{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1898\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Richmond\u0026page=2","prev":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1898\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Richmond\u0026page=1","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1898\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Richmond\u0026page=2"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":2,"next_page":null,"prev_page":1,"total_pages":2,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":10,"total_count":15,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"viur_repositories_4_resources_150","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Perry Northern Jester Collection, 1870/1963","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viur_repositories_4_resources_150#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This collection contains documents and scrapbooks concerning Perry Northern Jester's time working in the United States Foreign Service between 1928 and 1963.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viur_repositories_4_resources_150#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viur_repositories_4_resources_150","ead_ssi":"viur_repositories_4_resources_150","_root_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_150","_nest_parent_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_150","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/RICH/repositories_4_resources_150.xml","title_ssm":["Perry Northern Jester Collection"],"title_tesim":["Perry Northern Jester Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1870-1963"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1870-1963"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1870/1963"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Perry Northern Jester Collection, 1870/1963"],"text":["Perry Northern Jester Collection, 1870/1963","MS-60","/repositories/4/resources/150","Hong Kong (China)","Barbados","Panama","China","Nigeria","Sri Lanka","Scrapbooks","Diplomatic and consular service United States","There are no restrictions on accessing material in this collection. Researchers should note the content warnings on several of the scrapbooks.","The collection is arranged in a single series by content/subject.","Born 20 January 1902 – died July 1982.","According to a 1908 article in the Atlanta, Ga., The Golden Age (24 December 1908), Perry Northern Jester was named in honor of his mother's family and former Georgia governor William J. Northern. Perry Northern Jester's parents were John Roberts Jester (1875-1965), former secretary of the Georgia Baptist Education Board and later President of Baptist College of Oklahoma, and Annie Allen Perry Jester (1878-1970), daughter of noted pastor Dr. J.W. Perry of Winder, Georgia. Noted in the University of Richmond (UR) yearbook as being from Winston-Salem, North Carolina, Perry Northern Jester attended the University of Richmond for his first three years of college working towards a Bachelor of Science degree between 1921 and 1924. During his time at UR, he participated in numerous student organizations, including Tri Phi, YMCA, Glee Club \u0026 the College Quartet, and the Globe Trotters.  After his junior year, Jester transferred to the University of Virginia where he graduated.","Newspaper articles from the time offer conflicting information about Jester's education. Note that a 1928 article in the Washington, D.C. Evening Star (13 May 1928) reports that \"Perry Northern Jester came to Washington from Bailey Military Institute in Greenwood, Ga., and studied law in the George Washington University and then entered the foreign service. He will go to Hongkong, China.\" A 1935 article in the Accomac, Va. Peninsula Enterprise (19 January 1935) reported that \"Jester, 32, University of Richmond graduate, was promoted by the President from an unclassified grade to grade eight. He is now vice-consul in [b]arbados, British West Indies. He began his service in Hong Kong.\" Additional records indicate he was married to Olive Willie Webster (b. 12 June 1889) who died on 13 July 1963 in Charlottesville, Virginia, and on 18 August 1964, he married Edith Maude Brundrett Hyder (1900-1995) in Williamsburg, Virginia.","Jester worked in the diplomatic corps of the United States for most of his career. After completing foreign service school in 1927, he was assigned as vice consul in Hong Kong (1928-1931). As noted in the Richmond News Leader (6 March 1951), \"Consul-General Perry N. Jester, formerly of this city, and Mrs. Jester are living in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, where he has taken over duties as head of the United States Consulate. Mr. Jester, who attended the University of Richmond, has served in consulates in Central America, Hong Kong, Barbados, England, Nigeria, Ceylon, and Dakar.\"  An alumni note under Class of 1924 in the UR Alumni Magazine (Spring 1952) indicated that \"Perry N. Jester took charge as Consul General in Hamilton, Canada, in February 1951, and reports that the best feature of his position is being near the United States.\"","As determined by general records and Jester's notes, his diplomatic service was as follows: \n\n1928-1931?, Vice Consul, Hong Kong\n1934-1936, Vice Consul then Consul, Barbados \n1937-1939?, Consul, Southampton, England \n1940-1942, Consul, Lagos, Nigeria\n1942-1947, Washington D.C., including Acting Chief of Foreign Service Training (1946)\n1947-1949, Consul, Colombo, Ceylon/Sri Lanka\n1949-1950, Consul, Dakar, Senegal\n1951-1953, Consul, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada\n1953-1955, Consul, Barbados\n1955-1963, Bonnie Highlands (residence), Charlottesville, VA \nEither 1961 or 1963, retired from Foreign Service","This collection is a series of scrapbooks documenting the diplomatic service of Perry Northern Jester between 1928 and 1963. The scrapbooks include both personal and more formal, work-related materials, often capturing the scenery, local populations, landscapes, and special events. Please be aware of the specific content warnings noted below for some scrapbook content in Box 3 and Box 4.","Copyright restrictions may apply.  Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright.  Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.","This collection contains documents and scrapbooks concerning Perry Northern Jester's time working in the United States Foreign Service between 1928 and 1963.","University of Richmond","Perry Northern Jester","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Perry Northern Jester Collection, 1870/1963"],"collection_ssim":["Perry Northern Jester Collection, 1870/1963"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS-60","/repositories/4/resources/150"],"unitid_tesim":["MS-60","/repositories/4/resources/150"],"repository_ssm":["University of Richmond"],"repository_ssim":["University of Richmond"],"geogname_ssm":["Hong Kong (China)","Barbados","Panama","China","Nigeria","Sri Lanka"],"geogname_ssim":["Hong Kong (China)","Barbados","Panama","China","Nigeria","Sri Lanka"],"places_ssim":["Hong Kong (China)","Barbados","Panama","China","Nigeria","Sri Lanka"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Perry Northern Jester"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["University of Richmond"],"creators_ssim":["Perry Northern Jester","University of Richmond"],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright restrictions may apply.  Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright.  Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Collection donated by a family member."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Scrapbooks","Diplomatic and consular service United States"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Scrapbooks","Diplomatic and consular service United States"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["7 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["7 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions on accessing material in this collection. Researchers should note the content warnings on several of the scrapbooks.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions on accessing material in this collection. Researchers should note the content warnings on several of the scrapbooks."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in a single series by content/subject.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in a single series by content/subject."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBorn 20 January 1902 – died July 1982. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccording to a 1908 article in the Atlanta, Ga., The Golden Age (24 December 1908), \u003cpersname\u003ePerry Northern Jester\u003c/persname\u003e was named in honor of his mother's family and former Georgia governor William J. Northern. Perry Northern Jester's parents were John Roberts Jester (1875-1965), former secretary of the Georgia Baptist Education Board and later President of Baptist College of Oklahoma, and Annie Allen Perry Jester (1878-1970), daughter of noted pastor Dr. J.W. Perry of Winder, Georgia. Noted in the University of Richmond (UR) yearbook as being from \u003cgeogname\u003eWinston-Salem, North Carolina\u003c/geogname\u003e, Perry Northern Jester attended the University of Richmond for his first three years of college working towards a Bachelor of Science degree between 1921 and 1924. During his time at UR, he participated in numerous student organizations, including Tri Phi, YMCA, Glee Club \u0026amp; the College Quartet, and the Globe Trotters.  After his junior year, Jester transferred to the University of Virginia where he graduated.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNewspaper articles from the time offer conflicting information about Jester's education. Note that a 1928 article in the Washington, D.C. Evening Star (13 May 1928) reports that \"Perry Northern Jester came to Washington from Bailey Military Institute in Greenwood, Ga., and studied law in the George Washington University and then entered the foreign service. He will go to Hongkong, China.\" A 1935 article in the Accomac, Va. Peninsula Enterprise (19 January 1935) reported that \"Jester, 32, University of Richmond graduate, was promoted by the President from an unclassified grade to grade eight. He is now vice-consul in [b]arbados, British West Indies. He began his service in Hong Kong.\" Additional records indicate he was married to Olive Willie Webster (b. 12 June 1889) who died on 13 July 1963 in Charlottesville, Virginia, and on 18 August 1964, he married Edith Maude Brundrett Hyder (1900-1995) in Williamsburg, Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJester worked in the diplomatic corps of the United States for most of his career. After completing foreign service school in 1927, he was assigned as \u003coccupation\u003evice consul\u003c/occupation\u003e in Hong Kong (1928-1931). As noted in the Richmond News Leader (6 March 1951), \"Consul-General Perry N. Jester, formerly of this city, and Mrs. Jester are living in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, where he has taken over duties as head of the United States Consulate. Mr. Jester, who attended the University of Richmond, has served in consulates in Central America, Hong Kong, Barbados, England, Nigeria, Ceylon, and Dakar.\"  An alumni note under Class of 1924 in the UR Alumni Magazine (Spring 1952) indicated that \"Perry N. Jester took charge as Consul General in Hamilton, Canada, in February 1951, and reports that the best feature of his position is being near the United States.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAs determined by general records and Jester's notes, his diplomatic service was as follows: \n\u003clist\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e1928-1931?, Vice Consul, \u003cgeogname\u003eHong Kong\u003c/geogname\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e1934-1936, Vice Consul then Consul, \u003cgeogname\u003eBarbados\u003c/geogname\u003e\u003c/item\u003e \n\u003citem\u003e1937-1939?, Consul, \u003cgeogname\u003eSouthampton, England \u003c/geogname\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e1940-1942, Consul, \u003cgeogname\u003eLagos, Nigeria\u003c/geogname\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e1942-1947, \u003cgeogname\u003eWashington D.C.\u003c/geogname\u003e, including Acting Chief of Foreign Service Training (1946)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e1947-1949, Consul, Colombo, Ceylon/Sri Lanka\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e1949-1950, Consul, Dakar, Senegal\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e1951-1953, Consul, \u003cgeogname\u003eHamilton, Ontario, Canada\u003c/geogname\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e1953-1955, Consul, \u003cgeogname\u003eBarbados\u003c/geogname\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e1955-1963, Bonnie Highlands (residence), \u003cgeogname\u003eCharlottesville, VA\u003c/geogname\u003e \u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eEither 1961 or 1963, retired from Foreign Service \u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Born 20 January 1902 – died July 1982.","According to a 1908 article in the Atlanta, Ga., The Golden Age (24 December 1908), Perry Northern Jester was named in honor of his mother's family and former Georgia governor William J. Northern. Perry Northern Jester's parents were John Roberts Jester (1875-1965), former secretary of the Georgia Baptist Education Board and later President of Baptist College of Oklahoma, and Annie Allen Perry Jester (1878-1970), daughter of noted pastor Dr. J.W. Perry of Winder, Georgia. Noted in the University of Richmond (UR) yearbook as being from Winston-Salem, North Carolina, Perry Northern Jester attended the University of Richmond for his first three years of college working towards a Bachelor of Science degree between 1921 and 1924. During his time at UR, he participated in numerous student organizations, including Tri Phi, YMCA, Glee Club \u0026 the College Quartet, and the Globe Trotters.  After his junior year, Jester transferred to the University of Virginia where he graduated.","Newspaper articles from the time offer conflicting information about Jester's education. Note that a 1928 article in the Washington, D.C. Evening Star (13 May 1928) reports that \"Perry Northern Jester came to Washington from Bailey Military Institute in Greenwood, Ga., and studied law in the George Washington University and then entered the foreign service. He will go to Hongkong, China.\" A 1935 article in the Accomac, Va. Peninsula Enterprise (19 January 1935) reported that \"Jester, 32, University of Richmond graduate, was promoted by the President from an unclassified grade to grade eight. He is now vice-consul in [b]arbados, British West Indies. He began his service in Hong Kong.\" Additional records indicate he was married to Olive Willie Webster (b. 12 June 1889) who died on 13 July 1963 in Charlottesville, Virginia, and on 18 August 1964, he married Edith Maude Brundrett Hyder (1900-1995) in Williamsburg, Virginia.","Jester worked in the diplomatic corps of the United States for most of his career. After completing foreign service school in 1927, he was assigned as vice consul in Hong Kong (1928-1931). As noted in the Richmond News Leader (6 March 1951), \"Consul-General Perry N. Jester, formerly of this city, and Mrs. Jester are living in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, where he has taken over duties as head of the United States Consulate. Mr. Jester, who attended the University of Richmond, has served in consulates in Central America, Hong Kong, Barbados, England, Nigeria, Ceylon, and Dakar.\"  An alumni note under Class of 1924 in the UR Alumni Magazine (Spring 1952) indicated that \"Perry N. Jester took charge as Consul General in Hamilton, Canada, in February 1951, and reports that the best feature of his position is being near the United States.\"","As determined by general records and Jester's notes, his diplomatic service was as follows: \n\n1928-1931?, Vice Consul, Hong Kong\n1934-1936, Vice Consul then Consul, Barbados \n1937-1939?, Consul, Southampton, England \n1940-1942, Consul, Lagos, Nigeria\n1942-1947, Washington D.C., including Acting Chief of Foreign Service Training (1946)\n1947-1949, Consul, Colombo, Ceylon/Sri Lanka\n1949-1950, Consul, Dakar, Senegal\n1951-1953, Consul, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada\n1953-1955, Consul, Barbados\n1955-1963, Bonnie Highlands (residence), Charlottesville, VA \nEither 1961 or 1963, retired from Foreign Service"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Box Number], MS-60, Perry N. Jester Collection, Book Arts, Archives, \u0026amp; Rare Books, Boatwright Memorial Library, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Box Number], MS-60, Perry N. Jester Collection, Book Arts, Archives, \u0026 Rare Books, Boatwright Memorial Library, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is a series of scrapbooks documenting the diplomatic service of Perry Northern Jester between 1928 and 1963. The scrapbooks include both personal and more formal, work-related materials, often capturing the scenery, local populations, landscapes, and special events. Please be aware of the specific content warnings noted below for some scrapbook content in Box 3 and Box 4.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection is a series of scrapbooks documenting the diplomatic service of Perry Northern Jester between 1928 and 1963. The scrapbooks include both personal and more formal, work-related materials, often capturing the scenery, local populations, landscapes, and special events. Please be aware of the specific content warnings noted below for some scrapbook content in Box 3 and Box 4."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright restrictions may apply.  Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright.  Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright restrictions may apply.  Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright.  Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e21e11a8fc399902c95969e3b5df5f49\"\u003eThis collection contains documents and scrapbooks concerning Perry Northern Jester's time working in the United States Foreign Service between 1928 and 1963.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains documents and scrapbooks concerning Perry Northern Jester's time working in the United States Foreign Service between 1928 and 1963."],"corpname_ssim":["University of Richmond"],"persname_ssim":["Perry Northern Jester"],"names_ssim":["University of Richmond","Perry Northern Jester"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":13,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:47:27.798Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viur_repositories_4_resources_150","ead_ssi":"viur_repositories_4_resources_150","_root_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_150","_nest_parent_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_150","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/RICH/repositories_4_resources_150.xml","title_ssm":["Perry Northern Jester Collection"],"title_tesim":["Perry Northern Jester Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1870-1963"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1870-1963"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1870/1963"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Perry Northern Jester Collection, 1870/1963"],"text":["Perry Northern Jester Collection, 1870/1963","MS-60","/repositories/4/resources/150","Hong Kong (China)","Barbados","Panama","China","Nigeria","Sri Lanka","Scrapbooks","Diplomatic and consular service United States","There are no restrictions on accessing material in this collection. Researchers should note the content warnings on several of the scrapbooks.","The collection is arranged in a single series by content/subject.","Born 20 January 1902 – died July 1982.","According to a 1908 article in the Atlanta, Ga., The Golden Age (24 December 1908), Perry Northern Jester was named in honor of his mother's family and former Georgia governor William J. Northern. Perry Northern Jester's parents were John Roberts Jester (1875-1965), former secretary of the Georgia Baptist Education Board and later President of Baptist College of Oklahoma, and Annie Allen Perry Jester (1878-1970), daughter of noted pastor Dr. J.W. Perry of Winder, Georgia. Noted in the University of Richmond (UR) yearbook as being from Winston-Salem, North Carolina, Perry Northern Jester attended the University of Richmond for his first three years of college working towards a Bachelor of Science degree between 1921 and 1924. During his time at UR, he participated in numerous student organizations, including Tri Phi, YMCA, Glee Club \u0026 the College Quartet, and the Globe Trotters.  After his junior year, Jester transferred to the University of Virginia where he graduated.","Newspaper articles from the time offer conflicting information about Jester's education. Note that a 1928 article in the Washington, D.C. Evening Star (13 May 1928) reports that \"Perry Northern Jester came to Washington from Bailey Military Institute in Greenwood, Ga., and studied law in the George Washington University and then entered the foreign service. He will go to Hongkong, China.\" A 1935 article in the Accomac, Va. Peninsula Enterprise (19 January 1935) reported that \"Jester, 32, University of Richmond graduate, was promoted by the President from an unclassified grade to grade eight. He is now vice-consul in [b]arbados, British West Indies. He began his service in Hong Kong.\" Additional records indicate he was married to Olive Willie Webster (b. 12 June 1889) who died on 13 July 1963 in Charlottesville, Virginia, and on 18 August 1964, he married Edith Maude Brundrett Hyder (1900-1995) in Williamsburg, Virginia.","Jester worked in the diplomatic corps of the United States for most of his career. After completing foreign service school in 1927, he was assigned as vice consul in Hong Kong (1928-1931). As noted in the Richmond News Leader (6 March 1951), \"Consul-General Perry N. Jester, formerly of this city, and Mrs. Jester are living in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, where he has taken over duties as head of the United States Consulate. Mr. Jester, who attended the University of Richmond, has served in consulates in Central America, Hong Kong, Barbados, England, Nigeria, Ceylon, and Dakar.\"  An alumni note under Class of 1924 in the UR Alumni Magazine (Spring 1952) indicated that \"Perry N. Jester took charge as Consul General in Hamilton, Canada, in February 1951, and reports that the best feature of his position is being near the United States.\"","As determined by general records and Jester's notes, his diplomatic service was as follows: \n\n1928-1931?, Vice Consul, Hong Kong\n1934-1936, Vice Consul then Consul, Barbados \n1937-1939?, Consul, Southampton, England \n1940-1942, Consul, Lagos, Nigeria\n1942-1947, Washington D.C., including Acting Chief of Foreign Service Training (1946)\n1947-1949, Consul, Colombo, Ceylon/Sri Lanka\n1949-1950, Consul, Dakar, Senegal\n1951-1953, Consul, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada\n1953-1955, Consul, Barbados\n1955-1963, Bonnie Highlands (residence), Charlottesville, VA \nEither 1961 or 1963, retired from Foreign Service","This collection is a series of scrapbooks documenting the diplomatic service of Perry Northern Jester between 1928 and 1963. The scrapbooks include both personal and more formal, work-related materials, often capturing the scenery, local populations, landscapes, and special events. Please be aware of the specific content warnings noted below for some scrapbook content in Box 3 and Box 4.","Copyright restrictions may apply.  Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright.  Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.","This collection contains documents and scrapbooks concerning Perry Northern Jester's time working in the United States Foreign Service between 1928 and 1963.","University of Richmond","Perry Northern Jester","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Perry Northern Jester Collection, 1870/1963"],"collection_ssim":["Perry Northern Jester Collection, 1870/1963"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS-60","/repositories/4/resources/150"],"unitid_tesim":["MS-60","/repositories/4/resources/150"],"repository_ssm":["University of Richmond"],"repository_ssim":["University of Richmond"],"geogname_ssm":["Hong Kong (China)","Barbados","Panama","China","Nigeria","Sri Lanka"],"geogname_ssim":["Hong Kong (China)","Barbados","Panama","China","Nigeria","Sri Lanka"],"places_ssim":["Hong Kong (China)","Barbados","Panama","China","Nigeria","Sri Lanka"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Perry Northern Jester"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["University of Richmond"],"creators_ssim":["Perry Northern Jester","University of Richmond"],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright restrictions may apply.  Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright.  Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Collection donated by a family member."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Scrapbooks","Diplomatic and consular service United States"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Scrapbooks","Diplomatic and consular service United States"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["7 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["7 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions on accessing material in this collection. Researchers should note the content warnings on several of the scrapbooks.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions on accessing material in this collection. Researchers should note the content warnings on several of the scrapbooks."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in a single series by content/subject.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in a single series by content/subject."