{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026page=20\u0026view=compact","prev":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026page=19\u0026view=compact","next":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026page=21\u0026view=compact","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026page=1499\u0026view=compact"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":20,"next_page":21,"prev_page":19,"total_pages":1499,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":190,"total_count":14989,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"viu_viu00917_c01_c04_c01","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"A. Bills payable","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_viu00917_c01_c04_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_viu00917_c01_c04_c01","ref_ssm":["viu_viu00917_c01_c04_c01"],"id":"viu_viu00917_c01_c04_c01","ead_ssi":"viu_viu00917","_root_":"viu_viu00917","_nest_parent_":"viu_viu00917_c01_c04","parent_ssi":"viu_viu00917_c01_c04","parent_ssim":["viu_viu00917","viu_viu00917_c01","viu_viu00917_c01_c04"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_viu00917","viu_viu00917_c01","viu_viu00917_c01_c04"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927","Bound Volumes","Bills"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927","Bound Volumes","Bills"],"text":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927","Bound Volumes","Bills","A. Bills payable","7 volumes"],"title_filing_ssi":"A. Bills payable","title_ssm":["A. Bills payable"],"title_tesim":["A. Bills payable"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1882-1916"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1882/1916"],"normalized_title_ssm":["A. Bills payable"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927"],"physdesc_tesim":["7 volumes"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":16,"date_range_isim":[1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#3/components#0","timestamp":"2026-05-21T12:10:02.328Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_viu00917","ead_ssi":"viu_viu00917","_root_":"viu_viu00917","_nest_parent_":"viu_viu00917","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/uva-sc/viu00917.xml","title_ssm":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927"],"title_tesim":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["662"],"text":["662","Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927","95 linear feer + 1200\n         volumes","Stored off-site. Users must request boxes 48 hours in advance of desired use. Neither drop-in nor next-day requests can be fulfilled. For additional information, contact Special Collections. \n","The word \"organization\" is used here with considerable\n         diffidence, for any researcher studying the container list\n         that follows will realize quickly that there is no\n         organization in the usual sense of the word.","As noted under \"Provenance,\" the Low Moor Iron Company\n         papers were subjected to a number of moves; when processing\n         began in the fall of 1976, no discernible scheme of\n         organization could be determined.","The first step was to review the series of coded numbers\n         placed on the bundles of papers before they were moved to\n         the dormitory attic, but these did not provide any sort of\n         useful organization. Next, the spine titles of the original\n         letter boxes were reviewed (they had been copied onto the\n         gray cardboard sheets before the move to the dormitory\n         attic), but they, too, proved useless.","These steps having provided no scheme, and after a\n         considerable hiatus due to a turnover in student processors\n         on the collection, the new student processors were\n         instructed to begin a box-by-box inventory of the contents\n         of the collection. During this inventory, old folders were\n         replaced with acid-free ones, and the original folder\n         headings were copied onto the new ones. Some removal of\n         paper clips was accomplished, and the materials were\n         reviewed and notes taken for the guide.","Some consolidation of materials was accomplished, and in\n         other cases, materials were moved. This work has created\n         some problems in the numbering of the boxes. Thus, the\n         researchers will find boxes marked \"6A\" and \"23C\"; he will\n         also discover that certain box numbers have been entirely\n         omitted. As the box numbers exist only to aid in the\n         location of material, it was not felt that the unusual\n         numbers and the omissions would cause problems in working\n         with the papers.","A certain amount of movement of boxes within the\n         collection, and of materials among boxes, probably would\n         ease use of it. But what processing was accomplished on\n         this project took far longer than had been anticipated, and\n         there was no time in the late spring of 1978, when the\n         processors had to complete their work with the project, to\n         undertake a mass movement of material. Thus, they stand in\n         the order in which we found them at the beginning of the\n         project.","The Low Moor Iron Company, the first producer of pig\n         iron in Virginia according to the company's claims, was a\n         self-contained manufacturing unit producing from its own\n         mines the coal, limestone, and iron ore needed for its iron\n         production. Located in Low Moor near Clifton Forge in\n         Alleghany County in western Virginia, an area rich in\n         mineral deposits, the company was in operation from\n         1872-1930, producing only pig iron; it never attempted to\n         produce finished iron products.","Coal came to the Low Moor furnaces from the Kay Moor\n         Mines at Kay Moor, West Virginia, about thirty miles from\n         Low Moor; limestone was produced from the Low Moor\n         limestone quarries; and iron ore came from the Fenwick,\n         Dolly Ann, Jordan, Rich Patch, Low Moor, and Longdale\n         Mines, most of them within twenty miles of Low Moor at\n         Covington or Clifton Forge.","The towns of Low Moor and Kay Moor were company towns in\n         every respect. Workers lived in company-owned houses,\n         bought food in company stores, worshiped at the company\n         church, saw movies in the company theater, were treated in\n         the company hospital, and were buried in the company\n         cemetery. Workers received part of their pay in scrip that\n         they exchanged for goods and services. According to a\n         statement from the Kay Moor Mines dated November 1904, Kay\n         Moor then employed 338 people, paid them an average wage of\n         $36.26 per month, and issued half of their pay in scrip.\n         Kay Moor had four stores; Low Moor had seven or eight. All\n         of these stores carried large inventories which are\n         detailed in the collection. These inventories are valuable\n         to anyone interested in determining the wants and needs of\n         a coal miner and his family.","In the late 1910's and 1920's Kay Moor had a company\n         theater called the Azure Theater which seated about 300\n         people. There were also plans for a company-owned social\n         center, to have pool tables, a soda fountain, and\n         provisions for dancing and skating. The company was in\n         tough economic straits by the 1920's, however, and there is\n         no evidence that the social center was built. The town of\n         Low Moor was so completely under the company's influence\n         that one of Low Moor Iron Company's assistant managers\n         served as the town sheriff. He often foreclosed on people\n         who did not pay their debts, and drove troublesome people\n         \"out of town on a rail\" as he put it.","The Low Moor Iron Company's fortunes fluctuated during\n         the various business cycles between the years 1880-1930.\n         Low Moor was one of the larger pig iron producers in\n         Virginia, but Virginia pig iron production was not\n         important nationally. Low Moor officials sometimes sold\n         their product themselves, but more often they used agents,\n         the prevalent method at the time. Low Moor Iron Company\n         used a variety of agents through the 1900's. James F. Bryan\n         acted as the exclusive agent for the sale of Kay Moor Coal\n         from September 21, 1903 to September, 1905. From about 1890\n         until about 1910 Dalton Nash and Company were the exclusive\n         eastern agents of Low Moor Iron. After that time the\n         exclusive agency went to Philips Isham and Company located\n         in New York. From about 1890 the western agency was handled\n         chiefly by Thomas Mack and Company. After 1902 Thomas Mack\n         and Company underwent a name change, becoming Walter\n         Wallingford and Company, with offices located in\n         Cincinnati, Pittsburgh, and Chicago.","Perhaps the Low Moor Iron Company's biggest problem over\n         the years was obtaining railroad cars for the\n         transportation of its finished product. Low Moor Iron\n         Company had its own cars for transporting its raw materials\n         among its various facilities. For the long haul necessary\n         for its finished goods, however, it depended upon the\n         services of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad, and the\n         relationship was not always a happy one. The Low Moor\n         Company complained many times to the C \u0026 O Railroad\n         about the discrepancies between long-and shorthaul freight\n         rates. Low Moor also had trouble getting cars from the C\n         \u0026 O. In a letter to one of Low Moor Company's agents\n         from an irate customer dated 1898, the customer wrote: \"We\n         wrote you on Saturday and endeavored to question upon your\n         mind the necessity of taking care of us with Low Moor iron.\n         We are on our uppers--there is not a pound of Low Moor iron\n         in the yard. Of the one hundred tons ordered some time ago,\n         not one pound of it has been received.\" This was, according\n         to the Low Moor Iron Company, because they could not get\n         the railroad cars. In a letter from Thomas Mack and Company\n         dated November 26, 1901, to General Manager E. C. Means:\n         \"We are hopeful that the car supply will get better because\n         of the number of orders you have of ours for prompt\n         shipment. Our customers are complaining that they are not\n         getting the iron fast enough. . . . We hope that the\n         railroad will be able to supply you with empty cars.\" In\n         another letter dated 1916 to John B. Guernsey, then acting\n         General Manager of the Low Moor Iron Company, \"We were not\n         supplied with coke cars for today's loading, and\n         consequently we have been practically down of Kay Moor\n         ovens all day.\"","The problem of procuring labor also plagued the Low Moor\n         Company. The company sometimes tried to hire immigrant\n         laborers and send the men directly to Low Moor from New\n         York City. There were problems with this, as is explained\n         in the following letter dated April 7, 1906: \n          To Mr. George Wickes \n             Supt. of Mines \n             Kay Moor, Virginia \n             Dear George, \n             Tony arrived with twenty one men last night. One\n            got away in Jersey two in Washington D.C., four in\n            Charlottesville. Some of the men are very good looking,\n            but taken as a whole they are the worst lot I have ever\n            seen: Irish, German-Jews, and Italians. . . . Our New\n            York transportations to this place have never been a\n            success. Signed, \n             Ed D. Wickes Supt. of Mines Low Moor usually employed labor agencies, one\n         of which was Atwood's Employment Agency. Often the Low Moor\n         Company would request certain nationalities, believing them\n         to be better workers than others. Sometimes the company\n         would request a gang of twenty made up of \"ten Greeks and\n         ten Italians.\" Many of the immigrants fled Low Moor and Kay\n         Moor when they learned that they would have to work\n         underground. There is a fair amount of material on\n         immigrant labor and its procurement in the collection, and\n         it is noted in the description of the box contents.","Low Moor Iron Company not only had trouble procuring\n         labor, but it also had trouble with labor already employed\n         in the mines and at the factory. Labor dissension and\n         strikes troubled the Kay Moor Mines through the 1900's. The\n         great coal strike of 1902 hurt the Low Moor Company's coal\n         mining operation, but by 1903 things were \"nearly back to\n         normal\" according to the mine superintendent. There was\n         still trouble at Kay Moor Mines, however. In a letter dated\n         April 26, 1906, to the treasurer of Low Moor Company, the\n         manager of the mines wrote about the trouble in \"trying to\n         get the agitators out.\" The mines were seventy-five men\n         short of the total labor force needed because many of the\n         coal miners returned to their farms during the spring.\n         There were rumblings of another strike at Kay Moor, the\n         result of which was to be a fourteen percent increase in\n         wages for the Kay Moor Mine workers via an agreement with\n         the United Mine Workers Union in December.","The Low Moor Iron Company grew along with the rest of\n         Virginia industry in the 1890's and 1900's. Starting with\n         only one furnace in the 1870's, it opened a second furnace\n         at Covington, Virginia, in 1891. In 1911 it opened a third\n         furnace, this time at Low Moor. Covington, with its heavy\n         industry, soon became known as the \"Pittsburgh of\n         Virginia.\" Virginia's pig iron production rose from 9,000\n         short tons in 1870 to 544,034 long tons in 1903. Judging\n         from the Low Moor Company's correspondence, the most\n         prosperous period for the company fell between the years\n         1895-1907. In the years between 1907-1917 problems befell\n         the Virginia pig iron industry. In a letter from William W.\n         Hearns, the president of the Virginia based Princess Pig\n         Iron Company, to U. S. Senator Thomas S. Martin, Hearns\n         writes of the problems of the Virginia pig iron industry:\n         \"There is not a blast furnace in Virginia that is making\n         any money from the manufacture of pig iron. The cause of\n         this is there is an exceedingly low price on pig iron in\n         the country at the present time, and the increased cost of\n         manufacturing is due to the increase in wages in all\n         lines.\" With the outbreak of World War I prices rose\n         dramatically, but in a market report to Low Moor dated\n         November 11, 1916, it was stated that: \"In spite of the\n         high prices, it is not a picnic to be in the iron industry.\n         There is a desperate shortage of cars and equipment in the\n         coal and iron districts, and in consequence there are\n         troubles of all kinds to get materials shipped. The\n         situation has grown serious.\"","When America became involved in the First World War, it\n         meant a boost for the Low Moor Iron Company. The government\n         helped it procure labor, and even helped it repair its\n         furnaces. The problem of supplies and cars for their\n         shipments, however, plagued the company more than ever. It\n         had a good deal of trouble getting all the raw materials it\n         needed due chiefly to the \"tight ship\" run by Harry F.\n         Byrd, Sr., U.S. Fuel Administrator for Virginia. After the\n         war very serious problems began to trouble the Low Moor\n         Iron Company. The demand for iron fell precipitously and a\n         short but severe depression ensued from 1919-1922. The\n         depression seemed to hit the iron industry especially hard.\n         Prices took a huge drop due to the lack of demand, and many\n         pre-war contracts had to be revalued. To compound the\n         company's problems, the Kay Moor Mines went on strike in\n         1919. This strike was quickly settled, as the market for\n         coal was so good that the Low Moor Company ceased taking\n         orders temporarily in 1921 as it could not fill the orders\n         it had on hand.","The Low Moor Company furnaces lay idle for some twenty\n         months. Finally, in November 1922 one of Low Moor's\n         furnaces was finally fired up. While prosperity gradually\n         returned to the rest of the country, the Low Moor Iron\n         Company never recovered. Production of pig iron in the\n         Virginia iron industry declined from 544,034 tons in 1903\n         to 148,053 tons in 1923, considered a good year for the\n         industry as a whole. In February 1926 Low Moor officials\n         talked of merging with two other iron companies in order to\n         revive the iron business for the three companies. The\n         merger, however, never occurred. By late 1926 the company\n         was in the process of liquidation. An advertisement in the\n         Charleston, West Virginia, Daily Mail dated April 30, 1927,\n         told of a huge warehouse sale at the Low Moor Iron Company.\n         The advertisement noted \"thousands of screws, pipe\n         fittings, valves, etc.\" The last piece of correspondence\n         from the Low Moor Iron Company in the collection is dated\n         1929. It deals with the sale of a machine.","Why did the iron industry in Virginia decline as it did?\n         Some say that lack of speed, efficiency, and a decent\n         transportation system for Alleghany County caused it. In a\n         letter from C. E. Bertie, secretary of the Virginia Pig\n         Iron Association, to the \n          Manufacturers Record dated 1925, Bertie claimed that it was the\n         tremendous rise in the cost of transportation. Virginia, he\n         claimed, had almost no home market. Over 80% of its normal\n         production was shipped out to other states. The failure of\n         the Interstate Commerce Commission to treat Virginia\n         furnaces as southern furnaces was the cause of much of the\n         trouble. From 1914-1925 there were four blanket increases\n         in freight rates in the country, of which only one applied\n         equally to all localities. Southern furnaces were received\n         only two increases--a 25% increase in 1918 and a 25%\n         increase in 1920--but northern furnaces had had 5%, 15%,\n         25%, and 40% increases in their transportation costs.\n         Virginia furnaces, although recognized as southern\n         furnaces, had had freight rates increased in line with the\n         northern furnaces. Prior to the war Virginia iron reached\n         all points in Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, and Illinois on a\n         competitive basis with southern furnaces. After World War I\n         the advantage was limited to a small portion of\n         southeastern Ohio. All of Indiana, Illinois, and Michigan\n         were now lost to the Virginia producers. The Virginia\n         producer, according to Bertie, felt that the freight rates\n         should be restored to a relationship with southern\n         furnaces. If what Bertie said was true, the other southern\n         states iron industries should not have been in the same\n         desperate economic straits as Virginia's, and statistics\n         should support this. In the 1920's production rose to new\n         heights in Alabama. In Tennessee, however, iron production\n         plunged to new lows during the 1920's. While the south\n         accounted for 10.2% of the entire U. S. production in the\n         years 1919-1924, Virginia accounted for less than 1% during\n         those years. In 1915 Virginia accounted for over 6% of the\n         U.S. iron production. One can see a decline in other areas\n         of the south than Virginia. While the discrepancies in the\n         freight rates may have helped cause the decline, clearly\n         there are other reasons.","During the 1900's there was a discovery of extremely\n         rich iron ore deposits in the mid-west. Much of this ore\n         was on or near the surface, making the mining of it both\n         easy and inexpensive. This in turn lowered production costs\n         of the pig iron. This caused iron production to shift to\n         that region, and resulted in a decline in the Virginia iron\n         industry. There was a sharp increase in iron production in\n         the mid-west through the 1920's. The iron ore in the\n         mid-west may have been of better quality than Virginia, but\n         the iron ore in Virginia was of sufficient quality to\n         produce a good pig iron. The western ore deposits were not\n         as conveniently located as Virginia deposits, but the\n         inexpensiveness of production more than made up for it.","In examining the rise and fall of the Low Moor Iron\n         Company, we can see a situation in which the conditions for\n         the manufacture of iron were nearly ideal. There was plenty\n         of land for expansion and resources for the manufacture of\n         the iron. The major internal problem faced by the Low Moor\n         Iron Company was that of transportation. External\n         developments, however, caused the final demise of the Low\n         Moor Iron Company.","Low Moor Iron Company Personnel:","Executive Staff: Managing Director, Colonel H. M.\n         Goodwin: ca. 1881. General Managers: H. G. Merry: ca.\n         1884-1902; E. C. Means: ca. 1905-1915; J. P. Guernsey: ca.\n         1915 (acting General Manager); F. U. Humbert: ca.\n         1916-1929. Assistant General Manager: E. B. Wilkinson: ca.\n         1909-1915. Treasurers and Assistant Treasurers: Edward Low:\n         ca. 1886-1898; Frank Lyman (in New York): ca. 1898-1919; S.\n         G. Cragill (Asst. Treasurer): ca. 1900-1915; H. A. Dalton:\n         ca. 1921-1929; John Lipscomb (Asst. Treasurer): ca.\n         1918-1928.","Factory and Mine Supervisors: Kay Moor Superintendents:\n         C. C. Cooke: ca. 1918; Ed. D. Wickes: ca. 1906; H. L.\n         Tansell: ca. 1903; A. H. Reed: ca. 1906. Kay Moor Managers:\n         J. W. Monteith: manager of mines. ca. 1918; promoted in\n         1925 to general superintendent in charge of mine plants,\n         coke ovens, shops, repairs, and construction; A. L.\n         Monteith: assistant superintendent of mines, ca. 1918;\n         George T. Wickes: manager of Covington mines, ca.\n         1906-1917; Ross Howell, ca. 1918. Stack Mines\n         Superintendents: J. H. Carpenter: ca. 1906; C. D.\n         Oberschain: ca. 1907; J. L. Harris: ca. 1903; John S. Ham:\n         ca. 1891-1901. Rich Patch Mines Superintendents: John R.\n         Thompson: foreman, ca. 1906. Low Moor assorted other\n         personnel: S. L. Tulley: trainmaster, ca. 1906; B. J.\n         Shenkley: foreman, Low Moor limestone quarries; L. Q. Wood:\n         assistant traffic manager, ca. 1919.","The Low Moor Iron Company ceased operations in 1930;\n            what happened to the records of the company in the years\n            immediately following is not known, but in 1939, the Green\n            Bookman, a Charlottesville bookshop, sold the records to\n            the University of Virginia Library.","The records arrived at the receiving room door of the\n            new Alderman Library on October 16, 1939, in a trailer\n            truck whose load was estimated to weigh about fourteen\n            tons. As the manuscripts staff dug around in the piles of\n            over 1200 account books, and countless boxes of papers they\n            realized that the company had saved almost all of its\n            papers including checks, invoices, vouchers, and receipts,\n            and certain of these records were destroyed as their\n            information was recorded in other records. Once the bulk of\n            the collection had been reduced, the remaining records were\n            transferred to the stack area of the Division of Rare Books\n            and Manuscripts.","By 1958, little storage space remained in Alderman\n            Library, and the Rare Books and Manuscripts Division was\n            especially crowded because of the rapid growth of its\n            collections. After an examination of its storage areas, the\n            division's staff decided to move the Low Moor records to\n            the attic of one of the student dormitories. The collection\n            had had little use chiefly because there was no finding\n            aid. There seemed little likelihood of extensive researcher\n            use until the collection could be processed.","In preparation for the move, the old letter boxes in\n            which much of the collection had arrived in the Library\n            were discarded. The records from each box were placed\n            between sheets of the heavy gray cardboard used to protect\n            unbound newspapers in the Library's stacks, and the spine\n            labels of the old letter boxes were copied onto the\n            cardboard. The resulting bundles were wrapped with brown\n            Kraft paper and tied up with string. The bundles were\n            numbered. Whatever original order the letter boxes may have\n            had was lost by the time they arrived in the Library, and\n            after the bundling, removal to a dormitory attic, and\n            subsequent return to the Library in 1976, all vestiges of\n            the original order were lost.","The bundles remained in the dormitory attic for almost\n            twenty years. Occasional visits were made by the division\n            staff to check on their condition, and on very rare\n            occasions, a researcher was brave enough to ask to be shown\n            the collection. Once the researcher saw the imposing amount\n            of material and the conditions in the attic, interest in\n            using the collection invariably died.","In late 1976 a grant from the National Endowment for the\n            Humanities was obtained to allow the Library to process the\n            Low Moor Iron Company papers, and the papers of Edward L.\n            Stone and the Borderland Coal Company, another large\n            collection of records stored in the same dormitory attic.\n            All of these records and papers were moved back to the\n            Library where the bundles were cleaned and opened. The\n            contents of each were placed in a Hollinger storage box,\n            and all notes on the paper wrappings and on the gray\n            cardboard sheets were recorded.","The more than 1200 bound accounting records of the Low\n            Moor Iron Company were surveyed by the grant project staff.\n            The contents of each volume were noted on a mimeographed\n            form, and later typed on 3 x 5\" cards to create a\n            readily-accessible file for the Manuscripts Reading Room.\n            This information was also typed on pages to be added to\n            this guide.","The Low Moor Iron Company papers consist of\n         approximately 280 four-inch Hollinger archives boxes (ca.\n         95 linear feet) of records, ca. 1885-1927, and some 1200\n         bound volumes of the company's accounting records,\n         1873-1927, of this iron producing company located in Low\n         Moor (four miles southwest of Clifton Forge), Alleghany\n         County, Virginia.","This material consists of records typical of those\n         produced by a firm of this type in the period, but as the\n         company owned its own coal and iron mines and limestone\n         quarries, there is considerable information about the\n         production of these raw materials. Large numbers of the\n         records that deal with the company's employees have\n         survived: time books, payroll books, hands ledgers, and the\n         like. Because these books sometimes include information\n         about the employee's trade or job with the company, and as\n         race is indicated in some of the records, these books\n         should provide date for studies of the structure and upward\n         mobility within the labor force, patterns of\n         ethnic--possibly racial--occupational penetration and\n         mobility, material conditions of the workers, and so on.\n         The papers should permit a range of studies detailing the\n         pattern and evolution of industrial organization in the\n         iron industry, and the evolution of markets and marketing\n         structures for the entire period. Because the company was\n         dependent upon railroads to move its raw materials to the\n         furnaces, and for the marketing of its products, there is\n         considerable information about railroads and their\n         relationship to their customers.","See the \n             \n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["662"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927"],"collection_title_tesim":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927"],"collection_ssim":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from Green Bookman in\n            1939."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["95 linear feer + 1200\n         volumes"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eStored off-site. Users must request boxes 48 hours in advance of desired use. Neither drop-in nor next-day requests can be fulfilled. For additional information, contact Special Collections. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Stored off-site. Users must request boxes 48 hours in advance of desired use. Neither drop-in nor next-day requests can be fulfilled. For additional information, contact Special Collections. \n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe word \"organization\" is used here with considerable\n         diffidence, for any researcher studying the container list\n         that follows will realize quickly that there is no\n         organization in the usual sense of the word.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAs noted under \"Provenance,\" the Low Moor Iron Company\n         papers were subjected to a number of moves; when processing\n         began in the fall of 1976, no discernible scheme of\n         organization could be determined.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe first step was to review the series of coded numbers\n         placed on the bundles of papers before they were moved to\n         the dormitory attic, but these did not provide any sort of\n         useful organization. Next, the spine titles of the original\n         letter boxes were reviewed (they had been copied onto the\n         gray cardboard sheets before the move to the dormitory\n         attic), but they, too, proved useless.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese steps having provided no scheme, and after a\n         considerable hiatus due to a turnover in student processors\n         on the collection, the new student processors were\n         instructed to begin a box-by-box inventory of the contents\n         of the collection. During this inventory, old folders were\n         replaced with acid-free ones, and the original folder\n         headings were copied onto the new ones. Some removal of\n         paper clips was accomplished, and the materials were\n         reviewed and notes taken for the guide.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSome consolidation of materials was accomplished, and in\n         other cases, materials were moved. This work has created\n         some problems in the numbering of the boxes. Thus, the\n         researchers will find boxes marked \"6A\" and \"23C\"; he will\n         also discover that certain box numbers have been entirely\n         omitted. As the box numbers exist only to aid in the\n         location of material, it was not felt that the unusual\n         numbers and the omissions would cause problems in working\n         with the papers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA certain amount of movement of boxes within the\n         collection, and of materials among boxes, probably would\n         ease use of it. But what processing was accomplished on\n         this project took far longer than had been anticipated, and\n         there was no time in the late spring of 1978, when the\n         processors had to complete their work with the project, to\n         undertake a mass movement of material. Thus, they stand in\n         the order in which we found them at the beginning of the\n         project.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Organization"],"arrangement_tesim":["The word \"organization\" is used here with considerable\n         diffidence, for any researcher studying the container list\n         that follows will realize quickly that there is no\n         organization in the usual sense of the word.","As noted under \"Provenance,\" the Low Moor Iron Company\n         papers were subjected to a number of moves; when processing\n         began in the fall of 1976, no discernible scheme of\n         organization could be determined.","The first step was to review the series of coded numbers\n         placed on the bundles of papers before they were moved to\n         the dormitory attic, but these did not provide any sort of\n         useful organization. Next, the spine titles of the original\n         letter boxes were reviewed (they had been copied onto the\n         gray cardboard sheets before the move to the dormitory\n         attic), but they, too, proved useless.","These steps having provided no scheme, and after a\n         considerable hiatus due to a turnover in student processors\n         on the collection, the new student processors were\n         instructed to begin a box-by-box inventory of the contents\n         of the collection. During this inventory, old folders were\n         replaced with acid-free ones, and the original folder\n         headings were copied onto the new ones. Some removal of\n         paper clips was accomplished, and the materials were\n         reviewed and notes taken for the guide.","Some consolidation of materials was accomplished, and in\n         other cases, materials were moved. This work has created\n         some problems in the numbering of the boxes. Thus, the\n         researchers will find boxes marked \"6A\" and \"23C\"; he will\n         also discover that certain box numbers have been entirely\n         omitted. As the box numbers exist only to aid in the\n         location of material, it was not felt that the unusual\n         numbers and the omissions would cause problems in working\n         with the papers.","A certain amount of movement of boxes within the\n         collection, and of materials among boxes, probably would\n         ease use of it. But what processing was accomplished on\n         this project took far longer than had been anticipated, and\n         there was no time in the late spring of 1978, when the\n         processors had to complete their work with the project, to\n         undertake a mass movement of material. Thus, they stand in\n         the order in which we found them at the beginning of the\n         project."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Low Moor Iron Company, the first producer of pig\n         iron in Virginia according to the company's claims, was a\n         self-contained manufacturing unit producing from its own\n         mines the coal, limestone, and iron ore needed for its iron\n         production. Located in Low Moor near Clifton Forge in\n         Alleghany County in western Virginia, an area rich in\n         mineral deposits, the company was in operation from\n         1872-1930, producing only pig iron; it never attempted to\n         produce finished iron products.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCoal came to the Low Moor furnaces from the Kay Moor\n         Mines at Kay Moor, West Virginia, about thirty miles from\n         Low Moor; limestone was produced from the Low Moor\n         limestone quarries; and iron ore came from the Fenwick,\n         Dolly Ann, Jordan, Rich Patch, Low Moor, and Longdale\n         Mines, most of them within twenty miles of Low Moor at\n         Covington or Clifton Forge.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe towns of Low Moor and Kay Moor were company towns in\n         every respect. Workers lived in company-owned houses,\n         bought food in company stores, worshiped at the company\n         church, saw movies in the company theater, were treated in\n         the company hospital, and were buried in the company\n         cemetery. Workers received part of their pay in scrip that\n         they exchanged for goods and services. According to a\n         statement from the Kay Moor Mines dated November 1904, Kay\n         Moor then employed 338 people, paid them an average wage of\n         $36.26 per month, and issued half of their pay in scrip.\n         Kay Moor had four stores; Low Moor had seven or eight. All\n         of these stores carried large inventories which are\n         detailed in the collection. These inventories are valuable\n         to anyone interested in determining the wants and needs of\n         a coal miner and his family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the late 1910's and 1920's Kay Moor had a company\n         theater called the Azure Theater which seated about 300\n         people. There were also plans for a company-owned social\n         center, to have pool tables, a soda fountain, and\n         provisions for dancing and skating. The company was in\n         tough economic straits by the 1920's, however, and there is\n         no evidence that the social center was built. The town of\n         Low Moor was so completely under the company's influence\n         that one of Low Moor Iron Company's assistant managers\n         served as the town sheriff. He often foreclosed on people\n         who did not pay their debts, and drove troublesome people\n         \"out of town on a rail\" as he put it.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Low Moor Iron Company's fortunes fluctuated during\n         the various business cycles between the years 1880-1930.\n         Low Moor was one of the larger pig iron producers in\n         Virginia, but Virginia pig iron production was not\n         important nationally. Low Moor officials sometimes sold\n         their product themselves, but more often they used agents,\n         the prevalent method at the time. Low Moor Iron Company\n         used a variety of agents through the 1900's. James F. Bryan\n         acted as the exclusive agent for the sale of Kay Moor Coal\n         from September 21, 1903 to September, 1905. From about 1890\n         until about 1910 Dalton Nash and Company were the exclusive\n         eastern agents of Low Moor Iron. After that time the\n         exclusive agency went to Philips Isham and Company located\n         in New York. From about 1890 the western agency was handled\n         chiefly by Thomas Mack and Company. After 1902 Thomas Mack\n         and Company underwent a name change, becoming Walter\n         Wallingford and Company, with offices located in\n         Cincinnati, Pittsburgh, and Chicago.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePerhaps the Low Moor Iron Company's biggest problem over\n         the years was obtaining railroad cars for the\n         transportation of its finished product. Low Moor Iron\n         Company had its own cars for transporting its raw materials\n         among its various facilities. For the long haul necessary\n         for its finished goods, however, it depended upon the\n         services of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad, and the\n         relationship was not always a happy one. The Low Moor\n         Company complained many times to the C \u0026amp; O Railroad\n         about the discrepancies between long-and shorthaul freight\n         rates. Low Moor also had trouble getting cars from the C\n         \u0026amp; O. In a letter to one of Low Moor Company's agents\n         from an irate customer dated 1898, the customer wrote: \"We\n         wrote you on Saturday and endeavored to question upon your\n         mind the necessity of taking care of us with Low Moor iron.\n         We are on our uppers--there is not a pound of Low Moor iron\n         in the yard. Of the one hundred tons ordered some time ago,\n         not one pound of it has been received.\" This was, according\n         to the Low Moor Iron Company, because they could not get\n         the railroad cars. In a letter from Thomas Mack and Company\n         dated November 26, 1901, to General Manager E. C. Means:\n         \"We are hopeful that the car supply will get better because\n         of the number of orders you have of ours for prompt\n         shipment. Our customers are complaining that they are not\n         getting the iron fast enough. . . . We hope that the\n         railroad will be able to supply you with empty cars.\" In\n         another letter dated 1916 to John B. Guernsey, then acting\n         General Manager of the Low Moor Iron Company, \"We were not\n         supplied with coke cars for today's loading, and\n         consequently we have been practically down of Kay Moor\n         ovens all day.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe problem of procuring labor also plagued the Low Moor\n         Company. The company sometimes tried to hire immigrant\n         laborers and send the men directly to Low Moor from New\n         York City. There were problems with this, as is explained\n         in the following letter dated April 7, 1906: \n         \u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo Mr. George Wickes \n            \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSupt. of Mines \n            \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eKay Moor, Virginia \n            \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDear George, \n            \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eTony arrived with twenty one men last night. One\n            got away in Jersey two in Washington D.C., four in\n            Charlottesville. Some of the men are very good looking,\n            but taken as a whole they are the worst lot I have ever\n            seen: Irish, German-Jews, and Italians. . . . Our New\n            York transportations to this place have never been a\n            success.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSigned, \n            \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eEd D. Wickes Supt. of Mines\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003eLow Moor usually employed labor agencies, one\n         of which was Atwood's Employment Agency. Often the Low Moor\n         Company would request certain nationalities, believing them\n         to be better workers than others. Sometimes the company\n         would request a gang of twenty made up of \"ten Greeks and\n         ten Italians.\" Many of the immigrants fled Low Moor and Kay\n         Moor when they learned that they would have to work\n         underground. There is a fair amount of material on\n         immigrant labor and its procurement in the collection, and\n         it is noted in the description of the box contents.