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The papers concern a broad range of political, social, financial, and legal topics, particularly focusing on J. Hammond Siler, Jr., his parents, J. Hammond Siler, Sr. and Jessie Castleman Siler (residents of the Town of Bath better known as Berkeley Springs). Also includes correspondence and other papers from related families. Subjects include banking, the Civil War, the Episcopal church, secession of Virginia, Virginia Loyalty Oath, women's diaries, and women's letters and papers. A notable item in the collection is the diary of Anne Doyne Wolff Strother, wife of artist and writer David Hunter Strother, documenting a trip with husband and daughter Emily to New Orleans in 1857 (S2/Box 67, folder 1a).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries include:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1. J. Hammond Siler, Jr. (ca. 1848-1968), boxes S1/Box 1-S1/Box 50\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 2. J. Hammond Siler, Sr. (ca. 1848-1968), boxes S2/Box 1-S2/Box 89\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 3. Jessie Castleman Siler (ca. 1848-1968), boxes S3/Box 1-S3/Box 2\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 4. A.C. Hammond (ca. 1848-1968), boxes S4/Box 1-S4/Box 4\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 5. Ann R. Castleman (ca. 1848-1968), boxes S5/Box 1-S5/Box 2\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 6. Photographs (ca. 1848-1968), box S6/Box 1\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 7. Wrapped Packages (ca. 1848-1968), Wrapped Packages 1-26\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 8. Oversize Material (ca. 1848-1968), box S8/Box 1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes the personal and business papers and correspondence of J. Hammond Siler, Jr. and his career with the Federal Bank Reserve of Richmond, VA. 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The papers concern a broad range of political, social, financial, and legal topics, particularly focusing on J. Hammond Siler, Jr., his parents, J. Hammond Siler, Sr. and Jessie Castleman Siler (residents of the Town of Bath better known as Berkeley Springs). Also includes correspondence and other papers from related families. Subjects include banking, the Civil War, the Episcopal church, secession of Virginia, Virginia Loyalty Oath, women's diaries, and women's letters and papers. A notable item in the collection is the diary of Anne Doyne Wolff Strother, wife of artist and writer David Hunter Strother, documenting a trip with husband and daughter Emily to New Orleans in 1857 (S2/Box 67, folder 1a).","Series include:","Series 1. J. Hammond Siler, Jr. (ca. 1848-1968), boxes S1/Box 1-S1/Box 50 \nSeries 2. J. Hammond Siler, Sr. (ca. 1848-1968), boxes S2/Box 1-S2/Box 89 \nSeries 3. Jessie Castleman Siler (ca. 1848-1968), boxes S3/Box 1-S3/Box 2 \nSeries 4. A.C. Hammond (ca. 1848-1968), boxes S4/Box 1-S4/Box 4 \nSeries 5. Ann R. Castleman (ca. 1848-1968), boxes S5/Box 1-S5/Box 2 \nSeries 6. Photographs (ca. 1848-1968), box S6/Box 1 \nSeries 7. Wrapped Packages (ca. 1848-1968), Wrapped Packages 1-26 \nSeries 8. Oversize Material (ca. 1848-1968), box S8/Box 1","This series includes the personal and business papers and correspondence of J. Hammond Siler, Jr. and his career with the Federal Bank Reserve of Richmond, VA. Also included are records of various regional and national banking conferences and assorted printed material.","This series includes the personal and legal correspondence and papers of J. Hammond Siler, Sr. and his career as a lawyer in West Virginia. Also included are assorted deeds, ledgers, and pamphlets on various legal and religious topics.","This series includes the personal correspondence of Jessie Castleman Siler, wife of J. Hammond Siler, Sr. Also included is material regarding the Red Cross.","This series includes the personal correspondence of A.C. Hammond. Also included are material regarding Hammond's finances and assorted legal papers.","This series includes the personal correspondence and financial papers of Ann R. Castleman. Also includes the correspondence of other members of the Castleman family and genealogical material for the Hammond, Castleman, and Siler families.","This series includes assorted photographs of the Siler family.","This series includes ledgers for the Hammond \u0026 Siler and John T. Siler \u0026 Son businesses, assorted account books, and family bibles.","This series consists of assorted oversize material, including blueprints, children's books, and sheet music."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_172a403f6611d4a5931c460b0b7692df\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_coll_ssim":["American Institute of Banking","Baltimore Trust Company","Bull and Bear Club","Citizens Trust and Guaranty Company of West Virginia - Bonds.","Emerald Shillelagh Chowder and Marching Society, Inc.","Hammond and Siler General Store.","Virginia. General Assembly. House of Delegates","Montgomery Ward","American Red Cross","Sears, Roebuck and Company","Steel - Hancock Steel Company.","Great Cacapon Silica Sand Company","Campbell family","Castleman family - Genealogy","Hammond family - Genealogy","Humphries family - Genealogy","Isler family - Genealogy","Shepard family - Genealogy","Seller family - Genealogy","Seiler family","Armstrong, James D.","Castleman, Ann Rebecca Isler.","Castleman, Estelle.","Castleman, Frank A.","Castleman, Sarah Jane.","Faulkner, Charles James, 1806-1884","Hammond, Allen C.","Hammond, Cadet N.","Hotee, John.","Randolph, Emily Strother.","Rinehart, E. A.","Siler, J. Hammond Jr.","Siler, J. Hammond Sr.","Siler, Jessie Castleman.","Siler, John T.","Strother, Anne Doyne.","Van Gosen, James D.","Whisner, Samuel.","Widmyer, P. S.","Hardin, Moses"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","American Institute of Banking","Baltimore Trust Company","Bull and Bear Club","Citizens Trust and Guaranty Company of West Virginia - Bonds.","Emerald Shillelagh Chowder and Marching Society, Inc.","Hammond and Siler General Store.","Virginia. General Assembly. House of Delegates","Montgomery Ward","American Red Cross","Sears, Roebuck and Company","Steel - Hancock Steel Company.","Great Cacapon Silica Sand Company","Seiler family","Campbell family","Castleman family - Genealogy","Hammond family - Genealogy","Humphries family - Genealogy","Isler family - Genealogy","Shepard family - Genealogy","Seller family - Genealogy","Armstrong, James D.","Castleman, Ann Rebecca Isler.","Castleman, Estelle.","Castleman, Frank A.","Castleman, Sarah Jane.","Faulkner, Charles James, 1806-1884","Hammond, Allen C.","Hammond, Cadet N.","Hotee, John.","Randolph, Emily Strother.","Rinehart, E. A.","Siler, J. Hammond Jr.","Siler, J. Hammond Sr.","Siler, Jessie Castleman.","Siler, John T.","Strother, Anne Doyne.","Van Gosen, James D.","Whisner, Samuel.","Widmyer, P. S.","Hardin, Moses"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","American Institute of Banking","Baltimore Trust Company","Bull and Bear Club","Citizens Trust and Guaranty Company of West Virginia - Bonds.","Emerald Shillelagh Chowder and Marching Society, Inc.","Hammond and Siler General Store.","Virginia. General Assembly. House of Delegates","Montgomery Ward","American Red Cross","Sears, Roebuck and Company","Steel - Hancock Steel Company.","Great Cacapon Silica Sand Company"],"famname_ssim":["Seiler family","Campbell family","Castleman family - Genealogy","Hammond family - Genealogy","Humphries family - Genealogy","Isler family - Genealogy","Shepard family - Genealogy","Seller family - Genealogy"],"persname_ssim":["Armstrong, James D.","Castleman, Ann Rebecca Isler.","Castleman, Estelle.","Castleman, Frank A.","Castleman, Sarah Jane.","Faulkner, Charles James, 1806-1884","Hammond, Allen C.","Hammond, Cadet N.","Hotee, John.","Randolph, Emily Strother.","Rinehart, E. A.","Siler, J. Hammond Jr.","Siler, J. Hammond Sr.","Siler, Jessie Castleman.","Siler, John T.","Strother, Anne Doyne.","Van Gosen, James D.","Whisner, Samuel.","Widmyer, P. S.","Hardin, Moses"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1463,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:52:04.570Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5880_c02_c428"}},{"id":"viu_viu00917_c01_c26_c01","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"A. Coal and Coke Receipts,\n                     [1]-[10]","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_viu00917_c01_c26_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_viu00917_c01_c26_c01","ref_ssm":["viu_viu00917_c01_c26_c01"],"id":"viu_viu00917_c01_c26_c01","ead_ssi":"viu_viu00917","_root_":"viu_viu00917","_nest_parent_":"viu_viu00917_c01_c26","parent_ssi":"viu_viu00917_c01_c26","parent_ssim":["viu_viu00917","viu_viu00917_c01","viu_viu00917_c01_c26"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_viu00917","viu_viu00917_c01","viu_viu00917_c01_c26"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927","Bound Volumes","Shipments-Incoming"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927","Bound Volumes","Shipments-Incoming"],"text":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927","Bound Volumes","Shipments-Incoming","A. Coal and Coke Receipts,\n                     [1]-[10]","9 volumes"],"title_filing_ssi":"A. Coal and Coke Receipts,\n                     [1]-[10]","title_ssm":["A. Coal and Coke Receipts,\n                     [1]-[10]"],"title_tesim":["A. Coal and Coke Receipts,\n                     [1]-[10]"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1880-1910"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1880/1910"],"normalized_title_ssm":["A. Coal and Coke Receipts,\n                     [1]-[10]"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927"],"physdesc_tesim":["9 volumes"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":139,"date_range_isim":[1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#25/components#0","timestamp":"2026-05-21T12:10:02.328Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_viu00917","ead_ssi":"viu_viu00917","_root_":"viu_viu00917","_nest_parent_":"viu_viu00917","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/uva-sc/viu00917.xml","title_ssm":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927"],"title_tesim":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["662"],"text":["662","Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927","95 linear feer + 1200\n         volumes","Stored off-site. Users must request boxes 48 hours in advance of desired use. Neither drop-in nor next-day requests can be fulfilled. For additional information, contact Special Collections. \n","The word \"organization\" is used here with considerable\n         diffidence, for any researcher studying the container list\n         that follows will realize quickly that there is no\n         organization in the usual sense of the word.","As noted under \"Provenance,\" the Low Moor Iron Company\n         papers were subjected to a number of moves; when processing\n         began in the fall of 1976, no discernible scheme of\n         organization could be determined.","The first step was to review the series of coded numbers\n         placed on the bundles of papers before they were moved to\n         the dormitory attic, but these did not provide any sort of\n         useful organization. Next, the spine titles of the original\n         letter boxes were reviewed (they had been copied onto the\n         gray cardboard sheets before the move to the dormitory\n         attic), but they, too, proved useless.","These steps having provided no scheme, and after a\n         considerable hiatus due to a turnover in student processors\n         on the collection, the new student processors were\n         instructed to begin a box-by-box inventory of the contents\n         of the collection. During this inventory, old folders were\n         replaced with acid-free ones, and the original folder\n         headings were copied onto the new ones. Some removal of\n         paper clips was accomplished, and the materials were\n         reviewed and notes taken for the guide.","Some consolidation of materials was accomplished, and in\n         other cases, materials were moved. This work has created\n         some problems in the numbering of the boxes. Thus, the\n         researchers will find boxes marked \"6A\" and \"23C\"; he will\n         also discover that certain box numbers have been entirely\n         omitted. As the box numbers exist only to aid in the\n         location of material, it was not felt that the unusual\n         numbers and the omissions would cause problems in working\n         with the papers.","A certain amount of movement of boxes within the\n         collection, and of materials among boxes, probably would\n         ease use of it. But what processing was accomplished on\n         this project took far longer than had been anticipated, and\n         there was no time in the late spring of 1978, when the\n         processors had to complete their work with the project, to\n         undertake a mass movement of material. Thus, they stand in\n         the order in which we found them at the beginning of the\n         project.","The Low Moor Iron Company, the first producer of pig\n         iron in Virginia according to the company's claims, was a\n         self-contained manufacturing unit producing from its own\n         mines the coal, limestone, and iron ore needed for its iron\n         production. Located in Low Moor near Clifton Forge in\n         Alleghany County in western Virginia, an area rich in\n         mineral deposits, the company was in operation from\n         1872-1930, producing only pig iron; it never attempted to\n         produce finished iron products.","Coal came to the Low Moor furnaces from the Kay Moor\n         Mines at Kay Moor, West Virginia, about thirty miles from\n         Low Moor; limestone was produced from the Low Moor\n         limestone quarries; and iron ore came from the Fenwick,\n         Dolly Ann, Jordan, Rich Patch, Low Moor, and Longdale\n         Mines, most of them within twenty miles of Low Moor at\n         Covington or Clifton Forge.","The towns of Low Moor and Kay Moor were company towns in\n         every respect. Workers lived in company-owned houses,\n         bought food in company stores, worshiped at the company\n         church, saw movies in the company theater, were treated in\n         the company hospital, and were buried in the company\n         cemetery. Workers received part of their pay in scrip that\n         they exchanged for goods and services. According to a\n         statement from the Kay Moor Mines dated November 1904, Kay\n         Moor then employed 338 people, paid them an average wage of\n         $36.26 per month, and issued half of their pay in scrip.\n         Kay Moor had four stores; Low Moor had seven or eight. All\n         of these stores carried large inventories which are\n         detailed in the collection. These inventories are valuable\n         to anyone interested in determining the wants and needs of\n         a coal miner and his family.","In the late 1910's and 1920's Kay Moor had a company\n         theater called the Azure Theater which seated about 300\n         people. There were also plans for a company-owned social\n         center, to have pool tables, a soda fountain, and\n         provisions for dancing and skating. The company was in\n         tough economic straits by the 1920's, however, and there is\n         no evidence that the social center was built. The town of\n         Low Moor was so completely under the company's influence\n         that one of Low Moor Iron Company's assistant managers\n         served as the town sheriff. He often foreclosed on people\n         who did not pay their debts, and drove troublesome people\n         \"out of town on a rail\" as he put it.","The Low Moor Iron Company's fortunes fluctuated during\n         the various business cycles between the years 1880-1930.\n         Low Moor was one of the larger pig iron producers in\n         Virginia, but Virginia pig iron production was not\n         important nationally. Low Moor officials sometimes sold\n         their product themselves, but more often they used agents,\n         the prevalent method at the time. Low Moor Iron Company\n         used a variety of agents through the 1900's. James F. Bryan\n         acted as the exclusive agent for the sale of Kay Moor Coal\n         from September 21, 1903 to September, 1905. From about 1890\n         until about 1910 Dalton Nash and Company were the exclusive\n         eastern agents of Low Moor Iron. After that time the\n         exclusive agency went to Philips Isham and Company located\n         in New York. From about 1890 the western agency was handled\n         chiefly by Thomas Mack and Company. After 1902 Thomas Mack\n         and Company underwent a name change, becoming Walter\n         Wallingford and Company, with offices located in\n         Cincinnati, Pittsburgh, and Chicago.","Perhaps the Low Moor Iron Company's biggest problem over\n         the years was obtaining railroad cars for the\n         transportation of its finished product. Low Moor Iron\n         Company had its own cars for transporting its raw materials\n         among its various facilities. For the long haul necessary\n         for its finished goods, however, it depended upon the\n         services of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad, and the\n         relationship was not always a happy one. The Low Moor\n         Company complained many times to the C \u0026 O Railroad\n         about the discrepancies between long-and shorthaul freight\n         rates. Low Moor also had trouble getting cars from the C\n         \u0026 O. In a letter to one of Low Moor Company's agents\n         from an irate customer dated 1898, the customer wrote: \"We\n         wrote you on Saturday and endeavored to question upon your\n         mind the necessity of taking care of us with Low Moor iron.\n         We are on our uppers--there is not a pound of Low Moor iron\n         in the yard. Of the one hundred tons ordered some time ago,\n         not one pound of it has been received.\" This was, according\n         to the Low Moor Iron Company, because they could not get\n         the railroad cars. In a letter from Thomas Mack and Company\n         dated November 26, 1901, to General Manager E. C. Means:\n         \"We are hopeful that the car supply will get better because\n         of the number of orders you have of ours for prompt\n         shipment. Our customers are complaining that they are not\n         getting the iron fast enough. . . . We hope that the\n         railroad will be able to supply you with empty cars.\" In\n         another letter dated 1916 to John B. Guernsey, then acting\n         General Manager of the Low Moor Iron Company, \"We were not\n         supplied with coke cars for today's loading, and\n         consequently we have been practically down of Kay Moor\n         ovens all day.\"","The problem of procuring labor also plagued the Low Moor\n         Company. The company sometimes tried to hire immigrant\n         laborers and send the men directly to Low Moor from New\n         York City. There were problems with this, as is explained\n         in the following letter dated April 7, 1906: \n          To Mr. George Wickes \n             Supt. of Mines \n             Kay Moor, Virginia \n             Dear George, \n             Tony arrived with twenty one men last night. One\n            got away in Jersey two in Washington D.C., four in\n            Charlottesville. Some of the men are very good looking,\n            but taken as a whole they are the worst lot I have ever\n            seen: Irish, German-Jews, and Italians. . . . Our New\n            York transportations to this place have never been a\n            success. Signed, \n             Ed D. Wickes Supt. of Mines Low Moor usually employed labor agencies, one\n         of which was Atwood's Employment Agency. Often the Low Moor\n         Company would request certain nationalities, believing them\n         to be better workers than others. Sometimes the company\n         would request a gang of twenty made up of \"ten Greeks and\n         ten Italians.\" Many of the immigrants fled Low Moor and Kay\n         Moor when they learned that they would have to work\n         underground. There is a fair amount of material on\n         immigrant labor and its procurement in the collection, and\n         it is noted in the description of the box contents.","Low Moor Iron Company not only had trouble procuring\n         labor, but it also had trouble with labor already employed\n         in the mines and at the factory. Labor dissension and\n         strikes troubled the Kay Moor Mines through the 1900's. The\n         great coal strike of 1902 hurt the Low Moor Company's coal\n         mining operation, but by 1903 things were \"nearly back to\n         normal\" according to the mine superintendent. There was\n         still trouble at Kay Moor Mines, however. In a letter dated\n         April 26, 1906, to the treasurer of Low Moor Company, the\n         manager of the mines wrote about the trouble in \"trying to\n         get the agitators out.\" The mines were seventy-five men\n         short of the total labor force needed because many of the\n         coal miners returned to their farms during the spring.\n         There were rumblings of another strike at Kay Moor, the\n         result of which was to be a fourteen percent increase in\n         wages for the Kay Moor Mine workers via an agreement with\n         the United Mine Workers Union in December.","The Low Moor Iron Company grew along with the rest of\n         Virginia industry in the 1890's and 1900's. Starting with\n         only one furnace in the 1870's, it opened a second furnace\n         at Covington, Virginia, in 1891. In 1911 it opened a third\n         furnace, this time at Low Moor. Covington, with its heavy\n         industry, soon became known as the \"Pittsburgh of\n         Virginia.\" Virginia's pig iron production rose from 9,000\n         short tons in 1870 to 544,034 long tons in 1903. Judging\n         from the Low Moor Company's correspondence, the most\n         prosperous period for the company fell between the years\n         1895-1907. In the years between 1907-1917 problems befell\n         the Virginia pig iron industry. In a letter from William W.\n         Hearns, the president of the Virginia based Princess Pig\n         Iron Company, to U. S. Senator Thomas S. Martin, Hearns\n         writes of the problems of the Virginia pig iron industry:\n         \"There is not a blast furnace in Virginia that is making\n         any money from the manufacture of pig iron. The cause of\n         this is there is an exceedingly low price on pig iron in\n         the country at the present time, and the increased cost of\n         manufacturing is due to the increase in wages in all\n         lines.\" With the outbreak of World War I prices rose\n         dramatically, but in a market report to Low Moor dated\n         November 11, 1916, it was stated that: \"In spite of the\n         high prices, it is not a picnic to be in the iron industry.\n         There is a desperate shortage of cars and equipment in the\n         coal and iron districts, and in consequence there are\n         troubles of all kinds to get materials shipped. The\n         situation has grown serious.\"","When America became involved in the First World War, it\n         meant a boost for the Low Moor Iron Company. The government\n         helped it procure labor, and even helped it repair its\n         furnaces. The problem of supplies and cars for their\n         shipments, however, plagued the company more than ever. It\n         had a good deal of trouble getting all the raw materials it\n         needed due chiefly to the \"tight ship\" run by Harry F.\n         Byrd, Sr., U.S. Fuel Administrator for Virginia. After the\n         war very serious problems began to trouble the Low Moor\n         Iron Company. The demand for iron fell precipitously and a\n         short but severe depression ensued from 1919-1922. The\n         depression seemed to hit the iron industry especially hard.\n         Prices took a huge drop due to the lack of demand, and many\n         pre-war contracts had to be revalued. To compound the\n         company's problems, the Kay Moor Mines went on strike in\n         1919. This strike was quickly settled, as the market for\n         coal was so good that the Low Moor Company ceased taking\n         orders temporarily in 1921 as it could not fill the orders\n         it had on hand.","The Low Moor Company furnaces lay idle for some twenty\n         months. Finally, in November 1922 one of Low Moor's\n         furnaces was finally fired up. While prosperity gradually\n         returned to the rest of the country, the Low Moor Iron\n         Company never recovered. Production of pig iron in the\n         Virginia iron industry declined from 544,034 tons in 1903\n         to 148,053 tons in 1923, considered a good year for the\n         industry as a whole. In February 1926 Low Moor officials\n         talked of merging with two other iron companies in order to\n         revive the iron business for the three companies. The\n         merger, however, never occurred. By late 1926 the company\n         was in the process of liquidation. An advertisement in the\n         Charleston, West Virginia, Daily Mail dated April 30, 1927,\n         told of a huge warehouse sale at the Low Moor Iron Company.\n         The advertisement noted \"thousands of screws, pipe\n         fittings, valves, etc.\" The last piece of correspondence\n         from the Low Moor Iron Company in the collection is dated\n         1929. It deals with the sale of a machine.","Why did the iron industry in Virginia decline as it did?\n         Some say that lack of speed, efficiency, and a decent\n         transportation system for Alleghany County caused it. In a\n         letter from C. E. Bertie, secretary of the Virginia Pig\n         Iron Association, to the \n          Manufacturers Record dated 1925, Bertie claimed that it was the\n         tremendous rise in the cost of transportation. Virginia, he\n         claimed, had almost no home market. Over 80% of its normal\n         production was shipped out to other states. The failure of\n         the Interstate Commerce Commission to treat Virginia\n         furnaces as southern furnaces was the cause of much of the\n         trouble. From 1914-1925 there were four blanket increases\n         in freight rates in the country, of which only one applied\n         equally to all localities. Southern furnaces were received\n         only two increases--a 25% increase in 1918 and a 25%\n         increase in 1920--but northern furnaces had had 5%, 15%,\n         25%, and 40% increases in their transportation costs.\n         Virginia furnaces, although recognized as southern\n         furnaces, had had freight rates increased in line with the\n         northern furnaces. Prior to the war Virginia iron reached\n         all points in Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, and Illinois on a\n         competitive basis with southern furnaces. After World War I\n         the advantage was limited to a small portion of\n         southeastern Ohio. All of Indiana, Illinois, and Michigan\n         were now lost to the Virginia producers. The Virginia\n         producer, according to Bertie, felt that the freight rates\n         should be restored to a relationship with southern\n         furnaces. If what Bertie said was true, the other southern\n         states iron industries should not have been in the same\n         desperate economic straits as Virginia's, and statistics\n         should support this. In the 1920's production rose to new\n         heights in Alabama. In Tennessee, however, iron production\n         plunged to new lows during the 1920's. While the south\n         accounted for 10.2% of the entire U. S. production in the\n         years 1919-1924, Virginia accounted for less than 1% during\n         those years. In 1915 Virginia accounted for over 6% of the\n         U.S. iron production. One can see a decline in other areas\n         of the south than Virginia. While the discrepancies in the\n         freight rates may have helped cause the decline, clearly\n         there are other reasons.","During the 1900's there was a discovery of extremely\n         rich iron ore deposits in the mid-west. Much of this ore\n         was on or near the surface, making the mining of it both\n         easy and inexpensive. This in turn lowered production costs\n         of the pig iron. This caused iron production to shift to\n         that region, and resulted in a decline in the Virginia iron\n         industry. There was a sharp increase in iron production in\n         the mid-west through the 1920's. The iron ore in the\n         mid-west may have been of better quality than Virginia, but\n         the iron ore in Virginia was of sufficient quality to\n         produce a good pig iron. The western ore deposits were not\n         as conveniently located as Virginia deposits, but the\n         inexpensiveness of production more than made up for it.","In examining the rise and fall of the Low Moor Iron\n         Company, we can see a situation in which the conditions for\n         the manufacture of iron were nearly ideal. There was plenty\n         of land for expansion and resources for the manufacture of\n         the iron. The major internal problem faced by the Low Moor\n         Iron Company was that of transportation. External\n         developments, however, caused the final demise of the Low\n         Moor Iron Company.","Low Moor Iron Company Personnel:","Executive Staff: Managing Director, Colonel H. M.\n         Goodwin: ca. 1881. General Managers: H. G. Merry: ca.\n         1884-1902; E. C. Means: ca. 1905-1915; J. P. Guernsey: ca.\n         1915 (acting General Manager); F. U. Humbert: ca.\n         1916-1929. Assistant General Manager: E. B. Wilkinson: ca.\n         1909-1915. Treasurers and Assistant Treasurers: Edward Low:\n         ca. 1886-1898; Frank Lyman (in New York): ca. 1898-1919; S.\n         G. Cragill (Asst. Treasurer): ca. 1900-1915; H. A. Dalton:\n         ca. 1921-1929; John Lipscomb (Asst. Treasurer): ca.\n         1918-1928.","Factory and Mine Supervisors: Kay Moor Superintendents:\n         C. C. Cooke: ca. 1918; Ed. D. Wickes: ca. 1906; H. L.\n         Tansell: ca. 1903; A. H. Reed: ca. 1906. Kay Moor Managers:\n         J. W. Monteith: manager of mines. ca. 1918; promoted in\n         1925 to general superintendent in charge of mine plants,\n         coke ovens, shops, repairs, and construction; A. L.\n         Monteith: assistant superintendent of mines, ca. 1918;\n         George T. Wickes: manager of Covington mines, ca.\n         1906-1917; Ross Howell, ca. 1918. Stack Mines\n         Superintendents: J. H. Carpenter: ca. 1906; C. D.\n         Oberschain: ca. 1907; J. L. Harris: ca. 1903; John S. Ham:\n         ca. 1891-1901. Rich Patch Mines Superintendents: John R.\n         Thompson: foreman, ca. 1906. Low Moor assorted other\n         personnel: S. L. Tulley: trainmaster, ca. 1906; B. J.\n         Shenkley: foreman, Low Moor limestone quarries; L. Q. Wood:\n         assistant traffic manager, ca. 1919.","The Low Moor Iron Company ceased operations in 1930;\n            what happened to the records of the company in the years\n            immediately following is not known, but in 1939, the Green\n            Bookman, a Charlottesville bookshop, sold the records to\n            the University of Virginia Library.","The records arrived at the receiving room door of the\n            new Alderman Library on October 16, 1939, in a trailer\n            truck whose load was estimated to weigh about fourteen\n            tons. As the manuscripts staff dug around in the piles of\n            over 1200 account books, and countless boxes of papers they\n            realized that the company had saved almost all of its\n            papers including checks, invoices, vouchers, and receipts,\n            and certain of these records were destroyed as their\n            information was recorded in other records. Once the bulk of\n            the collection had been reduced, the remaining records were\n            transferred to the stack area of the Division of Rare Books\n            and Manuscripts.","By 1958, little storage space remained in Alderman\n            Library, and the Rare Books and Manuscripts Division was\n            especially crowded because of the rapid growth of its\n            collections. After an examination of its storage areas, the\n            division's staff decided to move the Low Moor records to\n            the attic of one of the student dormitories. The collection\n            had had little use chiefly because there was no finding\n            aid. There seemed little likelihood of extensive researcher\n            use until the collection could be processed.","In preparation for the move, the old letter boxes in\n            which much of the collection had arrived in the Library\n            were discarded. The records from each box were placed\n            between sheets of the heavy gray cardboard used to protect\n            unbound newspapers in the Library's stacks, and the spine\n            labels of the old letter boxes were copied onto the\n            cardboard. The resulting bundles were wrapped with brown\n            Kraft paper and tied up with string. The bundles were\n            numbered. Whatever original order the letter boxes may have\n            had was lost by the time they arrived in the Library, and\n            after the bundling, removal to a dormitory attic, and\n            subsequent return to the Library in 1976, all vestiges of\n            the original order were lost.","The bundles remained in the dormitory attic for almost\n            twenty years. Occasional visits were made by the division\n            staff to check on their condition, and on very rare\n            occasions, a researcher was brave enough to ask to be shown\n            the collection. Once the researcher saw the imposing amount\n            of material and the conditions in the attic, interest in\n            using the collection invariably died.","In late 1976 a grant from the National Endowment for the\n            Humanities was obtained to allow the Library to process the\n            Low Moor Iron Company papers, and the papers of Edward L.\n            Stone and the Borderland Coal Company, another large\n            collection of records stored in the same dormitory attic.\n            All of these records and papers were moved back to the\n            Library where the bundles were cleaned and opened. The\n            contents of each were placed in a Hollinger storage box,\n            and all notes on the paper wrappings and on the gray\n            cardboard sheets were recorded.","The more than 1200 bound accounting records of the Low\n            Moor Iron Company were surveyed by the grant project staff.\n            The contents of each volume were noted on a mimeographed\n            form, and later typed on 3 x 5\" cards to create a\n            readily-accessible file for the Manuscripts Reading Room.\n            This information was also typed on pages to be added to\n            this guide.","The Low Moor Iron Company papers consist of\n         approximately 280 four-inch Hollinger archives boxes (ca.\n         95 linear feet) of records, ca. 1885-1927, and some 1200\n         bound volumes of the company's accounting records,\n         1873-1927, of this iron producing company located in Low\n         Moor (four miles southwest of Clifton Forge), Alleghany\n         County, Virginia.","This material consists of records typical of those\n         produced by a firm of this type in the period, but as the\n         company owned its own coal and iron mines and limestone\n         quarries, there is considerable information about the\n         production of these raw materials. Large numbers of the\n         records that deal with the company's employees have\n         survived: time books, payroll books, hands ledgers, and the\n         like. Because these books sometimes include information\n         about the employee's trade or job with the company, and as\n         race is indicated in some of the records, these books\n         should provide date for studies of the structure and upward\n         mobility within the labor force, patterns of\n         ethnic--possibly racial--occupational penetration and\n         mobility, material conditions of the workers, and so on.\n         The papers should permit a range of studies detailing the\n         pattern and evolution of industrial organization in the\n         iron industry, and the evolution of markets and marketing\n         structures for the entire period. Because the company was\n         dependent upon railroads to move its raw materials to the\n         furnaces, and for the marketing of its products, there is\n         considerable information about railroads and their\n         relationship to their customers.","See the \n             \n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["662"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927"],"collection_title_tesim":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927"],"collection_ssim":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from Green Bookman in\n            1939."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["95 linear feer + 1200\n         volumes"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eStored off-site. Users must request boxes 48 hours in advance of desired use. Neither drop-in nor next-day requests can be fulfilled. For additional information, contact Special Collections. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Stored off-site. Users must request boxes 48 hours in advance of desired use. Neither drop-in nor next-day requests can be fulfilled. For additional information, contact Special Collections. \n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe word \"organization\" is used here with considerable\n         diffidence, for any researcher studying the container list\n         that follows will realize quickly that there is no\n         organization in the usual sense of the word.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAs noted under \"Provenance,\" the Low Moor Iron Company\n         papers were subjected to a number of moves; when processing\n         began in the fall of 1976, no discernible scheme of\n         organization could be determined.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe first step was to review the series of coded numbers\n         placed on the bundles of papers before they were moved to\n         the dormitory attic, but these did not provide any sort of\n         useful organization. Next, the spine titles of the original\n         letter boxes were reviewed (they had been copied onto the\n         gray cardboard sheets before the move to the dormitory\n         attic), but they, too, proved useless.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese steps having provided no scheme, and after a\n         considerable hiatus due to a turnover in student processors\n         on the collection, the new student processors were\n         instructed to begin a box-by-box inventory of the contents\n         of the collection. During this inventory, old folders were\n         replaced with acid-free ones, and the original folder\n         headings were copied onto the new ones. Some removal of\n         paper clips was accomplished, and the materials were\n         reviewed and notes taken for the guide.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSome consolidation of materials was accomplished, and in\n         other cases, materials were moved. This work has created\n         some problems in the numbering of the boxes. Thus, the\n         researchers will find boxes marked \"6A\" and \"23C\"; he will\n         also discover that certain box numbers have been entirely\n         omitted. As the box numbers exist only to aid in the\n         location of material, it was not felt that the unusual\n         numbers and the omissions would cause problems in working\n         with the papers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA certain amount of movement of boxes within the\n         collection, and of materials among boxes, probably would\n         ease use of it. But what processing was accomplished on\n         this project took far longer than had been anticipated, and\n         there was no time in the late spring of 1978, when the\n         processors had to complete their work with the project, to\n         undertake a mass movement of material. Thus, they stand in\n         the order in which we found them at the beginning of the\n         project.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Organization"],"arrangement_tesim":["The word \"organization\" is used here with considerable\n         diffidence, for any researcher studying the container list\n         that follows will realize quickly that there is no\n         organization in the usual sense of the word.","As noted under \"Provenance,\" the Low Moor Iron Company\n         papers were subjected to a number of moves; when processing\n         began in the fall of 1976, no discernible scheme of\n         organization could be determined.","The first step was to review the series of coded numbers\n         placed on the bundles of papers before they were moved to\n         the dormitory attic, but these did not provide any sort of\n         useful organization. Next, the spine titles of the original\n         letter boxes were reviewed (they had been copied onto the\n         gray cardboard sheets before the move to the dormitory\n         attic), but they, too, proved useless.","These steps having provided no scheme, and after a\n         considerable hiatus due to a turnover in student processors\n         on the collection, the new student processors were\n         instructed to begin a box-by-box inventory of the contents\n         of the collection. During this inventory, old folders were\n         replaced with acid-free ones, and the original folder\n         headings were copied onto the new ones. Some removal of\n         paper clips was accomplished, and the materials were\n         reviewed and notes taken for the guide.","Some consolidation of materials was accomplished, and in\n         other cases, materials were moved. This work has created\n         some problems in the numbering of the boxes. Thus, the\n         researchers will find boxes marked \"6A\" and \"23C\"; he will\n         also discover that certain box numbers have been entirely\n         omitted. As the box numbers exist only to aid in the\n         location of material, it was not felt that the unusual\n         numbers and the omissions would cause problems in working\n         with the papers.","A certain amount of movement of boxes within the\n         collection, and of materials among boxes, probably would\n         ease use of it. But what processing was accomplished on\n         this project took far longer than had been anticipated, and\n         there was no time in the late spring of 1978, when the\n         processors had to complete their work with the project, to\n         undertake a mass movement of material. Thus, they stand in\n         the order in which we found them at the beginning of the\n         project."