state convention, to be held Oct. 24-28 in Jonesboro.","This collection also contains a number of printed materials from the end of the nineteenth century through the middle of the twentieth century. The series includes pamphlets published by the various national departments of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union as well as one handbill announcing a national prohibition rally in Fort Smith. Additionally, one can find here dozens of devotionals written mostly by Mrs. J. R. Collins for the Union's Arkansas White Ribboner in the 1950s.","Among the religious ephemera are Bible verses, business cards supporting the Christian temperance movement, and stickers advertising the Woman's Christian Temperance Union such as \"What you see with your eyes and hear with your ears proves that the thing most responsible for sucking money away from useful business, destroying efficiency, filling divorce courts and jails, and smearing highways with human blood, is drink.\" The series also includes ephemera printed by the Union, such as a card to pledge abstention from alcohol and a \"Matchless Book\" outlining the dangers of tobacco and marijuana."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"names_coll_ssim":["Woman's National Christian Temperance Union"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Woman's Christian Temperance Union (Ft. Smith, Arkansas)","Woman's National Christian Temperance Union","Collins, Grace Shipley"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Woman's Christian Temperance Union (Ft. Smith, Arkansas)","Woman's National Christian Temperance Union"],"persname_ssim":["Collins, Grace Shipley"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":22,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T22:55:19.796Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1355","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1355","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1355","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1355","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_1355.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Woman's Christian Temperance Union (Ft. Smith, Arkansas) Records","title_ssm":["Woman's Christian Temperance Union (Ft. Smith, Arkansas) Records"],"title_tesim":["Woman's Christian Temperance Union (Ft. Smith, Arkansas) Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1882-1960"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1882-1960"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss. Acc. 2010.780","/repositories/2/resources/1355"],"text":["Mss. Acc. 2010.780","/repositories/2/resources/1355","Woman's Christian Temperance Union (Ft. Smith, Arkansas) Records","Clubs--United States--Minutes","Temperance--History--19th century","Temperance--History--20th century","Ledgers (Accounting)","Letters (correspondence)","Minutes","Printed ephemera","Publications","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki:","","According to the seller, this material was found in the bottom of a closet in the home of Grace Shipley Collins, a member of the WCTU in Ft. Smith, Arkansas, many years after her death. The seller was her granddaughter.","The fragile nature of this material may limit handling.","Accessioned and minimally processed by Benjamin Bromley in December 2010. Physically and intellectually arranged by Leigh Soares, SCRC staff, in May 2011.","A Guide to Women's Studies Resources in the Special Collections Research Center; Woman's Christian Temperance Union. Moira Chapter (Franklin Co., N.Y.) Minute Books (Mss. 2010.102)."," Information about related materials is available at http://guides.swem.wm.edu/content.php?pid=87496","Minutes, financial ledgers, correspondence, printed material, and religious ephemera, 1882-1960, relating to a chapter of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union in Ft. Smith, Arkansas, from the home of Grace Shipley Collins.","This series contains official organizational records of the Fort Smith, Arkansas, chapter of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union. Included here are minute books, financial ledgers, and loose meeting minutes and newspaper clippings that seem to have been saved intentionally with the record books. A few of the minute books have missing covers or fragile binding, but the contents are otherwise in good condition.","WCTU printed \"President's Circular\" (June 1888) tucked into front cover.","Front cover completely missing. Meetings often held twice a month. List of officers and members in the back.","List of officers, members, dues and pledges collected.","Mrs. Yadon is the Recording Secretary until elected president in 1916 when job passes to Mrs. Holland.","At the back of the book are lists of members, dues collected by the group, and families with sons in the war. Newspaper clippings about WCTU meetings or activities are pasted into the book. Also pasted into books are personal notes to the President and the chapter, letters from politicians and printed materials.","A WCTU Treasurer's Book that has been adapted into the Secretary's Book. Basically a scrapbook, with membership rolls and meeting minutes but also newspaper clippings and printed materials pasted into various pages. Includes several loose notes and clippings that have been tucked into the book.","Begins with membership rolls and dues paid, then moves into other expenses and income.","Begins with an extended members section, organized alphabetically by last name, mostly for 1922 and 1923. Then, it details expenses and income\nA few letters have been tucked into the book, generally about money owed to or from the chapter.","Monies paid and taken in; membership roll in the back.","The correspondence series is divided into two distinct sections. Administrative correspondence includes notes and letters pertaining to the business of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, from details about conventions to legislators' thoughts on various aspects of the temperance campaign. In a different vein, many of the personal letters to the Fort Smith chapter are thank-you notes for the women's acts of kindness and sympathy.","Letters to and from Mrs. F. M. Long, Corresponding Secretary of a local chapter of WCTU, Fort-Smith, Ark. Letters: from Mrs. Emily H. Thompson of Little Rock, asking Mrs. Long to send report about her Union's work on Anti-Narcotics before the Convention and from Jamie Carr Pittman giving instructions about the content of Mrs. Long's report for the state convention, to be held Oct. 24-28 in Jonesboro.","This collection also contains a number of printed materials from the end of the nineteenth century through the middle of the twentieth century. The series includes pamphlets published by the various national departments of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union as well as one handbill announcing a national prohibition rally in Fort Smith. Additionally, one can find here dozens of devotionals written mostly by Mrs. J. R. Collins for the Union's Arkansas White Ribboner in the 1950s.","Among the religious ephemera are Bible verses, business cards supporting the Christian temperance movement, and stickers advertising the Woman's Christian Temperance Union such as \"What you see with your eyes and hear with your ears proves that the thing most responsible for sucking money away from useful business, destroying efficiency, filling divorce courts and jails, and smearing highways with human blood, is drink.\" The series also includes ephemera printed by the Union, such as a card to pledge abstention from alcohol and a \"Matchless Book\" outlining the dangers of tobacco and marijuana.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","Woman's Christian Temperance Union (Ft. Smith, Arkansas)","Woman's National Christian Temperance Union","Collins, Grace Shipley","English"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss. Acc. 2010.780","/repositories/2/resources/1355"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Woman's Christian Temperance Union (Ft. Smith, Arkansas) Records"],"collection_title_tesim":["Woman's Christian Temperance Union (Ft. Smith, Arkansas) Records"],"collection_ssim":["Woman's Christian Temperance Union (Ft. Smith, Arkansas) Records"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"creator_ssm":["Woman's Christian Temperance Union (Ft. Smith, Arkansas)","Collins, Grace Shipley"],"creator_ssim":["Woman's Christian Temperance Union (Ft. Smith, Arkansas)","Collins, Grace Shipley"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Collins, Grace Shipley"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Woman's Christian Temperance Union (Ft. Smith, Arkansas)"],"creators_ssim":["Collins, Grace Shipley","Woman's Christian Temperance Union (Ft. Smith, Arkansas)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Clubs--United States--Minutes","Temperance--History--19th century","Temperance--History--20th century","Ledgers (Accounting)","Letters (correspondence)","Minutes","Printed ephemera","Publications"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Clubs--United States--Minutes","Temperance--History--19th century","Temperance--History--20th century","Ledgers (Accounting)","Letters (correspondence)","Minutes","Printed ephemera","Publications"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.00 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["1.00 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Ledgers (Accounting)","Letters (correspondence)","Minutes","Printed ephemera","Publications"],"date_range_isim":[1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFurther information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e \u003cextref actuate=\"onrequest\" audience=\"external\" linktype=\"simple\" show=\"embed\" href=\"http://scdbwiki.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Woman's_Christian_Temperance_Union_(Ft._Smith,_Arkansas)\" title=\"Woman's Christian Temperance Union (Ft. Smith, Arkansas)\"\u003e\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Note:"],"bioghist_tesim":["Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki:",""],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAccording to the seller, this material was found in the bottom of a closet in the home of Grace Shipley Collins, a member of the WCTU in Ft. Smith, Arkansas, many years after her death. The seller was her granddaughter.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History:"],"custodhist_tesim":["According to the seller, this material was found in the bottom of a closet in the home of Grace Shipley Collins, a member of the WCTU in Ft. Smith, Arkansas, many years after her death. The seller was her granddaughter."],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe fragile nature of this material may limit handling.\u003c/p\u003e"],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Physical Characteristics or Technical Requirements:"],"phystech_tesim":["The fragile nature of this material may limit handling."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWoman's Christian Temperance Union (Ft. Smith, Arkansas) Records, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Woman's Christian Temperance Union (Ft. Smith, Arkansas) Records, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAccessioned and minimally processed by Benjamin Bromley in December 2010. Physically and intellectually arranged by Leigh Soares, SCRC staff, in May 2011.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information:"],"processinfo_tesim":["Accessioned and minimally processed by Benjamin Bromley in December 2010. Physically and intellectually arranged by Leigh Soares, SCRC staff, in May 2011."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA Guide to Women's Studies Resources in the Special Collections Research Center; Woman's \u003cspan class=\"highlight1 bold\"\u003eChristian\u003c/span\u003e Temperance Union. Moira Chapter (Franklin Co., N.Y.) Minute Books (Mss. 2010.102).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Information about related materials is available at http://guides.swem.wm.edu/content.php?pid=87496\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials:"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["A Guide to Women's Studies Resources in the Special Collections Research Center; Woman's Christian Temperance Union. Moira Chapter (Franklin Co., N.Y.) Minute Books (Mss. 2010.102)."," Information about related materials is available at http://guides.swem.wm.edu/content.php?pid=87496"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMinutes, financial ledgers, correspondence, printed material, and religious ephemera, 1882-1960, relating to a chapter of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union in Ft. Smith, Arkansas, from the home of Grace Shipley Collins.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains official organizational records of the Fort Smith, Arkansas, chapter of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union. Included here are minute books, financial ledgers, and loose meeting minutes and newspaper clippings that seem to have been saved intentionally with the record books. A few of the minute books have missing covers or fragile binding, but the contents are otherwise in good condition.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWCTU printed \"President's Circular\" (June 1888) tucked into front cover.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFront cover completely missing. Meetings often held twice a month. List of officers and members in the back.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eList of officers, members, dues and pledges collected.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMrs. Yadon is the Recording Secretary until elected president in 1916 when job passes to Mrs. Holland.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAt the back of the book are lists of members, dues collected by the group, and families with sons in the war. Newspaper clippings about WCTU meetings or activities are pasted into the book. Also pasted into books are personal notes to the President and the chapter, letters from politicians and printed materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA WCTU Treasurer's Book that has been adapted into the Secretary's Book. Basically a scrapbook, with membership rolls and meeting minutes but also newspaper clippings and printed materials pasted into various pages. Includes several loose notes and clippings that have been tucked into the book.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBegins with membership rolls and dues paid, then moves into other expenses and income.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBegins with an extended members section, organized alphabetically by last name, mostly for 1922 and 1923. Then, it details expenses and income\nA few letters have been tucked into the book, generally about money owed to or from the chapter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMonies paid and taken in; membership roll in the back.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe correspondence series is divided into two distinct sections. Administrative correspondence includes notes and letters pertaining to the business of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, from details about conventions to legislators' thoughts on various aspects of the temperance campaign. In a different vein, many of the personal letters to the Fort Smith chapter are thank-you notes for the women's acts of kindness and sympathy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to and from Mrs. F. M. Long, Corresponding Secretary of a local chapter of WCTU, Fort-Smith, Ark. Letters: from Mrs. Emily H. Thompson of Little Rock, asking Mrs. Long to send report about her Union's work on Anti-Narcotics before the Convention and from Jamie Carr Pittman giving instructions about the content of Mrs. Long's report for the state convention, to be held Oct. 24-28 in Jonesboro.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis collection also contains a number of printed materials from the end of the nineteenth century through the middle of the twentieth century. The series includes pamphlets published by the various national departments of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union as well as one handbill announcing a national prohibition rally in Fort Smith. Additionally, one can find here dozens of devotionals written mostly by Mrs. J. R. Collins for the Union's Arkansas White Ribboner in the 1950s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmong the religious ephemera are Bible verses, business cards supporting the Christian temperance movement, and stickers advertising the Woman's Christian Temperance Union such as \"What you see with your eyes and hear with your ears proves that the thing most responsible for sucking money away from useful business, destroying efficiency, filling divorce courts and jails, and smearing highways with human blood, is drink.\" The series also includes ephemera printed by the Union, such as a card to pledge abstention from alcohol and a \"Matchless Book\" outlining the dangers of tobacco and marijuana.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Minutes, financial ledgers, correspondence, printed material, and religious ephemera, 1882-1960, relating to a chapter of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union in Ft. Smith, Arkansas, from the home of Grace Shipley Collins.","This series contains official organizational records of the Fort Smith, Arkansas, chapter of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union. Included here are minute books, financial ledgers, and loose meeting minutes and newspaper clippings that seem to have been saved intentionally with the record books. A few of the minute books have missing covers or fragile binding, but the contents are otherwise in good condition.","WCTU printed \"President's Circular\" (June 1888) tucked into front cover.","Front cover completely missing. Meetings often held twice a month. List of officers and members in the back.","List of officers, members, dues and pledges collected.","Mrs. Yadon is the Recording Secretary until elected president in 1916 when job passes to Mrs. Holland.","At the back of the book are lists of members, dues collected by the group, and families with sons in the war. Newspaper clippings about WCTU meetings or activities are pasted into the book. Also pasted into books are personal notes to the President and the chapter, letters from politicians and printed materials.","A WCTU Treasurer's Book that has been adapted into the Secretary's Book. Basically a scrapbook, with membership rolls and meeting minutes but also newspaper clippings and printed materials pasted into various pages. Includes several loose notes and clippings that have been tucked into the book.","Begins with membership rolls and dues paid, then moves into other expenses and income.","Begins with an extended members section, organized alphabetically by last name, mostly for 1922 and 1923. Then, it details expenses and income\nA few letters have been tucked into the book, generally about money owed to or from the chapter.","Monies paid and taken in; membership roll in the back.","The correspondence series is divided into two distinct sections. Administrative correspondence includes notes and letters pertaining to the business of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, from details about conventions to legislators' thoughts on various aspects of the temperance campaign. In a different vein, many of the personal letters to the Fort Smith chapter are thank-you notes for the women's acts of kindness and sympathy.","Letters to and from Mrs. F. M. Long, Corresponding Secretary of a local chapter of WCTU, Fort-Smith, Ark. Letters: from Mrs. Emily H. Thompson of Little Rock, asking Mrs. Long to send report about her Union's work on Anti-Narcotics before the Convention and from Jamie Carr Pittman giving instructions about the content of Mrs. Long's report for the state convention, to be held Oct. 24-28 in Jonesboro.","This collection also contains a number of printed materials from the end of the nineteenth century through the middle of the twentieth century. The series includes pamphlets published by the various national departments of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union as well as one handbill announcing a national prohibition rally in Fort Smith. Additionally, one can find here dozens of devotionals written mostly by Mrs. J. R. Collins for the Union's Arkansas White Ribboner in the 1950s.","Among the religious ephemera are Bible verses, business cards supporting the Christian temperance movement, and stickers advertising the Woman's Christian Temperance Union such as \"What you see with your eyes and hear with your ears proves that the thing most responsible for sucking money away from useful business, destroying efficiency, filling divorce courts and jails, and smearing highways with human blood, is drink.\" The series also includes ephemera printed by the Union, such as a card to pledge abstention from alcohol and a \"Matchless Book\" outlining the dangers of tobacco and marijuana."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"names_coll_ssim":["Woman's National Christian Temperance Union"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Woman's Christian Temperance Union (Ft. Smith, Arkansas)","Woman's National Christian Temperance Union","Collins, Grace Shipley"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Woman's Christian Temperance Union (Ft. Smith, Arkansas)","Woman's National Christian Temperance Union"],"persname_ssim":["Collins, Grace Shipley"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":22,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T22:55:19.796Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_1355"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9312","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Woman's Christian Temperance Union. Moira Chapter (Franklin Co., N.Y.) Minute Books","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9312#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eMinute books of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, Moira Chapter (Franklin Co., N.Y.) for the years 1905-1906, 1911-1912 and 1939-1944.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9312#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9312","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9312","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9312","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9312","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_9312.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Woman's Christian Temperance Union. Moira Chapter (Franklin Co., N.Y.) Minute Books","title_ssm":["Woman's Christian Temperance Union. Moira Chapter (Franklin Co., N.Y.) Minute Books"],"title_tesim":["Woman's Christian Temperance Union. Moira Chapter (Franklin Co., N.Y.) Minute Books"],"unitdate_ssm":["1905-1912, 1939-1944"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1905-1912, 1939-1944"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss. Acc. 2010.102","/repositories/2/resources/9312"],"text":["Mss. Acc. 2010.102","/repositories/2/resources/9312","Woman's Christian Temperance Union. Moira Chapter (Franklin Co., N.Y.) Minute Books","Temperance--History--20th century","Temperance--Societies, etc","Women--Societies and clubs","This collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","According to a notation in the collection, the Moira chapter of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union was founded on Dec. 14, 1887 by Mrs. Decker.","Minute books of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, Moira Chapter (Franklin Co., N.Y.) for the years 1905-1906, 1911-1912 and 1939-1944.","The following information was provided by the seller and has not been verified for accuracy:","\"Recorded are meeting minutes, including details of Bible passages read, songs and hymns sung, readings from temperance and family related materials, food eaten, treasury updates, details of charitable contributions both monetary and of goods, etc. A list of members can be found in the last few pages of each volume.","Subjects covered include the evils of patent medicine, tobacco,and certain foods as well as alcohol.","The 1939 journal also includes a small pamphlet, three membership cards and a receipt for 50 programs from Charles H. Smith Publisher of Facts and Fallacies of Brushton, NY.\"","For excerpts, also provided by the seller, click the Box link to the right."," The following excerpts were provided by the seller and have not been checked for accuracy:"," \"Moved \u0026 carried that Mrs. Witherell have 25¢ for literature for her department including tobacco law to post in stores."," The subject of making a scripture quilt to send to the Soldiers \u0026 Sailors hospital was discussed."," The idea of placing Frances Willard picture in our school building on the anniversary of her home going Feb 17 was discussed."," This afternoon Feb 16th 1906 eight WCTU ladies met at Mrs.. Stillman Burroughs home and from there went to the school house where our president (Mrs. A.l. Rich) after giving some very interesting facts on the beautiful life of Frances Willard, presented the school with Miss Willards picture, a gift from Moira Union."," Mrs. Rich spoke first followed by Mrs. Rush, Mrs. Harris said \"that where she used to censure she now felt pity for the drunkard\" said that prohibition was first thought of by women in Maine."," The subject of sending a box of clothing, reading matter, etc., to the California sufferers was brought up \u0026 it was decided to post notices inviting everyone to contribute."," Editorial in the NY State medical journal by famous James Peter ? on sexual morality. {was read}"," Mrs. Rich spoke about having Mrs. Bullock (a national speaker) here to lecture. A vote was taken to have her if everything was favorable."," 1. Reading by Mrs.. Rich"," 2. \"Divine Harmony\" read by Grace Crandall"," 3. \"The Voice of Flowers\" by Mrs. Rust"," 4. \"The Missions of Flowers\" by Mrs. Gale"," 5. \"Inclusive Mission\" by Mrs. McLeod"," 6. Poem read by Grace Crandall \"The Beautiful Hands\""," 7. Reading by Mrs. Rust Nan's happy thought garden"," Refreshments served by Mrs. Farnsworth"," Mrs' Rust read \"What is the pure food bill\" it said that the United States used more unadultered food than any other country."," Mrs. McLeod read \"Studies in Problems of Food\" by Louise Purrington. Mrs. Rich {read} \"what makes drunkards\" proving that poorly cooked food has a great deal to do with it, also highly seasoned food, how necessary that mothers understand these things."," Moved and carried that we get Temperance Lit to be distributed in the two Churches."," \"Six reasons for not smoking cigarettes\" read by Mrs. Farnsworth. \"The cigarette is injurious to the physical health\" read by Mrs. Spencer. \"Decreases Mental Power\" read by Mrs. Dean. \"Smoking costs to {sic} much a reading by Mrs. ??? \"Visiting the Eniquity {iniquity} of the parents upon the children, unto the third and fourth generations\" read by Mrs. Addams. \"","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not William \u0026 Mary Libraries.","Special Collections Research Center","English"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss. Acc. 2010.102","/repositories/2/resources/9312"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Woman's Christian Temperance Union. Moira Chapter (Franklin Co., N.Y.) Minute Books"],"collection_title_tesim":["Woman's Christian Temperance Union. Moira Chapter (Franklin Co., N.Y.) Minute Books"],"collection_ssim":["Woman's Christian Temperance Union. Moira Chapter (Franklin Co., N.Y.) 