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLow Moor Iron Company not only had trouble procuring\n         labor, but it also had trouble with labor already employed\n         in the mines and at the factory. Labor dissension and\n         strikes troubled the Kay Moor Mines through the 1900's. The\n         great coal strike of 1902 hurt the Low Moor Company's coal\n         mining operation, but by 1903 things were \"nearly back to\n         normal\" according to the mine superintendent. There was\n         still trouble at Kay Moor Mines, however. In a letter dated\n         April 26, 1906, to the treasurer of Low Moor Company, the\n         manager of the mines wrote about the trouble in \"trying to\n         get the agitators out.\" The mines were seventy-five men\n         short of the total labor force needed because many of the\n         coal miners returned to their farms during the spring.\n         There were rumblings of another strike at Kay Moor, the\n         result of which was to be a fourteen percent increase in\n         wages for the Kay Moor Mine workers via an agreement with\n         the United Mine Workers Union in December.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Low Moor Iron Company grew along with the rest of\n         Virginia industry in the 1890's and 1900's. Starting with\n         only one furnace in the 1870's, it opened a second furnace\n         at Covington, Virginia, in 1891. In 1911 it opened a third\n         furnace, this time at Low Moor. Covington, with its heavy\n         industry, soon became known as the \"Pittsburgh of\n         Virginia.\" Virginia's pig iron production rose from 9,000\n         short tons in 1870 to 544,034 long tons in 1903. Judging\n         from the Low Moor Company's correspondence, the most\n         prosperous period for the company fell between the years\n         1895-1907. In the years between 1907-1917 problems befell\n         the Virginia pig iron industry. In a letter from William W.\n         Hearns, the president of the Virginia based Princess Pig\n         Iron Company, to U. S. Senator Thomas S. Martin, Hearns\n         writes of the problems of the Virginia pig iron industry:\n         \"There is not a blast furnace in Virginia that is making\n         any money from the manufacture of pig iron. The cause of\n         this is there is an exceedingly low price on pig iron in\n         the country at the present time, and the increased cost of\n         manufacturing is due to the increase in wages in all\n         lines.\" With the outbreak of World War I prices rose\n         dramatically, but in a market report to Low Moor dated\n         November 11, 1916, it was stated that: \"In spite of the\n         high prices, it is not a picnic to be in the iron industry.\n         There is a desperate shortage of cars and equipment in the\n         coal and iron districts, and in consequence there are\n         troubles of all kinds to get materials shipped. The\n         situation has grown serious.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhen America became involved in the First World War, it\n         meant a boost for the Low Moor Iron Company. The government\n         helped it procure labor, and even helped it repair its\n         furnaces. The problem of supplies and cars for their\n         shipments, however, plagued the company more than ever. It\n         had a good deal of trouble getting all the raw materials it\n         needed due chiefly to the \"tight ship\" run by Harry F.\n         Byrd, Sr., U.S. Fuel Administrator for Virginia. After the\n         war very serious problems began to trouble the Low Moor\n         Iron Company. The demand for iron fell precipitously and a\n         short but severe depression ensued from 1919-1922. The\n         depression seemed to hit the iron industry especially hard.\n         Prices took a huge drop due to the lack of demand, and many\n         pre-war contracts had to be revalued. To compound the\n         company's problems, the Kay Moor Mines went on strike in\n         1919. This strike was quickly settled, as the market for\n         coal was so good that the Low Moor Company ceased taking\n         orders temporarily in 1921 as it could not fill the orders\n         it had on hand.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Low Moor Company furnaces lay idle for some twenty\n         months. Finally, in November 1922 one of Low Moor's\n         furnaces was finally fired up. While prosperity gradually\n         returned to the rest of the country, the Low Moor Iron\n         Company never recovered. Production of pig iron in the\n         Virginia iron industry declined from 544,034 tons in 1903\n         to 148,053 tons in 1923, considered a good year for the\n         industry as a whole. In February 1926 Low Moor officials\n         talked of merging with two other iron companies in order to\n         revive the iron business for the three companies. The\n         merger, however, never occurred. By late 1926 the company\n         was in the process of liquidation. An advertisement in the\n         Charleston, West Virginia, Daily Mail dated April 30, 1927,\n         told of a huge warehouse sale at the Low Moor Iron Company.\n         The advertisement noted \"thousands of screws, pipe\n         fittings, valves, etc.\" The last piece of correspondence\n         from the Low Moor Iron Company in the collection is dated\n         1929. It deals with the sale of a machine.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhy did the iron industry in Virginia decline as it did?\n         Some say that lack of speed, efficiency, and a decent\n         transportation system for Alleghany County caused it. In a\n         letter from C. E. Bertie, secretary of the Virginia Pig\n         Iron Association, to the \n         \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eManufacturers Record\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003edated 1925, Bertie claimed that it was the\n         tremendous rise in the cost of transportation. Virginia, he\n         claimed, had almost no home market. Over 80% of its normal\n         production was shipped out to other states. The failure of\n         the Interstate Commerce Commission to treat Virginia\n         furnaces as southern furnaces was the cause of much of the\n         trouble. From 1914-1925 there were four blanket increases\n         in freight rates in the country, of which only one applied\n         equally to all localities. Southern furnaces were received\n         only two increases--a 25% increase in 1918 and a 25%\n         increase in 1920--but northern furnaces had had 5%, 15%,\n         25%, and 40% increases in their transportation costs.\n         Virginia furnaces, although recognized as southern\n         furnaces, had had freight rates increased in line with the\n         northern furnaces. Prior to the war Virginia iron reached\n         all points in Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, and Illinois on a\n         competitive basis with southern furnaces. After World War I\n         the advantage was limited to a small portion of\n         southeastern Ohio. All of Indiana, Illinois, and Michigan\n         were now lost to the Virginia producers. The Virginia\n         producer, according to Bertie, felt that the freight rates\n         should be restored to a relationship with southern\n         furnaces. If what Bertie said was true, the other southern\n         states iron industries should not have been in the same\n         desperate economic straits as Virginia's, and statistics\n         should support this. In the 1920's production rose to new\n         heights in Alabama. In Tennessee, however, iron production\n         plunged to new lows during the 1920's. While the south\n         accounted for 10.2% of the entire U. S. production in the\n         years 1919-1924, Virginia accounted for less than 1% during\n         those years. In 1915 Virginia accounted for over 6% of the\n         U.S. iron production. One can see a decline in other areas\n         of the south than Virginia. While the discrepancies in the\n         freight rates may have helped cause the decline, clearly\n         there are other reasons.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the 1900's there was a discovery of extremely\n         rich iron ore deposits in the mid-west. Much of this ore\n         was on or near the surface, making the mining of it both\n         easy and inexpensive. This in turn lowered production costs\n         of the pig iron. This caused iron production to shift to\n         that region, and resulted in a decline in the Virginia iron\n         industry. There was a sharp increase in iron production in\n         the mid-west through the 1920's. The iron ore in the\n         mid-west may have been of better quality than Virginia, but\n         the iron ore in Virginia was of sufficient quality to\n         produce a good pig iron. The western ore deposits were not\n         as conveniently located as Virginia deposits, but the\n         inexpensiveness of production more than made up for it.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn examining the rise and fall of the Low Moor Iron\n         Company, we can see a situation in which the conditions for\n         the manufacture of iron were nearly ideal. There was plenty\n         of land for expansion and resources for the manufacture of\n         the iron. The major internal problem faced by the Low Moor\n         Iron Company was that of transportation. External\n         developments, however, caused the final demise of the Low\n         Moor Iron Company.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLow Moor Iron Company Personnel:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExecutive Staff: Managing Director, Colonel H. M.\n         Goodwin: ca. 1881. General Managers: H. G. Merry: ca.\n         1884-1902; E. C. Means: ca. 1905-1915; J. P. Guernsey: ca.\n         1915 (acting General Manager); F. U. Humbert: ca.\n         1916-1929. Assistant General Manager: E. B. Wilkinson: ca.\n         1909-1915. Treasurers and Assistant Treasurers: Edward Low:\n         ca. 1886-1898; Frank Lyman (in New York): ca. 1898-1919; S.\n         G. Cragill (Asst. Treasurer): ca. 1900-1915; H. A. Dalton:\n         ca. 1921-1929; John Lipscomb (Asst. Treasurer): ca.\n         1918-1928.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFactory and Mine Supervisors: Kay Moor Superintendents:\n         C. C. Cooke: ca. 1918; Ed. D. Wickes: ca. 1906; H. L.\n         Tansell: ca. 1903; A. H. Reed: ca. 1906. Kay Moor Managers:\n         J. W. Monteith: manager of mines. ca. 1918; promoted in\n         1925 to general superintendent in charge of mine plants,\n         coke ovens, shops, repairs, and construction; A. L.\n         Monteith: assistant superintendent of mines, ca. 1918;\n         George T. Wickes: manager of Covington mines, ca.\n         1906-1917; Ross Howell, ca. 1918. Stack Mines\n         Superintendents: J. H. Carpenter: ca. 1906; C. D.\n         Oberschain: ca. 1907; J. L. Harris: ca. 1903; John S. Ham:\n         ca. 1891-1901. Rich Patch Mines Superintendents: John R.\n         Thompson: foreman, ca. 1906. Low Moor assorted other\n         personnel: S. L. Tulley: trainmaster, ca. 1906; B. J.\n         Shenkley: foreman, Low Moor limestone quarries; L. Q. Wood:\n         assistant traffic manager, ca. 1919.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Low Moor Iron Company, the first producer of pig\n         iron in Virginia according to the company's claims, was a\n         self-contained manufacturing unit producing from its own\n         mines the coal, limestone, and iron ore needed for its iron\n         production. Located in Low Moor near Clifton Forge in\n         Alleghany County in western Virginia, an area rich in\n         mineral deposits, the company was in operation from\n         1872-1930, producing only pig iron; it never attempted to\n         produce finished iron products.","Coal came to the Low Moor furnaces from the Kay Moor\n         Mines at Kay Moor, West Virginia, about thirty miles from\n         Low Moor; limestone was produced from the Low Moor\n         limestone quarries; and iron ore came from the Fenwick,\n         Dolly Ann, Jordan, Rich Patch, Low Moor, and Longdale\n         Mines, most of them within twenty miles of Low Moor at\n         Covington or Clifton Forge.","The towns of Low Moor and Kay Moor were company towns in\n         every respect. Workers lived in company-owned houses,\n         bought food in company stores, worshiped at the company\n         church, saw movies in the company theater, were treated in\n         the company hospital, and were buried in the company\n         cemetery. Workers received part of their pay in scrip that\n         they exchanged for goods and services. According to a\n         statement from the Kay Moor Mines dated November 1904, Kay\n         Moor then employed 338 people, paid them an average wage of\n         $36.26 per month, and issued half of their pay in scrip.\n         Kay Moor had four stores; Low Moor had seven or eight. All\n         of these stores carried large inventories which are\n         detailed in the collection. These inventories are valuable\n         to anyone interested in determining the wants and needs of\n         a coal miner and his family.","In the late 1910's and 1920's Kay Moor had a company\n         theater called the Azure Theater which seated about 300\n         people. There were also plans for a company-owned social\n         center, to have pool tables, a soda fountain, and\n         provisions for dancing and skating. The company was in\n         tough economic straits by the 1920's, however, and there is\n         no evidence that the social center was built. The town of\n         Low Moor was so completely under the company's influence\n         that one of Low Moor Iron Company's assistant managers\n         served as the town sheriff. He often foreclosed on people\n         who did not pay their debts, and drove troublesome people\n         \"out of town on a rail\" as he put it.","The Low Moor Iron Company's fortunes fluctuated during\n         the various business cycles between the years 1880-1930.\n         Low Moor was one of the larger pig iron producers in\n         Virginia, but Virginia pig iron production was not\n         important nationally. Low Moor officials sometimes sold\n         their product themselves, but more often they used agents,\n         the prevalent method at the time. Low Moor Iron Company\n         used a variety of agents through the 1900's. James F. Bryan\n         acted as the exclusive agent for the sale of Kay Moor Coal\n         from September 21, 1903 to September, 1905. From about 1890\n         until about 1910 Dalton Nash and Company were the exclusive\n         eastern agents of Low Moor Iron. After that time the\n         exclusive agency went to Philips Isham and Company located\n         in New York. From about 1890 the western agency was handled\n         chiefly by Thomas Mack and Company. After 1902 Thomas Mack\n         and Company underwent a name change, becoming Walter\n         Wallingford and Company, with offices located in\n         Cincinnati, Pittsburgh, and Chicago.","Perhaps the Low Moor Iron Company's biggest problem over\n         the years was obtaining railroad cars for the\n         transportation of its finished product. Low Moor Iron\n         Company had its own cars for transporting its raw materials\n         among its various facilities. For the long haul necessary\n         for its finished goods, however, it depended upon the\n         services of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad, and the\n         relationship was not always a happy one. The Low Moor\n         Company complained many times to the C \u0026 O Railroad\n         about the discrepancies between long-and shorthaul freight\n         rates. Low Moor also had trouble getting cars from the C\n         \u0026 O. In a letter to one of Low Moor Company's agents\n         from an irate customer dated 1898, the customer wrote: \"We\n         wrote you on Saturday and endeavored to question upon your\n         mind the necessity of taking care of us with Low Moor iron.\n         We are on our uppers--there is not a pound of Low Moor iron\n         in the yard. Of the one hundred tons ordered some time ago,\n         not one pound of it has been received.\" This was, according\n         to the Low Moor Iron Company, because they could not get\n         the railroad cars. In a letter from Thomas Mack and Company\n         dated November 26, 1901, to General Manager E. C. Means:\n         \"We are hopeful that the car supply will get better because\n         of the number of orders you have of ours for prompt\n         shipment. Our customers are complaining that they are not\n         getting the iron fast enough. . . . We hope that the\n         railroad will be able to supply you with empty cars.\" In\n         another letter dated 1916 to John B. Guernsey, then acting\n         General Manager of the Low Moor Iron Company, \"We were not\n         supplied with coke cars for today's loading, and\n         consequently we have been practically down of Kay Moor\n         ovens all day.\"","The problem of procuring labor also plagued the Low Moor\n         Company. The company sometimes tried to hire immigrant\n         laborers and send the men directly to Low Moor from New\n         York City. There were problems with this, as is explained\n         in the following letter dated April 7, 1906: \n          To Mr. George Wickes \n             Supt. of Mines \n             Kay Moor, Virginia \n             Dear George, \n             Tony arrived with twenty one men last night. One\n            got away in Jersey two in Washington D.C., four in\n            Charlottesville. Some of the men are very good looking,\n            but taken as a whole they are the worst lot I have ever\n            seen: Irish, German-Jews, and Italians. . . . Our New\n            York transportations to this place have never been a\n            success. Signed, \n             Ed D. Wickes Supt. of Mines Low Moor usually employed labor agencies, one\n         of which was Atwood's Employment Agency. Often the Low Moor\n         Company would request certain nationalities, believing them\n         to be better workers than others. Sometimes the company\n         would request a gang of twenty made up of \"ten Greeks and\n         ten Italians.\" Many of the immigrants fled Low Moor and Kay\n         Moor when they learned that they would have to work\n         underground. There is a fair amount of material on\n         immigrant labor and its procurement in the collection, and\n         it is noted in the description of the box contents.","Low Moor Iron Company not only had trouble procuring\n         labor, but it also had trouble with labor already employed\n         in the mines and at the factory. Labor dissension and\n         strikes troubled the Kay Moor Mines through the 1900's. The\n         great coal strike of 1902 hurt the Low Moor Company's coal\n         mining operation, but by 1903 things were \"nearly back to\n         normal\" according to the mine superintendent. There was\n         still trouble at Kay Moor Mines, however. In a letter dated\n         April 26, 1906, to the treasurer of Low Moor Company, the\n         manager of the mines wrote about the trouble in \"trying to\n         get the agitators out.\" The mines were seventy-five men\n         short of the total labor force needed because many of the\n         coal miners returned to their farms during the spring.\n         There were rumblings of another strike at Kay Moor, the\n         result of which was to be a fourteen percent increase in\n         wages for the Kay Moor Mine workers via an agreement with\n         the United Mine Workers Union in December.","The Low Moor Iron Company grew along with the rest of\n         Virginia industry in the 1890's and 1900's. Starting with\n         only one furnace in the 1870's, it opened a second furnace\n         at Covington, Virginia, in 1891. In 1911 it opened a third\n         furnace, this time at Low Moor. Covington, with its heavy\n         industry, soon became known as the \"Pittsburgh of\n         Virginia.\" Virginia's pig iron production rose from 9,000\n         short tons in 1870 to 544,034 long tons in 1903. Judging\n         from the Low Moor Company's correspondence, the most\n         prosperous period for the company fell between the years\n         1895-1907. In the years between 1907-1917 problems befell\n         the Virginia pig iron industry. In a letter from William W.\n         Hearns, the president of the Virginia based Princess Pig\n         Iron Company, to U. S. Senator Thomas S. Martin, Hearns\n         writes of the problems of the Virginia pig iron industry:\n         \"There is not a blast furnace in Virginia that is making\n         any money from the manufacture of pig iron. The cause of\n         this is there is an exceedingly low price on pig iron in\n         the country at the present time, and the increased cost of\n         manufacturing is due to the increase in wages in all\n         lines.\" With the outbreak of World War I prices rose\n         dramatically, but in a market report to Low Moor dated\n         November 11, 1916, it was stated that: \"In spite of the\n         high prices, it is not a picnic to be in the iron industry.\n         There is a desperate shortage of cars and equipment in the\n         coal and iron districts, and in consequence there are\n         troubles of all kinds to get materials shipped. The\n         situation has grown serious.\"","When America became involved in the First World War, it\n         meant a boost for the Low Moor Iron Company. The government\n         helped it procure labor, and even helped it repair its\n         furnaces. The problem of supplies and cars for their\n         shipments, however, plagued the company more than ever. It\n         had a good deal of trouble getting all the raw materials it\n         needed due chiefly to the \"tight ship\" run by Harry F.\n         Byrd, Sr., U.S. Fuel Administrator for Virginia. After the\n         war very serious problems began to trouble the Low Moor\n         Iron Company. The demand for iron fell precipitously and a\n         short but severe depression ensued from 1919-1922. The\n         depression seemed to hit the iron industry especially hard.\n         Prices took a huge drop due to the lack of demand, and many\n         pre-war contracts had to be revalued. To compound the\n         company's problems, the Kay Moor Mines went on strike in\n         1919. This strike was quickly settled, as the market for\n         coal was so good that the Low Moor Company ceased taking\n         orders temporarily in 1921 as it could not fill the orders\n         it had on hand.","The Low Moor Company furnaces lay idle for some twenty\n         months. Finally, in November 1922 one of Low Moor's\n         furnaces was finally fired up. While prosperity gradually\n         returned to the rest of the country, the Low Moor Iron\n         Company never recovered. Production of pig iron in the\n         Virginia iron industry declined from 544,034 tons in 1903\n         to 148,053 tons in 1923, considered a good year for the\n         industry as a whole. In February 1926 Low Moor officials\n         talked of merging with two other iron companies in order to\n         revive the iron business for the three companies. The\n         merger, however, never occurred. By late 1926 the company\n         was in the process of liquidation. An advertisement in the\n         Charleston, West Virginia, Daily Mail dated April 30, 1927,\n         told of a huge warehouse sale at the Low Moor Iron Company.\n         The advertisement noted \"thousands of screws, pipe\n         fittings, valves, etc.\" The last piece of correspondence\n         from the Low Moor Iron Company in the collection is dated\n         1929. It deals with the sale of a machine.","Why did the iron industry in Virginia decline as it did?\n         Some say that lack of speed, efficiency, and a decent\n         transportation system for Alleghany County caused it. In a\n         letter from C. E. Bertie, secretary of the Virginia Pig\n         Iron Association, to the \n          Manufacturers Record dated 1925, Bertie claimed that it was the\n         tremendous rise in the cost of transportation. Virginia, he\n         claimed, had almost no home market. Over 80% of its normal\n         production was shipped out to other states. The failure of\n         the Interstate Commerce Commission to treat Virginia\n         furnaces as southern furnaces was the cause of much of the\n         trouble. From 1914-1925 there were four blanket increases\n         in freight rates in the country, of which only one applied\n         equally to all localities. Southern furnaces were received\n         only two increases--a 25% increase in 1918 and a 25%\n         increase in 1920--but northern furnaces had had 5%, 15%,\n         25%, and 40% increases in their transportation costs.\n         Virginia furnaces, although recognized as southern\n         furnaces, had had freight rates increased in line with the\n         northern furnaces. Prior to the war Virginia iron reached\n         all points in Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, and Illinois on a\n         competitive basis with southern furnaces. After World War I\n         the advantage was limited to a small portion of\n         southeastern Ohio. All of Indiana, Illinois, and Michigan\n         were now lost to the Virginia producers. The Virginia\n         producer, according to Bertie, felt that the freight rates\n         should be restored to a relationship with southern\n         furnaces. If what Bertie said was true, the other southern\n         states iron industries should not have been in the same\n         desperate economic straits as Virginia's, and statistics\n         should support this. In the 1920's production rose to new\n         heights in Alabama. In Tennessee, however, iron production\n         plunged to new lows during the 1920's. While the south\n         accounted for 10.2% of the entire U. S. production in the\n         years 1919-1924, Virginia accounted for less than 1% during\n         those years. In 1915 Virginia accounted for over 6% of the\n         U.S. iron production. One can see a decline in other areas\n         of the south than Virginia. While the discrepancies in the\n         freight rates may have helped cause the decline, clearly\n         there are other reasons.","During the 1900's there was a discovery of extremely\n         rich iron ore deposits in the mid-west. Much of this ore\n         was on or near the surface, making the mining of it both\n         easy and inexpensive. This in turn lowered production costs\n         of the pig iron. This caused iron production to shift to\n         that region, and resulted in a decline in the Virginia iron\n         industry. There was a sharp increase in iron production in\n         the mid-west through the 1920's. The iron ore in the\n         mid-west may have been of better quality than Virginia, but\n         the iron ore in Virginia was of sufficient quality to\n         produce a good pig iron. The western ore deposits were not\n         as conveniently located as Virginia deposits, but the\n         inexpensiveness of production more than made up for it.","In examining the rise and fall of the Low Moor Iron\n         Company, we can see a situation in which the conditions for\n         the manufacture of iron were nearly ideal. There was plenty\n         of land for expansion and resources for the manufacture of\n         the iron. The major internal problem faced by the Low Moor\n         Iron Company was that of transportation. External\n         developments, however, caused the final demise of the Low\n         Moor Iron Company.","Low Moor Iron Company Personnel:","Executive Staff: Managing Director, Colonel H. M.\n         Goodwin: ca. 1881. General Managers: H. G. Merry: ca.\n         1884-1902; E. C. Means: ca. 1905-1915; J. P. Guernsey: ca.\n         1915 (acting General Manager); F. U. Humbert: ca.\n         1916-1929. Assistant General Manager: E. B. Wilkinson: ca.\n         1909-1915. Treasurers and Assistant Treasurers: Edward Low:\n         ca. 1886-1898; Frank Lyman (in New York): ca. 1898-1919; S.\n         G. Cragill (Asst. Treasurer): ca. 1900-1915; H. A. Dalton:\n         ca. 1921-1929; John Lipscomb (Asst. Treasurer): ca.\n         1918-1928.","Factory and Mine Supervisors: Kay Moor Superintendents:\n         C. C. Cooke: ca. 1918; Ed. D. Wickes: ca. 1906; H. L.\n         Tansell: ca. 1903; A. H. Reed: ca. 1906. Kay Moor Managers:\n         J. W. Monteith: manager of mines. ca. 1918; promoted in\n         1925 to general superintendent in charge of mine plants,\n         coke ovens, shops, repairs, and construction; A. L.\n         Monteith: assistant superintendent of mines, ca. 1918;\n         George T. Wickes: manager of Covington mines, ca.\n         1906-1917; Ross Howell, ca. 1918. Stack Mines\n         Superintendents: J. H. Carpenter: ca. 1906; C. D.\n         Oberschain: ca. 1907; J. L. Harris: ca. 1903; John S. Ham:\n         ca. 1891-1901. Rich Patch Mines Superintendents: John R.\n         Thompson: foreman, ca. 1906. Low Moor assorted other\n         personnel: S. L. Tulley: trainmaster, ca. 1906; B. J.\n         Shenkley: foreman, Low Moor limestone quarries; L. Q. Wood:\n         assistant traffic manager, ca. 1919."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Low Moor Iron Company ceased operations in 1930;\n            what happened to the records of the company in the years\n            immediately following is not known, but in 1939, the Green\n            Bookman, a Charlottesville bookshop, sold the records to\n            the University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe records arrived at the receiving room door of the\n            new Alderman Library on October 16, 1939, in a trailer\n            truck whose load was estimated to weigh about fourteen\n            tons. As the manuscripts staff dug around in the piles of\n            over 1200 account books, and countless boxes of papers they\n            realized that the company had saved almost all of its\n            papers including checks, invoices, vouchers, and receipts,\n            and certain of these records were destroyed as their\n            information was recorded in other records. Once the bulk of\n            the collection had been reduced, the remaining records were\n            transferred to the stack area of the Division of Rare Books\n            and Manuscripts.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["The Low Moor Iron Company ceased operations in 1930;\n            what happened to the records of the company in the years\n            immediately following is not known, but in 1939, the Green\n            Bookman, a Charlottesville bookshop, sold the records to\n            the University of Virginia Library.","The records arrived at the receiving room door of the\n            new Alderman Library on October 16, 1939, in a trailer\n            truck whose load was estimated to weigh about fourteen\n            tons. As the manuscripts staff dug around in the piles of\n            over 1200 account books, and countless boxes of papers they\n            realized that the company had saved almost all of its\n            papers including checks, invoices, vouchers, and receipts,\n            and certain of these records were destroyed as their\n            information was recorded in other records. Once the bulk of\n            the collection had been reduced, the remaining records were\n            transferred to the stack area of the Division of Rare Books\n            and Manuscripts."],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSome 1200 bound accounting record books of the Low Moor\n            Iron Company came into the custody of the Library with the\n            loose papers. When the project staff investigated these\n            volumes in the dormitory attic where they were stored, they\n            found that the volumes had been shelved by size rather than\n            by series. Thus, a letterbook may stand next to a stock\n            report book for a furnace, which is, in turn, next to a\n            store account book for the Kay Moor Mines' store. No series\n            are shelved in order.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMembers of the project staff surveyed the volumes,\n            completing for each volume two copies of a mimeographed\n            survey form, and assigning to each volume a number. One\n            copy of the survey report form was placed in the volume,\n            and the second was returned to the Library.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrom the survey report forms, 3 x 5 inch index\n            cards--with a carbon copy of each--were typed. One set of\n            index cards has been kept in order by the numbers assigned\n            to the volumes as they stand on the shelves. This provides\n            a shelf list for the use of the library staff. The other\n            set of cards was sorted into categories as a finding aid.\n            On the list that follows, the researcher will find a number\n            of major headings such as \"Accounts,\" \"Inventories,\"\n            \"Letter Books,\" and \"Shipments-Outgoing.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInsofar as it has been possible to determine from the\n            data on the survey report forms, the volumes have been\n            assigned to categories. Most of the major categories, or\n            headings, have sub-headings. Within those sub-headings, the\n            volumes have been arranged chronologically. The\n            investigators realize that after careful study of some of\n            these volumes, they will be revealed as belonging to other\n            categories than those in which they have initially been\n            placed. The card index will allow such movement.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAvailable in the Manuscripts/Archives Reading Room in\n            the Library is the sorted card index file. There is a card\n            for every volume in this file whereas, on the pages that\n            follow, volumes have been summarized under the headings and\n            sub-headings. In each case, the number of volumes has been\n            given in the summarized list; the date ranges given are\n            inclusive in most cases, and do not reveal the many gaps in\n            sequences unless the number of volumes is small and the\n            date range wide. Occasional remarks about the content of\n            volumes have been supplied if the contents are not obvious\n            from the heading or sub-heading.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to examine any of these volumes will\n            have to use the card index file in order to be able to give\n            to the staff the volume number assigned to the individual\n            volumes that are to be inspected.\u003c/p\u003e"],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Other Finding Aid"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["Some 1200 bound accounting record books of the Low Moor\n            Iron Company came into the custody of the Library with the\n            loose papers. When the project staff investigated these\n            volumes in the dormitory attic where they were stored, they\n            found that the volumes had been shelved by size rather than\n            by series. Thus, a letterbook may stand next to a stock\n            report book for a furnace, which is, in turn, next to a\n            store account book for the Kay Moor Mines' store. No series\n            are shelved in order.","Members of the project staff surveyed the volumes,\n            completing for each volume two copies of a mimeographed\n            survey form, and assigning to each volume a number. One\n            copy of the survey report form was placed in the volume,\n            and the second was returned to the Library.","From the survey report forms, 3 x 5 inch index\n            cards--with a carbon copy of each--were typed. One set of\n            index cards has been kept in order by the numbers assigned\n            to the volumes as they stand on the shelves. This provides\n            a shelf list for the use of the library staff. The other\n            set of cards was sorted into categories as a finding aid.\n            On the list that follows, the researcher will find a number\n            of major headings such as \"Accounts,\" \"Inventories,\"\n            \"Letter Books,\" and \"Shipments-Outgoing.\"","Insofar as it has been possible to determine from the\n            data on the survey report forms, the volumes have been\n            assigned to categories. Most of the major categories, or\n            headings, have sub-headings. Within those sub-headings, the\n            volumes have been arranged chronologically. The\n            investigators realize that after careful study of some of\n            these volumes, they will be revealed as belonging to other\n            categories than those in which they have initially been\n            placed. The card index will allow such movement.","Available in the Manuscripts/Archives Reading Room in\n            the Library is the sorted card index file. There is a card\n            for every volume in this file whereas, on the pages that\n            follow, volumes have been summarized under the headings and\n            sub-headings. In each case, the number of volumes has been\n            given in the summarized list; the date ranges given are\n            inclusive in most cases, and do not reveal the many gaps in\n            sequences unless the number of volumes is small and the\n            date range wide. Occasional remarks about the content of\n            volumes have been supplied if the contents are not obvious\n            from the heading or sub-heading.","Researchers wishing to examine any of these volumes will\n            have to use the card index file in order to be able to give\n            to the staff the volume number assigned to the individual\n            volumes that are to be inspected."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers of the Low Moor Iron Company, Accession #662,\n            Special Collections, University of Virginia Library,\n            Charlottesville, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company, Accession #662,\n            Special Collections, University of Virginia Library,\n            Charlottesville, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBy 1958, little storage space remained in Alderman\n            Library, and the Rare Books and Manuscripts Division was\n            especially crowded because of the rapid growth of its\n            collections. After an examination of its storage areas, the\n            division's staff decided to move the Low Moor records to\n            the attic of one of the student dormitories. The collection\n            had had little use chiefly because there was no finding\n            aid. There seemed little likelihood of extensive researcher\n            use until the collection could be processed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn preparation for the move, the old letter boxes in\n            which much of the collection had arrived in the Library\n            were discarded. The records from each box were placed\n            between sheets of the heavy gray cardboard used to protect\n            unbound newspapers in the Library's stacks, and the spine\n            labels of the old letter boxes were copied onto the\n            cardboard. The resulting bundles were wrapped with brown\n            Kraft paper and tied up with string. The bundles were\n            numbered. Whatever original order the letter boxes may have\n            had was lost by the time they arrived in the Library, and\n            after the bundling, removal to a dormitory attic, and\n            subsequent return to the Library in 1976, all vestiges of\n            the original order were lost.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe bundles remained in the dormitory attic for almost\n            twenty years. Occasional visits were made by the division\n            staff to check on their condition, and on very rare\n            occasions, a researcher was brave enough to ask to be shown\n            the collection. Once the researcher saw the imposing amount\n            of material and the conditions in the attic, interest in\n            using the collection invariably died.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn late 1976 a grant from the National Endowment for the\n            Humanities was obtained to allow the Library to process the\n            Low Moor Iron Company papers, and the papers of Edward L.\n            Stone and the Borderland Coal Company, another large\n            collection of records stored in the same dormitory attic.\n            All of these records and papers were moved back to the\n            Library where the bundles were cleaned and opened. The\n            contents of each were placed in a Hollinger storage box,\n            and all notes on the paper wrappings and on the gray\n            cardboard sheets were recorded.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe more than 1200 bound accounting records of the Low\n            Moor Iron Company were surveyed by the grant project staff.\n            The contents of each volume were noted on a mimeographed\n            form, and later typed on 3 x 5\" cards to create a\n            readily-accessible file for the Manuscripts Reading Room.\n            This information was also typed on pages to be added to\n            this guide.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["By 1958, little storage space remained in Alderman\n            Library, and the Rare Books and Manuscripts Division was\n            especially crowded because of the rapid growth of its\n            collections. After an examination of its storage areas, the\n            division's staff decided to move the Low Moor records to\n            the attic of one of the student dormitories. The collection\n            had had little use chiefly because there was no finding\n            aid. There seemed little likelihood of extensive researcher\n            use until the collection could be processed.","In preparation for the move, the old letter boxes in\n            which much of the collection had arrived in the Library\n            were discarded. The records from each box were placed\n            between sheets of the heavy gray cardboard used to protect\n            unbound newspapers in the Library's stacks, and the spine\n            labels of the old letter boxes were copied onto the\n            cardboard. The resulting bundles were wrapped with brown\n            Kraft paper and tied up with string. The bundles were\n            numbered. Whatever original order the letter boxes may have\n            had was lost by the time they arrived in the Library, and\n            after the bundling, removal to a dormitory attic, and\n            subsequent return to the Library in 1976, all vestiges of\n            the original order were lost.","The bundles remained in the dormitory attic for almost\n            twenty years. Occasional visits were made by the division\n            staff to check on their condition, and on very rare\n            occasions, a researcher was brave enough to ask to be shown\n            the collection. Once the researcher saw the imposing amount\n            of material and the conditions in the attic, interest in\n            using the collection invariably died.","In late 1976 a grant from the National Endowment for the\n            Humanities was obtained to allow the Library to process the\n            Low Moor Iron Company papers, and the papers of Edward L.