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Low Moor Iron Company, the first producer of pig\n         iron in Virginia according to the company's claims, was a\n         self-contained manufacturing unit producing from its own\n         mines the coal, limestone, and iron ore needed for its iron\n         production. Located in Low Moor near Clifton Forge in\n         Alleghany County in western Virginia, an area rich in\n         mineral deposits, the company was in operation from\n         1872-1930, producing only pig iron; it never attempted to\n         produce finished iron products.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCoal came to the Low Moor furnaces from the Kay Moor\n         Mines at Kay Moor, West Virginia, about thirty miles from\n         Low Moor; limestone was produced from the Low Moor\n         limestone quarries; and iron ore came from the Fenwick,\n         Dolly Ann, Jordan, Rich Patch, Low Moor, and Longdale\n         Mines, most of them within twenty miles of Low Moor at\n         Covington or Clifton Forge.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe towns of Low Moor and Kay Moor were company towns in\n         every respect. Workers lived in company-owned houses,\n         bought food in company stores, worshiped at the company\n         church, saw movies in the company theater, were treated in\n         the company hospital, and were buried in the company\n         cemetery. Workers received part of their pay in scrip that\n         they exchanged for goods and services. According to a\n         statement from the Kay Moor Mines dated November 1904, Kay\n         Moor then employed 338 people, paid them an average wage of\n         $36.26 per month, and issued half of their pay in scrip.\n         Kay Moor had four stores; Low Moor had seven or eight. All\n         of these stores carried large inventories which are\n         detailed in the collection. These inventories are valuable\n         to anyone interested in determining the wants and needs of\n         a coal miner and his family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the late 1910's and 1920's Kay Moor had a company\n         theater called the Azure Theater which seated about 300\n         people. There were also plans for a company-owned social\n         center, to have pool tables, a soda fountain, and\n         provisions for dancing and skating. The company was in\n         tough economic straits by the 1920's, however, and there is\n         no evidence that the social center was built. The town of\n         Low Moor was so completely under the company's influence\n         that one of Low Moor Iron Company's assistant managers\n         served as the town sheriff. He often foreclosed on people\n         who did not pay their debts, and drove troublesome people\n         \"out of town on a rail\" as he put it.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Low Moor Iron Company's fortunes fluctuated during\n         the various business cycles between the years 1880-1930.\n         Low Moor was one of the larger pig iron producers in\n         Virginia, but Virginia pig iron production was not\n         important nationally. Low Moor officials sometimes sold\n         their product themselves, but more often they used agents,\n         the prevalent method at the time. Low Moor Iron Company\n         used a variety of agents through the 1900's. James F. Bryan\n         acted as the exclusive agent for the sale of Kay Moor Coal\n         from September 21, 1903 to September, 1905. From about 1890\n         until about 1910 Dalton Nash and Company were the exclusive\n         eastern agents of Low Moor Iron. After that time the\n         exclusive agency went to Philips Isham and Company located\n         in New York. From about 1890 the western agency was handled\n         chiefly by Thomas Mack and Company. After 1902 Thomas Mack\n         and Company underwent a name change, becoming Walter\n         Wallingford and Company, with offices located in\n         Cincinnati, Pittsburgh, and Chicago.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePerhaps the Low Moor Iron Company's biggest problem over\n         the years was obtaining railroad cars for the\n         transportation of its finished product. Low Moor Iron\n         Company had its own cars for transporting its raw materials\n         among its various facilities. For the long haul necessary\n         for its finished goods, however, it depended upon the\n         services of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad, and the\n         relationship was not always a happy one. The Low Moor\n         Company complained many times to the C \u0026amp; O Railroad\n         about the discrepancies between long-and shorthaul freight\n         rates. Low Moor also had trouble getting cars from the C\n         \u0026amp; O. In a letter to one of Low Moor Company's agents\n         from an irate customer dated 1898, the customer wrote: \"We\n         wrote you on Saturday and endeavored to question upon your\n         mind the necessity of taking care of us with Low Moor iron.\n         We are on our uppers--there is not a pound of Low Moor iron\n         in the yard. Of the one hundred tons ordered some time ago,\n         not one pound of it has been received.\" This was, according\n         to the Low Moor Iron Company, because they could not get\n         the railroad cars. In a letter from Thomas Mack and Company\n         dated November 26, 1901, to General Manager E. C. Means:\n         \"We are hopeful that the car supply will get better because\n         of the number of orders you have of ours for prompt\n         shipment. Our customers are complaining that they are not\n         getting the iron fast enough. . . . We hope that the\n         railroad will be able to supply you with empty cars.\" In\n         another letter dated 1916 to John B. Guernsey, then acting\n         General Manager of the Low Moor Iron Company, \"We were not\n         supplied with coke cars for today's loading, and\n         consequently we have been practically down of Kay Moor\n         ovens all day.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe problem of procuring labor also plagued the Low Moor\n         Company. The company sometimes tried to hire immigrant\n         laborers and send the men directly to Low Moor from New\n         York City. There were problems with this, as is explained\n         in the following letter dated April 7, 1906: \n         \u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo Mr. George Wickes \n            \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSupt. of Mines \n            \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eKay Moor, Virginia \n            \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDear George, \n            \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eTony arrived with twenty one men last night. One\n            got away in Jersey two in Washington D.C., four in\n            Charlottesville. Some of the men are very good looking,\n            but taken as a whole they are the worst lot I have ever\n            seen: Irish, German-Jews, and Italians. . . . Our New\n            York transportations to this place have never been a\n            success.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSigned, \n            \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eEd D. Wickes Supt. of Mines\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003eLow Moor usually employed labor agencies, one\n         of which was Atwood's Employment Agency. Often the Low Moor\n         Company would request certain nationalities, believing them\n         to be better workers than others. Sometimes the company\n         would request a gang of twenty made up of \"ten Greeks and\n         ten Italians.\" Many of the immigrants fled Low Moor and Kay\n         Moor when they learned that they would have to work\n         underground. There is a fair amount of material on\n         immigrant labor and its procurement in the collection, and\n         it is noted in the description of the box contents.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLow Moor Iron Company not only had trouble procuring\n         labor, but it also had trouble with labor already employed\n         in the mines and at the factory. Labor dissension and\n         strikes troubled the Kay Moor Mines through the 1900's. The\n         great coal strike of 1902 hurt the Low Moor Company's coal\n         mining operation, but by 1903 things were \"nearly back to\n         normal\" according to the mine superintendent. There was\n         still trouble at Kay Moor Mines, however. In a letter dated\n         April 26, 1906, to the treasurer of Low Moor Company, the\n         manager of the mines wrote about the trouble in \"trying to\n         get the agitators out.\" The mines were seventy-five men\n         short of the total labor force needed because many of the\n         coal miners returned to their farms during the spring.\n         There were rumblings of another strike at Kay Moor, the\n         result of which was to be a fourteen percent increase in\n         wages for the Kay Moor Mine workers via an agreement with\n         the United Mine Workers Union in December.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Low Moor Iron Company grew along with the rest of\n         Virginia industry in the 1890's and 1900's. Starting with\n         only one furnace in the 1870's, it opened a second furnace\n         at Covington, Virginia, in 1891. In 1911 it opened a third\n         furnace, this time at Low Moor. Covington, with its heavy\n         industry, soon became known as the \"Pittsburgh of\n         Virginia.\" Virginia's pig iron production rose from 9,000\n         short tons in 1870 to 544,034 long tons in 1903. Judging\n         from the Low Moor Company's correspondence, the most\n         prosperous period for the company fell between the years\n         1895-1907. In the years between 1907-1917 problems befell\n         the Virginia pig iron industry. In a letter from William W.\n         Hearns, the president of the Virginia based Princess Pig\n         Iron Company, to U. S. Senator Thomas S. Martin, Hearns\n         writes of the problems of the Virginia pig iron industry:\n         \"There is not a blast furnace in Virginia that is making\n         any money from the manufacture of pig iron. The cause of\n         this is there is an exceedingly low price on pig iron in\n         the country at the present time, and the increased cost of\n         manufacturing is due to the increase in wages in all\n         lines.\" With the outbreak of World War I prices rose\n         dramatically, but in a market report to Low Moor dated\n         November 11, 1916, it was stated that: \"In spite of the\n         high prices, it is not a picnic to be in the iron industry.\n         There is a desperate shortage of cars and equipment in the\n         coal and iron districts, and in consequence there are\n         troubles of all kinds to get materials shipped. The\n         situation has grown serious.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhen America became involved in the First World War, it\n         meant a boost for the Low Moor Iron Company. The government\n         helped it procure labor, and even helped it repair its\n         furnaces. The problem of supplies and cars for their\n         shipments, however, plagued the company more than ever. It\n         had a good deal of trouble getting all the raw materials it\n         needed due chiefly to the \"tight ship\" run by Harry F.\n         Byrd, Sr., U.S. Fuel Administrator for Virginia. After the\n         war very serious problems began to trouble the Low Moor\n         Iron Company. The demand for iron fell precipitously and a\n         short but severe depression ensued from 1919-1922. The\n         depression seemed to hit the iron industry especially hard.\n         Prices took a huge drop due to the lack of demand, and many\n         pre-war contracts had to be revalued. To compound the\n         company's problems, the Kay Moor Mines went on strike in\n         1919. This strike was quickly settled, as the market for\n         coal was so good that the Low Moor Company ceased taking\n         orders temporarily in 1921 as it could not fill the orders\n         it had on hand.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Low Moor Company furnaces lay idle for some twenty\n         months. Finally, in November 1922 one of Low Moor's\n         furnaces was finally fired up. While prosperity gradually\n         returned to the rest of the country, the Low Moor Iron\n         Company never recovered. Production of pig iron in the\n         Virginia iron industry declined from 544,034 tons in 1903\n         to 148,053 tons in 1923, considered a good year for the\n         industry as a whole. In February 1926 Low Moor officials\n         talked of merging with two other iron companies in order to\n         revive the iron business for the three companies. The\n         merger, however, never occurred. By late 1926 the company\n         was in the process of liquidation. An advertisement in the\n         Charleston, West Virginia, Daily Mail dated April 30, 1927,\n         told of a huge warehouse sale at the Low Moor Iron Company.\n         The advertisement noted \"thousands of screws, pipe\n         fittings, valves, etc.\" The last piece of correspondence\n         from the Low Moor Iron Company in the collection is dated\n         1929. It deals with the sale of a machine.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhy did the iron industry in Virginia decline as it did?\n         Some say that lack of speed, efficiency, and a decent\n         transportation system for Alleghany County caused it. In a\n         letter from C. E. Bertie, secretary of the Virginia Pig\n         Iron Association, to the \n         \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eManufacturers Record\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003edated 1925, Bertie claimed that it was the\n         tremendous rise in the cost of transportation. Virginia, he\n         claimed, had almost no home market. Over 80% of its normal\n         production was shipped out to other states. The failure of\n         the Interstate Commerce Commission to treat Virginia\n         furnaces as southern furnaces was the cause of much of the\n         trouble. From 1914-1925 there were four blanket increases\n         in freight rates in the country, of which only one applied\n         equally to all localities. Southern furnaces were received\n         only two increases--a 25% increase in 1918 and a 25%\n         increase in 1920--but northern furnaces had had 5%, 15%,\n         25%, and 40% increases in their transportation costs.\n         Virginia furnaces, although recognized as southern\n         furnaces, had had freight rates increased in line with the\n         northern furnaces. Prior to the war Virginia iron reached\n         all points in Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, and Illinois on a\n         competitive basis with southern furnaces. After World War I\n         the advantage was limited to a small portion of\n         southeastern Ohio. All of Indiana, Illinois, and Michigan\n         were now lost to the Virginia producers. The Virginia\n         producer, according to Bertie, felt that the freight rates\n         should be restored to a relationship with southern\n         furnaces. If what Bertie said was true, the other southern\n         states iron industries should not have been in the same\n         desperate economic straits as Virginia's, and statistics\n         should support this. In the 1920's production rose to new\n         heights in Alabama. In Tennessee, however, iron production\n         plunged to new lows during the 1920's. While the south\n         accounted for 10.2% of the entire U. S. production in the\n         years 1919-1924, Virginia accounted for less than 1% during\n         those years. In 1915 Virginia accounted for over 6% of the\n         U.S. iron production. One can see a decline in other areas\n         of the south than Virginia. While the discrepancies in the\n         freight rates may have helped cause the decline, clearly\n         there are other reasons.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the 1900's there was a discovery of extremely\n         rich iron ore deposits in the mid-west. Much of this ore\n         was on or near the surface, making the mining of it both\n         easy and inexpensive. This in turn lowered production costs\n         of the pig iron. This caused iron production to shift to\n         that region, and resulted in a decline in the Virginia iron\n         industry. There was a sharp increase in iron production in\n         the mid-west through the 1920's. The iron ore in the\n         mid-west may have been of better quality than Virginia, but\n         the iron ore in Virginia was of sufficient quality to\n         produce a good pig iron. The western ore deposits were not\n         as conveniently located as Virginia deposits, but the\n         inexpensiveness of production more than made up for it.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn examining the rise and fall of the Low Moor Iron\n         Company, we can see a situation in which the conditions for\n         the manufacture of iron were nearly ideal. There was plenty\n         of land for expansion and resources for the manufacture of\n         the iron. The major internal problem faced by the Low Moor\n         Iron Company was that of transportation. External\n         developments, however, caused the final demise of the Low\n         Moor Iron Company.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLow Moor Iron Company Personnel:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExecutive Staff: Managing Director, Colonel H. M.\n         Goodwin: ca. 1881. General Managers: H. G. Merry: ca.\n         1884-1902; E. C. Means: ca. 1905-1915; J. P. Guernsey: ca.\n         1915 (acting General Manager); F. U. Humbert: ca.\n         1916-1929. Assistant General Manager: E. B. Wilkinson: ca.\n         1909-1915. Treasurers and Assistant Treasurers: Edward Low:\n         ca. 1886-1898; Frank Lyman (in New York): ca. 1898-1919; S.\n         G. Cragill (Asst. Treasurer): ca. 1900-1915; H. A. Dalton:\n         ca. 1921-1929; John Lipscomb (Asst. Treasurer): ca.\n         1918-1928.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFactory and Mine Supervisors: Kay Moor Superintendents:\n         C. C. Cooke: ca. 1918; Ed. D. Wickes: ca. 1906; H. L.\n         Tansell: ca. 1903; A. H. Reed: ca. 1906. Kay Moor Managers:\n         J. W. Monteith: manager of mines. ca. 1918; promoted in\n         1925 to general superintendent in charge of mine plants,\n         coke ovens, shops, repairs, and construction; A. L.\n         Monteith: assistant superintendent of mines, ca. 1918;\n         George T. Wickes: manager of Covington mines, ca.\n         1906-1917; Ross Howell, ca. 1918. Stack Mines\n         Superintendents: J. H. Carpenter: ca. 1906; C. D.\n         Oberschain: ca. 1907; J. L. Harris: ca. 1903; John S. Ham:\n         ca. 1891-1901. Rich Patch Mines Superintendents: John R.\n         Thompson: foreman, ca. 1906. Low Moor assorted other\n         personnel: S. L. Tulley: trainmaster, ca. 1906; B. J.\n         Shenkley: foreman, Low Moor limestone quarries; L. Q. Wood:\n         assistant traffic manager, ca. 1919.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Low Moor Iron Company, the first producer of pig\n         iron in Virginia according to the company's claims, was a\n         self-contained manufacturing unit producing from its own\n         mines the coal, limestone, and iron ore needed for its iron\n         production. Located in Low Moor near Clifton Forge in\n         Alleghany County in western Virginia, an area rich in\n         mineral deposits, the company was in operation from\n         1872-1930, producing only pig iron; it never attempted to\n         produce finished iron products.","Coal came to the Low Moor furnaces from the Kay Moor\n         Mines at Kay Moor, West Virginia, about thirty miles from\n         Low Moor; limestone was produced from the Low Moor\n         limestone quarries; and iron ore came from the Fenwick,\n         Dolly Ann, Jordan, Rich Patch, Low Moor, and Longdale\n         Mines, most of them within twenty miles of Low Moor at\n         Covington or Clifton Forge.","The towns of Low Moor and Kay Moor were company towns in\n         every respect. Workers lived in company-owned houses,\n         bought food in company stores, worshiped at the company\n         church, saw movies in the company theater, were treated in\n         the company hospital, and were buried in the company\n         cemetery. Workers received part of their pay in scrip that\n         they exchanged for goods and services. According to a\n         statement from the Kay Moor Mines dated November 1904, Kay\n         Moor then employed 338 people, paid them an average wage of\n         $36.26 per month, and issued half of their pay in scrip.\n         Kay Moor had four stores; Low Moor had seven or eight. All\n         of these stores carried large inventories which are\n         detailed in the collection. These inventories are valuable\n         to anyone interested in determining the wants and needs of\n         a coal miner and his family.","In the late 1910's and 1920's Kay Moor had a company\n         theater called the Azure Theater which seated about 300\n         people. There were also plans for a company-owned social\n         center, to have pool tables, a soda fountain, and\n         provisions for dancing and skating. The company was in\n         tough economic straits by the 1920's, however, and there is\n         no evidence that the social center was built. The town of\n         Low Moor was so completely under the company's influence\n         that one of Low Moor Iron Company's assistant managers\n         served as the town sheriff. He often foreclosed on people\n         who did not pay their debts, and drove troublesome people\n         \"out of town on a rail\" as he put it.","The Low Moor Iron Company's fortunes fluctuated during\n         the various business cycles between the years 1880-1930.\n         Low Moor was one of the larger pig iron producers in\n         Virginia, but Virginia pig iron production was not\n         important nationally. Low Moor officials sometimes sold\n         their product themselves, but more often they used agents,\n         the prevalent method at the time. Low Moor Iron Company\n         used a variety of agents through the 1900's. James F. Bryan\n         acted as the exclusive agent for the sale of Kay Moor Coal\n         from September 21, 1903 to September, 1905. From about 1890\n         until about 1910 Dalton Nash and Company were the exclusive\n         eastern agents of Low Moor Iron. After that time the\n         exclusive agency went to Philips Isham and Company located\n         in New York. From about 1890 the western agency was handled\n         chiefly by Thomas Mack and Company. After 1902 Thomas Mack\n         and Company underwent a name change, becoming Walter\n         Wallingford and Company, with offices located in\n         Cincinnati, Pittsburgh, and Chicago.","Perhaps the Low Moor Iron Company's biggest problem over\n         the years was obtaining railroad cars for the\n         transportation of its finished product. Low Moor Iron\n         Company had its own cars for transporting its raw materials\n         among its various facilities. For the long haul necessary\n         for its finished goods, however, it depended upon the\n         services of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad, and the\n         relationship was not always a happy one. The Low Moor\n         Company complained many times to the C \u0026 O Railroad\n         about the discrepancies between long-and shorthaul freight\n         rates. Low Moor also had trouble getting cars from the C\n         \u0026 O. In a letter to one of Low Moor Company's agents\n         from an irate customer dated 1898, the customer wrote: \"We\n         wrote you on Saturday and endeavored to question upon your\n         mind the necessity of taking care of us with Low Moor iron.\n         We are on our uppers--there is not a pound of Low Moor iron\n         in the yard. Of the one hundred tons ordered some time ago,\n         not one pound of it has been received.\" This was, according\n         to the Low Moor Iron Company, because they could not get\n         the railroad cars. In a letter from Thomas Mack and Company\n         dated November 26, 1901, to General Manager E. C. Means:\n         \"We are hopeful that the car supply will get better because\n         of the number of orders you have of ours for prompt\n         shipment. Our customers are complaining that they are not\n         getting the iron fast enough. . . . We hope that the\n         railroad will be able to supply you with empty cars.\" In\n         another letter dated 1916 to John B. Guernsey, then acting\n         General Manager of the Low Moor Iron Company, \"We were not\n         supplied with coke cars for today's loading, and\n         consequently we have been practically down of Kay Moor\n         ovens all day.\"","The problem of procuring labor also plagued the Low Moor\n         Company. The company sometimes tried to hire immigrant\n         laborers and send the men directly to Low Moor from New\n         York City. There were problems with this, as is explained\n         in the following letter dated April 7, 1906: \n          To Mr. George Wickes \n             Supt. of Mines \n             Kay Moor, Virginia \n             Dear George, \n             Tony arrived with twenty one men last night. One\n            got away in Jersey two in Washington D.C., four in\n            Charlottesville. Some of the men are very good looking,\n            but taken as a whole they are the worst lot I have ever\n            seen: Irish, German-Jews, and Italians. . . . Our New\n            York transportations to this place have never been a\n            success. Signed, \n             Ed D. Wickes Supt. of Mines Low Moor usually employed labor agencies, one\n         of which was Atwood's Employment Agency. Often the Low Moor\n         Company would request certain nationalities, believing them\n         to be better workers than others. Sometimes the company\n         would request a gang of twenty made up of \"ten Greeks and\n         ten Italians.\" Many of the immigrants fled Low Moor and Kay\n         Moor when they learned that they would have to work\n         underground. There is a fair amount of material on\n         immigrant labor and its procurement in the collection, and\n         it is noted in the description of the box contents.","Low Moor Iron Company not only had trouble procuring\n         labor, but it also had trouble with labor already employed\n         in the mines and at the factory. Labor dissension and\n         strikes troubled the Kay Moor Mines through the 1900's. The\n         great coal strike of 1902 hurt the Low Moor Company's coal\n         mining operation, but by 1903 things were \"nearly back to\n         normal\" according to the mine superintendent. There was\n         still trouble at Kay Moor Mines, however. In a letter dated\n         April 26, 1906, to the treasurer of Low Moor Company, the\n         manager of the mines wrote about the trouble in \"trying to\n         get the agitators out.\" The mines were seventy-five men\n         short of the total labor force needed because many of the\n         coal miners returned to their farms during the spring.\n         There were rumblings of another strike at Kay Moor, the\n         result of which was to be a fourteen percent increase in\n         wages for the Kay Moor Mine workers via an agreement with\n         the United Mine Workers Union in December.","The Low Moor Iron Company grew along with the rest of\n         Virginia industry in the 1890's and 1900's. Starting with\n         only one furnace in the 1870's, it opened a second furnace\n         at Covington, Virginia, in 1891. In 1911 it opened a third\n         furnace, this time at Low Moor. Covington, with its heavy\n         industry, soon became known as the \"Pittsburgh of\n         Virginia.\" Virginia's pig iron production rose from 9,000\n         short tons in 1870 to 544,034 long tons in 1903. Judging\n         from the Low Moor Company's correspondence, the most\n         prosperous period for the company fell between the years\n         1895-1907. In the years between 1907-1917 problems befell\n         the Virginia pig iron industry. In a letter from William W.\n         Hearns, the president of the Virginia based Princess Pig\n         Iron Company, to U. S. Senator Thomas S. Martin, Hearns\n         writes of the problems of the Virginia pig iron industry:\n         \"There is not a blast furnace in Virginia that is making\n         any money from the manufacture of pig iron. The cause of\n         this is there is an exceedingly low price on pig iron in\n         the country at the present time, and the increased cost of\n         manufacturing is due to the increase in wages in all\n         lines.\" With the outbreak of World War I prices rose\n         dramatically, but in a market report to Low Moor dated\n         November 11, 1916, it was stated that: \"In spite of the\n         high prices, it is not a picnic to be in the iron industry.\n         There is a desperate shortage of cars and equipment in the\n         coal and iron districts, and in consequence there are\n         troubles of all kinds to get materials shipped. The\n         situation has grown serious.\"","When America became involved in the First World War, it\n         meant a boost for the Low Moor Iron Company. The government\n         helped it procure labor, and even helped it repair its\n         furnaces. The problem of supplies and cars for their\n         shipments, however, plagued the company more than ever. It\n         had a good deal of trouble getting all the raw materials it\n         needed due chiefly to the \"tight ship\" run by Harry F.\n         Byrd, Sr., U.S. Fuel Administrator for Virginia. After the\n         war very serious problems began to trouble the Low Moor\n         Iron Company. The demand for iron fell precipitously and a\n         short but severe depression ensued from 1919-1922. The\n         depression seemed to hit the iron industry especially hard.\n         Prices took a huge drop due to the lack of demand, and many\n         pre-war contracts had to be revalued. To compound the\n         company's problems, the Kay Moor Mines went on strike in\n         1919. This strike was quickly settled, as the market for\n         coal was so good that the Low Moor Company ceased taking\n         orders temporarily in 1921 as it could not fill the orders\n         it had on hand.","The Low Moor Company furnaces lay idle for some twenty\n         months. Finally, in November 1922 one of Low Moor's\n         furnaces was finally fired up. While prosperity gradually\n         returned to the rest of the country, the Low Moor Iron\n         Company never recovered. Production of pig iron in the\n         Virginia iron industry declined from 544,034 tons in 1903\n         to 148,053 tons in 1923, considered a good year for the\n         industry as a whole. In February 1926 Low Moor officials\n         talked of merging with two other iron companies in order to\n         revive the iron business for the three companies. The\n         merger, however, never occurred. By late 1926 the company\n         was in the process of liquidation. An advertisement in the\n         Charleston, West Virginia, Daily Mail dated April 30, 1927,\n         told of a huge warehouse sale at the Low Moor Iron Company.\n         The advertisement noted \"thousands of screws, pipe\n         fittings, valves, etc.\" The last piece of correspondence\n         from the Low Moor Iron Company in the collection is dated\n         1929. It deals with the sale of a machine.","Why did the iron industry in Virginia decline as it did?\n         Some say that lack of speed, efficiency, and a decent\n         transportation system for Alleghany County caused it. In a\n         letter from C. E. Bertie, secretary of the Virginia Pig\n         Iron Association, to the \n          Manufacturers Record dated 1925, Bertie claimed that it was the\n         tremendous rise in the cost of transportation. Virginia, he\n         claimed, had almost no home market. Over 80% of its normal\n         production was shipped out to other states. The failure of\n         the Interstate Commerce Commission to treat Virginia\n         furnaces as southern furnaces was the cause of much of the\n         trouble. From 1914-1925 there were four blanket increases\n         in freight rates in the country, of which only one applied\n         equally to all localities. Southern furnaces were received\n         only two increases--a 25% increase in 1918 and a 25%\n         increase in 1920--but northern furnaces had had 5%, 15%,\n         25%, and 40% increases in their transportation costs.\n         Virginia furnaces, although recognized as southern\n         furnaces, had had freight rates increased in line with the\n         northern furnaces. Prior to the war Virginia iron reached\n         all points in Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, and Illinois on a\n         competitive basis with southern furnaces. After World War I\n         the advantage was limited to a small portion of\n         southeastern Ohio. All of Indiana, Illinois, and Michigan\n         were now lost to the Virginia producers. The Virginia\n         producer, according to Bertie, felt that the freight rates\n         should be restored to a relationship with southern\n         furnaces. If what Bertie said was true, the other southern\n         states iron industries should not have been in the same\n         desperate economic straits as Virginia's, and statistics\n         should support this. In the 1920's production rose to new\n         heights in Alabama. In Tennessee, however, iron production\n         plunged to new lows during the 1920's. While the south\n         accounted for 10.2% of the entire U. S. production in the\n         years 1919-1924, Virginia accounted for less than 1% during\n         those years. In 1915 Virginia accounted for over 6% of the\n         U.S. iron production. One can see a decline in other areas\n         of the south than Virginia. While the discrepancies in the\n         freight rates may have helped cause the decline, clearly\n         there are other reasons.","During the 1900's there was a discovery of extremely\n         rich iron ore deposits in the mid-west. Much of this ore\n         was on or near the surface, making the mining of it both\n         easy and inexpensive. This in turn lowered production costs\n         of the pig iron. This caused iron production to shift to\n         that region, and resulted in a decline in the Virginia iron\n         industry. There was a sharp increase in iron production in\n         the mid-west through the 1920's. The iron ore in the\n         mid-west may have been of better quality than Virginia, but\n         the iron ore in Virginia was of sufficient quality to\n         produce a good pig iron. The western ore deposits were not\n         as conveniently located as Virginia deposits, but the\n         inexpensiveness of production more than made up for it.","In examining the rise and fall of the Low Moor Iron\n         Company, we can see a situation in which the conditions for\n         the manufacture of iron were nearly ideal. There was plenty\n         of land for expansion and resources for the manufacture of\n         the iron. The major internal problem faced by the Low Moor\n         Iron Company was that of transportation. External\n         developments, however, caused the final demise of the Low\n         Moor Iron Company.","Low Moor Iron Company Personnel:","Executive Staff: Managing Director, Colonel H. M.\n         Goodwin: ca. 1881. General Managers: H. G. Merry: ca.\n         1884-1902; E. C. Means: ca. 1905-1915; J. P. Guernsey: ca.\n         1915 (acting General Manager); F. U. Humbert: ca.\n         1916-1929. Assistant General Manager: E. B. Wilkinson: ca.\n         1909-1915. Treasurers and Assistant Treasurers: Edward Low:\n         ca. 1886-1898; Frank Lyman (in New York): ca. 1898-1919; S.\n         G. Cragill (Asst. Treasurer): ca. 1900-1915; H. A. Dalton:\n         ca. 1921-1929; John Lipscomb (Asst. Treasurer): ca.\n         1918-1928.","Factory and Mine Supervisors: Kay Moor Superintendents:\n         C. C. Cooke: ca. 1918; Ed. D. Wickes: ca. 1906; H. L.\n         Tansell: ca. 1903; A. H. Reed: ca. 1906. Kay Moor Managers:\n         J. W. Monteith: manager of mines. ca. 1918; promoted in\n         1925 to general superintendent in charge of mine plants,\n         coke ovens, shops, repairs, and construction; A. L.\n         Monteith: assistant superintendent of mines, ca. 1918;\n         George T. Wickes: manager of Covington mines, ca.\n         1906-1917; Ross Howell, ca. 1918. Stack Mines\n         Superintendents: J. H. Carpenter: ca. 1906; C. D.\n         Oberschain: ca. 1907; J. L. Harris: ca. 1903; John S. Ham:\n         ca. 1891-1901. Rich Patch Mines Superintendents: John R.\n         Thompson: foreman, ca. 1906. Low Moor assorted other\n         personnel: S. L. Tulley: trainmaster, ca. 1906; B. J.\n         Shenkley: foreman, Low Moor limestone quarries; L. Q. Wood:\n         assistant traffic manager, ca. 1919."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Low Moor Iron Company ceased operations in 1930;\n            what happened to the records of the company in the years\n            immediately following is not known, but in 1939, the Green\n            Bookman, a Charlottesville bookshop, sold the records to\n            the University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe records arrived at the receiving room door of the\n            new Alderman Library on October 16, 1939, in a trailer\n            truck whose load was estimated to weigh about fourteen\n            tons. As the manuscripts staff dug around in the piles of\n            over 1200 account books, and countless boxes of papers they\n            realized that the company had saved almost all of its\n            papers including checks, invoices, vouchers, and receipts,\n            and certain of these records were destroyed as their\n            information was recorded in other records. Once the bulk of\n            the collection had been reduced, the remaining records were\n            transferred to the stack area of the Division of Rare Books\n            and Manuscripts.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["The Low Moor Iron Company ceased operations in 1930;\n            what happened to the records of the company in the years\n            immediately following is not known, but in 1939, the Green\n            Bookman, a Charlottesville bookshop, sold the records to\n            the University of Virginia Library.","The records arrived at the receiving room door of the\n            new Alderman Library on October 16, 1939, in a trailer\n            truck whose load was estimated to weigh about fourteen\n            tons. As the manuscripts staff dug around in the piles of\n            over 1200 account books, and countless boxes of papers they\n            realized that the company had saved almost all of its\n            papers including checks, invoices, vouchers, and receipts,\n            and certain of these records were destroyed as their\n            information was recorded in other records. Once the bulk of\n            the collection had been reduced, the remaining records were\n            transferred to the stack area of the Division of Rare Books\n            and Manuscripts."],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSome 1200 bound accounting record books of the Low Moor\n            Iron Company came into the custody of the Library with the\n            loose papers. When the project staff investigated these\n            volumes in the dormitory attic where they were stored, they\n            found that the volumes had been shelved by size rather than\n            by series. Thus, a letterbook may stand next to a stock\n            report book for a furnace, which is, in turn, next to a\n            store account book for the Kay Moor Mines' store. No series\n            are shelved in order.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMembers of the project staff surveyed the volumes,\n            completing for each volume two copies of a mimeographed\n            survey form, and assigning to each volume a number. One\n            copy of the survey report form was placed in the volume,\n            and the second was returned to the Library.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrom the survey report forms, 3 x 5 inch index\n            cards--with a carbon copy of each--were typed. One set of\n            index cards has been kept in order by the numbers assigned\n            to the volumes as they stand on the shelves. This provides\n            a shelf list for the use of the library staff. The other\n            set of cards was sorted into categories as a finding aid.\n            On the list that follows, the researcher will find a number\n            of major headings such as \"Accounts,\" \"Inventories,\"\n            \"Letter Books,\" and \"Shipments-Outgoing.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInsofar as it has been possible to determine from the\n            data on the survey report forms, the volumes have been\n            assigned to categories. Most of the major categories, or\n            headings, have sub-headings. Within those sub-headings, the\n            volumes have been arranged chronologically. The\n            investigators realize that after careful study of some of\n            these volumes, they will be revealed as belonging to other\n            categories than those in which they have initially been\n            placed. The card index will allow such movement.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAvailable in the Manuscripts/Archives Reading Room in\n            the Library is the sorted card index file. There is a card\n            for every volume in this file whereas, on the pages that\n            follow, volumes have been summarized under the headings and\n            sub-headings. In each case, the number of volumes has been\n            given in the summarized list; the date ranges given are\n            inclusive in most cases, and do not reveal the many gaps in\n            sequences unless the number of volumes is small and the\n            date range wide. Occasional remarks about the content of\n            volumes have been supplied if the contents are not obvious\n            from the heading or sub-heading.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to examine any of these volumes will\n            have to use the card index file in order to be able to give\n            to the staff the volume number assigned to the individual\n            volumes that are to be inspected.