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Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAccording to a notation in the collection, the Moira chapter of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union was founded on Dec. 14, 1887 by Mrs. Decker.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["According to a notation in the collection, the Moira chapter of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union was founded on Dec. 14, 1887 by Mrs. Decker."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWoman's Christian Temperance Union. Moira Chapter (Franklin Co., N.Y.) Minute Books, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026amp; Mary Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Woman's Christian Temperance Union. Moira Chapter (Franklin Co., N.Y.) Minute Books, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026 Mary Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMinute books of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, Moira Chapter (Franklin Co., N.Y.) for the years 1905-1906, 1911-1912 and 1939-1944.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe following information was provided by the seller and has not been verified for accuracy:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Recorded are meeting minutes, including details of Bible passages read, songs and hymns sung, readings from temperance and family related materials, food eaten, treasury updates, details of charitable contributions both monetary and of goods, etc. A list of members can be found in the last few pages of each volume.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubjects covered include the evils of patent medicine, tobacco,and certain foods as well as alcohol.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe 1939 journal also includes a small pamphlet, three membership cards and a receipt for 50 programs from Charles H. Smith Publisher of Facts and Fallacies of Brushton, NY.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFor excerpts, also provided by the seller, click the Box link to the right.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The following excerpts were provided by the seller and have not been checked for accuracy:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e \"Moved \u0026amp; carried that Mrs. Witherell have 25¢ for literature for her department including tobacco law to post in stores.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The subject of making a scripture quilt to send to the Soldiers \u0026amp; Sailors hospital was discussed.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The idea of placing Frances Willard picture in our school building on the anniversary of her home going Feb 17 was discussed.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e This afternoon Feb 16th 1906 eight WCTU ladies met at Mrs.. Stillman Burroughs home and from there went to the school house where our president (Mrs. A.l. 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Rich\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e 2. \"Divine Harmony\" read by Grace Crandall\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e 3. \"The Voice of Flowers\" by Mrs. Rust\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e 4. \"The Missions of Flowers\" by Mrs. Gale\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e 5. \"Inclusive Mission\" by Mrs. McLeod\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e 6. Poem read by Grace Crandall \"The Beautiful Hands\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e 7. Reading by Mrs. Rust Nan's happy thought garden\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Refreshments served by Mrs. Farnsworth\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Mrs' Rust read \"What is the pure food bill\" it said that the United States used more unadultered food than any other country.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Mrs. McLeod read \"Studies in Problems of Food\" by Louise Purrington. Mrs. Rich {read} \"what makes drunkards\" proving that poorly cooked food has a great deal to do with it, also highly seasoned food, how necessary that mothers understand these things.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Moved and carried that we get Temperance Lit to be distributed in the two Churches.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e \"Six reasons for not smoking cigarettes\" read by Mrs. Farnsworth. \"The cigarette is injurious to the physical health\" read by Mrs. Spencer. \"Decreases Mental Power\" read by Mrs. Dean. \"Smoking costs to {sic} much a reading by Mrs. ??? \"Visiting the Eniquity {iniquity} of the parents upon the children, unto the third and fourth generations\" read by Mrs. Addams. \"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Minute books of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, Moira Chapter (Franklin Co., N.Y.) for the years 1905-1906, 1911-1912 and 1939-1944.","The following information was provided by the seller and has not been verified for accuracy:","\"Recorded are meeting minutes, including details of Bible passages read, songs and hymns sung, readings from temperance and family related materials, food eaten, treasury updates, details of charitable contributions both monetary and of goods, etc. A list of members can be found in the last few pages of each volume.","Subjects covered include the evils of patent medicine, tobacco,and certain foods as well as alcohol.","The 1939 journal also includes a small pamphlet, three membership cards and a receipt for 50 programs from Charles H. Smith Publisher of Facts and Fallacies of Brushton, NY.\"","For excerpts, also provided by the seller, click the Box link to the right."," The following excerpts were provided by the seller and have not been checked for accuracy:"," \"Moved \u0026 carried that Mrs. Witherell have 25¢ for literature for her department including tobacco law to post in stores."," The subject of making a scripture quilt to send to the Soldiers \u0026 Sailors hospital was discussed."," The idea of placing Frances Willard picture in our school building on the anniversary of her home going Feb 17 was discussed."," This afternoon Feb 16th 1906 eight WCTU ladies met at Mrs.. Stillman Burroughs home and from there went to the school house where our president (Mrs. A.l. Rich) after giving some very interesting facts on the beautiful life of Frances Willard, presented the school with Miss Willards picture, a gift from Moira Union."," Mrs. Rich spoke first followed by Mrs. Rush, Mrs. Harris said \"that where she used to censure she now felt pity for the drunkard\" said that prohibition was first thought of by women in Maine."," The subject of sending a box of clothing, reading matter, etc., to the California sufferers was brought up \u0026 it was decided to post notices inviting everyone to contribute."," Editorial in the NY State medical journal by famous James Peter ? on sexual morality. {was read}"," Mrs. Rich spoke about having Mrs. Bullock (a national speaker) here to lecture. A vote was taken to have her if everything was favorable."," 1. Reading by Mrs.. Rich"," 2. \"Divine Harmony\" read by Grace Crandall"," 3. \"The Voice of Flowers\" by Mrs. Rust"," 4. \"The Missions of Flowers\" by Mrs. Gale"," 5. \"Inclusive Mission\" by Mrs. McLeod"," 6. Poem read by Grace Crandall \"The Beautiful Hands\""," 7. Reading by Mrs. Rust Nan's happy thought garden"," Refreshments served by Mrs. Farnsworth"," Mrs' Rust read \"What is the pure food bill\" it said that the United States used more unadultered food than any other country."," Mrs. McLeod read \"Studies in Problems of Food\" by Louise Purrington. Mrs. Rich {read} \"what makes drunkards\" proving that poorly cooked food has a great deal to do with it, also highly seasoned food, how necessary that mothers understand these things."," Moved and carried that we get Temperance Lit to be distributed in the two Churches."," \"Six reasons for not smoking cigarettes\" read by Mrs. Farnsworth. \"The cigarette is injurious to the physical health\" read by Mrs. Spencer. \"Decreases Mental Power\" read by Mrs. Dean. \"Smoking costs to {sic} much a reading by Mrs. ??? \"Visiting the Eniquity {iniquity} of the parents upon the children, unto the third and fourth generations\" read by Mrs. Addams. \""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not William \u0026amp; Mary Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not William \u0026 Mary Libraries."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":4,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:59:33.231Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9312","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9312","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9312","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9312","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_9312.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Woman's Christian Temperance Union. Moira Chapter (Franklin Co., N.Y.) Minute Books","title_ssm":["Woman's Christian Temperance Union. Moira Chapter (Franklin Co., N.Y.) Minute Books"],"title_tesim":["Woman's Christian Temperance Union. Moira Chapter (Franklin Co., N.Y.) Minute Books"],"unitdate_ssm":["1905-1912, 1939-1944"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1905-1912, 1939-1944"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss. Acc. 2010.102","/repositories/2/resources/9312"],"text":["Mss. Acc. 2010.102","/repositories/2/resources/9312","Woman's Christian Temperance Union. Moira Chapter (Franklin Co., N.Y.) Minute Books","Temperance--History--20th century","Temperance--Societies, etc","Women--Societies and clubs","This collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","According to a notation in the collection, the Moira chapter of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union was founded on Dec. 14, 1887 by Mrs. Decker.","Minute books of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, Moira Chapter (Franklin Co., N.Y.) for the years 1905-1906, 1911-1912 and 1939-1944.","The following information was provided by the seller and has not been verified for accuracy:","\"Recorded are meeting minutes, including details of Bible passages read, songs and hymns sung, readings from temperance and family related materials, food eaten, treasury updates, details of charitable contributions both monetary and of goods, etc. A list of members can be found in the last few pages of each volume.","Subjects covered include the evils of patent medicine, tobacco,and certain foods as well as alcohol.","The 1939 journal also includes a small pamphlet, three membership cards and a receipt for 50 programs from Charles H. Smith Publisher of Facts and Fallacies of Brushton, NY.\"","For excerpts, also provided by the seller, click the Box link to the right."," The following excerpts were provided by the seller and have not been checked for accuracy:"," \"Moved \u0026 carried that Mrs. Witherell have 25¢ for literature for her department including tobacco law to post in stores."," The subject of making a scripture quilt to send to the Soldiers \u0026 Sailors hospital was discussed."," The idea of placing Frances Willard picture in our school building on the anniversary of her home going Feb 17 was discussed."," This afternoon Feb 16th 1906 eight WCTU ladies met at Mrs.. Stillman Burroughs home and from there went to the school house where our president (Mrs. A.l. Rich) after giving some very interesting facts on the beautiful life of Frances Willard, presented the school with Miss Willards picture, a gift from Moira Union."," Mrs. Rich spoke first followed by Mrs. Rush, Mrs. Harris said \"that where she used to censure she now felt pity for the drunkard\" said that prohibition was first thought of by women in Maine."," The subject of sending a box of clothing, reading matter, etc., to the California sufferers was brought up \u0026 it was decided to post notices inviting everyone to contribute."," Editorial in the NY State medical journal by famous James Peter ? on sexual morality. {was read}"," Mrs. Rich spoke about having Mrs. Bullock (a national speaker) here to lecture. A vote was taken to have her if everything was favorable."," 1. Reading by Mrs.. Rich"," 2. \"Divine Harmony\" read by Grace Crandall"," 3. \"The Voice of Flowers\" by Mrs. Rust"," 4. \"The Missions of Flowers\" by Mrs. Gale"," 5. \"Inclusive Mission\" by Mrs. McLeod"," 6. 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Mrs. Rich {read} \"what makes drunkards\" proving that poorly cooked food has a great deal to do with it, also highly seasoned food, how necessary that mothers understand these things."," Moved and carried that we get Temperance Lit to be distributed in the two Churches."," \"Six reasons for not smoking cigarettes\" read by Mrs. Farnsworth. \"The cigarette is injurious to the physical health\" read by Mrs. Spencer. \"Decreases Mental Power\" read by Mrs. Dean. \"Smoking costs to {sic} much a reading by Mrs. ??? \"Visiting the Eniquity {iniquity} of the parents upon the children, unto the third and fourth generations\" read by Mrs. Addams. \"","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not William \u0026 Mary Libraries.","Special Collections Research Center","English"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss. 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Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAccording to a notation in the collection, the Moira chapter of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union was founded on Dec. 14, 1887 by Mrs. Decker.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["According to a notation in the collection, the Moira chapter of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union was founded on Dec. 14, 1887 by Mrs. Decker."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWoman's Christian Temperance Union. Moira Chapter (Franklin Co., N.Y.) Minute Books, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026amp; Mary Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Woman's Christian Temperance Union. Moira Chapter (Franklin Co., N.Y.) 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Smith Publisher of Facts and Fallacies of Brushton, NY.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFor excerpts, also provided by the seller, click the Box link to the right.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The following excerpts were provided by the seller and have not been checked for accuracy:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e \"Moved \u0026amp; carried that Mrs. Witherell have 25¢ for literature for her department including tobacco law to post in stores.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The subject of making a scripture quilt to send to the Soldiers \u0026amp; Sailors hospital was discussed.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The idea of placing Frances Willard picture in our school building on the anniversary of her home going Feb 17 was discussed.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e This afternoon Feb 16th 1906 eight WCTU ladies met at Mrs.. Stillman Burroughs home and from there went to the school house where our president (Mrs. A.l. Rich) after giving some very interesting facts on the beautiful life of Frances Willard, presented the school with Miss Willards picture, a gift from Moira Union.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Mrs. Rich spoke first followed by Mrs. Rush, Mrs. Harris said \"that where she used to censure she now felt pity for the drunkard\" said that prohibition was first thought of by women in Maine.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The subject of sending a box of clothing, reading matter, etc., to the California sufferers was brought up \u0026amp; it was decided to post notices inviting everyone to contribute.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Editorial in the NY State medical journal by famous James Peter ? on sexual morality. {was read}\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Mrs. Rich spoke about having Mrs. Bullock (a national speaker) here to lecture. A vote was taken to have her if everything was favorable.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e 1. Reading by Mrs.. Rich\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e 2. \"Divine Harmony\" read by Grace Crandall\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e 3. \"The Voice of Flowers\" by Mrs. Rust\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e 4. \"The Missions of Flowers\" by Mrs. Gale\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e 5. \"Inclusive Mission\" by Mrs. McLeod\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e 6. Poem read by Grace Crandall \"The Beautiful Hands\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e 7. Reading by Mrs. Rust Nan's happy thought garden\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Refreshments served by Mrs. Farnsworth\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Mrs' Rust read \"What is the pure food bill\" it said that the United States used more unadultered food than any other country.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Mrs. McLeod read \"Studies in Problems of Food\" by Louise Purrington. Mrs. Rich {read} \"what makes drunkards\" proving that poorly cooked food has a great deal to do with it, also highly seasoned food, how necessary that mothers understand these things.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Moved and carried that we get Temperance Lit to be distributed in the two Churches.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e \"Six reasons for not smoking cigarettes\" read by Mrs. Farnsworth. \"The cigarette is injurious to the physical health\" read by Mrs. Spencer. \"Decreases Mental Power\" read by Mrs. Dean. \"Smoking costs to {sic} much a reading by Mrs. ??? \"Visiting the Eniquity {iniquity} of the parents upon the children, unto the third and fourth generations\" read by Mrs. Addams. \"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Minute books of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, Moira Chapter (Franklin Co., N.Y.) for the years 1905-1906, 1911-1912 and 1939-1944.","The following information was provided by the seller and has not been verified for accuracy:","\"Recorded are meeting minutes, including details of Bible passages read, songs and hymns sung, readings from temperance and family related materials, food eaten, treasury updates, details of charitable contributions both monetary and of goods, etc. A list of members can be found in the last few pages of each volume.","Subjects covered include the evils of patent medicine, tobacco,and certain foods as well as alcohol.","The 1939 journal also includes a small pamphlet, three membership cards and a receipt for 50 programs from Charles H. Smith Publisher of Facts and Fallacies of Brushton, NY.\"","For excerpts, also provided by the seller, click the Box link to the right."," The following excerpts were provided by the seller and have not been checked for accuracy:"," \"Moved \u0026 carried that Mrs. Witherell have 25¢ for literature for her department including tobacco law to post in stores."," The subject of making a scripture quilt to send to the Soldiers \u0026 Sailors hospital was discussed."," The idea of placing Frances Willard picture in our school building on the anniversary of her home going Feb 17 was discussed."," This afternoon Feb 16th 1906 eight WCTU ladies met at Mrs.. Stillman Burroughs home and from there went to the school house where our president (Mrs. A.l. Rich) after giving some very interesting facts on the beautiful life of Frances Willard, presented the school with Miss Willards picture, a gift from Moira Union."," Mrs. Rich spoke first followed by Mrs. Rush, Mrs. Harris said \"that where she used to censure she now felt pity for the drunkard\" said that prohibition was first thought of by women in Maine."," The subject of sending a box of clothing, reading matter, etc., to the California sufferers was brought up \u0026 it was decided to post notices inviting everyone to contribute."," Editorial in the NY State medical journal by famous James Peter ? on sexual morality. {was read}"," Mrs. Rich spoke about having Mrs. Bullock (a national speaker) here to lecture. A vote was taken to have her if everything was favorable."," 1. Reading by Mrs.. Rich"," 2. \"Divine Harmony\" read by Grace Crandall"," 3. \"The Voice of Flowers\" by Mrs. Rust"," 4. \"The Missions of Flowers\" by Mrs. Gale"," 5. \"Inclusive Mission\" by Mrs. McLeod"," 6. Poem read by Grace Crandall \"The Beautiful Hands\""," 7. Reading by Mrs. Rust Nan's happy thought garden"," Refreshments served by Mrs. Farnsworth"," Mrs' Rust read \"What is the pure food bill\" it said that the United States used more unadultered food than any other country."," Mrs. McLeod read \"Studies in Problems of Food\" by Louise Purrington. Mrs. Rich {read} \"what makes drunkards\" proving that poorly cooked food has a great deal to do with it, also highly seasoned food, how necessary that mothers understand these things."," Moved and carried that we get Temperance Lit to be distributed in the two Churches."," \"Six reasons for not smoking cigarettes\" read by Mrs. Farnsworth. \"The cigarette is injurious to the physical health\" read by Mrs. Spencer. \"Decreases Mental Power\" read by Mrs. Dean. \"Smoking costs to {sic} much a reading by Mrs. ??? \"Visiting the Eniquity {iniquity} of the parents upon the children, unto the third and fourth generations\" read by Mrs. Addams. \""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not William \u0026amp; Mary Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not William \u0026 Mary Libraries."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":4,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:59:33.231Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9312"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2712","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Woman's Missionary Union Minute Book,","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2712#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Woman's Missionary Union Minute Book contains the minutes of the Woman's Missionary Union of the Liberty Hill Baptist Church in Grayson County, Virginia. The minute book includes meeting minutes dating from 1907 through 1929. The minute book also includes limited financial records including dues collected to support the group and funds collected for various charitable causes and support for other churches in the area.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2712#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2712","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2712","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2712","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2712","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2712.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Woman's Missionary Union Minute Book","title_ssm":["Woman's Missionary Union Minute Book,"],"title_tesim":["Woman's Missionary Union Minute Book,"],"unitdate_ssm":["1907-1929"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1907-1929"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2011.073"],"text":["Ms.2011.073","Woman's Missionary Union Minute Book,","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Women -- History","1 folder; 0.2 cu. ft.","Collection is open for research.","Collection is arranged by material type.","The Woman's Missionary Union of Liberty Hill Baptist Church was organized August 7, 1907. This organization was part of the larger Woman's Missionary Union which was formed as an auxillary to the Southern Baptist Convention in 1888.","Additional information about Woman's Missionary Union organization found here: http://wmu.com/index.php?q=history-wmu","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Woman's Missionary Union Minute Book was completed in September 2011.","Minute book includes the minutes from the Woman's Missionary Union of Liberty Hill Baptist Church in Grayson County, Virginia. Entries date from 1907 through 1929. Minute book also includes records of dues paid and amounts collected for various charitable causes including an orphanage in Salem, Virginia and support for other churches in the area. Also included with the minute book are two speeches: one is welcoming remarks from a visit to the Crazy Crystals Agency in Bristol, VA and the other is a speech titled \"Stewardship of Influence.\"","Permission to publish material from Woman's Missionary Union Minute Book must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech.","The Woman's Missionary Union Minute Book contains the minutes of the Woman's Missionary Union of the Liberty Hill Baptist Church in Grayson County, Virginia. The minute book includes meeting minutes dating from 1907 through 1929. The minute book also includes limited financial records including dues collected to support the group and funds collected for various charitable causes and support for other churches in the area.