\n            Stone and the Borderland Coal Company, another large\n            collection of records stored in the same dormitory attic.\n            All of these records and papers were moved back to the\n            Library where the bundles were cleaned and opened. The\n            contents of each were placed in a Hollinger storage box,\n            and all notes on the paper wrappings and on the gray\n            cardboard sheets were recorded.","The more than 1200 bound accounting records of the Low\n            Moor Iron Company were surveyed by the grant project staff.\n            The contents of each volume were noted on a mimeographed\n            form, and later typed on 3 x 5\" cards to create a\n            readily-accessible file for the Manuscripts Reading Room.\n            This information was also typed on pages to be added to\n            this guide."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Low Moor Iron Company papers consist of\n         approximately 280 four-inch Hollinger archives boxes (ca.\n         95 linear feet) of records, ca. 1885-1927, and some 1200\n         bound volumes of the company's accounting records,\n         1873-1927, of this iron producing company located in Low\n         Moor (four miles southwest of Clifton Forge), Alleghany\n         County, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis material consists of records typical of those\n         produced by a firm of this type in the period, but as the\n         company owned its own coal and iron mines and limestone\n         quarries, there is considerable information about the\n         production of these raw materials. Large numbers of the\n         records that deal with the company's employees have\n         survived: time books, payroll books, hands ledgers, and the\n         like. Because these books sometimes include information\n         about the employee's trade or job with the company, and as\n         race is indicated in some of the records, these books\n         should provide date for studies of the structure and upward\n         mobility within the labor force, patterns of\n         ethnic--possibly racial--occupational penetration and\n         mobility, material conditions of the workers, and so on.\n         The papers should permit a range of studies detailing the\n         pattern and evolution of industrial organization in the\n         iron industry, and the evolution of markets and marketing\n         structures for the entire period. Because the company was\n         dependent upon railroads to move its raw materials to the\n         furnaces, and for the marketing of its products, there is\n         considerable information about railroads and their\n         relationship to their customers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Low Moor Iron Company papers consist of\n         approximately 280 four-inch Hollinger archives boxes (ca.\n         95 linear feet) of records, ca. 1885-1927, and some 1200\n         bound volumes of the company's accounting records,\n         1873-1927, of this iron producing company located in Low\n         Moor (four miles southwest of Clifton Forge), Alleghany\n         County, Virginia.","This material consists of records typical of those\n         produced by a firm of this type in the period, but as the\n         company owned its own coal and iron mines and limestone\n         quarries, there is considerable information about the\n         production of these raw materials. Large numbers of the\n         records that deal with the company's employees have\n         survived: time books, payroll books, hands ledgers, and the\n         like. Because these books sometimes include information\n         about the employee's trade or job with the company, and as\n         race is indicated in some of the records, these books\n         should provide date for studies of the structure and upward\n         mobility within the labor force, patterns of\n         ethnic--possibly racial--occupational penetration and\n         mobility, material conditions of the workers, and so on.\n         The papers should permit a range of studies detailing the\n         pattern and evolution of industrial organization in the\n         iron industry, and the evolution of markets and marketing\n         structures for the entire period. Because the company was\n         dependent upon railroads to move its raw materials to the\n         furnaces, and for the marketing of its products, there is\n         considerable information about railroads and their\n         relationship to their customers."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee the \n            \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.library.virginia.edu/policies/use-of-materials\"\u003e\n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy.\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["See the \n             \n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":1879,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T12:10:02.328Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_viu00917_c01_c04_c01"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1642","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Abner Osburn, Physician, Papers","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1642#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Osburn, Abner","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1642#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Papers of Dr. Abner Osburn, a physician who practiced in Jefferson County, West Virginia in the late nineteenth century. The collection contains Civil War material, including a letter, currency, and a pass from Harpers Ferry. Other items include bonds for the purchase of slaves, programs from various collegiate events, certificates for the legal practice of medicine, correspondence, and other material. Please see \"Scope and Content Note\" for further information.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1642#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1642","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1642","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1642","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1642","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_1642.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/195917","title_ssm":["Abner Osburn, Physician, Papers"],"title_tesim":["Abner Osburn, Physician, Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1846-1901"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1846-1901"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 3313","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1642"],"text":["A\u0026M 3313","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1642","Abner Osburn, Physician, Papers","Jefferson County.","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Drugs and druggists.","Jefferson County - Doctors.","Physicians - letters and papers.","Slaves and slavery.","No special access restriction applies.","Papers of Dr. Abner Osburn, a physician who practiced in Jefferson County, West Virginia in the late nineteenth century. The collection contains Civil War material, including a letter, currency, and a pass from Harpers Ferry. Other items within the collection include bonds for the purchase of slaves, programs from various collegiate events, certificates for the legal practice of medicine, correspondence, and other material.","\nCorrespondence","-Balaam Obsburn to Ad[?]; 6 December 1853","-Purcel Stone to Dr. Osburn; 25 January 18[59?]","\nBonds","-a bond regarding the purchase of a negro woman and her children; 4 May 1854","-a bond regarding the purchase of a slave named \"Violette\"; 6 May 1857","\nCertificates","-Internal Revenue License issued to Dr. Osburn permitting him to practice medicine; 1 May 1866","-West Virginia State Board of Health license issued to Dr. Osburn permitting him to practice medicine; 9 August 1881 ","\nReceipts","-six receipts for household goods with attached customs clearance certification; March 1963 ","-receipt for pharmacy supplies; 29 January 1867","\nPrograms","-Virginia Military Institute Graduation Ball; 4 July 1871","-West Virginia University Parthenon Literary Society Anniversary Celebration; 14 June 1872","-Washington and Lee University Graham Lee and Washington Societies Final Celebration; 25 June 1872","-Wake Forest College Commencement; 25-27 June 1872","\nCivil War Material","-one dollar note, torn, possibly Confederate; 15 July 1861","-letter from the Confederate War Department to Mrs. Lizzie B. Osburn, turning down her request that her husband be discharged from the army; 1 October 1861","-Harpers Ferry pass issued to Dr. Osburn; 19 May 1864","\nEphemera","-Dr. Osburn's lecture pass from the University of Maryland Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy; October 1846","-Invitation to the wedding of Dr. Osburn to Rosa Nelson McNeill; 13 October 18[??]","-poem titled \"Leather Leggings in Mexico\" recorded on the reverse of a legal document written in Spanish; ca. 1901","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Papers of Dr. Abner Osburn, a physician who practiced in Jefferson County, West Virginia in the late nineteenth century. The collection contains Civil War material, including a letter, currency, and a pass from Harpers Ferry. Other items include bonds for the purchase of slaves, programs from various collegiate events, certificates for the legal practice of medicine, correspondence, and other material. Please see \"Scope and Content Note\" for further information.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Osburn, Abner","English"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 3313","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1642"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Abner Osburn, Physician, Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Abner Osburn, Physician, Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Abner Osburn, Physician, Papers"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Jefferson County.","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"geogname_ssim":["Jefferson County.","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"creator_ssm":["Osburn, Abner"],"creator_ssim":["Osburn, Abner"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Osburn, Abner"],"creators_ssim":["Osburn, Abner"],"places_ssim":["Jefferson County.","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Drugs and druggists.","Jefferson County - Doctors.","Physicians - letters and papers.","Slaves and slavery."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Drugs and druggists.","Jefferson County - Doctors.","Physicians - letters and papers.","Slaves and slavery."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.01 Linear Feet Summary: 1/4 in."],"extent_tesim":["0.01 Linear Feet Summary: 1/4 in."],"date_range_isim":[1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Abner Osburn, Physician, Papers, A\u0026amp;M 3313, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Abner Osburn, Physician, Papers, A\u0026M 3313, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers of Dr. Abner Osburn, a physician who practiced in Jefferson County, West Virginia in the late nineteenth century. The collection contains Civil War material, including a letter, currency, and a pass from Harpers Ferry. Other items within the collection include bonds for the purchase of slaves, programs from various collegiate events, certificates for the legal practice of medicine, correspondence, and other material.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nCorrespondence\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e-Balaam Obsburn to Ad[?]; 6 December 1853\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e-Purcel Stone to Dr. Osburn; 25 January 18[59?]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nBonds\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e-a bond regarding the purchase of a negro woman and her children; 4 May 1854\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e-a bond regarding the purchase of a slave named \"Violette\"; 6 May 1857\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nCertificates\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e-Internal Revenue License issued to Dr. Osburn permitting him to practice medicine; 1 May 1866\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e-West Virginia State Board of Health license issued to Dr. Osburn permitting him to practice medicine; 9 August 1881 \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nReceipts\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e-six receipts for household goods with attached customs clearance certification; March 1963 \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e-receipt for pharmacy supplies; 29 January 1867\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nPrograms\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e-Virginia Military Institute Graduation Ball; 4 July 1871\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e-West Virginia University Parthenon Literary Society Anniversary Celebration; 14 June 1872\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e-Washington and Lee University Graham Lee and Washington Societies Final Celebration; 25 June 1872\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e-Wake Forest College Commencement; 25-27 June 1872\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nCivil War Material\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e-one dollar note, torn, possibly Confederate; 15 July 1861\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e-letter from the Confederate War Department to Mrs. Lizzie B. Osburn, turning down her request that her husband be discharged from the army; 1 October 1861\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e-Harpers Ferry pass issued to Dr. Osburn; 19 May 1864\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nEphemera\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e-Dr. Osburn's lecture pass from the University of Maryland Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy; October 1846\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e-Invitation to the wedding of Dr. Osburn to Rosa Nelson McNeill; 13 October 18[??]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e-poem titled \"Leather Leggings in Mexico\" recorded on the reverse of a legal document written in Spanish; ca. 1901\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Papers of Dr. Abner Osburn, a physician who practiced in Jefferson County, West Virginia in the late nineteenth century. The collection contains Civil War material, including a letter, currency, and a pass from Harpers Ferry. Other items within the collection include bonds for the purchase of slaves, programs from various collegiate events, certificates for the legal practice of medicine, correspondence, and other material.","\nCorrespondence","-Balaam Obsburn to Ad[?]; 6 December 1853","-Purcel Stone to Dr. Osburn; 25 January 18[59?]","\nBonds","-a bond regarding the purchase of a negro woman and her children; 4 May 1854","-a bond regarding the purchase of a slave named \"Violette\"; 6 May 1857","\nCertificates","-Internal Revenue License issued to Dr. Osburn permitting him to practice medicine; 1 May 1866","-West Virginia State Board of Health license issued to Dr. Osburn permitting him to practice medicine; 9 August 1881 ","\nReceipts","-six receipts for household goods with attached customs clearance certification; March 1963 ","-receipt for pharmacy supplies; 29 January 1867","\nPrograms","-Virginia Military Institute Graduation Ball; 4 July 1871","-West Virginia University Parthenon Literary Society Anniversary Celebration; 14 June 1872","-Washington and Lee University Graham Lee and Washington Societies Final Celebration; 25 June 1872","-Wake Forest College Commencement; 25-27 June 1872","\nCivil War Material","-one dollar note, torn, possibly Confederate; 15 July 1861","-letter from the Confederate War Department to Mrs. Lizzie B. Osburn, turning down her request that her husband be discharged from the army; 1 October 1861","-Harpers Ferry pass issued to Dr. Osburn; 19 May 1864","\nEphemera","-Dr. Osburn's lecture pass from the University of Maryland Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy; October 1846","-Invitation to the wedding of Dr. Osburn to Rosa Nelson McNeill; 13 October 18[??]","-poem titled \"Leather Leggings in Mexico\" recorded on the reverse of a legal document written in Spanish; ca. 1901"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_baccd6f5e322731aa1aeefda3232cc52\"\u003ePapers of Dr. Abner Osburn, a physician who practiced in Jefferson County, West Virginia in the late nineteenth century. The collection contains Civil War material, including a letter, currency, and a pass from Harpers Ferry. Other items include bonds for the purchase of slaves, programs from various collegiate events, certificates for the legal practice of medicine, correspondence, and other material. Please see \"Scope and Content Note\" for further information.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Papers of Dr. Abner Osburn, a physician who practiced in Jefferson County, West Virginia in the late nineteenth century. The collection contains Civil War material, including a letter, currency, and a pass from Harpers Ferry. Other items include bonds for the purchase of slaves, programs from various collegiate events, certificates for the legal practice of medicine, correspondence, and other material. Please see \"Scope and Content Note\" for further information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_69311c7ed7eb0c93521708067b980342\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Osburn, Abner"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"names_coll_ssim":["Osburn, Abner"],"persname_ssim":["Osburn, Abner"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T01:03:54.529Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1642","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1642","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1642","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1642","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_1642.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/195917","title_ssm":["Abner Osburn, Physician, Papers"],"title_tesim":["Abner Osburn, Physician, Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1846-1901"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1846-1901"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 3313","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1642"],"text":["A\u0026M 3313","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1642","Abner Osburn, Physician, Papers","Jefferson County.","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Drugs and druggists.","Jefferson County - Doctors.","Physicians - letters and papers.","Slaves and slavery.","No special access restriction applies.","Papers of Dr. Abner Osburn, a physician who practiced in Jefferson County, West Virginia in the late nineteenth century. The collection contains Civil War material, including a letter, currency, and a pass from Harpers Ferry. Other items within the collection include bonds for the purchase of slaves, programs from various collegiate events, certificates for the legal practice of medicine, correspondence, and other material.","\nCorrespondence","-Balaam Obsburn to Ad[?]; 6 December 1853","-Purcel Stone to Dr. Osburn; 25 January 18[59?]","\nBonds","-a bond regarding the purchase of a negro woman and her children; 4 May 1854","-a bond regarding the purchase of a slave named \"Violette\"; 6 May 1857","\nCertificates","-Internal Revenue License issued to Dr. Osburn permitting him to practice medicine; 1 May 1866","-West Virginia State Board of Health license issued to Dr. Osburn permitting him to practice medicine; 9 August 1881 ","\nReceipts","-six receipts for household goods with attached customs clearance certification; March 1963 ","-receipt for pharmacy supplies; 29 January 1867","\nPrograms","-Virginia Military Institute Graduation Ball; 4 July 1871","-West Virginia University Parthenon Literary Society Anniversary Celebration; 14 June 1872","-Washington and Lee University Graham Lee and Washington Societies Final Celebration; 25 June 1872","-Wake Forest College Commencement; 25-27 June 1872","\nCivil War Material","-one dollar note, torn, possibly Confederate; 15 July 1861","-letter from the Confederate War Department to Mrs. Lizzie B. Osburn, turning down her request that her husband be discharged from the army; 1 October 1861","-Harpers Ferry pass issued to Dr. Osburn; 19 May 1864","\nEphemera","-Dr. Osburn's lecture pass from the University of Maryland Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy; October 1846","-Invitation to the wedding of Dr. Osburn to Rosa Nelson McNeill; 13 October 18[??]","-poem titled \"Leather Leggings in Mexico\" recorded on the reverse of a legal document written in Spanish; ca. 1901","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Papers of Dr. Abner Osburn, a physician who practiced in Jefferson County, West Virginia in the late nineteenth century. The collection contains Civil War material, including a letter, currency, and a pass from Harpers Ferry. Other items include bonds for the purchase of slaves, programs from various collegiate events, certificates for the legal practice of medicine, correspondence, and other material. Please see \"Scope and Content Note\" for further information.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Osburn, Abner","English"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 3313","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1642"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Abner Osburn, Physician, Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Abner Osburn, Physician, Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Abner Osburn, Physician, Papers"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Jefferson County.","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"geogname_ssim":["Jefferson County.","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"creator_ssm":["Osburn, Abner"],"creator_ssim":["Osburn, Abner"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Osburn, Abner"],"creators_ssim":["Osburn, Abner"],"places_ssim":["Jefferson County.","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Drugs and druggists.","Jefferson County - Doctors.","Physicians - letters and papers.","Slaves and slavery."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Drugs and druggists.","Jefferson County - Doctors.","Physicians - letters and papers.","Slaves and slavery."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.01 Linear Feet Summary: 1/4 in."],"extent_tesim":["0.01 Linear Feet Summary: 1/4 in."],"date_range_isim":[1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Abner Osburn, Physician, Papers, A\u0026amp;M 3313, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Abner Osburn, Physician, Papers, A\u0026M 3313, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers of Dr. Abner Osburn, a physician who practiced in Jefferson County, West Virginia in the late nineteenth century. The collection contains Civil War material, including a letter, currency, and a pass from Harpers Ferry. Other items within the collection include bonds for the purchase of slaves, programs from various collegiate events, certificates for the legal practice of medicine, correspondence, and other material.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nCorrespondence\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e-Balaam Obsburn to Ad[?]; 6 December 1853\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e-Purcel Stone to Dr. Osburn; 25 January 18[59?]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nBonds\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e-a bond regarding the purchase of a negro woman and her children; 4 May 1854\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e-a bond regarding the purchase of a slave named \"Violette\"; 6 May 1857\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nCertificates\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e-Internal Revenue License issued to Dr. Osburn permitting him to practice medicine; 1 May 1866\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e-West Virginia State Board of Health license issued to Dr. Osburn permitting him to practice medicine; 9 August 1881 \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nReceipts\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e-six receipts for household goods with attached customs clearance certification; March 1963 \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e-receipt for pharmacy supplies; 29 January 1867\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nPrograms\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e-Virginia Military Institute Graduation Ball; 4 July 1871\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e-West Virginia University Parthenon Literary Society Anniversary Celebration; 14 June 1872\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e-Washington and Lee University Graham Lee and Washington Societies Final Celebration; 25 June 1872\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e-Wake Forest College Commencement; 25-27 June 1872\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nCivil War Material\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e-one dollar note, torn, possibly Confederate; 15 July 1861\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e-letter from the Confederate War Department to Mrs. Lizzie B. Osburn, turning down her request that her husband be discharged from the army; 1 October 1861\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e-Harpers Ferry pass issued to Dr. Osburn; 19 May 1864\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nEphemera\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e-Dr. Osburn's lecture pass from the University of Maryland Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy; October 1846\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e-Invitation to the wedding of Dr. Osburn to Rosa Nelson McNeill; 13 October 18[??]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e-poem titled \"Leather Leggings in Mexico\" recorded on the reverse of a legal document written in Spanish; ca. 1901\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Papers of Dr. Abner Osburn, a physician who practiced in Jefferson County, West Virginia in the late nineteenth century. The collection contains Civil War material, including a letter, currency, and a pass from Harpers Ferry. Other items within the collection include bonds for the purchase of slaves, programs from various collegiate events, certificates for the legal practice of medicine, correspondence, and other material.","\nCorrespondence","-Balaam Obsburn to Ad[?]; 6 December 1853","-Purcel Stone to Dr. Osburn; 25 January 18[59?]","\nBonds","-a bond regarding the purchase of a negro woman and her children; 4 May 1854","-a bond regarding the purchase of a slave named \"Violette\"; 6 May 1857","\nCertificates","-Internal Revenue License issued to Dr. Osburn permitting him to practice medicine; 1 May 1866","-West Virginia State Board of Health license issued to Dr. Osburn permitting him to practice medicine; 9 August 1881 ","\nReceipts","-six receipts for household goods with attached customs clearance certification; March 1963 ","-receipt for pharmacy supplies; 29 January 1867","\nPrograms","-Virginia Military Institute Graduation Ball; 4 July 1871","-West Virginia University Parthenon Literary Society Anniversary Celebration; 14 June 1872","-Washington and Lee University Graham Lee and Washington Societies Final Celebration; 25 June 1872","-Wake Forest College Commencement; 25-27 June 1872","\nCivil War Material","-one dollar note, torn, possibly Confederate; 15 July 1861","-letter from the Confederate War Department to Mrs. Lizzie B. Osburn, turning down her request that her husband be discharged from the army; 1 October 1861","-Harpers Ferry pass issued to Dr. Osburn; 19 May 1864","\nEphemera","-Dr. Osburn's lecture pass from the University of Maryland Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy; October 1846","-Invitation to the wedding of Dr. Osburn to Rosa Nelson McNeill; 13 October 18[??]","-poem titled \"Leather Leggings in Mexico\" recorded on the reverse of a legal document written in Spanish; ca. 1901"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_baccd6f5e322731aa1aeefda3232cc52\"\u003ePapers of Dr. Abner Osburn, a physician who practiced in Jefferson County, West Virginia in the late nineteenth century. The collection contains Civil War material, including a letter, currency, and a pass from Harpers Ferry. Other items include bonds for the purchase of slaves, programs from various collegiate events, certificates for the legal practice of medicine, correspondence, and other material. Please see \"Scope and Content Note\" for further information.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Papers of Dr. Abner Osburn, a physician who practiced in Jefferson County, West Virginia in the late nineteenth century. The collection contains Civil War material, including a letter, currency, and a pass from Harpers Ferry. Other items include bonds for the purchase of slaves, programs from various collegiate events, certificates for the legal practice of medicine, correspondence, and other material. Please see \"Scope and Content Note\" for further information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_69311c7ed7eb0c93521708067b980342\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Osburn, Abner"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"names_coll_ssim":["Osburn, Abner"],"persname_ssim":["Osburn, Abner"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T01:03:54.529Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1642"}},{"id":"viu_viu01897_c02_c06_c01","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"About Arthur and Edith Cruzan\n                     Fickénscher","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_viu01897_c02_c06_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_viu01897_c02_c06_c01","ref_ssm":["viu_viu01897_c02_c06_c01"],"id":"viu_viu01897_c02_c06_c01","ead_ssi":"viu_viu01897","_root_":"viu_viu01897","_nest_parent_":"viu_viu01897_c02_c06","parent_ssi":"viu_viu01897_c02_c06","parent_ssim":["viu_viu01897","viu_viu01897_c02","viu_viu01897_c02_c06"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_viu01897","viu_viu01897_c02","viu_viu01897_c02_c06"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Arthur Fickénscher Papers \n         ca.\n         1895-1995","Group II: Professional and\n               Personal","Newspaper Clippings"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Arthur Fickénscher Papers \n         ca.\n         1895-1995","Group II: Professional and\n               Personal","Newspaper Clippings"],"text":["Arthur Fickénscher Papers \n         ca.\n         1895-1995","Group II: Professional and\n               Personal","Newspaper Clippings","About Arthur and Edith Cruzan\n                     Fickénscher","Box Box 3"],"title_filing_ssi":"About Arthur and Edith Cruzan\n                     Fickénscher","title_ssm":["About Arthur and Edith Cruzan\n                     Fickénscher"],"title_tesim":["About Arthur and Edith Cruzan\n                     Fickénscher"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["ca. 1895-1952, n.d."],"normalized_date_ssm":["1895/1952"],"normalized_title_ssm":["About Arthur and Edith Cruzan\n                     Fickénscher"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Arthur Fickénscher Papers \n         ca.\n         1895-1995"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":59,"date_range_isim":[1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952],"containers_ssim":["Box Box 3"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#5/components#0","timestamp":"2026-05-21T12:13:21.989Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_viu01897","ead_ssi":"viu_viu01897","_root_":"viu_viu01897","_nest_parent_":"viu_viu01897","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/uva-sc/viu01897.xml","title_ssm":["Arthur Fickénscher Papers \n         ca.\n         1895-1995"],"title_tesim":["Arthur Fickénscher Papers \n         ca.\n         1895-1995"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["12731"],"text":["12731","Arthur Fickénscher Papers \n         ca.\n         1895-1995","ca. 2000 items","Collection is open to research.","Arthur\n         Fickénscher , composer, pianist, teacher\n         and inventor, was born to George W. and Elizabeth Wagner\n         Fickénscher on March 9, 1871, in Aurora, Illinois.\n         His musical education began at an early age; learning violin\n         and piano under the tutelage and guidance of his music\n         instructor father, he gave his first recital at age six. He\n         spent his later formative years (1883-1889) as a student in\n         Munich, Germany attending the \n          Hochschule der Musik and the Royal\n         Academy from which he graduated with unprecedented honors\n         after studying under such notables in music theory and\n         composition as Joseph Rheinberger and Ludwig Thuille. Upon\n         returning to Illinois, Fickénscher taught piano\n         privately to students and gave formal concert performances\n         around the Chicago area. His reputation as an accomplished\n         pianist and accompanist led to his participation in concert\n         tours throughout the United States and Mexico with many of the\n         distinguished singers of the day such as the great Wagnerian\n         tenor, Anton Shott; Nikita, soprano of the Russian opera;\n         Materna; David Bispham and Madame Shumann-Heink. These tours\n         enhanced his reputation and allowed his piano mastery and\n         musical artistry wide recognition.","In 1896, Fickénscher settled in San Francisco\n         where he taught and coached young singers and studied the\n         potentialities of the human voice. He also began to immerse\n         himself in the composition of original music, being\n         particularly drawn by the influence of the English poets of\n         the Renaissance, Dante Rossetti and William Morris. In 1901,\n         he married \n          Edith Cruzan , an opera and concert singer\n         whose theatrical and musical talents matched his own as they\n         became an acclaimed recital team throughout the west coast.\n         While living in San Francisco, the Fickénschers\n         experienced the great earthquake of 1906. In the fire that\n         devastated the city, they lost their home and many of their\n         possessions including papers, press clippings, memorabilia and\n         compositional manuscripts relating to their concert activities\n         and Fickénscher's early music works.","In 1911, Fickénscher returned to Germany with\n         his wife and young daughter, \n          Arditha . He\n         established a studio in Berlin providing vocal instruction to\n         students and undertook a series of joint recitals with his\n         wife that introduced them to admiring European audiences. In\n         that period, his choral-orchestral poem, \n          The Chamber Blue and the orchestral-choral symphonic poem, \n          Aucassin and Nicolete were performed to positive reviews in concert\n         presentations. Fickénscher also continued to pursue\n         his idea of perfecting a keyboard for pure intonation and was\n         granted a patent for its design in Germany in 1912.","At the outbreak of World War I, the Fickénschers\n         returned to California. They opened a studio in both Oakland\n         and in San Francisco to instruct and train singers, resumed\n         their joint recital programs and lectures and soon became a\n         couple in great demand in the music circles in the area and\n         beyond. That demand induced them in 1917 to move to New York\n         City, to again teach students and to present themselves in\n         recital and concert programs to metropolitan music lovers.","A major change in Fickénscher's career style\n         took place three years later. In 1920 he accepted an\n         invitation from Edwin A. Alderman, then president of the \n          University of Virginia in Charlottesville,\n         to serve as head of the newly established music department.\n         Over the next 14 years he devoted himself in quiet dignity,\n         but tireless energy to the challenge of organizing, developing\n         and directing the administration of the department. He taught\n         students; gave leadership to the \n          University Glee Club and presented major\n         concerts in Washington, Baltimore, New Orleans, Richmond and\n         numerous other cities and towns throughout Virginia. He\n         established the \n          Albemarle Choral Club ; conducted the\n         University of Virginia and the \n          Norfolk Symphony orchestras; participated\n         in ensemble recitals, every 2 weeks over a period of 11 years\n         and, in 1938, conducted a fully staged mimo-drama of his work,\n          The Chamber Blue at the University. He performed organ recitals in the\n         University's McIntire Amphitheater; provided piano\n         accompaniment to students in vocal programs and instituted the\n          McIntire Concerts program which featured\n         such renowned artists as, Barrère, Alda, Novaes,\n         Homer, Casals, Ponselle, Martinelli and Zimbalist. With all\n         this, he still found time to arrange the settings of numerous\n         college football songs; to serve as the regular organist at \n          Christ Episcopal Church in Charlottesville\n         and to continue work on his music compositions and on the\n         development and construction of the \"Polytone,\" his idea of a\n         workable intonation keyboard which he designed to subdivide\n         the octave into 60 tones.","In 1941, Fickénscher retired from the University\n         of Virginia and returned to Fairfax in Marin County in\n         California. There he worked to complete his major unfinished\n         orchestral-choral symphonic poem, \n          The Land East of the Sun and to publish an article on the Polytone which he\n         had patented in February 1941. The article, \"The Polytone and\n         the Potentialities of a Purer Intonation,\" appeared in \n          The Music Quarterly (July, 1941). In May, 1946, he participated in\n         concert at Florida State Teacher's College, conducting \n          The Chamber Blue with the Australian-American composer, Percy Grainger\n         at the piano and, as pianist, joining a string quartet to play\n         the \n          Piano Quintet .","In 1947, the Fickénschers relocated to the city\n         of San Francisco to spend their remaining years near their\n         daughter. Edith Fickénscher died on January 9, 1950\n         and Arthur Fickénscher on April, 15, 1954. Some\n         years later, in 1983, their ashes were spread over the grounds\n         of the University of Virginia cemetery near the grave of their\n         close friends, James Southall Wilson and his wife Julia by two\n         devoted former students and lifelong friends and associates,\n         Robert Septimus Pace, Jr. and William W. Jones.","As a composer, Arthur Fickénscher was influenced\n         by Bach, Wagner and César Franck. His work\n         reflected contemporary trends and was cast in a \"sensuous\n         mysticism\" that intrigued many of his musical colleagues,\n         particularly Percy Grainger (1882-1961) who considered\n         Fickénscher to be one of the few musical geniuses\n         of the 20th century.","Funded in part by a grant from the National Endowment\n            for the Humanities","The Papers of Arthur Fickénscher contain ca.\n         2,000 items (11 shelf feet) that span the years 1895-1995. The\n         largest portion of the papers, consists of originals and\n         copies of virtually all of the music that\n         Fickénscher produced. The remaining portion\n         contains correspondence and other papers of a professional and\n         personal nature. The collection has been divided into three\n         major groups:","Group I, (Correspondence), contains letters sent to\n         Fickénscher and drafts and second copies of letters\n         that he prepared. The correspondence is subdivided into three\n         categories: (1) General, (2) Named and (3) Polytone Related.\n         These are listed by date or by correspondent name to highlight\n         special interest or subject matter.","Group II, (Professional and Personal), contains items\n         relating to Fickénscher's music and academic career\n         activities. These include published articles; biographical\n         background about his life and work; catalogue descriptions of\n         his music; memorabilia in the form of concert and recital\n         programs; reviews and newspaper clippings; a compilation of\n         notes, drawings and music relating to the evolution and\n         development of the \"Polytone;\" and an assortment of other\n         miscellaneous items consisting of financial and contract\n         records of the \n          University of Virginia's McIntire\n         Concerts (1919-1939); photographs of family and\n         friends; instructor notes for voice lessons; some brochures\n         about musical instruments; name and address notebooks and\n         family birth, marriage and burial documents.","Group III, (Compositions), contains original manuscripts,\n         master sheets for duplication and print copies of musical\n         scores. These items have been consolidated into oversized\n         folders for ease of reference and study and have been arranged\n         in this listing under descriptive categories similar to those\n         used by Fickénscher in describing his own\n         compositions and by others who have catalogued his musical\n         works. (see William W. Jones and Gordon Rumson (Box 1, below)\n         and also William W. Jones, \n          Life and Works of Arthur Fickénscher,\n            American Composer , 1871-1954 , unpublished, 1992).","A 33 1/3 rpm recording of \n          Willowwood , (a setting of four sonnets by Rossetti for\n         mezzo-soprano with piano, viola and bassoon accompaniment) has\n         been transferred to the appropriate custodial section of the\n         University of Virginia Special Collections Department where it\n         is identified as part of these papers.","(manuscripts, master sheets and prints of musical\n               scores)","Contents: mixed chorus: 1. \n                      Au clair de la lune ; 2. \n                      Bonhomme que savez-vous faire? ; 3. \n                      J'ai du bon tabac ; male chorus: 1. \n                      Vive Henri Quartre ; 2. \n                      Charmante Gabrielle ; 3. \n                      Malbrouk","Contents: 1. \n                      Kyrie Eleison ; 2. \n                      Gloria Tibi ; 3. \n                      Gloria Patri ; 4. \n                      Benedictus Qui Venit ; 5. \n                      Agnus Dei ; 6. \n                      Gloria in Excelsis ; 7. \n                      Amen ; 8. \n                      Nunc Demitis ; 9. \n                      Sanctus","Contents: \"Alma Mater\"; \"Come Boys and Join\n                     Together\"; \"Eli Banana: Tilka Song\"; \"Georgetown\n                     is Dying\"; \"Give Us a Song, Boys\"; \"The Good Old\n                     Song\"; \"Ha! Ha! Virginia\"; \"Hike Virginia\"; \"In a\n                     Rose-Tinted Valley\"; \"Just Another Touchdown for\n                     U.Va.\"; \"Now We'll Lick Old Yale\"; \"Oh! Carolina\";\n                     \"Old Virginia\"; \"Orange and Blue\"; \"Virginia,\n                     Hail, All Hail!