{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1904\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Item\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1904\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Item\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University\u0026page=1"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":2,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_377_c128","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Commemorative medals, 1892/1915","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_377_c128#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003e375th Anniversary of the German Reformation commemorative medal, featuring image of German Kaiser Wilhelm II, circa 1892.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_377_c128#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_377_c128","ref_ssm":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_377_c128"],"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_377_c128","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_377","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_377","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_377","parent_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_377","parent_ssim":["Gustav Klemp World War I collection, 1892, bulk 1914/1918"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_377"],"title_filing_ssi":"Commemorative medals","title_ssm":["Commemorative medals"],"title_tesim":["Commemorative medals"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Commemorative medals, 1892/1915"],"text":["Commemorative medals, 1892/1915","Gustav Klemp World War I collection, 1892, bulk 1914/1918","box 1","375th Anniversary of the German Reformation commemorative medal, featuring image of German Kaiser Wilhelm II, circa 1892.","Commemorative medal for the alliance of Germany with Austria-Hungary, featuring image of Austrian Kaiser Franz-Joseph and German Kaiser Wilhlem II, 1915.","Commemorative medal for Battle of Coronel, featuring image of German Admiral Maximilian von Spee, 1914.","Commemorative medal for German field marshal August von Mackensen, circa 1914."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Gustav Klemp World War I collection, 1892, bulk 1914/1918"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Gustav Klemp World War I collection, 1892, bulk 1914/1918"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1892/1915"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1892-1915"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":128,"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"collection_ssim":["Gustav Klemp World War I collection, 1892, bulk 1914/1918"],"containers_ssim":["box 1"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The handwritten narrative is restricted due to preservation concerns. It was digitized and is available to view  There are no other restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"date_range_isim":[1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e375th Anniversary of the German Reformation commemorative medal, featuring image of German Kaiser Wilhelm II, circa 1892.\u003c/p\u003e ","\u003cp\u003eCommemorative medal for the alliance of Germany with Austria-Hungary, featuring image of Austrian Kaiser Franz-Joseph and German Kaiser Wilhlem II, 1915.\u003c/p\u003e ","\u003cp\u003eCommemorative medal for Battle of Coronel, featuring image of German Admiral Maximilian von Spee, 1914.\u003c/p\u003e ","\u003cp\u003eCommemorative medal for German field marshal August von Mackensen, circa 1914.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["375th Anniversary of the German Reformation commemorative medal, featuring image of German Kaiser Wilhelm II, circa 1892.","Commemorative medal for the alliance of Germany with Austria-Hungary, featuring image of Austrian Kaiser Franz-Joseph and German Kaiser Wilhlem II, 1915.","Commemorative medal for Battle of Coronel, featuring image of German Admiral Maximilian von Spee, 1914.","Commemorative medal for German field marshal August von Mackensen, circa 1914."],"_nest_path_":"/components#127","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:34:46.203Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_377","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_377","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_377","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_377","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_377.xml","title_ssm":["Gustav Klemp World War I collection"],"title_tesim":["Gustav Klemp World War I collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1892-1920s","1914-1918"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1892-1920s"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1914-1918"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1892, bulk 1914/1918"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Gustav Klemp World War I collection, 1892, bulk 1914/1918"],"text":["Gustav Klemp World War I collection, 1892, bulk 1914/1918","C0250","/repositories/2/resources/377","World War, 1914-1918","Photographs","Military camps","Art","Postcards","The handwritten narrative is restricted due to preservation concerns. It was digitized and is available to view  There are no other restrictions.","The majority of this collection was digitized and is available to view","Klemp's handwritten narrative was transcribed from Kurrent script into modern German, and then translated into English by Dorothee Schubel and Amanda Menjivar, completed in October 2024.","Link to the German transcription can be found here: https://mars.gmu.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/24e338a2-e661-4e0d-b45b-49147166b8a1/content","Link to the English translation can be found here: https://mars.gmu.