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","English \n. 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This organization was part of the larger Woman's Missionary Union which was formed as an auxillary to the Southern Baptist Convention in 1888.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAdditional information about Woman's Missionary Union organization found here: http://wmu.com/index.php?q=history-wmu\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical note"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Woman's Missionary Union of Liberty Hill Baptist Church was organized August 7, 1907. This organization was part of the larger Woman's Missionary Union which was formed as an auxillary to the Southern Baptist Convention in 1888.","Additional information about Woman's Missionary Union organization found here: http://wmu.com/index.php?q=history-wmu"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: Woman's Missionary Union Minute Book, Ms2011-073, Special Collections, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: Woman's Missionary Union Minute Book, Ms2011-073, Special Collections, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Woman's Missionary Union Minute Book was completed in September 2011.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Woman's Missionary Union Minute Book was completed in September 2011."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMinute book includes the minutes from the Woman's Missionary Union of Liberty Hill Baptist Church in Grayson County, Virginia. Entries date from 1907 through 1929. Minute book also includes records of dues paid and amounts collected for various charitable causes including an orphanage in Salem, Virginia and support for other churches in the area. Also included with the minute book are two speeches: one is welcoming remarks from a visit to the Crazy Crystals Agency in Bristol, VA and the other is a speech titled \"Stewardship of Influence.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Minute book includes the minutes from the Woman's Missionary Union of Liberty Hill Baptist Church in Grayson County, Virginia. Entries date from 1907 through 1929. Minute book also includes records of dues paid and amounts collected for various charitable causes including an orphanage in Salem, Virginia and support for other churches in the area. Also included with the minute book are two speeches: one is welcoming remarks from a visit to the Crazy Crystals Agency in Bristol, VA and the other is a speech titled \"Stewardship of Influence.\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish material from Woman's Missionary Union Minute Book must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish material from Woman's Missionary Union Minute Book must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_f92237442d158314d8e9cc6e4adafbbc\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Woman's Missionary Union Minute Book contains the minutes of the Woman's Missionary Union of the Liberty Hill Baptist Church in Grayson County, Virginia. The minute book includes meeting minutes dating from 1907 through 1929. The minute book also includes limited financial records including dues collected to support the group and funds collected for various charitable causes and support for other churches in the area.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Woman's Missionary Union Minute Book contains the minutes of the Woman's Missionary Union of the Liberty Hill Baptist Church in Grayson County, Virginia. The minute book includes meeting minutes dating from 1907 through 1929. The minute book also includes limited financial records including dues collected to support the group and funds collected for various charitable causes and support for other churches in the area."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"language_ssim":["English \n. 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This organization was part of the larger Woman's Missionary Union which was formed as an auxillary to the Southern Baptist Convention in 1888.","Additional information about Woman's Missionary Union organization found here: http://wmu.com/index.php?q=history-wmu","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Woman's Missionary Union Minute Book was completed in September 2011.","Minute book includes the minutes from the Woman's Missionary Union of Liberty Hill Baptist Church in Grayson County, Virginia. Entries date from 1907 through 1929. Minute book also includes records of dues paid and amounts collected for various charitable causes including an orphanage in Salem, Virginia and support for other churches in the area. Also included with the minute book are two speeches: one is welcoming remarks from a visit to the Crazy Crystals Agency in Bristol, VA and the other is a speech titled \"Stewardship of Influence.\"","Permission to publish material from Woman's Missionary Union Minute Book must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech.","The Woman's Missionary Union Minute Book contains the minutes of the Woman's Missionary Union of the Liberty Hill Baptist Church in Grayson County, Virginia. The minute book includes meeting minutes dating from 1907 through 1929. The minute book also includes limited financial records including dues collected to support the group and funds collected for various charitable causes and support for other churches in the area.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","English \n. 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Also included with the minute book are two speeches: one is welcoming remarks from a visit to the Crazy Crystals Agency in Bristol, VA and the other is a speech titled \"Stewardship of Influence.\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish material from Woman's Missionary Union Minute Book must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish material from Woman's Missionary Union Minute Book must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_f92237442d158314d8e9cc6e4adafbbc\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Woman's Missionary Union Minute Book contains the minutes of the Woman's Missionary Union of the Liberty Hill Baptist Church in Grayson County, Virginia. The minute book includes meeting minutes dating from 1907 through 1929. The minute book also includes limited financial records including dues collected to support the group and funds collected for various charitable causes and support for other churches in the area.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Woman's Missionary Union Minute Book contains the minutes of the Woman's Missionary Union of the Liberty Hill Baptist Church in Grayson County, Virginia. The minute book includes meeting minutes dating from 1907 through 1929. The minute book also includes limited financial records including dues collected to support the group and funds collected for various charitable causes and support for other churches in the area."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"language_ssim":["English \n. "],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:27:46.575Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2712"}},{"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_1320","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Womeldorf Family collection","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_1320#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains items that came from the Womeldorf family farm in Lexington, Va. Included are photographs of family members and the farm, postcards, Cora Bell Womeldorf's obituary, and letters received from missionaries to China in 1938. The letters describe their work and the conditions of the people they encounter including various illnesses.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_1320#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_1320","ead_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_1320","_root_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_1320","_nest_parent_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_1320","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WLU/repositories_5_resources_1320.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Womeldorf Family collection","title_ssm":["Womeldorf Family collection"],"title_tesim":["Womeldorf Family collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1870-1979, 2002"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1870-1979, 2002"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["WLU.Coll.0570","/repositories/5/resources/1320"],"text":["WLU.Coll.0570","/repositories/5/resources/1320","Womeldorf Family collection","Lexington (Va.)","This collection is open for research use.","The Womeldorf family consisted of parents Lillie Bell and George William Womeldorf and their nine children. The family lived in the Timber Ridge area of Rockbridge County, Va. before moving closer to Lexington so that the children could attend high school. The family farm was located off of Old Buena Vista Road.","This collection contains items that came from the Womeldorf family farm in Lexington, Va. Included are photographs of family members and the farm, postcards, Cora Bell Womeldorf's obituary, and letters received from missionaries to China in 1938. The letters describe their work and the conditions of the people they encounter including various illnesses.","The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials. Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.","Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Womeldorf family","Womeldorf, Cora Bell","English"],"unitid_tesim":["WLU.Coll.0570","/repositories/5/resources/1320"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Womeldorf Family collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Womeldorf Family collection"],"collection_ssim":["Womeldorf Family collection"],"repository_ssm":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Lexington (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Lexington (Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Lexington (Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials. Any materials used should be fully credited with the source."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated in 2014 by Seth McCormick-Goodhart. The items in this collection was discovered in the Womeldorf house after it was purchased by the donor."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.19 Linear Feet 3 folders, 1 oversize folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.19 Linear Feet 3 folders, 1 oversize folder"],"date_range_isim":[1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Womeldorf family consisted of parents Lillie Bell and George William Womeldorf and their nine children. The family lived in the Timber Ridge area of Rockbridge County, Va. before moving closer to Lexington so that the children could attend high school. The family farm was located off of Old Buena Vista Road.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Womeldorf family consisted of parents Lillie Bell and George William Womeldorf and their nine children. The family lived in the Timber Ridge area of Rockbridge County, Va. before moving closer to Lexington so that the children could attend high school. The family farm was located off of Old Buena Vista Road."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Womeldorf Family Collection (WLU Coll. 0570), Special Collections and Archives, James G. Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Womeldorf Family Collection (WLU Coll. 0570), Special Collections and Archives, James G. Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains items that came from the Womeldorf family farm in Lexington, Va. Included are photographs of family members and the farm, postcards, Cora Bell Womeldorf's obituary, and letters received from missionaries to China in 1938. The letters describe their work and the conditions of the people they encounter including various illnesses.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains items that came from the Womeldorf family farm in Lexington, Va. Included are photographs of family members and the farm, postcards, Cora Bell Womeldorf's obituary, and letters received from missionaries to China in 1938. The letters describe their work and the conditions of the people they encounter including various illnesses."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials. Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials. Any materials used should be fully credited with the source."],"names_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Womeldorf family","Womeldorf, Cora Bell"],"corpname_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives"],"names_coll_ssim":["Womeldorf family","Womeldorf, Cora Bell"],"famname_ssim":["Womeldorf family"],"persname_ssim":["Womeldorf, Cora Bell"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":4,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-24T23:17:39.356Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_1320","ead_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_1320","_root_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_1320","_nest_parent_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_1320","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WLU/repositories_5_resources_1320.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Womeldorf Family collection","title_ssm":["Womeldorf Family collection"],"title_tesim":["Womeldorf Family collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1870-1979, 2002"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1870-1979, 2002"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["WLU.Coll.0570","/repositories/5/resources/1320"],"text":["WLU.Coll.0570","/repositories/5/resources/1320","Womeldorf Family collection","Lexington (Va.)","This collection is open for research use.","The Womeldorf family consisted of parents Lillie Bell and George William Womeldorf and their nine children. The family lived in the Timber Ridge area of Rockbridge County, Va. before moving closer to Lexington so that the children could attend high school. The family farm was located off of Old Buena Vista Road.","This collection contains items that came from the Womeldorf family farm in Lexington, Va. Included are photographs of family members and the farm, postcards, Cora Bell Womeldorf's obituary, and letters received from missionaries to China in 1938. The letters describe their work and the conditions of the people they encounter including various illnesses.","The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials. Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.","Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Womeldorf family","Womeldorf, Cora Bell","English"],"unitid_tesim":["WLU.Coll.0570","/repositories/5/resources/1320"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Womeldorf Family collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Womeldorf Family collection"],"collection_ssim":["Womeldorf Family collection"],"repository_ssm":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Lexington (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Lexington (Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Lexington (Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials. Any materials used should be fully credited with the source."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated in 2014 by Seth McCormick-Goodhart. The items in this collection was discovered in the Womeldorf house after it was purchased by the donor."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.19 Linear Feet 3 folders, 1 oversize folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.19 Linear Feet 3 folders, 1 oversize folder"],"date_range_isim":[1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Womeldorf family consisted of parents Lillie Bell and George William Womeldorf and their nine children. 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Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains items that came from the Womeldorf family farm in Lexington, Va. Included are photographs of family members and the farm, postcards, Cora Bell Womeldorf's obituary, and letters received from missionaries to China in 1938. The letters describe their work and the conditions of the people they encounter including various illnesses.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains items that came from the Womeldorf family farm in Lexington, Va. Included are photographs of family members and the farm, postcards, Cora Bell Womeldorf's obituary, and letters received from missionaries to China in 1938. The letters describe their work and the conditions of the people they encounter including various illnesses."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials. Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials. Any materials used should be fully credited with the source."],"names_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Womeldorf family","Womeldorf, Cora Bell"],"corpname_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives"],"names_coll_ssim":["Womeldorf family","Womeldorf, Cora Bell"],"famname_ssim":["Womeldorf family"],"persname_ssim":["Womeldorf, Cora Bell"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":4,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-24T23:17:39.356Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_1320"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9119_c01_c04_c14_c02","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"\"Women before the Law\"","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9119_c01_c04_c14_c02#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9119_c01_c04_c14_c02","ref_ssm":["viw_repositories_2_resources_9119_c01_c04_c14_c02"],"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9119_c01_c04_c14_c02","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9119","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9119","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9119_c01_c04_c14","parent_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9119_c01_c04_c14","parent_ssim":["viw_repositories_2_resources_9119","viw_repositories_2_resources_9119_c01","viw_repositories_2_resources_9119_c01_c04","viw_repositories_2_resources_9119_c01_c04_c14"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viw_repositories_2_resources_9119","viw_repositories_2_resources_9119_c01","viw_repositories_2_resources_9119_c01_c04","viw_repositories_2_resources_9119_c01_c04_c14"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["John Garland Pollard Papers","Series 1: John Garland Pollard Papers","Subseries 1.4: Professional Files","Box 18"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["John Garland Pollard Papers","Series 1: John Garland Pollard Papers","Subseries 1.4: Professional Files","Box 18"],"text":["John Garland Pollard Papers","Series 1: John Garland Pollard Papers","Subseries 1.4: Professional Files","Box 18","\"Women before the Law\"","Box 18","Folder 430"],"title_filing_ssi":"\"Women before the Law\"","title_ssm":["\"Women before the Law\""],"title_tesim":["\"Women before the Law\""],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1898-1924"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1898/1924"],"normalized_title_ssm":["\"Women before the Law\""],"component_level_isim":[4],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"collection_ssim":["John Garland Pollard Papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":463,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"date_range_isim":[1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924],"containers_ssim":["Box 18","Folder 430"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#3/components#13/components#1","timestamp":"2026-05-21T14:04:39.292Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9119","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9119","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9119","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9119","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_9119.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Pollard, John Garland, Papers","title_ssm":["John Garland Pollard Papers"],"title_tesim":["John Garland Pollard Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1683-1968","1856-1937"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1856-1937"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1683-1968"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss. 70 P76","/repositories/2/resources/9119"],"text":["Mss. 70 P76","/repositories/2/resources/9119","John Garland Pollard Papers","Virginia--Governors","Virginia--Politics and Government","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century","Baptists--Virginia--History","College of William and Mary--History--20th century","Fundraising campaigns","Southern Baptist Convention--History--20th century","Young Men's Christian Associations","Agendas (administrative records)","Certificates","Correspondence","Financial records","Fliers (printed matter)","Minutes","Photographs","Receipts (financial records)","Reports","Resolutions (administrative records)","Technical reports","15,000 Items","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Series 3 was originally the John Garland Pollard Papers, UA 6.025, and was combined with this collection in 2011.","This material was originally the John Garland Pollard Papers, UA 6.025, and was comibined with his Personal Papers in August 2011."," \"\"","In 1930, John Garland Pollard, a professor at the College of William and Mary was elected governor of the commonwealth of Virginia. A progressive Democrat interested in reform, his administration as governor was marred by dealing with the country's worst economic crisis. From King and Queen County, Va. he combined a strong sense of public service with a firm belief in the separation of church and state and a whimsical sense of humor. Trained in law, he was elected to the Constitutional Convention of 1901 where he made his mark by opposing in the revised constitution, the use of phrase describing Virginia citizens as only Christian; his strong belief in the Baptist faith prompted his speech."," He rose to be elected in 1913 to be Virginia's attorney-general on a reform platform which included initiative and referendum, the short ballot, etc. In 1922 he was appointed William and Mary's director of the School of Government and Citizenship (School of Law) where he excelled as a teacher and was also elected Mayor of Williamsburg. He served as a Sunday School teacher at the Williamsburg Baptist Church."," His run for the gubernatorial seat had the approval of Harry Byrd, leader of the Virginia Democratic machine (called the Byrd Organization) and he worked with Byrd during his term as a maverick governor. One of his chief accomplishments by far during the Great Depression was the founding of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, the first state-supported art museum in the United States. Unfortunately, the Byrd mandate of fiscal integrity and balanced budgets did not permit much help to the suffering citizens of the commonwealth. State salaries were cut ten percent including the salary of the governor.","Letters, clippings, manuscript volumes, business papers, pamphlets, genealogical material, family papers, reports, memos, campaign literature, photographs of John G. Pollard (1871-1937), lawyer, educator, statesman, humanitarian, and governor of Virginia, 1930-1934. Prominent correspondents include Henry Watkins Anderson, Lady Astor, Frederic W. Boatwright, David K. E. Bruce, John Stewart Bryan, William Jennings Bryan, Harry F. Byrd, James Cannon, J. A. C. Chandler, Calvin Coolidge, Westmoreland Davis, Jessie Ball Dupont, Carter Glass, John D. Rockefeller, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Eleanor Roosevelt, Claude A. Swanson, Lyon G. Tyler, Alexander W. Weddell, and Woodrow Wilson."," Series 3 contains the correspondence and papers of John Garland Pollard related to his career at the College of William and Mary.\n \n \n Box 4, Folder 98 contains plot plans for Pollard Park and Chandler Court in Williamsburg, Va.","Correspondence, notes, clippings. Includes letters of H.E. Bacon concerning death of Thomas Pollard, Alexander S. Brown, William MacFarlane Jones, Hugh Pollard (of London, England) John Pollard, John Garland Pollard, Violet McDougall Pollard; typescript of Pollard and Robinson family Bible record; newspaper obituary of Dr. George Franklin Bagby; and biographical sketch of John Pollard (1839-1911)","Notes: and photocopy of Pollard and Robinson family Bible record","Includes correspondence of John Garland Pollard concerning the Pollard family; letter, 1891,of Grace Hawthorne (Phillips) Pollard; will (copy) of John Pollard (1803-1877); and chart, 1870, of Pollard Family.","Includes correspondence of John Garland Pollard concerning the Pollard family.","Includes correspondence of John Garland Pollard concerning the Pollard family.","Includes correspondence of John Garland Pollard concerning the Pollard family.","Includes Bagby family tree.","Johnson, Elizabeth Pollard Cox and Dodge, Jessie Gresham Pollard, compilers. Pamphlet. (Acc. no. 76-53)","Photostat of Petition from the citizens of St. Stephens Parish of New Kent County to Lt. Gov. Henry Chicheley, 1683?. Robert Pollard's signature among the petitioners. Original in the Virginia State Library. Oversize.","Manuscript book of oaths, 1785","1 letter","Cyphering book which includes law notes","License to practice law (signed by John B. Clopton, John A. Meredith and John Taylor Lomax); photograph; phrenology chart; obituary of wife Juliet (Jeffries) Pollard; and will (copy) of Thomas Jefferies.","Columbian College Diplomas. Oversize. T.P. commencement address, 1850, Columbian College","to son, John Pollard, Jr., 1860. 