\"; \"Virginia, Hail, All Hail!\"\n                     (version two); \"Virginia Yell Song\"; \"Virginia's\n                     Banner\"; \"We're the Team from U. Va.\"","Contents: 1. \n                      Abschied , (Farewell); 2. \n                      Bienchen summ herum , (Bees); 3. \n                      Drei Röselein , (Three Rosebuds); 4. \n                      Der holde Mai , (Maytime); 5. \n                      Das Vöglein , (The Messenger); 6. \n                      Frühlingsbotschaft , (Cuckoo); 7. \n                      Gott weiss es , (God knows); 8. \n                      Der Gänsedieb , (The Lusty Robber)","Contents: 1. \n                      Am Abend , (At Evening); 2. \n                      Erster Kuss , (The First Kiss); 3. \n                      Deutung , (Reavealings); 4. \n                      Gefunden , (Found); 5. \n                      Mondnacht , (Moonlight); 6. \n                      Hochsommer , (Midsummer); 7. \n                      Busse , (Penitence). (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 published\n                     as: \n                      Five Compositions for Voice and\n                        Piano )","See the \n             \n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy.","","University of Virginia. Library. Special\n            Collections Dept.","University of Virginia","University Glee Club","Albemarle Choral Club","Norfolk Symphony","McIntire Concerts","Christ Episcopal Church","University of Virginia's McIntire\n         Concerts","Arthur\n         Fickénscher","Edith Cruzan","Arditha","English"],"unitid_tesim":["12731"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Arthur Fickénscher Papers \n         ca.\n         1895-1995"],"collection_title_tesim":["Arthur Fickénscher Papers \n         ca.\n         1895-1995"],"collection_ssim":["Arthur Fickénscher Papers \n         ca.\n         1895-1995"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":[""],"creator_ssim":[""],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection is a consolidation of gift acquisitions\n            received in the Manuscript and Special Collections\n            Departments of the University of Virginia over the period\n            1941-1997 from Edith Cruzan Fickénscher, Arditha\n            Fickénscher, William W. Jones, Robert Septimus\n            Pace, Jr., Gordon Rumson and anonymous donors.","The original classification numbers (listed below) of\n            all acquisitions to this collection have been consolidated\n            into a single classification number: 12731.","Previous Classification Numbers: Manuscript numbers:\n            1093; 5121,-a-b; 8815; Record Group numbers: RG-21/31.771\n            (.791) (.871) (.921) (.961) (.962) (.971)."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["ca. 2000 items"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cpersname normal=\"Arthur Fickenscher\"\u003eArthur\n         Fickénscher\u003c/persname\u003e, composer, pianist, teacher\n         and inventor, was born to George W. and Elizabeth Wagner\n         Fickénscher on March 9, 1871, in Aurora, Illinois.\n         His musical education began at an early age; learning violin\n         and piano under the tutelage and guidance of his music\n         instructor father, he gave his first recital at age six. He\n         spent his later formative years (1883-1889) as a student in\n         Munich, Germany attending the \n         \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHochschule der Musik\u003c/emph\u003eand the Royal\n         Academy from which he graduated with unprecedented honors\n         after studying under such notables in music theory and\n         composition as Joseph Rheinberger and Ludwig Thuille. Upon\n         returning to Illinois, Fickénscher taught piano\n         privately to students and gave formal concert performances\n         around the Chicago area. His reputation as an accomplished\n         pianist and accompanist led to his participation in concert\n         tours throughout the United States and Mexico with many of the\n         distinguished singers of the day such as the great Wagnerian\n         tenor, Anton Shott; Nikita, soprano of the Russian opera;\n         Materna; David Bispham and Madame Shumann-Heink. These tours\n         enhanced his reputation and allowed his piano mastery and\n         musical artistry wide recognition.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1896, Fickénscher settled in San Francisco\n         where he taught and coached young singers and studied the\n         potentialities of the human voice. He also began to immerse\n         himself in the composition of original music, being\n         particularly drawn by the influence of the English poets of\n         the Renaissance, Dante Rossetti and William Morris. In 1901,\n         he married \n         \u003cpersname\u003eEdith Cruzan\u003c/persname\u003e, an opera and concert singer\n         whose theatrical and musical talents matched his own as they\n         became an acclaimed recital team throughout the west coast.\n         While living in San Francisco, the Fickénschers\n         experienced the great earthquake of 1906. In the fire that\n         devastated the city, they lost their home and many of their\n         possessions including papers, press clippings, memorabilia and\n         compositional manuscripts relating to their concert activities\n         and Fickénscher's early music works.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1911, Fickénscher returned to Germany with\n         his wife and young daughter, \n         \u003cpersname normal=\"Arditha Fickenscher\"\u003eArditha\u003c/persname\u003e. He\n         established a studio in Berlin providing vocal instruction to\n         students and undertook a series of joint recitals with his\n         wife that introduced them to admiring European audiences. In\n         that period, his choral-orchestral poem, \n         \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Chamber Blue\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003eand the orchestral-choral symphonic poem, \n         \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eAucassin and Nicolete\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003ewere performed to positive reviews in concert\n         presentations. Fickénscher also continued to pursue\n         his idea of perfecting a keyboard for pure intonation and was\n         granted a patent for its design in Germany in 1912.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAt the outbreak of World War I, the Fickénschers\n         returned to California. They opened a studio in both Oakland\n         and in San Francisco to instruct and train singers, resumed\n         their joint recital programs and lectures and soon became a\n         couple in great demand in the music circles in the area and\n         beyond. That demand induced them in 1917 to move to New York\n         City, to again teach students and to present themselves in\n         recital and concert programs to metropolitan music lovers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA major change in Fickénscher's career style\n         took place three years later. In 1920 he accepted an\n         invitation from Edwin A. Alderman, then president of the \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eUniversity of Virginia\u003c/corpname\u003ein Charlottesville,\n         to serve as head of the newly established music department.\n         Over the next 14 years he devoted himself in quiet dignity,\n         but tireless energy to the challenge of organizing, developing\n         and directing the administration of the department. He taught\n         students; gave leadership to the \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eUniversity Glee Club\u003c/corpname\u003eand presented major\n         concerts in Washington, Baltimore, New Orleans, Richmond and\n         numerous other cities and towns throughout Virginia. He\n         established the \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eAlbemarle Choral Club\u003c/corpname\u003e; conducted the\n         University of Virginia and the \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eNorfolk Symphony\u003c/corpname\u003eorchestras; participated\n         in ensemble recitals, every 2 weeks over a period of 11 years\n         and, in 1938, conducted a fully staged mimo-drama of his work,\n         \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Chamber Blue\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003eat the University. He performed organ recitals in the\n         University's McIntire Amphitheater; provided piano\n         accompaniment to students in vocal programs and instituted the\n         \u003ccorpname\u003eMcIntire Concerts\u003c/corpname\u003eprogram which featured\n         such renowned artists as, Barrère, Alda, Novaes,\n         Homer, Casals, Ponselle, Martinelli and Zimbalist. With all\n         this, he still found time to arrange the settings of numerous\n         college football songs; to serve as the regular organist at \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eChrist Episcopal Church\u003c/corpname\u003ein Charlottesville\n         and to continue work on his music compositions and on the\n         development and construction of the \"Polytone,\" his idea of a\n         workable intonation keyboard which he designed to subdivide\n         the octave into 60 tones.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1941, Fickénscher retired from the University\n         of Virginia and returned to Fairfax in Marin County in\n         California. There he worked to complete his major unfinished\n         orchestral-choral symphonic poem, \n         \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Land East of the Sun\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003eand to publish an article on the Polytone which he\n         had patented in February 1941. The article, \"The Polytone and\n         the Potentialities of a Purer Intonation,\" appeared in \n         \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Music Quarterly\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003e(July, 1941). In May, 1946, he participated in\n         concert at Florida State Teacher's College, conducting \n         \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Chamber Blue\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003ewith the Australian-American composer, Percy Grainger\n         at the piano and, as pianist, joining a string quartet to play\n         the \n         \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003ePiano Quintet\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1947, the Fickénschers relocated to the city\n         of San Francisco to spend their remaining years near their\n         daughter. Edith Fickénscher died on January 9, 1950\n         and Arthur Fickénscher on April, 15, 1954. Some\n         years later, in 1983, their ashes were spread over the grounds\n         of the University of Virginia cemetery near the grave of their\n         close friends, James Southall Wilson and his wife Julia by two\n         devoted former students and lifelong friends and associates,\n         Robert Septimus Pace, Jr. and William W. Jones.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAs a composer, Arthur Fickénscher was influenced\n         by Bach, Wagner and César Franck. His work\n         reflected contemporary trends and was cast in a \"sensuous\n         mysticism\" that intrigued many of his musical colleagues,\n         particularly Percy Grainger (1882-1961) who considered\n         Fickénscher to be one of the few musical geniuses\n         of the 20th century.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Sketch"],"bioghist_tesim":["Arthur\n         Fickénscher , composer, pianist, teacher\n         and inventor, was born to George W. and Elizabeth Wagner\n         Fickénscher on March 9, 1871, in Aurora, Illinois.\n         His musical education began at an early age; learning violin\n         and piano under the tutelage and guidance of his music\n         instructor father, he gave his first recital at age six. He\n         spent his later formative years (1883-1889) as a student in\n         Munich, Germany attending the \n          Hochschule der Musik and the Royal\n         Academy from which he graduated with unprecedented honors\n         after studying under such notables in music theory and\n         composition as Joseph Rheinberger and Ludwig Thuille. Upon\n         returning to Illinois, Fickénscher taught piano\n         privately to students and gave formal concert performances\n         around the Chicago area. His reputation as an accomplished\n         pianist and accompanist led to his participation in concert\n         tours throughout the United States and Mexico with many of the\n         distinguished singers of the day such as the great Wagnerian\n         tenor, Anton Shott; Nikita, soprano of the Russian opera;\n         Materna; David Bispham and Madame Shumann-Heink. These tours\n         enhanced his reputation and allowed his piano mastery and\n         musical artistry wide recognition.","In 1896, Fickénscher settled in San Francisco\n         where he taught and coached young singers and studied the\n         potentialities of the human voice. He also began to immerse\n         himself in the composition of original music, being\n         particularly drawn by the influence of the English poets of\n         the Renaissance, Dante Rossetti and William Morris. In 1901,\n         he married \n          Edith Cruzan , an opera and concert singer\n         whose theatrical and musical talents matched his own as they\n         became an acclaimed recital team throughout the west coast.\n         While living in San Francisco, the Fickénschers\n         experienced the great earthquake of 1906. In the fire that\n         devastated the city, they lost their home and many of their\n         possessions including papers, press clippings, memorabilia and\n         compositional manuscripts relating to their concert activities\n         and Fickénscher's early music works.","In 1911, Fickénscher returned to Germany with\n         his wife and young daughter, \n          Arditha . He\n         established a studio in Berlin providing vocal instruction to\n         students and undertook a series of joint recitals with his\n         wife that introduced them to admiring European audiences. In\n         that period, his choral-orchestral poem, \n          The Chamber Blue and the orchestral-choral symphonic poem, \n          Aucassin and Nicolete were performed to positive reviews in concert\n         presentations. Fickénscher also continued to pursue\n         his idea of perfecting a keyboard for pure intonation and was\n         granted a patent for its design in Germany in 1912.","At the outbreak of World War I, the Fickénschers\n         returned to California. They opened a studio in both Oakland\n         and in San Francisco to instruct and train singers, resumed\n         their joint recital programs and lectures and soon became a\n         couple in great demand in the music circles in the area and\n         beyond. That demand induced them in 1917 to move to New York\n         City, to again teach students and to present themselves in\n         recital and concert programs to metropolitan music lovers.","A major change in Fickénscher's career style\n         took place three years later. In 1920 he accepted an\n         invitation from Edwin A. Alderman, then president of the \n          University of Virginia in Charlottesville,\n         to serve as head of the newly established music department.\n         Over the next 14 years he devoted himself in quiet dignity,\n         but tireless energy to the challenge of organizing, developing\n         and directing the administration of the department. He taught\n         students; gave leadership to the \n          University Glee Club and presented major\n         concerts in Washington, Baltimore, New Orleans, Richmond and\n         numerous other cities and towns throughout Virginia. He\n         established the \n          Albemarle Choral Club ; conducted the\n         University of Virginia and the \n          Norfolk Symphony orchestras; participated\n         in ensemble recitals, every 2 weeks over a period of 11 years\n         and, in 1938, conducted a fully staged mimo-drama of his work,\n          The Chamber Blue at the University. He performed organ recitals in the\n         University's McIntire Amphitheater; provided piano\n         accompaniment to students in vocal programs and instituted the\n          McIntire Concerts program which featured\n         such renowned artists as, Barrère, Alda, Novaes,\n         Homer, Casals, Ponselle, Martinelli and Zimbalist. With all\n         this, he still found time to arrange the settings of numerous\n         college football songs; to serve as the regular organist at \n          Christ Episcopal Church in Charlottesville\n         and to continue work on his music compositions and on the\n         development and construction of the \"Polytone,\" his idea of a\n         workable intonation keyboard which he designed to subdivide\n         the octave into 60 tones.","In 1941, Fickénscher retired from the University\n         of Virginia and returned to Fairfax in Marin County in\n         California. There he worked to complete his major unfinished\n         orchestral-choral symphonic poem, \n          The Land East of the Sun and to publish an article on the Polytone which he\n         had patented in February 1941. The article, \"The Polytone and\n         the Potentialities of a Purer Intonation,\" appeared in \n          The Music Quarterly (July, 1941). In May, 1946, he participated in\n         concert at Florida State Teacher's College, conducting \n          The Chamber Blue with the Australian-American composer, Percy Grainger\n         at the piano and, as pianist, joining a string quartet to play\n         the \n          Piano Quintet .","In 1947, the Fickénschers relocated to the city\n         of San Francisco to spend their remaining years near their\n         daughter. Edith Fickénscher died on January 9, 1950\n         and Arthur Fickénscher on April, 15, 1954. Some\n         years later, in 1983, their ashes were spread over the grounds\n         of the University of Virginia cemetery near the grave of their\n         close friends, James Southall Wilson and his wife Julia by two\n         devoted former students and lifelong friends and associates,\n         Robert Septimus Pace, Jr. and William W. Jones.","As a composer, Arthur Fickénscher was influenced\n         by Bach, Wagner and César Franck. His work\n         reflected contemporary trends and was cast in a \"sensuous\n         mysticism\" that intrigued many of his musical colleagues,\n         particularly Percy Grainger (1882-1961) who considered\n         Fickénscher to be one of the few musical geniuses\n         of the 20th century."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArthur Fickénscher\n            Papers, Accession 12731, Special Collections Department, University of\n         Virginia Library\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Arthur Fickénscher\n            Papers, Accession 12731, Special Collections Department, University of\n         Virginia Library"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFunded in part by a grant from the National Endowment\n            for the Humanities\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Funding Note"],"processinfo_tesim":["Funded in part by a grant from the National Endowment\n            for the Humanities"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Papers of Arthur Fickénscher contain ca.\n         2,000 items (11 shelf feet) that span the years 1895-1995. The\n         largest portion of the papers, consists of originals and\n         copies of virtually all of the music that\n         Fickénscher produced. The remaining portion\n         contains correspondence and other papers of a professional and\n         personal nature. The collection has been divided into three\n         major groups:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGroup I, (Correspondence), contains letters sent to\n         Fickénscher and drafts and second copies of letters\n         that he prepared. The correspondence is subdivided into three\n         categories: (1) General, (2) Named and (3) Polytone Related.\n         These are listed by date or by correspondent name to highlight\n         special interest or subject matter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGroup II, (Professional and Personal), contains items\n         relating to Fickénscher's music and academic career\n         activities. These include published articles; biographical\n         background about his life and work; catalogue descriptions of\n         his music; memorabilia in the form of concert and recital\n         programs; reviews and newspaper clippings; a compilation of\n         notes, drawings and music relating to the evolution and\n         development of the \"Polytone;\" and an assortment of other\n         miscellaneous items consisting of financial and contract\n         records of the \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eUniversity of Virginia's McIntire\n         Concerts\u003c/corpname\u003e(1919-1939); photographs of family and\n         friends; instructor notes for voice lessons; some brochures\n         about musical instruments; name and address notebooks and\n         family birth, marriage and burial documents.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGroup III, (Compositions), contains original manuscripts,\n         master sheets for duplication and print copies of musical\n         scores. These items have been consolidated into oversized\n         folders for ease of reference and study and have been arranged\n         in this listing under descriptive categories similar to those\n         used by Fickénscher in describing his own\n         compositions and by others who have catalogued his musical\n         works. (see William W. Jones and Gordon Rumson (Box 1, below)\n         and also William W. Jones, \n         \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eLife and Works of Arthur Fickénscher,\n            American Composer , 1871-1954\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003e, unpublished, 1992).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA 33 1/3 rpm recording of \n         \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eWillowwood\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003e, (a setting of four sonnets by Rossetti for\n         mezzo-soprano with piano, viola and bassoon accompaniment) has\n         been transferred to the appropriate custodial section of the\n         University of Virginia Special Collections Department where it\n         is identified as part of these papers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(manuscripts, master sheets and prints of musical\n               scores)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContents: mixed chorus: 1. \n                     \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eAu clair de la lune\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003e; 2. \n                     \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eBonhomme que savez-vous faire?\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003e; 3. \n                     \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eJ'ai du bon tabac\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003e; male chorus: 1. \n                     \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eVive Henri Quartre\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003e; 2. \n                     \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eCharmante Gabrielle\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003e; 3. \n                     \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eMalbrouk\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContents: 1. \n                     \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eKyrie Eleison\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003e; 2. \n                     \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eGloria Tibi\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003e; 3. \n                     \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eGloria Patri\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003e; 4. \n                     \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eBenedictus Qui Venit\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003e; 5. \n                     \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eAgnus Dei\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003e; 6. \n                     \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eGloria in Excelsis\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003e; 7. \n                     \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eAmen\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003e; 8. \n                     \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eNunc Demitis\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003e; 9. \n                     \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eSanctus\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContents: \"Alma Mater\"; \"Come Boys and Join\n                     Together\"; \"Eli Banana: Tilka Song\"; \"Georgetown\n                     is Dying\"; \"Give Us a Song, Boys\"; \"The Good Old\n                     Song\"; \"Ha! Ha! Virginia\"; \"Hike Virginia\"; \"In a\n                     Rose-Tinted Valley\"; \"Just Another Touchdown for\n                     U.Va.\"; \"Now We'll Lick Old Yale\"; \"Oh! Carolina\";\n                     \"Old Virginia\"; \"Orange and Blue\"; \"Virginia,\n                     Hail, All Hail!\"; \"Virginia, Hail, All Hail!\"\n                     (version two); \"Virginia Yell Song\"; \"Virginia's\n                     Banner\"; \"We're the Team from U. Va.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContents: 1. \n                     \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eAbschied\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003e, (Farewell); 2. \n                     \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eBienchen summ herum\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003e, (Bees); 3. \n                     \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eDrei Röselein\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003e, (Three Rosebuds); 4. \n                     \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eDer holde Mai\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003e, (Maytime); 5. \n                     \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eDas Vöglein\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003e, (The Messenger); 6. \n                     \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eFrühlingsbotschaft\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003e, (Cuckoo); 7. \n                     \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eGott weiss es\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003e, (God knows); 8. \n                     \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eDer Gänsedieb\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003e, (The Lusty Robber)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContents: 1. \n                     \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eAm Abend\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003e, (At Evening); 2. \n                     \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eErster Kuss\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003e, (The First Kiss); 3. \n                     \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eDeutung\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003e, (Reavealings); 4. \n                     \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eGefunden\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003e, (Found); 5. \n                     \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eMondnacht\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003e, (Moonlight); 6. \n                     \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eHochsommer\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003e, (Midsummer); 7. \n                     \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eBusse\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003e, (Penitence). (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 published\n                     as: \n                     \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eFive Compositions for Voice and\n                        Piano\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Papers of Arthur Fickénscher contain ca.\n         2,000 items (11 shelf feet) that span the years 1895-1995. The\n         largest portion of the papers, consists of originals and\n         copies of virtually all of the music that\n         Fickénscher produced. The remaining portion\n         contains correspondence and other papers of a professional and\n         personal nature. The collection has been divided into three\n         major groups:","Group I, (Correspondence), contains letters sent to\n         Fickénscher and drafts and second copies of letters\n         that he prepared. The correspondence is subdivided into three\n         categories: (1) General, (2) Named and (3) Polytone Related.\n         These are listed by date or by correspondent name to highlight\n         special interest or subject matter.","Group II, (Professional and Personal), contains items\n         relating to Fickénscher's music and academic career\n         activities. These include published articles; biographical\n         background about his life and work; catalogue descriptions of\n         his music; memorabilia in the form of concert and recital\n         programs; reviews and newspaper clippings; a compilation of\n         notes, drawings and music relating to the evolution and\n         development of the \"Polytone;\" and an assortment of other\n         miscellaneous items consisting of financial and contract\n         records of the \n          University of Virginia's McIntire\n         Concerts (1919-1939); photographs of family and\n         friends; instructor notes for voice lessons; some brochures\n         about musical instruments; name and address notebooks and\n         family birth, marriage and burial documents.","Group III, (Compositions), contains original manuscripts,\n         master sheets for duplication and print copies of musical\n         scores. These items have been consolidated into oversized\n         folders for ease of reference and study and have been arranged\n         in this listing under descriptive categories similar to those\n         used by Fickénscher in describing his own\n         compositions and by others who have catalogued his musical\n         works. (see William W. Jones and Gordon Rumson (Box 1, below)\n         and also William W. Jones, \n          Life and Works of Arthur Fickénscher,\n            American Composer , 1871-1954 , unpublished, 1992).","A 33 1/3 rpm recording of \n          Willowwood , (a setting of four sonnets by Rossetti for\n         mezzo-soprano with piano, viola and bassoon accompaniment) has\n         been transferred to the appropriate custodial section of the\n         University of Virginia Special Collections Department where it\n         is identified as part of these papers.","(manuscripts, master sheets and prints of musical\n               scores)","Contents: mixed chorus: 1. \n                      Au clair de la lune ; 2. \n                      Bonhomme que savez-vous faire? ; 3. \n                      J'ai du bon tabac ; male chorus: 1. \n                      Vive Henri Quartre ; 2. \n                      Charmante Gabrielle ; 3. \n                      Malbrouk","Contents: 1. \n                      Kyrie Eleison ; 2. \n                      Gloria Tibi ; 3. \n                      Gloria Patri ; 4. \n                      Benedictus Qui Venit ; 5. \n                      Agnus Dei ; 6. \n                      Gloria in Excelsis ; 7. \n                      Amen ; 8. \n                      Nunc Demitis ; 9. \n                      Sanctus","Contents: \"Alma Mater\"; \"Come Boys and Join\n                     Together\"; \"Eli Banana: Tilka Song\"; \"Georgetown\n                     is Dying\"; \"Give Us a Song, Boys\"; \"The Good Old\n                     Song\"; \"Ha! Ha! Virginia\"; \"Hike Virginia\"; \"In a\n                     Rose-Tinted Valley\"; \"Just Another Touchdown for\n                     U.Va.\"; \"Now We'll Lick Old Yale\"; \"Oh! Carolina\";\n                     \"Old Virginia\"; \"Orange and Blue\"; \"Virginia,\n                     Hail, All Hail!\"; \"Virginia, Hail, All Hail!\"\n                     (version two); \"Virginia Yell Song\"; \"Virginia's\n                     Banner\"; \"We're the Team from U. Va.\"","Contents: 1. \n                      Abschied , (Farewell); 2. \n                      Bienchen summ herum , (Bees); 3. \n                      Drei Röselein , (Three Rosebuds); 4. \n                      Der holde Mai , (Maytime); 5. \n                      Das Vöglein , (The Messenger); 6. \n                      Frühlingsbotschaft , (Cuckoo); 7. \n                      Gott weiss es , (God knows); 8. \n                      Der Gänsedieb , (The Lusty Robber)","Contents: 1. \n                      Am Abend , (At Evening); 2. \n                      Erster Kuss , (The First Kiss); 3. \n                      Deutung , (Reavealings); 4. \n                      Gefunden , (Found); 5. \n                      Mondnacht , (Moonlight); 6. \n                      Hochsommer , (Midsummer); 7. \n                      Busse , (Penitence). (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 published\n                     as: \n                      Five Compositions for Voice and\n                        Piano )"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee the \n            \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.library.virginia.edu/policies/use-of-materials\"\u003e\n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy.\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["See the \n             \n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc/\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":[""],"names_ssim":["University of Virginia. Library. Special\n            Collections Dept.","University of Virginia","University Glee Club","Albemarle Choral Club","Norfolk Symphony","McIntire Concerts","Christ Episcopal Church","University of Virginia's McIntire\n         Concerts","Arthur\n         Fickénscher","Edith Cruzan","Arditha"],"corpname_ssim":["University of Virginia. Library. Special\n            Collections Dept.","University of Virginia","University Glee Club","Albemarle Choral Club","Norfolk Symphony","McIntire Concerts","Christ Episcopal Church","University of Virginia's McIntire\n         Concerts"],"persname_ssim":["Arthur\n         Fickénscher","Edith Cruzan","Arditha"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":133,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T12:13:21.989Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_viu01897_c02_c06_c01"}},{"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_793","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Abraham Lincoln Collection","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_793#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eCollection contains photographs, pamphlets, newspapers, cigar box labels (lithographs), cartes des visites, postcard, etc about Abraham Lincoln.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_793#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_793","ead_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_793","_root_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_793","_nest_parent_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_793","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WLU/repositories_5_resources_793.xml","title_ssm":["Abraham Lincoln Collection"],"title_tesim":["Abraham Lincoln Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["Inclusive 1860-1965"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["Inclusive 1860-1965"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["WLU.Coll.0549","/repositories/5/resources/793"],"text":["WLU.Coll.0549","/repositories/5/resources/793","Abraham Lincoln Collection","Printed ephemera","Political postcards","Collection contains photographs, pamphlets, newspapers, cigar box labels (lithographs), cartes des visites, postcard, etc about Abraham Lincoln.","The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections.","Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865","English"],"unitid_tesim":["WLU.Coll.0549","/repositories/5/resources/793"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Abraham Lincoln Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Abraham Lincoln Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Abraham Lincoln Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"access_terms_ssm":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Printed ephemera","Political postcards"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Printed ephemera","Political postcards"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1 Files"],"extent_tesim":["1 Files"],"date_range_isim":[1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePreferred citation: [Identification of item], Abraham Lincoln Collection, WLU Coll. 0549, Special Collections and Archives, James G. Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA \u003cp\u003eIn some cases the citation format may vary. Please contact Special Collections' staff to verify the appropriate format.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Preferred citation: [Identification of item], Abraham Lincoln Collection, WLU Coll. 0549, Special Collections and Archives, James G. Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA  In some cases the citation format may vary. Please contact Special Collections' staff to verify the appropriate format."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection contains photographs, pamphlets, newspapers, cigar box labels (lithographs), cartes des visites, postcard, etc about Abraham Lincoln.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Collection contains photographs, pamphlets, newspapers, cigar box labels (lithographs), cartes des visites, postcard, etc about Abraham Lincoln."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections."],"names_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865"],"corpname_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives"],"names_coll_ssim":["Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865"],"persname_ssim":["Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:35:07.914Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_793","ead_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_793","_root_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_793","_nest_parent_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_793","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WLU/repositories_5_resources_793.xml","title_ssm":["Abraham Lincoln Collection"],"title_tesim":["Abraham Lincoln Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["Inclusive 1860-1965"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["Inclusive 1860-1965"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["WLU.Coll.0549","/repositories/5/resources/793"],"text":["WLU.Coll.0549","/repositories/5/resources/793","Abraham Lincoln Collection","Printed ephemera","Political postcards","Collection contains photographs, pamphlets, newspapers, cigar box labels (lithographs), cartes des visites, postcard, etc about Abraham Lincoln.","The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections.","Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865","English"],"unitid_tesim":["WLU.Coll.0549","/repositories/5/resources/793"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Abraham Lincoln Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Abraham Lincoln Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Abraham Lincoln Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"access_terms_ssm":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Printed ephemera","Political postcards"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Printed ephemera","Political postcards"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1 Files"],"extent_tesim":["1 Files"],"date_range_isim":[1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePreferred citation: [Identification of item], Abraham Lincoln Collection, WLU Coll. 0549, Special Collections and Archives, James G. Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA \u003cp\u003eIn some cases the citation format may vary. Please contact Special Collections' staff to verify the appropriate format.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Preferred citation: [Identification of item], Abraham Lincoln Collection, WLU Coll. 0549, Special Collections and Archives, James G. Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA  In some cases the citation format may vary. Please contact Special Collections' staff to verify the appropriate format."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection contains photographs, pamphlets, newspapers, cigar box labels (lithographs), cartes des visites, postcard, etc about Abraham Lincoln.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Collection contains photographs, pamphlets, newspapers, cigar box labels (lithographs), cartes des visites, postcard, etc about Abraham Lincoln."