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBorn 20 January 1902 – died July 1982. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccording to a 1908 article in the Atlanta, Ga., The Golden Age (24 December 1908), \u003cpersname\u003ePerry Northern Jester\u003c/persname\u003e was named in honor of his mother's family and former Georgia governor William J. Northern. Perry Northern Jester's parents were John Roberts Jester (1875-1965), former secretary of the Georgia Baptist Education Board and later President of Baptist College of Oklahoma, and Annie Allen Perry Jester (1878-1970), daughter of noted pastor Dr. J.W. Perry of Winder, Georgia. Noted in the University of Richmond (UR) yearbook as being from \u003cgeogname\u003eWinston-Salem, North Carolina\u003c/geogname\u003e, Perry Northern Jester attended the University of Richmond for his first three years of college working towards a Bachelor of Science degree between 1921 and 1924. During his time at UR, he participated in numerous student organizations, including Tri Phi, YMCA, Glee Club \u0026amp; the College Quartet, and the Globe Trotters.  After his junior year, Jester transferred to the University of Virginia where he graduated.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNewspaper articles from the time offer conflicting information about Jester's education. Note that a 1928 article in the Washington, D.C. Evening Star (13 May 1928) reports that \"Perry Northern Jester came to Washington from Bailey Military Institute in Greenwood, Ga., and studied law in the George Washington University and then entered the foreign service. He will go to Hongkong, China.\" A 1935 article in the Accomac, Va. Peninsula Enterprise (19 January 1935) reported that \"Jester, 32, University of Richmond graduate, was promoted by the President from an unclassified grade to grade eight. He is now vice-consul in [b]arbados, British West Indies. He began his service in Hong Kong.\" Additional records indicate he was married to Olive Willie Webster (b. 12 June 1889) who died on 13 July 1963 in Charlottesville, Virginia, and on 18 August 1964, he married Edith Maude Brundrett Hyder (1900-1995) in Williamsburg, Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJester worked in the diplomatic corps of the United States for most of his career. After completing foreign service school in 1927, he was assigned as \u003coccupation\u003evice consul\u003c/occupation\u003e in Hong Kong (1928-1931). As noted in the Richmond News Leader (6 March 1951), \"Consul-General Perry N. Jester, formerly of this city, and Mrs. Jester are living in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, where he has taken over duties as head of the United States Consulate. Mr. Jester, who attended the University of Richmond, has served in consulates in Central America, Hong Kong, Barbados, England, Nigeria, Ceylon, and Dakar.\"  An alumni note under Class of 1924 in the UR Alumni Magazine (Spring 1952) indicated that \"Perry N. Jester took charge as Consul General in Hamilton, Canada, in February 1951, and reports that the best feature of his position is being near the United States.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAs determined by general records and Jester's notes, his diplomatic service was as follows: \n\u003clist\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e1928-1931?, Vice Consul, \u003cgeogname\u003eHong Kong\u003c/geogname\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e1934-1936, Vice Consul then Consul, \u003cgeogname\u003eBarbados\u003c/geogname\u003e\u003c/item\u003e \n\u003citem\u003e1937-1939?, Consul, \u003cgeogname\u003eSouthampton, England \u003c/geogname\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e1940-1942, Consul, \u003cgeogname\u003eLagos, Nigeria\u003c/geogname\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e1942-1947, \u003cgeogname\u003eWashington D.C.\u003c/geogname\u003e, including Acting Chief of Foreign Service Training (1946)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e1947-1949, Consul, Colombo, Ceylon/Sri Lanka\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e1949-1950, Consul, Dakar, Senegal\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e1951-1953, Consul, \u003cgeogname\u003eHamilton, Ontario, Canada\u003c/geogname\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e1953-1955, Consul, \u003cgeogname\u003eBarbados\u003c/geogname\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e1955-1963, Bonnie Highlands (residence), \u003cgeogname\u003eCharlottesville, VA\u003c/geogname\u003e \u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eEither 1961 or 1963, retired from Foreign Service \u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Born 20 January 1902 – died July 1982.","According to a 1908 article in the Atlanta, Ga., The Golden Age (24 December 1908), Perry Northern Jester was named in honor of his mother's family and former Georgia governor William J. Northern. Perry Northern Jester's parents were John Roberts Jester (1875-1965), former secretary of the Georgia Baptist Education Board and later President of Baptist College of Oklahoma, and Annie Allen Perry Jester (1878-1970), daughter of noted pastor Dr. J.W. Perry of Winder, Georgia. Noted in the University of Richmond (UR) yearbook as being from Winston-Salem, North Carolina, Perry Northern Jester attended the University of Richmond for his first three years of college working towards a Bachelor of Science degree between 1921 and 1924. During his time at UR, he participated in numerous student organizations, including Tri Phi, YMCA, Glee Club \u0026 the College Quartet, and the Globe Trotters.  After his junior year, Jester transferred to the University of Virginia where he graduated.","Newspaper articles from the time offer conflicting information about Jester's education. Note that a 1928 article in the Washington, D.C. Evening Star (13 May 1928) reports that \"Perry Northern Jester came to Washington from Bailey Military Institute in Greenwood, Ga., and studied law in the George Washington University and then entered the foreign service. He will go to Hongkong, China.\" A 1935 article in the Accomac, Va. Peninsula Enterprise (19 January 1935) reported that \"Jester, 32, University of Richmond graduate, was promoted by the President from an unclassified grade to grade eight. He is now vice-consul in [b]arbados, British West Indies. He began his service in Hong Kong.\" Additional records indicate he was married to Olive Willie Webster (b. 12 June 1889) who died on 13 July 1963 in Charlottesville, Virginia, and on 18 August 1964, he married Edith Maude Brundrett Hyder (1900-1995) in Williamsburg, Virginia.","Jester worked in the diplomatic corps of the United States for most of his career. After completing foreign service school in 1927, he was assigned as vice consul in Hong Kong (1928-1931). As noted in the Richmond News Leader (6 March 1951), \"Consul-General Perry N. Jester, formerly of this city, and Mrs. Jester are living in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, where he has taken over duties as head of the United States Consulate. Mr. Jester, who attended the University of Richmond, has served in consulates in Central America, Hong Kong, Barbados, England, Nigeria, Ceylon, and Dakar.\"  An alumni note under Class of 1924 in the UR Alumni Magazine (Spring 1952) indicated that \"Perry N. Jester took charge as Consul General in Hamilton, Canada, in February 1951, and reports that the best feature of his position is being near the United States.\"","As determined by general records and Jester's notes, his diplomatic service was as follows: \n\n1928-1931?, Vice Consul, Hong Kong\n1934-1936, Vice Consul then Consul, Barbados \n1937-1939?, Consul, Southampton, England \n1940-1942, Consul, Lagos, Nigeria\n1942-1947, Washington D.C., including Acting Chief of Foreign Service Training (1946)\n1947-1949, Consul, Colombo, Ceylon/Sri Lanka\n1949-1950, Consul, Dakar, Senegal\n1951-1953, Consul, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada\n1953-1955, Consul, Barbados\n1955-1963, Bonnie Highlands (residence), Charlottesville, VA \nEither 1961 or 1963, retired from Foreign Service"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Box Number], MS-60, Perry N. Jester Collection, Book Arts, Archives, \u0026amp; Rare Books, Boatwright Memorial Library, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Box Number], MS-60, Perry N. Jester Collection, Book Arts, Archives, \u0026 Rare Books, Boatwright Memorial Library, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is a series of scrapbooks documenting the diplomatic service of Perry Northern Jester between 1928 and 1963. The scrapbooks include both personal and more formal, work-related materials, often capturing the scenery, local populations, landscapes, and special events. Please be aware of the specific content warnings noted below for some scrapbook content in Box 3 and Box 4.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection is a series of scrapbooks documenting the diplomatic service of Perry Northern Jester between 1928 and 1963. The scrapbooks include both personal and more formal, work-related materials, often capturing the scenery, local populations, landscapes, and special events. Please be aware of the specific content warnings noted below for some scrapbook content in Box 3 and Box 4."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright restrictions may apply.  Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright.  Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright restrictions may apply.  Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright.  Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e21e11a8fc399902c95969e3b5df5f49\"\u003eThis collection contains documents and scrapbooks concerning Perry Northern Jester's time working in the United States Foreign Service between 1928 and 1963.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains documents and scrapbooks concerning Perry Northern Jester's time working in the United States Foreign Service between 1928 and 1963."],"corpname_ssim":["University of Richmond"],"persname_ssim":["Perry Northern Jester"],"names_ssim":["University of Richmond","Perry Northern Jester"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":13,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:47:27.798Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viur_repositories_4_resources_150"}},{"id":"viur_repositories_4_resources_157","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Photojournalism Collection, 1800/1899, bulk 1870/1989","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viur_repositories_4_resources_157#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The collection documents various photographs from World War II, the Vietnam War, and the Civil Rights Era. Although there are many photographers involved in this collection, most notable are Paul Almasy, Leonard Freed, Dmitri Baltermants, and Horst Tappe. The focus of this collection is on what life looked like around the world during this period and the various hardships that were endured during wartime.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viur_repositories_4_resources_157#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viur_repositories_4_resources_157","ead_ssi":"viur_repositories_4_resources_157","_root_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_157","_nest_parent_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_157","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/RICH/repositories_4_resources_157.xml","title_ssm":["Photojournalism Collection"],"title_tesim":["Photojournalism Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["[circa 1870s]- 1989","Est. 19th Century","[circa 1800s]- 1989"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["Est. 19th Century","[circa 1800s]- 1989"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["[circa 1870s]- 1989"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1800/1899, bulk 1870/1989"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Photojournalism Collection, 1800/1899, bulk 1870/1989"],"text":["Photojournalism Collection, 1800/1899, bulk 1870/1989","MS-81","/repositories/4/resources/157","United States Army in World War II","Civil rights movements","Documentary photography","Social change","Photographers","Photographs","The content of this collection is arranged in boxes by size and each folder is arranged by photographer or related historical content.","Akg-Images London. \"The Liberation of Paris by Rene Zuber.\" Akg Images, April 19, 2024. https://akg-images.prezly.com/the-liberation-of-paris-by-rene-zuber#.","\"Briscoe Center Aquires Acclaimed Photographer John Bryson's Archive.\" Briscoe Center for American History. https://briscoecenter.org/about/news/briscoe-center-acquires-acclaimed-photographer-john-brysons-archive/ (accessed October 17, 2025).","\"Briscoe Center for American History: The University of Texas at Austin: John Bryson Archive, circa 1945-1995.\" Taro: Texas Archival Resources Online. https://txarchives.org/utcah/finding_aids/03502.xml (accessed October 17, 2025).","\"Florence Homolka (Museum Collection).\" Getty. https://www.getty.edu/art/collection/person/103KVH (accessed October 17, 2025).","\"Gordon Coster.\" Keith De Lellis Gallery. https://www.keithdelellisgallery.com/artists/gordon-coster (accessed October 17, 2025).","\"Harold Haliday Costain.\" Keith De Lellis Gallery. https://www.keithdelellisgallery.com/artists/harold-haliday-costain (accessed October 17, 2025).","\"Leonard Freed.\" Magnum Photos. https://www.magnumphotos.com/photographer/leonard-freed/ (accessed October 17, 2025).","\"Max Baur: German, 1898-1988.\" Artsy. https://www.artsy.net/artist/max-baur#:~:text=Max%20Baur%2C%20a%20native%20of,format%20and%20composed%20everything%20carefully. (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Alfred Eisenstaedt,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Eisenstaedt\u0026oldid=1311559508 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Denise Bellon,\" Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Denise_Bellon\u0026oldid=1242206314 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Dmitry Baltermants,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dmitry_Baltermants\u0026oldid=1298058067 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Gisèle Freund,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gis%C3%A8le_Freund\u0026oldid=1315066063 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Horst Tappe,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horst_Tappe\u0026oldid=1211602280 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Micha Bar-Am,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Micha_Bar-Am\u0026oldid=1306602494 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Paul Almásy,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul_Alm%C3%A1sy\u0026oldid=1307824034 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Paul Caponigro,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul_Caponigro\u0026oldid=1315979719 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Philippe Halsman,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philippe_Halsman\u0026oldid=1315892744 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Robert Doisneau,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_Doisneau\u0026oldid=1283363423 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Paul Almasy was born on 29 May 1906 in Budapest and passed away 23 September 2003 in Jouars-Pontchartrain. He was a famous, Hungarian-born Swiss photographer and journalist, well known for his portrait and documentary photography. He grew up in Budapest in a family of artists and at 17, he left Hungary to pursue a political science degree in Vienna, Munich, and Heidelberg in 1924. Although he originally planned for a diplomatic career, he was drawn to journalism and photography in the 1930s. Particularly famous for his portraits of famous artists and intellectuals such as Pablo Picasso and Albert Camus, Almasy was most recognized for his dedication to capturing people from all walks of life.","Dmitri Baltermants was born on 13 May 1912 in Warsaw and passed away 11 June 1990. He was a prominent Soviet photojournalist who was most famous for his image titled \"Grief\" which depicts a Nazi massacre of Jewish people in Kerch in 1942. Having graduated from the Moscow State University and apprenticed under Vladimir Musinov, he became an official Kremlin photographer and worked for Izvestia and Ogonyok. Most of Baltermants' work focuses on the Red Army in Russia and Ukraine during World War II.","Leonard Freed was born on 23 October 1929 in Brooklyn, NY and passed away 30 November 2006. He was an American documentary photojournalist and maintained a longtime membership of Magnum Photos. Having attended The New School and studied with Alexey Brodovitch, Freed worked as a traveling freelance photojournalist for many years. Freed completed various publications, books, films, and received the New York State Grant for the Arts in 1978 and the National Endowment for the Arts in 1980. His career went to the next level when he traveled the country with Martin Luther King Jr. during the American Civil Rights Movement.","Horst Tappe was born on 13 May 1938 in Germany and passed away 21 August 2005 in Switzerland. Tappe interned at the Hamburg School of Photography, studied at the School of Experimental Photography in Hofheim am Taunus, and studied as the School of Photography in Vevey. He was a German photographer, famous for his portraits of various creative artists, writers, scientists, and philosophers.","Micha Bar-Am, a German-born Israeli photographer, was born in 1930 in Berlin. He is a founding member of Malkia kibbutz, a founding member of the International Center of Photography, a recipient of the Israel Prize for Visual Arts, the author of various publications, and one of Israel's most senior photographers. Bar-Am has worked for Bamahane magazine, Magnum Photos, and The New York Times. His photography has played a crucial role in the shaping of Israel's cultural memory and worldwide image through his documentation of various milestones such as immigration, international affairs, the Six Day War, and many other events of public importance.","Denise Bellon was born 20 September 1902 in Paris, France and passed away on 31 October 1999 in Paris, France. She was a French photographer closely connected to the Surrealist movement and she studied psychology at the University of Paris. She worked with Pierre Boucher, was a photographer at the Alliance-Photo agency, and she was the photographer for the International Exhibitions of Surrealism in 1939, 1947, 1959, and 1965.","Alfred Eisenstaedt was born on 6 December 1898 in Dirschau, West Prussia and passes away on 23 August 1995 in Oak Bluffs, Massachusetts. He was a very successful German-born American photographer and photojournalist; he received the National Medal of Arts in 1989, The Digital Journalist chose him as the 'Photojournalist of the Century' in 1999, and Eisenstaedt was inducted into the International Photography Hall of Fame and Museum in 2020. Most notable for his cover photograph of V-J Day in Times Square, he worked for various publications such as the Associated Press office in Germany, Illustrierte Zeitung, and Life magazine. Eisenstaedt's preferred method for photography was using small 35 mm film cameras like the Leica camera to capture candid photos of people in natural light.","Paul John Jerome Caponingo was born on 7 December 1932 in Boston, Massachusetts and passed away on 10 November 2024 in Cushing, Maine. Caponingo was an American photographer, writer, and pianist, most famous for his landscape and still life photographs such as Running White Deer. He attended Boston University College of Music in 1950 and California School of Fine Arts, and he received various awards such as the Guggenheim Fellowship in 1966 and 1975, the Royal Photographic Society's Centenary Medal and Honorary Fellowship in 2001, and three grants from the NEA. Caponingo's work is held in nine permanent collections around the United States.","Harold Haliday Costain was born in 1897 and passed away in 1994. He was a famous photographer who studied at the Arts Students League in New York and served in the Navy on the U.S.S. Leviathan. Costain's specialty was color photography and printing and he specialized in advertising, architectural, and narrative forms of photography. Having received various awards from annual conventions like the Photographers Association of America, the International Exposition Salon, the Preston Scientific Society Salon, and he received three Pictorial Photographs of America trophies from 1933-1935.","Robert Doisneau was born on 14 April 1912 in Gentilly, France and passed away on 1 April 1994 in Montrouge, France. He was a French photographer who studied at Ecole Estienne in 1929 and received many awards including the Kodak Prize in 1947, the Niepce Prize in 1965, and the Balzac Prize in 1986. Doisneau's photography consisted of amusing juxtapositions, mingling of social classes, and eccentrics in contemporary Paris environments. He produced many publications and exhibitions throughout his career.","Philippe Halsman was born in May of 1906 in Riga and passed away on 25 June 1979 in New York City. Halsman was an American portrait photographer who was renowned as one of the best because of his images that were sharp and closely cropped. In September 1928, he was accused of his father's murder, sentenced to four years in prison based on circumstantial evidence but only spent two there, pardoned by the President of Austria, Wilhelm Miklas, and later, his letters from prison were published as a book in 1930 titled Briefe aus der Halt an eine Freundin. Halsman photographed many famous individuals like Albert Einstein and Constance Ford as part of his portrait photographs.","Rene Zuber was a published author, photographer, and film maker born in 1902 in France and passed away in 1979. Zuber's photography captured various parts of Paris and French civilians during the Liberation of Paris. He discovered a mode of photography called New Objectivity while he was studying at the Academy of Graphic Arts and Book Trade in Leipzig, Germany. Some of his most notable accomplishments was the founding of the Studio Zuber in 1932, his co-founding of Alliance Photo Agency, starting an advertising photography agency in Paris in 1929, and his founding of Les Films du Compas.","Florence Homolka was a successful American photographer born in 1911 and passed away in 1962. She was known for her portraits of numerous celebrities and intellectuals including Judy Garland and Charles Chaplin. Homolka, originally Florence Meyer, was constantly surrounded by prominent cultural figures and improved her career with the help of hid husband, Oscar Homolka.","Gordon Coster was an American photographer born in 1906 and passed in 1988. Coster was known for his multi-faceted and resourceful approach to his work; often, Coster would cross between various genres and such as photography documenting labor strife and photography innovative advertising. He is most well-known for his extensive projects dedicated to American life in the Midwest during World War II, the Tennessee Valley Authority Dam Project, and many more. Coster rose in fame as he worked for various publications such as Time, Fortune, Holiday, Ladies Home Journal, and Scientific American.","John Bryson was a photojournalist born in 1923 in Brownwood, Texas and passed away in 2005 in Brookings, Oregon. He served in the Army Air Force during World War II then enrolled at the University of Texas at Austin. He worked for Life magazine as a correspondent, bureau chief, and picture editor before freelancing for Life, Look, Holiday, and various other publications. Bryson is most known for his years photographing Hollywood celebrities including individuals like Frank Sinatra and even capturing Ernest Hemmingway in 1959.","Max Baur was a self-taught German photographer born in 1898 in Gunzburg, Germany and passed away in 1988. Baur called himself a \"lichtbildner\" or light picture maker instead of a photographer because he worked in a large format and was very detail oriented. He was well-known for his landscape photography but also his industrial and architectural photographs. Baur opened his first photo studio in 1928 and was admitted to the Society of German Photographers in 1934.","Gisele Freund was born 19 December 1908 in Berlin, Germany and passed away 31 March 2000 in Paris, France. She was a German-born French photographer and photojournalist who studied at University of Freiburg and University of Frankfurt Sorbonne. She is well-known for her portraits, documentary photography, various exhibitions, and many books. Freund used the Leica Camera with 35 mm rolls and used Kodachrome and Agfacolor positive film for color portraits. She received many honors including being named a Officier des Arts et Lettres in 1982 and Chevalier de la Legion d'honneur in 1983, and she came the president of the French Union of Photographers in 1977.","This collection documents the work of various photographers and photojournalists from 1935-1989. With portraits, photos of landscapes, and documentary photography, social movements are highlighted as a key aspect of life in the 1900s. This collection captures important moments in U.S. history such as World War II, the Vietnam War, and the Civil Rights Movement. In addition to U.S. history, there are various graphic materials from Japan and 19th century Italy. The photographers and photojournalists showcased in this collection are Paul Almasy, Dmitri Baltermants, Leonard Freed, Micha Bar-Am, Horst Tappe, Alfred Eisenstaedt, Denise Bellon, Paul Caponingo, Harold Costain, Robert Doisneau, Philippe Halsman, Rene Zuber, Florence Homolka, Gordon Coster, John Bryson, Max Baur, and Gisele Freund.","The collection documents various photographs from World War II, the Vietnam War, and the Civil Rights Era. Although there are many photographers involved in this collection, most notable are Paul Almasy, Leonard Freed, Dmitri Baltermants, and Horst Tappe. The focus of this collection is on what life looked like around the world during this period and the various hardships that were endured during wartime.","University of Richmond","Kusakabe Kimbei","Suzanne Zuber","Fratelli Alinari","Aldophe Braun","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Photojournalism Collection, 1800/1899, bulk 1870/1989"],"collection_ssim":["Photojournalism Collection, 1800/1899, bulk 1870/1989"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS-81","/repositories/4/resources/157"],"unitid_tesim":["MS-81","/repositories/4/resources/157"],"repository_ssm":["University of Richmond"],"repository_ssim":["University of Richmond"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Kusakabe Kimbei","Suzanne Zuber","Fratelli Alinari","Aldophe Braun"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["University of Richmond"],"creators_ssim":["Kusakabe Kimbei","Suzanne Zuber","Fratelli Alinari","Aldophe Braun","University of Richmond"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donation acquired from Isser Elishis."],"access_subjects_ssim":["United States Army in World War II","Civil rights movements","Documentary photography","Social change","Photographers","Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["United States Army in World War II","Civil rights movements","Documentary photography","Social change","Photographers","Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["? Linear Feet 5 boxes."],"extent_tesim":["? Linear Feet 5 boxes."],"genreform_ssim":["Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe content of this collection is arranged in boxes by size and each folder is arranged by photographer or related historical content.