1 leter","Autobiography. (See also manuscript volumes)","Kept while serving as minister of Les St. Baptist Churh, Baltimore, Md., and on trips to Virginia, the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia, Pa, New York, New London, Ct., and Washington, D.C. Mentions funeral of Reverdy Johnson, his lecture to South Baltimore Mechanics Library Association; shaking hands with Ulysses S. Grant; death of Richard Fuller; and hearing the astronomer simon Newcomb speak.","Photograph of Richmond College faculty, 1888, including JP, Jr. (missing)","Sermons 1857-1868 and n.d. (no date); and newspaper clippings from The Religious Herald 10 November 1870, concerning death of Richard Hugh Bagby","Printed and manuscript sermons, 1876, 1887, 1901, and n.d. (no date), including sermon on history of Lee Street Baptist Church, Baltimore, Md","Essays and Addresses Presented at the first metting of the Congress of Virginian Baptists, 1883; The Blood of Jesus (unauthorized tract); manuscript record book of [Baptists?] probably in Richmond, Va., 1880's","Essays and Addresses Presented at the Second Congress of Virginia Baptists, 1886; Southern Baptists Convention, 1888; Religious Herald, 1899; The Civil Sabbath, 15 Nov 1900","Temperance, petitions (from Va. branches of W.C.T.U. including Staunton Branch [bearing signature of Flora (Cooke) Stuart]), Letters and notes 1882-1885","including record of salary recieved as professor at Richmond College.","Receipted bills, 1897","Receipted bills, 1898","Receipted bills, 1899","Receipted bills, 1900","Letters, 1856-1857, including letters written from Columbian College.","Letters, including letters written from Columbian College","Letters, 1859 written while attending Columbian College","Letters, 1860, written while teaching at Columbian College","Letters, 1861, written while teaching at Columbian College and concerning the inauguration of Abraham Lincoln","Correspondence, 1870-1873, including letter from John Pollard, Jr. to his children","Family correspondence, 1874-1907. Includes letters written by John Pollard, Jr. on trips to Rawley Springs, Rockingham Co., Va., Southern Baptist Convention at charleston, S.C., Philadelphia Centennial [ typewritten letter from Centennial], Groton, Conn., Buffalo Springs, [?] ; Portland, Me., Round Lake, N.Y. and London, Eng. Also includes letter of John Pollard (1803-1877) concerning his second marriage; and letters of John Garland Pollard. Also includes obituary of Susie Virginia Pollard.","James Pollard, Ord[inance] Dept. Rodes' Division, to John Pollard, Jr. concerning conduct of Confederate soilders during Gettysburg Campaign","Including calls to be pastor in Northampton Co., Va., and Farmville, Va., and a letter concerning John Garland Pollard at Columbian College. Also includes certificate as member of Masons; letter of thanks to Virginia (Bagby) Pollard and resolutions adopted to John Pollard upon their leaving Lee St. Baptist Church, Baltimore, Md.","Letters to John and Virginia Bagby Pollard, Letters 1861-1876","While serving in Confederate States Army at Gloucester Point and Yorktown, Va; and near Adams Run, S.C., and in the trenches near Petersb[ur]g, [Va.].","Letters 1861-1876 ( including letter of Edward Bagby)","Including letter of T.P. Bagby written while attending Richmond College.","Letters to and from, Includes letters from Alfred [Bagby ?], Mattie Evans, Mary E. Gresham, Mattie Hill, Virginia F. Lawrence, Sue Ryland and B. Woodward.","Copy of New Testament","Speech entitled \"The Spoils System\" delivered in response to an article by H.R. Pollard. no date., speaker unidentified.","Pollard and Bagby family fragments including on unidentified photograph","John Garland Pollard. Biographical material","Biography of John Garland Pollard by his sister, Maud Turman","1904 (names of lawsuits and lists of things to do). 1906( names of lawsuits), 1908 (names of lawsuits and lists of things to do), 1911 (appointments), 1916 (appointments for speeches), 1917 ( vote totals, appointments for speeches and campaign strategy), and 1929 (3 books; appointements for speeches, addresses of people and things to do for campaign). Files, John Garland Pollard's diary of World War I work in France, see Professional Files, Y.M.C.A.","Photographs","Photographs","Photographs","no date. (some taken during his gubernatorial term)","Copy of will, lists of bequests","Correspondence, mostly with John Garland Pollard (some letters concern teaching of evolution in schools) and letters of sympathy to John Garland Pollard on death of his brother, EBP, 1927. Also includes correspondence of Robert N. Pollard with John Garland Pollard.","Correspondence, with John Garland Pollard concerning John Garland Pollard's efforts to have him appointed federal Judge. Includes correspondence with Harry F. Byrd, Cary T. Grayson and Carter Glass.","Written ( or copied) by M.E. Pollard; newspaper clipping, 1917, concerning death of Mrs. Robert N. Pollard and poem, \" My Mother\"","Maud P. Sherman (sister of John Garland Pollard) correspondence, 1925-1936","Folders 56-","Mr. and Mrs. G. Harvey (sister of John Garland Pollard and brother- in- law). Correspondence, 1925-1937","Correspondence, 1921-1936. concerning student loan Funds established by Bagby at University of Richmond and William and Mary","Correspondence, 1923-1936, of A. Paul Bagby, Alfred Bagby, Jr. (and wife), Charles T. Bagby, George P. Bagby, Harry A. Bagby, Leslie H. Bagby, Luther R. Bagby, Mabel Strother Bagby, Olive Bagby, Sue E. Bagby, William F. Bagby, and William Hugh Bagby with John Garland Pollard.","Correspondence, 1928-1933","Correspondence, 1920-1937, concerning finances, William Jenings Byan's opinions concerning illness of Woodrow Wilson, Depression and drunken driving. Also includes correspondence of C. Browne Garnett, Jr., [?] Gignilliat, Hattie Belle Gresham and Lalla Smoot.","Correspondence with John Garland Pollard, 1934-1935, concerning death of John Garland Pollard's sister, Mrs. J. W. Willis and health of John Garland Pollard.","Correspondence with John Garland Pollard, 1936-1937, concerning health of John Garland Pollard","Correspondence. Chiefly letters from Pollard children and Billie Harris in China","Interdenominational missionary records","Correspondence. Mostly correspondence with John Garland Pollard and Pollard children. For correspondence with John Garland Pollard, 1930-1934, see Governorship Files","List of Files, callers at Executive mansion, Christmas cards and gifts sent and received. 1933-1942","Chiefly correspondence with John Garland Pollard, 1934-1937 and undated Includes letter of Joseph P. Kennedy","Chiefly cprrespondence with John Garland Pollard 1934-1937","Papers relating to attendance at National Cathedral School, 1922-1925","Receipts and Bills chiefly relating to wedding","Florida Vacation, 1936-1937 mostly notes and correspondence","\"Get Well\" letters, chiefly addressed to Mrs. John Garland Pollard","List of cards etc.","Mrs. John Garland Pollard's drafts of answers to sympathy letters, lists of those who sent flowers, condolences, letter, etc","Sympathy Letters and telegrams. A-E","Sympathy Letters and telegrams F-L","Sympathy Letters and telegrams M-R","Sympathy letters and telegrams, S-Z and Resolutions","Sympathy cards","Stock certificates, deeds, letter relating to cases, etc","1915-1918 Includes a notebook of carbon copy notes and letters prior to John Garland Pollard's departure for France, 1918, and during his stay","Expenses April to August 31, no year (year during residence in Williamsburg)","Business correspondence with Walter C. and W.B. Hopkins, 1921-1933","Banking Matters and correspondence","Mostly printed material-- home plans etc","Plats and Plans,(see also oversize) Ginter Park, Richmond; Chandler Court, Williamsburg home plans, Pollard Park, Belle Haven","Deeds. American Terminal Warehouse--Armour and Company and Gordon-Garnett.","Deeds. Includes Williamsburg deeds","Includes Williamsburg deeds","Deeds, including William and Mary and Williamsburg deeds.","Includes Williamsburg deeds","Deeds. Includes Williamsburg deeds","Deeds, etc. Includes Williamsburg deeds","Correspondence with Mrs. A.W. Dearing (purchaser of John Garland Pollard's Chandler Court house).","Washington area","and to Mrs. JCP (II)-1940. Also inaugural invitations","Washington, 1934-1937 (Mrs. John Garland Pollard (II) -1940) Invites other than the White House","Washington, 1934-1937 (Mrs. John Garland Pollard (II)- 1940). Invites other than the White House","Washington, 1934-1937 (Mrs. John Garland Pollard (II)-1940). Invites other than the White House","Programs, badges, etc","Bulletins, notes of meetings, etc., 1940-1970","Xmas Cards, dinners, etc. 1927-1936","(most of the John Garland Pollard clippings are to found in his vols.). Includes obituaries","Clippings, pamphlets, photographs.","Miscellaneous correspondence, etc.","Miscellaneous correspondence. 1921-1937, concerning founding of Marshall-Wythe School of Politics and Governmet, Va. gubernational race of 1925, and health of John Garland Pollard.","ABC Advisory Commitee, 1934-1937","Correspondence and data, 1929","Correspondence, 1932-1933","Correspondence and printed matter, 1927-1928","Correspondence","Correspondence","Correspondence","Correspondence with W. Garrett Conant, President of the National Society of American Art","Correspondence. 1931-1932. Including letter to Lady Astor from Stanley Baldwin","Correspondence with members of 1932- 1937, including new tribute to St. Andress motifs","War department correspondence.","Including correspondence of Gari Melchers","William Jennings Bryan and other members of the Bryan family, 1913-1924","Correspondence and with members of the Bryan family, 1925-1926 ; Re scopes trial","Memorial Association. Correspondence with P.H. Callahan and Ruth Bryan Owen","Correspondence and legal papers, 1928-1935","Correspondence, clipings, speeches 1923-1929","Correspondence and lcippings, 1930","Correspondence","Correspondence and clippings, 1932 (January-April), including Byrd for Presidential campaign material.","Correspondence","Correspondence, etc. 1933-1966, including speech by Byrd re John Garland Pollard","Correspondence, 1927-1932","Miscellaneous, 1922-1937","Includes letter to Elizabeth Cox giving John Garland Pollard's views on co-education. Miscellaneous, 1922-1937","Correspondence, 1926-1929 concerning memorial to William Jennings Bryan; and prohibition. (See also Bryan)","Printed material, 1935","Printed material, etc. 1935","Printed material","Copies of and correspondence, 1923-1928","Correspondence, clippings, notes, 1900-1902","\"Survivors\" correspondence, 1913","Correspondence and printed material, 1930","Letter to John Garland Pollard","Correspondence and printed material, 1935, includes letter from John D. Rockerfeller","Booklets and correspondence, 1934-1935","Printed matter and correspondence, 1936-1937","Correspondence and printed matter","Correspondence, 1930","County map of Virginia, 1915","John Garland Pollard's review of Lillian Craig's book, \"The Road to Echo\" Correspondence with D.S. Freeman concerning the review, etc.","including letters of Ted Dalton, Westmoreland Davis, Collins Denny, Jr., E. Griffith Dodson, and Ashton Dovell","Correspondence","Correspondence","Correspondence and clippings","Correspondence and articles, 1928-1937","E. Miscellaneous 1926-1934","Letter in response to invention","1 letter accepting invitations","including correspondnece with Sarah Lee Fain, Junis P. Fishburn, R. D. Ford (concerning Kate Walker Barrett) and Harry Emerson Fosdick","Correspondence, 1919-1928, concerning Y.M.C.A.","Mostly church and state relations, 1937","Correspondence, etc.","Complaints and recommendations","Chiefly correspondence re John Garland Pollard's and J.F. Nigent's re-appointments, 1924-1934","G. Miscellaneous","Certificate of incorporation, 1912","Correspondence, 1920-1931","Directories and ordinances","Correspondence","Correspondence","Correspondence","Correspondence and Clippings","Correspondence, including correspondence concerning the restoration of Bruton Parish Church","Invitation to Governors, printed material, John Garland Pollard's address of welcome.","Correspondence with Harry Byrd","Correspondence and clippings","Correspondence and clippings","Clippings","Expenses. (Bank Records)","Expenses. (Hotel, Printing)","Expenses. (Multigraphing)","Congratulatory letters. A-B.","Congratulatory letters. C-D.","Congratulatory letters. E-G.","Congratulatory letters. H-J.","Congratulatory letters. K-L.","Congratulatory letters. M.","Congratulatory letters. N-P.","Congratulatory letters. R-S.","Congratulatory letters. T.","Congratulatory letters. U-Z.","Correspondence and clippings. Including letter from Pollard-Dovell Democratic club, Williamsburg, Va.","Correspondence, includes speeches of opponent, W.M. Brown, and clippings.","Correspondence and clippings. Includes letter to W.M. Brown and unpubllished reply to Bishop Cannon's attack.","Mostly congratulatory letters. A-Bon.","Mostly congratulatory letters. Boo-Bz.","Mostly congratulatory letters. C.","Mostly congratulatory letters. D-E.","Mostly congratulatory letters. F-G","Mostly congratulatory letters. H.","Mostly congratulatory letters. I-K","Mostly congratulatory letters. L.","Mostly congratulatory letters. M-Mc.","Mostly congratulatory letters. N-Q","Mostly congratulatory letters. R.","Mostly congratulatory letters. S.","Mostly congratulatory letters. T.","Mostly congratulatory letters. U-Z.","Letters of thanks","Letters of thanks, Includes election results.","Correspondence.","Correspondence and other material.","Correspondence","Correspondence","Correspondence","Correspondence","Letters from John Garland Pollard's office including letters from Violet McDougall (Pollard) and letters concerning the Danville Strike and busts of Virginians, and location of Va. Museum of Fine Arts.","Correspondence","Correspondence","Corrupt Practices Acts. Pamphlets and mimeo data.","Good Roads. Printed material.","Government. Printed material; speech entitled \"Who Represent the People of Virginia\" by James E. Pate.","Taxation. Letter and pamphlets.","Including resolution by General Assembly endorsing Harry F. Byrd for president, proposal to cut expenses in criminal trials, and purchase of Jamestown.","A.","Applications for Jobs. A.","Applications for Jobs. B.","Applications for Jobs. C.","Applications for Jobs. D.","Applications for Jobs. E.","Applications for Jobs. F.","Applications for Jobs. G.","Applications for Jobs. H.","Applications for Jobs. I, J.","Applications for Jobs. K.","Applications for Jobs. L.","Applications for Jobs. M.","Applications for Jobs. N, O.","Applications for Jobs. P.","Applications for Jobs. Q, R.","Applications for Jobs. S.","Applications for Jobs. T, U, V.","Applications for Jobs. W, Z.","B, including letters from Mr. and Mrs. H. Lee, and letter from William J. Clark, president of Virginia Union University, concerning low cost housing project for Black people.","C, including fundraising request from William J. Clark, President of Virginia Union University, correspondence with sister, Mrs. G. Harvey Clarke, and nephew, G. Stanley Clarke, and in-laws, Judge Heriot Clarkson, c.c. Cooper (concerning Prohibition).","Carters' Grove, (including aerial photographs), and the creation of Colonial National Historical Park.","Clippings including John Garland Pollard's views on separation of church and state","Congratulatory letters.","Cox Family, correspondence.","D, E.","F (including letters concerning Federal Bar Assocaition).","G (including correspondence with Noel Gaines concerning John Garland Pollard's views on separation of church and state).","George Washington University.","H.","Invitations","Invitations","J, K, L.","M.","Military Academy appointments","N, O, P.","Publication notes","Q, R.","S.","Smoot Family, correspondence.","Speech Material.","T, U, V.","W, X, Y, Z.","\"Wits-Bits.\"","Letters re Jackson Monument","Letters and clippings","Correspondence re appointments","Letter re arrangements","Letter re arrangements","Correspondence re: sale of property","Correspondence re: sale of property","Correspondence re new school","Notes and clippings about Mason and Gunston Hall","Correspondence","Inscribed poem \"John Pollard of Virginia\"","Mimeographed report","Report on the program","Correspondence and mimeographed material","Mimeographed material and correspondence","Including letters of Ruth (Bryan) Owen Rohde","Correspondence","Re visit to Yorktown","Signed program and letter","Correspondence, chiefly business and political","Correspondence regarding John Garland Pollard's copy of","Includes correspondence with A. J. Montague","Correspondence with H. St. George Tucker re Tucker's campaign for governorship","W. A. Jones' and Carter Glass' campaigns for U.S. Senate. Correspondence, etc.","Printed material re Jones and Glass campaigns","A. J. Montague's possible judgeship. Correspondence, etc.","John Garland Pollard's campaign for Attorney General; Popular Government League. Correspondence","Correspondence and printed material re inauguration of Gov. Stuart and John Garland Pollard as Attorney General. Also correspondence of Virginia Progressive Democratic League.","Prohibition \"Speech Stuff\" and newspaper clippings","Prohibition. Clippings and correspondence, including correspondence with James Cannon.","Chiefly John Garland Pollard's campaign for Governor. Correspondence and printed material.","John Garland Pollard's campaign for Governor. Correspondence. Attitude of the \"Drys\" and the Anti-Saloon League.","Correspondence, campaign literature for governorship, clippings","Campaign for Governor. Correspondence and printed material. Anti-Saloon League letters.","Campaign for Governor. Clippings and copy of speech about Ellyson, n.d.","Campaign for Governor. Account book listing expenses and supporters by county.","Campaign for Governor. General Correspondence.","War time clippings (some relating to John Garland Pollard's work abroad).","Correspondence, printed material, and clippings.","Trinkle vs. Anderson governorship.","Correspondence re government and medicine and John Garland Pollard's campaign for Federal Trade Commission appointment (see also FTC folder).","Correspondence, affidavits, and printed materail relating to government and medicine, HGP's interest in FTC appointment, reorganization of State government, John Garland Pollard as chairman of Williamsburg Democratic Committee.","Reorganization of State government; Hoover-Smith Presidential campaign. H.F. Byrd letters included.","Correspondence re Hoover-Smith campaign.","Correspondence re Hoover-Smith campaign","Printed material and clippings re reorganization of State government, prohibition, and Hoover-Smith campaign.","Miscellaneous correspondence and printed material","Correspondence","Correspondence, Anti-Saloon League Yearbook","Correspondence and printed matter","Chiefly printed matter","Correspondence and printed matter","Correspondence and printed matter","Printed material including: Speech, Indian appropriations by T. A. E. Weadock, 1894. Legal aspects of Christian Science, 1901. Case in Supreme Court of Nebraska (2 copies--see clippings in back of each copy), 1904. Christian Science and legislation, 1906. The Los Angeles case, 1907.","Printed material including: \"Religious Liberty in America\" by Charles M. Snow, 1914. Clipping of Model Sunday Law, 1915.","Chiefly printed material including the following \"Religious Herald\" articles: \"Freedom, Civil and Religious,\" 1920. \"Baptists and Religious Liberty,\" 1920. \"The Bible in the Public Schools,\" 1923.","Printed material including: William Jennings Bryan speech at Democratic Convention, 1924. Minutes of Peninsula Baptist Association, 1925. Bibliographies on Bible study and religious education. Bible in public schools. \"Religious Herald\" pamphlets and clippings.","Correspondence and printed material","Correspondence and printed material including \"The Church in Politics\" (booklet).","Printed material and correspondence including the following: \"The Story of Religious Intolerance\" by Hudson Cary, etc. \"Liberty\" Magazines. \"The Vatican-Italian Accord.\"","Printed material and correspondence including: \"The Danger of Catholicism in Public School.\" \"The Truth Shall Make You Free.\" \"Legal Status of Bible Reading and religious Instruction in Public Schools.\" \"Liberty\" article: \"The Ideals of Thomas Jefferson on Religious Liberty\" by John Garland Pollard.","Printed material including: Copies of John Garland Pollard's speech before the Constitutional Convention of Virginia in 1901 (in \"Liberty\"). \"Virginia's Task in Higher Education.\" \"Religious Liberty and Mutual Understanding.\"","Printed material including: \"Liberty\" and other magazine articles. \"Laws Relating to the Releasing of Pupils from Public Schools on Religious Instruction.\" \"Week-day Religious Instruction.\" Jeremiah Moore, 1746-1815.","Printed material and correspondence including the following: \"Aid to Parochial and other Schools.\" \"The Kourier,\" November 1934 publication of the Ku Klux Klan. \"New Relations with Jews and Catholics.\" \"Discussion Outlines for Protestant Groups.","Correspondence and printed material including the following: State aid to schools. \"The School of Law of Illinois\" (book). \"State Aid to Donominational Schools.\" \"Kourier\", July 1935. \"Religious Liberty: Civilization's Barometer\" by Strauss. \"Liberty\" copies.","Correspondence and printed material including the following: \"Liberty\" magazine copies. Annual Southern Baptist Convention (See notes on cover). Report of the President of the University of Richmond.","Correspondence and printed material including the following: \"Reference on the Use of Public Funds for the Support of Private or Sectarian Educational Institutions\" (NEA memo). \"Liberty\" magazine, 2nd quarter of 1937. Congresssional Records, February 10th, 11th, and 12th of 1937.","Correspondence and printed material including the following: \"Axioms of Religious Liberty\" by James. \"Religion and Politics\" by John W. Davis. \"The Bible: Should It be in the School Room?\" by Franklin Steiner.","Correspondence and court records re: scholarships and drive for funds","Letter of thanks for hospitality","Correspondence","Letter and clippings","Letters of thanks, etc.","Sa-Se","Sh-Sl.","Sm-Sp.","St-Sz.","Correspondence and printed matter","Proclamation by Governor Pollard and clipping","Printed material and correspondence. Assessed value of personal property for 1920. Tax levies, etc.","Memos, digests of statements, etc.","General correspondence","General correspondence","Correspondence and data on bank deposits.","Reports, memos, and correspondence.","Correspondence and typed and printed material","Newspaper clippings.","Data, charts, maps.","Correspondence","Correspondence re political matters","Correspondence re political matters. Mostly 1921.","Correspondence re political matters.","Miscellaneous correspondence","Correspondence","Letters of congratulations","Correspondence re positions. Phone directory.","Letters to John Garland Pollard from his office and other B of VA material","Miscellaneous correspondence and printed matter","Correspondence","Printed matter.","Typescriipts and correspondence","Correspondence. Including correspondence concerning National Park Service and Shenandoah National Park.","Correspondence and reports.","Correspondence, roster, and programs","Correspondence and news letters","News letters","Receipts","Correspondence","Correspondence, concerning Fork Union Military Academy","Correspondence, includes correspondence with J. A. C. Chandler and with J. T. Davis concerning possible appointment to Federal Trade Commission.","Correspondence including correspondence with J. A. C. Chandler and Dr. E. G. Swem","Including correspondence concerning William \u0026 Mary Presidential vacancy caused by death of J. A. C. Chandler. Also mentions an order for a gold seal, ordered from Balfour, London, that is to be awarded as a prize at commencement. Correspondence include John Stewart Bryan, Robert H. Tucker, Cary T. Grayson, Harry F. Byrd, Robert M. Hughes, J. H. Dillard, George C. Peery and correspondence concerning Franklin D. Roosevelt's visit in 1934.","Correspondence including correspondence concerning Franklin D. Roosevelt's visit in 1934. Correspondents include John Stewart Bryan, Cary T. Grayson, Kenneth Chorley, and Mrs. Alfred I. Dupont. Correspondence concerns possibility of John Garland Pollard's return to the College and his appointment to the Board of Visitors.","Correspondence, including correspondence concerning Marshall-Wythe School of Law.","Correspondence","Correspondence","Correspondence and reports re restoration and John Garland Pollard's mayoralty campaign","Printed historical material","Correspondence","Letter re autograph copy of \"Dixie.\"","Mimeo press releases","Miscellaneous correspondence","John Garland Pollard's work with Y.M.C.A. in France including original and typescripts of diary. (See also manuscript volumes, folders 81, 339, 546-563, including anti-German propoganda.)","Historical and printed material, including programs and invitations concerning the Yorktown sesquincentinnial","Correspondence re Yorktown Country Club, Yorktown Memorial Institute, etc.","John Barton Payne Collection, catalog, 1926","(Bound)","Also, copies of \"The Four Arts\" magazine","Building plans Copy of \"The Four Arts\" magazine","Two clippings","Copy of the \"Commowealth\" magazine, which includes an article about John Garland Pollard and the VMFA","Also, \"Prospectus of Program\"","\"The Main Currents in the Development of American Painting\". \"Prospectus of Program, 1936-1937\". \"Organic Laws\". \"Roster of Members\".","Reports.","Reports, includes letter from sculptress, Malvina Hoffman","Applicants for positions with the museum","Thoams C. Parker- Thomas Colt controversy. Letters favoring Parker for Director","Letters favoring Parker for Director","Letters favoring Parker. Data re Colt.","Communications favoring Parker. Affidavits concerning Colt. Letter by Colt.","Letters to and from both sides","Final correspondence. Appointment of Colt as Curator.","Corrsepondence and copy of will.","Correspondence","Correspondence.","Correspondence concerning","Correspondence, clippings, and notes","Correspondence, minutes, and legal papers","Manuel and Treasurer's book","Sunday School. Printed matter and reports.","Sunday School reports re religion by great men in business","Correspondence regarding","Correspondence and reports","Printed minutes of annual sessions","Financial matters, correspondence, and memos","Check stubs, checks, and bank statements","Correspondence and printed matter. Attendance contest with Methodists in Sunday Schools.","Correspondence with and about new pastor","Correspondence mainly about sale of property","Correspondence about building new church","Articles and newspaper comments","General correspondence","Data for future articles","Data for future articles","National Youth Act. Copies, comments, and correspondence","\"The Ohio Situation.