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections."],"names_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865"],"corpname_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives"],"names_coll_ssim":["Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865"],"persname_ssim":["Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:35:07.914Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_793"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1194_c03_c01","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"A brochure on Montgomery County; a souvenir of the Williams Jennings Bryant addressed to the Virginia Legislature (1884); Brochures of the Stonewall Jackson Institute (1884); Railway Express receipts signed by T.E. Sullivan; Newspaper clippings for family wedding and death announcements.","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1194_c03_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1194_c03_c01","ref_ssm":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1194_c03_c01"],"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1194_c03_c01","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1194","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1194","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1194_c03","parent_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1194_c03","parent_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1194","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1194_c03"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1194","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1194_c03"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Sullivan Family Papers","Brochures, Souvenirs and Photographs"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Sullivan Family Papers","Brochures, Souvenirs and Photographs"],"text":["Sullivan Family Papers","Brochures, Souvenirs and Photographs","A brochure on Montgomery County; a souvenir of the Williams Jennings Bryant addressed to the Virginia Legislature (1884); Brochures of the Stonewall Jackson Institute (1884); Railway Express receipts signed by T.E. Sullivan; Newspaper clippings for family wedding and death announcements.","box 1","folder 8"],"title_filing_ssi":"A brochure on Montgomery County; a souvenir of the Williams Jennings Bryant addressed to the Virginia Legislature (1884); Brochures of the Stonewall Jackson Institute (1884); Railway Express receipts signed by T.E. Sullivan; Newspaper clippings for family wedding and death announcements.","title_ssm":["A brochure on Montgomery County; a souvenir of the Williams Jennings Bryant addressed to the Virginia Legislature (1884); Brochures of the Stonewall Jackson Institute (1884); Railway Express receipts signed by T.E. Sullivan; Newspaper clippings for family wedding and death announcements."],"title_tesim":["A brochure on Montgomery County; a souvenir of the Williams Jennings Bryant addressed to the Virginia Legislature (1884); Brochures of the Stonewall Jackson Institute (1884); Railway Express receipts signed by T.E. Sullivan; Newspaper clippings for family wedding and death announcements."],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1860-1957"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1860/1957"],"normalized_title_ssm":["A brochure on Montgomery County; a souvenir of the Williams Jennings Bryant addressed to the Virginia Legislature (1884); Brochures of the Stonewall Jackson Institute (1884); Railway Express receipts signed by T.E. Sullivan; Newspaper clippings for family wedding and death announcements."],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"collection_ssim":["Sullivan Family Papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":12,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"date_range_isim":[1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957],"containers_ssim":["box 1","folder 8"],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#0","timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:02:08.582Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1194","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1194","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1194","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1194","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1194.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Sullivan Family Papers","title_ssm":["Sullivan Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Sullivan Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1800-1957"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1800-1957"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1956.001"],"text":["Ms.1956.001","Sullivan Family Papers","Blacksburg (Va.)","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Montgomery County (Va.)","Women -- History","The collection is open for research.","TAX TICKETS AND RECEIPTS, 1800-1902 (Box 1, Folder 1-6) ","This series comprises various tax receipts and tax tickets from Montgomery County and the state of Virginia. The tickets are arranged by the type of ticket and then chronologically. ","PERSONAL CORRESPONDENCE, 1883-1889 (Box 1, Folder 7) ","This set of the series contains the personal correspondence of Miss Lake V. Sullivan which is arranged chronologically. ","BROCHURES, SOUVENIRS AND PHOTOGRAPHS, 1860-1957 (Box 1, Folder 8) ","This series is composed of various brochures, souvenirs and photographs, and is not arranged. ","LEDGERS AND TAX BOOKS, 1882-1902 (Box 2) ","This series includes tax books and ledgers and is not arranged. ","Members of the Sullivan family include T.E. Sullivan, a licensed attorney; C.W. Sullivan, treasurer of Montgomery County; A.O. Sullivan, paymaster to the Virginia House of Delegates; Reverend J.O. Sullivan, the president of the Stonewall Jackson Institute in Abingdon, Virginia; Miss Lake V. Sullivan, a teacher at the Stonewall Jackson Institute and principal of Stuart Female College; and Mary Maude Sullivan.","The guide to the Sullivan Family Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Sullivan Family Papers was completed in 2002.","The Sullivan Family Papers (1800-1957) comprises tax books and receipts, personal letters, brochures, souvenirs, photographs, tax books and ledgers. The tax books and receipts series contains large ledger size sheets, tax receipts and tickets for Montgomery County. The personal correspondence series includes letters and postcards addressed to Miss Lake V. Sullivan from various family members and friends. The brochures, souvenirs and photographs series contains many miscellaneous materials relating to the Sullivan family. The ledgers and tax books series has a book of tax tickets for the Blacksburg tax district; A.O. Sullivan's Pay-master ledger book for the Constitutional Convention; C.W. Sullivan's Bank Book for the Farmers National Bank in Salem, Virginia and the Montgomery Savings Bank; A.O. Sullivan's Pay-roll book for the Virginia House of Delegates; and Lorentz and Sullivan's mill ledger books for Blacksburg, Virginia district taxes.","Ledgers and Tax Books  Lorentz and Sullivan Mill Ledger, 1882-1884  Book of Tax Tickets for the Blacksburg tax district, 1885  A.O. Sullivan Pay-Master Constitutional Convention, 1901-1902  A.O. Sullivan's Pay-roll book for the Virginia House of Delegates, 1891-1892  C.W. Sullivan's Bank Book for the Farmers National Bank in Salem, Virginia and the Montgomery Savings Bank, 1884 ","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This collection contains 19th century tax records and personal correspondence of the Sullivan family of Christiansburg, Virginia.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Sullivan family (Virginia)","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1956.001"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Sullivan Family Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Sullivan Family Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Sullivan Family Papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["Blacksburg (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Blacksburg (Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Sullivan family (Virginia)"],"creator_ssim":["Sullivan family (Virginia)"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Sullivan family (Virginia)"],"creators_ssim":["Sullivan family (Virginia)"],"places_ssim":["Blacksburg (Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was donated to Virginia Tech in April 1956."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Montgomery County (Va.)","Women -- History"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Montgomery County (Va.)","Women -- History"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2 Cubic Feet 2 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["2 Cubic Feet 2 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTAX TICKETS AND RECEIPTS, 1800-1902 (Box 1, Folder 1-6) \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis series comprises various tax receipts and tax tickets from Montgomery County and the state of Virginia. The tickets are arranged by the type of ticket and then chronologically. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePERSONAL CORRESPONDENCE, 1883-1889 (Box 1, Folder 7) \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis set of the series contains the personal correspondence of Miss Lake V. Sullivan which is arranged chronologically. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBROCHURES, SOUVENIRS AND PHOTOGRAPHS, 1860-1957 (Box 1, Folder 8) \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis series is composed of various brochures, souvenirs and photographs, and is not arranged. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLEDGERS AND TAX BOOKS, 1882-1902 (Box 2) \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes tax books and ledgers and is not arranged. \u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Description of Series"],"arrangement_tesim":["TAX TICKETS AND RECEIPTS, 1800-1902 (Box 1, Folder 1-6) ","This series comprises various tax receipts and tax tickets from Montgomery County and the state of Virginia. The tickets are arranged by the type of ticket and then chronologically. ","PERSONAL CORRESPONDENCE, 1883-1889 (Box 1, Folder 7) ","This set of the series contains the personal correspondence of Miss Lake V. Sullivan which is arranged chronologically. ","BROCHURES, SOUVENIRS AND PHOTOGRAPHS, 1860-1957 (Box 1, Folder 8) ","This series is composed of various brochures, souvenirs and photographs, and is not arranged. ","LEDGERS AND TAX BOOKS, 1882-1902 (Box 2) ","This series includes tax books and ledgers and is not arranged. "],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMembers of the Sullivan family include T.E. Sullivan, a licensed attorney; C.W. Sullivan, treasurer of Montgomery County; A.O. Sullivan, paymaster to the Virginia House of Delegates; Reverend J.O. Sullivan, the president of the Stonewall Jackson Institute in Abingdon, Virginia; Miss Lake V. Sullivan, a teacher at the Stonewall Jackson Institute and principal of Stuart Female College; and Mary Maude Sullivan.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Members of the Sullivan family include T.E. Sullivan, a licensed attorney; C.W. Sullivan, treasurer of Montgomery County; A.O. Sullivan, paymaster to the Virginia House of Delegates; Reverend J.O. Sullivan, the president of the Stonewall Jackson Institute in Abingdon, Virginia; Miss Lake V. Sullivan, a teacher at the Stonewall Jackson Institute and principal of Stuart Female College; and Mary Maude Sullivan."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Sullivan Family Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Sullivan Family Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Sullivan Family Papers, Ms1956-001, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Sullivan Family Papers, Ms1956-001, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Sullivan Family Papers was completed in 2002.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Sullivan Family Papers was completed in 2002."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Sullivan Family Papers (1800-1957) comprises tax books and receipts, personal letters, brochures, souvenirs, photographs, tax books and ledgers. The tax books and receipts series contains large ledger size sheets, tax receipts and tickets for Montgomery County. The personal correspondence series includes letters and postcards addressed to Miss Lake V. Sullivan from various family members and friends. The brochures, souvenirs and photographs series contains many miscellaneous materials relating to the Sullivan family. The ledgers and tax books series has a book of tax tickets for the Blacksburg tax district; A.O. Sullivan's Pay-master ledger book for the Constitutional Convention; C.W. Sullivan's Bank Book for the Farmers National Bank in Salem, Virginia and the Montgomery Savings Bank; A.O. Sullivan's Pay-roll book for the Virginia House of Delegates; and Lorentz and Sullivan's mill ledger books for Blacksburg, Virginia district taxes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003chead\u003eLedgers and Tax Books \u003c/head\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eLorentz and Sullivan Mill Ledger, 1882-1884 \u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBook of Tax Tickets for the Blacksburg tax district, 1885 \u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eA.O. Sullivan Pay-Master Constitutional Convention, 1901-1902 \u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eA.O. Sullivan's Pay-roll book for the Virginia House of Delegates, 1891-1892 \u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eC.W. Sullivan's Bank Book for the Farmers National Bank in Salem, Virginia and the Montgomery Savings Bank, 1884 \u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents note"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Sullivan Family Papers (1800-1957) comprises tax books and receipts, personal letters, brochures, souvenirs, photographs, tax books and ledgers. The tax books and receipts series contains large ledger size sheets, tax receipts and tickets for Montgomery County. The personal correspondence series includes letters and postcards addressed to Miss Lake V. Sullivan from various family members and friends. The brochures, souvenirs and photographs series contains many miscellaneous materials relating to the Sullivan family. The ledgers and tax books series has a book of tax tickets for the Blacksburg tax district; A.O. Sullivan's Pay-master ledger book for the Constitutional Convention; C.W. Sullivan's Bank Book for the Farmers National Bank in Salem, Virginia and the Montgomery Savings Bank; A.O. Sullivan's Pay-roll book for the Virginia House of Delegates; and Lorentz and Sullivan's mill ledger books for Blacksburg, Virginia district taxes.","Ledgers and Tax Books  Lorentz and Sullivan Mill Ledger, 1882-1884  Book of Tax Tickets for the Blacksburg tax district, 1885  A.O. Sullivan Pay-Master Constitutional Convention, 1901-1902  A.O. Sullivan's Pay-roll book for the Virginia House of Delegates, 1891-1892  C.W. Sullivan's Bank Book for the Farmers National Bank in Salem, Virginia and the Montgomery Savings Bank, 1884 "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_b48bdde4286fe5619565e495b33ad988\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection contains 19th century tax records and personal correspondence of the Sullivan family of Christiansburg, Virginia.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains 19th century tax records and personal correspondence of the Sullivan family of Christiansburg, Virginia."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Sullivan family (Virginia)"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"famname_ssim":["Sullivan family (Virginia)"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":12,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:02:08.582Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1194_c03_c01"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5880_c02_c1180","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"\"Absent\" sheet music","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5880_c02_c1180#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5880_c02_c1180","ref_ssm":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5880_c02_c1180"],"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5880_c02_c1180","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5880","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5880","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5880_c02","parent_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5880_c02","parent_ssim":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5880","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5880_c02"],"parent_ids_ssim":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5880","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5880_c02"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Siler Family Papers","Series 2. J. Hammond Siler, Sr. (boxes S2/Box 1-S2/Box 89)"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Siler Family Papers","Series 2. J. Hammond Siler, Sr. (boxes S2/Box 1-S2/Box 89)"],"text":["Siler Family Papers","Series 2. J. Hammond Siler, Sr. (boxes S2/Box 1-S2/Box 89)","\"Absent\" sheet music","Box S2/Box 86","Folder 16"],"title_filing_ssi":"\"Absent\" sheet music","title_ssm":["\"Absent\" sheet music"],"title_tesim":["\"Absent\" sheet music"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["ca. 1848-1968"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1848/1968"],"normalized_title_ssm":["\"Absent\" sheet music"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"collection_ssim":["Siler Family Papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":1360,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["No special access restriction applies."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"date_range_isim":[1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968],"containers_ssim":["Box S2/Box 86","Folder 16"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#1179","timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:52:04.570Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5880","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5880","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5880","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5880","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_5880.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/198957","title_ssm":["Siler Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Siler Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1848-1968"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1848-1968"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 2200","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5880"],"text":["A\u0026M 2200","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5880","Siler Family Papers","Berkeley Springs (W. Va.)","Town of Bath, West Virginia - Berkeley Springs.","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Bank of Berkeley Springs - Banks and Banking.","Banks and Banking - American Institute of Banking.","Banks and Banking - Bank of Berkeley Springs.","Banks and Banking - Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond.","Banks and Banking - Financial Public Relations Association.","Banks and Banking - First Virginia Corporation.","Banks and banking","Berkeley Glass Sand Company -- Glass Sand Industry","Berkeley Springs Water Works and Improvement Co. -- Power Industry","Bibles","Blueprints","Bonds -- Citizens Trust and Guaranty Company of West Virginia","Bowling","Poetry --  Nannie S. Castleman","Church schools -- Episcopal High School (Alexandria, Va.)","Churches  -- Episcopal","Civil War -- Confederate newspapers","Civil War -- Description","Civil War - political factions.","Civil War -- Confederate letters","Confederate States of America - secession crisis.","Diaries and journals.","Episcopal Church - Churches.","Church schools -- Episcopal High School (Alexandria, Va.)","Estates and estate settlements.","Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond - Banks and Banking.","Financial Public Relations Association - Banks and Banking.","First Virginia Corporation - Banks and Banking.","General stores - Hammond and Siler.","Glass Sand Industry - Berkeley Glass Sand Company.","Glass Sand Industry - Pennsylvania Glass Sand Corporation.","Hancock Steel Company - Steel.","Insurance - V. E. Johnson Insurance Agency.","Land - deeds and grants.","Land Plat.","Lawyers - letters and papers.","Ledgers.","Libraries - Morgan County Library.","Magazines.","Freemasons","Morgan County - Circuit Court.","Morgan County Library - Libraries.","Music - Sheet music.","Northern Virginia Power Company - Power Industry.","Pennsylvania Glass Sand Corporation - Glass Sand Industry.","Poetry --  Nannie S. Castleman","Political factions - Civil War.","Politics - Secession of Virginia.","Politics and government.","Railroads - Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.","Railroads - Western Maryland Railroad Company.","Rhodes scholarships","Rock Gap Coal and Mining Company - Stocks.","Scrapbooks","Secession of Virginia - Politics.","Business correspondence","No special access restriction applies.","missing; 2011/04/15; mrr","\nseries 2, box 47, folder 13","\n--","archives and manuscripts; photographs / postcards / prints / etc.","This is a collection of letters and documents tracing the personal and business life of an eastern panhandle West Virginia family. The papers concern a broad range of political, social, financial, and legal topics, particularly focusing on J. Hammond Siler, Jr., his parents, J. Hammond Siler, Sr. and Jessie Castleman Siler (residents of the Town of Bath better known as Berkeley Springs). Also includes correspondence and other papers from related families. Subjects include banking, the Civil War, the Episcopal church, secession of Virginia, Virginia Loyalty Oath, women's diaries, and women's letters and papers. A notable item in the collection is the diary of Anne Doyne Wolff Strother, wife of artist and writer David Hunter Strother, documenting a trip with husband and daughter Emily to New Orleans in 1857 (S2/Box 67, folder 1a).","Series include:","Series 1. J. Hammond Siler, Jr. (ca. 1848-1968), boxes S1/Box 1-S1/Box 50 \nSeries 2. J. Hammond Siler, Sr. (ca. 1848-1968), boxes S2/Box 1-S2/Box 89 \nSeries 3. Jessie Castleman Siler (ca. 1848-1968), boxes S3/Box 1-S3/Box 2 \nSeries 4. A.C. Hammond (ca. 1848-1968), boxes S4/Box 1-S4/Box 4 \nSeries 5. Ann R. Castleman (ca. 1848-1968), boxes S5/Box 1-S5/Box 2 \nSeries 6. Photographs (ca. 1848-1968), box S6/Box 1 \nSeries 7. Wrapped Packages (ca. 1848-1968), Wrapped Packages 1-26 \nSeries 8. Oversize Material (ca. 1848-1968), box S8/Box 1","This series includes the personal and business papers and correspondence of J. Hammond Siler, Jr. and his career with the Federal Bank Reserve of Richmond, VA. Also included are records of various regional and national banking conferences and assorted printed material.","This series includes the personal and legal correspondence and papers of J. Hammond Siler, Sr. and his career as a lawyer in West Virginia. Also included are assorted deeds, ledgers, and pamphlets on various legal and religious topics.","This series includes the personal correspondence of Jessie Castleman Siler, wife of J. Hammond Siler, Sr. Also included is material regarding the Red Cross.","This series includes the personal correspondence of A.C. Hammond. Also included are material regarding Hammond's finances and assorted legal papers.","This series includes the personal correspondence and financial papers of Ann R. Castleman. Also includes the correspondence of other members of the Castleman family and genealogical material for the Hammond, Castleman, and Siler families.","This series includes assorted photographs of the Siler family.","This series includes ledgers for the Hammond \u0026 Siler and John T. Siler \u0026 Son businesses, assorted account books, and family bibles.","This series consists of assorted oversize material, including blueprints, children's books, and sheet music.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","American Institute of Banking","Baltimore Trust Company","Bull and Bear Club","Citizens Trust and Guaranty Company of West Virginia - Bonds.","Emerald Shillelagh Chowder and Marching Society, Inc.","Hammond and Siler General Store.","Virginia. General Assembly. House of Delegates","Montgomery Ward","American Red Cross","Sears, Roebuck and Company","Steel - Hancock Steel Company.","Great Cacapon Silica Sand Company","Seiler family","Campbell family","Castleman family - Genealogy","Hammond family - Genealogy","Humphries family - Genealogy","Isler family - Genealogy","Shepard family - Genealogy","Seller family - Genealogy","Armstrong, James D.","Castleman, Ann Rebecca Isler.","Castleman, Estelle.","Castleman, Frank A.","Castleman, Sarah Jane.","Faulkner, Charles James, 1806-1884","Hammond, Allen C.","Hammond, Cadet N.","Hotee, John.","Randolph, Emily Strother.","Rinehart, E. A.","Siler, J. Hammond Jr.","Siler, J. Hammond Sr.","Siler, Jessie Castleman.","Siler, John T.","Strother, Anne Doyne.","Van Gosen, James D.","Whisner, Samuel.","Widmyer, P. S.","Hardin, Moses","English"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 2200","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5880"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Siler Family Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Siler Family Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Siler Family Papers"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Berkeley Springs (W. Va.)","Town of Bath, West Virginia - Berkeley Springs.","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"geogname_ssim":["Berkeley Springs (W. Va.)","Town of Bath, West Virginia - Berkeley Springs.","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"creator_ssm":["Seiler family"],"creator_ssim":["Seiler family"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Seiler family"],"creators_ssim":["Seiler family"],"places_ssim":["Berkeley Springs (W. Va.)","Town of Bath, West Virginia - Berkeley Springs.","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchase from (in process), (in process)"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Bank of Berkeley Springs - Banks and Banking.","Banks and Banking - American Institute of Banking.","Banks and Banking - Bank of Berkeley Springs.","Banks and Banking - Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond.","Banks and Banking - Financial Public Relations Association.","Banks and Banking - First Virginia Corporation.","Banks and banking","Berkeley Glass Sand Company -- Glass Sand Industry","Berkeley Springs Water Works and Improvement Co. -- Power Industry","Bibles","Blueprints","Bonds -- Citizens Trust and Guaranty Company of West Virginia","Bowling","Poetry --  Nannie S. Castleman","Church schools -- Episcopal High School (Alexandria, Va.)","Churches  -- Episcopal","Civil War -- Confederate newspapers","Civil War -- Description","Civil War - political factions.","Civil War -- Confederate letters","Confederate States of America - secession crisis.","Diaries and journals.","Episcopal Church - Churches.","Church schools -- Episcopal High School (Alexandria, Va.)","Estates and estate settlements.","Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond - Banks and Banking.","Financial Public Relations Association - Banks and Banking.","First Virginia Corporation - Banks and Banking.","General stores - Hammond and Siler.","Glass Sand Industry - Berkeley Glass Sand Company.","Glass Sand Industry - Pennsylvania Glass Sand Corporation.","Hancock Steel Company - Steel.","Insurance - V. E. Johnson Insurance Agency.","Land - deeds and grants.","Land Plat.","Lawyers - letters and papers.","Ledgers.","Libraries - Morgan County Library.","Magazines.","Freemasons","Morgan County - Circuit Court.","Morgan County Library - Libraries.","Music - Sheet music.","Northern Virginia Power Company - Power Industry.","Pennsylvania Glass Sand Corporation - Glass Sand Industry.","Poetry --  Nannie S. Castleman","Political factions - Civil War.","Politics - Secession of Virginia.","Politics and government.","Railroads - Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.","Railroads - Western Maryland Railroad Company.","Rhodes scholarships","Rock Gap Coal and Mining Company - Stocks.","Scrapbooks","Secession of Virginia - Politics.","Business correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Bank of Berkeley Springs - Banks and Banking.","Banks and Banking - American Institute of Banking.","Banks and Banking - Bank of Berkeley Springs.","Banks and Banking - Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond.","Banks and Banking - Financial Public Relations Association.","Banks and Banking - First Virginia Corporation.","Banks and banking","Berkeley Glass Sand Company -- Glass Sand Industry","Berkeley Springs Water Works and Improvement Co. -- Power Industry","Bibles","Blueprints","Bonds -- Citizens Trust and Guaranty Company of West Virginia","Bowling","Poetry --  Nannie S. Castleman","Church schools -- Episcopal High School (Alexandria, Va.)","Churches  -- Episcopal","Civil War -- Confederate newspapers","Civil War -- Description","Civil War - political factions.","Civil War -- Confederate letters","Confederate States of America - secession crisis.","Diaries and journals.","Episcopal Church - Churches.","Church schools -- Episcopal High School (Alexandria, Va.)","Estates and estate settlements.","Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond - Banks and Banking.","Financial Public Relations Association - Banks and Banking.","First Virginia Corporation - Banks and Banking.","General stores - Hammond and Siler.","Glass Sand Industry - Berkeley Glass Sand Company.","Glass Sand Industry - Pennsylvania Glass Sand Corporation.","Hancock Steel Company - Steel.","Insurance - V. E. Johnson Insurance Agency.","Land - deeds and grants.","Land Plat.","Lawyers - letters and papers.","Ledgers.","Libraries - Morgan County Library.","Magazines.","Freemasons","Morgan County - Circuit Court.","Morgan County Library - Libraries.","Music - Sheet music.","Northern Virginia Power Company - Power Industry.","Pennsylvania Glass Sand Corporation - Glass Sand Industry.","Poetry --  Nannie S. Castleman","Political factions - Civil War.","Politics - Secession of Virginia.","Politics and government.","Railroads - Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.","Railroads - Western Maryland Railroad Company.","Rhodes scholarships","Rock Gap Coal and Mining Company - Stocks.","Scrapbooks","Secession of Virginia - Politics.","Business correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["66.6 Linear Feet Summary: 66 ft. 7 in. (149 document cases, 5 in. each); (1 document case, 2 1/2 in.); (1 small flat storage box, 3 1/2 in.); (2 oversize folders, 2 in.); (25 wrapped packages, 3 ft. 8 in.)"],"extent_tesim":["66.6 Linear Feet Summary: 66 ft. 7 in. (149 document cases, 5 in. each); (1 document case, 2 1/2 in.); (1 small flat storage box, 3 1/2 in.); (2 oversize folders, 2 in.); (25 wrapped packages, 3 ft. 8 in.)"],"genreform_ssim":["Business correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003emissing; 2011/04/15; mrr\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nseries 2, box 47, folder 13\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n--\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003earchives and manuscripts; photographs / postcards / prints / etc.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Legacy Administrative Notes","Legacy Formats"],"odd_tesim":["missing; 2011/04/15; mrr","\nseries 2, box 47, folder 13","\n--","archives and manuscripts; photographs / postcards / prints / etc."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Siler Family Papers, A\u0026amp;M 2200, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Siler Family Papers, A\u0026M 2200, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis is a collection of letters and documents tracing the personal and business life of an eastern panhandle West Virginia family. The papers concern a broad range of political, social, financial, and legal topics, particularly focusing on J. Hammond Siler, Jr., his parents, J. Hammond Siler, Sr. and Jessie Castleman Siler (residents of the Town of Bath better known as Berkeley Springs). Also includes correspondence and other papers from related families. Subjects include banking, the Civil War, the Episcopal church, secession of Virginia, Virginia Loyalty Oath, women's diaries, and women's letters and papers. A notable item in the collection is the diary of Anne Doyne Wolff Strother, wife of artist and writer David Hunter Strother, documenting a trip with husband and daughter Emily to New Orleans in 1857 (S2/Box 67, folder 1a).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries include:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1. J. Hammond Siler, Jr. (ca. 1848-1968), boxes S1/Box 1-S1/Box 50\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 2. J. Hammond Siler, Sr. (ca. 1848-1968), boxes S2/Box 1-S2/Box 89\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 3. Jessie Castleman Siler (ca. 1848-1968), boxes S3/Box 1-S3/Box 2\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 4. A.C. Hammond (ca. 1848-1968), boxes S4/Box 1-S4/Box 4\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 5. Ann R. Castleman (ca. 1848-1968), boxes S5/Box 1-S5/Box 2\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 6. Photographs (ca. 1848-1968), box S6/Box 1\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 7. Wrapped Packages (ca. 1848-1968), Wrapped Packages 1-26\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 8. Oversize Material (ca. 1848-1968), box S8/Box 1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes the personal and business papers and correspondence of J. Hammond Siler, Jr. and his career with the Federal Bank Reserve of Richmond, VA. Also included are records of various regional and national banking conferences and assorted printed material.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes the personal and legal correspondence and papers of J. Hammond Siler, Sr. and his career as a lawyer in West Virginia. Also included are assorted deeds, ledgers, and pamphlets on various legal and religious topics.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes the personal correspondence of Jessie Castleman Siler, wife of J. Hammond Siler, Sr. Also included is material regarding the Red Cross.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes the personal correspondence of A.C. Hammond. Also included are material regarding Hammond's finances and assorted legal papers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes the personal correspondence and financial papers of Ann R. Castleman. Also includes the correspondence of other members of the Castleman family and genealogical material for the Hammond, Castleman, and Siler families.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes assorted photographs of the Siler family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes ledgers for the Hammond \u0026amp; Siler and John T. Siler \u0026amp; Son businesses, assorted account books, and family bibles.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series consists of assorted oversize material, including blueprints, children's books, and sheet music.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This is a collection of letters and documents tracing the personal and business life of an eastern panhandle West Virginia family. The papers concern a broad range of political, social, financial, and legal topics, particularly focusing on J. Hammond Siler, Jr., his parents, J. Hammond Siler, Sr. and Jessie Castleman Siler (residents of the Town of Bath better known as Berkeley Springs). Also includes correspondence and other papers from related families. Subjects include banking, the Civil War, the Episcopal church, secession of Virginia, Virginia Loyalty Oath, women's diaries, and women's letters and papers. A notable item in the collection is the diary of Anne Doyne Wolff Strother, wife of artist and writer David Hunter Strother, documenting a trip with husband and daughter Emily to New Orleans in 1857 (S2/Box 67, folder 1a).","Series include:","Series 1. J. Hammond Siler, Jr. (ca. 1848-1968), boxes S1/Box 1-S1/Box 50 \nSeries 2. J. Hammond Siler, Sr. (ca. 1848-1968), boxes S2/Box 1-S2/Box 89 \nSeries 3. Jessie Castleman Siler (ca. 1848-1968), boxes S3/Box 1-S3/Box 2 \nSeries 4. A.C. Hammond (ca. 1848-1968), boxes S4/Box 1-S4/Box 4 \nSeries 5. Ann R. Castleman (ca. 1848-1968), boxes S5/Box 1-S5/Box 2 \nSeries 6. Photographs (ca. 1848-1968), box S6/Box 1 \nSeries 7. Wrapped Packages (ca. 1848-1968), Wrapped Packages 1-26 \nSeries 8. Oversize Material (ca. 1848-1968), box S8/Box 1","This series includes the personal and business papers and correspondence of J. Hammond Siler, Jr. and his career with the Federal Bank Reserve of Richmond, VA. Also included are records of various regional and national banking conferences and assorted printed material.","This series includes the personal and legal correspondence and papers of J. Hammond Siler, Sr. and his career as a lawyer in West Virginia. Also included are assorted deeds, ledgers, and pamphlets on various legal and religious topics.","This series includes the personal correspondence of Jessie Castleman Siler, wife of J. Hammond Siler, Sr. Also included is material regarding the Red Cross.","This series includes the personal correspondence of A.C. Hammond. Also included are material regarding Hammond's finances and assorted legal papers.","This series includes the personal correspondence and financial papers of Ann R. Castleman. Also includes the correspondence of other members of the Castleman family and genealogical material for the Hammond, Castleman, and Siler families.","This series includes assorted photographs of the Siler family.","This series includes ledgers for the Hammond \u0026 Siler and John T. Siler \u0026 Son businesses, assorted account books, and family bibles.","This series consists of assorted oversize material, including blueprints, children's books, and sheet music."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_172a403f6611d4a5931c460b0b7692df\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_coll_ssim":["American Institute of Banking","Baltimore Trust Company","Bull and Bear Club","Citizens Trust and Guaranty Company of West Virginia - Bonds.","Emerald Shillelagh Chowder and Marching Society, Inc.","Hammond and Siler General Store.","Virginia. General Assembly. House of Delegates","Montgomery Ward","American Red Cross","Sears, Roebuck and Company","Steel - Hancock Steel Company.","Great Cacapon Silica Sand Company","Campbell family","Castleman family - Genealogy","Hammond family - Genealogy","Humphries family - Genealogy","Isler family - Genealogy","Shepard family - Genealogy","Seller family - Genealogy","Seiler family","Armstrong, James D.","Castleman, Ann Rebecca Isler.","Castleman, Estelle.","Castleman, Frank A.","Castleman, Sarah Jane.","Faulkner, Charles James, 1806-1884","Hammond, Allen C.","Hammond, Cadet N.","Hotee, John.","Randolph, Emily Strother.","Rinehart, E. A.","Siler, J. Hammond Jr.","Siler, J. Hammond Sr.","Siler, Jessie Castleman.","Siler, John T.","Strother, Anne Doyne.","Van Gosen, James D.","Whisner, Samuel.","Widmyer, P. S.","Hardin, Moses"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","American Institute of Banking","Baltimore Trust Company","Bull and Bear Club","Citizens Trust and Guaranty Company of West Virginia - Bonds.","Emerald Shillelagh Chowder and Marching Society, Inc.","Hammond and Siler General Store.","Virginia. General Assembly. House of Delegates","Montgomery Ward","American Red Cross","Sears, Roebuck and Company","Steel - Hancock Steel Company.","Great Cacapon Silica Sand Company","Seiler family","Campbell family","Castleman family - Genealogy","Hammond family - Genealogy","Humphries family - Genealogy","Isler family - Genealogy","Shepard family - Genealogy","Seller family - Genealogy","Armstrong, James D.","Castleman, Ann Rebecca Isler.","Castleman, Estelle.","Castleman, Frank A.","Castleman, Sarah Jane.","Faulkner, Charles James, 1806-1884","Hammond, Allen C.","Hammond, Cadet N.","Hotee, John.","Randolph, Emily Strother.","Rinehart, E. A.","Siler, J. Hammond Jr.","Siler, J. Hammond Sr.","Siler, Jessie Castleman.","Siler, John T.","Strother, Anne Doyne.","Van Gosen, James D.","Whisner, Samuel.","Widmyer, P. S.","Hardin, Moses"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","American Institute of Banking","Baltimore Trust Company","Bull and Bear Club","Citizens Trust and Guaranty Company of West Virginia - Bonds.","Emerald Shillelagh Chowder and Marching Society, Inc.","Hammond and Siler General Store.","Virginia. General Assembly. House of Delegates","Montgomery Ward","American Red Cross","Sears, Roebuck and Company","Steel - Hancock Steel Company.","Great Cacapon Silica Sand Company"],"famname_ssim":["Seiler family","Campbell family","Castleman family - Genealogy","Hammond family - Genealogy","Humphries family - Genealogy","Isler family - Genealogy","Shepard family - Genealogy","Seller family - Genealogy"],"persname_ssim":["Armstrong, James D.","Castleman, Ann Rebecca Isler.","Castleman, Estelle.","Castleman, Frank A.","Castleman, Sarah Jane.","Faulkner, Charles James, 1806-1884","Hammond, Allen C.","Hammond, Cadet N.","Hotee, John.","Randolph, Emily Strother.","Rinehart, E. A.","Siler, J. Hammond Jr.","Siler, J. Hammond Sr.","Siler, Jessie Castleman.","Siler, John T.","Strother, Anne Doyne.","Van Gosen, James D.","Whisner, Samuel.","Widmyer, P. S.","Hardin, Moses"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1463,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:52:04.570Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5880_c02_c1180"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6011","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"A.B. Stickney, Compiler, Genealogical Materials","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6011#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Stickney, A. B. (Alpheus Beede), 1840-1916","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6011#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"A collection of Genealogical material compiled by A. B. and Charlotte Stickney. Includes notes and letters regarding the Pierpont Family and the Stickney's research. Most of the papers deal with the lines of John, Francis, and Larkin Pierpont. For more detailed listings of the Pierpont and other families, see the processing notes.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6011#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6011","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6011","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6011","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6011","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_6011.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/199048","title_ssm":["A.B. Stickney, Compiler, Genealogical Materials"],"title_tesim":["A.B. Stickney, Compiler, Genealogical Materials"],"unitdate_ssm":["1838-1959"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1838-1959"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 2123","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/6011"],"text":["A\u0026M 2123","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/6011","A.B. Stickney, Compiler, Genealogical Materials","No special access restriction applies.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","A collection of Genealogical material compiled by A. B. and Charlotte Stickney. Includes notes and letters regarding the Pierpont Family and the Stickney's research. Most of the papers deal with the lines of John, Francis, and Larkin Pierpont. For more detailed listings of the Pierpont and other families, see the processing notes.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Stickney, A. B. (Alpheus Beede), 1840-1916","English"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 2123","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/6011"],"normalized_title_ssm":["A.B. Stickney, Compiler, Genealogical Materials"],"collection_title_tesim":["A.B. Stickney, Compiler, Genealogical Materials"],"collection_ssim":["A.B. Stickney, Compiler, Genealogical Materials"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"creator_ssm":["Stickney, A. B. (Alpheus Beede), 1840-1916"],"creator_ssim":["Stickney, A. B. (Alpheus Beede), 1840-1916"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Stickney, A. B. (Alpheus Beede), 1840-1916"],"creators_ssim":["Stickney, A. B. (Alpheus Beede), 1840-1916"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["5.4 Linear Feet Summary: 5 ft. 5 in. (13 document cases, 5 in. each)"],"extent_tesim":["5.4 Linear Feet Summary: 5 ft. 5 in. (13 document cases, 5 in. each)"],"date_range_isim":[1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], A.B. Stickney, Compiler, Genealogical Materials, A\u0026amp;M 2123, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], A.B. Stickney, Compiler, Genealogical Materials, A\u0026M 2123, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_85c01f14ad63528476301b8e1722bf2b\"\u003eA collection of Genealogical material compiled by A. B. and Charlotte Stickney. Includes notes and letters regarding the Pierpont Family and the Stickney's research. Most of the papers deal with the lines of John, Francis, and Larkin Pierpont. For more detailed listings of the Pierpont and other families, see the processing notes.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["A collection of Genealogical material compiled by A. B. and Charlotte Stickney. Includes notes and letters regarding the Pierpont Family and the Stickney's research. Most of the papers deal with the lines of John, Francis, and Larkin Pierpont. For more detailed listings of the Pierpont and other families, see the processing notes."