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The content of this collection is arranged in boxes by size and each folder is arranged by photographer or related historical content."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAkg-Images London. \"The Liberation of Paris by Rene Zuber.\" Akg Images, April 19, 2024. https://akg-images.prezly.com/the-liberation-of-paris-by-rene-zuber#. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Briscoe Center Aquires Acclaimed Photographer John Bryson's Archive.\" Briscoe Center for American History. https://briscoecenter.org/about/news/briscoe-center-acquires-acclaimed-photographer-john-brysons-archive/ (accessed October 17, 2025). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Briscoe Center for American History: The University of Texas at Austin: John Bryson Archive, circa 1945-1995.\" Taro: Texas Archival Resources Online. https://txarchives.org/utcah/finding_aids/03502.xml (accessed October 17, 2025). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Florence Homolka (Museum Collection).\" Getty. https://www.getty.edu/art/collection/person/103KVH (accessed October 17, 2025).  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Gordon Coster.\" Keith De Lellis Gallery. https://www.keithdelellisgallery.com/artists/gordon-coster (accessed October 17, 2025). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Harold Haliday Costain.\" Keith De Lellis Gallery. https://www.keithdelellisgallery.com/artists/harold-haliday-costain (accessed October 17, 2025). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Leonard Freed.\" Magnum Photos. https://www.magnumphotos.com/photographer/leonard-freed/ (accessed October 17, 2025). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Max Baur: German, 1898-1988.\" Artsy. https://www.artsy.net/artist/max-baur#:~:text=Max%20Baur%2C%20a%20native%20of,format%20and%20composed%20everything%20carefully. (accessed October 17, 2025). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWikipedia contributors, \"Alfred Eisenstaedt,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Eisenstaedt\u0026amp;oldid=1311559508 (accessed October 17, 2025).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWikipedia contributors, \"Denise Bellon,\" Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Denise_Bellon\u0026amp;oldid=1242206314 (accessed October 17, 2025).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWikipedia contributors, \"Dmitry Baltermants,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dmitry_Baltermants\u0026amp;oldid=1298058067 (accessed October 17, 2025).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWikipedia contributors, \"Gisèle Freund,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gis%C3%A8le_Freund\u0026amp;oldid=1315066063 (accessed October 17, 2025).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWikipedia contributors, \"Horst Tappe,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horst_Tappe\u0026amp;oldid=1211602280 (accessed October 17, 2025).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWikipedia contributors, \"Micha Bar-Am,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Micha_Bar-Am\u0026amp;oldid=1306602494 (accessed October 17, 2025).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWikipedia contributors, \"Paul Almásy,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul_Alm%C3%A1sy\u0026amp;oldid=1307824034 (accessed October 17, 2025).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWikipedia contributors, \"Paul Caponigro,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul_Caponigro\u0026amp;oldid=1315979719 (accessed October 17, 2025).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWikipedia contributors, \"Philippe Halsman,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philippe_Halsman\u0026amp;oldid=1315892744 (accessed October 17, 2025).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWikipedia contributors, \"Robert Doisneau,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_Doisneau\u0026amp;oldid=1283363423 (accessed October 17, 2025).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Akg-Images London. \"The Liberation of Paris by Rene Zuber.\" Akg Images, April 19, 2024. https://akg-images.prezly.com/the-liberation-of-paris-by-rene-zuber#.","\"Briscoe Center Aquires Acclaimed Photographer John Bryson's Archive.\" Briscoe Center for American History. https://briscoecenter.org/about/news/briscoe-center-acquires-acclaimed-photographer-john-brysons-archive/ (accessed October 17, 2025).","\"Briscoe Center for American History: The University of Texas at Austin: John Bryson Archive, circa 1945-1995.\" Taro: Texas Archival Resources Online. https://txarchives.org/utcah/finding_aids/03502.xml (accessed October 17, 2025).","\"Florence Homolka (Museum Collection).\" Getty. https://www.getty.edu/art/collection/person/103KVH (accessed October 17, 2025).","\"Gordon Coster.\" Keith De Lellis Gallery. https://www.keithdelellisgallery.com/artists/gordon-coster (accessed October 17, 2025).","\"Harold Haliday Costain.\" Keith De Lellis Gallery. https://www.keithdelellisgallery.com/artists/harold-haliday-costain (accessed October 17, 2025).","\"Leonard Freed.\" Magnum Photos. https://www.magnumphotos.com/photographer/leonard-freed/ (accessed October 17, 2025).","\"Max Baur: German, 1898-1988.\" Artsy. https://www.artsy.net/artist/max-baur#:~:text=Max%20Baur%2C%20a%20native%20of,format%20and%20composed%20everything%20carefully. (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Alfred Eisenstaedt,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Eisenstaedt\u0026oldid=1311559508 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Denise Bellon,\" Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Denise_Bellon\u0026oldid=1242206314 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Dmitry Baltermants,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dmitry_Baltermants\u0026oldid=1298058067 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Gisèle Freund,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gis%C3%A8le_Freund\u0026oldid=1315066063 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Horst Tappe,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horst_Tappe\u0026oldid=1211602280 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Micha Bar-Am,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Micha_Bar-Am\u0026oldid=1306602494 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Paul Almásy,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul_Alm%C3%A1sy\u0026oldid=1307824034 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Paul Caponigro,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul_Caponigro\u0026oldid=1315979719 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Philippe Halsman,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philippe_Halsman\u0026oldid=1315892744 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Robert Doisneau,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_Doisneau\u0026oldid=1283363423 (accessed October 17, 2025)."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePaul Almasy was born on 29 May 1906 in Budapest and passed away 23 September 2003 in Jouars-Pontchartrain. He was a famous, Hungarian-born Swiss photographer and journalist, well known for his portrait and documentary photography. He grew up in Budapest in a family of artists and at 17, he left Hungary to pursue a political science degree in Vienna, Munich, and Heidelberg in 1924. Although he originally planned for a diplomatic career, he was drawn to journalism and photography in the 1930s. Particularly famous for his portraits of famous artists and intellectuals such as Pablo Picasso and Albert Camus, Almasy was most recognized for his dedication to capturing people from all walks of life. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDmitri Baltermants was born on 13 May 1912 in Warsaw and passed away 11 June 1990. He was a prominent Soviet photojournalist who was most famous for his image titled \"Grief\" which depicts a Nazi massacre of Jewish people in Kerch in 1942. Having graduated from the Moscow State University and apprenticed under Vladimir Musinov, he became an official Kremlin photographer and worked for Izvestia and Ogonyok. Most of Baltermants' work focuses on the Red Army in Russia and Ukraine during World War II. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nLeonard Freed was born on 23 October 1929 in Brooklyn, NY and passed away 30 November 2006. He was an American documentary photojournalist and maintained a longtime membership of Magnum Photos. Having attended The New School and studied with Alexey Brodovitch, Freed worked as a traveling freelance photojournalist for many years. Freed completed various publications, books, films, and received the New York State Grant for the Arts in 1978 and the National Endowment for the Arts in 1980. His career went to the next level when he traveled the country with Martin Luther King Jr. during the American Civil Rights Movement. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHorst Tappe was born on 13 May 1938 in Germany and passed away 21 August 2005 in Switzerland. Tappe interned at the Hamburg School of Photography, studied at the School of Experimental Photography in Hofheim am Taunus, and studied as the School of Photography in Vevey. He was a German photographer, famous for his portraits of various creative artists, writers, scientists, and philosophers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMicha Bar-Am, a German-born Israeli photographer, was born in 1930 in Berlin. He is a founding member of Malkia kibbutz, a founding member of the International Center of Photography, a recipient of the Israel Prize for Visual Arts, the author of various publications, and one of Israel's most senior photographers. Bar-Am has worked for Bamahane magazine, Magnum Photos, and The New York Times. His photography has played a crucial role in the shaping of Israel's cultural memory and worldwide image through his documentation of various milestones such as immigration, international affairs, the Six Day War, and many other events of public importance. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDenise Bellon was born 20 September 1902 in Paris, France and passed away on 31 October 1999 in Paris, France. She was a French photographer closely connected to the Surrealist movement and she studied psychology at the University of Paris. She worked with Pierre Boucher, was a photographer at the Alliance-Photo agency, and she was the photographer for the International Exhibitions of Surrealism in 1939, 1947, 1959, and 1965. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlfred Eisenstaedt was born on 6 December 1898 in Dirschau, West Prussia and passes away on 23 August 1995 in Oak Bluffs, Massachusetts. He was a very successful German-born American photographer and photojournalist; he received the National Medal of Arts in 1989, The Digital Journalist chose him as the 'Photojournalist of the Century' in 1999, and Eisenstaedt was inducted into the International Photography Hall of Fame and Museum in 2020. Most notable for his cover photograph of V-J Day in Times Square, he worked for various publications such as the Associated Press office in Germany, Illustrierte Zeitung, and Life magazine. Eisenstaedt's preferred method for photography was using small 35 mm film cameras like the Leica camera to capture candid photos of people in natural light. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nPaul John Jerome Caponingo was born on 7 December 1932 in Boston, Massachusetts and passed away on 10 November 2024 in Cushing, Maine. Caponingo was an American photographer, writer, and pianist, most famous for his landscape and still life photographs such as Running White Deer. He attended Boston University College of Music in 1950 and California School of Fine Arts, and he received various awards such as the Guggenheim Fellowship in 1966 and 1975, the Royal Photographic Society's Centenary Medal and Honorary Fellowship in 2001, and three grants from the NEA. Caponingo's work is held in nine permanent collections around the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarold Haliday Costain was born in 1897 and passed away in 1994. He was a famous photographer who studied at the Arts Students League in New York and served in the Navy on the U.S.S. Leviathan. Costain's specialty was color photography and printing and he specialized in advertising, architectural, and narrative forms of photography. Having received various awards from annual conventions like the Photographers Association of America, the International Exposition Salon, the Preston Scientific Society Salon, and he received three Pictorial Photographs of America trophies from 1933-1935. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRobert Doisneau was born on 14 April 1912 in Gentilly, France and passed away on 1 April 1994 in Montrouge, France. He was a French photographer who studied at Ecole Estienne in 1929 and received many awards including the Kodak Prize in 1947, the Niepce Prize in 1965, and the Balzac Prize in 1986. Doisneau's photography consisted of amusing juxtapositions, mingling of social classes, and eccentrics in contemporary Paris environments. He produced many publications and exhibitions throughout his career. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhilippe Halsman was born in May of 1906 in Riga and passed away on 25 June 1979 in New York City. Halsman was an American portrait photographer who was renowned as one of the best because of his images that were sharp and closely cropped. In September 1928, he was accused of his father's murder, sentenced to four years in prison based on circumstantial evidence but only spent two there, pardoned by the President of Austria, Wilhelm Miklas, and later, his letters from prison were published as a book in 1930 titled Briefe aus der Halt an eine Freundin. Halsman photographed many famous individuals like Albert Einstein and Constance Ford as part of his portrait photographs. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRene Zuber was a published author, photographer, and film maker born in 1902 in France and passed away in 1979. Zuber's photography captured various parts of Paris and French civilians during the Liberation of Paris. He discovered a mode of photography called New Objectivity while he was studying at the Academy of Graphic Arts and Book Trade in Leipzig, Germany. Some of his most notable accomplishments was the founding of the Studio Zuber in 1932, his co-founding of Alliance Photo Agency, starting an advertising photography agency in Paris in 1929, and his founding of Les Films du Compas. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlorence Homolka was a successful American photographer born in 1911 and passed away in 1962. She was known for her portraits of numerous celebrities and intellectuals including Judy Garland and Charles Chaplin. Homolka, originally Florence Meyer, was constantly surrounded by prominent cultural figures and improved her career with the help of hid husband, Oscar Homolka.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGordon Coster was an American photographer born in 1906 and passed in 1988. Coster was known for his multi-faceted and resourceful approach to his work; often, Coster would cross between various genres and such as photography documenting labor strife and photography innovative advertising. He is most well-known for his extensive projects dedicated to American life in the Midwest during World War II, the Tennessee Valley Authority Dam Project, and many more. Coster rose in fame as he worked for various publications such as Time, Fortune, Holiday, Ladies Home Journal, and Scientific American.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJohn Bryson was a photojournalist born in 1923 in Brownwood, Texas and passed away in 2005 in Brookings, Oregon. He served in the Army Air Force during World War II then enrolled at the University of Texas at Austin. He worked for Life magazine as a correspondent, bureau chief, and picture editor before freelancing for Life, Look, Holiday, and various other publications. Bryson is most known for his years photographing Hollywood celebrities including individuals like Frank Sinatra and even capturing Ernest Hemmingway in 1959. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMax Baur was a self-taught German photographer born in 1898 in Gunzburg, Germany and passed away in 1988. Baur called himself a \"lichtbildner\" or light picture maker instead of a photographer because he worked in a large format and was very detail oriented. He was well-known for his landscape photography but also his industrial and architectural photographs. Baur opened his first photo studio in 1928 and was admitted to the Society of German Photographers in 1934. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGisele Freund was born 19 December 1908 in Berlin, Germany and passed away 31 March 2000 in Paris, France. She was a German-born French photographer and photojournalist who studied at University of Freiburg and University of Frankfurt Sorbonne. She is well-known for her portraits, documentary photography, various exhibitions, and many books. Freund used the Leica Camera with 35 mm rolls and used Kodachrome and Agfacolor positive film for color portraits. She received many honors including being named a Officier des Arts et Lettres in 1982 and Chevalier de la Legion d'honneur in 1983, and she came the president of the French Union of Photographers in 1977. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Paul Almasy was born on 29 May 1906 in Budapest and passed away 23 September 2003 in Jouars-Pontchartrain. He was a famous, Hungarian-born Swiss photographer and journalist, well known for his portrait and documentary photography. He grew up in Budapest in a family of artists and at 17, he left Hungary to pursue a political science degree in Vienna, Munich, and Heidelberg in 1924. Although he originally planned for a diplomatic career, he was drawn to journalism and photography in the 1930s. Particularly famous for his portraits of famous artists and intellectuals such as Pablo Picasso and Albert Camus, Almasy was most recognized for his dedication to capturing people from all walks of life.","Dmitri Baltermants was born on 13 May 1912 in Warsaw and passed away 11 June 1990. He was a prominent Soviet photojournalist who was most famous for his image titled \"Grief\" which depicts a Nazi massacre of Jewish people in Kerch in 1942. Having graduated from the Moscow State University and apprenticed under Vladimir Musinov, he became an official Kremlin photographer and worked for Izvestia and Ogonyok. Most of Baltermants' work focuses on the Red Army in Russia and Ukraine during World War II.","Leonard Freed was born on 23 October 1929 in Brooklyn, NY and passed away 30 November 2006. He was an American documentary photojournalist and maintained a longtime membership of Magnum Photos. Having attended The New School and studied with Alexey Brodovitch, Freed worked as a traveling freelance photojournalist for many years. Freed completed various publications, books, films, and received the New York State Grant for the Arts in 1978 and the National Endowment for the Arts in 1980. His career went to the next level when he traveled the country with Martin Luther King Jr. during the American Civil Rights Movement.","Horst Tappe was born on 13 May 1938 in Germany and passed away 21 August 2005 in Switzerland. Tappe interned at the Hamburg School of Photography, studied at the School of Experimental Photography in Hofheim am Taunus, and studied as the School of Photography in Vevey. He was a German photographer, famous for his portraits of various creative artists, writers, scientists, and philosophers.","Micha Bar-Am, a German-born Israeli photographer, was born in 1930 in Berlin. He is a founding member of Malkia kibbutz, a founding member of the International Center of Photography, a recipient of the Israel Prize for Visual Arts, the author of various publications, and one of Israel's most senior photographers. Bar-Am has worked for Bamahane magazine, Magnum Photos, and The New York Times. His photography has played a crucial role in the shaping of Israel's cultural memory and worldwide image through his documentation of various milestones such as immigration, international affairs, the Six Day War, and many other events of public importance.","Denise Bellon was born 20 September 1902 in Paris, France and passed away on 31 October 1999 in Paris, France. She was a French photographer closely connected to the Surrealist movement and she studied psychology at the University of Paris. She worked with Pierre Boucher, was a photographer at the Alliance-Photo agency, and she was the photographer for the International Exhibitions of Surrealism in 1939, 1947, 1959, and 1965.","Alfred Eisenstaedt was born on 6 December 1898 in Dirschau, West Prussia and passes away on 23 August 1995 in Oak Bluffs, Massachusetts. He was a very successful German-born American photographer and photojournalist; he received the National Medal of Arts in 1989, The Digital Journalist chose him as the 'Photojournalist of the Century' in 1999, and Eisenstaedt was inducted into the International Photography Hall of Fame and Museum in 2020. Most notable for his cover photograph of V-J Day in Times Square, he worked for various publications such as the Associated Press office in Germany, Illustrierte Zeitung, and Life magazine. Eisenstaedt's preferred method for photography was using small 35 mm film cameras like the Leica camera to capture candid photos of people in natural light.","Paul John Jerome Caponingo was born on 7 December 1932 in Boston, Massachusetts and passed away on 10 November 2024 in Cushing, Maine. Caponingo was an American photographer, writer, and pianist, most famous for his landscape and still life photographs such as Running White Deer. He attended Boston University College of Music in 1950 and California School of Fine Arts, and he received various awards such as the Guggenheim Fellowship in 1966 and 1975, the Royal Photographic Society's Centenary Medal and Honorary Fellowship in 2001, and three grants from the NEA. Caponingo's work is held in nine permanent collections around the United States.","Harold Haliday Costain was born in 1897 and passed away in 1994. He was a famous photographer who studied at the Arts Students League in New York and served in the Navy on the U.S.S. Leviathan. Costain's specialty was color photography and printing and he specialized in advertising, architectural, and narrative forms of photography. Having received various awards from annual conventions like the Photographers Association of America, the International Exposition Salon, the Preston Scientific Society Salon, and he received three Pictorial Photographs of America trophies from 1933-1935.","Robert Doisneau was born on 14 April 1912 in Gentilly, France and passed away on 1 April 1994 in Montrouge, France. He was a French photographer who studied at Ecole Estienne in 1929 and received many awards including the Kodak Prize in 1947, the Niepce Prize in 1965, and the Balzac Prize in 1986. Doisneau's photography consisted of amusing juxtapositions, mingling of social classes, and eccentrics in contemporary Paris environments. He produced many publications and exhibitions throughout his career.","Philippe Halsman was born in May of 1906 in Riga and passed away on 25 June 1979 in New York City. Halsman was an American portrait photographer who was renowned as one of the best because of his images that were sharp and closely cropped. In September 1928, he was accused of his father's murder, sentenced to four years in prison based on circumstantial evidence but only spent two there, pardoned by the President of Austria, Wilhelm Miklas, and later, his letters from prison were published as a book in 1930 titled Briefe aus der Halt an eine Freundin. Halsman photographed many famous individuals like Albert Einstein and Constance Ford as part of his portrait photographs.","Rene Zuber was a published author, photographer, and film maker born in 1902 in France and passed away in 1979. Zuber's photography captured various parts of Paris and French civilians during the Liberation of Paris. He discovered a mode of photography called New Objectivity while he was studying at the Academy of Graphic Arts and Book Trade in Leipzig, Germany. Some of his most notable accomplishments was the founding of the Studio Zuber in 1932, his co-founding of Alliance Photo Agency, starting an advertising photography agency in Paris in 1929, and his founding of Les Films du Compas.","Florence Homolka was a successful American photographer born in 1911 and passed away in 1962. She was known for her portraits of numerous celebrities and intellectuals including Judy Garland and Charles Chaplin. Homolka, originally Florence Meyer, was constantly surrounded by prominent cultural figures and improved her career with the help of hid husband, Oscar Homolka.","Gordon Coster was an American photographer born in 1906 and passed in 1988. Coster was known for his multi-faceted and resourceful approach to his work; often, Coster would cross between various genres and such as photography documenting labor strife and photography innovative advertising. He is most well-known for his extensive projects dedicated to American life in the Midwest during World War II, the Tennessee Valley Authority Dam Project, and many more. Coster rose in fame as he worked for various publications such as Time, Fortune, Holiday, Ladies Home Journal, and Scientific American.","John Bryson was a photojournalist born in 1923 in Brownwood, Texas and passed away in 2005 in Brookings, Oregon. He served in the Army Air Force during World War II then enrolled at the University of Texas at Austin. He worked for Life magazine as a correspondent, bureau chief, and picture editor before freelancing for Life, Look, Holiday, and various other publications. Bryson is most known for his years photographing Hollywood celebrities including individuals like Frank Sinatra and even capturing Ernest Hemmingway in 1959.","Max Baur was a self-taught German photographer born in 1898 in Gunzburg, Germany and passed away in 1988. Baur called himself a \"lichtbildner\" or light picture maker instead of a photographer because he worked in a large format and was very detail oriented. He was well-known for his landscape photography but also his industrial and architectural photographs. Baur opened his first photo studio in 1928 and was admitted to the Society of German Photographers in 1934.","Gisele Freund was born 19 December 1908 in Berlin, Germany and passed away 31 March 2000 in Paris, France. She was a German-born French photographer and photojournalist who studied at University of Freiburg and University of Frankfurt Sorbonne. She is well-known for her portraits, documentary photography, various exhibitions, and many books. Freund used the Leica Camera with 35 mm rolls and used Kodachrome and Agfacolor positive film for color portraits. She received many honors including being named a Officier des Arts et Lettres in 1982 and Chevalier de la Legion d'honneur in 1983, and she came the president of the French Union of Photographers in 1977."