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/ad827b6d-f6f7-42e5-878f-f3d138d280cf/content","This collection is arranged by item format: certificates, postcards and photographs, artworks, commemorative medallions, and the handwritten narrative.","Gustav Klemp (May 16, 1882-April 1, 1941) was a house painter, photographer, and artist who resided in West Prussia during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Klemp was a member of the Deutschen Maler-Bundes (German Painters' Association) and owned a house painting business, as well as a side photography business, in Podgórz, then West Prussia. Podgórz, which still exists, is a district of the city of Toruń in now Poland. Klemp was 32 at the outbreak of World War I in 1914, and he reluctantly served as a medic with the German Army. He sent dozens of postcards from the Eastern Front to his wife, Martha Klemp, and other friends and family. Many of these postcards were photographic, and were shot and developed by Klemp during his military service.","Klemp also created watercolors, and ink and graphite drawings that portrayed camp life, landscapes of the war, and German troops. Klemp survived the war, and after the creation of an independent Poland, he and his family were given the decision to become Polish citizens or emigrate. The Klemp family then immigrated to the United States and settled in the upper midwest, first in Iowa and then Wisconsin. Klemp made his living in the United States primarily by painting murals for churches. He died in May 1941 at the age of 59, six months before the United States entered World War II.","Processing completed by Elizabeth Beckman in November 2014. EAD markup completed by Elizabeth Beckman in November 2014. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in March 2022.","Collection reprocessed by Amanda Menjivar from January-February 2024. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in February 2024. Inventory assistance provided by Meghan Glasbrenner.","German transcription and translation provided by Dorothee Schubel, Metadata and Cataloging Librarian at George Mason University Libraries. Transkribus by READ-COOP was used for the Kurrent Script transcription.","The Special Collections Research Center holds other collections on World War I, including the  and the","The Gustav Klemp World War I collection consists of postcards (both photographic and printed), photographs, artworks, commemorative medals, and a handwritten narrative that document the military service experience of Gustav Klemp, a Prussian medic with the German army who served on the Eastern Front during World War I. The materials were created from circa 1892-1920s, with the bulk of materials created from 1914-1918. Many of the photographic postcards are group portraits of German soldiers, as well as images of military camp life, many of which feature Klemp. Several of the postcards have messages written in Kurrent and Latin script from Klemp to his wife, Martha Klemp, and other friends and family. Klemp sent postcards from across the Eastern Front, including Hungary, Poland, Romania, Russia, and Ukraine.","Also included in the collection are artworks created by Klemp during his time on the Eastern Front. These include watercolors, and ink and graphite drawings that portrayed camp life, landscapes of the war, and German troops. A couple of the pieces of art in this collection were likely painted by one of his fellow soldiers and acquired by Klemp during his service.","Transcription and translation of text is provided where applicable in the inventory scope notes.","No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)","The Gustav Klemp World War I collection contains certificates, postcards, artwork, commemorative medals, and a handwritten narrative by Gustav Klemp, a Prussian artist and German army medic during the First World War, from circa 1892-1922.","R 50, C 2, S 7","George Mason University. Libraries. 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The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Klemp's grandson, Richard Passig, in September 2014, and February-March 2015."],"access_subjects_ssim":["World War, 1914-1918","Photographs","Military camps","Art","Postcards"],"access_subjects_ssm":["World War, 1914-1918","Photographs","Military camps","Art","Postcards"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.75 Linear Feet 2 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["0.75 Linear Feet 2 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Postcards"],"date_range_isim":[1892,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe handwritten narrative is restricted due to preservation concerns. It was digitized and is available to view \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"here.\" href=\"http://images.gmu.edu/luna/servlet/detail/GMU~11~11~1098~188409:Narrative-of-World-War-I-journal?sort=title%2Cdate%2Ccreator%2Csubject\u0026amp;qvq=sort:title%2Cdate%2Ccreator%2Csubject;lc:GMU~11~11\u0026amp;mi=29\u0026amp;trs=129\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e There are no other restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The handwritten narrative is restricted due to preservation concerns. It was digitized and is available to view  There are no other restrictions."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe majority of this collection was digitized and is available to view \u003cextptr href=\"http://images.gmu.edu/luna/servlet/GMU~11~11\" title=\"here.\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eKlemp's handwritten narrative was transcribed from Kurrent script into modern German, and then translated into English by Dorothee Schubel and Amanda Menjivar, completed in October 2024. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLink to the German transcription can be found here: https://mars.gmu.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/24e338a2-e661-4e0d-b45b-49147166b8a1/content\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLink to the English translation can be found here: https://mars.gmu.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/ad827b6d-f6f7-42e5-878f-f3d138d280cf/content\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternative Form Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["The majority of this collection was digitized and is available to view","Klemp's handwritten narrative was transcribed from Kurrent script into modern German, and then translated into English by Dorothee Schubel and Amanda Menjivar, completed in October 2024.","Link to the German transcription can be found here: https://mars.gmu.