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_bb8764e8f91f35531edd4c6659dd0cab\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Stickney, A. B. (Alpheus Beede), 1840-1916"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"names_coll_ssim":["Stickney, A. B. (Alpheus Beede), 1840-1916"],"persname_ssim":["Stickney, A. B. (Alpheus Beede), 1840-1916"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T01:10:05.035Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6011","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6011","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6011","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6011","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_6011.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/199048","title_ssm":["A.B. Stickney, Compiler, Genealogical Materials"],"title_tesim":["A.B. Stickney, Compiler, Genealogical Materials"],"unitdate_ssm":["1838-1959"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1838-1959"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 2123","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/6011"],"text":["A\u0026M 2123","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/6011","A.B. Stickney, Compiler, Genealogical Materials","No special access restriction applies.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","A collection of Genealogical material compiled by A. B. and Charlotte Stickney. Includes notes and letters regarding the Pierpont Family and the Stickney's research. Most of the papers deal with the lines of John, Francis, and Larkin Pierpont. For more detailed listings of the Pierpont and other families, see the processing notes.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Stickney, A. B. (Alpheus Beede), 1840-1916","English"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 2123","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/6011"],"normalized_title_ssm":["A.B. Stickney, Compiler, Genealogical Materials"],"collection_title_tesim":["A.B. Stickney, Compiler, Genealogical Materials"],"collection_ssim":["A.B. Stickney, Compiler, Genealogical Materials"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"creator_ssm":["Stickney, A. B. (Alpheus Beede), 1840-1916"],"creator_ssim":["Stickney, A. B. (Alpheus Beede), 1840-1916"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Stickney, A. B. (Alpheus Beede), 1840-1916"],"creators_ssim":["Stickney, A. B. (Alpheus Beede), 1840-1916"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["5.4 Linear Feet Summary: 5 ft. 5 in. (13 document cases, 5 in. each)"],"extent_tesim":["5.4 Linear Feet Summary: 5 ft. 5 in. (13 document cases, 5 in. each)"],"date_range_isim":[1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], A.B. Stickney, Compiler, Genealogical Materials, A\u0026amp;M 2123, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], A.B. Stickney, Compiler, Genealogical Materials, A\u0026M 2123, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_85c01f14ad63528476301b8e1722bf2b\"\u003eA collection of Genealogical material compiled by A. B. and Charlotte Stickney. Includes notes and letters regarding the Pierpont Family and the Stickney's research. Most of the papers deal with the lines of John, Francis, and Larkin Pierpont. For more detailed listings of the Pierpont and other families, see the processing notes.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["A collection of Genealogical material compiled by A. B. and Charlotte Stickney. Includes notes and letters regarding the Pierpont Family and the Stickney's research. Most of the papers deal with the lines of John, Francis, and Larkin Pierpont. For more detailed listings of the Pierpont and other families, see the processing notes."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_bb8764e8f91f35531edd4c6659dd0cab\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Stickney, A. B. (Alpheus Beede), 1840-1916"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"names_coll_ssim":["Stickney, A. B. (Alpheus Beede), 1840-1916"],"persname_ssim":["Stickney, A. B. (Alpheus Beede), 1840-1916"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T01:10:05.035Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6011"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6986_c01_c02","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Abstract of Oak Hill Post Office Property","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6986_c01_c02#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6986_c01_c02","ref_ssm":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6986_c01_c02"],"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6986_c01_c02","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6986","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6986","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6986_c01","parent_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6986_c01","parent_ssim":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6986","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6986_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6986","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6986_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Reverend C. Shirley Donnelly Collection","Series 1. Correspondence, Local Histories, and Records"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Reverend C. Shirley Donnelly Collection","Series 1. Correspondence, Local Histories, and Records"],"text":["Reverend C. Shirley Donnelly Collection","Series 1. Correspondence, Local Histories, and Records","Abstract of Oak Hill Post Office Property","Box 3","Folder 2","Item I00018"],"title_filing_ssi":"Abstract of Oak Hill Post Office Property","title_ssm":["Abstract of Oak Hill Post Office Property"],"title_tesim":["Abstract of Oak Hill Post Office Property"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1794-1916"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1794/1916"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Abstract of Oak Hill Post Office Property"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"collection_ssim":["Reverend C. Shirley Donnelly Collection"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":3,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["No special access restriction applies."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"date_range_isim":[1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916],"containers_ssim":["Box 3","Folder 2","Item I00018"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#1","timestamp":"2026-05-21T01:03:17.983Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6986","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6986","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6986","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6986","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_6986.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/231148","title_ssm":["Reverend C. Shirley Donnelly Collection"],"title_tesim":["Reverend C. Shirley Donnelly Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1731, 1781-1992, and undated","1860-1980"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1860-1980"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1731, 1781-1992, and undated"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 4590","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/6986"],"text":["A\u0026M 4590","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/6986","Reverend C. Shirley Donnelly Collection","Thurmond/Thurman, Fayette County, WV.","Fayette County (W. Va.)","Clay County (W. Va.)","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","West Virginia - religion","Coal mining - disasters.","Coal mines and mining -- West Virginia -- Fayette County","Land deeds and grants - Fayette County.","Coal mining - New River field.","United States Navy - USS WEST VIRGINIA.","Civil War --  letters","Civil War -- Confederate Army","West Virginia - Politics and government.","Murder","No special access restriction applies.","Clarence Shirley Donnelly (1895-1982) was a Baptist minister who collected historical records relating to the history of West Virginia, especially Fayette County and the surrounding area. He was born in Rock Castle, Jackson County, West Virginia, but spent much of his life in Oak Hill and Beckley, where he served as minister to the Oak Hill Baptist Church and Crab Orchard Baptist Church, respectively. He also served as a chaplain during World War II and received the Bronze Star and other medals for his actions. He founded the Fayette County Historical Society and led other historical organizations and also wrote frequently for the  Beckley Post-Herald  on various historical and related topics.","Additional material from Rev. C. Shirley Donnelly pertaining to his work was retained by the West Virginia Baptist Historical Society.","Reverend C. Shirley Donnelly, a Baptist minister and local historian, collected these materials for his own research and interest in West Virginia history. The collection contains various materials pertaining to coal mining and West Virginia history, especially in the New River area and Fayette County. It includes correspondence, land grant and deed records, pamphlets, journals, local histories, records, photographs, and art relating to mining and life in the New River area. One set of correspondence includes recollections, a yearbook, and newspaper clippings by a World War II sailor from the USS West Virginia. Another series of correspondence includes the antebellum, wartime, and postwar letters and personal receipts of Charles Dequasie, a Confederate soldier from Fayette County, West Virginia, and Robert Edward Dequasie's personal and business correspondence. Other ephemera includes West Virginia and mining journals and certificates belonging to Donnelly and others. A scrapbook and notebook of newspaper clippings pertain to early court hangings and executions in West Virginia. Political posters include those for West Virginia Governor William C. Marland and West Virginia Senators Harley Kilgore and Robert Byrd.","Includes correspondence between Donnelly and others about coal mining and mining accidents primarily in Fayette County, West Virginia, in the early twentieth century. Other correspondence includes letters from a sailor recalling his experiences on the USS West Virginia and personal correspondence of Donnelly on various topics. Local histories include manuscripts about the Civil War battle of Carnifex Ferry and the following areas in West Virginia: Thurmond; Fayette County; and Clay County. Highlights of local records include a book of West Virginia land grants (1820s-1840s), 18th and 19th century land deeds, and a roster and history of the West Virginia National Guard (1929, 1950).","Contains the personal correspondence, receipts, and inventories of Charles A. Dequasie, a Confederate soldier from Fayette County, West Virginia. Includes antebellum, wartime, and postwar correspondence with his wife, Rachel, and other family members. Also includes the personal and business correspondence (circa 1890-1920s) of his son, Robert Edward Lee Dequasie. Receipts mainly include the tax receipts of Charles Dequasie. Also included are Dequasie's 1865 military parole given at the war's end, as well as an 1862 Confederate travel pass from Richmond, Virginia.","Photographs and art illustrate different scenes and activities in West Virginia, especially in the New River Gorge area, such as schools, churches, landscapes, and individual and group portraits. Morgantown, Lansing, Hinton, Oak Hill, and various Fayette County towns are depicted. Some photographs focus on Civil War history while others focus mainly on Fayette County history. It also features art prints of the West Virginia state capitol and the New River Gorge Bridge, West Virginia.","Donnelly documented and saved newspaper clippings of the last public hangings and first executions by the electric chair in West Virginia, which is reflected in his scrapbook and his notebook of newspaper clippings on such events. It includes the original court reporter transcript of the circuit court in Fayette County and photographs relating to the murder case regarding the accused Lemuel Thomas Steed. Also includes Donnelly's ticket of admission to Steed's execution in 1948.","Political posters include original Democratic Party posters for West Virginia Governor William C. Marland and West Virginia Senators Harley Kilgore and Robert Byrd.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","West Virginia Baptist Historical Society","Donnelly, C. Shirley, Reverend","Higginbotham, Gary R.","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 4590","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/6986"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Reverend C. Shirley Donnelly Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Reverend C. Shirley Donnelly Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Reverend C. Shirley Donnelly Collection"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Thurmond/Thurman, Fayette County, WV.","Fayette County (W. Va.)","Clay County (W. Va.)","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"geogname_ssim":["Thurmond/Thurman, Fayette County, WV.","Fayette County (W. Va.)","Clay County (W. Va.)","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"creator_ssm":["Donnelly, C. Shirley, Reverend","West Virginia Baptist Historical Society","Higginbotham, Gary R."],"creator_ssim":["Donnelly, C. Shirley, Reverend","West Virginia Baptist Historical Society","Higginbotham, Gary R."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Donnelly, C. Shirley, Reverend","Higginbotham, Gary R."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia Baptist Historical Society"],"creators_ssim":["Donnelly, C. Shirley, Reverend","Higginbotham, Gary R.","West Virginia Baptist Historical Society"],"places_ssim":["Thurmond/Thurman, Fayette County, WV.","Fayette County (W. Va.)","Clay County (W. Va.)","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of the West Virginia Baptist Historical Society via archivist Gary Higginbotham, 2023 April 4 and September 21."],"access_subjects_ssim":["West Virginia - religion","Coal mining - disasters.","Coal mines and mining -- West Virginia -- Fayette County","Land deeds and grants - Fayette County.","Coal mining - New River field.","United States Navy - USS WEST VIRGINIA.","Civil War --  letters","Civil War -- Confederate Army","West Virginia - Politics and government.","Murder"],"access_subjects_ssm":["West Virginia - religion","Coal mining - disasters.","Coal mines and mining -- West Virginia -- Fayette County","Land deeds and grants - Fayette County.","Coal mining - New River field.","United States Navy - USS WEST VIRGINIA.","Civil War --  letters","Civil War -- Confederate Army","West Virginia - Politics and government.","Murder"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2.34 Linear Feet (3 document cases, 5 in. each); (1 document case, 2.5 in.); (1 flat storage box, 3.5 in.); (2 flat storage boxes, 3 in. each); (1 flat storage box, 1 in.); (1 oversize folder, 0.1 in.)"],"extent_tesim":["2.34 Linear Feet (3 document cases, 5 in. each); (1 document case, 2.5 in.); (1 flat storage box, 3.5 in.); (2 flat storage boxes, 3 in. each); (1 flat storage box, 1 in.); (1 oversize folder, 0.1 in.)"],"date_range_isim":[1731,1732,1733,1734,1735,1736,1737,1738,1739,1740,1741,1742,1743,1744,1745,1746,1747,1748,1749,1750,1751,1752,1753,1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eClarence Shirley Donnelly (1895-1982) was a Baptist minister who collected historical records relating to the history of West Virginia, especially Fayette County and the surrounding area. He was born in Rock Castle, Jackson County, West Virginia, but spent much of his life in Oak Hill and Beckley, where he served as minister to the Oak Hill Baptist Church and Crab Orchard Baptist Church, respectively. He also served as a chaplain during World War II and received the Bronze Star and other medals for his actions. He founded the Fayette County Historical Society and led other historical organizations and also wrote frequently for the \u003ctitle\u003e\u003cpart\u003eBeckley Post-Herald\u003c/part\u003e\u003c/title\u003e on various historical and related topics.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Clarence Shirley Donnelly (1895-1982) was a Baptist minister who collected historical records relating to the history of West Virginia, especially Fayette County and the surrounding area. He was born in Rock Castle, Jackson County, West Virginia, but spent much of his life in Oak Hill and Beckley, where he served as minister to the Oak Hill Baptist Church and Crab Orchard Baptist Church, respectively. He also served as a chaplain during World War II and received the Bronze Star and other medals for his actions. He founded the Fayette County Historical Society and led other historical organizations and also wrote frequently for the  Beckley Post-Herald  on various historical and related topics."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Reverend C. Shirley Donnelly Collection, A\u0026amp;M 4590, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Reverend C. Shirley Donnelly Collection, A\u0026M 4590, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional material from Rev. C. Shirley Donnelly pertaining to his work was retained by the West Virginia Baptist Historical Society.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional material from Rev. C. Shirley Donnelly pertaining to his work was retained by the West Virginia Baptist Historical Society."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eReverend C. Shirley Donnelly, a Baptist minister and local historian, collected these materials for his own research and interest in West Virginia history. The collection contains various materials pertaining to coal mining and West Virginia history, especially in the New River area and Fayette County. It includes correspondence, land grant and deed records, pamphlets, journals, local histories, records, photographs, and art relating to mining and life in the New River area. One set of correspondence includes recollections, a yearbook, and newspaper clippings by a World War II sailor from the USS West Virginia. Another series of correspondence includes the antebellum, wartime, and postwar letters and personal receipts of Charles Dequasie, a Confederate soldier from Fayette County, West Virginia, and Robert Edward Dequasie's personal and business correspondence. Other ephemera includes West Virginia and mining journals and certificates belonging to Donnelly and others. A scrapbook and notebook of newspaper clippings pertain to early court hangings and executions in West Virginia. Political posters include those for West Virginia Governor William C. Marland and West Virginia Senators Harley Kilgore and Robert Byrd.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes correspondence between Donnelly and others about coal mining and mining accidents primarily in Fayette County, West Virginia, in the early twentieth century. Other correspondence includes letters from a sailor recalling his experiences on the USS West Virginia and personal correspondence of Donnelly on various topics. Local histories include manuscripts about the Civil War battle of Carnifex Ferry and the following areas in West Virginia: Thurmond; Fayette County; and Clay County. Highlights of local records include a book of West Virginia land grants (1820s-1840s), 18th and 19th century land deeds, and a roster and history of the West Virginia National Guard (1929, 1950).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains the personal correspondence, receipts, and inventories of Charles A. Dequasie, a Confederate soldier from Fayette County, West Virginia. Includes antebellum, wartime, and postwar correspondence with his wife, Rachel, and other family members. Also includes the personal and business correspondence (circa 1890-1920s) of his son, Robert Edward Lee Dequasie. Receipts mainly include the tax receipts of Charles Dequasie. Also included are Dequasie's 1865 military parole given at the war's end, as well as an 1862 Confederate travel pass from Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs and art illustrate different scenes and activities in West Virginia, especially in the New River Gorge area, such as schools, churches, landscapes, and individual and group portraits. Morgantown, Lansing, Hinton, Oak Hill, and various Fayette County towns are depicted. Some photographs focus on Civil War history while others focus mainly on Fayette County history. It also features art prints of the West Virginia state capitol and the New River Gorge Bridge, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDonnelly documented and saved newspaper clippings of the last public hangings and first executions by the electric chair in West Virginia, which is reflected in his scrapbook and his notebook of newspaper clippings on such events. It includes the original court reporter transcript of the circuit court in Fayette County and photographs relating to the murder case regarding the accused Lemuel Thomas Steed. Also includes Donnelly's ticket of admission to Steed's execution in 1948.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePolitical posters include original Democratic Party posters for West Virginia Governor William C. Marland and West Virginia Senators Harley Kilgore and Robert Byrd.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Reverend C. Shirley Donnelly, a Baptist minister and local historian, collected these materials for his own research and interest in West Virginia history. The collection contains various materials pertaining to coal mining and West Virginia history, especially in the New River area and Fayette County. It includes correspondence, land grant and deed records, pamphlets, journals, local histories, records, photographs, and art relating to mining and life in the New River area. One set of correspondence includes recollections, a yearbook, and newspaper clippings by a World War II sailor from the USS West Virginia. Another series of correspondence includes the antebellum, wartime, and postwar letters and personal receipts of Charles Dequasie, a Confederate soldier from Fayette County, West Virginia, and Robert Edward Dequasie's personal and business correspondence. Other ephemera includes West Virginia and mining journals and certificates belonging to Donnelly and others. A scrapbook and notebook of newspaper clippings pertain to early court hangings and executions in West Virginia. Political posters include those for West Virginia Governor William C. Marland and West Virginia Senators Harley Kilgore and Robert Byrd.","Includes correspondence between Donnelly and others about coal mining and mining accidents primarily in Fayette County, West Virginia, in the early twentieth century. Other correspondence includes letters from a sailor recalling his experiences on the USS West Virginia and personal correspondence of Donnelly on various topics. Local histories include manuscripts about the Civil War battle of Carnifex Ferry and the following areas in West Virginia: Thurmond; Fayette County; and Clay County. Highlights of local records include a book of West Virginia land grants (1820s-1840s), 18th and 19th century land deeds, and a roster and history of the West Virginia National Guard (1929, 1950).","Contains the personal correspondence, receipts, and inventories of Charles A. Dequasie, a Confederate soldier from Fayette County, West Virginia. Includes antebellum, wartime, and postwar correspondence with his wife, Rachel, and other family members. Also includes the personal and business correspondence (circa 1890-1920s) of his son, Robert Edward Lee Dequasie. Receipts mainly include the tax receipts of Charles Dequasie. Also included are Dequasie's 1865 military parole given at the war's end, as well as an 1862 Confederate travel pass from Richmond, Virginia.","Photographs and art illustrate different scenes and activities in West Virginia, especially in the New River Gorge area, such as schools, churches, landscapes, and individual and group portraits. Morgantown, Lansing, Hinton, Oak Hill, and various Fayette County towns are depicted. Some photographs focus on Civil War history while others focus mainly on Fayette County history. It also features art prints of the West Virginia state capitol and the New River Gorge Bridge, West Virginia.","Donnelly documented and saved newspaper clippings of the last public hangings and first executions by the electric chair in West Virginia, which is reflected in his scrapbook and his notebook of newspaper clippings on such events. It includes the original court reporter transcript of the circuit court in Fayette County and photographs relating to the murder case regarding the accused Lemuel Thomas Steed. Also includes Donnelly's ticket of admission to Steed's execution in 1948.","Political posters include original Democratic Party posters for West Virginia Governor William C. Marland and West Virginia Senators Harley Kilgore and Robert Byrd."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_7ee539261c54c87aeb9b2faae1c24d17\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_coll_ssim":["West Virginia Baptist Historical Society","Higginbotham, Gary R."],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","West Virginia Baptist Historical Society","Donnelly, C. Shirley, Reverend","Higginbotham, Gary R."],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","West Virginia Baptist Historical Society"],"persname_ssim":["Donnelly, C. Shirley, Reverend","Higginbotham, Gary R."],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":138,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T01:03:17.983Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6986_c01_c02"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5880_c02_c830","type":"Box","attributes":{"title":"Abstracts","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5880_c02_c830#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5880_c02_c830","ref_ssm":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5880_c02_c830"],"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5880_c02_c830","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5880","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5880","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5880_c02","parent_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5880_c02","parent_ssim":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5880","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5880_c02"],"parent_ids_ssim":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5880","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5880_c02"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Siler Family Papers","Series 2. J. Hammond Siler, Sr. (boxes S2/Box 1-S2/Box 89)"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Siler Family Papers","Series 2. J. Hammond Siler, Sr. (boxes S2/Box 1-S2/Box 89)"],"text":["Siler Family Papers","Series 2. J. Hammond Siler, Sr. (boxes S2/Box 1-S2/Box 89)","Abstracts","Box S2/Box 49"],"title_filing_ssi":"Abstracts","title_ssm":["Abstracts"],"title_tesim":["Abstracts"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["ca. 1848-1968"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1848/1968"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Abstracts"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"collection_ssim":["Siler Family Papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Box"],"level_ssim":["Box"],"sort_isi":1010,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["No special access restriction applies."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"date_range_isim":[1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968],"containers_ssim":["Box S2/Box 49"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#829","timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:52:04.570Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5880","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5880","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5880","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5880","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_5880.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/198957","title_ssm":["Siler Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Siler Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1848-1968"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1848-1968"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 2200","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5880"],"text":["A\u0026M 2200","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5880","Siler Family Papers","Berkeley Springs (W. Va.)","Town of Bath, West Virginia - Berkeley Springs.","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Bank of Berkeley Springs - Banks and Banking.","Banks and Banking - American Institute of Banking.","Banks and Banking - Bank of Berkeley Springs.","Banks and Banking - Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond.","Banks and Banking - Financial Public Relations Association.","Banks and Banking - First Virginia Corporation.","Banks and banking","Berkeley Glass Sand Company -- Glass Sand Industry","Berkeley Springs Water Works and Improvement Co. -- Power Industry","Bibles","Blueprints","Bonds -- Citizens Trust and Guaranty Company of West Virginia","Bowling","Poetry --  Nannie S. Castleman","Church schools -- Episcopal High School (Alexandria, Va.)","Churches  -- Episcopal","Civil War -- Confederate newspapers","Civil War -- Description","Civil War - political factions.","Civil War -- Confederate letters","Confederate States of America - secession crisis.","Diaries and journals.","Episcopal Church - Churches.","Church schools -- Episcopal High School (Alexandria, Va.)","Estates and estate settlements.","Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond - Banks and Banking.","Financial Public Relations Association - Banks and Banking.","First Virginia Corporation - Banks and Banking.","General stores - Hammond and Siler.","Glass Sand Industry - Berkeley Glass Sand Company.","Glass Sand Industry - Pennsylvania Glass Sand Corporation.","Hancock Steel Company - Steel.","Insurance - V. E. Johnson Insurance Agency.","Land - deeds and grants.","Land Plat.","Lawyers - letters and papers.","Ledgers.","Libraries - Morgan County Library.","Magazines.","Freemasons","Morgan County - Circuit Court.","Morgan County Library - Libraries.","Music - Sheet music.","Northern Virginia Power Company - Power Industry.","Pennsylvania Glass Sand Corporation - Glass Sand Industry.","Poetry --  Nannie S. Castleman","Political factions - Civil War.","Politics - Secession of Virginia.","Politics and government.","Railroads - Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.","Railroads - Western Maryland Railroad Company.","Rhodes scholarships","Rock Gap Coal and Mining Company - Stocks.","Scrapbooks","Secession of Virginia - Politics.","Business correspondence","No special access restriction applies.","missing; 2011/04/15; mrr","\nseries 2, box 47, folder 13","\n--","archives and manuscripts; photographs / postcards / prints / etc.","This is a collection of letters and documents tracing the personal and business life of an eastern panhandle West Virginia family. The papers concern a broad range of political, social, financial, and legal topics, particularly focusing on J. Hammond Siler, Jr., his parents, J. Hammond Siler, Sr. and Jessie Castleman Siler (residents of the Town of Bath better known as Berkeley Springs). Also includes correspondence and other papers from related families. Subjects include banking, the Civil War, the Episcopal church, secession of Virginia, Virginia Loyalty Oath, women's diaries, and women's letters and papers. A notable item in the collection is the diary of Anne Doyne Wolff Strother, wife of artist and writer David Hunter Strother, documenting a trip with husband and daughter Emily to New Orleans in 1857 (S2/Box 67, folder 1a).","Series include:","Series 1. J. Hammond Siler, Jr. (ca. 1848-1968), boxes S1/Box 1-S1/Box 50 \nSeries 2. J. Hammond Siler, Sr. (ca. 1848-1968), boxes S2/Box 1-S2/Box 89 \nSeries 3. Jessie Castleman Siler (ca. 1848-1968), boxes S3/Box 1-S3/Box 2 \nSeries 4. A.C. Hammond (ca. 1848-1968), boxes S4/Box 1-S4/Box 4 \nSeries 5. Ann R. Castleman (ca. 1848-1968), boxes S5/Box 1-S5/Box 2 \nSeries 6. Photographs (ca. 1848-1968), box S6/Box 1 \nSeries 7. Wrapped Packages (ca. 1848-1968), Wrapped Packages 1-26 \nSeries 8. Oversize Material (ca. 1848-1968), box S8/Box 1","This series includes the personal and business papers and correspondence of J. Hammond Siler, Jr. and his career with the Federal Bank Reserve of Richmond, VA. Also included are records of various regional and national banking conferences and assorted printed material.","This series includes the personal and legal correspondence and papers of J. Hammond Siler, Sr. and his career as a lawyer in West Virginia. Also included are assorted deeds, ledgers, and pamphlets on various legal and religious topics.","This series includes the personal correspondence of Jessie Castleman Siler, wife of J. Hammond Siler, Sr. Also included is material regarding the Red Cross.","This series includes the personal correspondence of A.C. Hammond. Also included are material regarding Hammond's finances and assorted legal papers.","This series includes the personal correspondence and financial papers of Ann R. Castleman. Also includes the correspondence of other members of the Castleman family and genealogical material for the Hammond, Castleman, and Siler families.","This series includes assorted photographs of the Siler family.","This series includes ledgers for the Hammond \u0026 Siler and John T. Siler \u0026 Son businesses, assorted account books, and family bibles.","This series consists of assorted oversize material, including blueprints, children's books, and sheet music.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","American Institute of Banking","Baltimore Trust Company","Bull and Bear Club","Citizens Trust and Guaranty Company of West Virginia - Bonds.","Emerald Shillelagh Chowder and Marching Society, Inc.","Hammond and Siler General Store.","Virginia. General Assembly. House of Delegates","Montgomery Ward","American Red Cross","Sears, Roebuck and Company","Steel - Hancock Steel Company.","Great Cacapon Silica Sand Company","Seiler family","Campbell family","Castleman family - Genealogy","Hammond family - Genealogy","Humphries family - Genealogy","Isler family - Genealogy","Shepard family - Genealogy","Seller family - Genealogy","Armstrong, James D.","Castleman, Ann Rebecca Isler.","Castleman, Estelle.","Castleman, Frank A.","Castleman, Sarah Jane.","Faulkner, Charles James, 1806-1884","Hammond, Allen C.","Hammond, Cadet N.","Hotee, John.","Randolph, Emily Strother.","Rinehart, E. A.","Siler, J. Hammond Jr.","Siler, J. Hammond Sr.","Siler, Jessie Castleman.","Siler, John T.","Strother, Anne Doyne.","Van Gosen, James D.","Whisner, Samuel.","Widmyer, P. S.","Hardin, Moses","English"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 2200","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5880"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Siler Family Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Siler Family Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Siler Family Papers"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Berkeley Springs (W. Va.)","Town of Bath, West Virginia - Berkeley Springs.","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"geogname_ssim":["Berkeley Springs (W. Va.)","Town of Bath, West Virginia - Berkeley Springs.","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"creator_ssm":["Seiler family"],"creator_ssim":["Seiler family"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Seiler family"],"creators_ssim":["Seiler family"],"places_ssim":["Berkeley Springs (W. Va.)","Town of Bath, West Virginia - Berkeley Springs.","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchase from (in process), (in process)"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Bank of Berkeley Springs - Banks and Banking.","Banks and Banking - American Institute of Banking.","Banks and Banking - Bank of Berkeley Springs.","Banks and Banking - Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond.","Banks and Banking - Financial Public Relations Association.","Banks and Banking - First Virginia Corporation.","Banks and banking","Berkeley Glass Sand Company -- Glass Sand Industry","Berkeley Springs Water Works and Improvement Co. -- Power Industry","Bibles","Blueprints","Bonds -- Citizens Trust and Guaranty Company of West Virginia","Bowling","Poetry --  Nannie S. Castleman","Church schools -- Episcopal High School (Alexandria, Va.)","Churches  -- Episcopal","Civil War -- Confederate newspapers","Civil War -- Description","Civil War - political factions.","Civil War -- Confederate letters","Confederate States of America - secession crisis.","Diaries and journals.","Episcopal Church - Churches.","Church schools -- Episcopal High School (Alexandria, Va.)","Estates and estate settlements.","Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond - Banks and Banking.","Financial Public Relations Association - Banks and Banking.","First Virginia Corporation - Banks and Banking.","General stores - Hammond and Siler.","Glass Sand Industry - Berkeley Glass Sand Company.","Glass Sand Industry - Pennsylvania Glass Sand Corporation.","Hancock Steel Company - Steel.","Insurance - V. E. Johnson Insurance Agency.","Land - deeds and grants.","Land Plat.","Lawyers - letters and papers.","Ledgers.","Libraries - Morgan County Library.","Magazines.","Freemasons","Morgan County - Circuit Court.","Morgan County Library - Libraries.","Music - Sheet music.","Northern Virginia Power Company - Power Industry.","Pennsylvania Glass Sand Corporation - Glass Sand Industry.","Poetry --  Nannie S. Castleman","Political factions - Civil War.","Politics - Secession of Virginia.","Politics and government.","Railroads - Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.","Railroads - Western Maryland Railroad Company.","Rhodes scholarships","Rock Gap Coal and Mining Company - Stocks.","Scrapbooks","Secession of Virginia - Politics.","Business correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Bank of Berkeley Springs - Banks and Banking.","Banks and Banking - American Institute of Banking.","Banks and Banking - Bank of Berkeley Springs.","Banks and Banking - Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond.","Banks and Banking - Financial Public Relations Association.","Banks and Banking - First Virginia Corporation.","Banks and banking","Berkeley Glass Sand Company -- Glass Sand Industry","Berkeley Springs Water Works and Improvement Co. -- Power Industry","Bibles","Blueprints","Bonds -- Citizens Trust and Guaranty Company of West Virginia","Bowling","Poetry --  Nannie S. Castleman","Church schools -- Episcopal High School (Alexandria, Va.)","Churches  -- Episcopal","Civil War -- Confederate newspapers","Civil War -- Description","Civil War - political factions.","Civil War -- Confederate letters","Confederate States of America - secession crisis.","Diaries and journals.","Episcopal Church - Churches.","Church schools -- Episcopal High School (Alexandria, Va.)","Estates and estate settlements.","Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond - Banks and Banking.","Financial Public Relations Association - Banks and Banking.","First Virginia Corporation - Banks and Banking.","General stores - Hammond and Siler.","Glass Sand Industry - Berkeley Glass Sand Company.","Glass Sand Industry - Pennsylvania Glass Sand Corporation.","Hancock Steel Company - Steel.","Insurance - V. E. Johnson Insurance Agency.","Land - deeds and grants.","Land Plat.","Lawyers - letters and papers.","Ledgers.","Libraries - Morgan County Library.","Magazines.","Freemasons","Morgan County - Circuit Court.","Morgan County Library - Libraries.","Music - Sheet music.","Northern Virginia Power Company - Power Industry.","Pennsylvania Glass Sand Corporation - Glass Sand Industry.","Poetry --  Nannie S. Castleman","Political factions - Civil War.","Politics - Secession of Virginia.","Politics and government.","Railroads - Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.","Railroads - Western Maryland Railroad Company.","Rhodes scholarships","Rock Gap Coal and Mining Company - Stocks.","Scrapbooks","Secession of Virginia - Politics.","Business correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["66.6 Linear Feet Summary: 66 ft. 7 in. (149 document cases, 5 in. each); (1 document case, 2 1/2 in.); (1 small flat storage box, 3 1/2 in.); (2 oversize folders, 2 in.); (25 wrapped packages, 3 ft. 8 in.)"],"extent_tesim":["66.6 Linear Feet Summary: 66 ft. 7 in. (149 document cases, 5 in. each); (1 document case, 2 1/2 in.); (1 small flat storage box, 3 1/2 in.); (2 oversize folders, 2 in.); (25 wrapped packages, 3 ft. 8 in.)"],"genreform_ssim":["Business correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003emissing; 2011/04/15; mrr\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nseries 2, box 47, folder 13\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n--\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003earchives and manuscripts; photographs / postcards / prints / etc.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Legacy Administrative Notes","Legacy Formats"],"odd_tesim":["missing; 2011/04/15; mrr","\nseries 2, box 47, folder 13","\n--","archives and manuscripts; photographs / postcards / prints / etc."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Siler Family Papers, A\u0026amp;M 2200, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Siler Family Papers, A\u0026M 2200, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis is a collection of letters and documents tracing the personal and business life of an eastern panhandle West Virginia family. The papers concern a broad range of political, social, financial, and legal topics, particularly focusing on J. Hammond Siler, Jr., his parents, J. Hammond Siler, Sr. and Jessie Castleman Siler (residents of the Town of Bath better known as Berkeley Springs). Also includes correspondence and other papers from related families. Subjects include banking, the Civil War, the Episcopal church, secession of Virginia, Virginia Loyalty Oath, women's diaries, and women's letters and papers. A notable item in the collection is the diary of Anne Doyne Wolff Strother, wife of artist and writer David Hunter Strother, documenting a trip with husband and daughter Emily to New Orleans in 1857 (S2/Box 67, folder 1a).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries include:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1. J. Hammond Siler, Jr. (ca. 1848-1968), boxes S1/Box 1-S1/Box 50\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 2. J. Hammond Siler, Sr. (ca. 1848-1968), boxes S2/Box 1-S2/Box 89\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 3. Jessie Castleman Siler (ca. 1848-1968), boxes S3/Box 1-S3/Box 2\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 4. A.C. Hammond (ca. 1848-1968), boxes S4/Box 1-S4/Box 4\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 5. Ann R. Castleman (ca. 1848-1968), boxes S5/Box 1-S5/Box 2\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 6. Photographs (ca. 1848-1968), box S6/Box 1\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 7. Wrapped Packages (ca. 1848-1968), Wrapped Packages 1-26\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 8. Oversize Material (ca. 1848-1968), box S8/Box 1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes the personal and business papers and correspondence of J. Hammond Siler, Jr. and his career with the Federal Bank Reserve of Richmond, VA. Also included are records of various regional and national banking conferences and assorted printed material.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes the personal and legal correspondence and papers of J. Hammond Siler, Sr. and his career as a lawyer in West Virginia. Also included are assorted deeds, ledgers, and pamphlets on various legal and religious topics.