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Box Number, Folder Number], MS-81, Photojournalism Collection, Book Arts, Archives, \u0026amp; Rare Books, Boatwright Memorial Library, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Box Number, Folder Number], MS-81, Photojournalism Collection, Book Arts, Archives, \u0026 Rare Books, Boatwright Memorial Library, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection documents the work of various photographers and photojournalists from 1935-1989. With portraits, photos of landscapes, and documentary photography, social movements are highlighted as a key aspect of life in the 1900s. This collection captures important moments in U.S. history such as World War II, the Vietnam War, and the Civil Rights Movement. In addition to U.S. history, there are various graphic materials from Japan and 19th century Italy. The photographers and photojournalists showcased in this collection are Paul Almasy, Dmitri Baltermants, Leonard Freed, Micha Bar-Am, Horst Tappe, Alfred Eisenstaedt, Denise Bellon, Paul Caponingo, Harold Costain, Robert Doisneau, Philippe Halsman, Rene Zuber, Florence Homolka, Gordon Coster, John Bryson, Max Baur, and Gisele Freund.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection documents the work of various photographers and photojournalists from 1935-1989. With portraits, photos of landscapes, and documentary photography, social movements are highlighted as a key aspect of life in the 1900s. This collection captures important moments in U.S. history such as World War II, the Vietnam War, and the Civil Rights Movement. In addition to U.S. history, there are various graphic materials from Japan and 19th century Italy. The photographers and photojournalists showcased in this collection are Paul Almasy, Dmitri Baltermants, Leonard Freed, Micha Bar-Am, Horst Tappe, Alfred Eisenstaedt, Denise Bellon, Paul Caponingo, Harold Costain, Robert Doisneau, Philippe Halsman, Rene Zuber, Florence Homolka, Gordon Coster, John Bryson, Max Baur, and Gisele Freund."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_d49bb7321f650541019f18ada0a472ae\"\u003eThe collection documents various photographs from World War II, the Vietnam War, and the Civil Rights Era. Although there are many photographers involved in this collection, most notable are Paul Almasy, Leonard Freed, Dmitri Baltermants, and Horst Tappe. The focus of this collection is on what life looked like around the world during this period and the various hardships that were endured during wartime.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The collection documents various photographs from World War II, the Vietnam War, and the Civil Rights Era. Although there are many photographers involved in this collection, most notable are Paul Almasy, Leonard Freed, Dmitri Baltermants, and Horst Tappe. The focus of this collection is on what life looked like around the world during this period and the various hardships that were endured during wartime."],"corpname_ssim":["University of Richmond"],"persname_ssim":["Kusakabe Kimbei","Suzanne Zuber","Fratelli Alinari","Aldophe Braun"],"names_ssim":["University of Richmond","Kusakabe Kimbei","Suzanne Zuber","Fratelli Alinari","Aldophe Braun"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":24,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:47:27.798Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viur_repositories_4_resources_157","ead_ssi":"viur_repositories_4_resources_157","_root_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_157","_nest_parent_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_157","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/RICH/repositories_4_resources_157.xml","title_ssm":["Photojournalism Collection"],"title_tesim":["Photojournalism Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["[circa 1870s]- 1989","Est. 19th Century","[circa 1800s]- 1989"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["Est. 19th Century","[circa 1800s]- 1989"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["[circa 1870s]- 1989"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1800/1899, bulk 1870/1989"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Photojournalism Collection, 1800/1899, bulk 1870/1989"],"text":["Photojournalism Collection, 1800/1899, bulk 1870/1989","MS-81","/repositories/4/resources/157","United States Army in World War II","Civil rights movements","Documentary photography","Social change","Photographers","Photographs","The content of this collection is arranged in boxes by size and each folder is arranged by photographer or related historical content.","Akg-Images London. \"The Liberation of Paris by Rene Zuber.\" Akg Images, April 19, 2024. https://akg-images.prezly.com/the-liberation-of-paris-by-rene-zuber#.","\"Briscoe Center Aquires Acclaimed Photographer John Bryson's Archive.\" Briscoe Center for American History. https://briscoecenter.org/about/news/briscoe-center-acquires-acclaimed-photographer-john-brysons-archive/ (accessed October 17, 2025).","\"Briscoe Center for American History: The University of Texas at Austin: John Bryson Archive, circa 1945-1995.\" Taro: Texas Archival Resources Online. https://txarchives.org/utcah/finding_aids/03502.xml (accessed October 17, 2025).","\"Florence Homolka (Museum Collection).\" Getty. https://www.getty.edu/art/collection/person/103KVH (accessed October 17, 2025).","\"Gordon Coster.\" Keith De Lellis Gallery. https://www.keithdelellisgallery.com/artists/gordon-coster (accessed October 17, 2025).","\"Harold Haliday Costain.\" Keith De Lellis Gallery. https://www.keithdelellisgallery.com/artists/harold-haliday-costain (accessed October 17, 2025).","\"Leonard Freed.\" Magnum Photos. https://www.magnumphotos.com/photographer/leonard-freed/ (accessed October 17, 2025).","\"Max Baur: German, 1898-1988.\" Artsy. https://www.artsy.net/artist/max-baur#:~:text=Max%20Baur%2C%20a%20native%20of,format%20and%20composed%20everything%20carefully. (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Alfred Eisenstaedt,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Eisenstaedt\u0026oldid=1311559508 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Denise Bellon,\" Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Denise_Bellon\u0026oldid=1242206314 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Dmitry Baltermants,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dmitry_Baltermants\u0026oldid=1298058067 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Gisèle Freund,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gis%C3%A8le_Freund\u0026oldid=1315066063 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Horst Tappe,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horst_Tappe\u0026oldid=1211602280 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Micha Bar-Am,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Micha_Bar-Am\u0026oldid=1306602494 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Paul Almásy,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul_Alm%C3%A1sy\u0026oldid=1307824034 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Paul Caponigro,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul_Caponigro\u0026oldid=1315979719 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Philippe Halsman,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philippe_Halsman\u0026oldid=1315892744 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Robert Doisneau,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_Doisneau\u0026oldid=1283363423 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Paul Almasy was born on 29 May 1906 in Budapest and passed away 23 September 2003 in Jouars-Pontchartrain. He was a famous, Hungarian-born Swiss photographer and journalist, well known for his portrait and documentary photography. He grew up in Budapest in a family of artists and at 17, he left Hungary to pursue a political science degree in Vienna, Munich, and Heidelberg in 1924. Although he originally planned for a diplomatic career, he was drawn to journalism and photography in the 1930s. Particularly famous for his portraits of famous artists and intellectuals such as Pablo Picasso and Albert Camus, Almasy was most recognized for his dedication to capturing people from all walks of life.","Dmitri Baltermants was born on 13 May 1912 in Warsaw and passed away 11 June 1990. He was a prominent Soviet photojournalist who was most famous for his image titled \"Grief\" which depicts a Nazi massacre of Jewish people in Kerch in 1942. Having graduated from the Moscow State University and apprenticed under Vladimir Musinov, he became an official Kremlin photographer and worked for Izvestia and Ogonyok. Most of Baltermants' work focuses on the Red Army in Russia and Ukraine during World War II.","Leonard Freed was born on 23 October 1929 in Brooklyn, NY and passed away 30 November 2006. He was an American documentary photojournalist and maintained a longtime membership of Magnum Photos. Having attended The New School and studied with Alexey Brodovitch, Freed worked as a traveling freelance photojournalist for many years. Freed completed various publications, books, films, and received the New York State Grant for the Arts in 1978 and the National Endowment for the Arts in 1980. His career went to the next level when he traveled the country with Martin Luther King Jr. during the American Civil Rights Movement.","Horst Tappe was born on 13 May 1938 in Germany and passed away 21 August 2005 in Switzerland. Tappe interned at the Hamburg School of Photography, studied at the School of Experimental Photography in Hofheim am Taunus, and studied as the School of Photography in Vevey. He was a German photographer, famous for his portraits of various creative artists, writers, scientists, and philosophers.","Micha Bar-Am, a German-born Israeli photographer, was born in 1930 in Berlin. He is a founding member of Malkia kibbutz, a founding member of the International Center of Photography, a recipient of the Israel Prize for Visual Arts, the author of various publications, and one of Israel's most senior photographers. Bar-Am has worked for Bamahane magazine, Magnum Photos, and The New York Times. His photography has played a crucial role in the shaping of Israel's cultural memory and worldwide image through his documentation of various milestones such as immigration, international affairs, the Six Day War, and many other events of public importance.","Denise Bellon was born 20 September 1902 in Paris, France and passed away on 31 October 1999 in Paris, France. She was a French photographer closely connected to the Surrealist movement and she studied psychology at the University of Paris. She worked with Pierre Boucher, was a photographer at the Alliance-Photo agency, and she was the photographer for the International Exhibitions of Surrealism in 1939, 1947, 1959, and 1965.","Alfred Eisenstaedt was born on 6 December 1898 in Dirschau, West Prussia and passes away on 23 August 1995 in Oak Bluffs, Massachusetts. He was a very successful German-born American photographer and photojournalist; he received the National Medal of Arts in 1989, The Digital Journalist chose him as the 'Photojournalist of the Century' in 1999, and Eisenstaedt was inducted into the International Photography Hall of Fame and Museum in 2020. Most notable for his cover photograph of V-J Day in Times Square, he worked for various publications such as the Associated Press office in Germany, Illustrierte Zeitung, and Life magazine. Eisenstaedt's preferred method for photography was using small 35 mm film cameras like the Leica camera to capture candid photos of people in natural light.","Paul John Jerome Caponingo was born on 7 December 1932 in Boston, Massachusetts and passed away on 10 November 2024 in Cushing, Maine. Caponingo was an American photographer, writer, and pianist, most famous for his landscape and still life photographs such as Running White Deer. He attended Boston University College of Music in 1950 and California School of Fine Arts, and he received various awards such as the Guggenheim Fellowship in 1966 and 1975, the Royal Photographic Society's Centenary Medal and Honorary Fellowship in 2001, and three grants from the NEA. Caponingo's work is held in nine permanent collections around the United States.","Harold Haliday Costain was born in 1897 and passed away in 1994. He was a famous photographer who studied at the Arts Students League in New York and served in the Navy on the U.S.S. Leviathan. Costain's specialty was color photography and printing and he specialized in advertising, architectural, and narrative forms of photography. Having received various awards from annual conventions like the Photographers Association of America, the International Exposition Salon, the Preston Scientific Society Salon, and he received three Pictorial Photographs of America trophies from 1933-1935.","Robert Doisneau was born on 14 April 1912 in Gentilly, France and passed away on 1 April 1994 in Montrouge, France. He was a French photographer who studied at Ecole Estienne in 1929 and received many awards including the Kodak Prize in 1947, the Niepce Prize in 1965, and the Balzac Prize in 1986. Doisneau's photography consisted of amusing juxtapositions, mingling of social classes, and eccentrics in contemporary Paris environments. He produced many publications and exhibitions throughout his career.","Philippe Halsman was born in May of 1906 in Riga and passed away on 25 June 1979 in New York City. Halsman was an American portrait photographer who was renowned as one of the best because of his images that were sharp and closely cropped. In September 1928, he was accused of his father's murder, sentenced to four years in prison based on circumstantial evidence but only spent two there, pardoned by the President of Austria, Wilhelm Miklas, and later, his letters from prison were published as a book in 1930 titled Briefe aus der Halt an eine Freundin. Halsman photographed many famous individuals like Albert Einstein and Constance Ford as part of his portrait photographs.","Rene Zuber was a published author, photographer, and film maker born in 1902 in France and passed away in 1979. Zuber's photography captured various parts of Paris and French civilians during the Liberation of Paris. He discovered a mode of photography called New Objectivity while he was studying at the Academy of Graphic Arts and Book Trade in Leipzig, Germany. Some of his most notable accomplishments was the founding of the Studio Zuber in 1932, his co-founding of Alliance Photo Agency, starting an advertising photography agency in Paris in 1929, and his founding of Les Films du Compas.","Florence Homolka was a successful American photographer born in 1911 and passed away in 1962. She was known for her portraits of numerous celebrities and intellectuals including Judy Garland and Charles Chaplin. Homolka, originally Florence Meyer, was constantly surrounded by prominent cultural figures and improved her career with the help of hid husband, Oscar Homolka.","Gordon Coster was an American photographer born in 1906 and passed in 1988. Coster was known for his multi-faceted and resourceful approach to his work; often, Coster would cross between various genres and such as photography documenting labor strife and photography innovative advertising. He is most well-known for his extensive projects dedicated to American life in the Midwest during World War II, the Tennessee Valley Authority Dam Project, and many more. Coster rose in fame as he worked for various publications such as Time, Fortune, Holiday, Ladies Home Journal, and Scientific American.","John Bryson was a photojournalist born in 1923 in Brownwood, Texas and passed away in 2005 in Brookings, Oregon. He served in the Army Air Force during World War II then enrolled at the University of Texas at Austin. He worked for Life magazine as a correspondent, bureau chief, and picture editor before freelancing for Life, Look, Holiday, and various other publications. Bryson is most known for his years photographing Hollywood celebrities including individuals like Frank Sinatra and even capturing Ernest Hemmingway in 1959.","Max Baur was a self-taught German photographer born in 1898 in Gunzburg, Germany and passed away in 1988. Baur called himself a \"lichtbildner\" or light picture maker instead of a photographer because he worked in a large format and was very detail oriented. He was well-known for his landscape photography but also his industrial and architectural photographs. Baur opened his first photo studio in 1928 and was admitted to the Society of German Photographers in 1934.","Gisele Freund was born 19 December 1908 in Berlin, Germany and passed away 31 March 2000 in Paris, France. She was a German-born French photographer and photojournalist who studied at University of Freiburg and University of Frankfurt Sorbonne. She is well-known for her portraits, documentary photography, various exhibitions, and many books. Freund used the Leica Camera with 35 mm rolls and used Kodachrome and Agfacolor positive film for color portraits. She received many honors including being named a Officier des Arts et Lettres in 1982 and Chevalier de la Legion d'honneur in 1983, and she came the president of the French Union of Photographers in 1977.","This collection documents the work of various photographers and photojournalists from 1935-1989. With portraits, photos of landscapes, and documentary photography, social movements are highlighted as a key aspect of life in the 1900s. This collection captures important moments in U.S. history such as World War II, the Vietnam War, and the Civil Rights Movement. In addition to U.S. history, there are various graphic materials from Japan and 19th century Italy. The photographers and photojournalists showcased in this collection are Paul Almasy, Dmitri Baltermants, Leonard Freed, Micha Bar-Am, Horst Tappe, Alfred Eisenstaedt, Denise Bellon, Paul Caponingo, Harold Costain, Robert Doisneau, Philippe Halsman, Rene Zuber, Florence Homolka, Gordon Coster, John Bryson, Max Baur, and Gisele Freund.","The collection documents various photographs from World War II, the Vietnam War, and the Civil Rights Era. Although there are many photographers involved in this collection, most notable are Paul Almasy, Leonard Freed, Dmitri Baltermants, and Horst Tappe. The focus of this collection is on what life looked like around the world during this period and the various hardships that were endured during wartime.","University of Richmond","Kusakabe Kimbei","Suzanne Zuber","Fratelli Alinari","Aldophe Braun","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Photojournalism Collection, 1800/1899, bulk 1870/1989"],"collection_ssim":["Photojournalism Collection, 1800/1899, bulk 1870/1989"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS-81","/repositories/4/resources/157"],"unitid_tesim":["MS-81","/repositories/4/resources/157"],"repository_ssm":["University of Richmond"],"repository_ssim":["University of Richmond"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Kusakabe Kimbei","Suzanne Zuber","Fratelli Alinari","Aldophe Braun"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["University of Richmond"],"creators_ssim":["Kusakabe Kimbei","Suzanne Zuber","Fratelli Alinari","Aldophe Braun","University of Richmond"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donation acquired from Isser Elishis."],"access_subjects_ssim":["United States Army in World War II","Civil rights movements","Documentary photography","Social change","Photographers","Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["United States Army in World War II","Civil rights movements","Documentary photography","Social change","Photographers","Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["? Linear Feet 5 boxes."],"extent_tesim":["? Linear Feet 5 boxes."],"genreform_ssim":["Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe content of this collection is arranged in boxes by size and each folder is arranged by photographer or related historical content.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The content of this collection is arranged in boxes by size and each folder is arranged by photographer or related historical content."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAkg-Images London. \"The Liberation of Paris by Rene Zuber.\" Akg Images, April 19, 2024. https://akg-images.prezly.com/the-liberation-of-paris-by-rene-zuber#. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Briscoe Center Aquires Acclaimed Photographer John Bryson's Archive.\" Briscoe Center for American History. https://briscoecenter.org/about/news/briscoe-center-acquires-acclaimed-photographer-john-brysons-archive/ (accessed October 17, 2025). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Briscoe Center for American History: The University of Texas at Austin: John Bryson Archive, circa 1945-1995.\" Taro: Texas Archival Resources Online. https://txarchives.org/utcah/finding_aids/03502.xml (accessed October 17, 2025). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Florence Homolka (Museum Collection).\" Getty. https://www.getty.edu/art/collection/person/103KVH (accessed October 17, 2025).  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Gordon Coster.\" Keith De Lellis Gallery. https://www.keithdelellisgallery.com/artists/gordon-coster (accessed October 17, 2025). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Harold Haliday Costain.\" Keith De Lellis Gallery. https://www.keithdelellisgallery.com/artists/harold-haliday-costain (accessed October 17, 2025). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Leonard Freed.\" Magnum Photos. https://www.magnumphotos.com/photographer/leonard-freed/ (accessed October 17, 2025). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Max Baur: German, 1898-1988.\" Artsy. https://www.artsy.net/artist/max-baur#:~:text=Max%20Baur%2C%20a%20native%20of,format%20and%20composed%20everything%20carefully. (accessed October 17, 2025). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWikipedia contributors, \"Alfred Eisenstaedt,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Eisenstaedt\u0026amp;oldid=1311559508 (accessed October 17, 2025).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWikipedia contributors, \"Denise Bellon,\" Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Denise_Bellon\u0026amp;oldid=1242206314 (accessed October 17, 2025).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWikipedia contributors, \"Dmitry Baltermants,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dmitry_Baltermants\u0026amp;oldid=1298058067 (accessed October 17, 2025).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWikipedia contributors, \"Gisèle Freund,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gis%C3%A8le_Freund\u0026amp;oldid=1315066063 (accessed October 17, 2025).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWikipedia contributors, \"Horst Tappe,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horst_Tappe\u0026amp;oldid=1211602280 (accessed October 17, 2025).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWikipedia contributors, \"Micha Bar-Am,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Micha_Bar-Am\u0026amp;oldid=1306602494 (accessed October 17, 2025).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWikipedia contributors, \"Paul Almásy,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul_Alm%C3%A1sy\u0026amp;oldid=1307824034 (accessed October 17, 2025).