\" Correspondence about proposed aid in Ohio to parochial schools.","Printed matter, memos, and correspondence","Editor of \"The Religious Herald\". Correspondence about Baptist Policies","Sunday School children's letters defining word and Pollard's reply.","Manuscript and printed speeches by John Garland Pollard, by other person, and speech material gathered by John Garland Pollard. (See also Mansucript Volumes and Professional Files, appropriate folders)","See also manuscript volumes","Unfair Trade Practices","Tax Equalization.","Law as vocation","Democratic Convention speeches","Notes and speeches on Thomas Jefferson","Theodore Roosevelt articles on heroes of World War I.","Speeches","Part I.","Part II.","Correspondence, notes, clippings, printed matter","Notes for future editions","List of cases. Certificate of copyright","Correspondence","Correspondence and printed material","Correspondence","Correspondence","Notes and clippings","First edition. Comments from Bagbys and Pollards","First edition. Thanks from distinguished people.","First edition. Thanks from members of the General Assembly.","First edition. Thanks miscellaneous.","First edition. Requests for copy. Mailing list for second edition.","Second edition. Notes.","Second edition. Correspondence.","Third edition. Correspondence and clippings, includes letters from political and literary notables: Charles E. Hughes, Eleanor Roosevelt, etc.","Chiefly correspondence with Thomas Y. Crowell Company, publishers.","Chiefly correspondence with Thomas Y. Crowell company, publishers.","Proofs and notes","(Newspaper clipping). John Garland Pollard, \"Virginia, Where Washington Lived,\" Review of Reviews","Various subjects","Various subjects","World War I work of John Garland Pollard","World War I work of John Garland Pollard","World War I work of John Garland Pollard","World War I work of John Garland Pollard","World War I work of John Garland Pollard","World War I work of John Garland Pollard","World War I work of John Garland Pollard","World War I work of John Garland Pollard","World War I work of John Garland Pollard","World War I work of John Garland Pollard","World War I work of John Garland Pollard","World War I work of John Garland Pollard","World War I work of John Garland Pollard","World War I work of John Garland Pollard","World War I work of John Garland Pollard","World War I work of John Garland Pollard","World War I work of John Garland Pollard","World War I work of John Garland Pollard","World War I work of John Garland Pollard","Scrapbook of clippings, photographs","Scrapbook of photographs, clippings, and other memorabilia (Late nineteenth century)","Volume containing typscript of \"To A Waterfowl\" and typescript of article re Washington Irving.","Scrapbook of clippings and memorabilia.","Notebook of \"Scraps\" (poems, quotes, jokes, anecdotes, and 5a. etc. collected by John Garland Pollard.","Volume containing newspaper clippings of poems, jokes, etc.","Volume containing signed photographs of members","Clippings with list of papers favorable to Pollard's candidacy","Campaign literature relating to his campaign for Governor","Speeches and speech material including speeches delivered in France","Typescripts","Typescript","Some of these items have are already listed in Series 1 of the finding aid but have to be stored separately due to their physcial dimensions.","[Series 1, Folder 8] Original in the Virginia State Library","[see also Series 1, Folder 98?]","[Series 1, Folder 12A]","The framed certificate that was part of this addition has been moved to the Artifacts collection.","Correspondence, notecards , publications: \"America's Favorite Poems\" published by Frederic J. Haskin, \"These United States\" a pamphlet of an address given by Nicholas Murray Butler on March 23, 1931 at the University of California, Berkeley, \"Fifteen Minutes a Day, The Harvard Classics\" edited by Charles W. Eliot, \"Commonwealthe Gleanings, A Collection of Epigrams, \" \"Plutology and Politics\" by Gilbert F. Stevenson, 1930, \"Higher Education in Virginia\" by William H. Stauffer, 1936, \"An Overlooked side of George Washington\" an address by Joseph Buffington, 1932, and a typed list of \"Extracts from Freethought Year Book.\"","1936 letter from Fred T. Wilson with a pamphlet, \"The Political Thought of John Dickinson,\" and a typed manuscript on George Mason.","Letters from W. Marvin Watson, Special Assistant to the President and Mrs. Margaret Price of The Democratic National Committee.","A print of the Governor's Mansion entitled \"Early Print of Governor's Mansion of Virginia.\"","Large Christmas card from Sid Salomon with an embossed print of the Preamble to the Declaration of Independence and an attached story of the picture.","Large Christmas card from Jean and Sid Salomon with an photograph of the 1967-1968 St. Souis Blues hockey team and a print of \"If,\" by Rudyard Kipling on gold paper.","Cartoon, \"A Double Ringer,\" by Fed O. Seibel of the R ichmond Times-Dispatch, dated July 28, 1933, about wedding of Governor Pollard and Violet Elizabeth. Inscribed to \"Governor John Garland Pollard with my compliments, Fred O. Seibel.\" Mounted on illustrating board.","This collection contains the correspondence and papers of John Garland Pollard related to his career at William \u0026 Mary.","All audiovisual material from this collection has been moved to the Manuscripts Audiovisual Collection.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","College of William and Mary--Alumni and alumnae","College of William and Mary.","Colonial National Historical Park (Va.)","Democratic Party (U.S.)","Marshall-Wythe School of Law","Phi Beta Kappa. Virginia Alpha (College of William and Mary)","United States. Board of Veterans Appeals","United States. Federal Trade Commission","Pollard, John Garland, 1871-1937","English"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss. 70 P76","/repositories/2/resources/9119"],"normalized_title_ssm":["John Garland Pollard Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["John Garland Pollard Papers"],"collection_ssim":["John Garland Pollard Papers"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia--Governors","Virginia--Politics and Government","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia--Governors","Virginia--Politics and Government","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century"],"creator_ssm":["Pollard, John Garland, 1871-1937"],"creator_ssim":["Pollard, John Garland, 1871-1937"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Pollard, John Garland, 1871-1937"],"creators_ssim":["Pollard, John Garland, 1871-1937"],"places_ssim":["Virginia--Governors","Virginia--Politics and Government","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated to W\u0026M Special Collections Research Center in batches between 1970 and 1987 by Violet M. Pollard, John G. Pollard, Jr., Charles Pollard, Susan P. Boatwright, Elizabeth P. C. Johnson, Jessie G. P. Dodge, and Joseph P. Pollard. 1989-38A received on 8/31/1989."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Baptists--Virginia--History","College of William and Mary--History--20th century","Fundraising campaigns","Southern Baptist Convention--History--20th century","Young Men's Christian Associations","Agendas (administrative records)","Certificates","Correspondence","Financial records","Fliers (printed matter)","Minutes","Photographs","Receipts (financial records)","Reports","Resolutions (administrative records)","Technical reports"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Baptists--Virginia--History","College of William and Mary--History--20th century","Fundraising campaigns","Southern Baptist Convention--History--20th century","Young Men's Christian Associations","Agendas (administrative records)","Certificates","Correspondence","Financial records","Fliers (printed matter)","Minutes","Photographs","Receipts (financial records)","Reports","Resolutions (administrative records)","Technical reports"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["15,000 Items"],"extent_ssm":["30.00 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["30.00 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Agendas (administrative records)","Certificates","Correspondence","Financial records","Fliers (printed matter)","Minutes","Photographs","Receipts (financial records)","Reports","Resolutions (administrative records)","Technical reports"],"date_range_isim":[1683,1684,1685,1686,1687,1688,1689,1690,1691,1692,1693,1694,1695,1696,1697,1698,1699,1700,1701,1702,1703,1704,1705,1706,1707,1708,1709,1710,1711,1712,1713,1714,1715,1716,1717,1718,1719,1720,1721,1722,1723,1724,1725,1726,1727,1728,1729,1730,1731,1732,1733,1734,1735,1736,1737,1738,1739,1740,1741,1742,1743,1744,1745,1746,1747,1748,1749,1750,1751,1752,1753,1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries 3 was originally the John Garland Pollard Papers, UA 6.025, and was combined with this collection in 2011.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis material was originally the John Garland Pollard Papers, UA 6.025, and was comibined with his Personal Papers in August 2011.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e \"\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement of Materials:","Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series 3 was originally the John Garland Pollard Papers, UA 6.025, and was combined with this collection in 2011.","This material was originally the John Garland Pollard Papers, UA 6.025, and was comibined with his Personal Papers in August 2011."," \"\""],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 1930, John Garland Pollard, a professor at the College of William and Mary was elected governor of the commonwealth of Virginia. A progressive Democrat interested in reform, his administration as governor was marred by dealing with the country's worst economic crisis. From King and Queen County, Va. he combined a strong sense of public service with a firm belief in the separation of church and state and a whimsical sense of humor. Trained in law, he was elected to the Constitutional Convention of 1901 where he made his mark by opposing in the revised constitution, the use of phrase describing Virginia citizens as only Christian; his strong belief in the Baptist faith prompted his speech.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e He rose to be elected in 1913 to be Virginia's attorney-general on a reform platform which included initiative and referendum, the short ballot, etc. In 1922 he was appointed William and Mary's director of the School of Government and Citizenship (School of Law) where he excelled as a teacher and was also elected Mayor of Williamsburg. He served as a Sunday School teacher at the Williamsburg Baptist Church.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e His run for the gubernatorial seat had the approval of Harry Byrd, leader of the Virginia Democratic machine (called the Byrd Organization) and he worked with Byrd during his term as a maverick governor. One of his chief accomplishments by far during the Great Depression was the founding of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, the first state-supported art museum in the United States. Unfortunately, the Byrd mandate of fiscal integrity and balanced budgets did not permit much help to the suffering citizens of the commonwealth. State salaries were cut ten percent including the salary of the governor.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information:"],"bioghist_tesim":["In 1930, John Garland Pollard, a professor at the College of William and Mary was elected governor of the commonwealth of Virginia. A progressive Democrat interested in reform, his administration as governor was marred by dealing with the country's worst economic crisis. From King and Queen County, Va. he combined a strong sense of public service with a firm belief in the separation of church and state and a whimsical sense of humor. Trained in law, he was elected to the Constitutional Convention of 1901 where he made his mark by opposing in the revised constitution, the use of phrase describing Virginia citizens as only Christian; his strong belief in the Baptist faith prompted his speech."," He rose to be elected in 1913 to be Virginia's attorney-general on a reform platform which included initiative and referendum, the short ballot, etc. In 1922 he was appointed William and Mary's director of the School of Government and Citizenship (School of Law) where he excelled as a teacher and was also elected Mayor of Williamsburg. He served as a Sunday School teacher at the Williamsburg Baptist Church."," His run for the gubernatorial seat had the approval of Harry Byrd, leader of the Virginia Democratic machine (called the Byrd Organization) and he worked with Byrd during his term as a maverick governor. One of his chief accomplishments by far during the Great Depression was the founding of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, the first state-supported art museum in the United States. Unfortunately, the Byrd mandate of fiscal integrity and balanced budgets did not permit much help to the suffering citizens of the commonwealth. State salaries were cut ten percent including the salary of the governor."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn Garland Pollard Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["John Garland Pollard Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLetters, clippings, manuscript volumes, business papers, pamphlets, genealogical material, family papers, reports, memos, campaign literature, photographs of John G. Pollard (1871-1937), lawyer, educator, statesman, humanitarian, and governor of Virginia, 1930-1934. Prominent correspondents include Henry Watkins Anderson, Lady Astor, Frederic W. Boatwright, David K. E. Bruce, John Stewart Bryan, William Jennings Bryan, Harry F. Byrd, James Cannon, J. A. C. Chandler, Calvin Coolidge, Westmoreland Davis, Jessie Ball Dupont, Carter Glass, John D. Rockefeller, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Eleanor Roosevelt, Claude A. Swanson, Lyon G. Tyler, Alexander W. Weddell, and Woodrow Wilson.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Series 3 contains the correspondence and papers of John Garland Pollard related to his career at the College of William and Mary.\n \n \n Box 4, Folder 98 contains plot plans for Pollard Park and Chandler Court in Williamsburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, notes, clippings. Includes letters of H.E. Bacon concerning death of Thomas Pollard, Alexander S. Brown, William MacFarlane Jones, Hugh Pollard (of London, England) John Pollard, John Garland Pollard, Violet McDougall Pollard; typescript of Pollard and Robinson family Bible record; newspaper obituary of Dr. George Franklin Bagby; and biographical sketch of John Pollard (1839-1911)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotes: and photocopy of Pollard and Robinson family Bible record\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes correspondence of John Garland Pollard concerning the Pollard family; letter, 1891,of Grace Hawthorne (Phillips) Pollard; will (copy) of John Pollard (1803-1877); and chart, 1870, of Pollard Family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes correspondence of John Garland Pollard concerning the Pollard family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes correspondence of John Garland Pollard concerning the Pollard family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes correspondence of John Garland Pollard concerning the Pollard family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes Bagby family tree.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJohnson, Elizabeth Pollard Cox and Dodge, Jessie Gresham Pollard, compilers. Pamphlet. (Acc. no. 76-53)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotostat of Petition from the citizens of St. Stephens Parish of New Kent County to Lt. Gov. Henry Chicheley, 1683?. Robert Pollard's signature among the petitioners. Original in the Virginia State Library. Oversize.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eManuscript book of oaths, 1785\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 letter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCyphering book which includes law notes\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLicense to practice law (signed by John B. Clopton, John A. Meredith and John Taylor Lomax); photograph; phrenology chart; obituary of wife Juliet (Jeffries) Pollard; and will (copy) of Thomas Jefferies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColumbian College Diplomas. Oversize. T.P. commencement address, 1850, Columbian College\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eto son, John Pollard, Jr., 1860. 1 leter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAutobiography. (See also manuscript volumes)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eKept while serving as minister of Les St. Baptist Churh, Baltimore, Md., and on trips to Virginia, the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia, Pa, New York, New London, Ct., and Washington, D.C. Mentions funeral of Reverdy Johnson, his lecture to South Baltimore Mechanics Library Association; shaking hands with Ulysses S. Grant; death of Richard Fuller; and hearing the astronomer simon Newcomb speak.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotograph of Richmond College faculty, 1888, including JP, Jr. (missing)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSermons 1857-1868 and n.d. (no date); and newspaper clippings from The Religious Herald 10 November 1870, concerning death of Richard Hugh Bagby\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrinted and manuscript sermons, 1876, 1887, 1901, and n.d. (no date), including sermon on history of Lee Street Baptist Church, Baltimore, Md\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEssays and Addresses Presented at the first metting of the Congress of Virginian Baptists, 1883; The Blood of Jesus (unauthorized tract); manuscript record book of [Baptists?] probably in Richmond, Va., 1880's\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEssays and Addresses Presented at the Second Congress of Virginia Baptists, 1886; Southern Baptists Convention, 1888; Religious Herald, 1899; The Civil Sabbath, 15 Nov 1900\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTemperance, petitions (from Va. branches of W.C.T.U. including Staunton Branch [bearing signature of Flora (Cooke) Stuart]), Letters and notes 1882-1885\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eincluding record of salary recieved as professor at Richmond College.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReceipted bills, 1897\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReceipted bills, 1898\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReceipted bills, 1899\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReceipted bills, 1900\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters, 1856-1857, including letters written from Columbian College.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters, including letters written from Columbian College\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters, 1859 written while attending Columbian College\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters, 1860, written while teaching at Columbian College\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters, 1861, written while teaching at Columbian College and concerning the inauguration of Abraham Lincoln\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, 1870-1873, including letter from John Pollard, Jr. to his children\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFamily correspondence, 1874-1907. Includes letters written by John Pollard, Jr. on trips to Rawley Springs, Rockingham Co., Va., Southern Baptist Convention at charleston, S.C., Philadelphia Centennial [ typewritten letter from Centennial], Groton, Conn., Buffalo Springs, [?] ; Portland, Me., Round Lake, N.Y. and London, Eng. Also includes letter of John Pollard (1803-1877) concerning his second marriage; and letters of John Garland Pollard. Also includes obituary of Susie Virginia Pollard.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJames Pollard, Ord[inance] Dept. Rodes' Division, to John Pollard, Jr. concerning conduct of Confederate soilders during Gettysburg Campaign\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluding calls to be pastor in Northampton Co., Va., and Farmville, Va., and a letter concerning John Garland Pollard at Columbian College. Also includes certificate as member of Masons; letter of thanks to Virginia (Bagby) Pollard and resolutions adopted to John Pollard upon their leaving Lee St. Baptist Church, Baltimore, Md.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to John and Virginia Bagby Pollard, Letters 1861-1876\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhile serving in Confederate States Army at Gloucester Point and Yorktown, Va; and near Adams Run, S.C., and in the trenches near Petersb[ur]g, [Va.].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters 1861-1876 ( including letter of Edward Bagby)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluding letter of T.P. Bagby written while attending Richmond College.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to and from, Includes letters from Alfred [Bagby ?], Mattie Evans, Mary E. Gresham, Mattie Hill, Virginia F. Lawrence, Sue Ryland and B. Woodward.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopy of New Testament\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSpeech entitled \"The Spoils System\" delivered in response to an article by H.R. Pollard. no date., speaker unidentified.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePollard and Bagby family fragments including on unidentified photograph\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJohn Garland Pollard. Biographical material\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBiography of John Garland Pollard by his sister, Maud Turman\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1904 (names of lawsuits and lists of things to do). 1906( names of lawsuits), 1908 (names of lawsuits and lists of things to do), 1911 (appointments), 1916 (appointments for speeches), 1917 ( vote totals, appointments for speeches and campaign strategy), and 1929 (3 books; appointements for speeches, addresses of people and things to do for campaign). Files, John Garland Pollard's diary of World War I work in France, see Professional Files, Y.M.C.A.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eno date. (some taken during his gubernatorial term)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopy of will, lists of bequests\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, mostly with John Garland Pollard (some letters concern teaching of evolution in schools) and letters of sympathy to John Garland Pollard on death of his brother, EBP, 1927. Also includes correspondence of Robert N. Pollard with John Garland Pollard.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, with John Garland Pollard concerning John Garland Pollard's efforts to have him appointed federal Judge. Includes correspondence with Harry F. Byrd, Cary T. Grayson and Carter Glass.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten ( or copied) by M.E. Pollard; newspaper clipping, 1917, concerning death of Mrs. Robert N. Pollard and poem, \" My Mother\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaud P. Sherman (sister of John Garland Pollard) correspondence, 1925-1936\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolders 56-\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMr. and Mrs. G. Harvey (sister of John Garland Pollard and brother- in- law). Correspondence, 1925-1937\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, 1921-1936. concerning student loan Funds established by Bagby at University of Richmond and William and Mary\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, 1923-1936, of A. Paul Bagby, Alfred Bagby, Jr. (and wife), Charles T. Bagby, George P. Bagby, Harry A. Bagby, Leslie H. Bagby, Luther R. Bagby, Mabel Strother Bagby, Olive Bagby, Sue E. Bagby, William F. Bagby, and William Hugh Bagby with John Garland Pollard.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, 1928-1933\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, 1920-1937, concerning finances, William Jenings Byan's opinions concerning illness of Woodrow Wilson, Depression and drunken driving. Also includes correspondence of C. Browne Garnett, Jr., [?] Gignilliat, Hattie Belle Gresham and Lalla Smoot.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence with John Garland Pollard, 1934-1935, concerning death of John Garland Pollard's sister, Mrs. J. W. Willis and health of John Garland Pollard.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence with John Garland Pollard, 1936-1937, concerning health of John Garland Pollard\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence. Chiefly letters from Pollard children and Billie Harris in China\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInterdenominational missionary records\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence. Mostly correspondence with John Garland Pollard and Pollard children. For correspondence with John Garland Pollard, 1930-1934, see Governorship Files\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eList of Files, callers at Executive mansion, Christmas cards and gifts sent and received. 1933-1942\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChiefly correspondence with John Garland Pollard, 1934-1937 and undated Includes letter of Joseph P. Kennedy\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChiefly cprrespondence with John Garland Pollard 1934-1937\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePapers relating to attendance at National Cathedral School, 1922-1925\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReceipts and Bills chiefly relating to wedding\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlorida Vacation, 1936-1937 mostly notes and correspondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Get Well\" letters, chiefly addressed to Mrs. John Garland Pollard\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eList of cards etc.