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/24e338a2-e661-4e0d-b45b-49147166b8a1/content","Link to the English translation can be found here: https://mars.gmu.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/ad827b6d-f6f7-42e5-878f-f3d138d280cf/content"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged by item format: certificates, postcards and photographs, artworks, commemorative medallions, and the handwritten narrative.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged by item format: certificates, postcards and photographs, artworks, commemorative medallions, and the handwritten narrative."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGustav Klemp (May 16, 1882-April 1, 1941) was a house painter, photographer, and artist who resided in West Prussia during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Klemp was a member of the Deutschen Maler-Bundes (German Painters' Association) and owned a house painting business, as well as a side photography business, in Podgórz, then West Prussia. Podgórz, which still exists, is a district of the city of Toruń in now Poland. Klemp was 32 at the outbreak of World War I in 1914, and he reluctantly served as a medic with the German Army. He sent dozens of postcards from the Eastern Front to his wife, Martha Klemp, and other friends and family. Many of these postcards were photographic, and were shot and developed by Klemp during his military service.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eKlemp also created watercolors, and ink and graphite drawings that portrayed camp life, landscapes of the war, and German troops. Klemp survived the war, and after the creation of an independent Poland, he and his family were given the decision to become Polish citizens or emigrate. The Klemp family then immigrated to the United States and settled in the upper midwest, first in Iowa and then Wisconsin. Klemp made his living in the United States primarily by painting murals for churches. He died in May 1941 at the age of 59, six months before the United States entered World War II.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Gustav Klemp (May 16, 1882-April 1, 1941) was a house painter, photographer, and artist who resided in West Prussia during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Klemp was a member of the Deutschen Maler-Bundes (German Painters' Association) and owned a house painting business, as well as a side photography business, in Podgórz, then West Prussia. Podgórz, which still exists, is a district of the city of Toruń in now Poland. Klemp was 32 at the outbreak of World War I in 1914, and he reluctantly served as a medic with the German Army. He sent dozens of postcards from the Eastern Front to his wife, Martha Klemp, and other friends and family. Many of these postcards were photographic, and were shot and developed by Klemp during his military service.","Klemp also created watercolors, and ink and graphite drawings that portrayed camp life, landscapes of the war, and German troops. Klemp survived the war, and after the creation of an independent Poland, he and his family were given the decision to become Polish citizens or emigrate. The Klemp family then immigrated to the United States and settled in the upper midwest, first in Iowa and then Wisconsin. Klemp made his living in the United States primarily by painting murals for churches. He died in May 1941 at the age of 59, six months before the United States entered World War II."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGustav Klemp World War I collection, C0250, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Gustav Klemp World War I collection, C0250, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nProcessing completed by Elizabeth Beckman in November 2014. EAD markup completed by Elizabeth Beckman in November 2014. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in March 2022.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nCollection reprocessed by Amanda Menjivar from January-February 2024. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in February 2024. Inventory assistance provided by Meghan Glasbrenner.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nGerman transcription and translation provided by Dorothee Schubel, Metadata and Cataloging Librarian at George Mason University Libraries. Transkribus by READ-COOP was used for the Kurrent Script transcription.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing completed by Elizabeth Beckman in November 2014. EAD markup completed by Elizabeth Beckman in November 2014. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in March 2022.","Collection reprocessed by Amanda Menjivar from January-February 2024. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in February 2024. Inventory assistance provided by Meghan Glasbrenner.","German transcription and translation provided by Dorothee Schubel, Metadata and Cataloging Librarian at George Mason University Libraries. Transkribus by READ-COOP was used for the Kurrent Script transcription."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center holds other collections on World War I, including the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Underwood and Underwood World War I press photographs\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0502\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e and the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Diary of World War I Red Cross Canteen worker Florence Bishop.