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWikipedia contributors, \"Paul Caponigro,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul_Caponigro\u0026amp;oldid=1315979719 (accessed October 17, 2025).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWikipedia contributors, \"Philippe Halsman,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philippe_Halsman\u0026amp;oldid=1315892744 (accessed October 17, 2025).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWikipedia contributors, \"Robert Doisneau,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_Doisneau\u0026amp;oldid=1283363423 (accessed October 17, 2025).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Akg-Images London. \"The Liberation of Paris by Rene Zuber.\" Akg Images, April 19, 2024. https://akg-images.prezly.com/the-liberation-of-paris-by-rene-zuber#.","\"Briscoe Center Aquires Acclaimed Photographer John Bryson's Archive.\" Briscoe Center for American History. https://briscoecenter.org/about/news/briscoe-center-acquires-acclaimed-photographer-john-brysons-archive/ (accessed October 17, 2025).","\"Briscoe Center for American History: The University of Texas at Austin: John Bryson Archive, circa 1945-1995.\" Taro: Texas Archival Resources Online. https://txarchives.org/utcah/finding_aids/03502.xml (accessed October 17, 2025).","\"Florence Homolka (Museum Collection).\" Getty. https://www.getty.edu/art/collection/person/103KVH (accessed October 17, 2025).","\"Gordon Coster.\" Keith De Lellis Gallery. https://www.keithdelellisgallery.com/artists/gordon-coster (accessed October 17, 2025).","\"Harold Haliday Costain.\" Keith De Lellis Gallery. https://www.keithdelellisgallery.com/artists/harold-haliday-costain (accessed October 17, 2025).","\"Leonard Freed.\" Magnum Photos. https://www.magnumphotos.com/photographer/leonard-freed/ (accessed October 17, 2025).","\"Max Baur: German, 1898-1988.\" Artsy. https://www.artsy.net/artist/max-baur#:~:text=Max%20Baur%2C%20a%20native%20of,format%20and%20composed%20everything%20carefully. (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Alfred Eisenstaedt,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Eisenstaedt\u0026oldid=1311559508 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Denise Bellon,\" Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Denise_Bellon\u0026oldid=1242206314 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Dmitry Baltermants,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dmitry_Baltermants\u0026oldid=1298058067 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Gisèle Freund,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gis%C3%A8le_Freund\u0026oldid=1315066063 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Horst Tappe,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horst_Tappe\u0026oldid=1211602280 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Micha Bar-Am,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Micha_Bar-Am\u0026oldid=1306602494 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Paul Almásy,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul_Alm%C3%A1sy\u0026oldid=1307824034 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Paul Caponigro,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul_Caponigro\u0026oldid=1315979719 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Philippe Halsman,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philippe_Halsman\u0026oldid=1315892744 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Robert Doisneau,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_Doisneau\u0026oldid=1283363423 (accessed October 17, 2025)."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePaul Almasy was born on 29 May 1906 in Budapest and passed away 23 September 2003 in Jouars-Pontchartrain. He was a famous, Hungarian-born Swiss photographer and journalist, well known for his portrait and documentary photography. He grew up in Budapest in a family of artists and at 17, he left Hungary to pursue a political science degree in Vienna, Munich, and Heidelberg in 1924. Although he originally planned for a diplomatic career, he was drawn to journalism and photography in the 1930s. Particularly famous for his portraits of famous artists and intellectuals such as Pablo Picasso and Albert Camus, Almasy was most recognized for his dedication to capturing people from all walks of life. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDmitri Baltermants was born on 13 May 1912 in Warsaw and passed away 11 June 1990. He was a prominent Soviet photojournalist who was most famous for his image titled \"Grief\" which depicts a Nazi massacre of Jewish people in Kerch in 1942. Having graduated from the Moscow State University and apprenticed under Vladimir Musinov, he became an official Kremlin photographer and worked for Izvestia and Ogonyok. Most of Baltermants' work focuses on the Red Army in Russia and Ukraine during World War II. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nLeonard Freed was born on 23 October 1929 in Brooklyn, NY and passed away 30 November 2006. He was an American documentary photojournalist and maintained a longtime membership of Magnum Photos. Having attended The New School and studied with Alexey Brodovitch, Freed worked as a traveling freelance photojournalist for many years. Freed completed various publications, books, films, and received the New York State Grant for the Arts in 1978 and the National Endowment for the Arts in 1980. His career went to the next level when he traveled the country with Martin Luther King Jr. during the American Civil Rights Movement. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHorst Tappe was born on 13 May 1938 in Germany and passed away 21 August 2005 in Switzerland. Tappe interned at the Hamburg School of Photography, studied at the School of Experimental Photography in Hofheim am Taunus, and studied as the School of Photography in Vevey. He was a German photographer, famous for his portraits of various creative artists, writers, scientists, and philosophers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMicha Bar-Am, a German-born Israeli photographer, was born in 1930 in Berlin. He is a founding member of Malkia kibbutz, a founding member of the International Center of Photography, a recipient of the Israel Prize for Visual Arts, the author of various publications, and one of Israel's most senior photographers. Bar-Am has worked for Bamahane magazine, Magnum Photos, and The New York Times. His photography has played a crucial role in the shaping of Israel's cultural memory and worldwide image through his documentation of various milestones such as immigration, international affairs, the Six Day War, and many other events of public importance. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDenise Bellon was born 20 September 1902 in Paris, France and passed away on 31 October 1999 in Paris, France. She was a French photographer closely connected to the Surrealist movement and she studied psychology at the University of Paris. She worked with Pierre Boucher, was a photographer at the Alliance-Photo agency, and she was the photographer for the International Exhibitions of Surrealism in 1939, 1947, 1959, and 1965. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlfred Eisenstaedt was born on 6 December 1898 in Dirschau, West Prussia and passes away on 23 August 1995 in Oak Bluffs, Massachusetts. He was a very successful German-born American photographer and photojournalist; he received the National Medal of Arts in 1989, The Digital Journalist chose him as the 'Photojournalist of the Century' in 1999, and Eisenstaedt was inducted into the International Photography Hall of Fame and Museum in 2020. Most notable for his cover photograph of V-J Day in Times Square, he worked for various publications such as the Associated Press office in Germany, Illustrierte Zeitung, and Life magazine. Eisenstaedt's preferred method for photography was using small 35 mm film cameras like the Leica camera to capture candid photos of people in natural light. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nPaul John Jerome Caponingo was born on 7 December 1932 in Boston, Massachusetts and passed away on 10 November 2024 in Cushing, Maine. Caponingo was an American photographer, writer, and pianist, most famous for his landscape and still life photographs such as Running White Deer. He attended Boston University College of Music in 1950 and California School of Fine Arts, and he received various awards such as the Guggenheim Fellowship in 1966 and 1975, the Royal Photographic Society's Centenary Medal and Honorary Fellowship in 2001, and three grants from the NEA. Caponingo's work is held in nine permanent collections around the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarold Haliday Costain was born in 1897 and passed away in 1994. He was a famous photographer who studied at the Arts Students League in New York and served in the Navy on the U.S.S. Leviathan. Costain's specialty was color photography and printing and he specialized in advertising, architectural, and narrative forms of photography. Having received various awards from annual conventions like the Photographers Association of America, the International Exposition Salon, the Preston Scientific Society Salon, and he received three Pictorial Photographs of America trophies from 1933-1935. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRobert Doisneau was born on 14 April 1912 in Gentilly, France and passed away on 1 April 1994 in Montrouge, France. He was a French photographer who studied at Ecole Estienne in 1929 and received many awards including the Kodak Prize in 1947, the Niepce Prize in 1965, and the Balzac Prize in 1986. Doisneau's photography consisted of amusing juxtapositions, mingling of social classes, and eccentrics in contemporary Paris environments. He produced many publications and exhibitions throughout his career. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhilippe Halsman was born in May of 1906 in Riga and passed away on 25 June 1979 in New York City. Halsman was an American portrait photographer who was renowned as one of the best because of his images that were sharp and closely cropped. In September 1928, he was accused of his father's murder, sentenced to four years in prison based on circumstantial evidence but only spent two there, pardoned by the President of Austria, Wilhelm Miklas, and later, his letters from prison were published as a book in 1930 titled Briefe aus der Halt an eine Freundin. Halsman photographed many famous individuals like Albert Einstein and Constance Ford as part of his portrait photographs. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRene Zuber was a published author, photographer, and film maker born in 1902 in France and passed away in 1979. Zuber's photography captured various parts of Paris and French civilians during the Liberation of Paris. He discovered a mode of photography called New Objectivity while he was studying at the Academy of Graphic Arts and Book Trade in Leipzig, Germany. Some of his most notable accomplishments was the founding of the Studio Zuber in 1932, his co-founding of Alliance Photo Agency, starting an advertising photography agency in Paris in 1929, and his founding of Les Films du Compas. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlorence Homolka was a successful American photographer born in 1911 and passed away in 1962. She was known for her portraits of numerous celebrities and intellectuals including Judy Garland and Charles Chaplin. Homolka, originally Florence Meyer, was constantly surrounded by prominent cultural figures and improved her career with the help of hid husband, Oscar Homolka.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGordon Coster was an American photographer born in 1906 and passed in 1988. Coster was known for his multi-faceted and resourceful approach to his work; often, Coster would cross between various genres and such as photography documenting labor strife and photography innovative advertising. He is most well-known for his extensive projects dedicated to American life in the Midwest during World War II, the Tennessee Valley Authority Dam Project, and many more. Coster rose in fame as he worked for various publications such as Time, Fortune, Holiday, Ladies Home Journal, and Scientific American.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJohn Bryson was a photojournalist born in 1923 in Brownwood, Texas and passed away in 2005 in Brookings, Oregon. He served in the Army Air Force during World War II then enrolled at the University of Texas at Austin. He worked for Life magazine as a correspondent, bureau chief, and picture editor before freelancing for Life, Look, Holiday, and various other publications. Bryson is most known for his years photographing Hollywood celebrities including individuals like Frank Sinatra and even capturing Ernest Hemmingway in 1959. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMax Baur was a self-taught German photographer born in 1898 in Gunzburg, Germany and passed away in 1988. Baur called himself a \"lichtbildner\" or light picture maker instead of a photographer because he worked in a large format and was very detail oriented. He was well-known for his landscape photography but also his industrial and architectural photographs. Baur opened his first photo studio in 1928 and was admitted to the Society of German Photographers in 1934. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGisele Freund was born 19 December 1908 in Berlin, Germany and passed away 31 March 2000 in Paris, France. She was a German-born French photographer and photojournalist who studied at University of Freiburg and University of Frankfurt Sorbonne. She is well-known for her portraits, documentary photography, various exhibitions, and many books. Freund used the Leica Camera with 35 mm rolls and used Kodachrome and Agfacolor positive film for color portraits. She received many honors including being named a Officier des Arts et Lettres in 1982 and Chevalier de la Legion d'honneur in 1983, and she came the president of the French Union of Photographers in 1977. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Paul Almasy was born on 29 May 1906 in Budapest and passed away 23 September 2003 in Jouars-Pontchartrain. He was a famous, Hungarian-born Swiss photographer and journalist, well known for his portrait and documentary photography. He grew up in Budapest in a family of artists and at 17, he left Hungary to pursue a political science degree in Vienna, Munich, and Heidelberg in 1924. Although he originally planned for a diplomatic career, he was drawn to journalism and photography in the 1930s. Particularly famous for his portraits of famous artists and intellectuals such as Pablo Picasso and Albert Camus, Almasy was most recognized for his dedication to capturing people from all walks of life.","Dmitri Baltermants was born on 13 May 1912 in Warsaw and passed away 11 June 1990. He was a prominent Soviet photojournalist who was most famous for his image titled \"Grief\" which depicts a Nazi massacre of Jewish people in Kerch in 1942. Having graduated from the Moscow State University and apprenticed under Vladimir Musinov, he became an official Kremlin photographer and worked for Izvestia and Ogonyok. Most of Baltermants' work focuses on the Red Army in Russia and Ukraine during World War II.","Leonard Freed was born on 23 October 1929 in Brooklyn, NY and passed away 30 November 2006. He was an American documentary photojournalist and maintained a longtime membership of Magnum Photos. Having attended The New School and studied with Alexey Brodovitch, Freed worked as a traveling freelance photojournalist for many years. Freed completed various publications, books, films, and received the New York State Grant for the Arts in 1978 and the National Endowment for the Arts in 1980. His career went to the next level when he traveled the country with Martin Luther King Jr. during the American Civil Rights Movement.","Horst Tappe was born on 13 May 1938 in Germany and passed away 21 August 2005 in Switzerland. Tappe interned at the Hamburg School of Photography, studied at the School of Experimental Photography in Hofheim am Taunus, and studied as the School of Photography in Vevey. He was a German photographer, famous for his portraits of various creative artists, writers, scientists, and philosophers.","Micha Bar-Am, a German-born Israeli photographer, was born in 1930 in Berlin. He is a founding member of Malkia kibbutz, a founding member of the International Center of Photography, a recipient of the Israel Prize for Visual Arts, the author of various publications, and one of Israel's most senior photographers. Bar-Am has worked for Bamahane magazine, Magnum Photos, and The New York Times. His photography has played a crucial role in the shaping of Israel's cultural memory and worldwide image through his documentation of various milestones such as immigration, international affairs, the Six Day War, and many other events of public importance.","Denise Bellon was born 20 September 1902 in Paris, France and passed away on 31 October 1999 in Paris, France. She was a French photographer closely connected to the Surrealist movement and she studied psychology at the University of Paris. She worked with Pierre Boucher, was a photographer at the Alliance-Photo agency, and she was the photographer for the International Exhibitions of Surrealism in 1939, 1947, 1959, and 1965.","Alfred Eisenstaedt was born on 6 December 1898 in Dirschau, West Prussia and passes away on 23 August 1995 in Oak Bluffs, Massachusetts. He was a very successful German-born American photographer and photojournalist; he received the National Medal of Arts in 1989, The Digital Journalist chose him as the 'Photojournalist of the Century' in 1999, and Eisenstaedt was inducted into the International Photography Hall of Fame and Museum in 2020. Most notable for his cover photograph of V-J Day in Times Square, he worked for various publications such as the Associated Press office in Germany, Illustrierte Zeitung, and Life magazine. Eisenstaedt's preferred method for photography was using small 35 mm film cameras like the Leica camera to capture candid photos of people in natural light.","Paul John Jerome Caponingo was born on 7 December 1932 in Boston, Massachusetts and passed away on 10 November 2024 in Cushing, Maine. Caponingo was an American photographer, writer, and pianist, most famous for his landscape and still life photographs such as Running White Deer. He attended Boston University College of Music in 1950 and California School of Fine Arts, and he received various awards such as the Guggenheim Fellowship in 1966 and 1975, the Royal Photographic Society's Centenary Medal and Honorary Fellowship in 2001, and three grants from the NEA. Caponingo's work is held in nine permanent collections around the United States.","Harold Haliday Costain was born in 1897 and passed away in 1994. He was a famous photographer who studied at the Arts Students League in New York and served in the Navy on the U.S.S. Leviathan. Costain's specialty was color photography and printing and he specialized in advertising, architectural, and narrative forms of photography. Having received various awards from annual conventions like the Photographers Association of America, the International Exposition Salon, the Preston Scientific Society Salon, and he received three Pictorial Photographs of America trophies from 1933-1935.","Robert Doisneau was born on 14 April 1912 in Gentilly, France and passed away on 1 April 1994 in Montrouge, France. He was a French photographer who studied at Ecole Estienne in 1929 and received many awards including the Kodak Prize in 1947, the Niepce Prize in 1965, and the Balzac Prize in 1986. Doisneau's photography consisted of amusing juxtapositions, mingling of social classes, and eccentrics in contemporary Paris environments. He produced many publications and exhibitions throughout his career.","Philippe Halsman was born in May of 1906 in Riga and passed away on 25 June 1979 in New York City. Halsman was an American portrait photographer who was renowned as one of the best because of his images that were sharp and closely cropped. In September 1928, he was accused of his father's murder, sentenced to four years in prison based on circumstantial evidence but only spent two there, pardoned by the President of Austria, Wilhelm Miklas, and later, his letters from prison were published as a book in 1930 titled Briefe aus der Halt an eine Freundin. Halsman photographed many famous individuals like Albert Einstein and Constance Ford as part of his portrait photographs.","Rene Zuber was a published author, photographer, and film maker born in 1902 in France and passed away in 1979. Zuber's photography captured various parts of Paris and French civilians during the Liberation of Paris. He discovered a mode of photography called New Objectivity while he was studying at the Academy of Graphic Arts and Book Trade in Leipzig, Germany. Some of his most notable accomplishments was the founding of the Studio Zuber in 1932, his co-founding of Alliance Photo Agency, starting an advertising photography agency in Paris in 1929, and his founding of Les Films du Compas.","Florence Homolka was a successful American photographer born in 1911 and passed away in 1962. She was known for her portraits of numerous celebrities and intellectuals including Judy Garland and Charles Chaplin. Homolka, originally Florence Meyer, was constantly surrounded by prominent cultural figures and improved her career with the help of hid husband, Oscar Homolka.","Gordon Coster was an American photographer born in 1906 and passed in 1988. Coster was known for his multi-faceted and resourceful approach to his work; often, Coster would cross between various genres and such as photography documenting labor strife and photography innovative advertising. He is most well-known for his extensive projects dedicated to American life in the Midwest during World War II, the Tennessee Valley Authority Dam Project, and many more. Coster rose in fame as he worked for various publications such as Time, Fortune, Holiday, Ladies Home Journal, and Scientific American.","John Bryson was a photojournalist born in 1923 in Brownwood, Texas and passed away in 2005 in Brookings, Oregon. He served in the Army Air Force during World War II then enrolled at the University of Texas at Austin. He worked for Life magazine as a correspondent, bureau chief, and picture editor before freelancing for Life, Look, Holiday, and various other publications. Bryson is most known for his years photographing Hollywood celebrities including individuals like Frank Sinatra and even capturing Ernest Hemmingway in 1959.","Max Baur was a self-taught German photographer born in 1898 in Gunzburg, Germany and passed away in 1988. Baur called himself a \"lichtbildner\" or light picture maker instead of a photographer because he worked in a large format and was very detail oriented. He was well-known for his landscape photography but also his industrial and architectural photographs. Baur opened his first photo studio in 1928 and was admitted to the Society of German Photographers in 1934.","Gisele Freund was born 19 December 1908 in Berlin, Germany and passed away 31 March 2000 in Paris, France. She was a German-born French photographer and photojournalist who studied at University of Freiburg and University of Frankfurt Sorbonne. She is well-known for her portraits, documentary photography, various exhibitions, and many books. Freund used the Leica Camera with 35 mm rolls and used Kodachrome and Agfacolor positive film for color portraits. She received many honors including being named a Officier des Arts et Lettres in 1982 and Chevalier de la Legion d'honneur in 1983, and she came the president of the French Union of Photographers in 1977."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Box Number, Folder Number], MS-81, Photojournalism Collection, Book Arts, Archives, \u0026amp; Rare Books, Boatwright Memorial Library, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Box Number, Folder Number], MS-81, Photojournalism Collection, Book Arts, Archives, \u0026 Rare Books, Boatwright Memorial Library, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection documents the work of various photographers and photojournalists from 1935-1989. With portraits, photos of landscapes, and documentary photography, social movements are highlighted as a key aspect of life in the 1900s. This collection captures important moments in U.S. history such as World War II, the Vietnam War, and the Civil Rights Movement. In addition to U.S. history, there are various graphic materials from Japan and 19th century Italy. The photographers and photojournalists showcased in this collection are Paul Almasy, Dmitri Baltermants, Leonard Freed, Micha Bar-Am, Horst Tappe, Alfred Eisenstaedt, Denise Bellon, Paul Caponingo, Harold Costain, Robert Doisneau, Philippe Halsman, Rene Zuber, Florence Homolka, Gordon Coster, John Bryson, Max Baur, and Gisele Freund.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection documents the work of various photographers and photojournalists from 1935-1989. With portraits, photos of landscapes, and documentary photography, social movements are highlighted as a key aspect of life in the 1900s. This collection captures important moments in U.S. history such as World War II, the Vietnam War, and the Civil Rights Movement. In addition to U.S. history, there are various graphic materials from Japan and 19th century Italy. The photographers and photojournalists showcased in this collection are Paul Almasy, Dmitri Baltermants, Leonard Freed, Micha Bar-Am, Horst Tappe, Alfred Eisenstaedt, Denise Bellon, Paul Caponingo, Harold Costain, Robert Doisneau, Philippe Halsman, Rene Zuber, Florence Homolka, Gordon Coster, John Bryson, Max Baur, and Gisele Freund."