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes the personal correspondence of Jessie Castleman Siler, wife of J. Hammond Siler, Sr. Also included is material regarding the Red Cross.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes the personal correspondence of A.C. Hammond. Also included are material regarding Hammond's finances and assorted legal papers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes the personal correspondence and financial papers of Ann R. Castleman. Also includes the correspondence of other members of the Castleman family and genealogical material for the Hammond, Castleman, and Siler families.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes assorted photographs of the Siler family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes ledgers for the Hammond \u0026amp; Siler and John T. Siler \u0026amp; Son businesses, assorted account books, and family bibles.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series consists of assorted oversize material, including blueprints, children's books, and sheet music.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This is a collection of letters and documents tracing the personal and business life of an eastern panhandle West Virginia family. The papers concern a broad range of political, social, financial, and legal topics, particularly focusing on J. Hammond Siler, Jr., his parents, J. Hammond Siler, Sr. and Jessie Castleman Siler (residents of the Town of Bath better known as Berkeley Springs). Also includes correspondence and other papers from related families. Subjects include banking, the Civil War, the Episcopal church, secession of Virginia, Virginia Loyalty Oath, women's diaries, and women's letters and papers. A notable item in the collection is the diary of Anne Doyne Wolff Strother, wife of artist and writer David Hunter Strother, documenting a trip with husband and daughter Emily to New Orleans in 1857 (S2/Box 67, folder 1a).","Series include:","Series 1. J. Hammond Siler, Jr. (ca. 1848-1968), boxes S1/Box 1-S1/Box 50 \nSeries 2. J. Hammond Siler, Sr. (ca. 1848-1968), boxes S2/Box 1-S2/Box 89 \nSeries 3. Jessie Castleman Siler (ca. 1848-1968), boxes S3/Box 1-S3/Box 2 \nSeries 4. A.C. Hammond (ca. 1848-1968), boxes S4/Box 1-S4/Box 4 \nSeries 5. Ann R. Castleman (ca. 1848-1968), boxes S5/Box 1-S5/Box 2 \nSeries 6. Photographs (ca. 1848-1968), box S6/Box 1 \nSeries 7. Wrapped Packages (ca. 1848-1968), Wrapped Packages 1-26 \nSeries 8. Oversize Material (ca. 1848-1968), box S8/Box 1","This series includes the personal and business papers and correspondence of J. Hammond Siler, Jr. and his career with the Federal Bank Reserve of Richmond, VA. Also included are records of various regional and national banking conferences and assorted printed material.","This series includes the personal and legal correspondence and papers of J. Hammond Siler, Sr. and his career as a lawyer in West Virginia. Also included are assorted deeds, ledgers, and pamphlets on various legal and religious topics.","This series includes the personal correspondence of Jessie Castleman Siler, wife of J. Hammond Siler, Sr. Also included is material regarding the Red Cross.","This series includes the personal correspondence of A.C. Hammond. Also included are material regarding Hammond's finances and assorted legal papers.","This series includes the personal correspondence and financial papers of Ann R. Castleman. Also includes the correspondence of other members of the Castleman family and genealogical material for the Hammond, Castleman, and Siler families.","This series includes assorted photographs of the Siler family.","This series includes ledgers for the Hammond \u0026 Siler and John T. Siler \u0026 Son businesses, assorted account books, and family bibles.","This series consists of assorted oversize material, including blueprints, children's books, and sheet music."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_172a403f6611d4a5931c460b0b7692df\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_coll_ssim":["American Institute of Banking","Baltimore Trust Company","Bull and Bear Club","Citizens Trust and Guaranty Company of West Virginia - Bonds.","Emerald Shillelagh Chowder and Marching Society, Inc.","Hammond and Siler General Store.","Virginia. General Assembly. House of Delegates","Montgomery Ward","American Red Cross","Sears, Roebuck and Company","Steel - Hancock Steel Company.","Great Cacapon Silica Sand Company","Campbell family","Castleman family - Genealogy","Hammond family - Genealogy","Humphries family - Genealogy","Isler family - Genealogy","Shepard family - Genealogy","Seller family - Genealogy","Seiler family","Armstrong, James D.","Castleman, Ann Rebecca Isler.","Castleman, Estelle.","Castleman, Frank A.","Castleman, Sarah Jane.","Faulkner, Charles James, 1806-1884","Hammond, Allen C.","Hammond, Cadet N.","Hotee, John.","Randolph, Emily Strother.","Rinehart, E. A.","Siler, J. Hammond Jr.","Siler, J. Hammond Sr.","Siler, Jessie Castleman.","Siler, John T.","Strother, Anne Doyne.","Van Gosen, James D.","Whisner, Samuel.","Widmyer, P. S.","Hardin, Moses"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","American Institute of Banking","Baltimore Trust Company","Bull and Bear Club","Citizens Trust and Guaranty Company of West Virginia - Bonds.","Emerald Shillelagh Chowder and Marching Society, Inc.","Hammond and Siler General Store.","Virginia. General Assembly. House of Delegates","Montgomery Ward","American Red Cross","Sears, Roebuck and Company","Steel - Hancock Steel Company.","Great Cacapon Silica Sand Company","Seiler family","Campbell family","Castleman family - Genealogy","Hammond family - Genealogy","Humphries family - Genealogy","Isler family - Genealogy","Shepard family - Genealogy","Seller family - Genealogy","Armstrong, James D.","Castleman, Ann Rebecca Isler.","Castleman, Estelle.","Castleman, Frank A.","Castleman, Sarah Jane.","Faulkner, Charles James, 1806-1884","Hammond, Allen C.","Hammond, Cadet N.","Hotee, John.","Randolph, Emily Strother.","Rinehart, E. A.","Siler, J. Hammond Jr.","Siler, J. Hammond Sr.","Siler, Jessie Castleman.","Siler, John T.","Strother, Anne Doyne.","Van Gosen, James D.","Whisner, Samuel.","Widmyer, P. S.","Hardin, Moses"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","American Institute of Banking","Baltimore Trust Company","Bull and Bear Club","Citizens Trust and Guaranty Company of West Virginia - Bonds.","Emerald Shillelagh Chowder and Marching Society, Inc.","Hammond and Siler General Store.","Virginia. General Assembly. House of Delegates","Montgomery Ward","American Red Cross","Sears, Roebuck and Company","Steel - Hancock Steel Company.","Great Cacapon Silica Sand Company"],"famname_ssim":["Seiler family","Campbell family","Castleman family - Genealogy","Hammond family - Genealogy","Humphries family - Genealogy","Isler family - Genealogy","Shepard family - Genealogy","Seller family - Genealogy"],"persname_ssim":["Armstrong, James D.","Castleman, Ann Rebecca Isler.","Castleman, Estelle.","Castleman, Frank A.","Castleman, Sarah Jane.","Faulkner, Charles James, 1806-1884","Hammond, Allen C.","Hammond, Cadet N.","Hotee, John.","Randolph, Emily Strother.","Rinehart, E. A.","Siler, J. Hammond Jr.","Siler, J. Hammond Sr.","Siler, Jessie Castleman.","Siler, John T.","Strother, Anne Doyne.","Van Gosen, James D.","Whisner, Samuel.","Widmyer, P. S.","Hardin, Moses"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1463,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:52:04.570Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5880_c02_c830"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_66_c04_c05","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Abstracts of Title","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_66_c04_c05#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_66_c04_c05","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_4_resources_66_c04_c05"],"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_66_c04_c05","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_66","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_66","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_66_c04","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_66_c04","parent_ssim":["viu_repositories_4_resources_66","viu_repositories_4_resources_66_c04"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_4_resources_66","viu_repositories_4_resources_66_c04"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Duke family law firm papers","Legal Documents"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Duke family law firm papers","Legal Documents"],"text":["Duke family law firm papers","Legal Documents","Abstracts of Title","box MSS 79-6, Box 129"],"title_filing_ssi":"Abstracts of Title","title_ssm":["Abstracts of Title"],"title_tesim":["Abstracts of Title"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1890-1897"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1890/1897"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Abstracts of Title"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Duke family law firm papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":1172,"date_range_isim":[1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897],"containers_ssim":["box MSS 79-6, Box 129"],"_nest_path_":"/components#3/components#4","timestamp":"2026-05-24T23:27:34.066Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_66","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_66","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_66","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_66","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_4_resources_66.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/106865","title_ssm":["Duke family law firm papers"],"title_tesim":["Duke family law firm papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1820 - 1959"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1820 - 1959"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.79.6","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/66"],"text":["MSS.79.6","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/66","Duke family law firm papers","Charlottesville (Va.) -- History -- 19th Century","Charlottesville (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","practice of law -- Virginia","lawyers -- Virginia","The papers are organized into 8 series: 1st-6th series concern the law practice; 7th series, the insurance business; and the 8th, family business.","Series I. Incoming letters (boxes 1-43) -- From 1869 to 1923 (and occasionally through the 1940's) incoming letters were filed separately from other material. From 1899 to 1923 all incoming letters were stored annually in special file boxes arranged alphabetically by correspondent's name. The papers in this series are arranged as they were found.","Series II. Copies of outgoing letters (boxes 44-57) -- From the 1870's through the teens copies of outgoing letters were kept chronologically in letterpress books. The books are stored in chronological order.","Series III. Case files (boxes 58-125) -- The case files date back to 1874, but are concentrated between 1920 and 1955. While the dates of these case files overlap the chronological ones described above, case files were by no means regularly created until the early twenties when the other system was virtually abandoned. Since many, but not all, of the case files were numbered, it was impossible to restore them to numerical order. Therefore, they have been grouped into decades and then arranged alphabetically by title found on the original folder. If the original folder was numbered, that number is noted on the new one. The cases concern principally the settlement of debts, property and divorce, as well as, for the last few decades, insurance claims.","Series IV. Legal documents (boxes 126-145) -- These documents, originally stored apart from case files, are organized chronologically according to type of document, the largest groups of which are deeds (1885-1929) and titles (1876-1936). Also included in this series are documents related to specific cases (ca. 1870-1925), to the coal business, and to miscellaneous matters (ca. 1800-1950).","Series V. Financial papers (boxes 146-167 and oversize) -- The financial papers were likewise apparently filed separately in the office. They include notes, bonds, collections, accounts, bills, taxes, etc., and are arranged alphabetically (ca. 1870-1950). Ledgers containing the same sort of financial records are organized by size.","Series VI. General office correspondendence and cases (boxes 168-185) -- This alphabetical file, ca. 1920-1955, was apparently created for routine correspondence concerning clients and office matters. For some reason, certain cases were also incorporated into the alphabetical system, despite the fact that numbered case files continued to be created until the practice closed. (To complicate matters a bit further, there seem to have been two alphabetical files used consecutively. These have now been merged into one.) This series contains correspondence and case files, desk diaries, memoranda, unfiled office papers, and files relating to the insurance companies Eskridge represented.","Series VII. Insurance agency files (boxes 186-217) -- These files of the Insurance Agency of Charlottesville, 1923-1927, cover the period in which W.F. Carter, Jr., was agent. At the beginning of the series are documents concerning the audit of the agency and the subsequent incorporation.","Series VIII. Family business files, civic material and miscellany (boxes 218-232) -- These records, dating from the 1880's, provide a good deal of information about the financial affairs of the Charlottesville Dukes as well as their relatives.","Richard Thomas Walker Duke, son of Richard and Maria Walker Duke, was born 6 June 1822 in Charlottesville, Virginia, where he spent his childhood. After attending private schools, he entered Virginia Military Institute and finished second in the class of 1845. Upon graduating he taught school in Lewisburg, Virginia (now West Virginia), but returned to Charlottesville when his father died in 1849, and began studying law at the University. In 1850, he started his own law practice, and over the next ten years built a law office, was chosen one of Charlottesville's first aldermen, served briefly as mayor, and became commonwealth's attorney. He married Elizabeth Scott Eskridge of Staunton, and they had two sons, William and R. T. W. Jr. (Tom), and a daughter, Mary, all of whom lived to adulthood; two other children died in childhood.","As colonel of the 48th Regiment of the Virginia Volunteers, R. T. W. Duke took an active role in the Civil War. In 1864, he resigned his commission because of a dispute with a superior officer, but re-enlisted thirty days later. He surrendered with his troops at Silas Creek in 1865, and returned to his law practice and position as commonwealth's attorney. From that time on, Duke was known as \"the Colonel,\" and in honor of his service in the recent war, the local camp for the Sons of Confederate Veterans was named for him.","In 1863 Duke bought Sunnyside, a 70-acre tract of land northeast of Charlottesville (on which the Law School is now located), and farmed this property until his death. He was chosen secretary/treasurer of the board of trustees of the Samuel Miller Fund, established in 1869. In 1870, Duke assumed the fifth district's Congressional seat for two terms as a member of the Conservative party. Lobbying for a strong South throughout his term, Duke actively opposed the 14th Amendment. R. T. W. Duke died after a lingering illness in the summer of 1898.","William R. Duke, born in 1849, possessed his father's farming instincts and commitment to political involvement. Together they farmed and resided at Sunnyside, whose ownership William shared with his brother Tom after their father's death. Although William studied law at Virginia, and in 1883 joined his father's law practice, he devoted more energy to farming and such groups as the Virginia Cattlemen's Association. In 1897 he was elected delegate to the Virginia General Assembly. Like his father, William was also involved in local affairs, serving, for example, as clerk of the Miller Fund board of trustees for many years. William died in 1929 and was survived by his sons, William (Billy) and Camman.","Since he was born in 1853, Richard Thomas Walker Duke Jr. (Tom) witnessed the Civil War during his impressionable boyhood years and later wrote about those experiences. A gifted writer and student of languages, Tom studied classics, French, German, and English literature when he entered the University of Virginia in 1870. He was awarded the Thomas Jefferson Prize for the best essay in 1872, and then turned his attention to the study of law in 1873-74. It is likely that he later read law for a time in his father's office before passing the bar. Although the practice of law became his career, Duke wrote prose and poetry the rest of his life, and was published in the New York Herald and such magazines as Century, Lippincott's, and Illustrated American.","Throughout his long career, Tom was active in town, University, and state affairs. Among the organizations in which he held office were the Masons, Zeta Psi fraternity, the Sons of the American Revolution, the Sons of Confederate Veterans, the Miller Board, the UVA Alumni Association, and the state Democratic Committee. He served from 1886 to 1901 as judge of the Corporation Court (now called the Circuit Court), as commonwealth's attorney from 1916 to 1920, and as a member of the Committee to Revise the Virginia Code in 1908. In addition, he sat on the boards of a variety of corporations, including the Charlottesville Ice Company, the First National Bank, and a number of Kentucky and West Virginia coal development companies in which his family had invested. From 1907 to 1910, Tom edited the Virginia Law Journal.","Tom Duke married Edith Ridgeway Slaughter in 1884, and they produced six children, of whom five grew to maturity: Mary, R. T. W. III (Walker), John Flavel Slaughter (Jack), William Eskridge, and Helen Risdon. He built a spacious home for his family at 616 Park Street. A frequent traveller because of his practice, Duke also travelled for pleasure. As the children grew up, Edith often accompanied him to New York or Washington to shop, visit friends and attend plays, or she took journeys alone to visit children and other relatives. All the Duke children, as they reached their teens, attended boarding school, and all received at least some college education. Edith Duke died suddenly in 1921, and two years later, Tom married Maymee Richardson Slaughter, his wife's sister-in-law from Lynchburg. In March of 1926 Tom died at the age of 76.","Walker, after a few years in the Navy, joined the Army and became a career officer. Jack served in the Army during World War I, and then began a career in business. In 1917, Eskridge took a law degree at Virginia and joined his father's practice. He was plagued by ill-health throughout his career, and soon after their father's death, his sister Mary, a former social worker, began assisting in the law office. Helen, a librarian, worked in New York and Norfolk for a year or so before moving back to the family home. Eskridge and his wife, Lucy Lee, had three children, of whom two, William Eskridge Jr. (Bill) and Lucy Marshall, grew to adulthood. Jack died in 1933; Eskridge, in 1959; Walker, in 1960; Mary, in 1966; and Helen, in 1984.","The Charlottesville law practice established by R. T. W. Duke in 1850 remained in the family for two succeeding generations. After studying law with John B. Minor at the University of Virginia, Duke practiced alone until 1858, when he built his office at 20 Court House Square and took James D. Jones as a partner. Another lawyer, Louis G. Hanckel, joined the firm in the early seventies and handled insurance business. When Tom finished his legal studies in 1874, he assisted his father, whose partner by then was Stephen V. Southall. In the 1880's the firm was called Duke and Duke, William having joined his father shortly before Tom became judge.","The early work of the firm was limited to real estate, debt collection, and probate work, with an occasional criminal case. In addition, there was ample time for all three lawyers to pursue their assorted outside interests. At the office each man wrote his own letters, Tom switching to a Remington typewriter in 1889, before the days when they could hire a stenographer. The Dukes handled property rentals for some of their clients, the wealthiest and best known of whom was Jefferson Levy, owner of Monticello, the Opera House, and a great deal of other property in town.","With the combination of \"the Colonel's\" death, the social and economic changes in town around the turn of the century, and the energetic leadership of Tom, the workload of the practice increased and became more diverse. Loan and bond operations were added to the civil and criminal work and property management. Around 1917, Eskridge and Clarence E. Gentry joined the firm, now called Duke, Duke and Gentry. The law office was torn down in 1922, and the firm moved to a building shared with other lawyers at the corner of Fifth and Jefferson Streets. The practice flourished, and the Dukes often hired Virginia law students or graduates as clerks or associates, including Elizabeth Tompkins (the first female graduate of the Law School), Bernard Chamberlain, Anna Dinwiddie, and John Yancy.","It has not been determined whether the Dukes sold insurance after Hanckel left, but some time after Eskridge joined the firm in the late teens, the Insurance Agency was established. The title was changed to the Insurance Agency of Charlottesville in 1923, when W. F. Carter Jr. as agent. After Carter misappropriated funds, he was relieved of his job, the agency was incorporated, and the Dukes' interest in the business was eventually bought out by William B. Murphy.","Eskridge carried on the law practice with the assistance of Mary and an occasional associate. In 1937, he wrote that his firm \"is regional and local counsel for a number of insurance companies, Virginia counsel for the Pike Coal Company, and does a general legal business, specializing in insurance, real estate, corporation and probate law, also maintains a collection department.\" With his failing health in the late forties, the practice dwindled until 1955, when Duke and Duke closed a little over a hundred years after it began.","The Duke law firm papers include correspondence, case files, legal, insuarance, and financial records, as well as ledgers. The files provide extensive documentation of a small-town family practice. Since the insurance business and the Dukes's family business affairs were handled in the same office as the law practice, these files had remained with the legal files. The family correspondence found with these papers was transferred to Special Collections in Alderman Library. ","The Duke papers were transferred from the first Duke office to the second Duke office, finally to their third office on Park Street, where they apparently were shifted more than once. Things were unavoidably jumbled, but the order within the cartons, the types of file boxes and folders, and the dates made it possible to reconstruct the original filing arrangements.","This collection is rich in source material for scholars of legal, social, or local history. The first area of research focuses on the changes in the character of this small-town law practice from the post-Civil War to the post-World War II periods. There are well-documented accounts in the shifts in the type of legal work the law firm handled, the daily office operations over the years, the economic vicissitudes of the practice, and the attitudes of three generations of lawyers. There is information on the political, economic, and social conditions of the Charlottesville area during the time span of the Dukes' law practice.","Series I. Incoming letters (boxes 1-43) -- From 1869 to 1923 (and occasionally through the 1940's) incoming letters were filed separately from other material.  From 1899 to 1923 all incoming letters were stored annually in special file boxes arranged alphabetically by correspondent's name.  The papers in this series are arranged as they were found.","Series II.  Copies of outgoing letters (boxes 44-57) --  From the 1870's through the teens copies of outgoing letters were kept chronologically in letterpress books.  The books are stored in chronological order.","Series III.  Case files (boxes 58-125) -- The case files date back to 1874 but are concentrated between 1920 and 1955.  While the dates of these case files overlap the chronological ones described above, case files were by no means regularly created until the early twenties when the other system was virtually abandoned.  Since many but not all of the case files were numbered, it was impossible to restore them to numerical order. Therefore, they have been grouped into decades and then arranged alphabetically by title found on the original folder.  If the original folder was numbered, that number is noted on the new one.  The cases concern principally the settlement of debts, property and divorce, as well as, for the last few decades, insurance claims.","Series IV.  Legal documents (boxes 126-145) --  These documents, originally stored apart from case files, are organized chronologically according to type of document, the largest groups of which are deeds (1885-1929) and titles (1876-1936). Also included in this series are documents related to specific cases (ca. 1870-1925), to the coal business, and to miscellaneous matters (ca. 1800-1950).","Series V.  Financial papers (boxes 146-167 and oversize) --  The financial papers were likewise apparently filed separately in the office.  They include notes, bonds, collections, accounts, bills, taxes, etc. and are arranged alphabetically (ca. 1870-1950).  Ledgers containing the same sort of financial records are organized by size.","Series VI.  General office correspondence and cases (boxes 168-185) -- This alphabetical file, ca. 1920-1955, was apparently created for routine correspondence concerning clients and office matters.  For some reason certain cases were also incorporated into the alphabetical system, despite the fact that numbered case files continued to be created until the practice closed.  (To complicate matters a bit further, there seem to have been two alphabetical files used consecutively.  These have now been merged into one.)  This series contains correspondence and case files, desk diaries, memoranda, unfiled office papers, and files relating to the insurance companies Eskridge represented.","Series VII. Insurance agency files (boxes 186-217) -- These files of the Insurance Agency of Charlottesville, 1923-1927, cover the period in which W.F. Carter, Jr. was agent.  At the beginning of the series are documents concerning the audit of the agency and the subsequent incorporation.","Series VIII. Family business files, civic material and miscellany (boxes 218-232) -- These records dating from the 1880's provide a good deal of information about the financial affairs of the Charlottesville Dukes as well as their relatives.","This addition to the Duke law firm papers came to the law library after the death of Helen Duke, donor of the original gift, and was given by William E. Duke, Jr. and Lucy D. Kinne.  These papers are principally legal files from the law firm for the years 1904-[1942-1948]-1954 and financial records of the Duke family, and their arrangement follows that of the original gift.","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Duke family ","Duke, Richard Thomas Walker (R. T. W.), 1822-1898","Duke, William Eskridge, 1893-1959","Duke, William R., 1849-1929","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.79.6","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/66"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Duke family law firm papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Duke family law firm papers"],"collection_ssim":["Duke family law firm papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Charlottesville (Va.) -- History -- 19th Century","Charlottesville (Va.) -- History -- 20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Charlottesville (Va.) -- History -- 19th Century","Charlottesville (Va.) -- History -- 20th century"],"creator_ssm":["Duke, Richard Thomas Walker (R. T. W.), 1822-1898"],"creator_ssim":["Duke, Richard Thomas Walker (R. T. W.), 1822-1898"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Duke, Richard Thomas Walker (R. T. W.), 1822-1898"],"creators_ssim":["Duke, Richard Thomas Walker (R. T. W.), 1822-1898"],"places_ssim":["Charlottesville (Va.) -- History -- 19th Century","Charlottesville (Va.) -- History -- 20th century"],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was a gift of Helen R. Duke in 1979.","The addendum to the papers of the Duke and Duke law firm was donated by William E. Duke and Lucy D. Kinne to the Law Library in October of 1985 after the death of Helen Duke, donor of the original gift. "],"access_subjects_ssim":["practice of law -- Virginia","lawyers -- Virginia"],"access_subjects_ssm":["practice of law -- Virginia","lawyers -- Virginia"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["108.5  Linear Feet 232 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["108.5  Linear Feet 232 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers are organized into 8 series: 1st-6th series concern the law practice; 7th series, the insurance business; and the 8th, family business.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries I. Incoming letters (boxes 1-43) -- From 1869 to 1923 (and occasionally through the 1940's) incoming letters were filed separately from other material. From 1899 to 1923 all incoming letters were stored annually in special file boxes arranged alphabetically by correspondent's name. The papers in this series are arranged as they were found.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries II. Copies of outgoing letters (boxes 44-57) -- From the 1870's through the teens copies of outgoing letters were kept chronologically in letterpress books. The books are stored in chronological order.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries III. Case files (boxes 58-125) -- The case files date back to 1874, but are concentrated between 1920 and 1955. While the dates of these case files overlap the chronological ones described above, case files were by no means regularly created until the early twenties when the other system was virtually abandoned. Since many, but not all, of the case files were numbered, it was impossible to restore them to numerical order. Therefore, they have been grouped into decades and then arranged alphabetically by title found on the original folder. If the original folder was numbered, that number is noted on the new one. The cases concern principally the settlement of debts, property and divorce, as well as, for the last few decades, insurance claims.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV. Legal documents (boxes 126-145) -- These documents, originally stored apart from case files, are organized chronologically according to type of document, the largest groups of which are deeds (1885-1929) and titles (1876-1936). Also included in this series are documents related to specific cases (ca. 1870-1925), to the coal business, and to miscellaneous matters (ca. 1800-1950).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries V. Financial papers (boxes 146-167 and oversize) -- The financial papers were likewise apparently filed separately in the office. They include notes, bonds, collections, accounts, bills, taxes, etc., and are arranged alphabetically (ca. 1870-1950). Ledgers containing the same sort of financial records are organized by size.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries VI. General office correspondendence and cases (boxes 168-185) -- This alphabetical file, ca. 1920-1955, was apparently created for routine correspondence concerning clients and office matters. For some reason, certain cases were also incorporated into the alphabetical system, despite the fact that numbered case files continued to be created until the practice closed. (To complicate matters a bit further, there seem to have been two alphabetical files used consecutively. These have now been merged into one.) This series contains correspondence and case files, desk diaries, memoranda, unfiled office papers, and files relating to the insurance companies Eskridge represented.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries VII. Insurance agency files (boxes 186-217) -- These files of the Insurance Agency of Charlottesville, 1923-1927, cover the period in which W.F. Carter, Jr., was agent. At the beginning of the series are documents concerning the audit of the agency and the subsequent incorporation.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries VIII. Family business files, civic material and miscellany (boxes 218-232) -- These records, dating from the 1880's, provide a good deal of information about the financial affairs of the Charlottesville Dukes as well as their relatives.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The papers are organized into 8 series: 1st-6th series concern the law practice; 7th series, the insurance business; and the 8th, family business.","Series I. Incoming letters (boxes 1-43) -- From 1869 to 1923 (and occasionally through the 1940's) incoming letters were filed separately from other material. From 1899 to 1923 all incoming letters were stored annually in special file boxes arranged alphabetically by correspondent's name. The papers in this series are arranged as they were found.","Series II. Copies of outgoing letters (boxes 44-57) -- From the 1870's through the teens copies of outgoing letters were kept chronologically in letterpress books. The books are stored in chronological order.","Series III. Case files (boxes 58-125) -- The case files date back to 1874, but are concentrated between 1920 and 1955. While the dates of these case files overlap the chronological ones described above, case files were by no means regularly created until the early twenties when the other system was virtually abandoned. Since many, but not all, of the case files were numbered, it was impossible to restore them to numerical order. Therefore, they have been grouped into decades and then arranged alphabetically by title found on the original folder. If the original folder was numbered, that number is noted on the new one. The cases concern principally the settlement of debts, property and divorce, as well as, for the last few decades, insurance claims.","Series IV. Legal documents (boxes 126-145) -- These documents, originally stored apart from case files, are organized chronologically according to type of document, the largest groups of which are deeds (1885-1929) and titles (1876-1936). Also included in this series are documents related to specific cases (ca. 1870-1925), to the coal business, and to miscellaneous matters (ca. 1800-1950).","Series V. Financial papers (boxes 146-167 and oversize) -- The financial papers were likewise apparently filed separately in the office. They include notes, bonds, collections, accounts, bills, taxes, etc., and are arranged alphabetically (ca. 1870-1950). Ledgers containing the same sort of financial records are organized by size.","Series VI. General office correspondendence and cases (boxes 168-185) -- This alphabetical file, ca. 1920-1955, was apparently created for routine correspondence concerning clients and office matters. For some reason, certain cases were also incorporated into the alphabetical system, despite the fact that numbered case files continued to be created until the practice closed. (To complicate matters a bit further, there seem to have been two alphabetical files used consecutively. These have now been merged into one.) This series contains correspondence and case files, desk diaries, memoranda, unfiled office papers, and files relating to the insurance companies Eskridge represented.","Series VII. Insurance agency files (boxes 186-217) -- These files of the Insurance Agency of Charlottesville, 1923-1927, cover the period in which W.F. Carter, Jr., was agent. At the beginning of the series are documents concerning the audit of the agency and the subsequent incorporation.","Series VIII. Family business files, civic material and miscellany (boxes 218-232) -- These records, dating from the 1880's, provide a good deal of information about the financial affairs of the Charlottesville Dukes as well as their relatives."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRichard Thomas Walker Duke, son of Richard and Maria Walker Duke, was born 6 June 1822 in Charlottesville, Virginia, where he spent his childhood. After attending private schools, he entered Virginia Military Institute and finished second in the class of 1845. Upon graduating he taught school in Lewisburg, Virginia (now West Virginia), but returned to Charlottesville when his father died in 1849, and began studying law at the University. In 1850, he started his own law practice, and over the next ten years built a law office, was chosen one of Charlottesville's first aldermen, served briefly as mayor, and became commonwealth's attorney. He married Elizabeth Scott Eskridge of Staunton, and they had two sons, William and R. T. W. Jr. (Tom), and a daughter, Mary, all of whom lived to adulthood; two other children died in childhood.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAs colonel of the 48th Regiment of the Virginia Volunteers, R. T. W. Duke took an active role in the Civil War. In 1864, he resigned his commission because of a dispute with a superior officer, but re-enlisted thirty days later. He surrendered with his troops at Silas Creek in 1865, and returned to his law practice and position as commonwealth's attorney. From that time on, Duke was known as \"the Colonel,\" and in honor of his service in the recent war, the local camp for the Sons of Confederate Veterans was named for him.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1863 Duke bought Sunnyside, a 70-acre tract of land northeast of Charlottesville (on which the Law School is now located), and farmed this property until his death. He was chosen secretary/treasurer of the board of trustees of the Samuel Miller Fund, established in 1869. In 1870, Duke assumed the fifth district's Congressional seat for two terms as a member of the Conservative party. Lobbying for a strong South throughout his term, Duke actively opposed the 14th Amendment. R. T. W. Duke died after a lingering illness in the summer of 1898.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam R. Duke, born in 1849, possessed his father's farming instincts and commitment to political involvement. Together they farmed and resided at Sunnyside, whose ownership William shared with his brother Tom after their father's death. Although William studied law at Virginia, and in 1883 joined his father's law practice, he devoted more energy to farming and such groups as the Virginia Cattlemen's Association. In 1897 he was elected delegate to the Virginia General Assembly. Like his father, William was also involved in local affairs, serving, for example, as clerk of the Miller Fund board of trustees for many years. William died in 1929 and was survived by his sons, William (Billy) and Camman.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSince he was born in 1853, Richard Thomas Walker Duke Jr. (Tom) witnessed the Civil War during his impressionable boyhood years and later wrote about those experiences. A gifted writer and student of languages, Tom studied classics, French, German, and English literature when he entered the University of Virginia in 1870. He was awarded the Thomas Jefferson Prize for the best essay in 1872, and then turned his attention to the study of law in 1873-74. It is likely that he later read law for a time in his father's office before passing the bar. Although the practice of law became his career, Duke wrote prose and poetry the rest of his life, and was published in the New York Herald and such magazines as Century, Lippincott's, and Illustrated American.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThroughout his long career, Tom was active in town, University, and state affairs. Among the organizations in which he held office were the Masons, Zeta Psi fraternity, the Sons of the American Revolution, the Sons of Confederate Veterans, the Miller Board, the UVA Alumni Association, and the state Democratic Committee. He served from 1886 to 1901 as judge of the Corporation Court (now called the Circuit Court), as commonwealth's attorney from 1916 to 1920, and as a member of the Committee to Revise the Virginia Code in 1908. In addition, he sat on the boards of a variety of corporations, including the Charlottesville Ice Company, the First National Bank, and a number of Kentucky and West Virginia coal development companies in which his family had invested. From 1907 to 1910, Tom edited the Virginia Law Journal.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTom Duke married Edith Ridgeway Slaughter in 1884, and they produced six children, of whom five grew to maturity: Mary, R. T. W. III (Walker), John Flavel Slaughter (Jack), William Eskridge, and Helen Risdon. He built a spacious home for his family at 616 Park Street. A frequent traveller because of his practice, Duke also travelled for pleasure. As the children grew up, Edith often accompanied him to New York or Washington to shop, visit friends and attend plays, or she took journeys alone to visit children and other relatives. All the Duke children, as they reached their teens, attended boarding school, and all received at least some college education. Edith Duke died suddenly in 1921, and two years later, Tom married Maymee Richardson Slaughter, his wife's sister-in-law from Lynchburg. In March of 1926 Tom died at the age of 76.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWalker, after a few years in the Navy, joined the Army and became a career officer. Jack served in the Army during World War I, and then began a career in business. In 1917, Eskridge took a law degree at Virginia and joined his father's practice. He was plagued by ill-health throughout his career, and soon after their father's death, his sister Mary, a former social worker, began assisting in the law office. Helen, a librarian, worked in New York and Norfolk for a year or so before moving back to the family home. Eskridge and his wife, Lucy Lee, had three children, of whom two, William Eskridge Jr. (Bill) and Lucy Marshall, grew to adulthood. Jack died in 1933; Eskridge, in 1959; Walker, in 1960; Mary, in 1966; and Helen, in 1984.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Charlottesville law practice established by R. T. W. Duke in 1850 remained in the family for two succeeding generations. After studying law with John B. Minor at the University of Virginia, Duke practiced alone until 1858, when he built his office at 20 Court House Square and took James D. Jones as a partner. Another lawyer, Louis G. Hanckel, joined the firm in the early seventies and handled insurance business. When Tom finished his legal studies in 1874, he assisted his father, whose partner by then was Stephen V. Southall. In the 1880's the firm was called Duke and Duke, William having joined his father shortly before Tom became judge.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe early work of the firm was limited to real estate, debt collection, and probate work, with an occasional criminal case. In addition, there was ample time for all three lawyers to pursue their assorted outside interests. At the office each man wrote his own letters, Tom switching to a Remington typewriter in 1889, before the days when they could hire a stenographer. The Dukes handled property rentals for some of their clients, the wealthiest and best known of whom was Jefferson Levy, owner of Monticello, the Opera House, and a great deal of other property in town.