\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0393\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center holds other collections on World War I, including the  and the"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nThe Gustav Klemp World War I collection consists of postcards (both photographic and printed), photographs, artworks, commemorative medals, and a handwritten narrative that document the military service experience of Gustav Klemp, a Prussian medic with the German army who served on the Eastern Front during World War I. The materials were created from circa 1892-1920s, with the bulk of materials created from 1914-1918. Many of the photographic postcards are group portraits of German soldiers, as well as images of military camp life, many of which feature Klemp. Several of the postcards have messages written in Kurrent and Latin script from Klemp to his wife, Martha Klemp, and other friends and family. Klemp sent postcards from across the Eastern Front, including Hungary, Poland, Romania, Russia, and Ukraine.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nAlso included in the collection are artworks created by Klemp during his time on the Eastern Front. These include watercolors, and ink and graphite drawings that portrayed camp life, landscapes of the war, and German troops. A couple of the pieces of art in this collection were likely painted by one of his fellow soldiers and acquired by Klemp during his service.\n\u003c/p\u003e \n","\u003cp\u003e\nTranscription and translation of text is provided where applicable in the inventory scope notes.\n\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Gustav Klemp World War I collection consists of postcards (both photographic and printed), photographs, artworks, commemorative medals, and a handwritten narrative that document the military service experience of Gustav Klemp, a Prussian medic with the German army who served on the Eastern Front during World War I. The materials were created from circa 1892-1920s, with the bulk of materials created from 1914-1918. Many of the photographic postcards are group portraits of German soldiers, as well as images of military camp life, many of which feature Klemp. Several of the postcards have messages written in Kurrent and Latin script from Klemp to his wife, Martha Klemp, and other friends and family. Klemp sent postcards from across the Eastern Front, including Hungary, Poland, Romania, Russia, and Ukraine.","Also included in the collection are artworks created by Klemp during his time on the Eastern Front. These include watercolors, and ink and graphite drawings that portrayed camp life, landscapes of the war, and German troops. A couple of the pieces of art in this collection were likely painted by one of his fellow soldiers and acquired by Klemp during his service.","Transcription and translation of text is provided where applicable in the inventory scope notes."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_ab8d973788edc0af114bd2dede8e8cc5\"\u003eThe Gustav Klemp World War I collection contains certificates, postcards, artwork, commemorative medals, and a handwritten narrative by Gustav Klemp, a Prussian artist and German army medic during the First World War, from circa 1892-1922.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Gustav Klemp World War I collection contains certificates, postcards, artwork, commemorative medals, and a handwritten narrative by Gustav Klemp, a Prussian artist and German army medic during the First World War, from circa 1892-1922."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_a5b7b886b0c743560c24b9c1235a62dd\"\u003eR 50, C 2, S 7\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R 50, C 2, S 7"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Klemp, Gustav, 1882-1941"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. 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There are no known restrictions."],"date_range_isim":[1904],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eby Penfield\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents note"],"scopecontent_tesim":["by Penfield"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#25/components#26","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:34:21.201Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_144","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_144","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_144","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_144","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_144.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Northern Virginia Civil War images collection","title_ssm":["Northern Virginia Civil War images collection"],"title_tesim":["Northern Virginia Civil War images collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1853-1914"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1853-1914"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1853/1914"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Northern Virginia Civil War images collection, 1853/1914"],"text":["Northern Virginia Civil War images collection, 1853/1914","C0150","/repositories/2/resources/144","Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia, Northern","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia, Northern -- History","Maps","Lithography","Chromolithography","Wood engravings","Steel engravings","There are no access restrictions.","This collection is arranged by locality of primary image.","The Illustrated London News was one of the first newspapers to employ wood engravings on a wide scale. One of its artists was Frank Vizetelly (1830-1883); he covered the Civil War for British readers. Early on, he illustrated the war from the Union side but was later allowed to draw from the Confederate side. Artists like Vizetelly sometimes did more than draw, though. He acted as a messenger for Confederate General James Longstreet at the battle of Chickamauga. Vizetelly was also a staff aide for the Confederates at the battle of Fredericksburg and was present at Charleston, South Carolina, when it was besieged. Because of such personal involvement by artists, many engravings were not made by detached observers, but by active participants in history unfolding.","Frank Leslie (1821-1880) was another artist who began his career as an engraver in 1842 and eventually published his own newspaper, which he titled, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper. The newspaper also covered the Civil War. Leslie used a large number of illustrations in his newspaper to increase circulation. Images from Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper are well represented in Northern Virginia Images Collection, including several images from the German language edition of the newspaper.","Another popular periodical of the time was Harper's Weekly. It first appeared in 1857 and became one of the most important and influential periodicals in nineteenth century America, notably during the Civil War. Two prominent artists for Harper's Weekly during this period were Alfred Waud (1828-1891) and Thomas Nast (1840-1902). Engravings by both are included in Northern Virginia Images Collection. Waud was primarily assigned to the eastern front and covered the war from the Battle of First Manassas to the Confederacy's surrender at Appomattox Court House. Thomas Nast (who later became famous for creating the roly- poly figure in red we now know as Santa Claus) worked largely in New York for most of the war. One of the major exceptions to this was when he spent time in the Union camp during the Battle of Gettysburg. Nast's sympathies were for the Union side, which, naturally, bothered Southerners, who often sent threatening letters to Nast at the Harper's Weekly office. By and large, The Illustrated London News, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, and Harper's Weekly illustrated the Civil War from the Northern point-of-view.","Many of today's Northern Virginia residents only know the area as a population outgrowth of Washington, D.C. Despite this cosmopolitan reputation, it was largely farm country at the time of the Civil War through World War II. Few realize that the area was the frequent battleground for large contending forces. Yet, many of the areas that are depicted in the images still exist today but under much different circumstances. Some of the areas included in these images have undergone radical cultural changes as well. An Islamic Mosque now occupies Munson Hill, which Confederate forces occupied under General J.E.B. Stuart during early days of the war.","Processed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed in February 2009 by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty. EAD updated by Greta Kuriger in July 2011.","The Special Collections Research Center also holds the , the , and the WRLC digital collection . The  is available for GMU affiliated researchers.","The collection consists of nearly 200 images on various historical subjects in a variety of formats, including wood engravings, steel engravings, lithographs, chromolithographs, maps, and manuscripts. Most of the images depict battles and maps of the Civil War. The maps include the cities of Arlington and Alexandria and the counties of Fairfax, Loudoun and Prince William. Columbia Pike, Chain Bridge, Long Bridge, the Little River Turnpike, Centreville and Manassas all existed at the time of the Civil War and all of them are represented or referenced in these images.","Most of the Civil War images are from three periodicals: The Illustrated London News, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, and Harper's Weekly. They are primarily wood engravings, several of which are hand colored. Though wood engraving was invented as an illustrative technique in the 1790s, it was the later appearance of the mass illustrated newspaper that took advantage of the technique to appeal to a wide readership.","Although pictorial images comprise the majority of images in the collection, there are also numerous maps, most of which were produced by lithography. A number were produced for military purposes and employed by both the North and South alike. Maps made during the Civil War were often exceedingly accurate; their usefulness carried on into the twentieth century.","Public domain. There are no known restrictions.","The collection contains images and maps depicting Northern Virginia. A majority of the images are contemporary illustrations of the Civil War in Virginia. Formats include wood engravings, steel engravings, lithographs, chromolithographs, and a manuscript.","Map Case 11.5, 23.5-24.5","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Northern Virginia Civil War images collection, 1853/1914"],"collection_ssim":["Northern Virginia Civil War images collection, 1853/1914"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0150","/repositories/2/resources/144"],"unitid_tesim":["C0150","/repositories/2/resources/144"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia, Northern","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia, Northern -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia, Northern","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia, Northern -- History"],"places_ssim":["Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia, Northern","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia, Northern -- History"],"creator_ssm":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creator_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["Public domain. There are no known restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased by Special Collections and Archives in 1997-2005 from Prints Old and Rare."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Maps","Lithography","Chromolithography","Wood engravings","Steel engravings"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Maps","Lithography","Chromolithography","Wood engravings","Steel engravings"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["3 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Wood engravings","Steel engravings"],"date_range_isim":[1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged by locality of primary image.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged by locality of primary image."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Illustrated London News was one of the first newspapers to employ wood engravings on a wide scale. One of its artists was Frank Vizetelly (1830-1883); he covered the Civil War for British readers. Early on, he illustrated the war from the Union side but was later allowed to draw from the Confederate side. Artists like Vizetelly sometimes did more than draw, though. He acted as a messenger for Confederate General James Longstreet at the battle of Chickamauga. Vizetelly was also a staff aide for the Confederates at the battle of Fredericksburg and was present at Charleston, South Carolina, when it was besieged. Because of such personal involvement by artists, many engravings were not made by detached observers, but by active participants in history unfolding.