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_d49bb7321f650541019f18ada0a472ae\"\u003eThe collection documents various photographs from World War II, the Vietnam War, and the Civil Rights Era. Although there are many photographers involved in this collection, most notable are Paul Almasy, Leonard Freed, Dmitri Baltermants, and Horst Tappe. The focus of this collection is on what life looked like around the world during this period and the various hardships that were endured during wartime.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The collection documents various photographs from World War II, the Vietnam War, and the Civil Rights Era. Although there are many photographers involved in this collection, most notable are Paul Almasy, Leonard Freed, Dmitri Baltermants, and Horst Tappe. The focus of this collection is on what life looked like around the world during this period and the various hardships that were endured during wartime."],"corpname_ssim":["University of Richmond"],"persname_ssim":["Kusakabe Kimbei","Suzanne Zuber","Fratelli Alinari","Aldophe Braun"],"names_ssim":["University of Richmond","Kusakabe Kimbei","Suzanne Zuber","Fratelli Alinari","Aldophe Braun"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":24,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:47:27.798Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viur_repositories_4_resources_157"}},{"id":"viur_repositories_4_resources_51","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Ryland Correspondence Collection, 1843/1988","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viur_repositories_4_resources_51#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Ryland, Robert, 1805-1899","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viur_repositories_4_resources_51#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This collection contains a mix of envelopes, post cards, and letters relating to correspondence by and with the Ryland Family in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. 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His nephew Charles Ryland served as trustee, treasurer, and librarian of the college. Ryland Hall, named after both of these men, was designed by noted architect Ralph Adams Cram and is one of the original buildings constructed on campus. Dr. Garnett Ryland was head of the Chemistry Department at Richmond, and also an alumnus.","Processed by Matthew Hamilton.","The collection includes letters written to and from Ryland family members. There are envelopes addressed to various Rylands, postcards, holiday cards, and canceled stamps.","Copyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright.  Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.","This collection contains a mix of envelopes, post cards, and letters relating to correspondence by and with the Ryland Family in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The envelopes in particular allow researchers to explore the extent of the Ryland family connections as well as being of interest to philatelists.","University of Richmond","Ryland family","Ryland, Robert, 1805-1899","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Ryland Correspondence Collection, 1843/1988"],"collection_ssim":["Ryland Correspondence Collection, 1843/1988"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS-15","/repositories/4/resources/51"],"unitid_tesim":["MS-15","/repositories/4/resources/51"],"repository_ssm":["University of Richmond"],"repository_ssim":["University of Richmond"],"creator_ssm":["Ryland, Robert, 1805-1899","Ryland family"],"creator_ssim":["Ryland, Robert, 1805-1899","Ryland family"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Ryland, Robert, 1805-1899"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["University of Richmond"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Ryland family"],"creators_ssim":["Ryland, Robert, 1805-1899","University of Richmond","Ryland family"],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright.  Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Postcards","Stamped envelopes","Postage stamps"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Postcards","Stamped envelopes","Postage stamps"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".5 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":[".5 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in one series of Ryland Correspondence, which includes 20 files.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in one series of Ryland Correspondence, which includes 20 files."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDr. Robert Ryland, was the first president of Richmond College (1840-1866). His nephew Charles Ryland served as trustee, treasurer, and librarian of the college. Ryland Hall, named after both of these men, was designed by noted architect Ralph Adams Cram and is one of the original buildings constructed on campus. Dr. Garnett Ryland was head of the Chemistry Department at Richmond, and also an alumnus.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Dr. Robert Ryland, was the first president of Richmond College (1840-1866). His nephew Charles Ryland served as trustee, treasurer, and librarian of the college. Ryland Hall, named after both of these men, was designed by noted architect Ralph Adams Cram and is one of the original buildings constructed on campus. Dr. Garnett Ryland was head of the Chemistry Department at Richmond, and also an alumnus."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Box Number, Folder Number], MS-15, Ryland Correspondence Collection, Book Arts, Archives, \u0026amp; Rare Books, Boatwright Memorial Library, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Box Number, Folder Number], MS-15, Ryland Correspondence Collection, Book Arts, Archives, \u0026 Rare Books, Boatwright Memorial Library, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Matthew Hamilton.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Matthew Hamilton."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes letters written to and from Ryland family members. There are envelopes addressed to various Rylands, postcards, holiday cards, and canceled stamps.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection includes letters written to and from Ryland family members. There are envelopes addressed to various Rylands, postcards, holiday cards, and canceled stamps."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright.  Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright.  Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_2ce536c531adc59c9bf5035858c1ea41\"\u003eThis collection contains a mix of envelopes, post cards, and letters relating to correspondence by and with the Ryland Family in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The envelopes in particular allow researchers to explore the extent of the Ryland family connections as well as being of interest to philatelists.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains a mix of envelopes, post cards, and letters relating to correspondence by and with the Ryland Family in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The envelopes in particular allow researchers to explore the extent of the Ryland family connections as well as being of interest to philatelists."],"corpname_ssim":["University of Richmond"],"famname_ssim":["Ryland family"],"names_coll_ssim":["Ryland family","Ryland, Robert, 1805-1899"],"persname_ssim":["Ryland, Robert, 1805-1899"],"names_ssim":["University of Richmond","Ryland family","Ryland, Robert, 1805-1899"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"total_component_count_is":22,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:47:27.798Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viur_repositories_4_resources_51","ead_ssi":"viur_repositories_4_resources_51","_root_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_51","_nest_parent_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_51","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/RICH/repositories_4_resources_51.xml","title_ssm":["Ryland Correspondence Collection"],"title_tesim":["Ryland Correspondence Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1843-1988"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1843-1988"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1843/1988"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Ryland Correspondence Collection, 1843/1988"],"text":["Ryland Correspondence Collection, 1843/1988","MS-15","/repositories/4/resources/51","Postcards","Stamped envelopes","Postage stamps","The collection is arranged in one series of Ryland Correspondence, which includes 20 files.","Dr. Robert Ryland, was the first president of Richmond College (1840-1866). 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Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright.  Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Postcards","Stamped envelopes","Postage stamps"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Postcards","Stamped envelopes","Postage stamps"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".5 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":[".5 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in one series of Ryland Correspondence, which includes 20 files.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in one series of Ryland Correspondence, which includes 20 files."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDr. Robert Ryland, was the first president of Richmond College (1840-1866). His nephew Charles Ryland served as trustee, treasurer, and librarian of the college. Ryland Hall, named after both of these men, was designed by noted architect Ralph Adams Cram and is one of the original buildings constructed on campus. Dr. Garnett Ryland was head of the Chemistry Department at Richmond, and also an alumnus.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Dr. Robert Ryland, was the first president of Richmond College (1840-1866). His nephew Charles Ryland served as trustee, treasurer, and librarian of the college. Ryland Hall, named after both of these men, was designed by noted architect Ralph Adams Cram and is one of the original buildings constructed on campus. Dr. Garnett Ryland was head of the Chemistry Department at Richmond, and also an alumnus."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Box Number, Folder Number], MS-15, Ryland Correspondence Collection, Book Arts, Archives, \u0026amp; Rare Books, Boatwright Memorial Library, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Box Number, Folder Number], MS-15, Ryland Correspondence Collection, Book Arts, Archives, \u0026 Rare Books, Boatwright Memorial Library, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Matthew Hamilton.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Matthew Hamilton."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes letters written to and from Ryland family members. There are envelopes addressed to various Rylands, postcards, holiday cards, and canceled stamps.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection includes letters written to and from Ryland family members. There are envelopes addressed to various Rylands, postcards, holiday cards, and canceled stamps."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright.  Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright.  Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_2ce536c531adc59c9bf5035858c1ea41\"\u003eThis collection contains a mix of envelopes, post cards, and letters relating to correspondence by and with the Ryland Family in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The envelopes in particular allow researchers to explore the extent of the Ryland family connections as well as being of interest to philatelists.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains a mix of envelopes, post cards, and letters relating to correspondence by and with the Ryland Family in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The envelopes in particular allow researchers to explore the extent of the Ryland family connections as well as being of interest to philatelists."],"corpname_ssim":["University of Richmond"],"famname_ssim":["Ryland family"],"names_coll_ssim":["Ryland family","Ryland, Robert, 1805-1899"],"persname_ssim":["Ryland, Robert, 1805-1899"],"names_ssim":["University of Richmond","Ryland family","Ryland, Robert, 1805-1899"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"total_component_count_is":22,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:47:27.798Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viur_repositories_4_resources_51"}},{"id":"viur_repositories_4_resources_156","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Stereograph and Stereoscope Collection, 1893/1929","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viur_repositories_4_resources_156#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a stereoscope viewer and stereograph cards documenting a variety of content, including the 1893 Columbian Exposition and various international locations.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viur_repositories_4_resources_156#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viur_repositories_4_resources_156","ead_ssi":"viur_repositories_4_resources_156","_root_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_156","_nest_parent_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_156","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/RICH/repositories_4_resources_156.xml","title_ssm":["Stereograph and Stereoscope Collection"],"title_tesim":["Stereograph and Stereoscope Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1893-1929 and undated"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1893-1929 and undated"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1893/1929"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Stereograph and Stereoscope Collection, 1893/1929"],"text":["Stereograph and Stereoscope Collection, 1893/1929","MS.48","/repositories/4/resources/156","Chicago, IL","Japan","World's Columbian Exposition (1893 : Chicago, Ill.)","Stereographs","Stereoscope","There are no restrictions on accessing material in this collection.","The collection is divided into 2 series:\n\nSeries 1: Stereograph Cards\nSeries 2: Stereoscope","As photography came of age in the 19th century, one of the popular formats during the latter part of the century was the stereoscope. Stereograph cards contained two identical images of the same subject placed next to each other designed to be viewed through the stereoscope to create the illusion of three-dimensional views. Stereoscopes became a popular entertainment with images showcasing international locations and topics of interest to both entertain and educate viewers.","For more information, see the Library of Congress' Stereograph Cards \u0026 Collection website.","Description information in finding aid drawn from content on stereograph cards.","This collection contains a stereoscope viewer and stereograph cards documenting a variety of content, including the 1893 Columbian Exposition and various international locations.","Copyright restrictions may apply.  Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright.  Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.","University of Richmond","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Stereograph and Stereoscope Collection, 1893/1929"],"collection_ssim":["Stereograph and Stereoscope Collection, 1893/1929"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.48","/repositories/4/resources/156"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.48","/repositories/4/resources/156"],"repository_ssm":["University of Richmond"],"repository_ssim":["University of Richmond"],"geogname_ssm":["Chicago, IL","Japan","World's Columbian Exposition (1893 : Chicago, Ill.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Chicago, IL","Japan","World's Columbian Exposition (1893 : Chicago, Ill.)"],"places_ssim":["Chicago, IL","Japan","World's Columbian Exposition (1893 : Chicago, Ill.)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["University of Richmond"],"creators_ssim":["University of Richmond"],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright restrictions may apply.  Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright.  Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased at auction, 2014."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Stereographs","Stereoscope"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Stereographs","Stereoscope"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["1 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Stereographs","Stereoscope"],"date_range_isim":[1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions on accessing material in this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions on accessing material in this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into 2 series:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSeries 1: Stereograph Cards\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSeries 2: Stereoscope\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is divided into 2 series:\n\nSeries 1: Stereograph Cards\nSeries 2: Stereoscope"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAs photography came of age in the 19th century, one of the popular formats during the latter part of the century was the stereoscope. Stereograph cards contained two identical images of the same subject placed next to each other designed to be viewed through the stereoscope to create the illusion of three-dimensional views. Stereoscopes became a popular entertainment with images showcasing international locations and topics of interest to both entertain and educate viewers.  \n \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor more information, see the Library of Congress' Stereograph Cards \u0026amp; Collection \u003ca href=\"https://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/stereo/background.html\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ewebsite\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["As photography came of age in the 19th century, one of the popular formats during the latter part of the century was the stereoscope. Stereograph cards contained two identical images of the same subject placed next to each other designed to be viewed through the stereoscope to create the illusion of three-dimensional views. Stereoscopes became a popular entertainment with images showcasing international locations and topics of interest to both entertain and educate viewers.","For more information, see the Library of Congress' Stereograph Cards \u0026 Collection website."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Box Number, Folder Number], MS-48, Stereograph and Stereoscope Collection, Book Arts, Archives, \u0026amp; Rare Books, Boatwright Memorial Library, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Box Number, Folder Number], MS-48, Stereograph and Stereoscope Collection, Book Arts, Archives, \u0026 Rare Books, Boatwright Memorial Library, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDescription information in finding aid drawn from content on stereograph cards.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Description information in finding aid drawn from content on stereograph cards."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a stereoscope viewer and stereograph cards documenting a variety of content, including the 1893 Columbian Exposition and various international locations.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains a stereoscope viewer and stereograph cards documenting a variety of content, including the 1893 Columbian Exposition and various international locations."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright restrictions may apply.  Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright.  Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright restrictions may apply.  Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright.  Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"corpname_ssim":["University of Richmond"],"names_ssim":["University of Richmond"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":38,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:47:27.798Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viur_repositories_4_resources_156","ead_ssi":"viur_repositories_4_resources_156","_root_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_156","_nest_parent_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_156","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/RICH/repositories_4_resources_156.xml","title_ssm":["Stereograph and Stereoscope Collection"],"title_tesim":["Stereograph and Stereoscope Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1893-1929 and undated"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1893-1929 and undated"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1893/1929"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Stereograph and Stereoscope Collection, 1893/1929"],"text":["Stereograph and Stereoscope Collection, 1893/1929","MS.48","/repositories/4/resources/156","Chicago, IL","Japan","World's Columbian Exposition (1893 : Chicago, Ill.)","Stereographs","Stereoscope","There are no restrictions on accessing material in this collection.","The collection is divided into 2 series:\n\nSeries 1: Stereograph Cards\nSeries 2: Stereoscope","As photography came of age in the 19th century, one of the popular formats during the latter part of the century was the stereoscope. Stereograph cards contained two identical images of the same subject placed next to each other designed to be viewed through the stereoscope to create the illusion of three-dimensional views. Stereoscopes became a popular entertainment with images showcasing international locations and topics of interest to both entertain and educate viewers.","For more information, see the Library of Congress' Stereograph Cards \u0026 Collection website.","Description information in finding aid drawn from content on stereograph cards.","This collection contains a stereoscope viewer and stereograph cards documenting a variety of content, including the 1893 Columbian Exposition and various international locations.","Copyright restrictions may apply.  Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright.  Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.","University of Richmond","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Stereograph and Stereoscope Collection, 1893/1929"],"collection_ssim":["Stereograph and Stereoscope Collection, 1893/1929"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.48","/repositories/4/resources/156"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.48","/repositories/4/resources/156"],"repository_ssm":["University of Richmond"],"repository_ssim":["University of Richmond"],"geogname_ssm":["Chicago, IL","Japan","World's Columbian Exposition (1893 : Chicago, Ill.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Chicago, IL","Japan","World's Columbian Exposition (1893 : Chicago, Ill.)"],"places_ssim":["Chicago, IL","Japan","World's Columbian Exposition (1893 : Chicago, Ill.)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["University of Richmond"],"creators_ssim":["University of Richmond"],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright restrictions may apply.  Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright.  Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased at auction, 2014."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Stereographs","Stereoscope"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Stereographs","Stereoscope"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["1 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Stereographs","Stereoscope"],"date_range_isim":[1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions on accessing material in this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions on accessing material in this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into 2 series:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSeries 1: Stereograph Cards\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSeries 2: Stereoscope\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is divided into 2 series:\n\nSeries 1: Stereograph Cards\nSeries 2: Stereoscope"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAs photography came of age in the 19th century, one of the popular formats during the latter part of the century was the stereoscope. Stereograph cards contained two identical images of the same subject placed next to each other designed to be viewed through the stereoscope to create the illusion of three-dimensional views. Stereoscopes became a popular entertainment with images showcasing international locations and topics of interest to both entertain and educate viewers.  \n \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor more information, see the Library of Congress' Stereograph Cards \u0026amp; Collection \u003ca href=\"https://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/stereo/background.html\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ewebsite\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["As photography came of age in the 19th century, one of the popular formats during the latter part of the century was the stereoscope. Stereograph cards contained two identical images of the same subject placed next to each other designed to be viewed through the stereoscope to create the illusion of three-dimensional views. Stereoscopes became a popular entertainment with images showcasing international locations and topics of interest to both entertain and educate viewers.","For more information, see the Library of Congress' Stereograph Cards \u0026 Collection website."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Box Number, Folder Number], MS-48, Stereograph and Stereoscope Collection, Book Arts, Archives, \u0026amp; Rare Books, Boatwright Memorial Library, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Box Number, Folder Number], MS-48, Stereograph and Stereoscope Collection, Book Arts, Archives, \u0026 Rare Books, Boatwright Memorial Library, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDescription information in finding aid drawn from content on stereograph cards.