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMrs. John Garland Pollard's drafts of answers to sympathy letters, lists of those who sent flowers, condolences, letter, etc\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSympathy Letters and telegrams. A-E\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSympathy Letters and telegrams F-L\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSympathy Letters and telegrams M-R\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSympathy letters and telegrams, S-Z and Resolutions\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSympathy cards\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStock certificates, deeds, letter relating to cases, etc\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1915-1918 Includes a notebook of carbon copy notes and letters prior to John Garland Pollard's departure for France, 1918, and during his stay\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExpenses April to August 31, no year (year during residence in Williamsburg)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBusiness correspondence with Walter C. and W.B. Hopkins, 1921-1933\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBanking Matters and correspondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMostly printed material-- home plans etc\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePlats and Plans,(see also oversize) Ginter Park, Richmond; Chandler Court, Williamsburg home plans, Pollard Park, Belle Haven\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDeeds. American Terminal Warehouse--Armour and Company and Gordon-Garnett.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDeeds. Includes Williamsburg deeds\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes Williamsburg deeds\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDeeds, including William and Mary and Williamsburg deeds.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes Williamsburg deeds\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDeeds. Includes Williamsburg deeds\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDeeds, etc. Includes Williamsburg deeds\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence with Mrs. A.W. Dearing (purchaser of John Garland Pollard's Chandler Court house).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWashington area\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eand to Mrs. JCP (II)-1940. Also inaugural invitations\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWashington, 1934-1937 (Mrs. John Garland Pollard (II) -1940) Invites other than the White House\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWashington, 1934-1937 (Mrs. John Garland Pollard (II)- 1940). Invites other than the White House\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWashington, 1934-1937 (Mrs. John Garland Pollard (II)-1940). Invites other than the White House\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrograms, badges, etc\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBulletins, notes of meetings, etc., 1940-1970\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eXmas Cards, dinners, etc. 1927-1936\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(most of the John Garland Pollard clippings are to found in his vols.). Includes obituaries\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClippings, pamphlets, photographs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMiscellaneous correspondence, etc.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMiscellaneous correspondence. 1921-1937, concerning founding of Marshall-Wythe School of Politics and Governmet, Va. gubernational race of 1925, and health of John Garland Pollard.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eABC Advisory Commitee, 1934-1937\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence and data, 1929\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, 1932-1933\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence and printed matter, 1927-1928\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence with W. Garrett Conant, President of the National Society of American Art\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence. 1931-1932. Including letter to Lady Astor from Stanley Baldwin\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence with members of 1932- 1937, including new tribute to St. Andress motifs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWar department correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluding correspondence of Gari Melchers\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam Jennings Bryan and other members of the Bryan family, 1913-1924\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence and with members of the Bryan family, 1925-1926 ; Re scopes trial\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMemorial Association. Correspondence with P.H. Callahan and Ruth Bryan Owen\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence and legal papers, 1928-1935\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, clipings, speeches 1923-1929\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence and lcippings, 1930\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence and clippings, 1932 (January-April), including Byrd for Presidential campaign material.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, etc. 1933-1966, including speech by Byrd re John Garland Pollard\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, 1927-1932\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMiscellaneous, 1922-1937\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes letter to Elizabeth Cox giving John Garland Pollard's views on co-education. Miscellaneous, 1922-1937\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, 1926-1929 concerning memorial to William Jennings Bryan; and prohibition. (See also Bryan)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrinted material, 1935\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrinted material, etc. 1935\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrinted material\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopies of and correspondence, 1923-1928\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, clippings, notes, 1900-1902\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Survivors\" correspondence, 1913\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence and printed material, 1930\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter to John Garland Pollard\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence and printed material, 1935, includes letter from John D. Rockerfeller\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBooklets and correspondence, 1934-1935\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrinted matter and correspondence, 1936-1937\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence and printed matter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, 1930\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCounty map of Virginia, 1915\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJohn Garland Pollard's review of Lillian Craig's book, \"The Road to Echo\" Correspondence with D.S. Freeman concerning the review, etc.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eincluding letters of Ted Dalton, Westmoreland Davis, Collins Denny, Jr., E. Griffith Dodson, and Ashton Dovell\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence and clippings\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence and articles, 1928-1937\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eE. Miscellaneous 1926-1934\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter in response to invention\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 letter accepting invitations\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eincluding correspondnece with Sarah Lee Fain, Junis P. Fishburn, R. D. Ford (concerning Kate Walker Barrett) and Harry Emerson Fosdick\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, 1919-1928, concerning Y.M.C.A.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMostly church and state relations, 1937\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, etc.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eComplaints and recommendations\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChiefly correspondence re John Garland Pollard's and J.F. Nigent's re-appointments, 1924-1934\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eG. Miscellaneous\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCertificate of incorporation, 1912\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, 1920-1931\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDirectories and ordinances\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence and Clippings\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, including correspondence concerning the restoration of Bruton Parish Church\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInvitation to Governors, printed material, John Garland Pollard's address of welcome.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence with Harry Byrd\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence and clippings\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence and clippings\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClippings\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExpenses. (Bank Records)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExpenses. (Hotel, Printing)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExpenses. (Multigraphing)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCongratulatory letters. A-B.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCongratulatory letters. C-D.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCongratulatory letters. E-G.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCongratulatory letters. H-J.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCongratulatory letters. K-L.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCongratulatory letters. M.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCongratulatory letters. N-P.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCongratulatory letters. R-S.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCongratulatory letters. T.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCongratulatory letters. U-Z.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence and clippings. Including letter from Pollard-Dovell Democratic club, Williamsburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, includes speeches of opponent, W.M. Brown, and clippings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence and clippings. Includes letter to W.M. Brown and unpubllished reply to Bishop Cannon's attack.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMostly congratulatory letters. A-Bon.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMostly congratulatory letters. Boo-Bz.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMostly congratulatory letters. C.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMostly congratulatory letters. D-E.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMostly congratulatory letters. F-G\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMostly congratulatory letters. H.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMostly congratulatory letters. I-K\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMostly congratulatory letters. L.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMostly congratulatory letters. M-Mc.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMostly congratulatory letters. N-Q\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMostly congratulatory letters. R.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMostly congratulatory letters. S.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMostly congratulatory letters. T.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMostly congratulatory letters. U-Z.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters of thanks\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters of thanks, Includes election results.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence and other material.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters from John Garland Pollard's office including letters from Violet McDougall (Pollard) and letters concerning the Danville Strike and busts of Virginians, and location of Va. Museum of Fine Arts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrupt Practices Acts. Pamphlets and mimeo data.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGood Roads. Printed material.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGovernment. Printed material; speech entitled \"Who Represent the People of Virginia\" by James E. Pate.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTaxation. Letter and pamphlets.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluding resolution by General Assembly endorsing Harry F. Byrd for president, proposal to cut expenses in criminal trials, and purchase of Jamestown.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApplications for Jobs. A.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApplications for Jobs. B.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApplications for Jobs. C.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApplications for Jobs. D.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApplications for Jobs. E.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApplications for Jobs. F.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApplications for Jobs. G.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApplications for Jobs. H.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApplications for Jobs. I, J.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApplications for Jobs. K.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApplications for Jobs. L.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApplications for Jobs. M.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApplications for Jobs. N, O.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApplications for Jobs. P.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApplications for Jobs. Q, R.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApplications for Jobs. S.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApplications for Jobs. T, U, V.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApplications for Jobs. W, Z.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eB, including letters from Mr. and Mrs. H. Lee, and letter from William J. Clark, president of Virginia Union University, concerning low cost housing project for Black people.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eC, including fundraising request from William J. Clark, President of Virginia Union University, correspondence with sister, Mrs. G. Harvey Clarke, and nephew, G. Stanley Clarke, and in-laws, Judge Heriot Clarkson, c.c. Cooper (concerning Prohibition).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCarters' Grove, (including aerial photographs), and the creation of Colonial National Historical Park.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClippings including John Garland Pollard's views on separation of church and state\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCongratulatory letters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCox Family, correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eD, E.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eF (including letters concerning Federal Bar Assocaition).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eG (including correspondence with Noel Gaines concerning John Garland Pollard's views on separation of church and state).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGeorge Washington University.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eH.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInvitations\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInvitations\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJ, K, L.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eM.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMilitary Academy appointments\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eN, O, P.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePublication notes\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eQ, R.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eS.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSmoot Family, correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSpeech Material.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eT, U, V.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eW, X, Y, Z.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Wits-Bits.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters re Jackson Monument\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters and clippings\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence re appointments\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter re arrangements\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter re arrangements\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence re: sale of property\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence re: sale of property\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence re new school\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotes and clippings about Mason and Gunston Hall\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInscribed poem \"John Pollard of Virginia\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMimeographed report\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReport on the program\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence and mimeographed material\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMimeographed material and correspondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluding letters of Ruth (Bryan) Owen Rohde\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRe visit to Yorktown\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSigned program and letter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, chiefly business and political\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence regarding John Garland Pollard's copy of\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes correspondence with A. J. Montague\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence with H. St. George Tucker re Tucker's campaign for governorship\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eW. A. Jones' and Carter Glass' campaigns for U.S. Senate. Correspondence, etc.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrinted material re Jones and Glass campaigns\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA. J. Montague's possible judgeship. Correspondence, etc.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJohn Garland Pollard's campaign for Attorney General; Popular Government League. Correspondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence and printed material re inauguration of Gov. Stuart and John Garland Pollard as Attorney General. Also correspondence of Virginia Progressive Democratic League.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProhibition \"Speech Stuff\" and newspaper clippings\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProhibition. Clippings and correspondence, including correspondence with James Cannon.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChiefly John Garland Pollard's campaign for Governor. Correspondence and printed material.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJohn Garland Pollard's campaign for Governor. Correspondence. Attitude of the \"Drys\" and the Anti-Saloon League.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, campaign literature for governorship, clippings\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCampaign for Governor. Correspondence and printed material. Anti-Saloon League letters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCampaign for Governor. Clippings and copy of speech about Ellyson, n.d.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCampaign for Governor. Account book listing expenses and supporters by county.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCampaign for Governor. General Correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWar time clippings (some relating to John Garland Pollard's work abroad).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, printed material, and clippings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTrinkle vs. Anderson governorship.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence re government and medicine and John Garland Pollard's campaign for Federal Trade Commission appointment (see also FTC folder).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, affidavits, and printed materail relating to government and medicine, HGP's interest in FTC appointment, reorganization of State government, John Garland Pollard as chairman of Williamsburg Democratic Committee.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReorganization of State government; Hoover-Smith Presidential campaign. H.F. Byrd letters included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence re Hoover-Smith campaign.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence re Hoover-Smith campaign\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrinted material and clippings re reorganization of State government, prohibition, and Hoover-Smith campaign.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMiscellaneous correspondence and printed material\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, Anti-Saloon League Yearbook\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence and printed matter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChiefly printed matter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence and printed matter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence and printed matter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrinted material including: Speech, Indian appropriations by T. A. E. Weadock, 1894. Legal aspects of Christian Science, 1901. Case in Supreme Court of Nebraska (2 copies--see clippings in back of each copy), 1904. Christian Science and legislation, 1906. The Los Angeles case, 1907.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrinted material including: \"Religious Liberty in America\" by Charles M. Snow, 1914. Clipping of Model Sunday Law, 1915.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChiefly printed material including the following \"Religious Herald\" articles: \"Freedom, Civil and Religious,\" 1920. \"Baptists and Religious Liberty,\" 1920. \"The Bible in the Public Schools,\" 1923.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrinted material including: William Jennings Bryan speech at Democratic Convention, 1924. Minutes of Peninsula Baptist Association, 1925. Bibliographies on Bible study and religious education. Bible in public schools. \"Religious Herald\" pamphlets and clippings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence and printed material\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence and printed material including \"The Church in Politics\" (booklet).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrinted material and correspondence including the following: \"The Story of Religious Intolerance\" by Hudson Cary, etc. \"Liberty\" Magazines. \"The Vatican-Italian Accord.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrinted material and correspondence including: \"The Danger of Catholicism in Public School.\" \"The Truth Shall Make You Free.\" \"Legal Status of Bible Reading and religious Instruction in Public Schools.\" \"Liberty\" article: \"The Ideals of Thomas Jefferson on Religious Liberty\" by John Garland Pollard.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrinted material including: Copies of John Garland Pollard's speech before the Constitutional Convention of Virginia in 1901 (in \"Liberty\"). \"Virginia's Task in Higher Education.\" \"Religious Liberty and Mutual Understanding.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrinted material including: \"Liberty\" and other magazine articles. \"Laws Relating to the Releasing of Pupils from Public Schools on Religious Instruction.\" \"Week-day Religious Instruction.\" Jeremiah Moore, 1746-1815.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrinted material and correspondence including the following: \"Aid to Parochial and other Schools.\" \"The Kourier,\" November 1934 publication of the Ku Klux Klan. \"New Relations with Jews and Catholics.\" \"Discussion Outlines for Protestant Groups.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence and printed material including the following: State aid to schools. \"The School of Law of Illinois\" (book). \"State Aid to Donominational Schools.\" \"Kourier\", July 1935. \"Religious Liberty: Civilization's Barometer\" by Strauss. \"Liberty\" copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence and printed material including the following: \"Liberty\" magazine copies. Annual Southern Baptist Convention (See notes on cover). Report of the President of the University of Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence and printed material including the following: \"Reference on the Use of Public Funds for the Support of Private or Sectarian Educational Institutions\" (NEA memo). \"Liberty\" magazine, 2nd quarter of 1937. Congresssional Records, February 10th, 11th, and 12th of 1937.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence and printed material including the following: \"Axioms of Religious Liberty\" by James. \"Religion and Politics\" by John W. Davis. \"The Bible: Should It be in the School Room?\" by Franklin Steiner.