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie (1821-1880) was another artist who began his career as an engraver in 1842 and eventually published his own newspaper, which he titled, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper. The newspaper also covered the Civil War. Leslie used a large number of illustrations in his newspaper to increase circulation. Images from Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper are well represented in Northern Virginia Images Collection, including several images from the German language edition of the newspaper.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAnother popular periodical of the time was Harper's Weekly. It first appeared in 1857 and became one of the most important and influential periodicals in nineteenth century America, notably during the Civil War. Two prominent artists for Harper's Weekly during this period were Alfred Waud (1828-1891) and Thomas Nast (1840-1902). Engravings by both are included in Northern Virginia Images Collection. Waud was primarily assigned to the eastern front and covered the war from the Battle of First Manassas to the Confederacy's surrender at Appomattox Court House. Thomas Nast (who later became famous for creating the roly- poly figure in red we now know as Santa Claus) worked largely in New York for most of the war. One of the major exceptions to this was when he spent time in the Union camp during the Battle of Gettysburg. Nast's sympathies were for the Union side, which, naturally, bothered Southerners, who often sent threatening letters to Nast at the Harper's Weekly office. By and large, The Illustrated London News, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, and Harper's Weekly illustrated the Civil War from the Northern point-of-view.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMany of today's Northern Virginia residents only know the area as a population outgrowth of Washington, D.C. Despite this cosmopolitan reputation, it was largely farm country at the time of the Civil War through World War II. Few realize that the area was the frequent battleground for large contending forces. Yet, many of the areas that are depicted in the images still exist today but under much different circumstances. Some of the areas included in these images have undergone radical cultural changes as well. An Islamic Mosque now occupies Munson Hill, which Confederate forces occupied under General J.E.B. Stuart during early days of the war.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Illustrated London News was one of the first newspapers to employ wood engravings on a wide scale. One of its artists was Frank Vizetelly (1830-1883); he covered the Civil War for British readers. Early on, he illustrated the war from the Union side but was later allowed to draw from the Confederate side. Artists like Vizetelly sometimes did more than draw, though. He acted as a messenger for Confederate General James Longstreet at the battle of Chickamauga. Vizetelly was also a staff aide for the Confederates at the battle of Fredericksburg and was present at Charleston, South Carolina, when it was besieged. Because of such personal involvement by artists, many engravings were not made by detached observers, but by active participants in history unfolding.","Frank Leslie (1821-1880) was another artist who began his career as an engraver in 1842 and eventually published his own newspaper, which he titled, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper. The newspaper also covered the Civil War. Leslie used a large number of illustrations in his newspaper to increase circulation. Images from Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper are well represented in Northern Virginia Images Collection, including several images from the German language edition of the newspaper.","Another popular periodical of the time was Harper's Weekly. It first appeared in 1857 and became one of the most important and influential periodicals in nineteenth century America, notably during the Civil War. Two prominent artists for Harper's Weekly during this period were Alfred Waud (1828-1891) and Thomas Nast (1840-1902). Engravings by both are included in Northern Virginia Images Collection. Waud was primarily assigned to the eastern front and covered the war from the Battle of First Manassas to the Confederacy's surrender at Appomattox Court House. Thomas Nast (who later became famous for creating the roly- poly figure in red we now know as Santa Claus) worked largely in New York for most of the war. One of the major exceptions to this was when he spent time in the Union camp during the Battle of Gettysburg. Nast's sympathies were for the Union side, which, naturally, bothered Southerners, who often sent threatening letters to Nast at the Harper's Weekly office. By and large, The Illustrated London News, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, and Harper's Weekly illustrated the Civil War from the Northern point-of-view.","Many of today's Northern Virginia residents only know the area as a population outgrowth of Washington, D.C. Despite this cosmopolitan reputation, it was largely farm country at the time of the Civil War through World War II. Few realize that the area was the frequent battleground for large contending forces. Yet, many of the areas that are depicted in the images still exist today but under much different circumstances. Some of the areas included in these images have undergone radical cultural changes as well. An Islamic Mosque now occupies Munson Hill, which Confederate forces occupied under General J.E.B. Stuart during early days of the war."