\u003c/p\u003e"],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Other Finding Aid"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["Some 1200 bound accounting record books of the Low Moor\n            Iron Company came into the custody of the Library with the\n            loose papers. When the project staff investigated these\n            volumes in the dormitory attic where they were stored, they\n            found that the volumes had been shelved by size rather than\n            by series. Thus, a letterbook may stand next to a stock\n            report book for a furnace, which is, in turn, next to a\n            store account book for the Kay Moor Mines' store. No series\n            are shelved in order.","Members of the project staff surveyed the volumes,\n            completing for each volume two copies of a mimeographed\n            survey form, and assigning to each volume a number. One\n            copy of the survey report form was placed in the volume,\n            and the second was returned to the Library.","From the survey report forms, 3 x 5 inch index\n            cards--with a carbon copy of each--were typed. One set of\n            index cards has been kept in order by the numbers assigned\n            to the volumes as they stand on the shelves. This provides\n            a shelf list for the use of the library staff. The other\n            set of cards was sorted into categories as a finding aid.\n            On the list that follows, the researcher will find a number\n            of major headings such as \"Accounts,\" \"Inventories,\"\n            \"Letter Books,\" and \"Shipments-Outgoing.\"","Insofar as it has been possible to determine from the\n            data on the survey report forms, the volumes have been\n            assigned to categories. Most of the major categories, or\n            headings, have sub-headings. Within those sub-headings, the\n            volumes have been arranged chronologically. The\n            investigators realize that after careful study of some of\n            these volumes, they will be revealed as belonging to other\n            categories than those in which they have initially been\n            placed. The card index will allow such movement.","Available in the Manuscripts/Archives Reading Room in\n            the Library is the sorted card index file. There is a card\n            for every volume in this file whereas, on the pages that\n            follow, volumes have been summarized under the headings and\n            sub-headings. In each case, the number of volumes has been\n            given in the summarized list; the date ranges given are\n            inclusive in most cases, and do not reveal the many gaps in\n            sequences unless the number of volumes is small and the\n            date range wide. Occasional remarks about the content of\n            volumes have been supplied if the contents are not obvious\n            from the heading or sub-heading.","Researchers wishing to examine any of these volumes will\n            have to use the card index file in order to be able to give\n            to the staff the volume number assigned to the individual\n            volumes that are to be inspected."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers of the Low Moor Iron Company, Accession #662,\n            Special Collections, University of Virginia Library,\n            Charlottesville, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company, Accession #662,\n            Special Collections, University of Virginia Library,\n            Charlottesville, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBy 1958, little storage space remained in Alderman\n            Library, and the Rare Books and Manuscripts Division was\n            especially crowded because of the rapid growth of its\n            collections. After an examination of its storage areas, the\n            division's staff decided to move the Low Moor records to\n            the attic of one of the student dormitories. The collection\n            had had little use chiefly because there was no finding\n            aid. There seemed little likelihood of extensive researcher\n            use until the collection could be processed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn preparation for the move, the old letter boxes in\n            which much of the collection had arrived in the Library\n            were discarded. The records from each box were placed\n            between sheets of the heavy gray cardboard used to protect\n            unbound newspapers in the Library's stacks, and the spine\n            labels of the old letter boxes were copied onto the\n            cardboard. The resulting bundles were wrapped with brown\n            Kraft paper and tied up with string. The bundles were\n            numbered. Whatever original order the letter boxes may have\n            had was lost by the time they arrived in the Library, and\n            after the bundling, removal to a dormitory attic, and\n            subsequent return to the Library in 1976, all vestiges of\n            the original order were lost.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe bundles remained in the dormitory attic for almost\n            twenty years. Occasional visits were made by the division\n            staff to check on their condition, and on very rare\n            occasions, a researcher was brave enough to ask to be shown\n            the collection. Once the researcher saw the imposing amount\n            of material and the conditions in the attic, interest in\n            using the collection invariably died.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn late 1976 a grant from the National Endowment for the\n            Humanities was obtained to allow the Library to process the\n            Low Moor Iron Company papers, and the papers of Edward L.\n            Stone and the Borderland Coal Company, another large\n            collection of records stored in the same dormitory attic.\n            All of these records and papers were moved back to the\n            Library where the bundles were cleaned and opened. The\n            contents of each were placed in a Hollinger storage box,\n            and all notes on the paper wrappings and on the gray\n            cardboard sheets were recorded.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe more than 1200 bound accounting records of the Low\n            Moor Iron Company were surveyed by the grant project staff.\n            The contents of each volume were noted on a mimeographed\n            form, and later typed on 3 x 5\" cards to create a\n            readily-accessible file for the Manuscripts Reading Room.\n            This information was also typed on pages to be added to\n            this guide.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["By 1958, little storage space remained in Alderman\n            Library, and the Rare Books and Manuscripts Division was\n            especially crowded because of the rapid growth of its\n            collections. After an examination of its storage areas, the\n            division's staff decided to move the Low Moor records to\n            the attic of one of the student dormitories. The collection\n            had had little use chiefly because there was no finding\n            aid. There seemed little likelihood of extensive researcher\n            use until the collection could be processed.","In preparation for the move, the old letter boxes in\n            which much of the collection had arrived in the Library\n            were discarded. The records from each box were placed\n            between sheets of the heavy gray cardboard used to protect\n            unbound newspapers in the Library's stacks, and the spine\n            labels of the old letter boxes were copied onto the\n            cardboard. The resulting bundles were wrapped with brown\n            Kraft paper and tied up with string. The bundles were\n            numbered. Whatever original order the letter boxes may have\n            had was lost by the time they arrived in the Library, and\n            after the bundling, removal to a dormitory attic, and\n            subsequent return to the Library in 1976, all vestiges of\n            the original order were lost.","The bundles remained in the dormitory attic for almost\n            twenty years. Occasional visits were made by the division\n            staff to check on their condition, and on very rare\n            occasions, a researcher was brave enough to ask to be shown\n            the collection. Once the researcher saw the imposing amount\n            of material and the conditions in the attic, interest in\n            using the collection invariably died.","In late 1976 a grant from the National Endowment for the\n            Humanities was obtained to allow the Library to process the\n            Low Moor Iron Company papers, and the papers of Edward L.\n            Stone and the Borderland Coal Company, another large\n            collection of records stored in the same dormitory attic.\n            All of these records and papers were moved back to the\n            Library where the bundles were cleaned and opened. The\n            contents of each were placed in a Hollinger storage box,\n            and all notes on the paper wrappings and on the gray\n            cardboard sheets were recorded.","The more than 1200 bound accounting records of the Low\n            Moor Iron Company were surveyed by the grant project staff.\n            The contents of each volume were noted on a mimeographed\n            form, and later typed on 3 x 5\" cards to create a\n            readily-accessible file for the Manuscripts Reading Room.\n            This information was also typed on pages to be added to\n            this guide."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Low Moor Iron Company papers consist of\n         approximately 280 four-inch Hollinger archives boxes (ca.\n         95 linear feet) of records, ca. 1885-1927, and some 1200\n         bound volumes of the company's accounting records,\n         1873-1927, of this iron producing company located in Low\n         Moor (four miles southwest of Clifton Forge), Alleghany\n         County, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis material consists of records typical of those\n         produced by a firm of this type in the period, but as the\n         company owned its own coal and iron mines and limestone\n         quarries, there is considerable information about the\n         production of these raw materials. Large numbers of the\n         records that deal with the company's employees have\n         survived: time books, payroll books, hands ledgers, and the\n         like. Because these books sometimes include information\n         about the employee's trade or job with the company, and as\n         race is indicated in some of the records, these books\n         should provide date for studies of the structure and upward\n         mobility within the labor force, patterns of\n         ethnic--possibly racial--occupational penetration and\n         mobility, material conditions of the workers, and so on.\n         The papers should permit a range of studies detailing the\n         pattern and evolution of industrial organization in the\n         iron industry, and the evolution of markets and marketing\n         structures for the entire period. Because the company was\n         dependent upon railroads to move its raw materials to the\n         furnaces, and for the marketing of its products, there is\n         considerable information about railroads and their\n         relationship to their customers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Low Moor Iron Company papers consist of\n         approximately 280 four-inch Hollinger archives boxes (ca.\n         95 linear feet) of records, ca. 1885-1927, and some 1200\n         bound volumes of the company's accounting records,\n         1873-1927, of this iron producing company located in Low\n         Moor (four miles southwest of Clifton Forge), Alleghany\n         County, Virginia.","This material consists of records typical of those\n         produced by a firm of this type in the period, but as the\n         company owned its own coal and iron mines and limestone\n         quarries, there is considerable information about the\n         production of these raw materials. Large numbers of the\n         records that deal with the company's employees have\n         survived: time books, payroll books, hands ledgers, and the\n         like. Because these books sometimes include information\n         about the employee's trade or job with the company, and as\n         race is indicated in some of the records, these books\n         should provide date for studies of the structure and upward\n         mobility within the labor force, patterns of\n         ethnic--possibly racial--occupational penetration and\n         mobility, material conditions of the workers, and so on.\n         The papers should permit a range of studies detailing the\n         pattern and evolution of industrial organization in the\n         iron industry, and the evolution of markets and marketing\n         structures for the entire period. Because the company was\n         dependent upon railroads to move its raw materials to the\n         furnaces, and for the marketing of its products, there is\n         considerable information about railroads and their\n         relationship to their customers."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee the \n            \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.library.virginia.edu/policies/use-of-materials\"\u003e\n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy.\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["See the \n             \n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":1879,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T12:10:02.328Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_viu00917_c01_c26_c01"}},{"id":"viu_viu00917_c01_c08_c01","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"A. Coal Mined, Hauled, and\n                     Delivered","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_viu00917_c01_c08_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_viu00917_c01_c08_c01","ref_ssm":["viu_viu00917_c01_c08_c01"],"id":"viu_viu00917_c01_c08_c01","ead_ssi":"viu_viu00917","_root_":"viu_viu00917","_nest_parent_":"viu_viu00917_c01_c08","parent_ssi":"viu_viu00917_c01_c08","parent_ssim":["viu_viu00917","viu_viu00917_c01","viu_viu00917_c01_c08"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_viu00917","viu_viu00917_c01","viu_viu00917_c01_c08"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927","Bound Volumes","Coal"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927","Bound Volumes","Coal"],"text":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927","Bound Volumes","Coal","A. Coal Mined, Hauled, and\n                     Delivered","4 volumes"],"title_filing_ssi":"A. Coal Mined, Hauled, and\n                     Delivered","title_ssm":["A. Coal Mined, Hauled, and\n                     Delivered"],"title_tesim":["A. Coal Mined, Hauled, and\n                     Delivered"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1886-1916"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1886/1916"],"normalized_title_ssm":["A. Coal Mined, Hauled, and\n                     Delivered"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927"],"physdesc_tesim":["4 volumes"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":29,"date_range_isim":[1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#7/components#0","timestamp":"2026-05-21T12:10:02.328Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_viu00917","ead_ssi":"viu_viu00917","_root_":"viu_viu00917","_nest_parent_":"viu_viu00917","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/uva-sc/viu00917.xml","title_ssm":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927"],"title_tesim":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["662"],"text":["662","Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927","95 linear feer + 1200\n         volumes","Stored off-site. Users must request boxes 48 hours in advance of desired use. Neither drop-in nor next-day requests can be fulfilled. For additional information, contact Special Collections. \n","The word \"organization\" is used here with considerable\n         diffidence, for any researcher studying the container list\n         that follows will realize quickly that there is no\n         organization in the usual sense of the word.","As noted under \"Provenance,\" the Low Moor Iron Company\n         papers were subjected to a number of moves; when processing\n         began in the fall of 1976, no discernible scheme of\n         organization could be determined.","The first step was to review the series of coded numbers\n         placed on the bundles of papers before they were moved to\n         the dormitory attic, but these did not provide any sort of\n         useful organization. Next, the spine titles of the original\n         letter boxes were reviewed (they had been copied onto the\n         gray cardboard sheets before the move to the dormitory\n         attic), but they, too, proved useless.","These steps having provided no scheme, and after a\n         considerable hiatus due to a turnover in student processors\n         on the collection, the new student processors were\n         instructed to begin a box-by-box inventory of the contents\n         of the collection. During this inventory, old folders were\n         replaced with acid-free ones, and the original folder\n         headings were copied onto the new ones. Some removal of\n         paper clips was accomplished, and the materials were\n         reviewed and notes taken for the guide.","Some consolidation of materials was accomplished, and in\n         other cases, materials were moved. This work has created\n         some problems in the numbering of the boxes. Thus, the\n         researchers will find boxes marked \"6A\" and \"23C\"; he will\n         also discover that certain box numbers have been entirely\n         omitted. As the box numbers exist only to aid in the\n         location of material, it was not felt that the unusual\n         numbers and the omissions would cause problems in working\n         with the papers.","A certain amount of movement of boxes within the\n         collection, and of materials among boxes, probably would\n         ease use of it. But what processing was accomplished on\n         this project took far longer than had been anticipated, and\n         there was no time in the late spring of 1978, when the\n         processors had to complete their work with the project, to\n         undertake a mass movement of material. Thus, they stand in\n         the order in which we found them at the beginning of the\n         project.","The Low Moor Iron Company, the first producer of pig\n         iron in Virginia according to the company's claims, was a\n         self-contained manufacturing unit producing from its own\n         mines the coal, limestone, and iron ore needed for its iron\n         production. Located in Low Moor near Clifton Forge in\n         Alleghany County in western Virginia, an area rich in\n         mineral deposits, the company was in operation from\n         1872-1930, producing only pig iron; it never attempted to\n         produce finished iron products.","Coal came to the Low Moor furnaces from the Kay Moor\n         Mines at Kay Moor, West Virginia, about thirty miles from\n         Low Moor; limestone was produced from the Low Moor\n         limestone quarries; and iron ore came from the Fenwick,\n         Dolly Ann, Jordan, Rich Patch, Low Moor, and Longdale\n         Mines, most of them within twenty miles of Low Moor at\n         Covington or Clifton Forge.","The towns of Low Moor and Kay Moor were company towns in\n         every respect. Workers lived in company-owned houses,\n         bought food in company stores, worshiped at the company\n         church, saw movies in the company theater, were treated in\n         the company hospital, and were buried in the company\n         cemetery. Workers received part of their pay in scrip that\n         they exchanged for goods and services. According to a\n         statement from the Kay Moor Mines dated November 1904, Kay\n         Moor then employed 338 people, paid them an average wage of\n         $36.26 per month, and issued half of their pay in scrip.\n         Kay Moor had four stores; Low Moor had seven or eight. All\n         of these stores carried large inventories which are\n         detailed in the collection. These inventories are valuable\n         to anyone interested in determining the wants and needs of\n         a coal miner and his family.","In the late 1910's and 1920's Kay Moor had a company\n         theater called the Azure Theater which seated about 300\n         people. There were also plans for a company-owned social\n         center, to have pool tables, a soda fountain, and\n         provisions for dancing and skating. The company was in\n         tough economic straits by the 1920's, however, and there is\n         no evidence that the social center was built. The town of\n         Low Moor was so completely under the company's influence\n         that one of Low Moor Iron Company's assistant managers\n         served as the town sheriff. He often foreclosed on people\n         who did not pay their debts, and drove troublesome people\n         \"out of town on a rail\" as he put it.","The Low Moor Iron Company's fortunes fluctuated during\n         the various business cycles between the years 1880-1930.\n         Low Moor was one of the larger pig iron producers in\n         Virginia, but Virginia pig iron production was not\n         important nationally. Low Moor officials sometimes sold\n         their product themselves, but more often they used agents,\n         the prevalent method at the time. Low Moor Iron Company\n         used a variety of agents through the 1900's. James F. Bryan\n         acted as the exclusive agent for the sale of Kay Moor Coal\n         from September 21, 1903 to September, 1905. From about 1890\n         until about 1910 Dalton Nash and Company were the exclusive\n         eastern agents of Low Moor Iron. After that time the\n         exclusive agency went to Philips Isham and Company located\n         in New York. From about 1890 the western agency was handled\n         chiefly by Thomas Mack and Company. After 1902 Thomas Mack\n         and Company underwent a name change, becoming Walter\n         Wallingford and Company, with offices located in\n         Cincinnati, Pittsburgh, and Chicago.","Perhaps the Low Moor Iron Company's biggest problem over\n         the years was obtaining railroad cars for the\n         transportation of its finished product. Low Moor Iron\n         Company had its own cars for transporting its raw materials\n         among its various facilities. For the long haul necessary\n         for its finished goods, however, it depended upon the\n         services of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad, and the\n         relationship was not always a happy one. The Low Moor\n         Company complained many times to the C \u0026 O Railroad\n         about the discrepancies between long-and shorthaul freight\n         rates. Low Moor also had trouble getting cars from the C\n         \u0026 O. In a letter to one of Low Moor Company's agents\n         from an irate customer dated 1898, the customer wrote: \"We\n         wrote you on Saturday and endeavored to question upon your\n         mind the necessity of taking care of us with Low Moor iron.\n         We are on our uppers--there is not a pound of Low Moor iron\n         in the yard. Of the one hundred tons ordered some time ago,\n         not one pound of it has been received.\" This was, according\n         to the Low Moor Iron Company, because they could not get\n         the railroad cars. In a letter from Thomas Mack and Company\n         dated November 26, 1901, to General Manager E. C. Means:\n         \"We are hopeful that the car supply will get better because\n         of the number of orders you have of ours for prompt\n         shipment. Our customers are complaining that they are not\n         getting the iron fast enough. . . . We hope that the\n         railroad will be able to supply you with empty cars.\" In\n         another letter dated 1916 to John B. Guernsey, then acting\n         General Manager of the Low Moor Iron Company, \"We were not\n         supplied with coke cars for today's loading, and\n         consequently we have been practically down of Kay Moor\n         ovens all day.\"","The problem of procuring labor also plagued the Low Moor\n         Company. The company sometimes tried to hire immigrant\n         laborers and send the men directly to Low Moor from New\n         York City. There were problems with this, as is explained\n         in the following letter dated April 7, 1906: \n          To Mr. George Wickes \n             Supt. of Mines \n             Kay Moor, Virginia \n             Dear George, \n             Tony arrived with twenty one men last night. One\n            got away in Jersey two in Washington D.C., four in\n            Charlottesville. Some of the men are very good looking,\n            but taken as a whole they are the worst lot I have ever\n            seen: Irish, German-Jews, and Italians. . . . Our New\n            York transportations to this place have never been a\n            success. Signed, \n             Ed D. Wickes Supt. of Mines Low Moor usually employed labor agencies, one\n         of which was Atwood's Employment Agency. Often the Low Moor\n         Company would request certain nationalities, believing them\n         to be better workers than others. Sometimes the company\n         would request a gang of twenty made up of \"ten Greeks and\n         ten Italians.\" Many of the immigrants fled Low Moor and Kay\n         Moor when they learned that they would have to work\n         underground. There is a fair amount of material on\n         immigrant labor and its procurement in the collection, and\n         it is noted in the description of the box contents.","Low Moor Iron Company not only had trouble procuring\n         labor, but it also had trouble with labor already employed\n         in the mines and at the factory. Labor dissension and\n         strikes troubled the Kay Moor Mines through the 1900's. The\n         great coal strike of 1902 hurt the Low Moor Company's coal\n         mining operation, but by 1903 things were \"nearly back to\n         normal\" according to the mine superintendent. There was\n         still trouble at Kay Moor Mines, however. In a letter dated\n         April 26, 1906, to the treasurer of Low Moor Company, the\n         manager of the mines wrote about the trouble in \"trying to\n         get the agitators out.\" The mines were seventy-five men\n         short of the total labor force needed because many of the\n         coal miners returned to their farms during the spring.\n         There were rumblings of another strike at Kay Moor, the\n         result of which was to be a fourteen percent increase in\n         wages for the Kay Moor Mine workers via an agreement with\n         the United Mine Workers Union in December.","The Low Moor Iron Company grew along with the rest of\n         Virginia industry in the 1890's and 1900's. Starting with\n         only one furnace in the 1870's, it opened a second furnace\n         at Covington, Virginia, in 1891. In 1911 it opened a third\n         furnace, this time at Low Moor. Covington, with its heavy\n         industry, soon became known as the \"Pittsburgh of\n         Virginia.\" Virginia's pig iron production rose from 9,000\n         short tons in 1870 to 544,034 long tons in 1903. Judging\n         from the Low Moor Company's correspondence, the most\n         prosperous period for the company fell between the years\n         1895-1907. In the years between 1907-1917 problems befell\n         the Virginia pig iron industry. In a letter from William W.\n         Hearns, the president of the Virginia based Princess Pig\n         Iron Company, to U. S. Senator Thomas S. Martin, Hearns\n         writes of the problems of the Virginia pig iron industry:\n         \"There is not a blast furnace in Virginia that is making\n         any money from the manufacture of pig iron. The cause of\n         this is there is an exceedingly low price on pig iron in\n         the country at the present time, and the increased cost of\n         manufacturing is due to the increase in wages in all\n         lines.\" With the outbreak of World War I prices rose\n         dramatically, but in a market report to Low Moor dated\n         November 11, 1916, it was stated that: \"In spite of the\n         high prices, it is not a picnic to be in the iron industry.\n         There is a desperate shortage of cars and equipment in the\n         coal and iron districts, and in consequence there are\n         troubles of all kinds to get materials shipped. The\n         situation has grown serious.\"","When America became involved in the First World War, it\n         meant a boost for the Low Moor Iron Company. The government\n         helped it procure labor, and even helped it repair its\n         furnaces. The problem of supplies and cars for their\n         shipments, however, plagued the company more than ever. It\n         had a good deal of trouble getting all the raw materials it\n         needed due chiefly to the \"tight ship\" run by Harry F.\n         Byrd, Sr., U.S. Fuel Administrator for Virginia. After the\n         war very serious problems began to trouble the Low Moor\n         Iron Company. The demand for iron fell precipitously and a\n         short but severe depression ensued from 1919-1922. The\n         depression seemed to hit the iron industry especially hard.\n         Prices took a huge drop due to the lack of demand, and many\n         pre-war contracts had to be revalued. To compound the\n         company's problems, the Kay Moor Mines went on strike in\n         1919. This strike was quickly settled, as the market for\n         coal was so good that the Low Moor Company ceased taking\n         orders temporarily in 1921 as it could not fill the orders\n         it had on hand.","The Low Moor Company furnaces lay idle for some twenty\n         months. Finally, in November 1922 one of Low Moor's\n         furnaces was finally fired up. While prosperity gradually\n         returned to the rest of the country, the Low Moor Iron\n         Company never recovered. Production of pig iron in the\n         Virginia iron industry declined from 544,034 tons in 1903\n         to 148,053 tons in 1923, considered a good year for the\n         industry as a whole. In February 1926 Low Moor officials\n         talked of merging with two other iron companies in order to\n         revive the iron business for the three companies. The\n         merger, however, never occurred. By late 1926 the company\n         was in the process of liquidation. An advertisement in the\n         Charleston, West Virginia, Daily Mail dated April 30, 1927,\n         told of a huge warehouse sale at the Low Moor Iron Company.\n         The advertisement noted \"thousands of screws, pipe\n         fittings, valves, etc.\" The last piece of correspondence\n         from the Low Moor Iron Company in the collection is dated\n         1929. It deals with the sale of a machine.","Why did the iron industry in Virginia decline as it did?\n         Some say that lack of speed, efficiency, and a decent\n         transportation system for Alleghany County caused it. In a\n         letter from C. E. Bertie, secretary of the Virginia Pig\n         Iron Association, to the \n          Manufacturers Record dated 1925, Bertie claimed that it was the\n         tremendous rise in the cost of transportation. Virginia, he\n         claimed, had almost no home market. Over 80% of its normal\n         production was shipped out to other states. The failure of\n         the Interstate Commerce Commission to treat Virginia\n         furnaces as southern furnaces was the cause of much of the\n         trouble. From 1914-1925 there were four blanket increases\n         in freight rates in the country, of which only one applied\n         equally to all localities. Southern furnaces were received\n         only two increases--a 25% increase in 1918 and a 25%\n         increase in 1920--but northern furnaces had had 5%, 15%,\n         25%, and 40% increases in their transportation costs.\n         Virginia furnaces, although recognized as southern\n         furnaces, had had freight rates increased in line with the\n         northern furnaces. Prior to the war Virginia iron reached\n         all points in Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, and Illinois on a\n         competitive basis with southern furnaces. After World War I\n         the advantage was limited to a small portion of\n         southeastern Ohio. All of Indiana, Illinois, and Michigan\n         were now lost to the Virginia producers. The Virginia\n         producer, according to Bertie, felt that the freight rates\n         should be restored to a relationship with southern\n         furnaces. If what Bertie said was true, the other southern\n         states iron industries should not have been in the same\n         desperate economic straits as Virginia's, and statistics\n         should support this. In the 1920's production rose to new\n         heights in Alabama. In Tennessee, however, iron production\n         plunged to new lows during the 1920's. While the south\n         accounted for 10.2% of the entire U. S. production in the\n         years 1919-1924, Virginia accounted for less than 1% during\n         those years. In 1915 Virginia accounted for over 6% of the\n         U.S. iron production. One can see a decline in other areas\n         of the south than Virginia. While the discrepancies in the\n         freight rates may have helped cause the decline, clearly\n         there are other reasons.","During the 1900's there was a discovery of extremely\n         rich iron ore deposits in the mid-west. Much of this ore\n         was on or near the surface, making the mining of it both\n         easy and inexpensive. This in turn lowered production costs\n         of the pig iron. This caused iron production to shift to\n         that region, and resulted in a decline in the Virginia iron\n         industry. There was a sharp increase in iron production in\n         the mid-west through the 1920's. The iron ore in the\n         mid-west may have been of better quality than Virginia, but\n         the iron ore in Virginia was of sufficient quality to\n         produce a good pig iron. The western ore deposits were not\n         as conveniently located as Virginia deposits, but the\n         inexpensiveness of production more than made up for it.","In examining the rise and fall of the Low Moor Iron\n         Company, we can see a situation in which the conditions for\n         the manufacture of iron were nearly ideal. There was plenty\n         of land for expansion and resources for the manufacture of\n         the iron. The major internal problem faced by the Low Moor\n         Iron Company was that of transportation. External\n         developments, however, caused the final demise of the Low\n         Moor Iron Company.","Low Moor Iron Company Personnel:","Executive Staff: Managing Director, Colonel H. M.\n         Goodwin: ca. 1881. General Managers: H. G. Merry: ca.\n         1884-1902; E. C. Means: ca. 1905-1915; J. P. Guernsey: ca.\n         1915 (acting General Manager); F. U. Humbert: ca.\n         1916-1929. Assistant General Manager: E. B. Wilkinson: ca.\n         1909-1915. Treasurers and Assistant Treasurers: Edward Low:\n         ca. 1886-1898; Frank Lyman (in New York): ca. 1898-1919; S.\n         G. Cragill (Asst. Treasurer): ca. 1900-1915; H. A. Dalton:\n         ca. 1921-1929; John Lipscomb (Asst. Treasurer): ca.\n         1918-1928.","Factory and Mine Supervisors: Kay Moor Superintendents:\n         C. C. Cooke: ca. 1918; Ed. D. Wickes: ca. 1906; H. L.\n         Tansell: ca. 1903; A. H. Reed: ca. 1906. Kay Moor Managers:\n         J. W. Monteith: manager of mines. ca. 1918; promoted in\n         1925 to general superintendent in charge of mine plants,\n         coke ovens, shops, repairs, and construction; A. L.\n         Monteith: assistant superintendent of mines, ca. 1918;\n         George T. Wickes: manager of Covington mines, ca.\n         1906-1917; Ross Howell, ca. 1918. Stack Mines\n         Superintendents: J. H. Carpenter: ca. 1906; C. D.\n         Oberschain: ca. 1907; J. L. Harris: ca. 1903; John S. Ham:\n         ca. 1891-1901. Rich Patch Mines Superintendents: John R.\n         Thompson: foreman, ca. 1906. Low Moor assorted other\n         personnel: S. L. Tulley: trainmaster, ca. 1906; B. J.\n         Shenkley: foreman, Low Moor limestone quarries; L. Q. Wood:\n         assistant traffic manager, ca. 1919.","The Low Moor Iron Company ceased operations in 1930;\n            what happened to the records of the company in the years\n            immediately following is not known, but in 1939, the Green\n            Bookman, a Charlottesville bookshop, sold the records to\n            the University of Virginia Library.","The records arrived at the receiving room door of the\n            new Alderman Library on October 16, 1939, in a trailer\n            truck whose load was estimated to weigh about fourteen\n            tons. As the manuscripts staff dug around in the piles of\n            over 1200 account books, and countless boxes of papers they\n            realized that the company had saved almost all of its\n            papers including checks, invoices, vouchers, and receipts,\n            and certain of these records were destroyed as their\n            information was recorded in other records. Once the bulk of\n            the collection had been reduced, the remaining records were\n            transferred to the stack area of the Division of Rare Books\n            and Manuscripts.","By 1958, little storage space remained in Alderman\n            Library, and the Rare Books and Manuscripts Division was\n            especially crowded because of the rapid growth of its\n            collections. After an examination of its storage areas, the\n            division's staff decided to move the Low Moor records to\n            the attic of one of the student dormitories. The collection\n            had had little use chiefly because there was no finding\n            aid. There seemed little likelihood of extensive researcher\n            use until the collection could be processed.","In preparation for the move, the old letter boxes in\n            which much of the collection had arrived in the Library\n            were discarded. The records from each box were placed\n            between sheets of the heavy gray cardboard used to protect\n            unbound newspapers in the Library's stacks, and the spine\n            labels of the old letter boxes were copied onto the\n            cardboard. The resulting bundles were wrapped with brown\n            Kraft paper and tied up with string. The bundles were\n            numbered. Whatever original order the letter boxes may have\n            had was lost by the time they arrived in the Library, and\n            after the bundling, removal to a dormitory attic, and\n            subsequent return to the Library in 1976, all vestiges of\n            the original order were lost.","The bundles remained in the dormitory attic for almost\n            twenty years. Occasional visits were made by the division\n            staff to check on their condition, and on very rare\n            occasions, a researcher was brave enough to ask to be shown\n            the collection. Once the researcher saw the imposing amount\n            of material and the conditions in the attic, interest in\n            using the collection invariably died.","In late 1976 a grant from the National Endowment for the\n            Humanities was obtained to allow the Library to process the\n            Low Moor Iron Company papers, and the papers of Edward L.\n            Stone and the Borderland Coal Company, another large\n            collection of records stored in the same dormitory attic.\n            All of these records and papers were moved back to the\n            Library where the bundles were cleaned and opened. The\n            contents of each were placed in a Hollinger storage box,\n            and all notes on the paper wrappings and on the gray\n            cardboard sheets were recorded.","The more than 1200 bound accounting records of the Low\n            Moor Iron Company were surveyed by the grant project staff.\n            The contents of each volume were noted on a mimeographed\n            form, and later typed on 3 x 5\" cards to create a\n            readily-accessible file for the Manuscripts Reading Room.\n            This information was also typed on pages to be added to\n            this guide.","The Low Moor Iron Company papers consist of\n         approximately 280 four-inch Hollinger archives boxes (ca.\n         95 linear feet) of records, ca. 1885-1927, and some 1200\n         bound volumes of the company's accounting records,\n         1873-1927, of this iron producing company located in Low\n         Moor (four miles southwest of Clifton Forge), Alleghany\n         County, Virginia.","This material consists of records typical of those\n         produced by a firm of this type in the period, but as the\n         company owned its own coal and iron mines and limestone\n         quarries, there is considerable information about the\n         production of these raw materials. Large numbers of the\n         records that deal with the company's employees have\n         survived: time books, payroll books, hands ledgers, and the\n         like. Because these books sometimes include information\n         about the employee's trade or job with the company, and as\n         race is indicated in some of the records, these books\n         should provide date for studies of the structure and upward\n         mobility within the labor force, patterns of\n         ethnic--possibly racial--occupational penetration and\n         mobility, material conditions of the workers, and so on.\n         The papers should permit a range of studies detailing the\n         pattern and evolution of industrial organization in the\n         iron industry, and the evolution of markets and marketing\n         structures for the entire period. Because the company was\n         dependent upon railroads to move its raw materials to the\n         furnaces, and for the marketing of its products, there is\n         considerable information about railroads and their\n         relationship to their customers.","See the \n             \n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["662"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927"],"collection_title_tesim":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927"],"collection_ssim":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from Green Bookman in\n            1939."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["95 linear feer + 1200\n         volumes"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eStored off-site. Users must request boxes 48 hours in advance of desired use. Neither drop-in nor next-day requests can be fulfilled. For additional information, contact Special Collections. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Stored off-site. Users must request boxes 48 hours in advance of desired use. Neither drop-in nor next-day requests can be fulfilled. For additional information, contact Special Collections. \n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe word \"organization\" is used here with considerable\n         diffidence, for any researcher studying the container list\n         that follows will realize quickly that there is no\n         organization in the usual sense of the word.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAs noted under \"Provenance,\" the Low Moor Iron Company\n         papers were subjected to a number of moves; when processing\n         began in the fall of 1976, no discernible scheme of\n         organization could be determined.