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Description information in finding aid drawn from content on stereograph cards."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a stereoscope viewer and stereograph cards documenting a variety of content, including the 1893 Columbian Exposition and various international locations.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains a stereoscope viewer and stereograph cards documenting a variety of content, including the 1893 Columbian Exposition and various international locations."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright restrictions may apply.  Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright.  Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright restrictions may apply.  Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright.  Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"corpname_ssim":["University of Richmond"],"names_ssim":["University of Richmond"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":38,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:47:27.798Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viur_repositories_4_resources_156"}},{"id":"viur_repositories_4_resources_38","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"World War II Correspondence Collection, 1857/1966, bulk 1940/1945","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viur_repositories_4_resources_38#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This collection contains more than 700 letters, the vast majority dating to World War II between 1940 and 1945. Each of the first five series deal with numerous letters to/from a primary correspondent, whether husband and wife, family members, or varying levels of acquaintance that date between 1940 and 1945. The final two series contain correspondence and ephemera unrelated to World War II that was included in the collection when purchased.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viur_repositories_4_resources_38#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viur_repositories_4_resources_38","ead_ssi":"viur_repositories_4_resources_38","_root_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_38","_nest_parent_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_38","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/RICH/repositories_4_resources_38.xml","title_ssm":["World War II Correspondence Collection"],"title_tesim":["World War II Correspondence Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1857-1966","1940-1945"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1857-1966"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1940-1945"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1857/1966, bulk 1940/1945"],"normalized_title_ssm":["World War II Correspondence Collection, 1857/1966, bulk 1940/1945"],"text":["World War II Correspondence Collection, 1857/1966, bulk 1940/1945","MS-32","/repositories/4/resources/38","World War, 1939-1945","Tintype","Personal correspondence","Photographs","This collection is arranged into 7 series:","Series I: George \u0026 Mary (Zyla) Orlikowski Letters\nSeries II: Dorothy \"Dot\" Raynham Letters\nSeries III: Parrish Family Letters\nSeries IV: Wally and Ann Wrobel Letters\nSeries V: Other World War II Letters\nSeries VI: Other Letters\nSeries VII: Ephemera","The bulk of these letters were written between 1940 and 1945 by servicemen from various branches of the armed forces during World War II. Because of the number of correspondents and the lack of additional biographical materials, any information located during processing is described in the individual series in the scope and content note. Additionally, the collection arrived containing letters predating and unrelated to World War II, many lacking names, dates, or other identifying information, as well as a few items of unrelated ephemera. Taken individually or as a whole, the World War II letters in this collection provide intimate access to the lives and experiences of several individuals throughout the course of the war.","The collection arrived as a single unit of materials mixed together. The processor decided to separate into individual correspondents and organize the collection by correspondent and then chronologically.","Processed by Lynda Kachurek.","MS-8 World War I \u0026 II Pamphlets Collection.","Series I, George \u0026 Mary (Zyla) Orlikowski Letters, contains over 230 letters written by George Orlikowski to his girlfriend, and later wife, Mary Zyla Orlikowski. Dating between July 1942 and March 1945, the series traces Orlikowski's wartime activities as well as what was happening on the home front. Family concerns and military life dominate the writings, but they also offer views into larger wartime concerns of both military and life on the home front.  Additionally, there are many examples of humorous envelopes and letterhead. In one letter from December 1944, as George's unit is preparing to ship out to the Pacific, he creates a code based on his salutations so that Mary can track his location without the censor's knowledge. Overall, these letters create a nearly complete and compelling story of a Midwestern couple during World War II.","Series II, Dorothy \"Dot\" Raynham Letters, contains 152 letters written to Dorothy \"Dot\" Raynham between 1941 and 1944 from a variety of correspondents. A student at Millsaps College at the time, Dorothy lived in Jackson, Mississippi. Between 1943 and 1945, Millsaps was home to the V-12 Navy College Training Program, which may help explain how she connected with many of her letter writers. One notable correspondent is Jack Devore Dunn, whose 52 letters include information about his service with the Army Air Corps South Pacific campaign, including his participation with his B-26 crew in the Battle of Midway. Dunn received both the Distinguished Service Cross and the Distinguished Flying Cross. There are also 9 letters from Jack's mother, Mrs. Betty Uhlorn. Other correspondents included men serving in the Naval Reserve, the Marine Corps, and the Army. Overall, the letters in this series offer a wide-ranging and diverse perspective on military service throughout World War II as well as a sense of what life on the home-front was like for a female college student. Raynham married William C. Fullilove on June 6, 1944, and died in October 1967.","Series III, Parrish Family Letters, contains 88 letters from and about the W.R. Parrish family of North Carolina. Beginning in 1914, the correspondence runs through the end of 1943, with some gaps in the timeline.  Many of the letters are written from W.R. Parrish or his daughter, \"Lib\" to Lillian [Mrs. W.R.] Parrish, and cover business concerns, family life, and some coverage of the war in letters from the wartime years.","Series IV, Walter \"Wally\" and Ann Wrobel Letters, contains 109 letters primarily from Wally Wrobel, with some from his wife, Ann, to his parents, Mr. and Mrs. Jacob Wrobel, of Chicago, Illinois. Beginning in August 1943, when Wrobel was a private in the U.S. Army stationed at Camp Wheeler, Georgia, the letters follow his career across several different locations where, occasionally, Ann was able to join him. Many of the letters focus on the home front, discussing his parents' lives as well as things going on with his wife and, eventually, his young daughter. Early in 1944, his correspondence switches as his military activities increase and by Fall 1944, he makes brief mentions of being near New Guinea and later the Philippines. He occasionally mentions battles or other military activities, but usually his correspondence is more about the weather or activities at home. The last letter in the series was written on May 13, 1945, just one day before, according to military records, he died in action on May 14.","Series V, Other World War II Letters, contains three smaller sets of unrelated correspondence concerning World War II. The first set contains 92 letters written by Paul Dobin to Charlotte Gibbs. Between March 1 and July 23, 1944, he wrote nearly every day, talking of his life in the Navy as well as encouraging her in schoolwork, family matters, and eventually planning their wedding. Further research showed that Gibbs and her family were German Jewish immigrants having arrived in the United States in 1934. The second set of letters were written by Davis Lee, serving in the Navy, to his wife, Georgia, of Martinsville, Virginia, between mid-November 1944 and January 1945. Most of the 11 letters are trying to arrange plans for a furlough visit and telling how much he misses her. The third set contains 7 letters from Private Ray Trapp to his parents, Mr. \u0026 Mrs. Ray Trapp of Berea, Ohio, in April and May 1945, describing his activities during the end of the war in Germany.","Series VI, Other Letters, contains 26 folders of letters unrelated to World War II. Dating between 1857 and 1947, these often single letters contain a wide variety of information, including business advertisements, wedding announcements, and general correspondence from many areas. One of the more intriguing sets can be found in Box 2, File 16, which contains 3 letters from a Dutch Navy officer, known only as John/Jake, to Frances Pogue of Cincinnati, Ohio. Written while at sea in 1916 and later from his hospital bed in 1918, the author talks of books read and his experiences during the Great War. Box 2, File 29, may also be of interest as it contains a handwritten advertisement for a wife by an unknown male.","Series VII, Ephemera, contains 3 folders of items that are not correspondence. The first is a Latin notebook, which also contains newspaper clippings about London society. The second and third contain photographic materials.","Copyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright.  Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.","This collection contains more than 700 letters, the vast majority dating to World War II between 1940 and 1945. Each of the first five series deal with numerous letters to/from a primary correspondent, whether husband and wife, family members, or varying levels of acquaintance that date between 1940 and 1945. The final two series contain correspondence and ephemera unrelated to World War II that was included in the collection when purchased.","University of Richmond","English\n      Latin"],"collection_title_tesim":["World War II Correspondence Collection, 1857/1966, bulk 1940/1945"],"collection_ssim":["World War II Correspondence Collection, 1857/1966, bulk 1940/1945"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS-32","/repositories/4/resources/38"],"unitid_tesim":["MS-32","/repositories/4/resources/38"],"repository_ssm":["University of Richmond"],"repository_ssim":["University of Richmond"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["University of Richmond"],"creators_ssim":["University of Richmond"],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright.  Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased at auction."],"access_subjects_ssim":["World War, 1939-1945","Tintype","Personal correspondence","Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["World War, 1939-1945","Tintype","Personal correspondence","Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.5 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["1.5 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Personal correspondence","Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into 7 series:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries I: George \u0026amp; Mary (Zyla) Orlikowski Letters\u003cbr\u003e\nSeries II: Dorothy \"Dot\" Raynham Letters\u003cbr\u003e\nSeries III: Parrish Family Letters\u003cbr\u003e\nSeries IV: Wally and Ann Wrobel Letters\u003cbr\u003e\nSeries V: Other World War II Letters\u003cbr\u003e\nSeries VI: Other Letters\u003cbr\u003e\nSeries VII: Ephemera\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into 7 series:","Series I: George \u0026 Mary (Zyla) Orlikowski Letters\nSeries II: Dorothy \"Dot\" Raynham Letters\nSeries III: Parrish Family Letters\nSeries IV: Wally and Ann Wrobel Letters\nSeries V: Other World War II Letters\nSeries VI: Other Letters\nSeries VII: Ephemera"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of these letters were written between 1940 and 1945 by servicemen from various branches of the armed forces during World War II. Because of the number of correspondents and the lack of additional biographical materials, any information located during processing is described in the individual series in the scope and content note. Additionally, the collection arrived containing letters predating and unrelated to World War II, many lacking names, dates, or other identifying information, as well as a few items of unrelated ephemera. Taken individually or as a whole, the World War II letters in this collection provide intimate access to the lives and experiences of several individuals throughout the course of the war.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The bulk of these letters were written between 1940 and 1945 by servicemen from various branches of the armed forces during World War II. Because of the number of correspondents and the lack of additional biographical materials, any information located during processing is described in the individual series in the scope and content note. Additionally, the collection arrived containing letters predating and unrelated to World War II, many lacking names, dates, or other identifying information, as well as a few items of unrelated ephemera. Taken individually or as a whole, the World War II letters in this collection provide intimate access to the lives and experiences of several individuals throughout the course of the war."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Box Number, Folder Number], MS-32, WWII Correspondence Collection, Book Arts, Archives, \u0026amp; Rare Books, Boatwright Memorial Library, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Box Number, Folder Number], MS-32, WWII Correspondence Collection, Book Arts, Archives, \u0026 Rare Books, Boatwright Memorial Library, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection arrived as a single unit of materials mixed together. The processor decided to separate into individual correspondents and organize the collection by correspondent and then chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Lynda Kachurek.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The collection arrived as a single unit of materials mixed together. The processor decided to separate into individual correspondents and organize the collection by correspondent and then chronologically.","Processed by Lynda Kachurek."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://archives.richmond.edu/repositories/4/resources/6\"\u003eMS-8 World War I \u0026amp; II Pamphlets Collection\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["MS-8 World War I \u0026 II Pamphlets Collection."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I, George \u0026amp; Mary (Zyla) Orlikowski Letters, contains over 230 letters written by George Orlikowski to his girlfriend, and later wife, Mary Zyla Orlikowski. Dating between July 1942 and March 1945, the series traces Orlikowski's wartime activities as well as what was happening on the home front. Family concerns and military life dominate the writings, but they also offer views into larger wartime concerns of both military and life on the home front.  Additionally, there are many examples of humorous envelopes and letterhead. In one letter from December 1944, as George's unit is preparing to ship out to the Pacific, he creates a code based on his salutations so that Mary can track his location without the censor's knowledge. Overall, these letters create a nearly complete and compelling story of a Midwestern couple during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries II, Dorothy \"Dot\" Raynham Letters, contains 152 letters written to Dorothy \"Dot\" Raynham between 1941 and 1944 from a variety of correspondents. A student at Millsaps College at the time, Dorothy lived in Jackson, Mississippi. Between 1943 and 1945, Millsaps was home to the V-12 Navy College Training Program, which may help explain how she connected with many of her letter writers. One notable correspondent is Jack Devore Dunn, whose 52 letters include information about his service with the Army Air Corps South Pacific campaign, including his participation with his B-26 crew in the Battle of Midway. Dunn received both the Distinguished Service Cross and the Distinguished Flying Cross. There are also 9 letters from Jack's mother, Mrs. Betty Uhlorn. Other correspondents included men serving in the Naval Reserve, the Marine Corps, and the Army. Overall, the letters in this series offer a wide-ranging and diverse perspective on military service throughout World War II as well as a sense of what life on the home-front was like for a female college student. Raynham married William C. Fullilove on June 6, 1944, and died in October 1967.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries III, Parrish Family Letters, contains 88 letters from and about the W.R. Parrish family of North Carolina. Beginning in 1914, the correspondence runs through the end of 1943, with some gaps in the timeline.  Many of the letters are written from W.R. Parrish or his daughter, \"Lib\" to Lillian [Mrs. W.R.] Parrish, and cover business concerns, family life, and some coverage of the war in letters from the wartime years.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV, Walter \"Wally\" and Ann Wrobel Letters, contains 109 letters primarily from Wally Wrobel, with some from his wife, Ann, to his parents, Mr. and Mrs. Jacob Wrobel, of Chicago, Illinois. Beginning in August 1943, when Wrobel was a private in the U.S. Army stationed at Camp Wheeler, Georgia, the letters follow his career across several different locations where, occasionally, Ann was able to join him. Many of the letters focus on the home front, discussing his parents' lives as well as things going on with his wife and, eventually, his young daughter. Early in 1944, his correspondence switches as his military activities increase and by Fall 1944, he makes brief mentions of being near New Guinea and later the Philippines. He occasionally mentions battles or other military activities, but usually his correspondence is more about the weather or activities at home. The last letter in the series was written on May 13, 1945, just one day before, according to military records, he died in action on May 14.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries V, Other World War II Letters, contains three smaller sets of unrelated correspondence concerning World War II. The first set contains 92 letters written by Paul Dobin to Charlotte Gibbs. Between March 1 and July 23, 1944, he wrote nearly every day, talking of his life in the Navy as well as encouraging her in schoolwork, family matters, and eventually planning their wedding. Further research showed that Gibbs and her family were German Jewish immigrants having arrived in the United States in 1934. The second set of letters were written by Davis Lee, serving in the Navy, to his wife, Georgia, of Martinsville, Virginia, between mid-November 1944 and January 1945. Most of the 11 letters are trying to arrange plans for a furlough visit and telling how much he misses her. The third set contains 7 letters from Private Ray Trapp to his parents, Mr. \u0026amp; Mrs. Ray Trapp of Berea, Ohio, in April and May 1945, describing his activities during the end of the war in Germany.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries VI, Other Letters, contains 26 folders of letters unrelated to World War II. Dating between 1857 and 1947, these often single letters contain a wide variety of information, including business advertisements, wedding announcements, and general correspondence from many areas. One of the more intriguing sets can be found in Box 2, File 16, which contains 3 letters from a Dutch Navy officer, known only as John/Jake, to Frances Pogue of Cincinnati, Ohio. Written while at sea in 1916 and later from his hospital bed in 1918, the author talks of books read and his experiences during the Great War. Box 2, File 29, may also be of interest as it contains a handwritten advertisement for a wife by an unknown male.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries VII, Ephemera, contains 3 folders of items that are not correspondence. The first is a Latin notebook, which also contains newspaper clippings about London society. The second and third contain photographic materials.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Series I, George \u0026 Mary (Zyla) Orlikowski Letters, contains over 230 letters written by George Orlikowski to his girlfriend, and later wife, Mary Zyla Orlikowski. Dating between July 1942 and March 1945, the series traces Orlikowski's wartime activities as well as what was happening on the home front. Family concerns and military life dominate the writings, but they also offer views into larger wartime concerns of both military and life on the home front.  Additionally, there are many examples of humorous envelopes and letterhead. In one letter from December 1944, as George's unit is preparing to ship out to the Pacific, he creates a code based on his salutations so that Mary can track his location without the censor's knowledge. Overall, these letters create a nearly complete and compelling story of a Midwestern couple during World War II.","Series II, Dorothy \"Dot\" Raynham Letters, contains 152 letters written to Dorothy \"Dot\" Raynham between 1941 and 1944 from a variety of correspondents. A student at Millsaps College at the time, Dorothy lived in Jackson, Mississippi. Between 1943 and 1945, Millsaps was home to the V-12 Navy College Training Program, which may help explain how she connected with many of her letter writers. One notable correspondent is Jack Devore Dunn, whose 52 letters include information about his service with the Army Air Corps South Pacific campaign, including his participation with his B-26 crew in the Battle of Midway. Dunn received both the Distinguished Service Cross and the Distinguished Flying Cross. There are also 9 letters from Jack's mother, Mrs. Betty Uhlorn. Other correspondents included men serving in the Naval Reserve, the Marine Corps, and the Army. Overall, the letters in this series offer a wide-ranging and diverse perspective on military service throughout World War II as well as a sense of what life on the home-front was like for a female college student. Raynham married William C. Fullilove on June 6, 1944, and died in October 1967.","Series III, Parrish Family Letters, contains 88 letters from and about the W.R. Parrish family of North Carolina. Beginning in 1914, the correspondence runs through the end of 1943, with some gaps in the timeline.  Many of the letters are written from W.R. Parrish or his daughter, \"Lib\" to Lillian [Mrs. W.R.] Parrish, and cover business concerns, family life, and some coverage of the war in letters from the wartime years.","Series IV, Walter \"Wally\" and Ann Wrobel Letters, contains 109 letters primarily from Wally Wrobel, with some from his wife, Ann, to his parents, Mr. and Mrs. Jacob Wrobel, of Chicago, Illinois. Beginning in August 1943, when Wrobel was a private in the U.S. Army stationed at Camp Wheeler, Georgia, the letters follow his career across several different locations where, occasionally, Ann was able to join him. Many of the letters focus on the home front, discussing his parents' lives as well as things going on with his wife and, eventually, his young daughter. Early in 1944, his correspondence switches as his military activities increase and by Fall 1944, he makes brief mentions of being near New Guinea and later the Philippines. He occasionally mentions battles or other military activities, but usually his correspondence is more about the weather or activities at home. The last letter in the series was written on May 13, 1945, just one day before, according to military records, he died in action on May 14.","Series V, Other World War II Letters, contains three smaller sets of unrelated correspondence concerning World War II. The first set contains 92 letters written by Paul Dobin to Charlotte Gibbs. Between March 1 and July 23, 1944, he wrote nearly every day, talking of his life in the Navy as well as encouraging her in schoolwork, family matters, and eventually planning their wedding. Further research showed that Gibbs and her family were German Jewish immigrants having arrived in the United States in 1934. The second set of letters were written by Davis Lee, serving in the Navy, to his wife, Georgia, of Martinsville, Virginia, between mid-November 1944 and January 1945. Most of the 11 letters are trying to arrange plans for a furlough visit and telling how much he misses her. The third set contains 7 letters from Private Ray Trapp to his parents, Mr. \u0026 Mrs. Ray Trapp of Berea, Ohio, in April and May 1945, describing his activities during the end of the war in Germany.","Series VI, Other Letters, contains 26 folders of letters unrelated to World War II. Dating between 1857 and 1947, these often single letters contain a wide variety of information, including business advertisements, wedding announcements, and general correspondence from many areas. One of the more intriguing sets can be found in Box 2, File 16, which contains 3 letters from a Dutch Navy officer, known only as John/Jake, to Frances Pogue of Cincinnati, Ohio. Written while at sea in 1916 and later from his hospital bed in 1918, the author talks of books read and his experiences during the Great War. Box 2, File 29, may also be of interest as it contains a handwritten advertisement for a wife by an unknown male.","Series VII, Ephemera, contains 3 folders of items that are not correspondence. The first is a Latin notebook, which also contains newspaper clippings about London society. The second and third contain photographic materials."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright.  Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright.  Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_761d0ce1744499313f9e75922fe1f1e2\"\u003eThis collection contains more than 700 letters, the vast majority dating to World War II between 1940 and 1945. Each of the first five series deal with numerous letters to/from a primary correspondent, whether husband and wife, family members, or varying levels of acquaintance that date between 1940 and 1945. The final two series contain correspondence and ephemera unrelated to World War II that was included in the collection when purchased.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains more than 700 letters, the vast majority dating to World War II between 1940 and 1945. Each of the first five series deal with numerous letters to/from a primary correspondent, whether husband and wife, family members, or varying levels of acquaintance that date between 1940 and 1945. The final two series contain correspondence and ephemera unrelated to World War II that was included in the collection when purchased."],"corpname_ssim":["University of Richmond"],"names_ssim":["University of Richmond"],"language_ssim":["English\n      Latin"],"total_component_count_is":86,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:47:27.798Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viur_repositories_4_resources_38","ead_ssi":"viur_repositories_4_resources_38","_root_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_38","_nest_parent_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_38","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/RICH/repositories_4_resources_38.xml","title_ssm":["World War II Correspondence Collection"],"title_tesim":["World War II Correspondence Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1857-1966","1940-1945"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1857-1966"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1940-1945"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1857/1966, bulk 1940/1945"],"normalized_title_ssm":["World War II Correspondence Collection, 1857/1966, bulk 1940/1945"],"text":["World War II Correspondence Collection, 1857/1966, bulk 1940/1945","MS-32","/repositories/4/resources/38","World War, 1939-1945","Tintype","Personal correspondence","Photographs","This collection is arranged into 7 series:","Series I: George \u0026 Mary (Zyla) Orlikowski Letters\nSeries II: Dorothy \"Dot\" Raynham Letters\nSeries III: Parrish Family Letters\nSeries IV: Wally and Ann Wrobel Letters\nSeries V: Other World War II Letters\nSeries VI: Other Letters\nSeries VII: Ephemera","The bulk of these letters were written between 1940 and 1945 by servicemen from various branches of the armed forces during World War II. Because of the number of correspondents and the lack of additional biographical materials, any information located during processing is described in the individual series in the scope and content note. Additionally, the collection arrived containing letters predating and unrelated to World War II, many lacking names, dates, or other identifying information, as well as a few items of unrelated ephemera. Taken individually or as a whole, the World War II letters in this collection provide intimate access to the lives and experiences of several individuals throughout the course of the war.","The collection arrived as a single unit of materials mixed together. The processor decided to separate into individual correspondents and organize the collection by correspondent and then chronologically.","Processed by Lynda Kachurek.","MS-8 World War I \u0026 II Pamphlets Collection.","Series I, George \u0026 Mary (Zyla) Orlikowski Letters, contains over 230 letters written by George Orlikowski to his girlfriend, and later wife, Mary Zyla Orlikowski. Dating between July 1942 and March 1945, the series traces Orlikowski's wartime activities as well as what was happening on the home front. Family concerns and military life dominate the writings, but they also offer views into larger wartime concerns of both military and life on the home front.  Additionally, there are many examples of humorous envelopes and letterhead. In one letter from December 1944, as George's unit is preparing to ship out to the Pacific, he creates a code based on his salutations so that Mary can track his location without the censor's knowledge. Overall, these letters create a nearly complete and compelling story of a Midwestern couple during World War II.","Series II, Dorothy \"Dot\" Raynham Letters, contains 152 letters written to Dorothy \"Dot\" Raynham between 1941 and 1944 from a variety of correspondents. A student at Millsaps College at the time, Dorothy lived in Jackson, Mississippi. Between 1943 and 1945, Millsaps was home to the V-12 Navy College Training Program, which may help explain how she connected with many of her letter writers. One notable correspondent is Jack Devore Dunn, whose 52 letters include information about his service with the Army Air Corps South Pacific campaign, including his participation with his B-26 crew in the Battle of Midway. Dunn received both the Distinguished Service Cross and the Distinguished Flying Cross. There are also 9 letters from Jack's mother, Mrs. Betty Uhlorn. Other correspondents included men serving in the Naval Reserve, the Marine Corps, and the Army. Overall, the letters in this series offer a wide-ranging and diverse perspective on military service throughout World War II as well as a sense of what life on the home-front was like for a female college student. Raynham married William C. Fullilove on June 6, 1944, and died in October 1967.","Series III, Parrish Family Letters, contains 88 letters from and about the W.R. Parrish family of North Carolina. Beginning in 1914, the correspondence runs through the end of 1943, with some gaps in the timeline.  Many of the letters are written from W.R. Parrish or his daughter, \"Lib\" to Lillian [Mrs. W.R.] Parrish, and cover business concerns, family life, and some coverage of the war in letters from the wartime years.","Series IV, Walter \"Wally\" and Ann Wrobel Letters, contains 109 letters primarily from Wally Wrobel, with some from his wife, Ann, to his parents, Mr. and Mrs. Jacob Wrobel, of Chicago, Illinois. Beginning in August 1943, when Wrobel was a private in the U.S. Army stationed at Camp Wheeler, Georgia, the letters follow his career across several different locations where, occasionally, Ann was able to join him. Many of the letters focus on the home front, discussing his parents' lives as well as things going on with his wife and, eventually, his young daughter. Early in 1944, his correspondence switches as his military activities increase and by Fall 1944, he makes brief mentions of being near New Guinea and later the Philippines. He occasionally mentions battles or other military activities, but usually his correspondence is more about the weather or activities at home. The last letter in the series was written on May 13, 1945, just one day before, according to military records, he died in action on May 14.","Series V, Other World War II Letters, contains three smaller sets of unrelated correspondence concerning World War II. The first set contains 92 letters written by Paul Dobin to Charlotte Gibbs. Between March 1 and July 23, 1944, he wrote nearly every day, talking of his life in the Navy as well as encouraging her in schoolwork, family matters, and eventually planning their wedding. Further research showed that Gibbs and her family were German Jewish immigrants having arrived in the United States in 1934. The second set of letters were written by Davis Lee, serving in the Navy, to his wife, Georgia, of Martinsville, Virginia, between mid-November 1944 and January 1945. Most of the 11 letters are trying to arrange plans for a furlough visit and telling how much he misses her. The third set contains 7 letters from Private Ray Trapp to his parents, Mr. \u0026 Mrs. Ray Trapp of Berea, Ohio, in April and May 1945, describing his activities during the end of the war in Germany.","Series VI, Other Letters, contains 26 folders of letters unrelated to World War II. Dating between 1857 and 1947, these often single letters contain a wide variety of information, including business advertisements, wedding announcements, and general correspondence from many areas. One of the more intriguing sets can be found in Box 2, File 16, which contains 3 letters from a Dutch Navy officer, known only as John/Jake, to Frances Pogue of Cincinnati, Ohio. Written while at sea in 1916 and later from his hospital bed in 1918, the author talks of books read and his experiences during the Great War. Box 2, File 29, may also be of interest as it contains a handwritten advertisement for a wife by an unknown male.","Series VII, Ephemera, contains 3 folders of items that are not correspondence. The first is a Latin notebook, which also contains newspaper clippings about London society. The second and third contain photographic materials.","Copyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright.  Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.","This collection contains more than 700 letters, the vast majority dating to World War II between 1940 and 1945. Each of the first five series deal with numerous letters to/from a primary correspondent, whether husband and wife, family members, or varying levels of acquaintance that date between 1940 and 1945. The final two series contain correspondence and ephemera unrelated to World War II that was included in the collection when purchased.","University of Richmond","English\n      Latin"],"collection_title_tesim":["World War II Correspondence Collection, 1857/1966, bulk 1940/1945"],"collection_ssim":["World War II Correspondence Collection, 1857/1966, bulk 1940/1945"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS-32","/repositories/4/resources/38"],"unitid_tesim":["MS-32","/repositories/4/resources/38"],"repository_ssm":["University of Richmond"],"repository_ssim":["University of Richmond"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["University of Richmond"],"creators_ssim":["University of Richmond"],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright.  Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased at auction."],"access_subjects_ssim":["World War, 1939-1945","Tintype","Personal correspondence","Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["World War, 1939-1945","Tintype","Personal correspondence","Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.5 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["1.5 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Personal correspondence","Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into 7 series:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries I: George \u0026amp; Mary (Zyla) Orlikowski Letters\u003cbr\u003e\nSeries II: Dorothy \"Dot\" Raynham Letters\u003cbr\u003e\nSeries III: Parrish Family Letters\u003cbr\u003e\nSeries IV: Wally and Ann Wrobel Letters\u003cbr\u003e\nSeries V: Other World War II Letters\u003cbr\u003e\nSeries VI: Other Letters\u003cbr\u003e\nSeries VII: Ephemera\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into 7 series:","Series I: George \u0026 Mary (Zyla) Orlikowski Letters\nSeries II: Dorothy \"Dot\" Raynham Letters\nSeries III: Parrish Family Letters\nSeries IV: Wally and Ann Wrobel Letters\nSeries V: Other World War II Letters\nSeries VI: Other Letters\nSeries VII: Ephemera"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of these letters were written between 1940 and 1945 by servicemen from various branches of the armed forces during World War II. Because of the number of correspondents and the lack of additional biographical materials, any information located during processing is described in the individual series in the scope and content note. Additionally, the collection arrived containing letters predating and unrelated to World War II, many lacking names, dates, or other identifying information, as well as a few items of unrelated ephemera. Taken individually or as a whole, the World War II letters in this collection provide intimate access to the lives and experiences of several individuals throughout the course of the war.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The bulk of these letters were written between 1940 and 1945 by servicemen from various branches of the armed forces during World War II. Because of the number of correspondents and the lack of additional biographical materials, any information located during processing is described in the individual series in the scope and content note. Additionally, the collection arrived containing letters predating and unrelated to World War II, many lacking names, dates, or other identifying information, as well as a few items of unrelated ephemera. Taken individually or as a whole, the World War II letters in this collection provide intimate access to the lives and experiences of several individuals throughout the course of the war."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Box Number, Folder Number], MS-32, WWII Correspondence Collection, Book Arts, Archives, \u0026amp; Rare Books, Boatwright Memorial Library, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Box Number, Folder Number], MS-32, WWII Correspondence Collection, Book Arts, Archives, \u0026 Rare Books, Boatwright Memorial Library, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection arrived as a single unit of materials mixed together. The processor decided to separate into individual correspondents and organize the collection by correspondent and then chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Lynda Kachurek.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The collection arrived as a single unit of materials mixed together. The processor decided to separate into individual correspondents and organize the collection by correspondent and then chronologically.","Processed by Lynda Kachurek."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://archives.richmond.edu/repositories/4/resources/6\"\u003eMS-8 World War I \u0026amp; II Pamphlets Collection\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["MS-8 World War I \u0026 II Pamphlets Collection."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I, George \u0026amp; Mary (Zyla) Orlikowski Letters, contains over 230 letters written by George Orlikowski to his girlfriend, and later wife, Mary Zyla Orlikowski. Dating between July 1942 and March 1945, the series traces Orlikowski's wartime activities as well as what was happening on the home front. Family concerns and military life dominate the writings, but they also offer views into larger wartime concerns of both military and life on the home front.  Additionally, there are many examples of humorous envelopes and letterhead. In one letter from December 1944, as George's unit is preparing to ship out to the Pacific, he creates a code based on his salutations so that Mary can track his location without the censor's knowledge. Overall, these letters create a nearly complete and compelling story of a Midwestern couple during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries II, Dorothy \"Dot\" Raynham Letters, contains 152 letters written to Dorothy \"Dot\" Raynham between 1941 and 1944 from a variety of correspondents. A student at Millsaps College at the time, Dorothy lived in Jackson, Mississippi. Between 1943 and 1945, Millsaps was home to the V-12 Navy College Training Program, which may help explain how she connected with many of her letter writers. One notable correspondent is Jack Devore Dunn, whose 52 letters include information about his service with the Army Air Corps South Pacific campaign, including his participation with his B-26 crew in the Battle of Midway. Dunn received both the Distinguished Service Cross and the Distinguished Flying Cross. There are also 9 letters from Jack's mother, Mrs. Betty Uhlorn. Other correspondents included men serving in the Naval Reserve, the Marine Corps, and the Army. Overall, the letters in this series offer a wide-ranging and diverse perspective on military service throughout World War II as well as a sense of what life on the home-front was like for a female college student. Raynham married William C. Fullilove on June 6, 1944, and died in October 1967.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries III, Parrish Family Letters, contains 88 letters from and about the W.R. Parrish family of North Carolina. Beginning in 1914, the correspondence runs through the end of 1943, with some gaps in the timeline.  Many of the letters are written from W.R. Parrish or his daughter, \"Lib\" to Lillian [Mrs. W.R.] Parrish, and cover business concerns, family life, and some coverage of the war in letters from the wartime years.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV, Walter \"Wally\" and Ann Wrobel Letters, contains 109 letters primarily from Wally Wrobel, with some from his wife, Ann, to his parents, Mr. and Mrs. Jacob Wrobel, of Chicago, Illinois. Beginning in August 1943, when Wrobel was a private in the U.S. Army stationed at Camp Wheeler, Georgia, the letters follow his career across several different locations where, occasionally, Ann was able to join him. Many of the letters focus on the home front, discussing his parents' lives as well as things going on with his wife and, eventually, his young daughter. Early in 1944, his correspondence switches as his military activities increase and by Fall 1944, he makes brief mentions of being near New Guinea and later the Philippines. He occasionally mentions battles or other military activities, but usually his correspondence is more about the weather or activities at home. The last letter in the series was written on May 13, 1945, just one day before, according to military records, he died in action on May 14.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries V, Other World War II Letters, contains three smaller sets of unrelated correspondence concerning World War II. The first set contains 92 letters written by Paul Dobin to Charlotte Gibbs. Between March 1 and July 23, 1944, he wrote nearly every day, talking of his life in the Navy as well as encouraging her in schoolwork, family matters, and eventually planning their wedding. Further research showed that Gibbs and her family were German Jewish immigrants having arrived in the United States in 1934. The second set of letters were written by Davis Lee, serving in the Navy, to his wife, Georgia, of Martinsville, Virginia, between mid-November 1944 and January 1945. Most of the 11 letters are trying to arrange plans for a furlough visit and telling how much he misses her. The third set contains 7 letters from Private Ray Trapp to his parents, Mr. \u0026amp; Mrs. Ray Trapp of Berea, Ohio, in April and May 1945, describing his activities during the end of the war in Germany.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries VI, Other Letters, contains 26 folders of letters unrelated to World War II. Dating between 1857 and 1947, these often single letters contain a wide variety of information, including business advertisements, wedding announcements, and general correspondence from many areas. One of the more intriguing sets can be found in Box 2, File 16, which contains 3 letters from a Dutch Navy officer, known only as John/Jake, to Frances Pogue of Cincinnati, Ohio. Written while at sea in 1916 and later from his hospital bed in 1918, the author talks of books read and his experiences during the Great War. Box 2, File 29, may also be of interest as it contains a handwritten advertisement for a wife by an unknown male.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries VII, Ephemera, contains 3 folders of items that are not correspondence. The first is a Latin notebook, which also contains newspaper clippings about London society. The second and third contain photographic materials.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Series I, George \u0026 Mary (Zyla) Orlikowski Letters, contains over 230 letters written by George Orlikowski to his girlfriend, and later wife, Mary Zyla Orlikowski. Dating between July 1942 and March 1945, the series traces Orlikowski's wartime activities as well as what was happening on the home front. Family concerns and military life dominate the writings, but they also offer views into larger wartime concerns of both military and life on the home front.  Additionally, there are many examples of humorous envelopes and letterhead. In one letter from December 1944, as George's unit is preparing to ship out to the Pacific, he creates a code based on his salutations so that Mary can track his location without the censor's knowledge. Overall, these letters create a nearly complete and compelling story of a Midwestern couple during World War II.","Series II, Dorothy \"Dot\" Raynham Letters, contains 152 letters written to Dorothy \"Dot\" Raynham between 1941 and 1944 from a variety of correspondents. A student at Millsaps College at the time, Dorothy lived in Jackson, Mississippi. Between 1943 and 1945, Millsaps was home to the V-12 Navy College Training Program, which may help explain how she connected with many of her letter writers. One notable correspondent is Jack Devore Dunn, whose 52 letters include information about his service with the Army Air Corps South Pacific campaign, including his participation with his B-26 crew in the Battle of Midway. Dunn received both the Distinguished Service Cross and the Distinguished Flying Cross. There are also 9 letters from Jack's mother, Mrs. Betty Uhlorn. Other correspondents included men serving in the Naval Reserve, the Marine Corps, and the Army. Overall, the letters in this series offer a wide-ranging and diverse perspective on military service throughout World War II as well as a sense of what life on the home-front was like for a female college student. Raynham married William C. Fullilove on June 6, 1944, and died in October 1967.","Series III, Parrish Family Letters, contains 88 letters from and about the W.R. Parrish family of North Carolina. Beginning in 1914, the correspondence runs through the end of 1943, with some gaps in the timeline.  Many of the letters are written from W.R. Parrish or his daughter, \"Lib\" to Lillian [Mrs. W.R.] Parrish, and cover business concerns, family life, and some coverage of the war in letters from the wartime years.","Series IV, Walter \"Wally\" and Ann Wrobel Letters, contains 109 letters primarily from Wally Wrobel, with some from his wife, Ann, to his parents, Mr. and Mrs. Jacob Wrobel, of Chicago, Illinois. Beginning in August 1943, when Wrobel was a private in the U.S. Army stationed at Camp Wheeler, Georgia, the letters follow his career across several different locations where, occasionally, Ann was able to join him. Many of the letters focus on the home front, discussing his parents' lives as well as things going on with his wife and, eventually, his young daughter. Early in 1944, his correspondence switches as his military activities increase and by Fall 1944, he makes brief mentions of being near New Guinea and later the Philippines. He occasionally mentions battles or other military activities, but usually his correspondence is more about the weather or activities at home. The last letter in the series was written on May 13, 1945, just one day before, according to military records, he died in action on May 14.","Series V, Other World War II Letters, contains three smaller sets of unrelated correspondence concerning World War II. The first set contains 92 letters written by Paul Dobin to Charlotte Gibbs. Between March 1 and July 23, 1944, he wrote nearly every day, talking of his life in the Navy as well as encouraging her in schoolwork, family matters, and eventually planning their wedding. Further research showed that Gibbs and her family were German Jewish immigrants having arrived in the United States in 1934. The second set of letters were written by Davis Lee, serving in the Navy, to his wife, Georgia, of Martinsville, Virginia, between mid-November 1944 and January 1945. Most of the 11 letters are trying to arrange plans for a furlough visit and telling how much he misses her. The third set contains 7 letters from Private Ray Trapp to his parents, Mr. \u0026 Mrs. Ray Trapp of Berea, Ohio, in April and May 1945, describing his activities during the end of the war in Germany.","Series VI, Other Letters, contains 26 folders of letters unrelated to World War II. Dating between 1857 and 1947, these often single letters contain a wide variety of information, including business advertisements, wedding announcements, and general correspondence from many areas. One of the more intriguing sets can be found in Box 2, File 16, which contains 3 letters from a Dutch Navy officer, known only as John/Jake, to Frances Pogue of Cincinnati, Ohio. Written while at sea in 1916 and later from his hospital bed in 1918, the author talks of books read and his experiences during the Great War. Box 2, File 29, may also be of interest as it contains a handwritten advertisement for a wife by an unknown male.","Series VII, Ephemera, contains 3 folders of items that are not correspondence. The first is a Latin notebook, which also contains newspaper clippings about London society. The second and third contain photographic materials."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright.  Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright.  Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_761d0ce1744499313f9e75922fe1f1e2\"\u003eThis collection contains more than 700 letters, the vast majority dating to World War II between 1940 and 1945. Each of the first five series deal with numerous letters to/from a primary correspondent, whether husband and wife, family members, or varying levels of acquaintance that date between 1940 and 1945. The final two series contain correspondence and ephemera unrelated to World War II that was included in the collection when purchased.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains more than 700 letters, the vast majority dating to World War II between 1940 and 1945. Each of the first five series deal with numerous letters to/from a primary correspondent, whether husband and wife, family members, or varying levels of acquaintance that date between 1940 and 1945. 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