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNorthern Virginia Civil War images collection, C0150, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Northern Virginia Civil War images collection, C0150, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed in February 2009 by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty. EAD updated by Greta Kuriger in July 2011.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed in February 2009 by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty. EAD updated by Greta Kuriger in July 2011."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center also holds the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Alexander Haight family collection\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0159\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Milton Barnes papers\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0065\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, and the WRLC digital collection \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Virginia Civil War Archive\" href=\"http://www.aladin.wrlc.org/gsdl/collect/vacw/vacw.shtml\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e. The \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"digital version of Harper's Weekly\" href=\"http://app.harpweek.com/\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e is available for GMU affiliated researchers.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center also holds the , the , and the WRLC digital collection . The  is available for GMU affiliated researchers."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of nearly 200 images on various historical subjects in a variety of formats, including wood engravings, steel engravings, lithographs, chromolithographs, maps, and manuscripts. Most of the images depict battles and maps of the Civil War. The maps include the cities of Arlington and Alexandria and the counties of Fairfax, Loudoun and Prince William. Columbia Pike, Chain Bridge, Long Bridge, the Little River Turnpike, Centreville and Manassas all existed at the time of the Civil War and all of them are represented or referenced in these images. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMost of the Civil War images are from three periodicals: The Illustrated London News, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, and Harper's Weekly. They are primarily wood engravings, several of which are hand colored. Though wood engraving was invented as an illustrative technique in the 1790s, it was the later appearance of the mass illustrated newspaper that took advantage of the technique to appeal to a wide readership.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlthough pictorial images comprise the majority of images in the collection, there are also numerous maps, most of which were produced by lithography. A number were produced for military purposes and employed by both the North and South alike. Maps made during the Civil War were often exceedingly accurate; their usefulness carried on into the twentieth century.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of nearly 200 images on various historical subjects in a variety of formats, including wood engravings, steel engravings, lithographs, chromolithographs, maps, and manuscripts. Most of the images depict battles and maps of the Civil War. The maps include the cities of Arlington and Alexandria and the counties of Fairfax, Loudoun and Prince William. Columbia Pike, Chain Bridge, Long Bridge, the Little River Turnpike, Centreville and Manassas all existed at the time of the Civil War and all of them are represented or referenced in these images.","Most of the Civil War images are from three periodicals: The Illustrated London News, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, and Harper's Weekly. They are primarily wood engravings, several of which are hand colored. Though wood engraving was invented as an illustrative technique in the 1790s, it was the later appearance of the mass illustrated newspaper that took advantage of the technique to appeal to a wide readership.","Although pictorial images comprise the majority of images in the collection, there are also numerous maps, most of which were produced by lithography. A number were produced for military purposes and employed by both the North and South alike. Maps made during the Civil War were often exceedingly accurate; their usefulness carried on into the twentieth century."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePublic domain. There are no known restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Public domain. There are no known restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_dbd7a4df24b2682fee1bc6ec071e507a\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection contains images and maps depicting Northern Virginia. A majority of the images are contemporary illustrations of the Civil War in Virginia. Formats include wood engravings, steel engravings, lithographs, chromolithographs, and a manuscript.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The collection contains images and maps depicting Northern Virginia. A majority of the images are contemporary illustrations of the Civil War in Virginia. Formats include wood engravings, steel engravings, lithographs, chromolithographs, and a manuscript."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_a70d19fef0e8a7a6be4be2038580131d\"\u003eMap Case 11.5, 23.5-24.5\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Map Case 11.5, 23.5-24.5"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":471,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:34:21.201Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_144_c01_c26_c27"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"George Mason University","value":"George Mason University","hits":2},"links":{"remove":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1904\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Item\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1904\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Item\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Gustav 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