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe first step was to review the series of coded numbers\n         placed on the bundles of papers before they were moved to\n         the dormitory attic, but these did not provide any sort of\n         useful organization. Next, the spine titles of the original\n         letter boxes were reviewed (they had been copied onto the\n         gray cardboard sheets before the move to the dormitory\n         attic), but they, too, proved useless.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese steps having provided no scheme, and after a\n         considerable hiatus due to a turnover in student processors\n         on the collection, the new student processors were\n         instructed to begin a box-by-box inventory of the contents\n         of the collection. During this inventory, old folders were\n         replaced with acid-free ones, and the original folder\n         headings were copied onto the new ones. Some removal of\n         paper clips was accomplished, and the materials were\n         reviewed and notes taken for the guide.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSome consolidation of materials was accomplished, and in\n         other cases, materials were moved. This work has created\n         some problems in the numbering of the boxes. Thus, the\n         researchers will find boxes marked \"6A\" and \"23C\"; he will\n         also discover that certain box numbers have been entirely\n         omitted. As the box numbers exist only to aid in the\n         location of material, it was not felt that the unusual\n         numbers and the omissions would cause problems in working\n         with the papers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA certain amount of movement of boxes within the\n         collection, and of materials among boxes, probably would\n         ease use of it. But what processing was accomplished on\n         this project took far longer than had been anticipated, and\n         there was no time in the late spring of 1978, when the\n         processors had to complete their work with the project, to\n         undertake a mass movement of material. Thus, they stand in\n         the order in which we found them at the beginning of the\n         project.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Organization"],"arrangement_tesim":["The word \"organization\" is used here with considerable\n         diffidence, for any researcher studying the container list\n         that follows will realize quickly that there is no\n         organization in the usual sense of the word.","As noted under \"Provenance,\" the Low Moor Iron Company\n         papers were subjected to a number of moves; when processing\n         began in the fall of 1976, no discernible scheme of\n         organization could be determined.","The first step was to review the series of coded numbers\n         placed on the bundles of papers before they were moved to\n         the dormitory attic, but these did not provide any sort of\n         useful organization. Next, the spine titles of the original\n         letter boxes were reviewed (they had been copied onto the\n         gray cardboard sheets before the move to the dormitory\n         attic), but they, too, proved useless.","These steps having provided no scheme, and after a\n         considerable hiatus due to a turnover in student processors\n         on the collection, the new student processors were\n         instructed to begin a box-by-box inventory of the contents\n         of the collection. During this inventory, old folders were\n         replaced with acid-free ones, and the original folder\n         headings were copied onto the new ones. Some removal of\n         paper clips was accomplished, and the materials were\n         reviewed and notes taken for the guide.","Some consolidation of materials was accomplished, and in\n         other cases, materials were moved. This work has created\n         some problems in the numbering of the boxes. Thus, the\n         researchers will find boxes marked \"6A\" and \"23C\"; he will\n         also discover that certain box numbers have been entirely\n         omitted. As the box numbers exist only to aid in the\n         location of material, it was not felt that the unusual\n         numbers and the omissions would cause problems in working\n         with the papers.","A certain amount of movement of boxes within the\n         collection, and of materials among boxes, probably would\n         ease use of it. But what processing was accomplished on\n         this project took far longer than had been anticipated, and\n         there was no time in the late spring of 1978, when the\n         processors had to complete their work with the project, to\n         undertake a mass movement of material. Thus, they stand in\n         the order in which we found them at the beginning of the\n         project."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Low Moor Iron Company, the first producer of pig\n         iron in Virginia according to the company's claims, was a\n         self-contained manufacturing unit producing from its own\n         mines the coal, limestone, and iron ore needed for its iron\n         production. Located in Low Moor near Clifton Forge in\n         Alleghany County in western Virginia, an area rich in\n         mineral deposits, the company was in operation from\n         1872-1930, producing only pig iron; it never attempted to\n         produce finished iron products.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCoal came to the Low Moor furnaces from the Kay Moor\n         Mines at Kay Moor, West Virginia, about thirty miles from\n         Low Moor; limestone was produced from the Low Moor\n         limestone quarries; and iron ore came from the Fenwick,\n         Dolly Ann, Jordan, Rich Patch, Low Moor, and Longdale\n         Mines, most of them within twenty miles of Low Moor at\n         Covington or Clifton Forge.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe towns of Low Moor and Kay Moor were company towns in\n         every respect. Workers lived in company-owned houses,\n         bought food in company stores, worshiped at the company\n         church, saw movies in the company theater, were treated in\n         the company hospital, and were buried in the company\n         cemetery. Workers received part of their pay in scrip that\n         they exchanged for goods and services. According to a\n         statement from the Kay Moor Mines dated November 1904, Kay\n         Moor then employed 338 people, paid them an average wage of\n         $36.26 per month, and issued half of their pay in scrip.\n         Kay Moor had four stores; Low Moor had seven or eight. All\n         of these stores carried large inventories which are\n         detailed in the collection. These inventories are valuable\n         to anyone interested in determining the wants and needs of\n         a coal miner and his family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the late 1910's and 1920's Kay Moor had a company\n         theater called the Azure Theater which seated about 300\n         people. There were also plans for a company-owned social\n         center, to have pool tables, a soda fountain, and\n         provisions for dancing and skating. The company was in\n         tough economic straits by the 1920's, however, and there is\n         no evidence that the social center was built. The town of\n         Low Moor was so completely under the company's influence\n         that one of Low Moor Iron Company's assistant managers\n         served as the town sheriff. He often foreclosed on people\n         who did not pay their debts, and drove troublesome people\n         \"out of town on a rail\" as he put it.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Low Moor Iron Company's fortunes fluctuated during\n         the various business cycles between the years 1880-1930.\n         Low Moor was one of the larger pig iron producers in\n         Virginia, but Virginia pig iron production was not\n         important nationally. Low Moor officials sometimes sold\n         their product themselves, but more often they used agents,\n         the prevalent method at the time. Low Moor Iron Company\n         used a variety of agents through the 1900's. James F. Bryan\n         acted as the exclusive agent for the sale of Kay Moor Coal\n         from September 21, 1903 to September, 1905. From about 1890\n         until about 1910 Dalton Nash and Company were the exclusive\n         eastern agents of Low Moor Iron. After that time the\n         exclusive agency went to Philips Isham and Company located\n         in New York. From about 1890 the western agency was handled\n         chiefly by Thomas Mack and Company. After 1902 Thomas Mack\n         and Company underwent a name change, becoming Walter\n         Wallingford and Company, with offices located in\n         Cincinnati, Pittsburgh, and Chicago.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePerhaps the Low Moor Iron Company's biggest problem over\n         the years was obtaining railroad cars for the\n         transportation of its finished product. Low Moor Iron\n         Company had its own cars for transporting its raw materials\n         among its various facilities. For the long haul necessary\n         for its finished goods, however, it depended upon the\n         services of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad, and the\n         relationship was not always a happy one. The Low Moor\n         Company complained many times to the C \u0026amp; O Railroad\n         about the discrepancies between long-and shorthaul freight\n         rates. Low Moor also had trouble getting cars from the C\n         \u0026amp; O. In a letter to one of Low Moor Company's agents\n         from an irate customer dated 1898, the customer wrote: \"We\n         wrote you on Saturday and endeavored to question upon your\n         mind the necessity of taking care of us with Low Moor iron.\n         We are on our uppers--there is not a pound of Low Moor iron\n         in the yard. Of the one hundred tons ordered some time ago,\n         not one pound of it has been received.\" This was, according\n         to the Low Moor Iron Company, because they could not get\n         the railroad cars. In a letter from Thomas Mack and Company\n         dated November 26, 1901, to General Manager E. C. Means:\n         \"We are hopeful that the car supply will get better because\n         of the number of orders you have of ours for prompt\n         shipment. Our customers are complaining that they are not\n         getting the iron fast enough. . . . We hope that the\n         railroad will be able to supply you with empty cars.\" In\n         another letter dated 1916 to John B. Guernsey, then acting\n         General Manager of the Low Moor Iron Company, \"We were not\n         supplied with coke cars for today's loading, and\n         consequently we have been practically down of Kay Moor\n         ovens all day.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe problem of procuring labor also plagued the Low Moor\n         Company. The company sometimes tried to hire immigrant\n         laborers and send the men directly to Low Moor from New\n         York City. There were problems with this, as is explained\n         in the following letter dated April 7, 1906: \n         \u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo Mr. George Wickes \n            \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSupt. of Mines \n            \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eKay Moor, Virginia \n            \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDear George, \n            \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eTony arrived with twenty one men last night. One\n            got away in Jersey two in Washington D.C., four in\n            Charlottesville. Some of the men are very good looking,\n            but taken as a whole they are the worst lot I have ever\n            seen: Irish, German-Jews, and Italians. . . . Our New\n            York transportations to this place have never been a\n            success.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSigned, \n            \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eEd D. Wickes Supt. of Mines\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003eLow Moor usually employed labor agencies, one\n         of which was Atwood's Employment Agency. Often the Low Moor\n         Company would request certain nationalities, believing them\n         to be better workers than others. Sometimes the company\n         would request a gang of twenty made up of \"ten Greeks and\n         ten Italians.\" Many of the immigrants fled Low Moor and Kay\n         Moor when they learned that they would have to work\n         underground. There is a fair amount of material on\n         immigrant labor and its procurement in the collection, and\n         it is noted in the description of the box contents.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLow Moor Iron Company not only had trouble procuring\n         labor, but it also had trouble with labor already employed\n         in the mines and at the factory. Labor dissension and\n         strikes troubled the Kay Moor Mines through the 1900's. The\n         great coal strike of 1902 hurt the Low Moor Company's coal\n         mining operation, but by 1903 things were \"nearly back to\n         normal\" according to the mine superintendent. There was\n         still trouble at Kay Moor Mines, however. In a letter dated\n         April 26, 1906, to the treasurer of Low Moor Company, the\n         manager of the mines wrote about the trouble in \"trying to\n         get the agitators out.\" The mines were seventy-five men\n         short of the total labor force needed because many of the\n         coal miners returned to their farms during the spring.\n         There were rumblings of another strike at Kay Moor, the\n         result of which was to be a fourteen percent increase in\n         wages for the Kay Moor Mine workers via an agreement with\n         the United Mine Workers Union in December.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Low Moor Iron Company grew along with the rest of\n         Virginia industry in the 1890's and 1900's. Starting with\n         only one furnace in the 1870's, it opened a second furnace\n         at Covington, Virginia, in 1891. In 1911 it opened a third\n         furnace, this time at Low Moor. Covington, with its heavy\n         industry, soon became known as the \"Pittsburgh of\n         Virginia.\" Virginia's pig iron production rose from 9,000\n         short tons in 1870 to 544,034 long tons in 1903. Judging\n         from the Low Moor Company's correspondence, the most\n         prosperous period for the company fell between the years\n         1895-1907. In the years between 1907-1917 problems befell\n         the Virginia pig iron industry. In a letter from William W.\n         Hearns, the president of the Virginia based Princess Pig\n         Iron Company, to U. S. Senator Thomas S. Martin, Hearns\n         writes of the problems of the Virginia pig iron industry:\n         \"There is not a blast furnace in Virginia that is making\n         any money from the manufacture of pig iron. The cause of\n         this is there is an exceedingly low price on pig iron in\n         the country at the present time, and the increased cost of\n         manufacturing is due to the increase in wages in all\n         lines.\" With the outbreak of World War I prices rose\n         dramatically, but in a market report to Low Moor dated\n         November 11, 1916, it was stated that: \"In spite of the\n         high prices, it is not a picnic to be in the iron industry.\n         There is a desperate shortage of cars and equipment in the\n         coal and iron districts, and in consequence there are\n         troubles of all kinds to get materials shipped. The\n         situation has grown serious.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhen America became involved in the First World War, it\n         meant a boost for the Low Moor Iron Company. The government\n         helped it procure labor, and even helped it repair its\n         furnaces. The problem of supplies and cars for their\n         shipments, however, plagued the company more than ever. It\n         had a good deal of trouble getting all the raw materials it\n         needed due chiefly to the \"tight ship\" run by Harry F.\n         Byrd, Sr., U.S. Fuel Administrator for Virginia. After the\n         war very serious problems began to trouble the Low Moor\n         Iron Company. The demand for iron fell precipitously and a\n         short but severe depression ensued from 1919-1922. The\n         depression seemed to hit the iron industry especially hard.\n         Prices took a huge drop due to the lack of demand, and many\n         pre-war contracts had to be revalued. To compound the\n         company's problems, the Kay Moor Mines went on strike in\n         1919. This strike was quickly settled, as the market for\n         coal was so good that the Low Moor Company ceased taking\n         orders temporarily in 1921 as it could not fill the orders\n         it had on hand.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Low Moor Company furnaces lay idle for some twenty\n         months. Finally, in November 1922 one of Low Moor's\n         furnaces was finally fired up. While prosperity gradually\n         returned to the rest of the country, the Low Moor Iron\n         Company never recovered. Production of pig iron in the\n         Virginia iron industry declined from 544,034 tons in 1903\n         to 148,053 tons in 1923, considered a good year for the\n         industry as a whole. In February 1926 Low Moor officials\n         talked of merging with two other iron companies in order to\n         revive the iron business for the three companies. The\n         merger, however, never occurred. By late 1926 the company\n         was in the process of liquidation. An advertisement in the\n         Charleston, West Virginia, Daily Mail dated April 30, 1927,\n         told of a huge warehouse sale at the Low Moor Iron Company.\n         The advertisement noted \"thousands of screws, pipe\n         fittings, valves, etc.\" The last piece of correspondence\n         from the Low Moor Iron Company in the collection is dated\n         1929. It deals with the sale of a machine.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhy did the iron industry in Virginia decline as it did?\n         Some say that lack of speed, efficiency, and a decent\n         transportation system for Alleghany County caused it. In a\n         letter from C. E. Bertie, secretary of the Virginia Pig\n         Iron Association, to the \n         \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eManufacturers Record\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003edated 1925, Bertie claimed that it was the\n         tremendous rise in the cost of transportation. Virginia, he\n         claimed, had almost no home market. Over 80% of its normal\n         production was shipped out to other states. The failure of\n         the Interstate Commerce Commission to treat Virginia\n         furnaces as southern furnaces was the cause of much of the\n         trouble. From 1914-1925 there were four blanket increases\n         in freight rates in the country, of which only one applied\n         equally to all localities. Southern furnaces were received\n         only two increases--a 25% increase in 1918 and a 25%\n         increase in 1920--but northern furnaces had had 5%, 15%,\n         25%, and 40% increases in their transportation costs.\n         Virginia furnaces, although recognized as southern\n         furnaces, had had freight rates increased in line with the\n         northern furnaces. Prior to the war Virginia iron reached\n         all points in Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, and Illinois on a\n         competitive basis with southern furnaces. After World War I\n         the advantage was limited to a small portion of\n         southeastern Ohio. All of Indiana, Illinois, and Michigan\n         were now lost to the Virginia producers. The Virginia\n         producer, according to Bertie, felt that the freight rates\n         should be restored to a relationship with southern\n         furnaces. If what Bertie said was true, the other southern\n         states iron industries should not have been in the same\n         desperate economic straits as Virginia's, and statistics\n         should support this. In the 1920's production rose to new\n         heights in Alabama. In Tennessee, however, iron production\n         plunged to new lows during the 1920's. While the south\n         accounted for 10.2% of the entire U. S. production in the\n         years 1919-1924, Virginia accounted for less than 1% during\n         those years. In 1915 Virginia accounted for over 6% of the\n         U.S. iron production. One can see a decline in other areas\n         of the south than Virginia. While the discrepancies in the\n         freight rates may have helped cause the decline, clearly\n         there are other reasons.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the 1900's there was a discovery of extremely\n         rich iron ore deposits in the mid-west. Much of this ore\n         was on or near the surface, making the mining of it both\n         easy and inexpensive. This in turn lowered production costs\n         of the pig iron. This caused iron production to shift to\n         that region, and resulted in a decline in the Virginia iron\n         industry. There was a sharp increase in iron production in\n         the mid-west through the 1920's. The iron ore in the\n         mid-west may have been of better quality than Virginia, but\n         the iron ore in Virginia was of sufficient quality to\n         produce a good pig iron. The western ore deposits were not\n         as conveniently located as Virginia deposits, but the\n         inexpensiveness of production more than made up for it.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn examining the rise and fall of the Low Moor Iron\n         Company, we can see a situation in which the conditions for\n         the manufacture of iron were nearly ideal. There was plenty\n         of land for expansion and resources for the manufacture of\n         the iron. The major internal problem faced by the Low Moor\n         Iron Company was that of transportation. External\n         developments, however, caused the final demise of the Low\n         Moor Iron Company.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLow Moor Iron Company Personnel:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExecutive Staff: Managing Director, Colonel H. M.\n         Goodwin: ca. 1881. General Managers: H. G. Merry: ca.\n         1884-1902; E. C. Means: ca. 1905-1915; J. P. Guernsey: ca.\n         1915 (acting General Manager); F. U. Humbert: ca.\n         1916-1929. Assistant General Manager: E. B. Wilkinson: ca.\n         1909-1915. Treasurers and Assistant Treasurers: Edward Low:\n         ca. 1886-1898; Frank Lyman (in New York): ca. 1898-1919; S.\n         G. Cragill (Asst. Treasurer): ca. 1900-1915; H. A. Dalton:\n         ca. 1921-1929; John Lipscomb (Asst. Treasurer): ca.\n         1918-1928.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFactory and Mine Supervisors: Kay Moor Superintendents:\n         C. C. Cooke: ca. 1918; Ed. D. Wickes: ca. 1906; H. L.\n         Tansell: ca. 1903; A. H. Reed: ca. 1906. Kay Moor Managers:\n         J. W. Monteith: manager of mines. ca. 1918; promoted in\n         1925 to general superintendent in charge of mine plants,\n         coke ovens, shops, repairs, and construction; A. L.\n         Monteith: assistant superintendent of mines, ca. 1918;\n         George T. Wickes: manager of Covington mines, ca.\n         1906-1917; Ross Howell, ca. 1918. Stack Mines\n         Superintendents: J. H. Carpenter: ca. 1906; C. D.\n         Oberschain: ca. 1907; J. L. Harris: ca. 1903; John S. Ham:\n         ca. 1891-1901. Rich Patch Mines Superintendents: John R.\n         Thompson: foreman, ca. 1906. Low Moor assorted other\n         personnel: S. L. Tulley: trainmaster, ca. 1906; B. J.\n         Shenkley: foreman, Low Moor limestone quarries; L. Q. Wood:\n         assistant traffic manager, ca. 1919.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Low Moor Iron Company, the first producer of pig\n         iron in Virginia according to the company's claims, was a\n         self-contained manufacturing unit producing from its own\n         mines the coal, limestone, and iron ore needed for its iron\n         production. Located in Low Moor near Clifton Forge in\n         Alleghany County in western Virginia, an area rich in\n         mineral deposits, the company was in operation from\n         1872-1930, producing only pig iron; it never attempted to\n         produce finished iron products.","Coal came to the Low Moor furnaces from the Kay Moor\n         Mines at Kay Moor, West Virginia, about thirty miles from\n         Low Moor; limestone was produced from the Low Moor\n         limestone quarries; and iron ore came from the Fenwick,\n         Dolly Ann, Jordan, Rich Patch, Low Moor, and Longdale\n         Mines, most of them within twenty miles of Low Moor at\n         Covington or Clifton Forge.","The towns of Low Moor and Kay Moor were company towns in\n         every respect. Workers lived in company-owned houses,\n         bought food in company stores, worshiped at the company\n         church, saw movies in the company theater, were treated in\n         the company hospital, and were buried in the company\n         cemetery. Workers received part of their pay in scrip that\n         they exchanged for goods and services. According to a\n         statement from the Kay Moor Mines dated November 1904, Kay\n         Moor then employed 338 people, paid them an average wage of\n         $36.26 per month, and issued half of their pay in scrip.\n         Kay Moor had four stores; Low Moor had seven or eight. All\n         of these stores carried large inventories which are\n         detailed in the collection. These inventories are valuable\n         to anyone interested in determining the wants and needs of\n         a coal miner and his family.","In the late 1910's and 1920's Kay Moor had a company\n         theater called the Azure Theater which seated about 300\n         people. There were also plans for a company-owned social\n         center, to have pool tables, a soda fountain, and\n         provisions for dancing and skating. The company was in\n         tough economic straits by the 1920's, however, and there is\n         no evidence that the social center was built. The town of\n         Low Moor was so completely under the company's influence\n         that one of Low Moor Iron Company's assistant managers\n         served as the town sheriff. He often foreclosed on people\n         who did not pay their debts, and drove troublesome people\n         \"out of town on a rail\" as he put it.","The Low Moor Iron Company's fortunes fluctuated during\n         the various business cycles between the years 1880-1930.\n         Low Moor was one of the larger pig iron producers in\n         Virginia, but Virginia pig iron production was not\n         important nationally. Low Moor officials sometimes sold\n         their product themselves, but more often they used agents,\n         the prevalent method at the time. Low Moor Iron Company\n         used a variety of agents through the 1900's. James F. Bryan\n         acted as the exclusive agent for the sale of Kay Moor Coal\n         from September 21, 1903 to September, 1905. From about 1890\n         until about 1910 Dalton Nash and Company were the exclusive\n         eastern agents of Low Moor Iron. After that time the\n         exclusive agency went to Philips Isham and Company located\n         in New York. From about 1890 the western agency was handled\n         chiefly by Thomas Mack and Company. After 1902 Thomas Mack\n         and Company underwent a name change, becoming Walter\n         Wallingford and Company, with offices located in\n         Cincinnati, Pittsburgh, and Chicago.","Perhaps the Low Moor Iron Company's biggest problem over\n         the years was obtaining railroad cars for the\n         transportation of its finished product. Low Moor Iron\n         Company had its own cars for transporting its raw materials\n         among its various facilities. For the long haul necessary\n         for its finished goods, however, it depended upon the\n         services of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad, and the\n         relationship was not always a happy one. The Low Moor\n         Company complained many times to the C \u0026 O Railroad\n         about the discrepancies between long-and shorthaul freight\n         rates. Low Moor also had trouble getting cars from the C\n         \u0026 O. In a letter to one of Low Moor Company's agents\n         from an irate customer dated 1898, the customer wrote: \"We\n         wrote you on Saturday and endeavored to question upon your\n         mind the necessity of taking care of us with Low Moor iron.\n         We are on our uppers--there is not a pound of Low Moor iron\n         in the yard. Of the one hundred tons ordered some time ago,\n         not one pound of it has been received.\" This was, according\n         to the Low Moor Iron Company, because they could not get\n         the railroad cars. In a letter from Thomas Mack and Company\n         dated November 26, 1901, to General Manager E. C. Means:\n         \"We are hopeful that the car supply will get better because\n         of the number of orders you have of ours for prompt\n         shipment. Our customers are complaining that they are not\n         getting the iron fast enough. . . . We hope that the\n         railroad will be able to supply you with empty cars.\" In\n         another letter dated 1916 to John B. Guernsey, then acting\n         General Manager of the Low Moor Iron Company, \"We were not\n         supplied with coke cars for today's loading, and\n         consequently we have been practically down of Kay Moor\n         ovens all day.\"","The problem of procuring labor also plagued the Low Moor\n         Company. The company sometimes tried to hire immigrant\n         laborers and send the men directly to Low Moor from New\n         York City. There were problems with this, as is explained\n         in the following letter dated April 7, 1906: \n          To Mr. George Wickes \n             Supt. of Mines \n             Kay Moor, Virginia \n             Dear George, \n             Tony arrived with twenty one men last night. One\n            got away in Jersey two in Washington D.C., four in\n            Charlottesville. Some of the men are very good looking,\n            but taken as a whole they are the worst lot I have ever\n            seen: Irish, German-Jews, and Italians. . . . Our New\n            York transportations to this place have never been a\n            success. Signed, \n             Ed D. Wickes Supt. of Mines Low Moor usually employed labor agencies, one\n         of which was Atwood's Employment Agency. Often the Low Moor\n         Company would request certain nationalities, believing them\n         to be better workers than others. Sometimes the company\n         would request a gang of twenty made up of \"ten Greeks and\n         ten Italians.\" Many of the immigrants fled Low Moor and Kay\n         Moor when they learned that they would have to work\n         underground. There is a fair amount of material on\n         immigrant labor and its procurement in the collection, and\n         it is noted in the description of the box contents.","Low Moor Iron Company not only had trouble procuring\n         labor, but it also had trouble with labor already employed\n         in the mines and at the factory. Labor dissension and\n         strikes troubled the Kay Moor Mines through the 1900's. The\n         great coal strike of 1902 hurt the Low Moor Company's coal\n         mining operation, but by 1903 things were \"nearly back to\n         normal\" according to the mine superintendent. There was\n         still trouble at Kay Moor Mines, however. In a letter dated\n         April 26, 1906, to the treasurer of Low Moor Company, the\n         manager of the mines wrote about the trouble in \"trying to\n         get the agitators out.\" The mines were seventy-five men\n         short of the total labor force needed because many of the\n         coal miners returned to their farms during the spring.\n         There were rumblings of another strike at Kay Moor, the\n         result of which was to be a fourteen percent increase in\n         wages for the Kay Moor Mine workers via an agreement with\n         the United Mine Workers Union in December.","The Low Moor Iron Company grew along with the rest of\n         Virginia industry in the 1890's and 1900's. Starting with\n         only one furnace in the 1870's, it opened a second furnace\n         at Covington, Virginia, in 1891. In 1911 it opened a third\n         furnace, this time at Low Moor. Covington, with its heavy\n         industry, soon became known as the \"Pittsburgh of\n         Virginia.\" Virginia's pig iron production rose from 9,000\n         short tons in 1870 to 544,034 long tons in 1903. Judging\n         from the Low Moor Company's correspondence, the most\n         prosperous period for the company fell between the years\n         1895-1907. In the years between 1907-1917 problems befell\n         the Virginia pig iron industry. In a letter from William W.\n         Hearns, the president of the Virginia based Princess Pig\n         Iron Company, to U. S. Senator Thomas S. Martin, Hearns\n         writes of the problems of the Virginia pig iron industry:\n         \"There is not a blast furnace in Virginia that is making\n         any money from the manufacture of pig iron. The cause of\n         this is there is an exceedingly low price on pig iron in\n         the country at the present time, and the increased cost of\n         manufacturing is due to the increase in wages in all\n         lines.\" With the outbreak of World War I prices rose\n         dramatically, but in a market report to Low Moor dated\n         November 11, 1916, it was stated that: \"In spite of the\n         high prices, it is not a picnic to be in the iron industry.\n         There is a desperate shortage of cars and equipment in the\n         coal and iron districts, and in consequence there are\n         troubles of all kinds to get materials shipped. The\n         situation has grown serious.\"","When America became involved in the First World War, it\n         meant a boost for the Low Moor Iron Company. The government\n         helped it procure labor, and even helped it repair its\n         furnaces. The problem of supplies and cars for their\n         shipments, however, plagued the company more than ever. It\n         had a good deal of trouble getting all the raw materials it\n         needed due chiefly to the \"tight ship\" run by Harry F.\n         Byrd, Sr., U.S. Fuel Administrator for Virginia. After the\n         war very serious problems began to trouble the Low Moor\n         Iron Company. The demand for iron fell precipitously and a\n         short but severe depression ensued from 1919-1922. The\n         depression seemed to hit the iron industry especially hard.\n         Prices took a huge drop due to the lack of demand, and many\n         pre-war contracts had to be revalued. To compound the\n         company's problems, the Kay Moor Mines went on strike in\n         1919. This strike was quickly settled, as the market for\n         coal was so good that the Low Moor Company ceased taking\n         orders temporarily in 1921 as it could not fill the orders\n         it had on hand.","The Low Moor Company furnaces lay idle for some twenty\n         months. Finally, in November 1922 one of Low Moor's\n         furnaces was finally fired up. While prosperity gradually\n         returned to the rest of the country, the Low Moor Iron\n         Company never recovered. Production of pig iron in the\n         Virginia iron industry declined from 544,034 tons in 1903\n         to 148,053 tons in 1923, considered a good year for the\n         industry as a whole. In February 1926 Low Moor officials\n         talked of merging with two other iron companies in order to\n         revive the iron business for the three companies. The\n         merger, however, never occurred. By late 1926 the company\n         was in the process of liquidation. An advertisement in the\n         Charleston, West Virginia, Daily Mail dated April 30, 1927,\n         told of a huge warehouse sale at the Low Moor Iron Company.\n         The advertisement noted \"thousands of screws, pipe\n         fittings, valves, etc.\" The last piece of correspondence\n         from the Low Moor Iron Company in the collection is dated\n         1929. It deals with the sale of a machine.","Why did the iron industry in Virginia decline as it did?\n         Some say that lack of speed, efficiency, and a decent\n         transportation system for Alleghany County caused it. In a\n         letter from C. E. Bertie, secretary of the Virginia Pig\n         Iron Association, to the \n          Manufacturers Record dated 1925, Bertie claimed that it was the\n         tremendous rise in the cost of transportation. Virginia, he\n         claimed, had almost no home market. Over 80% of its normal\n         production was shipped out to other states. The failure of\n         the Interstate Commerce Commission to treat Virginia\n         furnaces as southern furnaces was the cause of much of the\n         trouble. From 1914-1925 there were four blanket increases\n         in freight rates in the country, of which only one applied\n         equally to all localities. Southern furnaces were received\n         only two increases--a 25% increase in 1918 and a 25%\n         increase in 1920--but northern furnaces had had 5%, 15%,\n         25%, and 40% increases in their transportation costs.\n         Virginia furnaces, although recognized as southern\n         furnaces, had had freight rates increased in line with the\n         northern furnaces. Prior to the war Virginia iron reached\n         all points in Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, and Illinois on a\n         competitive basis with southern furnaces. After World War I\n         the advantage was limited to a small portion of\n         southeastern Ohio. All of Indiana, Illinois, and Michigan\n         were now lost to the Virginia producers. The Virginia\n         producer, according to Bertie, felt that the freight rates\n         should be restored to a relationship with southern\n         furnaces. If what Bertie said was true, the other southern\n         states iron industries should not have been in the same\n         desperate economic straits as Virginia's, and statistics\n         should support this. In the 1920's production rose to new\n         heights in Alabama. In Tennessee, however, iron production\n         plunged to new lows during the 1920's. While the south\n         accounted for 10.2% of the entire U. S. production in the\n         years 1919-1924, Virginia accounted for less than 1% during\n         those years. In 1915 Virginia accounted for over 6% of the\n         U.S. iron production. One can see a decline in other areas\n         of the south than Virginia. While the discrepancies in the\n         freight rates may have helped cause the decline, clearly\n         there are other reasons.","During the 1900's there was a discovery of extremely\n         rich iron ore deposits in the mid-west. Much of this ore\n         was on or near the surface, making the mining of it both\n         easy and inexpensive. This in turn lowered production costs\n         of the pig iron. This caused iron production to shift to\n         that region, and resulted in a decline in the Virginia iron\n         industry. There was a sharp increase in iron production in\n         the mid-west through the 1920's. The iron ore in the\n         mid-west may have been of better quality than Virginia, but\n         the iron ore in Virginia was of sufficient quality to\n         produce a good pig iron. The western ore deposits were not\n         as conveniently located as Virginia deposits, but the\n         inexpensiveness of production more than made up for it.","In examining the rise and fall of the Low Moor Iron\n         Company, we can see a situation in which the conditions for\n         the manufacture of iron were nearly ideal. There was plenty\n         of land for expansion and resources for the manufacture of\n         the iron. The major internal problem faced by the Low Moor\n         Iron Company was that of transportation. External\n         developments, however, caused the final demise of the Low\n         Moor Iron Company.","Low Moor Iron Company Personnel:","Executive Staff: Managing Director, Colonel H. M.\n         Goodwin: ca. 1881. General Managers: H. G. Merry: ca.\n         1884-1902; E. C. Means: ca. 1905-1915; J. P. Guernsey: ca.\n         1915 (acting General Manager); F. U. Humbert: ca.\n         1916-1929. Assistant General Manager: E. B. Wilkinson: ca.\n         1909-1915. Treasurers and Assistant Treasurers: Edward Low:\n         ca. 1886-1898; Frank Lyman (in New York): ca. 1898-1919; S.\n         G. Cragill (Asst. Treasurer): ca. 1900-1915; H. A. Dalton:\n         ca. 1921-1929; John Lipscomb (Asst. Treasurer): ca.\n         1918-1928.","Factory and Mine Supervisors: Kay Moor Superintendents:\n         C. C. Cooke: ca. 1918; Ed. D. Wickes: ca. 1906; H. L.\n         Tansell: ca. 1903; A. H. Reed: ca. 1906. Kay Moor Managers:\n         J. W. Monteith: manager of mines. ca. 1918; promoted in\n         1925 to general superintendent in charge of mine plants,\n         coke ovens, shops, repairs, and construction; A. L.\n         Monteith: assistant superintendent of mines, ca. 1918;\n         George T. Wickes: manager of Covington mines, ca.\n         1906-1917; Ross Howell, ca. 1918. Stack Mines\n         Superintendents: J. H. Carpenter: ca. 1906; C. D.\n         Oberschain: ca. 1907; J. L. Harris: ca. 1903; John S. Ham:\n         ca. 1891-1901. Rich Patch Mines Superintendents: John R.\n         Thompson: foreman, ca. 1906. Low Moor assorted other\n         personnel: S. L. Tulley: trainmaster, ca. 1906; B. J.\n         Shenkley: foreman, Low Moor limestone quarries; L. Q. Wood:\n         assistant traffic manager, ca. 1919."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Low Moor Iron Company ceased operations in 1930;\n            what happened to the records of the company in the years\n            immediately following is not known, but in 1939, the Green\n            Bookman, a Charlottesville bookshop, sold the records to\n            the University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe records arrived at the receiving room door of the\n            new Alderman Library on October 16, 1939, in a trailer\n            truck whose load was estimated to weigh about fourteen\n            tons. As the manuscripts staff dug around in the piles of\n            over 1200 account books, and countless boxes of papers they\n            realized that the company had saved almost all of its\n            papers including checks, invoices, vouchers, and receipts,\n            and certain of these records were destroyed as their\n            information was recorded in other records. Once the bulk of\n            the collection had been reduced, the remaining records were\n            transferred to the stack area of the Division of Rare Books\n            and Manuscripts.