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence and court records re: scholarships and drive for funds\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter of thanks for hospitality\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter and clippings\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters of thanks, etc.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSa-Se\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSh-Sl.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSm-Sp.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSt-Sz.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence and printed matter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProclamation by Governor Pollard and clipping\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrinted material and correspondence. Assessed value of personal property for 1920. Tax levies, etc.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMemos, digests of statements, etc.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGeneral correspondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGeneral correspondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence and data on bank deposits.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReports, memos, and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence and typed and printed material\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNewspaper clippings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eData, charts, maps.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence re political matters\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence re political matters. Mostly 1921.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence re political matters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMiscellaneous correspondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters of congratulations\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence re positions. Phone directory.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to John Garland Pollard from his office and other B of VA material\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMiscellaneous correspondence and printed matter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrinted matter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTypescriipts and correspondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence. Including correspondence concerning National Park Service and Shenandoah National Park.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence and reports.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, roster, and programs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence and news letters\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNews letters\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReceipts\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, concerning Fork Union Military Academy\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, includes correspondence with J. A. C. Chandler and with J. T. Davis concerning possible appointment to Federal Trade Commission.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence including correspondence with J. A. C. Chandler and Dr. E. G. Swem\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluding correspondence concerning William \u0026amp; Mary Presidential vacancy caused by death of J. A. C. Chandler. Also mentions an order for a gold seal, ordered from Balfour, London, that is to be awarded as a prize at commencement. Correspondence include John Stewart Bryan, Robert H. Tucker, Cary T. Grayson, Harry F. Byrd, Robert M. Hughes, J. H. Dillard, George C. Peery and correspondence concerning Franklin D. Roosevelt's visit in 1934.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence including correspondence concerning Franklin D. Roosevelt's visit in 1934. Correspondents include John Stewart Bryan, Cary T. Grayson, Kenneth Chorley, and Mrs. Alfred I. Dupont. Correspondence concerns possibility of John Garland Pollard's return to the College and his appointment to the Board of Visitors.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, including correspondence concerning Marshall-Wythe School of Law.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence and reports re restoration and John Garland Pollard's mayoralty campaign\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrinted historical material\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter re autograph copy of \"Dixie.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMimeo press releases\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMiscellaneous correspondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJohn Garland Pollard's work with Y.M.C.A. in France including original and typescripts of diary. (See also manuscript volumes, folders 81, 339, 546-563, including anti-German propoganda.)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHistorical and printed material, including programs and invitations concerning the Yorktown sesquincentinnial\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence re Yorktown Country Club, Yorktown Memorial Institute, etc.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJohn Barton Payne Collection, catalog, 1926\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(Bound)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlso, copies of \"The Four Arts\" magazine\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBuilding plans Copy of \"The Four Arts\" magazine\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo clippings\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopy of the \"Commowealth\" magazine, which includes an article about John Garland Pollard and the VMFA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlso, \"Prospectus of Program\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"The Main Currents in the Development of American Painting\". \"Prospectus of Program, 1936-1937\". \"Organic Laws\". \"Roster of Members\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReports.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReports, includes letter from sculptress, Malvina Hoffman\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApplicants for positions with the museum\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThoams C. Parker- Thomas Colt controversy. Letters favoring Parker for Director\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters favoring Parker for Director\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters favoring Parker. Data re Colt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCommunications favoring Parker. Affidavits concerning Colt. Letter by Colt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to and from both sides\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFinal correspondence. Appointment of Colt as Curator.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrsepondence and copy of will.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence concerning\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, clippings, and notes\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, minutes, and legal papers\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eManuel and Treasurer's book\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSunday School. Printed matter and reports.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSunday School reports re religion by great men in business\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence regarding\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence and reports\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrinted minutes of annual sessions\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFinancial matters, correspondence, and memos\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCheck stubs, checks, and bank statements\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence and printed matter. Attendance contest with Methodists in Sunday Schools.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence with and about new pastor\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence mainly about sale of property\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence about building new church\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArticles and newspaper comments\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGeneral correspondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eData for future articles\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eData for future articles\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNational Youth Act. Copies, comments, and correspondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"The Ohio Situation.\" Correspondence about proposed aid in Ohio to parochial schools.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrinted matter, memos, and correspondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEditor of \"The Religious Herald\". Correspondence about Baptist Policies\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSunday School children's letters defining word and Pollard's reply.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eManuscript and printed speeches by John Garland Pollard, by other person, and speech material gathered by John Garland Pollard. (See also Mansucript Volumes and Professional Files, appropriate folders)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee also manuscript volumes\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUnfair Trade Practices\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTax Equalization.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLaw as vocation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDemocratic Convention speeches\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotes and speeches on Thomas Jefferson\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTheodore Roosevelt articles on heroes of World War I.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSpeeches\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart I.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart II.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, notes, clippings, printed matter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotes for future editions\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eList of cases. Certificate of copyright\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence and printed material\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotes and clippings\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFirst edition. Comments from Bagbys and Pollards\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFirst edition. Thanks from distinguished people.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFirst edition. Thanks from members of the General Assembly.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFirst edition. Thanks miscellaneous.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFirst edition. Requests for copy. Mailing list for second edition.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSecond edition. Notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSecond edition. Correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThird edition. Correspondence and clippings, includes letters from political and literary notables: Charles E. Hughes, Eleanor Roosevelt, etc.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChiefly correspondence with Thomas Y. Crowell Company, publishers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChiefly correspondence with Thomas Y. Crowell company, publishers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProofs and notes\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(Newspaper clipping). John Garland Pollard, \"Virginia, Where Washington Lived,\" Review of Reviews\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVarious subjects\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVarious subjects\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWorld War I work of John Garland Pollard\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWorld War I work of John Garland Pollard\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWorld War I work of John Garland Pollard\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWorld War I work of John Garland Pollard\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWorld War I work of John Garland Pollard\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWorld War I work of John Garland Pollard\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWorld War I work of John Garland Pollard\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWorld War I work of John Garland Pollard\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWorld War I work of John Garland Pollard\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWorld War I work of John Garland Pollard\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWorld War I work of John Garland Pollard\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWorld War I work of John Garland Pollard\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWorld War I work of John Garland Pollard\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWorld War I work of John Garland Pollard\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWorld War I work of John Garland Pollard\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWorld War I work of John Garland Pollard\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWorld War I work of John Garland Pollard\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWorld War I work of John Garland Pollard\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWorld War I work of John Garland Pollard\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScrapbook of clippings, photographs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScrapbook of photographs, clippings, and other memorabilia (Late nineteenth century)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVolume containing typscript of \"To A Waterfowl\" and typescript of article re Washington Irving.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScrapbook of clippings and memorabilia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotebook of \"Scraps\" (poems, quotes, jokes, anecdotes, and 5a. etc. collected by John Garland Pollard.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVolume containing newspaper clippings of poems, jokes, etc.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVolume containing signed photographs of members\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClippings with list of papers favorable to Pollard's candidacy\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCampaign literature relating to his campaign for Governor\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSpeeches and speech material including speeches delivered in France\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTypescripts\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTypescript\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSome of these items have are already listed in Series 1 of the finding aid but have to be stored separately due to their physcial dimensions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Series 1, Folder 8] Original in the Virginia State Library\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[see also Series 1, Folder 98?]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Series 1, Folder 12A]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe framed certificate that was part of this addition has been moved to the Artifacts collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, notecards , publications: \"America's Favorite Poems\" published by Frederic J. Haskin, \"These United States\" a pamphlet of an address given by Nicholas Murray Butler on March 23, 1931 at the University of California, Berkeley, \"Fifteen Minutes a Day, The Harvard Classics\" edited by Charles W. Eliot, \"Commonwealthe Gleanings, A Collection of Epigrams, \" \"Plutology and Politics\" by Gilbert F. Stevenson, 1930, \"Higher Education in Virginia\" by William H. Stauffer, 1936, \"An Overlooked side of George Washington\" an address by Joseph Buffington, 1932, and a typed list of \"Extracts from Freethought Year Book.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1936 letter from Fred T. Wilson with a pamphlet, \"The Political Thought of John Dickinson,\" and a typed manuscript on George Mason.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters from W. Marvin Watson, Special Assistant to the President and Mrs. Margaret Price of The Democratic National Committee.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA print of the Governor's Mansion entitled \"Early Print of Governor's Mansion of Virginia.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLarge Christmas card from Sid Salomon with an embossed print of the Preamble to the Declaration of Independence and an attached story of the picture.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLarge Christmas card from Jean and Sid Salomon with an photograph of the 1967-1968 St. Souis Blues hockey team and a print of \"If,\" by Rudyard Kipling on gold paper.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCartoon, \"A Double Ringer,\" by Fed O. Seibel of the R ichmond Times-Dispatch, dated July 28, 1933, about wedding of Governor Pollard and Violet Elizabeth. Inscribed to \"Governor John Garland Pollard with my compliments, Fred O. Seibel.\" Mounted on illustrating board.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the correspondence and papers of John Garland Pollard related to his career at William \u0026amp; Mary.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and 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Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Letters, clippings, manuscript volumes, business papers, pamphlets, genealogical material, family papers, reports, memos, campaign literature, photographs of John G. Pollard (1871-1937), lawyer, educator, statesman, humanitarian, and governor of Virginia, 1930-1934. Prominent correspondents include Henry Watkins Anderson, Lady Astor, Frederic W. Boatwright, David K. E. Bruce, John Stewart Bryan, William Jennings Bryan, Harry F. Byrd, James Cannon, J. A. C. Chandler, Calvin Coolidge, Westmoreland Davis, Jessie Ball Dupont, Carter Glass, John D. Rockefeller, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Eleanor Roosevelt, Claude A. Swanson, Lyon G. Tyler, Alexander W. Weddell, and Woodrow Wilson."," Series 3 contains the correspondence and papers of John Garland Pollard related to his career at the College of William and Mary.\n \n \n Box 4, Folder 98 contains plot plans for Pollard Park and Chandler Court in Williamsburg, Va.","Correspondence, notes, clippings. Includes letters of H.E. Bacon concerning death of Thomas Pollard, Alexander S. Brown, William MacFarlane Jones, Hugh Pollard (of London, England) John Pollard, John Garland Pollard, Violet McDougall Pollard; typescript of Pollard and Robinson family Bible record; newspaper obituary of Dr. George Franklin Bagby; and biographical sketch of John Pollard (1839-1911)","Notes: and photocopy of Pollard and Robinson family Bible record","Includes correspondence of John Garland Pollard concerning the Pollard family; letter, 1891,of Grace Hawthorne (Phillips) Pollard; will (copy) of John Pollard (1803-1877); and chart, 1870, of Pollard Family.","Includes correspondence of John Garland Pollard concerning the Pollard family.","Includes correspondence of John Garland Pollard concerning the Pollard family.","Includes correspondence of John Garland Pollard concerning the Pollard family.","Includes Bagby family tree.","Johnson, Elizabeth Pollard Cox and Dodge, Jessie Gresham Pollard, compilers. Pamphlet. (Acc. no. 76-53)","Photostat of Petition from the citizens of St. Stephens Parish of New Kent County to Lt. Gov. Henry Chicheley, 1683?. Robert Pollard's signature among the petitioners. Original in the Virginia State Library. Oversize.","Manuscript book of oaths, 1785","1 letter","Cyphering book which includes law notes","License to practice law (signed by John B. Clopton, John A. Meredith and John Taylor Lomax); photograph; phrenology chart; obituary of wife Juliet (Jeffries) Pollard; and will (copy) of Thomas Jefferies.","Columbian College Diplomas. Oversize. T.P. commencement address, 1850, Columbian College","to son, John Pollard, Jr., 1860. 1 leter","Autobiography. (See also manuscript volumes)","Kept while serving as minister of Les St. Baptist Churh, Baltimore, Md., and on trips to Virginia, the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia, Pa, New York, New London, Ct., and Washington, D.C. Mentions funeral of Reverdy Johnson, his lecture to South Baltimore Mechanics Library Association; shaking hands with Ulysses S. Grant; death of Richard Fuller; and hearing the astronomer simon Newcomb speak.","Photograph of Richmond College faculty, 1888, including JP, Jr. (missing)","Sermons 1857-1868 and n.d. (no date); and newspaper clippings from The Religious Herald 10 November 1870, concerning death of Richard Hugh Bagby","Printed and manuscript sermons, 1876, 1887, 1901, and n.d. (no date), including sermon on history of Lee Street Baptist Church, Baltimore, Md","Essays and Addresses Presented at the first metting of the Congress of Virginian Baptists, 1883; The Blood of Jesus (unauthorized tract); manuscript record book of [Baptists?] probably in Richmond, Va., 1880's","Essays and Addresses Presented at the Second Congress of Virginia Baptists, 1886; Southern Baptists Convention, 1888; Religious Herald, 1899; The Civil Sabbath, 15 Nov 1900","Temperance, petitions (from Va. branches of W.C.T.U. including Staunton Branch [bearing signature of Flora (Cooke) Stuart]), Letters and notes 1882-1885","including record of salary recieved as professor at Richmond College.","Receipted bills, 1897","Receipted bills, 1898","Receipted bills, 1899","Receipted bills, 1900","Letters, 1856-1857, including letters written from Columbian College.","Letters, including letters written from Columbian College","Letters, 1859 written while attending Columbian College","Letters, 1860, written while teaching at Columbian College","Letters, 1861, written while teaching at Columbian College and concerning the inauguration of Abraham Lincoln","Correspondence, 1870-1873, including letter from John Pollard, Jr. to his children","Family correspondence, 1874-1907. Includes letters written by John Pollard, Jr. on trips to Rawley Springs, Rockingham Co., Va., Southern Baptist Convention at charleston, S.C., Philadelphia Centennial [ typewritten letter from Centennial], Groton, Conn., Buffalo Springs, [?] ; Portland, Me., Round Lake, N.Y. and London, Eng. Also includes letter of John Pollard (1803-1877) concerning his second marriage; and letters of John Garland Pollard. Also includes obituary of Susie Virginia Pollard.","James Pollard, Ord[inance] Dept. Rodes' Division, to John Pollard, Jr. concerning conduct of Confederate soilders during Gettysburg Campaign","Including calls to be pastor in Northampton Co., Va., and Farmville, Va., and a letter concerning John Garland Pollard at Columbian College. Also includes certificate as member of Masons; letter of thanks to Virginia (Bagby) Pollard and resolutions adopted to John Pollard upon their leaving Lee St. Baptist Church, Baltimore, Md.","Letters to John and Virginia Bagby Pollard, Letters 1861-1876","While serving in Confederate States Army at Gloucester Point and Yorktown, Va; and near Adams Run, S.C., and in the trenches near Petersb[ur]g, [Va.].","Letters 1861-1876 ( including letter of Edward Bagby)","Including letter of T.P. Bagby written while attending Richmond College.","Letters to and from, Includes letters from Alfred [Bagby ?], Mattie Evans, Mary E. Gresham, Mattie Hill, Virginia F. Lawrence, Sue Ryland and B. Woodward.","Copy of New Testament","Speech entitled \"The Spoils System\" delivered in response to an article by H.R. Pollard. no date., speaker unidentified.","Pollard and Bagby family fragments including on unidentified photograph","John Garland Pollard. Biographical material","Biography of John Garland Pollard by his sister, Maud Turman","1904 (names of lawsuits and lists of things to do). 1906( names of lawsuits), 1908 (names of lawsuits and lists of things to do), 1911 (appointments), 1916 (appointments for speeches), 1917 ( vote totals, appointments for speeches and campaign strategy), and 1929 (3 books; appointements for speeches, addresses of people and things to do for campaign). Files, John Garland Pollard's diary of World War I work in France, see Professional Files, Y.M.C.A.","Photographs","Photographs","Photographs","no date. (some taken during his gubernatorial term)","Copy of will, lists of bequests","Correspondence, mostly with John Garland Pollard (some letters concern teaching of evolution in schools) and letters of sympathy to John Garland Pollard on death of his brother, EBP, 1927. Also includes correspondence of Robert N. Pollard with John Garland Pollard.","Correspondence, with John Garland Pollard concerning John Garland Pollard's efforts to have him appointed federal Judge. Includes correspondence with Harry F. Byrd, Cary T. Grayson and Carter Glass.","Written ( or copied) by M.E. Pollard; newspaper clipping, 1917, concerning death of Mrs. Robert N. Pollard and poem, \" My Mother\"","Maud P. Sherman (sister of John Garland Pollard) correspondence, 1925-1936","Folders 56-","Mr. and Mrs. G. Harvey (sister of John Garland Pollard and brother- in- law). Correspondence, 1925-1937","Correspondence, 1921-1936. concerning student loan Funds established by Bagby at University of Richmond and William and Mary","Correspondence, 1923-1936, of A. Paul Bagby, Alfred Bagby, Jr. (and wife), Charles T. Bagby, George P. Bagby, Harry A. Bagby, Leslie H. Bagby, Luther R. Bagby, Mabel Strother Bagby, Olive Bagby, Sue E. Bagby, William F. Bagby, and William Hugh Bagby with John Garland Pollard.","Correspondence, 1928-1933","Correspondence, 1920-1937, concerning finances, William Jenings Byan's opinions concerning illness of Woodrow Wilson, Depression and drunken driving. Also includes correspondence of C. Browne Garnett, Jr., [?] Gignilliat, Hattie Belle Gresham and Lalla Smoot.","Correspondence with John Garland Pollard, 1934-1935, concerning death of John Garland Pollard's sister, Mrs. J. W. Willis and health of John Garland Pollard.","Correspondence with John Garland Pollard, 1936-1937, concerning health of John Garland Pollard","Correspondence. Chiefly letters from Pollard children and Billie Harris in China","Interdenominational missionary records","Correspondence. Mostly correspondence with John Garland Pollard and Pollard children. For correspondence with John Garland Pollard, 1930-1934, see Governorship Files","List of Files, callers at Executive mansion, Christmas cards and gifts sent and received. 