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWith the combination of \"the Colonel's\" death, the social and economic changes in town around the turn of the century, and the energetic leadership of Tom, the workload of the practice increased and became more diverse. Loan and bond operations were added to the civil and criminal work and property management. Around 1917, Eskridge and Clarence E. Gentry joined the firm, now called Duke, Duke and Gentry. The law office was torn down in 1922, and the firm moved to a building shared with other lawyers at the corner of Fifth and Jefferson Streets. The practice flourished, and the Dukes often hired Virginia law students or graduates as clerks or associates, including Elizabeth Tompkins (the first female graduate of the Law School), Bernard Chamberlain, Anna Dinwiddie, and John Yancy.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIt has not been determined whether the Dukes sold insurance after Hanckel left, but some time after Eskridge joined the firm in the late teens, the Insurance Agency was established. The title was changed to the Insurance Agency of Charlottesville in 1923, when W. F. Carter Jr. as agent. After Carter misappropriated funds, he was relieved of his job, the agency was incorporated, and the Dukes' interest in the business was eventually bought out by William B. Murphy.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEskridge carried on the law practice with the assistance of Mary and an occasional associate. In 1937, he wrote that his firm \"is regional and local counsel for a number of insurance companies, Virginia counsel for the Pike Coal Company, and does a general legal business, specializing in insurance, real estate, corporation and probate law, also maintains a collection department.\" With his failing health in the late forties, the practice dwindled until 1955, when Duke and Duke closed a little over a hundred years after it began.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Richard Thomas Walker Duke, son of Richard and Maria Walker Duke, was born 6 June 1822 in Charlottesville, Virginia, where he spent his childhood. After attending private schools, he entered Virginia Military Institute and finished second in the class of 1845. Upon graduating he taught school in Lewisburg, Virginia (now West Virginia), but returned to Charlottesville when his father died in 1849, and began studying law at the University. In 1850, he started his own law practice, and over the next ten years built a law office, was chosen one of Charlottesville's first aldermen, served briefly as mayor, and became commonwealth's attorney. He married Elizabeth Scott Eskridge of Staunton, and they had two sons, William and R. T. W. Jr. (Tom), and a daughter, Mary, all of whom lived to adulthood; two other children died in childhood.","As colonel of the 48th Regiment of the Virginia Volunteers, R. T. W. Duke took an active role in the Civil War. In 1864, he resigned his commission because of a dispute with a superior officer, but re-enlisted thirty days later. He surrendered with his troops at Silas Creek in 1865, and returned to his law practice and position as commonwealth's attorney. From that time on, Duke was known as \"the Colonel,\" and in honor of his service in the recent war, the local camp for the Sons of Confederate Veterans was named for him.","In 1863 Duke bought Sunnyside, a 70-acre tract of land northeast of Charlottesville (on which the Law School is now located), and farmed this property until his death. He was chosen secretary/treasurer of the board of trustees of the Samuel Miller Fund, established in 1869. In 1870, Duke assumed the fifth district's Congressional seat for two terms as a member of the Conservative party. Lobbying for a strong South throughout his term, Duke actively opposed the 14th Amendment. R. T. W. Duke died after a lingering illness in the summer of 1898.","William R. Duke, born in 1849, possessed his father's farming instincts and commitment to political involvement. Together they farmed and resided at Sunnyside, whose ownership William shared with his brother Tom after their father's death. Although William studied law at Virginia, and in 1883 joined his father's law practice, he devoted more energy to farming and such groups as the Virginia Cattlemen's Association. In 1897 he was elected delegate to the Virginia General Assembly. Like his father, William was also involved in local affairs, serving, for example, as clerk of the Miller Fund board of trustees for many years. William died in 1929 and was survived by his sons, William (Billy) and Camman.","Since he was born in 1853, Richard Thomas Walker Duke Jr. (Tom) witnessed the Civil War during his impressionable boyhood years and later wrote about those experiences. A gifted writer and student of languages, Tom studied classics, French, German, and English literature when he entered the University of Virginia in 1870. He was awarded the Thomas Jefferson Prize for the best essay in 1872, and then turned his attention to the study of law in 1873-74. It is likely that he later read law for a time in his father's office before passing the bar. Although the practice of law became his career, Duke wrote prose and poetry the rest of his life, and was published in the New York Herald and such magazines as Century, Lippincott's, and Illustrated American.","Throughout his long career, Tom was active in town, University, and state affairs. Among the organizations in which he held office were the Masons, Zeta Psi fraternity, the Sons of the American Revolution, the Sons of Confederate Veterans, the Miller Board, the UVA Alumni Association, and the state Democratic Committee. He served from 1886 to 1901 as judge of the Corporation Court (now called the Circuit Court), as commonwealth's attorney from 1916 to 1920, and as a member of the Committee to Revise the Virginia Code in 1908. In addition, he sat on the boards of a variety of corporations, including the Charlottesville Ice Company, the First National Bank, and a number of Kentucky and West Virginia coal development companies in which his family had invested. From 1907 to 1910, Tom edited the Virginia Law Journal.","Tom Duke married Edith Ridgeway Slaughter in 1884, and they produced six children, of whom five grew to maturity: Mary, R. T. W. III (Walker), John Flavel Slaughter (Jack), William Eskridge, and Helen Risdon. He built a spacious home for his family at 616 Park Street. A frequent traveller because of his practice, Duke also travelled for pleasure. As the children grew up, Edith often accompanied him to New York or Washington to shop, visit friends and attend plays, or she took journeys alone to visit children and other relatives. All the Duke children, as they reached their teens, attended boarding school, and all received at least some college education. Edith Duke died suddenly in 1921, and two years later, Tom married Maymee Richardson Slaughter, his wife's sister-in-law from Lynchburg. In March of 1926 Tom died at the age of 76.","Walker, after a few years in the Navy, joined the Army and became a career officer. Jack served in the Army during World War I, and then began a career in business. In 1917, Eskridge took a law degree at Virginia and joined his father's practice. He was plagued by ill-health throughout his career, and soon after their father's death, his sister Mary, a former social worker, began assisting in the law office. Helen, a librarian, worked in New York and Norfolk for a year or so before moving back to the family home. Eskridge and his wife, Lucy Lee, had three children, of whom two, William Eskridge Jr. (Bill) and Lucy Marshall, grew to adulthood. Jack died in 1933; Eskridge, in 1959; Walker, in 1960; Mary, in 1966; and Helen, in 1984.","The Charlottesville law practice established by R. T. W. Duke in 1850 remained in the family for two succeeding generations. After studying law with John B. Minor at the University of Virginia, Duke practiced alone until 1858, when he built his office at 20 Court House Square and took James D. Jones as a partner. Another lawyer, Louis G. Hanckel, joined the firm in the early seventies and handled insurance business. When Tom finished his legal studies in 1874, he assisted his father, whose partner by then was Stephen V. Southall. In the 1880's the firm was called Duke and Duke, William having joined his father shortly before Tom became judge.","The early work of the firm was limited to real estate, debt collection, and probate work, with an occasional criminal case. In addition, there was ample time for all three lawyers to pursue their assorted outside interests. At the office each man wrote his own letters, Tom switching to a Remington typewriter in 1889, before the days when they could hire a stenographer. The Dukes handled property rentals for some of their clients, the wealthiest and best known of whom was Jefferson Levy, owner of Monticello, the Opera House, and a great deal of other property in town.","With the combination of \"the Colonel's\" death, the social and economic changes in town around the turn of the century, and the energetic leadership of Tom, the workload of the practice increased and became more diverse. Loan and bond operations were added to the civil and criminal work and property management. Around 1917, Eskridge and Clarence E. Gentry joined the firm, now called Duke, Duke and Gentry. The law office was torn down in 1922, and the firm moved to a building shared with other lawyers at the corner of Fifth and Jefferson Streets. The practice flourished, and the Dukes often hired Virginia law students or graduates as clerks or associates, including Elizabeth Tompkins (the first female graduate of the Law School), Bernard Chamberlain, Anna Dinwiddie, and John Yancy.","It has not been determined whether the Dukes sold insurance after Hanckel left, but some time after Eskridge joined the firm in the late teens, the Insurance Agency was established. The title was changed to the Insurance Agency of Charlottesville in 1923, when W. F. Carter Jr. as agent. After Carter misappropriated funds, he was relieved of his job, the agency was incorporated, and the Dukes' interest in the business was eventually bought out by William B. Murphy.","Eskridge carried on the law practice with the assistance of Mary and an occasional associate. In 1937, he wrote that his firm \"is regional and local counsel for a number of insurance companies, Virginia counsel for the Pike Coal Company, and does a general legal business, specializing in insurance, real estate, corporation and probate law, also maintains a collection department.\" With his failing health in the late forties, the practice dwindled until 1955, when Duke and Duke closed a little over a hundred years after it began."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Duke law firm papers include correspondence, case files, legal, insuarance, and financial records, as well as ledgers. The files provide extensive documentation of a small-town family practice. Since the insurance business and the Dukes's family business affairs were handled in the same office as the law practice, these files had remained with the legal files. The family correspondence found with these papers was transferred to Special Collections in Alderman Library. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Duke papers were transferred from the first Duke office to the second Duke office, finally to their third office on Park Street, where they apparently were shifted more than once. Things were unavoidably jumbled, but the order within the cartons, the types of file boxes and folders, and the dates made it possible to reconstruct the original filing arrangements.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis collection is rich in source material for scholars of legal, social, or local history. The first area of research focuses on the changes in the character of this small-town law practice from the post-Civil War to the post-World War II periods. There are well-documented accounts in the shifts in the type of legal work the law firm handled, the daily office operations over the years, the economic vicissitudes of the practice, and the attitudes of three generations of lawyers. There is information on the political, economic, and social conditions of the Charlottesville area during the time span of the Dukes' law practice.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries I. Incoming letters (boxes 1-43) -- From 1869 to 1923 (and occasionally through the 1940's) incoming letters were filed separately from other material.  From 1899 to 1923 all incoming letters were stored annually in special file boxes arranged alphabetically by correspondent's name.  The papers in this series are arranged as they were found.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries II.  Copies of outgoing letters (boxes 44-57) --  From the 1870's through the teens copies of outgoing letters were kept chronologically in letterpress books.  The books are stored in chronological order.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries III.  Case files (boxes 58-125) -- The case files date back to 1874 but are concentrated between 1920 and 1955.  While the dates of these case files overlap the chronological ones described above, case files were by no means regularly created until the early twenties when the other system was virtually abandoned.  Since many but not all of the case files were numbered, it was impossible to restore them to numerical order. Therefore, they have been grouped into decades and then arranged alphabetically by title found on the original folder.  If the original folder was numbered, that number is noted on the new one.  The cases concern principally the settlement of debts, property and divorce, as well as, for the last few decades, insurance claims.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV.  Legal documents (boxes 126-145) --  These documents, originally stored apart from case files, are organized chronologically according to type of document, the largest groups of which are deeds (1885-1929) and titles (1876-1936). Also included in this series are documents related to specific cases (ca. 1870-1925), to the coal business, and to miscellaneous matters (ca. 1800-1950).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries V.  Financial papers (boxes 146-167 and oversize) --  The financial papers were likewise apparently filed separately in the office.  They include notes, bonds, collections, accounts, bills, taxes, etc. and are arranged alphabetically (ca. 1870-1950).  Ledgers containing the same sort of financial records are organized by size.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries VI.  General office correspondence and cases (boxes 168-185) -- This alphabetical file, ca. 1920-1955, was apparently created for routine correspondence concerning clients and office matters.  For some reason certain cases were also incorporated into the alphabetical system, despite the fact that numbered case files continued to be created until the practice closed.  (To complicate matters a bit further, there seem to have been two alphabetical files used consecutively.  These have now been merged into one.)  This series contains correspondence and case files, desk diaries, memoranda, unfiled office papers, and files relating to the insurance companies Eskridge represented.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries VII. Insurance agency files (boxes 186-217) -- These files of the Insurance Agency of Charlottesville, 1923-1927, cover the period in which W.F. Carter, Jr. was agent.  At the beginning of the series are documents concerning the audit of the agency and the subsequent incorporation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries VIII. Family business files, civic material and miscellany (boxes 218-232) -- These records dating from the 1880's provide a good deal of information about the financial affairs of the Charlottesville Dukes as well as their relatives.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis addition to the Duke law firm papers came to the law library after the death of Helen Duke, donor of the original gift, and was given by William E. Duke, Jr. and Lucy D. Kinne.  These papers are principally legal files from the law firm for the years 1904-[1942-1948]-1954 and financial records of the Duke family, and their arrangement follows that of the original gift.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Duke law firm papers include correspondence, case files, legal, insuarance, and financial records, as well as ledgers. The files provide extensive documentation of a small-town family practice. Since the insurance business and the Dukes's family business affairs were handled in the same office as the law practice, these files had remained with the legal files. The family correspondence found with these papers was transferred to Special Collections in Alderman Library. ","The Duke papers were transferred from the first Duke office to the second Duke office, finally to their third office on Park Street, where they apparently were shifted more than once. Things were unavoidably jumbled, but the order within the cartons, the types of file boxes and folders, and the dates made it possible to reconstruct the original filing arrangements.","This collection is rich in source material for scholars of legal, social, or local history. The first area of research focuses on the changes in the character of this small-town law practice from the post-Civil War to the post-World War II periods. There are well-documented accounts in the shifts in the type of legal work the law firm handled, the daily office operations over the years, the economic vicissitudes of the practice, and the attitudes of three generations of lawyers. There is information on the political, economic, and social conditions of the Charlottesville area during the time span of the Dukes' law practice.","Series I. Incoming letters (boxes 1-43) -- From 1869 to 1923 (and occasionally through the 1940's) incoming letters were filed separately from other material.  From 1899 to 1923 all incoming letters were stored annually in special file boxes arranged alphabetically by correspondent's name.  The papers in this series are arranged as they were found.","Series II.  Copies of outgoing letters (boxes 44-57) --  From the 1870's through the teens copies of outgoing letters were kept chronologically in letterpress books.  The books are stored in chronological order.","Series III.  Case files (boxes 58-125) -- The case files date back to 1874 but are concentrated between 1920 and 1955.  While the dates of these case files overlap the chronological ones described above, case files were by no means regularly created until the early twenties when the other system was virtually abandoned.  Since many but not all of the case files were numbered, it was impossible to restore them to numerical order. Therefore, they have been grouped into decades and then arranged alphabetically by title found on the original folder.  If the original folder was numbered, that number is noted on the new one.  The cases concern principally the settlement of debts, property and divorce, as well as, for the last few decades, insurance claims.","Series IV.  Legal documents (boxes 126-145) --  These documents, originally stored apart from case files, are organized chronologically according to type of document, the largest groups of which are deeds (1885-1929) and titles (1876-1936). Also included in this series are documents related to specific cases (ca. 1870-1925), to the coal business, and to miscellaneous matters (ca. 1800-1950).","Series V.  Financial papers (boxes 146-167 and oversize) --  The financial papers were likewise apparently filed separately in the office.  They include notes, bonds, collections, accounts, bills, taxes, etc. and are arranged alphabetically (ca. 1870-1950).  Ledgers containing the same sort of financial records are organized by size.","Series VI.  General office correspondence and cases (boxes 168-185) -- This alphabetical file, ca. 1920-1955, was apparently created for routine correspondence concerning clients and office matters.  For some reason certain cases were also incorporated into the alphabetical system, despite the fact that numbered case files continued to be created until the practice closed.  (To complicate matters a bit further, there seem to have been two alphabetical files used consecutively.  These have now been merged into one.)  This series contains correspondence and case files, desk diaries, memoranda, unfiled office papers, and files relating to the insurance companies Eskridge represented.","Series VII. Insurance agency files (boxes 186-217) -- These files of the Insurance Agency of Charlottesville, 1923-1927, cover the period in which W.F. Carter, Jr. was agent.  At the beginning of the series are documents concerning the audit of the agency and the subsequent incorporation.","Series VIII. Family business files, civic material and miscellany (boxes 218-232) -- These records dating from the 1880's provide a good deal of information about the financial affairs of the Charlottesville Dukes as well as their relatives.","This addition to the Duke law firm papers came to the law library after the death of Helen Duke, donor of the original gift, and was given by William E. Duke, Jr. and Lucy D. Kinne.  These papers are principally legal files from the law firm for the years 1904-[1942-1948]-1954 and financial records of the Duke family, and their arrangement follows that of the original gift."],"names_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Duke family ","Duke, Richard Thomas Walker (R. T. W.), 1822-1898","Duke, William Eskridge, 1893-1959","Duke, William R., 1849-1929"],"corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"names_coll_ssim":["Duke family ","Duke, Richard Thomas Walker (R. T. W.), 1822-1898","Duke, William Eskridge, 1893-1959","Duke, William Eskridge, 1893-1959","Duke, William R., 1849-1929","Duke, Richard Thomas Walker (R. T. W.), 1822-1898"],"famname_ssim":["Duke family "],"persname_ssim":["Duke, Richard Thomas Walker (R. T. W.), 1822-1898","Duke, William Eskridge, 1893-1959","Duke, William R., 1849-1929"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1908,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-24T23:27:34.066Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_66_c04_c05"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria Library","value":"Alexandria Library","hits":212},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"College of William and Mary","value":"College of William and Mary","hits":2869},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=College+of+William+and+Mary\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Colonial Williamsburg","value":"Colonial Williamsburg","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Colonial+Williamsburg\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Edgar Cayce Foundation","value":"Edgar Cayce Foundation","hits":14},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Edgar+Cayce+Foundation\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Fairfax County Public Library","value":"Fairfax County Public Library","hits":4},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Fairfax+County+Public+Library\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"George Mason University","value":"George Mason University","hits":225},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Hampden-Sydney College","value":"Hampden-Sydney College","hits":83},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Hampden-Sydney+College\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"James Madison University","value":"James Madison University","hits":649},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Library of Virginia","value":"Library of Virginia","hits":10},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Longwood University","value":"Longwood University","hits":63},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Longwood+University\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Old Dominion University","value":"Old Dominion University","hits":262},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Old+Dominion+University\u0026view=compact"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"\"Young Eph's Lament\" Song Sheet","value":"\"Young Eph's Lament\" Song Sheet","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=%22Young+Eph%27s+Lament%22+Song+Sheet\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"19th Century Virginia albumen photographs","value":"19th Century Virginia albumen photographs","hits":3},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=19th+Century+Virginia+albumen+photographs\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"6th Battery of Binghamton, N.Y. Veterans minute book","value":"6th Battery of Binghamton, N.Y. Veterans minute book","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=6th+Battery+of+Binghamton%2C+N.Y.+Veterans+minute+book\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A. E. Dick Howard papers","value":"A. E. Dick Howard papers","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=A.+E.+Dick+Howard+papers\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A. H. Hand Papers","value":"A. H. Hand Papers","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=A.+H.+Hand+Papers\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A. J. Davis Family Collection","value":"A. J. Davis Family Collection","hits":8},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=A.+J.+Davis+Family+Collection\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A. K. Leake Papers","value":"A. K. Leake Papers","hits":3},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=A.+K.+Leake+Papers\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A. S. Lara papers","value":"A. S. Lara papers","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=A.+S.+Lara+papers\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A. Willis Robertson Papers","value":"A. Willis Robertson Papers","hits":5},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=A.+Willis+Robertson+Papers\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A.B. Stickney, Compiler, Genealogical Materials","value":"A.B. Stickney, Compiler, Genealogical Materials","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=A.B.+Stickney%2C+Compiler%2C+Genealogical+Materials\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A.C.L. Gatewood Papers","value":"A.C.L. Gatewood Papers","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=A.C.L.+Gatewood+Papers\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026view=compact"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/collection_ssim.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"facet","id":"date_range_isim","attributes":{"label":"Date range","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"0","value":"0","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=0\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"909","value":"909","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=909\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"910","value":"910","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=910\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"911","value":"911","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=911\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"912","value":"912","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=912\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"913","value":"913","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=913\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"914","value":"914","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=914\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"915","value":"915","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=915\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"916","value":"916","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=916\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"917","value":"917","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=917\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"918","value":"918","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=918\u0026view=compact"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/date_range_isim.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"facet","id":"creator_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Creator","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"6th Battery of Binghamton . N. Y. Veterans","value":"6th Battery of Binghamton . N. Y. Veterans","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=6th+Battery+of+Binghamton+.+N.+Y.+Veterans\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A. D. Handy, Stereopticons and Supplies (Boston, Ma)","value":"A. D. Handy, Stereopticons and Supplies (Boston, Ma)","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=A.+D.+Handy%2C+Stereopticons+and+Supplies+%28Boston%2C+Ma%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts","value":"Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Academy+of+Sciences+and+Fine+Arts\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Acker, David C., 1869-1959","value":"Acker, David C., 1869-1959","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Acker%2C+David+C.%2C+1869-1959\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Acker, Isaac, 1832-1908","value":"Acker, Isaac, 1832-1908","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Acker%2C+Isaac%2C+1832-1908\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Ackerson, John Thaddeus, 1898-1975","value":"Ackerson, John Thaddeus, 1898-1975","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Ackerson%2C+John+Thaddeus%2C+1898-1975\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Adams, Edith","value":"Adams, Edith","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Adams%2C+Edith\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Adams, Herbert Baxter, 1850-1901","value":"Adams, Herbert Baxter, 1850-1901","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Adams%2C+Herbert+Baxter%2C+1850-1901\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Adams, John Quincy, 1767-1848","value":"Adams, John Quincy, 1767-1848","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Adams%2C+John+Quincy%2C+1767-1848\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Adams, John, 1735-1826","value":"Adams, John, 1735-1826","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Adams%2C+John%2C+1735-1826\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Adams, Louisa Catherine, 1775-1852","value":"Adams, Louisa Catherine, 1775-1852","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Adams%2C+Louisa+Catherine%2C+1775-1852\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026view=compact"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/creator_ssim.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"facet","id":"names_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Names","items":[{"attributes":{"label":" Caruthers, William Alexander","value":" Caruthers, William Alexander","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=+Caruthers%2C+William+Alexander\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":" Los Angeles Times (Firm)","value":" Los Angeles Times (Firm)","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=+Los+Angeles+Times+%28Firm%29\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":" Preston, William","value":" Preston, William","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=+Preston%2C+William\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"4-H Clubs - West Virginia.","value":"4-H Clubs - West Virginia.","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=4-H+Clubs+-+West+Virginia.\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"6th Battery of Binghamton . N. Y. Veterans","value":"6th Battery of Binghamton . N. Y. Veterans","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=6th+Battery+of+Binghamton+.+N.+Y.+Veterans\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A. A. Hill","value":"A. A. Hill","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=A.+A.+Hill\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A. D. Handy, Stereopticons and Supplies (Boston, Ma)","value":"A. D. Handy, Stereopticons and Supplies (Boston, Ma)","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=A.+D.+Handy%2C+Stereopticons+and+Supplies+%28Boston%2C+Ma%29\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A. W. Luster","value":"A. W. Luster","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=A.+W.+Luster\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A.E. McEwen","value":"A.E. McEwen","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=A.E.+McEwen\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A.G. Lichtenstein and Associates ","value":"A.G. Lichtenstein and Associates ","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=A.G.+Lichtenstein+and+Associates+\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"ANTA (Organization)","value":"ANTA (Organization)","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=ANTA+%28Organization%29\u0026view=compact"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/names_ssim.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"facet","id":"geogname_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Places","items":[{"attributes":{"label":" \tWater-supply--Virginia--Charlottesville","value":" \tWater-supply--Virginia--Charlottesville","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=+%09Water-supply--Virginia--Charlottesville\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":" Ohio County (W. Va.) -- Archives","value":" Ohio County (W. Va.) -- Archives","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=+Ohio+County+%28W.+Va.%29+--+Archives\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":" United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","value":" United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","hits":6},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=+United+States+--+History+--+Civil+War%2C+1861-1865\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Abb's Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","value":"Abb's Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Abb%27s+Valley+%28Va.+and+W.+Va.%29\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Accomack County (Va.)--History","value":"Accomack County (Va.)--History","hits":3},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Accomack+County+%28Va.%29--History\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Accomack County, V.A.","value":"Accomack County, V.A.","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Accomack+County%2C+V.A.\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Africa","value":"Africa","hits":3},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Africa\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Africa, East--Maps","value":"Africa, East--Maps","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Africa%2C+East--Maps\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Africa--Description and travel","value":"Africa--Description and travel","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Africa--Description+and+travel\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"African Americans--History.","value":"African Americans--History.","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans--History.\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Aguaruna indigenous group","value":"Aguaruna indigenous group","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Aguaruna+indigenous+group\u0026view=compact"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/geogname_ssim.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"facet","id":"access_subjects_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Subjects","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"\tUnited States. Army--Artillery","value":"\tUnited States. Army--Artillery","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=%09United+States.+Army--Artillery\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":" Business enterprises -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","value":" Business enterprises -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=+Business+enterprises+--+Virginia+--+Harrisonburg\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":" Leather industry and trade -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- 19th century","value":" Leather industry and trade -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- 19th century","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=+Leather+industry+and+trade+--+Virginia+--+Harrisonburg+--+19th+century\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":" Lumber -- Virginia -- Augusta County","value":" Lumber -- Virginia -- Augusta County","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=+Lumber+--+Virginia+--+Augusta+County\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":" Manufacturing industries -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","value":" Manufacturing industries -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=+Manufacturing+industries+--+Virginia+--+Harrisonburg+--+History\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":" New Market, Battle of, New Market, Va., 1864—Anniversaries","value":" New Market, Battle of, New Market, Va., 1864—Anniversaries","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=+New+Market%2C+Battle+of%2C+New+Market%2C+Va.%2C+1864%E2%80%94Anniversaries\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":" Tobacco -- Cooperative Marketing -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","value":" Tobacco -- Cooperative Marketing -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=+Tobacco+--+Cooperative+Marketing+--+Virginia+--+Rockingham+County\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":" Women's Scrapbook/ Commonplace Book Collections (University of Virginia)","value":" Women's Scrapbook/ Commonplace Book Collections (University of Virginia)","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=+Women%27s+Scrapbook%2F+Commonplace+Book+Collections+%28University+of+Virginia%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"19th Century U.S. Newspapers","value":"19th Century U.S. Newspapers","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=19th+Century+U.S.+Newspapers\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"19th century","value":"19th century","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=19th+century\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"20th Century U.S. Newspapers","value":"20th Century U.S. Newspapers","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=20th+Century+U.S.+Newspapers\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026view=compact"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/access_subjects_ssim.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"facet","id":"level_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Level","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Box","value":"Box","hits":471},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Box\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Class","value":"Class","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Class\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Collection","value":"Collection","hits":2830},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"File","value":"File","hits":7756},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=File\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Item","value":"Item","hits":1945},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Item\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Record Group","value":"Record Group","hits":15},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Record+Group\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Record group","value":"Record group","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Record+group\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Section","value":"Section","hits":13},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Section\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Series","value":"Series","hits":1425},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Series\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Subfonds","value":"Subfonds","hits":3},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subfonds\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Subgroup","value":"Subgroup","hits":25},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subgroup\u0026view=compact"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/level_ssim.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"facet","id":"access","attributes":{"label":"Access","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Online access","value":"online","hits":47},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026view=compact"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/access.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"all_fields","attributes":{"label":"All Fields"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026page=20\u0026search_field=all_fields\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"keyword","attributes":{"label":"Keyword"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026page=20\u0026search_field=keyword\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"name","attributes":{"label":"Name"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026page=20\u0026search_field=name\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"place","attributes":{"label":"Place"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026page=20\u0026search_field=place\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"subject","attributes":{"label":"Subject"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026page=20\u0026search_field=subject\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"title","attributes":{"label":"Title"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026page=20\u0026search_field=title\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"container","attributes":{"label":"Container"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026page=20\u0026search_field=container\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"identifier","attributes":{"label":"Identifier"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026page=20\u0026search_field=identifier\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"sort","id":"score desc, title_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"relevance"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026page=20\u0026sort=score+desc%2C+title_sort+asc\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"sort","id":"date_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"date (ascending)"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026page=20\u0026sort=date_sort+asc\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"sort","id":"date_sort desc","attributes":{"label":"date (descending)"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026page=20\u0026sort=date_sort+desc\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"sort","id":"creator_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"creator (A-Z)"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026page=20\u0026sort=creator_sort+asc\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"sort","id":"creator_sort desc","attributes":{"label":"creator (Z-A)"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026page=20\u0026sort=creator_sort+desc\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"sort","id":"title_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"title (A-Z)"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026page=20\u0026sort=title_sort+asc\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"sort","id":"title_sort desc","attributes":{"label":"title (Z-A)"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026page=20\u0026sort=title_sort+desc\u0026view=compact"}}]}