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["The Low Moor Iron Company ceased operations in 1930;\n            what happened to the records of the company in the years\n            immediately following is not known, but in 1939, the Green\n            Bookman, a Charlottesville bookshop, sold the records to\n            the University of Virginia Library.","The records arrived at the receiving room door of the\n            new Alderman Library on October 16, 1939, in a trailer\n            truck whose load was estimated to weigh about fourteen\n            tons. As the manuscripts staff dug around in the piles of\n            over 1200 account books, and countless boxes of papers they\n            realized that the company had saved almost all of its\n            papers including checks, invoices, vouchers, and receipts,\n            and certain of these records were destroyed as their\n            information was recorded in other records. Once the bulk of\n            the collection had been reduced, the remaining records were\n            transferred to the stack area of the Division of Rare Books\n            and Manuscripts."],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSome 1200 bound accounting record books of the Low Moor\n            Iron Company came into the custody of the Library with the\n            loose papers. When the project staff investigated these\n            volumes in the dormitory attic where they were stored, they\n            found that the volumes had been shelved by size rather than\n            by series. Thus, a letterbook may stand next to a stock\n            report book for a furnace, which is, in turn, next to a\n            store account book for the Kay Moor Mines' store. No series\n            are shelved in order.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMembers of the project staff surveyed the volumes,\n            completing for each volume two copies of a mimeographed\n            survey form, and assigning to each volume a number. One\n            copy of the survey report form was placed in the volume,\n            and the second was returned to the Library.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrom the survey report forms, 3 x 5 inch index\n            cards--with a carbon copy of each--were typed. One set of\n            index cards has been kept in order by the numbers assigned\n            to the volumes as they stand on the shelves. This provides\n            a shelf list for the use of the library staff. The other\n            set of cards was sorted into categories as a finding aid.\n            On the list that follows, the researcher will find a number\n            of major headings such as \"Accounts,\" \"Inventories,\"\n            \"Letter Books,\" and \"Shipments-Outgoing.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInsofar as it has been possible to determine from the\n            data on the survey report forms, the volumes have been\n            assigned to categories. Most of the major categories, or\n            headings, have sub-headings. Within those sub-headings, the\n            volumes have been arranged chronologically. The\n            investigators realize that after careful study of some of\n            these volumes, they will be revealed as belonging to other\n            categories than those in which they have initially been\n            placed. The card index will allow such movement.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAvailable in the Manuscripts/Archives Reading Room in\n            the Library is the sorted card index file. There is a card\n            for every volume in this file whereas, on the pages that\n            follow, volumes have been summarized under the headings and\n            sub-headings. In each case, the number of volumes has been\n            given in the summarized list; the date ranges given are\n            inclusive in most cases, and do not reveal the many gaps in\n            sequences unless the number of volumes is small and the\n            date range wide. Occasional remarks about the content of\n            volumes have been supplied if the contents are not obvious\n            from the heading or sub-heading.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to examine any of these volumes will\n            have to use the card index file in order to be able to give\n            to the staff the volume number assigned to the individual\n            volumes that are to be inspected.\u003c/p\u003e"],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Other Finding Aid"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["Some 1200 bound accounting record books of the Low Moor\n            Iron Company came into the custody of the Library with the\n            loose papers. When the project staff investigated these\n            volumes in the dormitory attic where they were stored, they\n            found that the volumes had been shelved by size rather than\n            by series. Thus, a letterbook may stand next to a stock\n            report book for a furnace, which is, in turn, next to a\n            store account book for the Kay Moor Mines' store. No series\n            are shelved in order.","Members of the project staff surveyed the volumes,\n            completing for each volume two copies of a mimeographed\n            survey form, and assigning to each volume a number. One\n            copy of the survey report form was placed in the volume,\n            and the second was returned to the Library.","From the survey report forms, 3 x 5 inch index\n            cards--with a carbon copy of each--were typed. One set of\n            index cards has been kept in order by the numbers assigned\n            to the volumes as they stand on the shelves. This provides\n            a shelf list for the use of the library staff. The other\n            set of cards was sorted into categories as a finding aid.\n            On the list that follows, the researcher will find a number\n            of major headings such as \"Accounts,\" \"Inventories,\"\n            \"Letter Books,\" and \"Shipments-Outgoing.\"","Insofar as it has been possible to determine from the\n            data on the survey report forms, the volumes have been\n            assigned to categories. Most of the major categories, or\n            headings, have sub-headings. Within those sub-headings, the\n            volumes have been arranged chronologically. The\n            investigators realize that after careful study of some of\n            these volumes, they will be revealed as belonging to other\n            categories than those in which they have initially been\n            placed. The card index will allow such movement.","Available in the Manuscripts/Archives Reading Room in\n            the Library is the sorted card index file. There is a card\n            for every volume in this file whereas, on the pages that\n            follow, volumes have been summarized under the headings and\n            sub-headings. In each case, the number of volumes has been\n            given in the summarized list; the date ranges given are\n            inclusive in most cases, and do not reveal the many gaps in\n            sequences unless the number of volumes is small and the\n            date range wide. Occasional remarks about the content of\n            volumes have been supplied if the contents are not obvious\n            from the heading or sub-heading.","Researchers wishing to examine any of these volumes will\n            have to use the card index file in order to be able to give\n            to the staff the volume number assigned to the individual\n            volumes that are to be inspected."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers of the Low Moor Iron Company, Accession #662,\n            Special Collections, University of Virginia Library,\n            Charlottesville, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company, Accession #662,\n            Special Collections, University of Virginia Library,\n            Charlottesville, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBy 1958, little storage space remained in Alderman\n            Library, and the Rare Books and Manuscripts Division was\n            especially crowded because of the rapid growth of its\n            collections. After an examination of its storage areas, the\n            division's staff decided to move the Low Moor records to\n            the attic of one of the student dormitories. The collection\n            had had little use chiefly because there was no finding\n            aid. There seemed little likelihood of extensive researcher\n            use until the collection could be processed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn preparation for the move, the old letter boxes in\n            which much of the collection had arrived in the Library\n            were discarded. The records from each box were placed\n            between sheets of the heavy gray cardboard used to protect\n            unbound newspapers in the Library's stacks, and the spine\n            labels of the old letter boxes were copied onto the\n            cardboard. The resulting bundles were wrapped with brown\n            Kraft paper and tied up with string. The bundles were\n            numbered. Whatever original order the letter boxes may have\n            had was lost by the time they arrived in the Library, and\n            after the bundling, removal to a dormitory attic, and\n            subsequent return to the Library in 1976, all vestiges of\n            the original order were lost.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe bundles remained in the dormitory attic for almost\n            twenty years. Occasional visits were made by the division\n            staff to check on their condition, and on very rare\n            occasions, a researcher was brave enough to ask to be shown\n            the collection. Once the researcher saw the imposing amount\n            of material and the conditions in the attic, interest in\n            using the collection invariably died.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn late 1976 a grant from the National Endowment for the\n            Humanities was obtained to allow the Library to process the\n            Low Moor Iron Company papers, and the papers of Edward L.\n            Stone and the Borderland Coal Company, another large\n            collection of records stored in the same dormitory attic.\n            All of these records and papers were moved back to the\n            Library where the bundles were cleaned and opened. The\n            contents of each were placed in a Hollinger storage box,\n            and all notes on the paper wrappings and on the gray\n            cardboard sheets were recorded.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe more than 1200 bound accounting records of the Low\n            Moor Iron Company were surveyed by the grant project staff.\n            The contents of each volume were noted on a mimeographed\n            form, and later typed on 3 x 5\" cards to create a\n            readily-accessible file for the Manuscripts Reading Room.\n            This information was also typed on pages to be added to\n            this guide.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["By 1958, little storage space remained in Alderman\n            Library, and the Rare Books and Manuscripts Division was\n            especially crowded because of the rapid growth of its\n            collections. After an examination of its storage areas, the\n            division's staff decided to move the Low Moor records to\n            the attic of one of the student dormitories. The collection\n            had had little use chiefly because there was no finding\n            aid. There seemed little likelihood of extensive researcher\n            use until the collection could be processed.","In preparation for the move, the old letter boxes in\n            which much of the collection had arrived in the Library\n            were discarded. The records from each box were placed\n            between sheets of the heavy gray cardboard used to protect\n            unbound newspapers in the Library's stacks, and the spine\n            labels of the old letter boxes were copied onto the\n            cardboard. The resulting bundles were wrapped with brown\n            Kraft paper and tied up with string. The bundles were\n            numbered. Whatever original order the letter boxes may have\n            had was lost by the time they arrived in the Library, and\n            after the bundling, removal to a dormitory attic, and\n            subsequent return to the Library in 1976, all vestiges of\n            the original order were lost.","The bundles remained in the dormitory attic for almost\n            twenty years. Occasional visits were made by the division\n            staff to check on their condition, and on very rare\n            occasions, a researcher was brave enough to ask to be shown\n            the collection. Once the researcher saw the imposing amount\n            of material and the conditions in the attic, interest in\n            using the collection invariably died.","In late 1976 a grant from the National Endowment for the\n            Humanities was obtained to allow the Library to process the\n            Low Moor Iron Company papers, and the papers of Edward L.\n            Stone and the Borderland Coal Company, another large\n            collection of records stored in the same dormitory attic.\n            All of these records and papers were moved back to the\n            Library where the bundles were cleaned and opened. The\n            contents of each were placed in a Hollinger storage box,\n            and all notes on the paper wrappings and on the gray\n            cardboard sheets were recorded.","The more than 1200 bound accounting records of the Low\n            Moor Iron Company were surveyed by the grant project staff.\n            The contents of each volume were noted on a mimeographed\n            form, and later typed on 3 x 5\" cards to create a\n            readily-accessible file for the Manuscripts Reading Room.\n            This information was also typed on pages to be added to\n            this guide."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Low Moor Iron Company papers consist of\n         approximately 280 four-inch Hollinger archives boxes (ca.\n         95 linear feet) of records, ca. 1885-1927, and some 1200\n         bound volumes of the company's accounting records,\n         1873-1927, of this iron producing company located in Low\n         Moor (four miles southwest of Clifton Forge), Alleghany\n         County, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis material consists of records typical of those\n         produced by a firm of this type in the period, but as the\n         company owned its own coal and iron mines and limestone\n         quarries, there is considerable information about the\n         production of these raw materials. Large numbers of the\n         records that deal with the company's employees have\n         survived: time books, payroll books, hands ledgers, and the\n         like. Because these books sometimes include information\n         about the employee's trade or job with the company, and as\n         race is indicated in some of the records, these books\n         should provide date for studies of the structure and upward\n         mobility within the labor force, patterns of\n         ethnic--possibly racial--occupational penetration and\n         mobility, material conditions of the workers, and so on.\n         The papers should permit a range of studies detailing the\n         pattern and evolution of industrial organization in the\n         iron industry, and the evolution of markets and marketing\n         structures for the entire period. Because the company was\n         dependent upon railroads to move its raw materials to the\n         furnaces, and for the marketing of its products, there is\n         considerable information about railroads and their\n         relationship to their customers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Low Moor Iron Company papers consist of\n         approximately 280 four-inch Hollinger archives boxes (ca.\n         95 linear feet) of records, ca. 1885-1927, and some 1200\n         bound volumes of the company's accounting records,\n         1873-1927, of this iron producing company located in Low\n         Moor (four miles southwest of Clifton Forge), Alleghany\n         County, Virginia.","This material consists of records typical of those\n         produced by a firm of this type in the period, but as the\n         company owned its own coal and iron mines and limestone\n         quarries, there is considerable information about the\n         production of these raw materials. Large numbers of the\n         records that deal with the company's employees have\n         survived: time books, payroll books, hands ledgers, and the\n         like. Because these books sometimes include information\n         about the employee's trade or job with the company, and as\n         race is indicated in some of the records, these books\n         should provide date for studies of the structure and upward\n         mobility within the labor force, patterns of\n         ethnic--possibly racial--occupational penetration and\n         mobility, material conditions of the workers, and so on.\n         The papers should permit a range of studies detailing the\n         pattern and evolution of industrial organization in the\n         iron industry, and the evolution of markets and marketing\n         structures for the entire period. Because the company was\n         dependent upon railroads to move its raw materials to the\n         furnaces, and for the marketing of its products, there is\n         considerable information about railroads and their\n         relationship to their customers."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee the \n            \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.library.virginia.edu/policies/use-of-materials\"\u003e\n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy.\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["See the \n             \n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":1879,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T12:10:02.328Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_viu00917_c01_c08_c01"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5880_c02_c1101","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Acts of the Legislature of West Virginia","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5880_c02_c1101#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5880_c02_c1101","ref_ssm":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5880_c02_c1101"],"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5880_c02_c1101","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5880","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5880","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5880_c02","parent_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5880_c02","parent_ssim":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5880","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5880_c02"],"parent_ids_ssim":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5880","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5880_c02"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Siler Family Papers","Series 2. 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For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"date_range_isim":[1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968],"containers_ssim":["Box S2/Box 79","Folder 6"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#1100","timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:52:04.570Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5880","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5880","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5880","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5880","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_5880.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/198957","title_ssm":["Siler Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Siler Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1848-1968"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1848-1968"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 2200","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5880"],"text":["A\u0026M 2200","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5880","Siler Family Papers","Berkeley Springs (W. 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Subjects include banking, the Civil War, the Episcopal church, secession of Virginia, Virginia Loyalty Oath, women's diaries, and women's letters and papers. A notable item in the collection is the diary of Anne Doyne Wolff Strother, wife of artist and writer David Hunter Strother, documenting a trip with husband and daughter Emily to New Orleans in 1857 (S2/Box 67, folder 1a).","Series include:","Series 1. J. Hammond Siler, Jr. (ca. 1848-1968), boxes S1/Box 1-S1/Box 50 \nSeries 2. J. Hammond Siler, Sr. (ca. 1848-1968), boxes S2/Box 1-S2/Box 89 \nSeries 3. Jessie Castleman Siler (ca. 1848-1968), boxes S3/Box 1-S3/Box 2 \nSeries 4. A.C. Hammond (ca. 1848-1968), boxes S4/Box 1-S4/Box 4 \nSeries 5. Ann R. Castleman (ca. 1848-1968), boxes S5/Box 1-S5/Box 2 \nSeries 6. Photographs (ca. 1848-1968), box S6/Box 1 \nSeries 7. Wrapped Packages (ca. 1848-1968), Wrapped Packages 1-26 \nSeries 8. 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Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","American Institute of Banking","Baltimore Trust Company","Bull and Bear Club","Citizens Trust and Guaranty Company of West Virginia - Bonds.","Emerald Shillelagh Chowder and Marching Society, Inc.","Hammond and Siler General Store.","Virginia. General Assembly. 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For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchase from (in process), (in process)"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Bank of Berkeley Springs - Banks and Banking.","Banks and Banking - American Institute of Banking.","Banks and Banking - Bank of Berkeley Springs.","Banks and Banking - Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond.","Banks and Banking - Financial Public Relations Association.","Banks and Banking - First Virginia Corporation.","Banks and banking","Berkeley Glass Sand Company -- Glass Sand Industry","Berkeley Springs Water Works and Improvement Co. -- Power Industry","Bibles","Blueprints","Bonds -- Citizens Trust and Guaranty Company of West Virginia","Bowling","Poetry --  Nannie S. 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Johnson Insurance Agency.","Land - deeds and grants.","Land Plat.","Lawyers - letters and papers.","Ledgers.","Libraries - Morgan County Library.","Magazines.","Freemasons","Morgan County - Circuit Court.","Morgan County Library - Libraries.","Music - Sheet music.","Northern Virginia Power Company - Power Industry.","Pennsylvania Glass Sand Corporation - Glass Sand Industry.","Poetry --  Nannie S. Castleman","Political factions - Civil War.","Politics - Secession of Virginia.","Politics and government.","Railroads - Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.","Railroads - Western Maryland Railroad Company.","Rhodes scholarships","Rock Gap Coal and Mining Company - Stocks.","Scrapbooks","Secession of Virginia - Politics.","Business correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["66.6 Linear Feet Summary: 66 ft. 7 in. (149 document cases, 5 in. each); (1 document case, 2 1/2 in.); (1 small flat storage box, 3 1/2 in.); (2 oversize folders, 2 in.); (25 wrapped packages, 3 ft. 8 in.)"],"extent_tesim":["66.6 Linear Feet Summary: 66 ft. 7 in. 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The papers concern a broad range of political, social, financial, and legal topics, particularly focusing on J. Hammond Siler, Jr., his parents, J. Hammond Siler, Sr. and Jessie Castleman Siler (residents of the Town of Bath better known as Berkeley Springs). Also includes correspondence and other papers from related families. Subjects include banking, the Civil War, the Episcopal church, secession of Virginia, Virginia Loyalty Oath, women's diaries, and women's letters and papers. A notable item in the collection is the diary of Anne Doyne Wolff Strother, wife of artist and writer David Hunter Strother, documenting a trip with husband and daughter Emily to New Orleans in 1857 (S2/Box 67, folder 1a).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries include:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1. J. Hammond Siler, Jr. (ca. 1848-1968), boxes S1/Box 1-S1/Box 50\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 2. J. Hammond Siler, Sr. (ca. 1848-1968), boxes S2/Box 1-S2/Box 89\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 3. Jessie Castleman Siler (ca. 1848-1968), boxes S3/Box 1-S3/Box 2\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 4. A.C. Hammond (ca. 1848-1968), boxes S4/Box 1-S4/Box 4\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 5. Ann R. Castleman (ca. 1848-1968), boxes S5/Box 1-S5/Box 2\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 6. Photographs (ca. 1848-1968), box S6/Box 1\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 7. Wrapped Packages (ca. 1848-1968), Wrapped Packages 1-26\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 8. Oversize Material (ca. 1848-1968), box S8/Box 1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes the personal and business papers and correspondence of J. Hammond Siler, Jr. and his career with the Federal Bank Reserve of Richmond, VA. Also included are records of various regional and national banking conferences and assorted printed material.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes the personal and legal correspondence and papers of J. Hammond Siler, Sr. and his career as a lawyer in West Virginia. Also included are assorted deeds, ledgers, and pamphlets on various legal and religious topics.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes the personal correspondence of Jessie Castleman Siler, wife of J. Hammond Siler, Sr. Also included is material regarding the Red Cross.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes the personal correspondence of A.C. Hammond. Also included are material regarding Hammond's finances and assorted legal papers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes the personal correspondence and financial papers of Ann R. Castleman. Also includes the correspondence of other members of the Castleman family and genealogical material for the Hammond, Castleman, and Siler families.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes assorted photographs of the Siler family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes ledgers for the Hammond \u0026amp; Siler and John T. Siler \u0026amp; Son businesses, assorted account books, and family bibles.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series consists of assorted oversize material, including blueprints, children's books, and sheet music.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This is a collection of letters and documents tracing the personal and business life of an eastern panhandle West Virginia family. The papers concern a broad range of political, social, financial, and legal topics, particularly focusing on J. Hammond Siler, Jr., his parents, J. Hammond Siler, Sr. and Jessie Castleman Siler (residents of the Town of Bath better known as Berkeley Springs). Also includes correspondence and other papers from related families. Subjects include banking, the Civil War, the Episcopal church, secession of Virginia, Virginia Loyalty Oath, women's diaries, and women's letters and papers. A notable item in the collection is the diary of Anne Doyne Wolff Strother, wife of artist and writer David Hunter Strother, documenting a trip with husband and daughter Emily to New Orleans in 1857 (S2/Box 67, folder 1a).","Series include:","Series 1. J. Hammond Siler, Jr. (ca. 1848-1968), boxes S1/Box 1-S1/Box 50 \nSeries 2. J. Hammond Siler, Sr. (ca. 1848-1968), boxes S2/Box 1-S2/Box 89 \nSeries 3. Jessie Castleman Siler (ca. 1848-1968), boxes S3/Box 1-S3/Box 2 \nSeries 4. A.C. Hammond (ca. 1848-1968), boxes S4/Box 1-S4/Box 4 \nSeries 5. Ann R. Castleman (ca. 1848-1968), boxes S5/Box 1-S5/Box 2 \nSeries 6. Photographs (ca. 1848-1968), box S6/Box 1 \nSeries 7. Wrapped Packages (ca. 1848-1968), Wrapped Packages 1-26 \nSeries 8. Oversize Material (ca. 1848-1968), box S8/Box 1","This series includes the personal and business papers and correspondence of J. Hammond Siler, Jr. and his career with the Federal Bank Reserve of Richmond, VA. Also included are records of various regional and national banking conferences and assorted printed material.","This series includes the personal and legal correspondence and papers of J. Hammond Siler, Sr. and his career as a lawyer in West Virginia. Also included are assorted deeds, ledgers, and pamphlets on various legal and religious topics.","This series includes the personal correspondence of Jessie Castleman Siler, wife of J. Hammond Siler, Sr. Also included is material regarding the Red Cross.","This series includes the personal correspondence of A.C. Hammond. Also included are material regarding Hammond's finances and assorted legal papers.","This series includes the personal correspondence and financial papers of Ann R. Castleman. Also includes the correspondence of other members of the Castleman family and genealogical material for the Hammond, Castleman, and Siler families.","This series includes assorted photographs of the Siler family.","This series includes ledgers for the Hammond \u0026 Siler and John T. Siler \u0026 Son businesses, assorted account books, and family bibles.","This series consists of assorted oversize material, including blueprints, children's books, and sheet music."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_172a403f6611d4a5931c460b0b7692df\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. 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Also included are records of various regional and national banking conferences and assorted printed material.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes the personal and legal correspondence and papers of J. Hammond Siler, Sr. and his career as a lawyer in West Virginia. Also included are assorted deeds, ledgers, and pamphlets on various legal and religious topics.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes the personal correspondence of Jessie Castleman Siler, wife of J. Hammond Siler, Sr. Also included is material regarding the Red Cross.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes the personal correspondence of A.C. Hammond. Also included are material regarding Hammond's finances and assorted legal papers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes the personal correspondence and financial papers of Ann R. Castleman. 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The papers concern a broad range of political, social, financial, and legal topics, particularly focusing on J. Hammond Siler, Jr., his parents, J. Hammond Siler, Sr. and Jessie Castleman Siler (residents of the Town of Bath better known as Berkeley Springs). Also includes correspondence and other papers from related families. Subjects include banking, the Civil War, the Episcopal church, secession of Virginia, Virginia Loyalty Oath, women's diaries, and women's letters and papers. A notable item in the collection is the diary of Anne Doyne Wolff Strother, wife of artist and writer David Hunter Strother, documenting a trip with husband and daughter Emily to New Orleans in 1857 (S2/Box 67, folder 1a).","Series include:","Series 1. J. Hammond Siler, Jr. (ca. 1848-1968), boxes S1/Box 1-S1/Box 50 \nSeries 2. J. Hammond Siler, Sr. (ca. 1848-1968), boxes S2/Box 1-S2/Box 89 \nSeries 3. Jessie Castleman Siler (ca. 1848-1968), boxes S3/Box 1-S3/Box 2 \nSeries 4. A.C. Hammond (ca. 1848-1968), boxes S4/Box 1-S4/Box 4 \nSeries 5. Ann R. Castleman (ca. 1848-1968), boxes S5/Box 1-S5/Box 2 \nSeries 6. Photographs (ca. 1848-1968), box S6/Box 1 \nSeries 7. Wrapped Packages (ca. 1848-1968), Wrapped Packages 1-26 \nSeries 8. Oversize Material (ca. 1848-1968), box S8/Box 1","This series includes the personal and business papers and correspondence of J. Hammond Siler, Jr. and his career with the Federal Bank Reserve of Richmond, VA. Also included are records of various regional and national banking conferences and assorted printed material.","This series includes the personal and legal correspondence and papers of J. Hammond Siler, Sr. and his career as a lawyer in West Virginia. Also included are assorted deeds, ledgers, and pamphlets on various legal and religious topics.","This series includes the personal correspondence of Jessie Castleman Siler, wife of J. Hammond Siler, Sr. Also included is material regarding the Red Cross.","This series includes the personal correspondence of A.C. Hammond. Also included are material regarding Hammond's finances and assorted legal papers.","This series includes the personal correspondence and financial papers of Ann R. Castleman. Also includes the correspondence of other members of the Castleman family and genealogical material for the Hammond, Castleman, and Siler families.","This series includes assorted photographs of the Siler family.","This series includes ledgers for the Hammond \u0026 Siler and John T. Siler \u0026 Son businesses, assorted account books, and family bibles.","This series consists of assorted oversize material, including blueprints, children's books, and sheet music."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_172a403f6611d4a5931c460b0b7692df\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_coll_ssim":["American Institute of Banking","Baltimore Trust Company","Bull and Bear Club","Citizens Trust and Guaranty Company of West Virginia - Bonds.","Emerald Shillelagh Chowder and Marching Society, Inc.","Hammond and Siler General Store.","Virginia. General Assembly. House of Delegates","Montgomery Ward","American Red Cross","Sears, Roebuck and Company","Steel - Hancock Steel Company.","Great Cacapon Silica Sand Company","Campbell family","Castleman family - Genealogy","Hammond family - Genealogy","Humphries family - Genealogy","Isler family - Genealogy","Shepard family - Genealogy","Seller family - Genealogy","Seiler family","Armstrong, James D.","Castleman, Ann Rebecca Isler.","Castleman, Estelle.","Castleman, Frank A.","Castleman, Sarah Jane.","Faulkner, Charles James, 1806-1884","Hammond, Allen C.","Hammond, Cadet N.","Hotee, John.","Randolph, Emily Strother.","Rinehart, E. A.","Siler, J. Hammond Jr.","Siler, J. Hammond Sr.","Siler, Jessie Castleman.","Siler, John T.","Strother, Anne Doyne.","Van Gosen, James D.","Whisner, Samuel.","Widmyer, P. S.","Hardin, Moses"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","American Institute of Banking","Baltimore Trust Company","Bull and Bear Club","Citizens Trust and Guaranty Company of West Virginia - Bonds.","Emerald Shillelagh Chowder and Marching Society, Inc.","Hammond and Siler General Store.","Virginia. General Assembly. House of Delegates","Montgomery Ward","American Red Cross","Sears, Roebuck and Company","Steel - Hancock Steel Company.","Great Cacapon Silica Sand Company","Seiler family","Campbell family","Castleman family - Genealogy","Hammond family - Genealogy","Humphries family - Genealogy","Isler family - Genealogy","Shepard family - Genealogy","Seller family - Genealogy","Armstrong, James D.","Castleman, Ann Rebecca Isler.","Castleman, Estelle.","Castleman, Frank A.","Castleman, Sarah Jane.","Faulkner, Charles James, 1806-1884","Hammond, Allen C.","Hammond, Cadet N.","Hotee, John.","Randolph, Emily Strother.","Rinehart, E. A.","Siler, J. Hammond Jr.","Siler, J. Hammond Sr.","Siler, Jessie Castleman.","Siler, John T.","Strother, Anne Doyne.","Van Gosen, James D.","Whisner, Samuel.","Widmyer, P. S.","Hardin, Moses"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","American Institute of Banking","Baltimore Trust Company","Bull and Bear Club","Citizens Trust and Guaranty Company of West Virginia - Bonds.","Emerald Shillelagh Chowder and Marching Society, Inc.","Hammond and Siler General Store.","Virginia. General Assembly. House of Delegates","Montgomery Ward","American Red Cross","Sears, Roebuck and Company","Steel - Hancock Steel Company.","Great Cacapon Silica Sand Company"],"famname_ssim":["Seiler family","Campbell family","Castleman family - Genealogy","Hammond family - Genealogy","Humphries family - Genealogy","Isler family - Genealogy","Shepard family - Genealogy","Seller family - Genealogy"],"persname_ssim":["Armstrong, James D.","Castleman, Ann Rebecca Isler.","Castleman, Estelle.","Castleman, Frank A.","Castleman, Sarah Jane.","Faulkner, Charles James, 1806-1884","Hammond, Allen C.","Hammond, Cadet N.","Hotee, John.","Randolph, Emily Strother.","Rinehart, E. A.","Siler, J. Hammond Jr.","Siler, J. Hammond Sr.","Siler, Jessie Castleman.","Siler, John T.","Strother, Anne Doyne.","Van Gosen, James D.","Whisner, Samuel.","Widmyer, P. S.","Hardin, Moses"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1463,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:52:04.570Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5880_c02_c119"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_535","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Adalbert J. Volck Collection of Etchings","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_535#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Volck, Adalbert John, 1828-1912","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_535#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Volck Collection is comprised of 29 Confederate War Etchings and three folders containing articles about the artist and his work. Also included is an original first edition of \"The Grasshopper,\" a cantata written by a Virginian, Innes Randolph, and illustrated by Volck.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_535#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_535","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_535","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_535","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_535","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_535.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.library.vcu.edu/repositories/5/resources/535","title_filing_ssi":"Volck, Adalbert J., Collection of Etchings","title_ssm":["Adalbert J. Volck Collection of Etchings"],"title_tesim":["Adalbert J. Volck Collection of Etchings"],"unitdate_ssm":["1861-1979"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1861-1979"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 149","/repositories/5/resources/535"],"text":["M 149","/repositories/5/resources/535","Adalbert J. Volck Collection of Etchings","Etching","American Civil War.","Civil War, U. S., 1861-1865","Collection is open to research.","The etchings are arranged according to their index numbers, 1 through 29. The folders in box 3 are arranged alphabetically.","Adalbert J. Volck was born on April 14, 1828 in Augsburg, Bavaria. He studied in Nürnberg and Munich, but left the due to his involvment in the Revolution of 1848. Volck came to the United States in 1849 and became caught up in the gold rush. By 1851, he had enrolled in the Baltimore College of Dental Surgery, receiving his D.D.S the following year. Volck was a charter member of the Maryland State Dental Association and a founder of the Association of Dental Surgeons. 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Volck Collection of Etchings, Collection Number M 149, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Adalbert J. Volck Collection of Etchings, Collection Number M 149, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Volck Collection is comprised of 29 Confederate War Etchings and three folders containing articles about the artist and his work. Also included is an original first edition of \"The Grasshopper,\" a cantata written by a Virginian, Innes Randolph, and illustrated by Volck.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Volck Collection is comprised of 29 Confederate War Etchings and three folders containing articles about the artist and his work. Also included is an original first edition of \"The Grasshopper,\" a cantata written by a Virginian, Innes Randolph, and illustrated by Volck."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Volck, Adalbert John, 1828-1912"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library"],"names_coll_ssim":["Volck, Adalbert John, 1828-1912"],"persname_ssim":["Volck, Adalbert John, 1828-1912"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":33,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T04:38:47.502Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_535"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_7765","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Adam Empie Papers","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_7765#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Empie, Adam, 1785-1860","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_7765#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003ePapers, 1821-1979, of and concerning Adam Empie, the president of the College of William and Mary and his family. Includes account book, 1829-1831, of Adam Empie and copy of his will as well as four letters, undated, from Sarah Moore Grimke to Anna Eliza (Wright) Empie as well as a commonplace book, undated; poems; engravings; flower illustrations, sketches and silhouettes; and prayers.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_7765#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_7765","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_7765","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_7765","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_7765","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_7765.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Empie, Adam Papers","title_ssm":["Adam Empie Papers"],"title_tesim":["Adam Empie Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1811-2004","1811-1850"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1811-1850"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1811-2004"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss. 65 Em7","/repositories/2/resources/7765"],"text":["Mss. 65 Em7","/repositories/2/resources/7765","Adam Empie Papers","College of William and Mary--History--19th century","College of William and Mary--Presidents","Episcopal Church--Virginia--Clergy--19th century","Universities and Colleges--Virginia--Faculty","Account books","Engravings (Prints)","Poems","Silhouettes","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Adam Empie was born September 5, 1785 in Schenectady, New York. He was educated at Union College in Schenectady. He served St. George's Church in Hempstead on Long Island, NY and St. James Parish, Wilmington. He was chaplain and professor at the United States Military Academy. He was president of the College of William and Mary, 1827-1836. He resigned to be rector of St. James Episcopal Church, Richmond. ","See the SCRC Wiki for more information about Adam Empie: http://scdbwiki.