1933-1942","Chiefly correspondence with John Garland Pollard, 1934-1937 and undated Includes letter of Joseph P. Kennedy","Chiefly cprrespondence with John Garland Pollard 1934-1937","Papers relating to attendance at National Cathedral School, 1922-1925","Receipts and Bills chiefly relating to wedding","Florida Vacation, 1936-1937 mostly notes and correspondence","\"Get Well\" letters, chiefly addressed to Mrs. John Garland Pollard","List of cards etc.","Mrs. John Garland Pollard's drafts of answers to sympathy letters, lists of those who sent flowers, condolences, letter, etc","Sympathy Letters and telegrams. A-E","Sympathy Letters and telegrams F-L","Sympathy Letters and telegrams M-R","Sympathy letters and telegrams, S-Z and Resolutions","Sympathy cards","Stock certificates, deeds, letter relating to cases, etc","1915-1918 Includes a notebook of carbon copy notes and letters prior to John Garland Pollard's departure for France, 1918, and during his stay","Expenses April to August 31, no year (year during residence in Williamsburg)","Business correspondence with Walter C. and W.B. Hopkins, 1921-1933","Banking Matters and correspondence","Mostly printed material-- home plans etc","Plats and Plans,(see also oversize) Ginter Park, Richmond; Chandler Court, Williamsburg home plans, Pollard Park, Belle Haven","Deeds. American Terminal Warehouse--Armour and Company and Gordon-Garnett.","Deeds. Includes Williamsburg deeds","Includes Williamsburg deeds","Deeds, including William and Mary and Williamsburg deeds.","Includes Williamsburg deeds","Deeds. Includes Williamsburg deeds","Deeds, etc. Includes Williamsburg deeds","Correspondence with Mrs. A.W. Dearing (purchaser of John Garland Pollard's Chandler Court house).","Washington area","and to Mrs. JCP (II)-1940. Also inaugural invitations","Washington, 1934-1937 (Mrs. John Garland Pollard (II) -1940) Invites other than the White House","Washington, 1934-1937 (Mrs. John Garland Pollard (II)- 1940). Invites other than the White House","Washington, 1934-1937 (Mrs. John Garland Pollard (II)-1940). Invites other than the White House","Programs, badges, etc","Bulletins, notes of meetings, etc., 1940-1970","Xmas Cards, dinners, etc. 1927-1936","(most of the John Garland Pollard clippings are to found in his vols.). Includes obituaries","Clippings, pamphlets, photographs.","Miscellaneous correspondence, etc.","Miscellaneous correspondence. 1921-1937, concerning founding of Marshall-Wythe School of Politics and Governmet, Va. gubernational race of 1925, and health of John Garland Pollard.","ABC Advisory Commitee, 1934-1937","Correspondence and data, 1929","Correspondence, 1932-1933","Correspondence and printed matter, 1927-1928","Correspondence","Correspondence","Correspondence","Correspondence with W. Garrett Conant, President of the National Society of American Art","Correspondence. 1931-1932. Including letter to Lady Astor from Stanley Baldwin","Correspondence with members of 1932- 1937, including new tribute to St. Andress motifs","War department correspondence.","Including correspondence of Gari Melchers","William Jennings Bryan and other members of the Bryan family, 1913-1924","Correspondence and with members of the Bryan family, 1925-1926 ; Re scopes trial","Memorial Association. Correspondence with P.H. Callahan and Ruth Bryan Owen","Correspondence and legal papers, 1928-1935","Correspondence, clipings, speeches 1923-1929","Correspondence and lcippings, 1930","Correspondence","Correspondence and clippings, 1932 (January-April), including Byrd for Presidential campaign material.","Correspondence","Correspondence, etc. 1933-1966, including speech by Byrd re John Garland Pollard","Correspondence, 1927-1932","Miscellaneous, 1922-1937","Includes letter to Elizabeth Cox giving John Garland Pollard's views on co-education. Miscellaneous, 1922-1937","Correspondence, 1926-1929 concerning memorial to William Jennings Bryan; and prohibition. (See also Bryan)","Printed material, 1935","Printed material, etc. 1935","Printed material","Copies of and correspondence, 1923-1928","Correspondence, clippings, notes, 1900-1902","\"Survivors\" correspondence, 1913","Correspondence and printed material, 1930","Letter to John Garland Pollard","Correspondence and printed material, 1935, includes letter from John D. Rockerfeller","Booklets and correspondence, 1934-1935","Printed matter and correspondence, 1936-1937","Correspondence and printed matter","Correspondence, 1930","County map of Virginia, 1915","John Garland Pollard's review of Lillian Craig's book, \"The Road to Echo\" Correspondence with D.S. Freeman concerning the review, etc.","including letters of Ted Dalton, Westmoreland Davis, Collins Denny, Jr., E. Griffith Dodson, and Ashton Dovell","Correspondence","Correspondence","Correspondence and clippings","Correspondence and articles, 1928-1937","E. Miscellaneous 1926-1934","Letter in response to invention","1 letter accepting invitations","including correspondnece with Sarah Lee Fain, Junis P. Fishburn, R. D. Ford (concerning Kate Walker Barrett) and Harry Emerson Fosdick","Correspondence, 1919-1928, concerning Y.M.C.A.","Mostly church and state relations, 1937","Correspondence, etc.","Complaints and recommendations","Chiefly correspondence re John Garland Pollard's and J.F. Nigent's re-appointments, 1924-1934","G. Miscellaneous","Certificate of incorporation, 1912","Correspondence, 1920-1931","Directories and ordinances","Correspondence","Correspondence","Correspondence","Correspondence and Clippings","Correspondence, including correspondence concerning the restoration of Bruton Parish Church","Invitation to Governors, printed material, John Garland Pollard's address of welcome.","Correspondence with Harry Byrd","Correspondence and clippings","Correspondence and clippings","Clippings","Expenses. (Bank Records)","Expenses. (Hotel, Printing)","Expenses. (Multigraphing)","Congratulatory letters. A-B.","Congratulatory letters. C-D.","Congratulatory letters. E-G.","Congratulatory letters. H-J.","Congratulatory letters. K-L.","Congratulatory letters. M.","Congratulatory letters. N-P.","Congratulatory letters. R-S.","Congratulatory letters. T.","Congratulatory letters. U-Z.","Correspondence and clippings. Including letter from Pollard-Dovell Democratic club, Williamsburg, Va.","Correspondence, includes speeches of opponent, W.M. Brown, and clippings.","Correspondence and clippings. Includes letter to W.M. Brown and unpubllished reply to Bishop Cannon's attack.","Mostly congratulatory letters. A-Bon.","Mostly congratulatory letters. Boo-Bz.","Mostly congratulatory letters. C.","Mostly congratulatory letters. D-E.","Mostly congratulatory letters. F-G","Mostly congratulatory letters. H.","Mostly congratulatory letters. I-K","Mostly congratulatory letters. L.","Mostly congratulatory letters. M-Mc.","Mostly congratulatory letters. N-Q","Mostly congratulatory letters. R.","Mostly congratulatory letters. S.","Mostly congratulatory letters. T.","Mostly congratulatory letters. U-Z.","Letters of thanks","Letters of thanks, Includes election results.","Correspondence.","Correspondence and other material.","Correspondence","Correspondence","Correspondence","Correspondence","Letters from John Garland Pollard's office including letters from Violet McDougall (Pollard) and letters concerning the Danville Strike and busts of Virginians, and location of Va. Museum of Fine Arts.","Correspondence","Correspondence","Corrupt Practices Acts. Pamphlets and mimeo data.","Good Roads. Printed material.","Government. Printed material; speech entitled \"Who Represent the People of Virginia\" by James E. Pate.","Taxation. Letter and pamphlets.","Including resolution by General Assembly endorsing Harry F. Byrd for president, proposal to cut expenses in criminal trials, and purchase of Jamestown.","A.","Applications for Jobs. A.","Applications for Jobs. B.","Applications for Jobs. C.","Applications for Jobs. D.","Applications for Jobs. E.","Applications for Jobs. F.","Applications for Jobs. G.","Applications for Jobs. H.","Applications for Jobs. I, J.","Applications for Jobs. K.","Applications for Jobs. L.","Applications for Jobs. M.","Applications for Jobs. N, O.","Applications for Jobs. P.","Applications for Jobs. Q, R.","Applications for Jobs. S.","Applications for Jobs. T, U, V.","Applications for Jobs. W, Z.","B, including letters from Mr. and Mrs. H. Lee, and letter from William J. Clark, president of Virginia Union University, concerning low cost housing project for Black people.","C, including fundraising request from William J. Clark, President of Virginia Union University, correspondence with sister, Mrs. G. Harvey Clarke, and nephew, G. Stanley Clarke, and in-laws, Judge Heriot Clarkson, c.c. Cooper (concerning Prohibition).","Carters' Grove, (including aerial photographs), and the creation of Colonial National Historical Park.","Clippings including John Garland Pollard's views on separation of church and state","Congratulatory letters.","Cox Family, correspondence.","D, E.","F (including letters concerning Federal Bar Assocaition).","G (including correspondence with Noel Gaines concerning John Garland Pollard's views on separation of church and state).","George Washington University.","H.","Invitations","Invitations","J, K, L.","M.","Military Academy appointments","N, O, P.","Publication notes","Q, R.","S.","Smoot Family, correspondence.","Speech Material.","T, U, V.","W, X, Y, Z.","\"Wits-Bits.\"","Letters re Jackson Monument","Letters and clippings","Correspondence re appointments","Letter re arrangements","Letter re arrangements","Correspondence re: sale of property","Correspondence re: sale of property","Correspondence re new school","Notes and clippings about Mason and Gunston Hall","Correspondence","Inscribed poem \"John Pollard of Virginia\"","Mimeographed report","Report on the program","Correspondence and mimeographed material","Mimeographed material and correspondence","Including letters of Ruth (Bryan) Owen Rohde","Correspondence","Re visit to Yorktown","Signed program and letter","Correspondence, chiefly business and political","Correspondence regarding John Garland Pollard's copy of","Includes correspondence with A. J. Montague","Correspondence with H. St. George Tucker re Tucker's campaign for governorship","W. A. Jones' and Carter Glass' campaigns for U.S. Senate. Correspondence, etc.","Printed material re Jones and Glass campaigns","A. J. Montague's possible judgeship. Correspondence, etc.","John Garland Pollard's campaign for Attorney General; Popular Government League. Correspondence","Correspondence and printed material re inauguration of Gov. Stuart and John Garland Pollard as Attorney General. Also correspondence of Virginia Progressive Democratic League.","Prohibition \"Speech Stuff\" and newspaper clippings","Prohibition. Clippings and correspondence, including correspondence with James Cannon.","Chiefly John Garland Pollard's campaign for Governor. Correspondence and printed material.","John Garland Pollard's campaign for Governor. Correspondence. Attitude of the \"Drys\" and the Anti-Saloon League.","Correspondence, campaign literature for governorship, clippings","Campaign for Governor. Correspondence and printed material. Anti-Saloon League letters.","Campaign for Governor. Clippings and copy of speech about Ellyson, n.d.","Campaign for Governor. Account book listing expenses and supporters by county.","Campaign for Governor. General Correspondence.","War time clippings (some relating to John Garland Pollard's work abroad).","Correspondence, printed material, and clippings.","Trinkle vs. Anderson governorship.","Correspondence re government and medicine and John Garland Pollard's campaign for Federal Trade Commission appointment (see also FTC folder).","Correspondence, affidavits, and printed materail relating to government and medicine, HGP's interest in FTC appointment, reorganization of State government, John Garland Pollard as chairman of Williamsburg Democratic Committee.","Reorganization of State government; Hoover-Smith Presidential campaign. H.F. Byrd letters included.","Correspondence re Hoover-Smith campaign.","Correspondence re Hoover-Smith campaign","Printed material and clippings re reorganization of State government, prohibition, and Hoover-Smith campaign.","Miscellaneous correspondence and printed material","Correspondence","Correspondence, Anti-Saloon League Yearbook","Correspondence and printed matter","Chiefly printed matter","Correspondence and printed matter","Correspondence and printed matter","Printed material including: Speech, Indian appropriations by T. A. E. Weadock, 1894. Legal aspects of Christian Science, 1901. Case in Supreme Court of Nebraska (2 copies--see clippings in back of each copy), 1904. Christian Science and legislation, 1906. The Los Angeles case, 1907.","Printed material including: \"Religious Liberty in America\" by Charles M. Snow, 1914. Clipping of Model Sunday Law, 1915.","Chiefly printed material including the following \"Religious Herald\" articles: \"Freedom, Civil and Religious,\" 1920. \"Baptists and Religious Liberty,\" 1920. \"The Bible in the Public Schools,\" 1923.","Printed material including: William Jennings Bryan speech at Democratic Convention, 1924. Minutes of Peninsula Baptist Association, 1925. Bibliographies on Bible study and religious education. Bible in public schools. \"Religious Herald\" pamphlets and clippings.","Correspondence and printed material","Correspondence and printed material including \"The Church in Politics\" (booklet).","Printed material and correspondence including the following: \"The Story of Religious Intolerance\" by Hudson Cary, etc. \"Liberty\" Magazines. \"The Vatican-Italian Accord.\"","Printed material and correspondence including: \"The Danger of Catholicism in Public School.\" \"The Truth Shall Make You Free.\" \"Legal Status of Bible Reading and religious Instruction in Public Schools.\" \"Liberty\" article: \"The Ideals of Thomas Jefferson on Religious Liberty\" by John Garland Pollard.","Printed material including: Copies of John Garland Pollard's speech before the Constitutional Convention of Virginia in 1901 (in \"Liberty\"). \"Virginia's Task in Higher Education.\" \"Religious Liberty and Mutual Understanding.\"","Printed material including: \"Liberty\" and other magazine articles. \"Laws Relating to the Releasing of Pupils from Public Schools on Religious Instruction.\" \"Week-day Religious Instruction.\" Jeremiah Moore, 1746-1815.","Printed material and correspondence including the following: \"Aid to Parochial and other Schools.\" \"The Kourier,\" November 1934 publication of the Ku Klux Klan. \"New Relations with Jews and Catholics.\" \"Discussion Outlines for Protestant Groups.","Correspondence and printed material including the following: State aid to schools. \"The School of Law of Illinois\" (book). \"State Aid to Donominational Schools.\" \"Kourier\", July 1935. \"Religious Liberty: Civilization's Barometer\" by Strauss. \"Liberty\" copies.","Correspondence and printed material including the following: \"Liberty\" magazine copies. Annual Southern Baptist Convention (See notes on cover). Report of the President of the University of Richmond.","Correspondence and printed material including the following: \"Reference on the Use of Public Funds for the Support of Private or Sectarian Educational Institutions\" (NEA memo). \"Liberty\" magazine, 2nd quarter of 1937. Congresssional Records, February 10th, 11th, and 12th of 1937.","Correspondence and printed material including the following: \"Axioms of Religious Liberty\" by James. \"Religion and Politics\" by John W. Davis. \"The Bible: Should It be in the School Room?\" by Franklin Steiner.","Correspondence and court records re: scholarships and drive for funds","Letter of thanks for hospitality","Correspondence","Letter and clippings","Letters of thanks, etc.","Sa-Se","Sh-Sl.","Sm-Sp.","St-Sz.","Correspondence and printed matter","Proclamation by Governor Pollard and clipping","Printed material and correspondence. Assessed value of personal property for 1920. Tax levies, etc.","Memos, digests of statements, etc.","General correspondence","General correspondence","Correspondence and data on bank deposits.","Reports, memos, and correspondence.","Correspondence and typed and printed material","Newspaper clippings.","Data, charts, maps.","Correspondence","Correspondence re political matters","Correspondence re political matters. Mostly 1921.","Correspondence re political matters.","Miscellaneous correspondence","Correspondence","Letters of congratulations","Correspondence re positions. Phone directory.","Letters to John Garland Pollard from his office and other B of VA material","Miscellaneous correspondence and printed matter","Correspondence","Printed matter.","Typescriipts and correspondence","Correspondence. Including correspondence concerning National Park Service and Shenandoah National Park.","Correspondence and reports.","Correspondence, roster, and programs","Correspondence and news letters","News letters","Receipts","Correspondence","Correspondence, concerning Fork Union Military Academy","Correspondence, includes correspondence with J. A. C. Chandler and with J. T. Davis concerning possible appointment to Federal Trade Commission.","Correspondence including correspondence with J. A. C. Chandler and Dr. E. G. Swem","Including correspondence concerning William \u0026 Mary Presidential vacancy caused by death of J. A. C. Chandler. Also mentions an order for a gold seal, ordered from Balfour, London, that is to be awarded as a prize at commencement. Correspondence include John Stewart Bryan, Robert H. Tucker, Cary T. Grayson, Harry F. Byrd, Robert M. Hughes, J. H. Dillard, George C. Peery and correspondence concerning Franklin D. Roosevelt's visit in 1934.","Correspondence including correspondence concerning Franklin D. Roosevelt's visit in 1934. Correspondents include John Stewart Bryan, Cary T. Grayson, Kenneth Chorley, and Mrs. Alfred I. Dupont. Correspondence concerns possibility of John Garland Pollard's return to the College and his appointment to the Board of Visitors.","Correspondence, including correspondence concerning Marshall-Wythe School of Law.","Correspondence","Correspondence","Correspondence and reports re restoration and John Garland Pollard's mayoralty campaign","Printed historical material","Correspondence","Letter re autograph copy of \"Dixie.\"","Mimeo press releases","Miscellaneous correspondence","John Garland Pollard's work with Y.M.C.A. in France including original and typescripts of diary. (See also manuscript volumes, folders 81, 339, 546-563, including anti-German propoganda.)","Historical and printed material, including programs and invitations concerning the Yorktown sesquincentinnial","Correspondence re Yorktown Country Club, Yorktown Memorial Institute, etc.","John Barton Payne Collection, catalog, 1926","(Bound)","Also, copies of \"The Four Arts\" magazine","Building plans Copy of \"The Four Arts\" magazine","Two clippings","Copy of the \"Commowealth\" magazine, which includes an article about John Garland Pollard and the VMFA","Also, \"Prospectus of Program\"","\"The Main Currents in the Development of American Painting\". \"Prospectus of Program, 1936-1937\". \"Organic Laws\". \"Roster of Members\".","Reports.","Reports, includes letter from sculptress, Malvina Hoffman","Applicants for positions with the museum","Thoams C. Parker- Thomas Colt controversy. Letters favoring Parker for Director","Letters favoring Parker for Director","Letters favoring Parker. Data re Colt.","Communications favoring Parker. Affidavits concerning Colt. Letter by Colt.","Letters to and from both sides","Final correspondence. Appointment of Colt as Curator.","Corrsepondence and copy of will.","Correspondence","Correspondence.","Correspondence concerning","Correspondence, clippings, and notes","Correspondence, minutes, and legal papers","Manuel and Treasurer's book","Sunday School. Printed matter and reports.","Sunday School reports re religion by great men in business","Correspondence regarding","Correspondence and reports","Printed minutes of annual sessions","Financial matters, correspondence, and memos","Check stubs, checks, and bank statements","Correspondence and printed matter. Attendance contest with Methodists in Sunday Schools.","Correspondence with and about new pastor","Correspondence mainly about sale of property","Correspondence about building new church","Articles and newspaper comments","General correspondence","Data for future articles","Data for future articles","National Youth Act. Copies, comments, and correspondence","\"The Ohio Situation.\" Correspondence about proposed aid in Ohio to parochial schools.","Printed matter, memos, and correspondence","Editor of \"The Religious Herald\". Correspondence about Baptist Policies","Sunday School children's letters defining word and Pollard's reply.","Manuscript and printed speeches by John Garland Pollard, by other person, and speech material gathered by John Garland Pollard. (See also Mansucript Volumes and Professional Files, appropriate folders)","See also manuscript volumes","Unfair Trade Practices","Tax Equalization.","Law as vocation","Democratic Convention speeches","Notes and speeches on Thomas Jefferson","Theodore Roosevelt articles on heroes of World War I.","Speeches","Part I.","Part II.","Correspondence, notes, clippings, printed matter","Notes for future editions","List of cases. Certificate of copyright","Correspondence","Correspondence and printed material","Correspondence","Correspondence","Notes and clippings","First edition. Comments from Bagbys and Pollards","First edition. Thanks from distinguished people.","First edition. Thanks from members of the General Assembly.","First edition. Thanks miscellaneous.","First edition. Requests for copy. Mailing list for second edition.","Second edition. Notes.","Second edition. Correspondence.","Third edition. Correspondence and clippings, includes letters from political and literary notables: Charles E. Hughes, Eleanor Roosevelt, etc.","Chiefly correspondence with Thomas Y. Crowell Company, publishers.","Chiefly correspondence with Thomas Y. Crowell company, publishers.","Proofs and notes","(Newspaper clipping). John Garland Pollard, \"Virginia, Where Washington Lived,\" Review of Reviews","Various subjects","Various subjects","World War I work of John Garland Pollard","World War I work of John Garland Pollard","World War I work of John Garland Pollard","World War I work of John Garland Pollard","World War I work of John Garland Pollard","World War I work of John Garland Pollard","World War I work of John Garland Pollard","World War I work of John Garland Pollard","World War I work of John Garland Pollard","World War I work of John Garland Pollard","World War I work of John Garland Pollard","World War I work of John Garland Pollard","World War I work of John Garland Pollard","World War I work of John Garland Pollard","World War I work of John Garland Pollard","World War I work of John Garland Pollard","World War I work of John Garland Pollard","World War I work of John Garland Pollard","World War I work of John Garland Pollard","Scrapbook of clippings, photographs","Scrapbook of photographs, clippings, and other memorabilia (Late nineteenth century)","Volume containing typscript of \"To A Waterfowl\" and typescript of article re Washington Irving.","Scrapbook of clippings and memorabilia.","Notebook of \"Scraps\" (poems, quotes, jokes, anecdotes, and 5a. etc. collected by John Garland Pollard.","Volume containing newspaper clippings of poems, jokes, etc.","Volume containing signed photographs of members","Clippings with list of papers favorable to Pollard's candidacy","Campaign literature relating to his campaign for Governor","Speeches and speech material including speeches delivered in France","Typescripts","Typescript","Some of these items have are already listed in Series 1 of the finding aid but have to be stored separately due to their physcial dimensions.","[Series 1, Folder 8] Original in the Virginia State Library","[see also Series 1, Folder 98?]","[Series 1, Folder 12A]","The framed certificate that was part of this addition has been moved to the Artifacts collection.","Correspondence, notecards , publications: \"America's Favorite Poems\" published by Frederic J. Haskin, \"These United States\" a pamphlet of an address given by Nicholas Murray Butler on March 23, 1931 at the University of California, Berkeley, \"Fifteen Minutes a Day, The Harvard Classics\" edited by Charles W. Eliot, \"Commonwealthe Gleanings, A Collection of Epigrams, \" \"Plutology and Politics\" by Gilbert F. Stevenson, 1930, \"Higher Education in Virginia\" by William H. Stauffer, 1936, \"An Overlooked side of George Washington\" an address by Joseph Buffington, 1932, and a typed list of \"Extracts from Freethought Year Book.\"","1936 letter from Fred T. Wilson with a pamphlet, \"The Political Thought of John Dickinson,\" and a typed manuscript on George Mason.","Letters from W. Marvin Watson, Special Assistant to the President and Mrs. Margaret Price of The Democratic National Committee.","A print of the Governor's Mansion entitled \"Early Print of Governor's Mansion of Virginia.\"","Large Christmas card from Sid Salomon with an embossed print of the Preamble to the Declaration of Independence and an attached story of the picture.","Large Christmas card from Jean and Sid Salomon with an photograph of the 1967-1968 St. Souis Blues hockey team and a print of \"If,\" by Rudyard Kipling on gold paper.","Cartoon, \"A Double Ringer,\" by Fed O. Seibel of the R ichmond Times-Dispatch, dated July 28, 1933, about wedding of Governor Pollard and Violet Elizabeth. Inscribed to \"Governor John Garland Pollard with my compliments, Fred O. 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