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Adam_Empie.","Empie was an alumnus of Union College.","Acc. 2011.707 was previously part of the University Archives Faculty-Alumni File Collection and was made part of this collection on 12/15/2011.","Mss. 2010.360 was accessioned as part of the backlog by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in June 2010. Mss. 1979.13 processed by Lisa Sparks Carpenter, American Studies Intern, in November 2010. Acc. 2011.710 accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in December 2011.","Papers, 1821-1979, of and concerning Adam Empie, the president of the College of William and Mary and his family. Includes account book, 1829-1831, of Adam Empie and copy of his will as well as four letters, undated, from Sarah Moore Grimke to Anna Eliza (Wright) Empie as well as a commonplace book, undated; poems; engravings; flower illustrations, sketches and silhouettes; and prayers.","The addition, Mss. 1979.13, includes papers of the Rev. Dr. Adam Empie's descendants, most prominently of Warren Seymour Lurty, Confederate captain, prisoner of war, and US District Attorney of western Virginia from 1877-1882.","The addition, Mss. Acc. 2010.360, contains one letter of July 20, 1847 written by former College of William and Mary President Adam Empie sending his condolences for not being able to accept an invitation.","The addition, Mss. Acc. 2011.707, contains papers of and relating to Adam Empie, twelfth president of the College of William and Mary. The bulk of the collection consists of biographical information about Adam Empie. While most of the material consists of extracts and copies from official records and correspondence, there are a few original documents, including a Baccalaureate Sermon by Empie in 1832, as well as a letter from Rector John Tyler verifying he had administered the Oath of Office to Empie in 1828.","Correspondence between President A. D. Chandler and Colonel A. E. Potts regarding a gift of items which belonged to Dr. Adam Empie, President of the College of William and Mary, 1827-36.","Richmond Times-Dispatch news clipping. Regarding St. James' Episcopal Church, Richmond, mentioning Dr. Empie's connection with that church.","Richmond Times-Dispatch news clipping. Regarding oil portrait Adam Empie given to Bruton Parish Church.","Newport News Daily Press news clipping. Biographical sketch of Adam Empie.","Typescript giving biographical details of Dr. Empie.","Note in Dr. Empie's hand to Mr. and Mrs. Woosten asking them to accept an article as a token of affection.","Williamsburg. Journal in Dr. Empie's hand containing memoranda and notes of accounts. Gives salary from William and Mary College and benefits pertaining to position. Mentions the receipt of two loans from the Bursar of the College totalling $800. Also mentions receiving a trunk of books from Mrs. Avey to be appropriated as he pleased and possibly given to Church Library. Mention also of receipt of $400 from Mr. and Mrs. Woosten.","Contemporary copy of will of Adam Empie.","Three pages of notes for religious sermons in Dr. Empie's hand.","Letter from W. M. Atkinson, Raleigh, to Rev'd. A. Empie. Acknowledgement of Dr. Empie's inability to undertake some unspecified work previously agreed upon.","Four letters from Sarah M. Grimke to Mrs. Anna Eliza Empie. Signature of two letters illegible but undoubtedly by the same hand. Personal letters. One mentions some embroidery for the Society and the dispatch of a box of Bibles and tracts. Mention in one letter of her school for Negroes.","Poems and letters addressed specifically to Mrs. Empie. Signatures include Mrs. Empie's sister Caroline, A.S. Swann, Eliza Ann Gautier, and (Mrs. Homan?). Two of the poems initialled E. G. G. and one initialled E.","Miscellaneous collection of poems all in differrent hands, only one signed-Anna Louisa Campbell.","Manuscript volume, in two unknown hands. Religious text in one half of notebook, receipes in the other half with list of household articles dated 1831 January.","Three manuscript prayers.","Miscellaneous collection of engravings apparently cut from books, most of them very badly stained.","One pencil sketch of a woman's head, signed Williamson. One silhouette of a girl's head, inscribed, cut by M. Honeywell. Still life addressed to Mis A. C. Empie from her friend I. Williamson.","One letter written by former College of William and Mary President Adam Empie sending his regrets for not being able to accept an invitation.","Biographical Information on Adam Empie.","Biographical Information on Adam Empie.","These family papers focus on the Rev. Dr. Adam Empie's descendants, including two letters to his daughter Mrs. James Sheppard and a transcript of his genealogy from his family Bible. Items are as follows. Letter from Thomas A. Graves, Jr., President of the College of William and Mary to Ralph James, Sr. regarding his donation of what are now the Adam Empie Papers. Notes from vestry meeting of 1860 November 13 on death of the Rev. Dr. Empie with a letter to his daughter Mrs. Sheppard. Newspaper clipping from the Newport News Daily Press, 1960 March 20, regarding nineteenth-century silhouettes of four presidents of the College of William and Mary (William Holland Wilmer, Adam Empie, John Augustine Smith, and John Bracken), purchased in a New York antique shop and put on display in the campus library. Transcript of the family records from the family Bible of Rev. Adam Empie made 1935 April 21. Bible owned by Major Adam Empie Potts. Letter and envelope addressed to Mrs. James Sheppard of Richmond, Virginia. Dated 1859 May 1 from \"Bro. Will\" of Waterford, Mississippi.","Warren Seymour Lurty, uncle of Adam Empie Potts, served as a captain in the Confederate army over the Virginia Horse Artillery Battery, which was involved in the Shenandoah Valley campaign. The battery was nearly annihilated and Lurty was captured at Ninevah, Virginia in 1864 and was a prisoner of war at Fort Delaware. Lurty served as a lawyer before and after the Civil War. He was US District Attorney of western Virginia from 1877-1882. ","This folder, which mainly consists of correspondence, includes Civil War military documents and letters of recommendation written for Lurty as he reentered the practice of law after the Civil War. ","The folder contains the following papers: ","Letter to Lurty from Lieutenant Halyburton on behalf of General Jubal Anderson Early expressing disapproval of Lurty's application to acquire horses and approval of Lurty's moving camp to Fishersville or Waynesboro, Virginia. 1864 October 8.  ","Letter from Hon. W. T. Willey, U. S. Senate, War Department, Washington City, 1865 January 26, requesting a prisoner exchange. ","Printed and singed copy of loyalty oath taken by Lurty upon his release from Fort Delaware, 1865 June 17. ","Letters of recommendation for Lurty as he seeks to recommence practicing law from W. P. Cooper, U.(?) M. Turner, James M. Jackson, and Gro. W. Jackson, who writes to affirm Lurty's relation to Stonewall Jackson, 1865 October. ","Two 1877 letters recommending the reappointment of Lurty as U. S. District Attorney of western Virginia: one to President Rutherford B. Hayes, 1877, the other from Senator John F. Lewis to Hon. O.(?) P. Morton. ","Letters of introduction for Lurty from William Pope Harrison to the Hon. B. H. Hill, U.S. Senate, and to Hon. Joseph E. Brown, U.S. Senate. Both letters are dated 1881 March 15. ","Letter to President Chester A. Arthur recommending the reappointment of Lurty as U. .S. District Attorney of western Virginia from the members of the bar of Carroll County, Virginia: Norman Staley(?), Commonwealth attorney, G. B. Wiley, R. M. Brown, Walter Pendleton, Garland Hale, and Walter S. Tipton(?), 1882. ","Draft of a speech commemorating the Civil War, 1885.","The envelope dated 1895 January 15 bears two inscriptions: \"the $10 note is my first fee as atty in Washington in 1892 –Seymour\" and a verse to his \"best earthly friend\".\" The accompanying note seems to be a marriage proposal and references a gift of a ring. ","Typed note to Lurty signed by William McKinley, dated 1896 April 28 on letterhead from his home in Canton, Ohio. This note was written to congratulate Lurty on his selection as \"Elector-at-large\" and thank him for his support in McKinley's presidential campaign, which was underway during 1896. ","Photocopy of military order dated 1866(?) January 12 removing any \"person having served in the Rebel Armies\" from the \"Public grounds of Fortress Monroe.\"","Empty envelope from State-Planters Bank \u0026 Trust Co. labeled \"Lurty Papers, Uncle of Adam E. Potts\". ","Certificate from the Columbian Democratic Club, certifying that Joseph S. Potts' election as delegate to the Convention of the National League of Democratic Clubs, 1888 June 14. Badge for the Richmond, Virginia Delegation of the Baltimore Convention of the Columbian Democratic Club, 1888 July 4. Seal attached to black cloth. The faded seal reads \"Richmond Public Schools.\"","Empie writes from Williamsburg, Virginia, to Rev. Doctor Eliphalet Nott, a Presbyterian minister and president of Union College in Schenectady, New York. Empie asks for a copy of Union College laws, course of studies, and textbooks, as he is interested in \"different literary seminaries.\" He also promises to call on Nott when he visits New York \"next summer.\"","Mss. Acc. 2011.707 was previously part of the University Archives Faculty-Alumni File Collection and was added to this collection on 12/15/2011.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","Empie, Adam, 1785-1860","English"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss. 65 Em7","/repositories/2/resources/7765"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Adam Empie Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Adam Empie Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Adam Empie Papers"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"creator_ssm":["Empie, Adam, 1785-1860"],"creator_ssim":["Empie, Adam, 1785-1860"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Empie, Adam, 1785-1860"],"creators_ssim":["Empie, Adam, 1785-1860"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift, 82 items, of Adam E. Potts on 02/13/1959. Gift, 3 items, of Mrs. Adam E. Potts in 12/1969. Mss. 1979.13 gift of Ralph James. Acquisition information for material received after 7/13/2009 is available by consulting a Special Collections Research Center staff member."],"access_subjects_ssim":["College of William and Mary--History--19th century","College of William and Mary--Presidents","Episcopal Church--Virginia--Clergy--19th century","Universities and Colleges--Virginia--Faculty","Account books","Engravings (Prints)","Poems","Silhouettes"],"access_subjects_ssm":["College of William and Mary--History--19th century","College of William and Mary--Presidents","Episcopal Church--Virginia--Clergy--19th century","Universities and Colleges--Virginia--Faculty","Account books","Engravings (Prints)","Poems","Silhouettes"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.00 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["1.00 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Account books","Engravings (Prints)","Poems","Silhouettes"],"date_range_isim":[1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdam Empie was born September 5, 1785 in Schenectady, New York. He was educated at Union College in Schenectady. He served St. George's Church in Hempstead on Long Island, NY and St. James Parish, Wilmington. He was chaplain and professor at the United States Military Academy. He was president of the College of William and Mary, 1827-1836. He resigned to be rector of St. James Episcopal Church, Richmond. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSee the SCRC Wiki for more information about Adam Empie: http://scdbwiki.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Adam_Empie.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEmpie was an alumnus of Union College.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information:","Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Adam Empie was born September 5, 1785 in Schenectady, New York. He was educated at Union College in Schenectady. He served St. George's Church in Hempstead on Long Island, NY and St. James Parish, Wilmington. He was chaplain and professor at the United States Military Academy. He was president of the College of William and Mary, 1827-1836. He resigned to be rector of St. James Episcopal Church, Richmond. ","See the SCRC Wiki for more information about Adam Empie: http://scdbwiki.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Adam_Empie.","Empie was an alumnus of Union College."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAcc. 2011.707 was previously part of the University Archives Faculty-Alumni File Collection and was made part of this collection on 12/15/2011.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History:"],"custodhist_tesim":["Acc. 2011.707 was previously part of the University Archives Faculty-Alumni File Collection and was made part of this collection on 12/15/2011."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdam Empie Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Adam Empie Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMss. 2010.360 was accessioned as part of the backlog by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in June 2010. Mss. 1979.13 processed by Lisa Sparks Carpenter, American Studies Intern, in November 2010. Acc. 2011.710 accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in December 2011.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information:"],"processinfo_tesim":["Mss. 2010.360 was accessioned as part of the backlog by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in June 2010. Mss. 1979.13 processed by Lisa Sparks Carpenter, American Studies Intern, in November 2010. Acc. 2011.710 accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in December 2011."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers, 1821-1979, of and concerning Adam Empie, the president of the College of William and Mary and his family. Includes account book, 1829-1831, of Adam Empie and copy of his will as well as four letters, undated, from Sarah Moore Grimke to Anna Eliza (Wright) Empie as well as a commonplace book, undated; poems; engravings; flower illustrations, sketches and silhouettes; and prayers.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe addition, Mss. 1979.13, includes papers of the Rev. Dr. Adam Empie's descendants, most prominently of Warren Seymour Lurty, Confederate captain, prisoner of war, and US District Attorney of western Virginia from 1877-1882.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe addition, Mss. Acc. 2010.360, contains one letter of July 20, 1847 written by former College of William and Mary President Adam Empie sending his condolences for not being able to accept an invitation.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe addition, Mss. Acc. 2011.707, contains papers of and relating to Adam Empie, twelfth president of the College of William and Mary. The bulk of the collection consists of biographical information about Adam Empie. While most of the material consists of extracts and copies from official records and correspondence, there are a few original documents, including a Baccalaureate Sermon by Empie in 1832, as well as a letter from Rector John Tyler verifying he had administered the Oath of Office to Empie in 1828.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence between President A. D. Chandler and Colonel A. E. Potts regarding a gift of items which belonged to Dr. Adam Empie, President of the College of William and Mary, 1827-36.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichmond Times-Dispatch news clipping. Regarding St. James' Episcopal Church, Richmond, mentioning Dr. Empie's connection with that church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichmond Times-Dispatch news clipping. Regarding oil portrait Adam Empie given to Bruton Parish Church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNewport News Daily Press news clipping. Biographical sketch of Adam Empie.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTypescript giving biographical details of Dr. Empie.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote in Dr. Empie's hand to Mr. and Mrs. Woosten asking them to accept an article as a token of affection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliamsburg. Journal in Dr. Empie's hand containing memoranda and notes of accounts. Gives salary from William and Mary College and benefits pertaining to position. Mentions the receipt of two loans from the Bursar of the College totalling $800. Also mentions receiving a trunk of books from Mrs. Avey to be appropriated as he pleased and possibly given to Church Library. Mention also of receipt of $400 from Mr. and Mrs. Woosten.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContemporary copy of will of Adam Empie.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThree pages of notes for religious sermons in Dr. Empie's hand.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter from W. M. Atkinson, Raleigh, to Rev'd. A. Empie. Acknowledgement of Dr. Empie's inability to undertake some unspecified work previously agreed upon.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFour letters from Sarah M. Grimke to Mrs. Anna Eliza Empie. Signature of two letters illegible but undoubtedly by the same hand. Personal letters. One mentions some embroidery for the Society and the dispatch of a box of Bibles and tracts. Mention in one letter of her school for Negroes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePoems and letters addressed specifically to Mrs. Empie. Signatures include Mrs. Empie's sister Caroline, A.S. Swann, Eliza Ann Gautier, and (Mrs. Homan?). Two of the poems initialled E. G. G. and one initialled E.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMiscellaneous collection of poems all in differrent hands, only one signed-Anna Louisa Campbell.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eManuscript volume, in two unknown hands. Religious text in one half of notebook, receipes in the other half with list of household articles dated 1831 January.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThree manuscript prayers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMiscellaneous collection of engravings apparently cut from books, most of them very badly stained.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOne pencil sketch of a woman's head, signed Williamson. One silhouette of a girl's head, inscribed, cut by M. Honeywell. Still life addressed to Mis A. C. Empie from her friend I. Williamson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOne letter written by former College of William and Mary President Adam Empie sending his regrets for not being able to accept an invitation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBiographical Information on Adam Empie.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBiographical Information on Adam Empie.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese family papers focus on the Rev. Dr. Adam Empie's descendants, including two letters to his daughter Mrs. James Sheppard and a transcript of his genealogy from his family Bible. Items are as follows. Letter from Thomas A. Graves, Jr., President of the College of William and Mary to Ralph James, Sr. regarding his donation of what are now the Adam Empie Papers. Notes from vestry meeting of 1860 November 13 on death of the Rev. Dr. Empie with a letter to his daughter Mrs. Sheppard. Newspaper clipping from the Newport News Daily Press, 1960 March 20, regarding nineteenth-century silhouettes of four presidents of the College of William and Mary (William Holland Wilmer, Adam Empie, John Augustine Smith, and John Bracken), purchased in a New York antique shop and put on display in the campus library. Transcript of the family records from the family Bible of Rev. Adam Empie made 1935 April 21. Bible owned by Major Adam Empie Potts. Letter and envelope addressed to Mrs. James Sheppard of Richmond, Virginia. Dated 1859 May 1 from \"Bro. Will\" of Waterford, Mississippi.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWarren Seymour Lurty, uncle of Adam Empie Potts, served as a captain in the Confederate army over the Virginia Horse Artillery Battery, which was involved in the Shenandoah Valley campaign. The battery was nearly annihilated and Lurty was captured at Ninevah, Virginia in 1864 and was a prisoner of war at Fort Delaware. Lurty served as a lawyer before and after the Civil War. He was US District Attorney of western Virginia from 1877-1882. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis folder, which mainly consists of correspondence, includes Civil War military documents and letters of recommendation written for Lurty as he reentered the practice of law after the Civil War. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe folder contains the following papers: \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLetter to Lurty from Lieutenant Halyburton on behalf of General Jubal Anderson Early expressing disapproval of Lurty's application to acquire horses and approval of Lurty's moving camp to Fishersville or Waynesboro, Virginia. 1864 October 8.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLetter from Hon. W. T. Willey, U. S. Senate, War Department, Washington City, 1865 January 26, requesting a prisoner exchange. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePrinted and singed copy of loyalty oath taken by Lurty upon his release from Fort Delaware, 1865 June 17. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLetters of recommendation for Lurty as he seeks to recommence practicing law from W. P. Cooper, U.(?) M. Turner, James M. Jackson, and Gro. W. Jackson, who writes to affirm Lurty's relation to Stonewall Jackson, 1865 October. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTwo 1877 letters recommending the reappointment of Lurty as U. S. District Attorney of western Virginia: one to President Rutherford B. Hayes, 1877, the other from Senator John F. Lewis to Hon. O.(?) P. Morton. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLetters of introduction for Lurty from William Pope Harrison to the Hon. B. H. Hill, U.S. Senate, and to Hon. Joseph E. Brown, U.S. Senate. Both letters are dated 1881 March 15. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLetter to President Chester A. Arthur recommending the reappointment of Lurty as U. .S. District Attorney of western Virginia from the members of the bar of Carroll County, Virginia: Norman Staley(?), Commonwealth attorney, G. B. Wiley, R. M. Brown, Walter Pendleton, Garland Hale, and Walter S. Tipton(?), 1882. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDraft of a speech commemorating the Civil War, 1885.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe envelope dated 1895 January 15 bears two inscriptions: \"the $10 note is my first fee as atty in Washington in 1892 –Seymour\" and a verse to his \"best earthly friend\".\" The accompanying note seems to be a marriage proposal and references a gift of a ring. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTyped note to Lurty signed by William McKinley, dated 1896 April 28 on letterhead from his home in Canton, Ohio. This note was written to congratulate Lurty on his selection as \"Elector-at-large\" and thank him for his support in McKinley's presidential campaign, which was underway during 1896. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePhotocopy of military order dated 1866(?) January 12 removing any \"person having served in the Rebel Armies\" from the \"Public grounds of Fortress Monroe.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEmpty envelope from State-Planters Bank \u0026amp; Trust Co. labeled \"Lurty Papers, Uncle of Adam E. Potts\". \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCertificate from the Columbian Democratic Club, certifying that Joseph S. Potts' election as delegate to the Convention of the National League of Democratic Clubs, 1888 June 14. Badge for the Richmond, Virginia Delegation of the Baltimore Convention of the Columbian Democratic Club, 1888 July 4. Seal attached to black cloth. The faded seal reads \"Richmond Public Schools.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEmpie writes from Williamsburg, Virginia, to Rev. Doctor Eliphalet Nott, a Presbyterian minister and president of Union College in Schenectady, New York. Empie asks for a copy of Union College laws, course of studies, and textbooks, as he is interested in \"different literary seminaries.\" He also promises to call on Nott when he visits New York \"next summer.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Papers, 1821-1979, of and concerning Adam Empie, the president of the College of William and Mary and his family. Includes account book, 1829-1831, of Adam Empie and copy of his will as well as four letters, undated, from Sarah Moore Grimke to Anna Eliza (Wright) Empie as well as a commonplace book, undated; poems; engravings; flower illustrations, sketches and silhouettes; and prayers.","The addition, Mss. 1979.13, includes papers of the Rev. Dr. Adam Empie's descendants, most prominently of Warren Seymour Lurty, Confederate captain, prisoner of war, and US District Attorney of western Virginia from 1877-1882.","The addition, Mss. Acc. 2010.360, contains one letter of July 20, 1847 written by former College of William and Mary President Adam Empie sending his condolences for not being able to accept an invitation.","The addition, Mss. Acc. 2011.707, contains papers of and relating to Adam Empie, twelfth president of the College of William and Mary. The bulk of the collection consists of biographical information about Adam Empie. While most of the material consists of extracts and copies from official records and correspondence, there are a few original documents, including a Baccalaureate Sermon by Empie in 1832, as well as a letter from Rector John Tyler verifying he had administered the Oath of Office to Empie in 1828.","Correspondence between President A. D. Chandler and Colonel A. E. Potts regarding a gift of items which belonged to Dr. Adam Empie, President of the College of William and Mary, 1827-36.","Richmond Times-Dispatch news clipping. Regarding St. James' Episcopal Church, Richmond, mentioning Dr. Empie's connection with that church.","Richmond Times-Dispatch news clipping. Regarding oil portrait Adam Empie given to Bruton Parish Church.","Newport News Daily Press news clipping. Biographical sketch of Adam Empie.","Typescript giving biographical details of Dr. Empie.","Note in Dr. Empie's hand to Mr. and Mrs. Woosten asking them to accept an article as a token of affection.","Williamsburg. Journal in Dr. Empie's hand containing memoranda and notes of accounts. Gives salary from William and Mary College and benefits pertaining to position. Mentions the receipt of two loans from the Bursar of the College totalling $800. Also mentions receiving a trunk of books from Mrs. Avey to be appropriated as he pleased and possibly given to Church Library. Mention also of receipt of $400 from Mr. and Mrs. Woosten.","Contemporary copy of will of Adam Empie.","Three pages of notes for religious sermons in Dr. Empie's hand.","Letter from W. M. Atkinson, Raleigh, to Rev'd. A. Empie. Acknowledgement of Dr. Empie's inability to undertake some unspecified work previously agreed upon.","Four letters from Sarah M. Grimke to Mrs. Anna Eliza Empie. Signature of two letters illegible but undoubtedly by the same hand. Personal letters. One mentions some embroidery for the Society and the dispatch of a box of Bibles and tracts. Mention in one letter of her school for Negroes.","Poems and letters addressed specifically to Mrs. Empie. Signatures include Mrs. Empie's sister Caroline, A.S. Swann, Eliza Ann Gautier, and (Mrs. Homan?). Two of the poems initialled E. G. G. and one initialled E.","Miscellaneous collection of poems all in differrent hands, only one signed-Anna Louisa Campbell.","Manuscript volume, in two unknown hands. Religious text in one half of notebook, receipes in the other half with list of household articles dated 1831 January.","Three manuscript prayers.","Miscellaneous collection of engravings apparently cut from books, most of them very badly stained.","One pencil sketch of a woman's head, signed Williamson. One silhouette of a girl's head, inscribed, cut by M. Honeywell. Still life addressed to Mis A. C. Empie from her friend I. Williamson.","One letter written by former College of William and Mary President Adam Empie sending his regrets for not being able to accept an invitation.","Biographical Information on Adam Empie.","Biographical Information on Adam Empie.","These family papers focus on the Rev. Dr. Adam Empie's descendants, including two letters to his daughter Mrs. James Sheppard and a transcript of his genealogy from his family Bible. Items are as follows. Letter from Thomas A. Graves, Jr., President of the College of William and Mary to Ralph James, Sr. regarding his donation of what are now the Adam Empie Papers. Notes from vestry meeting of 1860 November 13 on death of the Rev. Dr. Empie with a letter to his daughter Mrs. Sheppard. Newspaper clipping from the Newport News Daily Press, 1960 March 20, regarding nineteenth-century silhouettes of four presidents of the College of William and Mary (William Holland Wilmer, Adam Empie, John Augustine Smith, and John Bracken), purchased in a New York antique shop and put on display in the campus library. Transcript of the family records from the family Bible of Rev. Adam Empie made 1935 April 21. Bible owned by Major Adam Empie Potts. Letter and envelope addressed to Mrs. James Sheppard of Richmond, Virginia. Dated 1859 May 1 from \"Bro. Will\" of Waterford, Mississippi.","Warren Seymour Lurty, uncle of Adam Empie Potts, served as a captain in the Confederate army over the Virginia Horse Artillery Battery, which was involved in the Shenandoah Valley campaign. The battery was nearly annihilated and Lurty was captured at Ninevah, Virginia in 1864 and was a prisoner of war at Fort Delaware. Lurty served as a lawyer before and after the Civil War. He was US District Attorney of western Virginia from 1877-1882. ","This folder, which mainly consists of correspondence, includes Civil War military documents and letters of recommendation written for Lurty as he reentered the practice of law after the Civil War. ","The folder contains the following papers: ","Letter to Lurty from Lieutenant Halyburton on behalf of General Jubal Anderson Early expressing disapproval of Lurty's application to acquire horses and approval of Lurty's moving camp to Fishersville or Waynesboro, Virginia. 1864 October 8.  ","Letter from Hon. W. T. Willey, U. S. Senate, War Department, Washington City, 1865 January 26, requesting a prisoner exchange. ","Printed and singed copy of loyalty oath taken by Lurty upon his release from Fort Delaware, 1865 June 17. ","Letters of recommendation for Lurty as he seeks to recommence practicing law from W. P. Cooper, U.(?) M. Turner, James M. Jackson, and Gro. W. Jackson, who writes to affirm Lurty's relation to Stonewall Jackson, 1865 October. ","Two 1877 letters recommending the reappointment of Lurty as U. S. District Attorney of western Virginia: one to President Rutherford B. Hayes, 1877, the other from Senator John F. Lewis to Hon. O.(?) P. Morton. ","Letters of introduction for Lurty from William Pope Harrison to the Hon. B. H. Hill, U.S. Senate, and to Hon. Joseph E. Brown, U.S. Senate. Both letters are dated 1881 March 15. ","Letter to President Chester A. Arthur recommending the reappointment of Lurty as U. .S. District Attorney of western Virginia from the members of the bar of Carroll County, Virginia: Norman Staley(?), Commonwealth attorney, G. B. Wiley, R. M. Brown, Walter Pendleton, Garland Hale, and Walter S. Tipton(?), 1882. ","Draft of a speech commemorating the Civil War, 1885.","The envelope dated 1895 January 15 bears two inscriptions: \"the $10 note is my first fee as atty in Washington in 1892 –Seymour\" and a verse to his \"best earthly friend\".\" The accompanying note seems to be a marriage proposal and references a gift of a ring. ","Typed note to Lurty signed by William McKinley, dated 1896 April 28 on letterhead from his home in Canton, Ohio. This note was written to congratulate Lurty on his selection as \"Elector-at-large\" and thank him for his support in McKinley's presidential campaign, which was underway during 1896. ","Photocopy of military order dated 1866(?) January 12 removing any \"person having served in the Rebel Armies\" from the \"Public grounds of Fortress Monroe.\"","Empty envelope from State-Planters Bank \u0026 Trust Co. labeled \"Lurty Papers, Uncle of Adam E. Potts\". ","Certificate from the Columbian Democratic Club, certifying that Joseph S. Potts' election as delegate to the Convention of the National League of Democratic Clubs, 1888 June 14. Badge for the Richmond, Virginia Delegation of the Baltimore Convention of the Columbian Democratic Club, 1888 July 4. Seal attached to black cloth. The faded seal reads \"Richmond Public Schools.\"","Empie writes from Williamsburg, Virginia, to Rev. Doctor Eliphalet Nott, a Presbyterian minister and president of Union College in Schenectady, New York. Empie asks for a copy of Union College laws, course of studies, and textbooks, as he is interested in \"different literary seminaries.\" He also promises to call on Nott when he visits New York \"next summer.\""],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMss. Acc. 2011.707 was previously part of the University Archives Faculty-Alumni File Collection and was added to this collection on 12/15/2011.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials:"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Mss. Acc. 2011.707 was previously part of the University Archives Faculty-Alumni File Collection and was added to this collection on 12/15/2011."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Empie, Adam, 1785-1860"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Empie, Adam, 1785-1860"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":24,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T06:55:23.487Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_7765","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_7765","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_7765","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_7765","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_7765.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Empie, Adam Papers","title_ssm":["Adam Empie Papers"],"title_tesim":["Adam Empie Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1811-2004","1811-1850"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1811-1850"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1811-2004"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss. 65 Em7","/repositories/2/resources/7765"],"text":["Mss. 65 Em7","/repositories/2/resources/7765","Adam Empie Papers","College of William and Mary--History--19th century","College of William and Mary--Presidents","Episcopal Church--Virginia--Clergy--19th century","Universities and Colleges--Virginia--Faculty","Account books","Engravings (Prints)","Poems","Silhouettes","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Adam Empie was born September 5, 1785 in Schenectady, New York. He was educated at Union College in Schenectady. He served St. George's Church in Hempstead on Long Island, NY and St. James Parish, Wilmington. He was chaplain and professor at the United States Military Academy. He was president of the College of William and Mary, 1827-1836. He resigned to be rector of St. James Episcopal Church, Richmond. ","See the SCRC Wiki for more information about Adam Empie: http://scdbwiki.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Adam_Empie.","Empie was an alumnus of Union College.","Acc. 2011.707 was previously part of the University Archives Faculty-Alumni File Collection and was made part of this collection on 12/15/2011.","Mss. 2010.360 was accessioned as part of the backlog by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in June 2010. Mss. 1979.13 processed by Lisa Sparks Carpenter, American Studies Intern, in November 2010. Acc. 2011.710 accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in December 2011.","Papers, 1821-1979, of and concerning Adam Empie, the president of the College of William and Mary and his family. Includes account book, 1829-1831, of Adam Empie and copy of his will as well as four letters, undated, from Sarah Moore Grimke to Anna Eliza (Wright) Empie as well as a commonplace book, undated; poems; engravings; flower illustrations, sketches and silhouettes; and prayers.","The addition, Mss. 1979.13, includes papers of the Rev. Dr. Adam Empie's descendants, most prominently of Warren Seymour Lurty, Confederate captain, prisoner of war, and US District Attorney of western Virginia from 1877-1882.","The addition, Mss. Acc. 2010.360, contains one letter of July 20, 1847 written by former College of William and Mary President Adam Empie sending his condolences for not being able to accept an invitation.","The addition, Mss. Acc. 2011.707, contains papers of and relating to Adam Empie, twelfth president of the College of William and Mary. The bulk of the collection consists of biographical information about Adam Empie. While most of the material consists of extracts and copies from official records and correspondence, there are a few original documents, including a Baccalaureate Sermon by Empie in 1832, as well as a letter from Rector John Tyler verifying he had administered the Oath of Office to Empie in 1828.","Correspondence between President A. D. Chandler and Colonel A. E. Potts regarding a gift of items which belonged to Dr. Adam Empie, President of the College of William and Mary, 1827-36.","Richmond Times-Dispatch news clipping. Regarding St. James' Episcopal Church, Richmond, mentioning Dr. Empie's connection with that church.","Richmond Times-Dispatch news clipping. Regarding oil portrait Adam Empie given to Bruton Parish Church.","Newport News Daily Press news clipping. Biographical sketch of Adam Empie.","Typescript giving biographical details of Dr. Empie.","Note in Dr. Empie's hand to Mr. and Mrs. Woosten asking them to accept an article as a token of affection.","Williamsburg. Journal in Dr. Empie's hand containing memoranda and notes of accounts. Gives salary from William and Mary College and benefits pertaining to position. Mentions the receipt of two loans from the Bursar of the College totalling $800. Also mentions receiving a trunk of books from Mrs. Avey to be appropriated as he pleased and possibly given to Church Library. Mention also of receipt of $400 from Mr. and Mrs. Woosten.","Contemporary copy of will of Adam Empie.","Three pages of notes for religious sermons in Dr. Empie's hand.","Letter from W. M. Atkinson, Raleigh, to Rev'd. A. Empie. Acknowledgement of Dr. Empie's inability to undertake some unspecified work previously agreed upon.","Four letters from Sarah M. Grimke to Mrs. Anna Eliza Empie. Signature of two letters illegible but undoubtedly by the same hand. Personal letters. One mentions some embroidery for the Society and the dispatch of a box of Bibles and tracts. Mention in one letter of her school for Negroes.","Poems and letters addressed specifically to Mrs. Empie. Signatures include Mrs. Empie's sister Caroline, A.S. Swann, Eliza Ann Gautier, and (Mrs. Homan?). Two of the poems initialled E. G. G. and one initialled E.","Miscellaneous collection of poems all in differrent hands, only one signed-Anna Louisa Campbell.","Manuscript volume, in two unknown hands. Religious text in one half of notebook, receipes in the other half with list of household articles dated 1831 January.","Three manuscript prayers.","Miscellaneous collection of engravings apparently cut from books, most of them very badly stained.","One pencil sketch of a woman's head, signed Williamson. One silhouette of a girl's head, inscribed, cut by M. Honeywell. Still life addressed to Mis A. C. Empie from her friend I. Williamson.","One letter written by former College of William and Mary President Adam Empie sending his regrets for not being able to accept an invitation.","Biographical Information on Adam Empie.","Biographical Information on Adam Empie.","These family papers focus on the Rev. Dr. Adam Empie's descendants, including two letters to his daughter Mrs. James Sheppard and a transcript of his genealogy from his family Bible. Items are as follows. Letter from Thomas A. Graves, Jr., President of the College of William and Mary to Ralph James, Sr. regarding his donation of what are now the Adam Empie Papers. Notes from vestry meeting of 1860 November 13 on death of the Rev. Dr. Empie with a letter to his daughter Mrs. Sheppard. Newspaper clipping from the Newport News Daily Press, 1960 March 20, regarding nineteenth-century silhouettes of four presidents of the College of William and Mary (William Holland Wilmer, Adam Empie, John Augustine Smith, and John Bracken), purchased in a New York antique shop and put on display in the campus library. Transcript of the family records from the family Bible of Rev. Adam Empie made 1935 April 21. Bible owned by Major Adam Empie Potts. Letter and envelope addressed to Mrs. James Sheppard of Richmond, Virginia. Dated 1859 May 1 from \"Bro. Will\" of Waterford, Mississippi.","Warren Seymour Lurty, uncle of Adam Empie Potts, served as a captain in the Confederate army over the Virginia Horse Artillery Battery, which was involved in the Shenandoah Valley campaign. The battery was nearly annihilated and Lurty was captured at Ninevah, Virginia in 1864 and was a prisoner of war at Fort Delaware. Lurty served as a lawyer before and after the Civil War. He was US District Attorney of western Virginia from 1877-1882. ","This folder, which mainly consists of correspondence, includes Civil War military documents and letters of recommendation written for Lurty as he reentered the practice of law after the Civil War. ","The folder contains the following papers: ","Letter to Lurty from Lieutenant Halyburton on behalf of General Jubal Anderson Early expressing disapproval of Lurty's application to acquire horses and approval of Lurty's moving camp to Fishersville or Waynesboro, Virginia. 1864 October 8.  ","Letter from Hon. W. T. Willey, U. S. Senate, War Department, Washington City, 1865 January 26, requesting a prisoner exchange. ","Printed and singed copy of loyalty oath taken by Lurty upon his release from Fort Delaware, 1865 June 17. ","Letters of recommendation for Lurty as he seeks to recommence practicing law from W. P. Cooper, U.(?) M. Turner, James M. Jackson, and Gro. W. Jackson, who writes to affirm Lurty's relation to Stonewall Jackson, 1865 October. ","Two 1877 letters recommending the reappointment of Lurty as U. S. District Attorney of western Virginia: one to President Rutherford B. Hayes, 1877, the other from Senator John F. Lewis to Hon. O.(?) P. Morton. ","Letters of introduction for Lurty from William Pope Harrison to the Hon. B. H. Hill, U.S. Senate, and to Hon. Joseph E. Brown, U.S. Senate. Both letters are dated 1881 March 15. ","Letter to President Chester A. Arthur recommending the reappointment of Lurty as U. .S. District Attorney of western Virginia from the members of the bar of Carroll County, Virginia: Norman Staley(?), Commonwealth attorney, G. B. Wiley, R. M. Brown, Walter Pendleton, Garland Hale, and Walter S. Tipton(?), 1882. ","Draft of a speech commemorating the Civil War, 1885.","The envelope dated 1895 January 15 bears two inscriptions: \"the $10 note is my first fee as atty in Washington in 1892 –Seymour\" and a verse to his \"best earthly friend\".\" The accompanying note seems to be a marriage proposal and references a gift of a ring. ","Typed note to Lurty signed by William McKinley, dated 1896 April 28 on letterhead from his home in Canton, Ohio. This note was written to congratulate Lurty on his selection as \"Elector-at-large\" and thank him for his support in McKinley's presidential campaign, which was underway during 1896. ","Photocopy of military order dated 1866(?) January 12 removing any \"person having served in the Rebel Armies\" from the \"Public grounds of Fortress Monroe.\"","Empty envelope from State-Planters Bank \u0026 Trust Co. labeled \"Lurty Papers, Uncle of Adam E. Potts\". ","Certificate from the Columbian Democratic Club, certifying that Joseph S. Potts' election as delegate to the Convention of the National League of Democratic Clubs, 1888 June 14. Badge for the Richmond, Virginia Delegation of the Baltimore Convention of the Columbian Democratic Club, 1888 July 4. Seal attached to black cloth. The faded seal reads \"Richmond Public Schools.\"","Empie writes from Williamsburg, Virginia, to Rev. Doctor Eliphalet Nott, a Presbyterian minister and president of Union College in Schenectady, New York. Empie asks for a copy of Union College laws, course of studies, and textbooks, as he is interested in \"different literary seminaries.\" He also promises to call on Nott when he visits New York \"next summer.\"","Mss. Acc. 2011.707 was previously part of the University Archives Faculty-Alumni File Collection and was added to this collection on 12/15/2011.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","Empie, Adam, 1785-1860","English"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss. 65 Em7","/repositories/2/resources/7765"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Adam Empie Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Adam Empie Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Adam Empie Papers"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"creator_ssm":["Empie, Adam, 1785-1860"],"creator_ssim":["Empie, Adam, 1785-1860"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Empie, Adam, 1785-1860"],"creators_ssim":["Empie, Adam, 1785-1860"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift, 82 items, of Adam E. Potts on 02/13/1959. Gift, 3 items, of Mrs. Adam E. Potts in 12/1969. Mss. 1979.13 gift of Ralph James. Acquisition information for material received after 7/13/2009 is available by consulting a Special Collections Research Center staff member."],"access_subjects_ssim":["College of William and Mary--History--19th century","College of William and Mary--Presidents","Episcopal Church--Virginia--Clergy--19th century","Universities and Colleges--Virginia--Faculty","Account books","Engravings (Prints)","Poems","Silhouettes"],"access_subjects_ssm":["College of William and Mary--History--19th century","College of William and Mary--Presidents","Episcopal Church--Virginia--Clergy--19th century","Universities and Colleges--Virginia--Faculty","Account books","Engravings (Prints)","Poems","Silhouettes"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.00 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["1.00 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Account books","Engravings (Prints)","Poems","Silhouettes"],"date_range_isim":[1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdam Empie was born September 5, 1785 in Schenectady, New York. He was educated at Union College in Schenectady. He served St. George's Church in Hempstead on Long Island, NY and St. James Parish, Wilmington. He was chaplain and professor at the United States Military Academy. He was president of the College of William and Mary, 1827-1836. He resigned to be rector of St. James Episcopal Church, Richmond. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSee the SCRC Wiki for more information about Adam Empie: http://scdbwiki.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Adam_Empie.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEmpie was an alumnus of Union College.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information:","Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Adam Empie was born September 5, 1785 in Schenectady, New York. He was educated at Union College in Schenectady. He served St. George's Church in Hempstead on Long Island, NY and St. James Parish, Wilmington. He was chaplain and professor at the United States Military Academy. He was president of the College of William and Mary, 1827-1836. He resigned to be rector of St. James Episcopal Church, Richmond. ","See the SCRC Wiki for more information about Adam Empie: http://scdbwiki.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Adam_Empie.","Empie was an alumnus of Union College."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAcc. 2011.707 was previously part of the University Archives Faculty-Alumni File Collection and was made part of this collection on 12/15/2011.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History:"],"custodhist_tesim":["Acc. 2011.707 was previously part of the University Archives Faculty-Alumni File Collection and was made part of this collection on 12/15/2011."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdam Empie Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Adam Empie Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMss. 2010.360 was accessioned as part of the backlog by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in June 2010. Mss. 1979.13 processed by Lisa Sparks Carpenter, American Studies Intern, in November 2010. Acc. 2011.710 accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in December 2011.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information:"],"processinfo_tesim":["Mss. 2010.360 was accessioned as part of the backlog by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in June 2010. Mss. 1979.13 processed by Lisa Sparks Carpenter, American Studies Intern, in November 2010. Acc. 2011.710 accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in December 2011."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers, 1821-1979, of and concerning Adam Empie, the president of the College of William and Mary and his family. Includes account book, 1829-1831, of Adam Empie and copy of his will as well as four letters, undated, from Sarah Moore Grimke to Anna Eliza (Wright) Empie as well as a commonplace book, undated; poems; engravings; flower illustrations, sketches and silhouettes; and prayers.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe addition, Mss. 1979.13, includes papers of the Rev. Dr. Adam Empie's descendants, most prominently of Warren Seymour Lurty, Confederate captain, prisoner of war, and US District Attorney of western Virginia from 1877-1882.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe addition, Mss. Acc. 2010.360, contains one letter of July 20, 1847 written by former College of William and Mary President Adam Empie sending his condolences for not being able to accept an invitation.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe addition, Mss. Acc. 2011.707, contains papers of and relating to Adam Empie, twelfth president of the College of William and Mary. The bulk of the collection consists of biographical information about Adam Empie. While most of the material consists of extracts and copies from official records and correspondence, there are a few original documents, including a Baccalaureate Sermon by Empie in 1832, as well as a letter from Rector John Tyler verifying he had administered the Oath of Office to Empie in 1828.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence between President A. D. Chandler and Colonel A. E. Potts regarding a gift of items which belonged to Dr. Adam Empie, President of the College of William and Mary, 1827-36.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichmond Times-Dispatch news clipping. Regarding St. James' Episcopal Church, Richmond, mentioning Dr. Empie's connection with that church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichmond Times-Dispatch news clipping. Regarding oil portrait Adam Empie given to Bruton Parish Church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNewport News Daily Press news clipping. Biographical sketch of Adam Empie.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTypescript giving biographical details of Dr. Empie.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote in Dr. Empie's hand to Mr. and Mrs. Woosten asking them to accept an article as a token of affection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliamsburg. Journal in Dr. Empie's hand containing memoranda and notes of accounts. Gives salary from William and Mary College and benefits pertaining to position. Mentions the receipt of two loans from the Bursar of the College totalling $800. Also mentions receiving a trunk of books from Mrs. Avey to be appropriated as he pleased and possibly given to Church Library. Mention also of receipt of $400 from Mr. and Mrs. Woosten.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContemporary copy of will of Adam Empie.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThree pages of notes for religious sermons in Dr. Empie's hand.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter from W. M. Atkinson, Raleigh, to Rev'd. A. Empie. Acknowledgement of Dr. Empie's inability to undertake some unspecified work previously agreed upon.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFour letters from Sarah M. Grimke to Mrs. Anna Eliza Empie. Signature of two letters illegible but undoubtedly by the same hand. Personal letters. One mentions some embroidery for the Society and the dispatch of a box of Bibles and tracts. Mention in one letter of her school for Negroes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePoems and letters addressed specifically to Mrs. Empie. Signatures include Mrs. Empie's sister Caroline, A.S. Swann, Eliza Ann Gautier, and (Mrs. Homan?). Two of the poems initialled E. G. G. and one initialled E.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMiscellaneous collection of poems all in differrent hands, only one signed-Anna Louisa Campbell.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eManuscript volume, in two unknown hands. Religious text in one half of notebook, receipes in the other half with list of household articles dated 1831 January.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThree manuscript prayers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMiscellaneous collection of engravings apparently cut from books, most of them very badly stained.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOne pencil sketch of a woman's head, signed Williamson. One silhouette of a girl's head, inscribed, cut by M. Honeywell. Still life addressed to Mis A. C. Empie from her friend I. Williamson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOne letter written by former College of William and Mary President Adam Empie sending his regrets for not being able to accept an invitation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBiographical Information on Adam Empie.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBiographical Information on Adam Empie.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese family papers focus on the Rev. Dr. Adam Empie's descendants, including two letters to his daughter Mrs. James Sheppard and a transcript of his genealogy from his family Bible. Items are as follows. Letter from Thomas A. Graves, Jr., President of the College of William and Mary to Ralph James, Sr. regarding his donation of what are now the Adam Empie Papers. Notes from vestry meeting of 1860 November 13 on death of the Rev. Dr. Empie with a letter to his daughter Mrs. Sheppard. Newspaper clipping from the Newport News Daily Press, 1960 March 20, regarding nineteenth-century silhouettes of four presidents of the College of William and Mary (William Holland Wilmer, Adam Empie, John Augustine Smith, and John Bracken), purchased in a New York antique shop and put on display in the campus library. Transcript of the family records from the family Bible of Rev. Adam Empie made 1935 April 21. Bible owned by Major Adam Empie Potts. Letter and envelope addressed to Mrs. James Sheppard of Richmond, Virginia. Dated 1859 May 1 from \"Bro. Will\" of Waterford, Mississippi.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWarren Seymour Lurty, uncle of Adam Empie Potts, served as a captain in the Confederate army over the Virginia Horse Artillery Battery, which was involved in the Shenandoah Valley campaign. The battery was nearly annihilated and Lurty was captured at Ninevah, Virginia in 1864 and was a prisoner of war at Fort Delaware. Lurty served as a lawyer before and after the Civil War. He was US District Attorney of western Virginia from 1877-1882. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis folder, which mainly consists of correspondence, includes Civil War military documents and letters of recommendation written for Lurty as he reentered the practice of law after the Civil War. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe folder contains the following papers: \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLetter to Lurty from Lieutenant Halyburton on behalf of General Jubal Anderson Early expressing disapproval of Lurty's application to acquire horses and approval of Lurty's moving camp to Fishersville or Waynesboro, Virginia. 1864 October 8.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLetter from Hon. W. T. Willey, U. S. Senate, War Department, Washington City, 1865 January 26, requesting a prisoner exchange. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePrinted and singed copy of loyalty oath taken by Lurty upon his release from Fort Delaware, 1865 June 17. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLetters of recommendation for Lurty as he seeks to recommence practicing law from W. P. Cooper, U.(?) M. Turner, James M. Jackson, and Gro. W. Jackson, who writes to affirm Lurty's relation to Stonewall Jackson, 1865 October. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTwo 1877 letters recommending the reappointment of Lurty as U. S. District Attorney of western Virginia: one to President Rutherford B. Hayes, 1877, the other from Senator John F. Lewis to Hon. O.(?) P. Morton. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLetters of introduction for Lurty from William Pope Harrison to the Hon. B. H. Hill, U.S. Senate, and to Hon. Joseph E. Brown, U.S. Senate. Both letters are dated 1881 March 15. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLetter to President Chester A. Arthur recommending the reappointment of Lurty as U. .S. District Attorney of western Virginia from the members of the bar of Carroll County, Virginia: Norman Staley(?), Commonwealth attorney, G. B. Wiley, R. M. Brown, Walter Pendleton, Garland Hale, and Walter S. Tipton(?), 1882. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDraft of a speech commemorating the Civil War, 1885.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe envelope dated 1895 January 15 bears two inscriptions: \"the $10 note is my first fee as atty in Washington in 1892 –Seymour\" and a verse to his \"best earthly friend\".\" The accompanying note seems to be a marriage proposal and references a gift of a ring. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTyped note to Lurty signed by William McKinley, dated 1896 April 28 on letterhead from his home in Canton, Ohio. This note was written to congratulate Lurty on his selection as \"Elector-at-large\" and thank him for his support in McKinley's presidential campaign, which was underway during 1896. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePhotocopy of military order dated 1866(?) January 12 removing any \"person having served in the Rebel Armies\" from the \"Public grounds of Fortress Monroe.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEmpty envelope from State-Planters Bank \u0026amp; Trust Co. labeled \"Lurty Papers, Uncle of Adam E. Potts\". \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCertificate from the Columbian Democratic Club, certifying that Joseph S. Potts' election as delegate to the Convention of the National League of Democratic Clubs, 1888 June 14. Badge for the Richmond, Virginia Delegation of the Baltimore Convention of the Columbian Democratic Club, 1888 July 4. Seal attached to black cloth. The faded seal reads \"Richmond Public Schools.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEmpie writes from Williamsburg, Virginia, to Rev. Doctor Eliphalet Nott, a Presbyterian minister and president of Union College in Schenectady, New York. Empie asks for a copy of Union College laws, course of studies, and textbooks, as he is interested in \"different literary seminaries.\" He also promises to call on Nott when he visits New York \"next summer.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Papers, 1821-1979, of and concerning Adam Empie, the president of the College of William and Mary and his family. Includes account book, 1829-1831, of Adam Empie and copy of his will as well as four letters, undated, from Sarah Moore Grimke to Anna Eliza (Wright) Empie as well as a commonplace book, undated; poems; engravings; flower illustrations, sketches and silhouettes; and prayers.","The addition, Mss. 1979.13, includes papers of the Rev. Dr. Adam Empie's descendants, most prominently of Warren Seymour Lurty, Confederate captain, prisoner of war, and US District Attorney of western Virginia from 1877-1882.","The addition, Mss. Acc. 2010.360, contains one letter of July 20, 1847 written by former College of William and Mary President Adam Empie sending his condolences for not being able to accept an invitation.","The addition, Mss. Acc. 2011.707, contains papers of and relating to Adam Empie, twelfth president of the College of William and Mary. The bulk of the collection consists of biographical information about Adam Empie. While most of the material consists of extracts and copies from official records and correspondence, there are a few original documents, including a Baccalaureate Sermon by Empie in 1832, as well as a letter from Rector John Tyler verifying he had administered the Oath of Office to Empie in 1828.","Correspondence between President A. D. Chandler and Colonel A. E. Potts regarding a gift of items which belonged to Dr. Adam Empie, President of the College of William and Mary, 1827-36.","Richmond Times-Dispatch news clipping. Regarding St. James' Episcopal Church, Richmond, mentioning Dr. Empie's connection with that church.","Richmond Times-Dispatch news clipping. Regarding oil portrait Adam Empie given to Bruton Parish Church.","Newport News Daily Press news clipping. Biographical sketch of Adam Empie.","Typescript giving biographical details of Dr. Empie.","Note in Dr. Empie's hand to Mr. and Mrs. Woosten asking them to accept an article as a token of affection.","Williamsburg. Journal in Dr. Empie's hand containing memoranda and notes of accounts. Gives salary from William and Mary College and benefits pertaining to position. Mentions the receipt of two loans from the Bursar of the College totalling $800. Also mentions receiving a trunk of books from Mrs. Avey to be appropriated as he pleased and possibly given to Church Library. Mention also of receipt of $400 from Mr. and Mrs. Woosten.","Contemporary copy of will of Adam Empie.","Three pages of notes for religious sermons in Dr. Empie's hand.","Letter from W. M. Atkinson, Raleigh, to Rev'd. A. Empie. Acknowledgement of Dr. Empie's inability to undertake some unspecified work previously agreed upon.","Four letters from Sarah M. Grimke to Mrs. Anna Eliza Empie. Signature of two letters illegible but undoubtedly by the same hand. Personal letters. One mentions some embroidery for the Society and the dispatch of a box of Bibles and tracts. Mention in one letter of her school for Negroes.","Poems and letters addressed specifically to Mrs. Empie. Signatures include Mrs. Empie's sister Caroline, A.S. Swann, Eliza Ann Gautier, and (Mrs. Homan?). Two of the poems initialled E. G. G. and one initialled E.","Miscellaneous collection of poems all in differrent hands, only one signed-Anna Louisa Campbell.","Manuscript volume, in two unknown hands. Religious text in one half of notebook, receipes in the other half with list of household articles dated 1831 January.","Three manuscript prayers.","Miscellaneous collection of engravings apparently cut from books, most of them very badly stained.","One pencil sketch of a woman's head, signed Williamson. One silhouette of a girl's head, inscribed, cut by M. Honeywell. Still life addressed to Mis A. C. Empie from her friend I. Williamson.","One letter written by former College of William and Mary President Adam Empie sending his regrets for not being able to accept an invitation.","Biographical Information on Adam Empie.","Biographical Information on Adam Empie.","These family papers focus on the Rev. Dr. Adam Empie's descendants, including two letters to his daughter Mrs. James Sheppard and a transcript of his genealogy from his family Bible. Items are as follows. Letter from Thomas A. Graves, Jr., President of the College of William and Mary to Ralph James, Sr. regarding his donation of what are now the Adam Empie Papers. Notes from vestry meeting of 1860 November 13 on death of the Rev. Dr. Empie with a letter to his daughter Mrs. Sheppard. Newspaper clipping from the Newport News Daily Press, 1960 March 20, regarding nineteenth-century silhouettes of four presidents of the College of William and Mary (William Holland Wilmer, Adam Empie, John Augustine Smith, and John Bracken), purchased in a New York antique shop and put on display in the campus library. Transcript of the family records from the family Bible of Rev. Adam Empie made 1935 April 21. Bible owned by Major Adam Empie Potts. Letter and envelope addressed to Mrs. James Sheppard of Richmond, Virginia. Dated 1859 May 1 from \"Bro. Will\" of Waterford, Mississippi.","Warren Seymour Lurty, uncle of Adam Empie Potts, served as a captain in the Confederate army over the Virginia Horse Artillery Battery, which was involved in the Shenandoah Valley campaign. The battery was nearly annihilated and Lurty was captured at Ninevah, Virginia in 1864 and was a prisoner of war at Fort Delaware. Lurty served as a lawyer before and after the Civil War. He was US District Attorney of western Virginia from 1877-1882. ","This folder, which mainly consists of correspondence, includes Civil War military documents and letters of recommendation written for Lurty as he reentered the practice of law after the Civil War. ","The folder contains the following papers: ","Letter to Lurty from Lieutenant Halyburton on behalf of General Jubal Anderson Early expressing disapproval of Lurty's application to acquire horses and approval of Lurty's moving camp to Fishersville or Waynesboro, Virginia. 1864 October 8.  ","Letter from Hon. W. T. Willey, U. S. Senate, War Department, Washington City, 1865 January 26, requesting a prisoner exchange. ","Printed and singed copy of loyalty oath taken by Lurty upon his release from Fort Delaware, 1865 June 17. ","Letters of recommendation for Lurty as he seeks to recommence practicing law from W. P. Cooper, U.(?) M. Turner, James M. Jackson, and Gro. W. Jackson, who writes to affirm Lurty's relation to Stonewall Jackson, 1865 October. ","Two 1877 letters recommending the reappointment of Lurty as U. S. District Attorney of western Virginia: one to President Rutherford B. Hayes, 1877, the other from Senator John F. Lewis to Hon. O.(?) P. Morton. ","Letters of introduction for Lurty from William Pope Harrison to the Hon. B. H. Hill, U.S. Senate, and to Hon. Joseph E. Brown, U.S. Senate. Both letters are dated 1881 March 15. ","Letter to President Chester A. Arthur recommending the reappointment of Lurty as U. .S. District Attorney of western Virginia from the members of the bar of Carroll County, Virginia: Norman Staley(?), Commonwealth attorney, G. B. Wiley, R. M. Brown, Walter Pendleton, Garland Hale, and Walter S. Tipton(?), 1882. ","Draft of a speech commemorating the Civil War, 1885.","The envelope dated 1895 January 15 bears two inscriptions: \"the $10 note is my first fee as atty in Washington in 1892 –Seymour\" and a verse to his \"best earthly friend\".\" The accompanying note seems to be a marriage proposal and references a gift of a ring. ","Typed note to Lurty signed by William McKinley, dated 1896 April 28 on letterhead from his home in Canton, Ohio. This note was written to congratulate Lurty on his selection as \"Elector-at-large\" and thank him for his support in McKinley's presidential campaign, which was underway during 1896. ","Photocopy of military order dated 1866(?) January 12 removing any \"person having served in the Rebel Armies\" from the \"Public grounds of Fortress Monroe.\"","Empty envelope from State-Planters Bank \u0026 Trust Co. labeled \"Lurty Papers, Uncle of Adam E. Potts\". ","Certificate from the Columbian Democratic Club, certifying that Joseph S. Potts' election as delegate to the Convention of the National League of Democratic Clubs, 1888 June 14. Badge for the Richmond, Virginia Delegation of the Baltimore Convention of the Columbian Democratic Club, 1888 July 4. Seal attached to black cloth. The faded seal reads \"Richmond Public Schools.\"","Empie writes from Williamsburg, Virginia, to Rev. Doctor Eliphalet Nott, a Presbyterian minister and president of Union College in Schenectady, New York. Empie asks for a copy of Union College laws, course of studies, and textbooks, as he is interested in \"different literary seminaries.\" He also promises to call on Nott when he visits New York \"next summer.\""],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMss. Acc. 2011.707 was previously part of the University Archives Faculty-Alumni File Collection and was added to this collection on 12/15/2011.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials:"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Mss. Acc. 2011.707 was previously part of the University Archives Faculty-Alumni File Collection and was added to this collection on 12/15/2011."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Empie, Adam, 1785-1860"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Empie, Adam, 1785-1860"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":24,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T06:55:23.487Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_7765"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1302","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Adam Finch Collection","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1302#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Finch, Adam T., 1872-1933","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1302#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Adam Tyree Finch graduated with the Class of 1893. Finch returned to VPI in 1898 to teach Military Science and Tactics. Finch also served as Commandant of Cadets and Assistant Professor of Physiology and Materia Medica before leaving VPI in Spring of 1900. This collection includes scrapbook pages containing photos and materials from Adam Finch's time as a cadet and VPI. Also included is a letter of recommendation from President Barringer and a letter written by Finch about an alumni reunion.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1302#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1302","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1302","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1302","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1302","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1302.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Finch, Adam T., Collection","title_ssm":["Adam Finch Collection"],"title_tesim":["Adam Finch Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1891-1933"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1891-1933"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1974.015"],"text":["Ms.1974.015","Adam Finch Collection","Faculty and staff","Students and alumni","University History","The collection is open to research.","Some of this collection has been digitized and is available online.","The collection is arranged by material type.","Adam Tyree Finch was born c. 1873 in Chase City, Virginia. He attended the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College. While attending VAMC, Finch served as the business director of the Gray Jacket. After completing his degree in 1893, Finch entered the medical school at the University of Virginia. Following the completion of this degree, Finch took a job at the Polyclinic Hospital and Dispensary of New York City. Adam Finch returned to the VAMC, now the Virginia Polytechnic Institute, in 1898 taking the position of Professor of Military Science and Tactics and succeeded Lt. Shanks as Commandant of Cadets. He also served as an Assistant Professor of Physiology and Materia Medica. Finch married Miss Elizabeth Dinwiddie Morton on September 8, 1899 in Clarksville, Virginia. Finch left VPI in Spring of 1900. Adam Finch passed away in 1933.","The guide to the Adam Finch Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement and description of the Adam Finch Collection was completed in July 2009.","See the  Adam T. Finch Papers, Ms1990-022 , also at VT Special Collections and University Archives.","Collection consists of pages from a scrapbook including photographs and materials from Adam Finch's time attending the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College. Materials include invitations to Maury Literary Society events, the roll of Company A from 1893, football game ribbons, and disciplinary report responses. Also included are a letter of reference from President Barringer and a letter, written by Finch, about an alumni reunion.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","Adam Tyree Finch graduated with the Class of 1893. Finch returned to VPI in 1898 to teach Military Science and Tactics. Finch also served as Commandant of Cadets and Assistant Professor of Physiology and Materia Medica before leaving VPI in Spring of 1900. This collection includes scrapbook pages containing photos and materials from Adam Finch's time as a cadet and VPI. Also included is a letter of recommendation from President Barringer and a letter written by Finch about an alumni reunion.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (1872-1896)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Finch, Adam T., 1872-1933","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1974.015"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Adam Finch Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Adam Finch Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Adam Finch Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Finch, Adam T., 1872-1933"],"creator_ssim":["Finch, Adam T., 1872-1933"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Finch, Adam T., 1872-1933"],"creators_ssim":["Finch, Adam T., 1872-1933"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Adam Finch Collection was donated to Special Collections in 1974."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Faculty and staff","Students and alumni","University History"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Faculty and staff","Students and alumni","University History"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.2 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.2 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"date_range_isim":[1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to research."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/collections/show/345\"\u003eSome of this collection has been digitized and is available online.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["Some of this collection has been digitized and is available online."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged by material type.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged by material type."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdam Tyree Finch was born c. 1873 in Chase City, Virginia. He attended the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College. While attending VAMC, Finch served as the business director of the Gray Jacket. After completing his degree in 1893, Finch entered the medical school at the University of Virginia. Following the completion of this degree, Finch took a job at the Polyclinic Hospital and Dispensary of New York City. Adam Finch returned to the VAMC, now the Virginia Polytechnic Institute, in 1898 taking the position of Professor of Military Science and Tactics and succeeded Lt. Shanks as Commandant of Cadets. He also served as an Assistant Professor of Physiology and Materia Medica. Finch married Miss Elizabeth Dinwiddie Morton on September 8, 1899 in Clarksville, Virginia. Finch left VPI in Spring of 1900. Adam Finch passed away in 1933.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Adam Tyree Finch was born c. 1873 in Chase City, Virginia. He attended the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College. While attending VAMC, Finch served as the business director of the Gray Jacket. After completing his degree in 1893, Finch entered the medical school at the University of Virginia. Following the completion of this degree, Finch took a job at the Polyclinic Hospital and Dispensary of New York City. Adam Finch returned to the VAMC, now the Virginia Polytechnic Institute, in 1898 taking the position of Professor of Military Science and Tactics and succeeded Lt. Shanks as Commandant of Cadets. He also served as an Assistant Professor of Physiology and Materia Medica. Finch married Miss Elizabeth Dinwiddie Morton on September 8, 1899 in Clarksville, Virginia. Finch left VPI in Spring of 1900. Adam Finch passed away in 1933."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Adam Finch Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Adam Finch Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Adam Finch Collection, Ms1974-015, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Adam Finch Collection, Ms1974-015, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement and description of the Adam Finch Collection was completed in July 2009.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement and description of the Adam Finch Collection was completed in July 2009."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee the \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/lib.vt.edu/repositories/2/resources/1756.oai_ead.xml\"\u003eAdam T. Finch Papers, Ms1990-022\u003c/a\u003e, also at VT Special Collections and University Archives.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Archival Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See the  Adam T. Finch Papers, Ms1990-022 , also at VT Special Collections and University Archives."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection consists of pages from a scrapbook including photographs and materials from Adam Finch's time attending the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College. Materials include invitations to Maury Literary Society events, the roll of Company A from 1893, football game ribbons, and disciplinary report responses. Also included are a letter of reference from President Barringer and a letter, written by Finch, about an alumni reunion.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Collection consists of pages from a scrapbook including photographs and materials from Adam Finch's time attending the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College. Materials include invitations to Maury Literary Society events, the roll of Company A from 1893, football game ribbons, and disciplinary report responses. Also included are a letter of reference from President Barringer and a letter, written by Finch, about an alumni reunion."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_4201f671ce92146a4a4396bebcad0935\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eAdam Tyree Finch graduated with the Class of 1893. Finch returned to VPI in 1898 to teach Military Science and Tactics. Finch also served as Commandant of Cadets and Assistant Professor of Physiology and Materia Medica before leaving VPI in Spring of 1900. This collection includes scrapbook pages containing photos and materials from Adam Finch's time as a cadet and VPI. Also included is a letter of recommendation from President Barringer and a letter written by Finch about an alumni reunion.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Adam Tyree Finch graduated with the Class of 1893. Finch returned to VPI in 1898 to teach Military Science and Tactics. Finch also served as Commandant of Cadets and Assistant Professor of Physiology and Materia Medica before leaving VPI in Spring of 1900. This collection includes scrapbook pages containing photos and materials from Adam Finch's time as a cadet and VPI. Also included is a letter of recommendation from President Barringer and a letter written by Finch about an alumni reunion."],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (1872-1896)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (1872-1896)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Finch, Adam T., 1872-1933"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (1872-1896)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)"],"persname_ssim":["Finch, Adam T., 1872-1933"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:38:15.658Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1302","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1302","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1302","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1302","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1302.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Finch, Adam T., Collection","title_ssm":["Adam Finch Collection"],"title_tesim":["Adam Finch Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1891-1933"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1891-1933"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1974.015"],"text":["Ms.1974.015","Adam Finch Collection","Faculty and staff","Students and alumni","University History","The collection is open to research.","Some of this collection has been digitized and is available online.","The collection is arranged by material type.","Adam Tyree Finch was born c. 1873 in Chase City, Virginia. He attended the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College. While attending VAMC, Finch served as the business director of the Gray Jacket. After completing his degree in 1893, Finch entered the medical school at the University of Virginia. Following the completion of this degree, Finch took a job at the Polyclinic Hospital and Dispensary of New York City. Adam Finch returned to the VAMC, now the Virginia Polytechnic Institute, in 1898 taking the position of Professor of Military Science and Tactics and succeeded Lt. Shanks as Commandant of Cadets. He also served as an Assistant Professor of Physiology and Materia Medica. Finch married Miss Elizabeth Dinwiddie Morton on September 8, 1899 in Clarksville, Virginia. Finch left VPI in Spring of 1900. Adam Finch passed away in 1933.","The guide to the Adam Finch Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement and description of the Adam Finch Collection was completed in July 2009.","See the  Adam T. Finch Papers, Ms1990-022 , also at VT Special Collections and University Archives.","Collection consists of pages from a scrapbook including photographs and materials from Adam Finch's time attending the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College. Materials include invitations to Maury Literary Society events, the roll of Company A from 1893, football game ribbons, and disciplinary report responses. Also included are a letter of reference from President Barringer and a letter, written by Finch, about an alumni reunion.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","Adam Tyree Finch graduated with the Class of 1893. Finch returned to VPI in 1898 to teach Military Science and Tactics. Finch also served as Commandant of Cadets and Assistant Professor of Physiology and Materia Medica before leaving VPI in Spring of 1900. This collection includes scrapbook pages containing photos and materials from Adam Finch's time as a cadet and VPI. Also included is a letter of recommendation from President Barringer and a letter written by Finch about an alumni reunion.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (1872-1896)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Finch, Adam T., 1872-1933","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1974.015"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Adam Finch Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Adam Finch Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Adam Finch Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Finch, Adam T., 1872-1933"],"creator_ssim":["Finch, Adam T., 1872-1933"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Finch, Adam T., 1872-1933"],"creators_ssim":["Finch, Adam T., 1872-1933"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Adam Finch Collection was donated to Special Collections in 1974."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Faculty and staff","Students and alumni","University History"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Faculty and staff","Students and alumni","University History"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.2 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.2 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"date_range_isim":[1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to research."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/collections/show/345\"\u003eSome of this collection has been digitized and is available online.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["Some of this collection has been digitized and is available online."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged by material type.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged by material type."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdam Tyree Finch was born c. 1873 in Chase City, Virginia. He attended the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College. While attending VAMC, Finch served as the business director of the Gray Jacket. After completing his degree in 1893, Finch entered the medical school at the University of Virginia. Following the completion of this degree, Finch took a job at the Polyclinic Hospital and Dispensary of New York City. Adam Finch returned to the VAMC, now the Virginia Polytechnic Institute, in 1898 taking the position of Professor of Military Science and Tactics and succeeded Lt. Shanks as Commandant of Cadets. He also served as an Assistant Professor of Physiology and Materia Medica. Finch married Miss Elizabeth Dinwiddie Morton on September 8, 1899 in Clarksville, Virginia. Finch left VPI in Spring of 1900. Adam Finch passed away in 1933.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Adam Tyree Finch was born c. 1873 in Chase City, Virginia. He attended the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College. While attending VAMC, Finch served as the business director of the Gray Jacket. After completing his degree in 1893, Finch entered the medical school at the University of Virginia. Following the completion of this degree, Finch took a job at the Polyclinic Hospital and Dispensary of New York City. Adam Finch returned to the VAMC, now the Virginia Polytechnic Institute, in 1898 taking the position of Professor of Military Science and Tactics and succeeded Lt. Shanks as Commandant of Cadets. He also served as an Assistant Professor of Physiology and Materia Medica. Finch married Miss Elizabeth Dinwiddie Morton on September 8, 1899 in Clarksville, Virginia. Finch left VPI in Spring of 1900. Adam Finch passed away in 1933."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Adam Finch Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Adam Finch Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Adam Finch Collection, Ms1974-015, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Adam Finch Collection, Ms1974-015, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement and description of the Adam Finch Collection was completed in July 2009.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement and description of the Adam Finch Collection was completed in July 2009."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee the \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/lib.vt.edu/repositories/2/resources/1756.oai_ead.xml\"\u003eAdam T. Finch Papers, Ms1990-022\u003c/a\u003e, also at VT Special Collections and University Archives.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Archival Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See the  Adam T. Finch Papers, Ms1990-022 , also at VT Special Collections and University Archives."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection consists of pages from a scrapbook including photographs and materials from Adam Finch's time attending the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College. Materials include invitations to Maury Literary Society events, the roll of Company A from 1893, football game ribbons, and disciplinary report responses. Also included are a letter of reference from President Barringer and a letter, written by Finch, about an alumni reunion.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Collection consists of pages from a scrapbook including photographs and materials from Adam Finch's time attending the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College. Materials include invitations to Maury Literary Society events, the roll of Company A from 1893, football game ribbons, and disciplinary report responses. Also included are a letter of reference from President Barringer and a letter, written by Finch, about an alumni reunion."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_4201f671ce92146a4a4396bebcad0935\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eAdam Tyree Finch graduated with the Class of 1893. Finch returned to VPI in 1898 to teach Military Science and Tactics. Finch also served as Commandant of Cadets and Assistant Professor of Physiology and Materia Medica before leaving VPI in Spring of 1900. This collection includes scrapbook pages containing photos and materials from Adam Finch's time as a cadet and VPI. Also included is a letter of recommendation from President Barringer and a letter written by Finch about an alumni reunion.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Adam Tyree Finch graduated with the Class of 1893. Finch returned to VPI in 1898 to teach Military Science and Tactics. Finch also served as Commandant of Cadets and Assistant Professor of Physiology and Materia Medica before leaving VPI in Spring of 1900. This collection includes scrapbook pages containing photos and materials from Adam Finch's time as a cadet and VPI. Also included is a letter of recommendation from President Barringer and a letter written by Finch about an alumni reunion."],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (1872-1896)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (1872-1896)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Finch, Adam T., 1872-1933"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (1872-1896)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)"],"persname_ssim":["Finch, Adam T., 1872-1933"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:38:15.658Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1302"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2237_c02","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Adams Express Company,","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2237_c02#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2237_c02","ref_ssm":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2237_c02"],"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2237_c02","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2237","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2237","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2237","parent_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2237","parent_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2237"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2237"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Norfolk \u0026 Western Financial Documents,"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Norfolk \u0026 Western Financial Documents,"],"text":["Norfolk \u0026 Western Financial Documents,","Adams Express Company,","box 1","folder 1"],"title_filing_ssi":"Adams Express Company,","title_ssm":["Adams Express Company,"],"title_tesim":["Adams Express Company,"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1893, 1896, 1907."],"normalized_date_ssm":["1893/1907"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Adams Express Company,"],"component_level_isim":[1],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"collection_ssim":["Norfolk \u0026 Western Financial Documents,"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"sort_isi":2,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"date_range_isim":[1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907],"containers_ssim":["box 1","folder 1"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1","timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:42:22.725Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2237","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2237","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2237","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2237","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2237.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Norfolk \u0026 Western Financial Documents","title_ssm":["Norfolk \u0026 Western Financial Documents,"],"title_tesim":["Norfolk \u0026 Western Financial Documents,"],"unitdate_ssm":["1882-1954","1884-1916"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1884-1916"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1882-1954"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2003.004"],"text":["Ms.2003.004","Norfolk \u0026 Western Financial Documents,","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Railroad","Collection is open for research.","Materials in the collection are arranged by company or subsidiary. Companies and subsidiaries are arranged in alphabetical order by name. Bills, invoices, and other financial documents are arranged chronologically within each company or subsidiary. ","Norfolk \u0026 Western Railway Company materials are arranged by month. Documents with bill numbers are arranged by bill number; Documents without bill numbers are arranged by date. Within each month, documents that have bill numbers are located before those that do not bill numbers.","The last folder in the collection contains documents that are not identified as belonging to a particular company or subsidiary. These documents are in chronological order.","The Norfolk \u0026 Western Railroad was organized in 1881 from the Atlantic, Mississippi, and Ohio Railroad. Primarily a line carrying agricultural products at its inception, the Norfolk and Western rapidly became associated with the mineral development of the southwestern part of Virginia and West Virginia. In 1881 it acquired the franchises to four other lines: the New River Railroad, the New River Railroad, Mining, and Manufacturing Company, the Bluestone Railroad, and the East River Railroad. These companies became the basis for Norfolk and Western's New River Division, which ran to the coalfields to the west.","Much of the early history of the Norfolk \u0026 Western Railway can be written in terms of expansion and consolidation with other lines. In 1890, it acquired the Shenandoah Valley Railroad, which ran from Roanoke, Virginia, to Hagerstown, Maryland. By 1891, an Ohio extension was well underway, giving the railroad access to the industrial Midwest. In 1892, Norfolk \u0026 Western Railroad leased the Roanoke and Southern Railroad, connecting Roanoke with Winston-Salem, North Carolina, and in 1893 it leased the Lynchburg and Durham, connecting Lynchburg with Durham, North Carolina. But this program of expansion, coupled with the economic depression of the 1890s, forced the railroad into receivership in 1895. It emerged as the reorganized Norfolk and Western Railway the next year.","Through expansion and various mergers, the Norfolk \u0026 Western Railway grew to become a major U.S. carrier, serving 14 states. The company manufactured steam locomotives at its own Roanoke Machine Works (established in Roanoke, Virginia in 1882), and among the railroad's affiliated holdings were several hotels (represented in this collection by the Bluefield Inn and the Hotel Roanoke). Among the company's larger merger acquisitions was the New York, Chicago and St. Louis Railroad--the \"Nickel Plate Road\"--in 1964.  In 1982, the Norfolk \u0026 Western Railway combined with the Southern Railway to form Norfolk Southern Corporation.","The guide to the Norfolk \u0026 Western Financial Documents by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Norfolk \u0026 Western Financial Documents commenced in October 2010 and was completed in December 2010.","Norfolk and Western Accounting Department Personnel Records, Ms92-058.  Finding aid  available on the Virginia Heritage database. ","Norfolk and Western Railway and Associated Companies Collection, Ms2009-037.  Finding aid  available on the Virginia Heritage database.","Chapman J. French Papers, Ms2009-034.  Finding aid  available on the Virginia Heritage database.","Virginia Tech's Imagebase contains more than 12,000 railroad-related images, many of which are associated with Norfolk and Western Railway (now Norfolk Southern Corporation) at  http://imagebase.lib.vt.edu/browse.php?folio_ID=/trans .  Please note:  Permission to published images belonging to NS Corp must be obtained from NS Corp. Contact Jennifer McDaid ( jennifer.mcdaid@nscorp.com ) for permission.","The collection contains bills, invoices, checks and other financial documents from Norfolk \u0026 Western Railroad, Norfolk \u0026 Western Railway, and several subsidiaries, contracted, and related companies. Companies include, but are not limited to: Adams Express Company, Bluefield Inn, Cincinnati Northern Railroad Company, Deepwater Railway Company, Hotel Roanoke, Maple Shade Inn, Roanoke Machine Works, Seaboard Air Line Railway Company, Southern Express Company, Southern States Dispatch, Tidewater Railway Company, Virginia Company, Virginia Holding Corporation, and Virginia, Tennessee, \u0026 Georgia Air Line-Fast Freight Line.","Please note: Wherever possible, materials are separated to the related company or subsidiary level. However, there is some overlap between individual companies and documents in the Norfolk \u0026 Western Railroad Company and Norfolk \u0026 Western Railway Company folders. ","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The collection contains bills and invoices from Norfolk \u0026 Western Railroad, Norfolk \u0026 Western Railway, and several subsidiaries and contracted companies.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Norfolk and Western Railway Company (1896-1982)","Roanoke Machine Works","Virginia, Tennessee and Georgia Air Line","Virginia Holding Corporation","Seaboard Air Line Railway Company","Maple Shade Inn Company (Pulaski, Va.)","Norfolk and Western Railroad Company (1881-1896)","Hotel Roanoke","Deepwater Railway Company (1898-1907)","Cincinnati Northern Railroad Company","Bluefield Inn (W. Va.)","Adams Express Company (1854-2015)","Tidewater Railway Company (1904-1907)","East Tennessee, Virginia, and Georgia Railway Company","Cumberland Valley Railroad Company","Aberdeen \u0026 Asheboro Railway Company","Southern States Dispatch","Southern Express Company","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2003.004"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Norfolk \u0026 Western Financial Documents,"],"collection_title_tesim":["Norfolk \u0026 Western Financial Documents,"],"collection_ssim":["Norfolk \u0026 Western Financial Documents,"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Norfolk \u0026 Western Financial Documents were purchased by Special Collections in 2003. An additional item was purchased in 2010."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Railroad"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Railroad"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2 Cubic Feet 4 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["2 Cubic Feet 4 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in the collection are arranged by company or subsidiary. Companies and subsidiaries are arranged in alphabetical order by name. Bills, invoices, and other financial documents are arranged chronologically within each company or subsidiary. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNorfolk \u0026amp; Western Railway Company materials are arranged by month. Documents with bill numbers are arranged by bill number; Documents without bill numbers are arranged by date. Within each month, documents that have bill numbers are located before those that do not bill numbers.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe last folder in the collection contains documents that are not identified as belonging to a particular company or subsidiary. These documents are in chronological order.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Materials in the collection are arranged by company or subsidiary. Companies and subsidiaries are arranged in alphabetical order by name. Bills, invoices, and other financial documents are arranged chronologically within each company or subsidiary. ","Norfolk \u0026 Western Railway Company materials are arranged by month. Documents with bill numbers are arranged by bill number; Documents without bill numbers are arranged by date. Within each month, documents that have bill numbers are located before those that do not bill numbers.","The last folder in the collection contains documents that are not identified as belonging to a particular company or subsidiary. These documents are in chronological order."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Norfolk \u0026amp; Western Railroad was organized in 1881 from the Atlantic, Mississippi, and Ohio Railroad. Primarily a line carrying agricultural products at its inception, the Norfolk and Western rapidly became associated with the mineral development of the southwestern part of Virginia and West Virginia. In 1881 it acquired the franchises to four other lines: the New River Railroad, the New River Railroad, Mining, and Manufacturing Company, the Bluestone Railroad, and the East River Railroad. These companies became the basis for Norfolk and Western's New River Division, which ran to the coalfields to the west.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMuch of the early history of the Norfolk \u0026amp; Western Railway can be written in terms of expansion and consolidation with other lines. In 1890, it acquired the Shenandoah Valley Railroad, which ran from Roanoke, Virginia, to Hagerstown, Maryland. By 1891, an Ohio extension was well underway, giving the railroad access to the industrial Midwest. In 1892, Norfolk \u0026amp; Western Railroad leased the Roanoke and Southern Railroad, connecting Roanoke with Winston-Salem, North Carolina, and in 1893 it leased the Lynchburg and Durham, connecting Lynchburg with Durham, North Carolina. But this program of expansion, coupled with the economic depression of the 1890s, forced the railroad into receivership in 1895. It emerged as the reorganized Norfolk and Western Railway the next year.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThrough expansion and various mergers, the Norfolk \u0026amp; Western Railway grew to become a major U.S. carrier, serving 14 states. The company manufactured steam locomotives at its own Roanoke Machine Works (established in Roanoke, Virginia in 1882), and among the railroad's affiliated holdings were several hotels (represented in this collection by the Bluefield Inn and the Hotel Roanoke). Among the company's larger merger acquisitions was the New York, Chicago and St. Louis Railroad--the \"Nickel Plate Road\"--in 1964.  In 1982, the Norfolk \u0026amp; Western Railway combined with the Southern Railway to form Norfolk Southern Corporation.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Norfolk \u0026 Western Railroad was organized in 1881 from the Atlantic, Mississippi, and Ohio Railroad. Primarily a line carrying agricultural products at its inception, the Norfolk and Western rapidly became associated with the mineral development of the southwestern part of Virginia and West Virginia. In 1881 it acquired the franchises to four other lines: the New River Railroad, the New River Railroad, Mining, and Manufacturing Company, the Bluestone Railroad, and the East River Railroad. These companies became the basis for Norfolk and Western's New River Division, which ran to the coalfields to the west.","Much of the early history of the Norfolk \u0026 Western Railway can be written in terms of expansion and consolidation with other lines. In 1890, it acquired the Shenandoah Valley Railroad, which ran from Roanoke, Virginia, to Hagerstown, Maryland. By 1891, an Ohio extension was well underway, giving the railroad access to the industrial Midwest. In 1892, Norfolk \u0026 Western Railroad leased the Roanoke and Southern Railroad, connecting Roanoke with Winston-Salem, North Carolina, and in 1893 it leased the Lynchburg and Durham, connecting Lynchburg with Durham, North Carolina. But this program of expansion, coupled with the economic depression of the 1890s, forced the railroad into receivership in 1895. It emerged as the reorganized Norfolk and Western Railway the next year.","Through expansion and various mergers, the Norfolk \u0026 Western Railway grew to become a major U.S. carrier, serving 14 states. The company manufactured steam locomotives at its own Roanoke Machine Works (established in Roanoke, Virginia in 1882), and among the railroad's affiliated holdings were several hotels (represented in this collection by the Bluefield Inn and the Hotel Roanoke). Among the company's larger merger acquisitions was the New York, Chicago and St. Louis Railroad--the \"Nickel Plate Road\"--in 1964.  In 1982, the Norfolk \u0026 Western Railway combined with the Southern Railway to form Norfolk Southern Corporation."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Norfolk \u0026amp; Western Financial Documents by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Norfolk \u0026 Western Financial Documents by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Norfolk \u0026amp; Western Financial Documents, Ms2003-004, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Norfolk \u0026 Western Financial Documents, Ms2003-004, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Norfolk \u0026amp; Western Financial Documents commenced in October 2010 and was completed in December 2010.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Norfolk \u0026 Western Financial Documents commenced in October 2010 and was completed in December 2010."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNorfolk and Western Accounting Department Personnel Records, Ms92-058. \u003ca href=\"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vt/viblbv00066.xml\" show=\"new\" title=\"Finding aid\"\u003eFinding aid\u003c/a\u003e available on the Virginia Heritage database. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNorfolk and Western Railway and Associated Companies Collection, Ms2009-037. \u003ca href=\"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vt/viblbv00372.xml\" show=\"new\" title=\"Finding aid\"\u003eFinding aid\u003c/a\u003e available on the Virginia Heritage database.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eChapman J. French Papers, Ms2009-034. \u003ca href=\"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vt/viblbv00369.xml\" show=\"new\" title=\"Finding aid\"\u003eFinding aid\u003c/a\u003e available on the Virginia Heritage database.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eVirginia Tech's Imagebase contains more than 12,000 railroad-related images, many of which are associated with Norfolk and Western Railway (now Norfolk Southern Corporation) at \u003ca href=\"http://imagebase.lib.vt.edu/browse.php?folio_ID=/trans\" show=\"new\" title=\"http://imagebase.lib.vt.edu/browse.php?folio_ID=/trans\"\u003ehttp://imagebase.lib.vt.edu/browse.php?folio_ID=/trans\u003c/a\u003e. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003ePlease note:\u003c/emph\u003e Permission to published images belonging to NS Corp must be obtained from NS Corp. Contact Jennifer McDaid (\u003ca href=\"mailto:jennifer.mcdaid@nscorp.com\"\u003ejennifer.mcdaid@nscorp.com\u003c/a\u003e) for permission.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Archival Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Norfolk and Western Accounting Department Personnel Records, Ms92-058.  Finding aid  available on the Virginia Heritage database. ","Norfolk and Western Railway and Associated Companies Collection, Ms2009-037.  Finding aid  available on the Virginia Heritage database.","Chapman J. French Papers, Ms2009-034.  Finding aid  available on the Virginia Heritage database.","Virginia Tech's Imagebase contains more than 12,000 railroad-related images, many of which are associated with Norfolk and Western Railway (now Norfolk Southern Corporation) at  http://imagebase.lib.vt.edu/browse.php?folio_ID=/trans .  Please note:  Permission to published images belonging to NS Corp must be obtained from NS Corp. Contact Jennifer McDaid ( jennifer.mcdaid@nscorp.com ) for permission."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains bills, invoices, checks and other financial documents from Norfolk \u0026amp; Western Railroad, Norfolk \u0026amp; Western Railway, and several subsidiaries, contracted, and related companies. Companies include, but are not limited to: Adams Express Company, Bluefield Inn, Cincinnati Northern Railroad Company, Deepwater Railway Company, Hotel Roanoke, Maple Shade Inn, Roanoke Machine Works, Seaboard Air Line Railway Company, Southern Express Company, Southern States Dispatch, Tidewater Railway Company, Virginia Company, Virginia Holding Corporation, and Virginia, Tennessee, \u0026amp; Georgia Air Line-Fast Freight Line.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePlease note: Wherever possible, materials are separated to the related company or subsidiary level. However, there is some overlap between individual companies and documents in the Norfolk \u0026amp; Western Railroad Company and Norfolk \u0026amp; Western Railway Company folders. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains bills, invoices, checks and other financial documents from Norfolk \u0026 Western Railroad, Norfolk \u0026 Western Railway, and several subsidiaries, contracted, and related companies. Companies include, but are not limited to: Adams Express Company, Bluefield Inn, Cincinnati Northern Railroad Company, Deepwater Railway Company, Hotel Roanoke, Maple Shade Inn, Roanoke Machine Works, Seaboard Air Line Railway Company, Southern Express Company, Southern States Dispatch, Tidewater Railway Company, Virginia Company, Virginia Holding Corporation, and Virginia, Tennessee, \u0026 Georgia Air Line-Fast Freight Line.","Please note: Wherever possible, materials are separated to the related company or subsidiary level. However, there is some overlap between individual companies and documents in the Norfolk \u0026 Western Railroad Company and Norfolk \u0026 Western Railway Company folders. "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_9e8939ed28576b903a32c52b27e61589\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection contains bills and invoices from Norfolk \u0026amp; Western Railroad, Norfolk \u0026amp; Western Railway, and several subsidiaries and contracted companies.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection contains bills and invoices from Norfolk \u0026 Western Railroad, Norfolk \u0026 Western Railway, and several subsidiaries and contracted companies."],"names_coll_ssim":["Norfolk and Western Railway Company (1896-1982)","Roanoke Machine Works","Virginia, Tennessee and Georgia Air Line","Virginia Holding Corporation","Seaboard Air Line Railway Company","Maple Shade Inn Company (Pulaski, Va.)","Norfolk and Western Railroad Company (1881-1896)","Hotel Roanoke","Deepwater Railway Company (1898-1907)","Cincinnati Northern Railroad Company","Bluefield Inn (W. Va.)","Adams Express Company (1854-2015)","Tidewater Railway Company (1904-1907)","East Tennessee, Virginia, and Georgia Railway Company","Cumberland Valley Railroad Company","Aberdeen \u0026 Asheboro Railway Company","Southern States Dispatch","Southern Express Company"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Norfolk and Western Railway Company (1896-1982)","Roanoke Machine Works","Virginia, Tennessee and Georgia Air Line","Virginia Holding Corporation","Seaboard Air Line Railway Company","Maple Shade Inn Company (Pulaski, Va.)","Norfolk and Western Railroad Company (1881-1896)","Hotel Roanoke","Deepwater Railway Company (1898-1907)","Cincinnati Northern Railroad Company","Bluefield Inn (W. Va.)","Adams Express Company (1854-2015)","Tidewater Railway Company (1904-1907)","East Tennessee, Virginia, and Georgia Railway Company","Cumberland Valley Railroad Company","Aberdeen \u0026 Asheboro Railway Company","Southern States Dispatch","Southern Express Company"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Norfolk and Western Railway Company (1896-1982)","Roanoke Machine Works","Virginia, Tennessee and Georgia Air Line","Virginia Holding Corporation","Seaboard Air Line Railway Company","Maple Shade Inn Company (Pulaski, Va.)","Norfolk and Western Railroad Company (1881-1896)","Hotel Roanoke","Deepwater Railway Company (1898-1907)","Cincinnati Northern Railroad Company","Bluefield Inn (W. Va.)","Adams Express Company (1854-2015)","Tidewater Railway Company (1904-1907)","East Tennessee, Virginia, and Georgia Railway Company","Cumberland Valley Railroad Company","Aberdeen \u0026 Asheboro Railway Company","Southern States Dispatch","Southern Express Company"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":50,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:42:22.725Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2237_c02"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2027_c08","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Addendum of 2011/10/28","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2027_c08#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eAddendum includes:\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2027_c08#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2027_c08","ref_ssm":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2027_c08"],"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2027_c08","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2027","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2027","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2027","parent_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2027","parent_ssim":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2027"],"parent_ids_ssim":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2027"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Fabricius A. Cather, Soldier, Civil War Diaries"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Fabricius A. Cather, Soldier, Civil War Diaries"],"text":["Fabricius A. Cather, Soldier, Civil War Diaries","Addendum of 2011/10/28","Addendum includes:","Two copies of images of Fabricius A. Cather, both scanned from original photographs: 1.) portrait of Cather in dress uniform as a Union Officer during the war, ca. 1864; 2.) portrait of Cather in civilian clothes, ca. 1868. These can be found on West Virginia History OnView.","Two copies of Cather's military service papers: 1.) commission as a major in U. S. Army and 2.) discharge from the army.","Photocopies of Cather's 1873 Kansas Land Grant, and information regarding Cather family burial plots in Kansas.","Information documenting Cather family history and genealogical charts."],"title_filing_ssi":"Addendum of 2011/10/28","title_ssm":["Addendum of 2011/10/28"],"title_tesim":["Addendum of 2011/10/28"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1864-1960"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1864/1960"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Addendum of 2011/10/28"],"component_level_isim":[1],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"collection_ssim":["Fabricius A. Cather, Soldier, Civil War Diaries"],"extent_ssm":["0.08 Linear Feet 1 in. (7 folders; 1 rolled chart)"],"extent_tesim":["0.08 Linear Feet 1 in. (7 folders; 1 rolled chart)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":8,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["No special access restriction applies."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"date_range_isim":[1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAddendum includes:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo copies of images of Fabricius A. Cather, both scanned from original photographs: 1.) portrait of Cather in dress uniform as a Union Officer during the war, ca. 1864; 2.) portrait of Cather in civilian clothes, ca. 1868. These can be found on West Virginia History OnView.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo copies of Cather's military service papers: 1.) commission as a major in U. S. Army and 2.) discharge from the army.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotocopies of Cather's 1873 Kansas Land Grant, and information regarding Cather family burial plots in Kansas.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInformation documenting Cather family history and genealogical charts.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Addendum includes:","Two copies of images of Fabricius A. Cather, both scanned from original photographs: 1.) portrait of Cather in dress uniform as a Union Officer during the war, ca. 1864; 2.) portrait of Cather in civilian clothes, ca. 1868. These can be found on West Virginia History OnView.","Two copies of Cather's military service papers: 1.) commission as a major in U. S. Army and 2.) discharge from the army.","Photocopies of Cather's 1873 Kansas Land Grant, and information regarding Cather family burial plots in Kansas.","Information documenting Cather family history and genealogical charts."],"_nest_path_":"/components#7","timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:43:31.513Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2027","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2027","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2027","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2027","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_2027.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/196155","title_ssm":["Fabricius A. Cather, Soldier, Civil War Diaries"],"title_tesim":["Fabricius A. Cather, Soldier, Civil War Diaries"],"unitdate_ssm":["1860-ca. 1960","1860-1865"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1860-1865"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1860-ca. 1960"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 3633","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2027"],"text":["A\u0026M 3633","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2027","Fabricius A. Cather, Soldier, Civil War Diaries","Taylor County (W. Va.)","Civil War -- Appomattox","Civil War battles.","Civil War --  War diaries","Civil War -- Military discharge","Civil War -- Home Guards","Civil War --  Mosby's Rangers","Civil War - Shenandoah Valley Campaign, 1864 (August-November)","Civil War - Union soldiers - West Virginia.","Civil War - Valley Expedition.","Civil War - West Virginia 1st Cavalry.","Civil War battles - Cedar Creek.","Civil War battles - Corrick's Ford.","Civil War battles - Jones' Raid.","Civil War battles - Rich Mountain.","Civil War battles - Sailors Creek.","West Virginia - Wheeling Conventions of 1861-1863.","No special access restriction applies.","Fabricius Augustus Cather was born on May 12, 1840 in Harrison County, Virginia, but he called Flemington, West Virginia home. His occupation was farming and raising cattle, before and after the war. Cather's style of writing and his vocabulary indicates he probably had received an education beyond the basic public school curriculum of the times. He followed his family into the political fray of the early 1860s against secession with a determination to save the Union, and to separate from Virginia to create the state of West Virginia. Thomas Cather, F.A.'s father, was elected a state senator in 1861, representing the counties of Taylor, Monongalia, and Preston in the Restored Government of Virginia.","Political activity spilled into military action when F.A. Cather volunteered for the Grafton Guards Militia in the spring of 1861 to protect his home from the \"arms of secessionists.\" He served with the rank of First Lieutenant of Company B as his unit was sworn into the US Army in May, 1861. After his involvement in early battles and skirmishes in western Virginia, Cather's health failed and he was forced to resign from the US Army for two years. He still remained active in local politics and the militia, dealing with Rebel cavalry and guerrilla raids. Cather reenlisted in the US Army in February 1864 and was assigned to the First West Virginia Cavalry, Company K, returning to the rank of First Lieutenant. He was soon in charge of the company and later promoted to captain. Cather and his command were engaged in the last major eastern campaigns of the war, including the Shenandoah Valley, the breaking of the siege lines at Petersburg, and the pursuit of Lee's Army to Appomattox.","F.A. Cather received an honorable discharge as a Major in July, 1865. He married Helen V. Mallonee in August 1865 and had four children. Fabricius Augustus Cather died of illness in October, 1876.","This collection contains seven volumes, six of which are the original diaries authored by Fabricius A. Cather, documenting the years 1860-1865; the seventh is a manuscript copy of the original 1864 and 1865 diaries (which are in the collection) that were transcribed by Thomas H. Cather, his son, in 1904. There is a minor discrepancy between the original diary and the transcript involving the entries of March 8, 9, and 10, 1865. Although the original contains entries for each of these days, the transcript does not. All references to Helen V. Mallonee, his future wife, are in code or \"cipher\" in the original diaries of 1864 and 1865, perhaps due to the Confederate sympathies of her family. These coded passages are deciphered in the transcript. They were married in August, 1865.","Statistics regarding casualties, and captured arms, livestock, and military property are recorded for most of the battles. Narratives of events regarding the surrender at Appomattox and the Grand Army of the Republic passing in review in Washington D.C. close the series. Other subjects and events prominent in the diaries are: elections, secession, treason, illness and disease, family, friends, the Cather's farm, travel, church and social events, scouting, guerrillas, retaliation, and the stealing, burning, and destruction of property; locations include: Grafton, Bridgeport, Wheeling, Corricks Ford, Cheat Mountain, Martinsburg, Winchester, Cedar Creek, Front Royal, New Market, Lexington, Lynchburg, Charlottesville, Richmond, Five Forks and Saylor's Creek, among others.","Although most diary entries are one or two sentences in length, some entries in 1864 and 1865 are longer, perhaps due to Cather's full involvement in combat.","Index to Volume 1:","1860/1/1-18; Listing of names and addresses","1860/2/18; Cure for warts - \"The bark of a willow tree burnt to ashes and mixed with strong vinegar and applied warts\"","1860/4/6; F.A.C. attended the wake of Mrs. Elizabeth Hustead, \"consort of James Hustead\"","1860/4/7; F.A.C. attended \"the burying of Mrs. Hustead\"","1860/4/23-26; F.A.C. traveled to Smithfield, Pennsylvania to move his brother and his family","1860/4/28; F.A.C. went to Bridgeport with his father and friends for the Regimental Muster","1860/7/30; Cather worked on court ordered plats with his cousin Lydia","1860/8/1-2; Continued to work on plats and visit friends","1860/8/3; Went to Pruntytown and \"brought out the brass instruments for the Flemington Band\"","1860/8/7; Left for Annapolis, Maryland","1860/8/8; Cather reached Annapolis at 11:00 AM and took passage on the Great Eastern Steamship, \"a magnificent ship\" which carried 10,000 people to Baltimore","1860/8/9; Toured Baltimore including the Washington Monument and left for home","1860/8/10; Arrived in Grafton, and walked to Pruntytown where court was still in session","1860/8/11; F.A.C. went with his father to buy cattle and was not with the Band \"as usual\"","1860/8/12; Church and dinner with friends","1860/8/15-18; Harvested and stacked hay","1860/8/20; F.A.C. left home for the \"Great West\" by train","1860/8/22; Arrived in Sullivan and then Mattoon, Illinois and stayed with friends","1860/8/23; Attended a [Stephen] Douglas Mass Meeting regarding the pending presidential election, F.A.C. witnessed a fireworks display, confusion and some fights","1860/8/24-29; F.A.C. continued to visit friends and argue politics in Sullivan","1860/8/30; Saw many \"Va. Friends\" in Sullivan, \"pulled a tooth for Leon's wife\", \"took dinner\" with friends. Cather writes \". . . in town politics very high\"","1860/9/2; Argued politics from 7 to 9 PM","1860/9/3; Started for Chicago and arrived by 8 PM; viewed Lake Michigan by moonlight","1860/9/4-12; Crossed the Mississippi River into Burlington, Iowa, continued to New Virginia, Iowa and J.B. Read's home (F.A.C.'s sister and brother-in-law, Emily and John Read)","1860/9/24; Attended a \"taffy - pull -- considerable fun\"","1860/10/4-5; Left New Virginia journeyed to Bloomfield (Illinois?) and attended a Douglas Camp meeting where there was \"plenty of whiskey afloat\"","1860/10/6-21; Walked 31 miles to Memphis, continued to Greensburg and visited several friends","1860/10/22-26; Traveled with J.W. Roe to LaGrange by buggy and witnessed several campaign speeches by representatives for the presidential candidates Bell, Breckinridge and Douglas","1860/10/27-28; Sick with chicken pox","1860/10/30-31; Left La Grange on board the steamship, \"Hannibal City\", stopped at St. Louis","1860/11/1-5; Continued to enjoy an excursion down the Mississippi River to Cairo, and turned up the Ohio River to Paducah, New Albany and Louisville","1860/11/6; Arrived in Cincinnati; Cather reports the presidential election results, \"Abraham Lincoln Elected President and Hannibal Hamlin Vice Pres.\"","1860/11/7-12; Enjoyed Cincinnati, left for Parkersburg and visited friends before starting for home, arrived in Flemington on the 12th","1860/11/26; Cather reported the \"Union men attempts to hold a Mass Meeting, but are broken up by the Disunionists -- \" lead by M.H. Johnson and G.H. Hansbrough","1860/12/3; F.A.C. went to Pruntytown for a \"Union Mass Meeting\". He reported \"Quite an excitement on Ellery M. Hall being called on to speak -- \" The Disunionists countered with Moses J. Robinet of Grafton","1860/12/22; F.A.C. attended a \"Disunion Meeting\" in Pruntytown, where he heard several speeches in favor of disunion including those delivered by G.W. Hansbrough, M.H. Johnson, E.J. Armstrong, and W. J. Kemble","Index to Volume 2:","1861/1/4; F.A.C. noted the day was a National Day of Prayer and Fasting as proclaimed by President Buchanan","1861/1/18; Attended a political meeting in Flemington regarding the choice of a union man as delegate for the State Convention. Cather emphasized, \"if he could be elected\"; John Burdette was chosen","1861/2/4; Unionist John Burdette elected to represent Taylor County at the State Convention, defeating \"Secessionist\" Hansbrough","1861/4/17; F.A.C. recorded the passing of the Ordinance of Secession by the Virginia Convention","1861/4/22; Cather witnessed John Carlyle's speech pertaining to his motion to the split of Virginia, creating a new state","1861/4/29-30; In Morgantown F.A.C. joined Colonel Jonathan Heck for tea and stayed until after dinner the next day","1861/5/6; Went to Fairmont with father to hear several speakers including Francis Pierpont, E. Hall, J. Burdette and Moses Tichnell","1861/5/8; Attended a union meeting in Flemington, where \"a company of union volunteers give in their names . . .\"","1861/5/9; F.A.C. sent as messenger to Flemington and Fairview to warn citizens of the \"secession troops\"; this created \"quite an excitement\"","1861/5/10; Went to Grafton, where \"people are also determined to fight secessionists\"","1861/5/13; A portion of the Volunteer Company held rifle and revolver practice","1861/5/14; F.A.C. went to Flemington to receive the daily intelligence, giving an account of the West Virginia Convention","1861/5/18; After he attended company muster at Flemington, F.A.C. heard the \"arms for secessionists\" were moving from Bridgeport to Pruntytown, he made an effort to have them stopped; he was \"up all night\"","1861/5/19; F.A.C. stayed out in the woods all day with 20 others and watched for \"secession arms\"","1861/5/20; Cather joined the Volunteer Company at Grafton for three months with the rank of First Lieutenant","1861/5/22; In Grafton, Cather watched as the \"secession troops marched through\", being received with hissing and groans by the citizens","1861/5/23; Statewide election regarding the Virginia Ordinance of Secession, Cather went to Grafton to view the body of Sergeant T. B. [Thornbury Bailey] Brown, killed by the secessionists the night of the 22nd","1861/5/25; F.A.C.'s company was mustered into the United State Army at Wheeling","1861/5/27; Cather commanded forces guarding the Wheeling Railroad Depot during Captain Latham's absence","1861/6/3-4; F.A.C. noted the Battle of Philippi, the wounding of Colonel Kelly and listed the casualty, captured livestock and equipment figures","1861/6/22; Cather's unit moved to Mannington","1861/6/27; F.A.C. reported to Generals McClellan and Morris to give information regarding the roads and the layout of the region","1861/6/29; Elections for new reformed state government of Virginia, F.A.C.'s father, Thomas Cather was elected state senator for Taylor, Monongalia and Preston Counties","1861/7/5; F.A.C. reported a friendly fire incident seriously wounding a soldier","1861/7/6; Army marched to Philippi","1861/7/7; Cather's brigade was General Morris' Rear Body Guard in all night march; fighting began at 9 AM with \"heavy skirmishing with the Rebels\"","1861/7/8; All night fighting and in the evening the Union forces gave the Rebels a \"tremendous raking\" with grape shot","1861/7/9; Artillery battle continued","1861/7/10; Fighting slowed, but Cather reported \"a great deal of reconnoitering\" and commented on the his splendid view of the enemy's camp","1861/7/12; Spies reported the Rebels had pulled out and the Union forces pursued them","1861/7/13; Continued to chase the Rebels across Cheat Mountain under terrible conditions; Federals overtake and defeat the Rebels at Corricks Ford; Cather listed the number of captured arms, equipment and casualties, including Confederate General Robert Garnett, killed in action","1861/7/14; F.A.C. assigned to bury a member of General Garnett's bodyguard, killed with his general; Cather wrote he carried out his orders \". . . as decently as possible\", this included a touching inscription over the boy's grave","1861/7/15; Army crossed the Cheat River for 8th time in two days, returned to camp at Ellicott's","1861/7/16; Army spent the day collecting captured \"property\" of the rebels","1861/7/20; F.A.C. traveled to Beverly and \"took\" supper at General McClellan's quarters","1861/8/5; Cather's outfit moved to Camp Bealington [Belington], assigned as scouts for the area","1861/8/6-12; Cather gathered information regarding secesh activity, scouted the area, and made arrests","1861/8/13; F.A.C. became very ill with symptoms of Typhoid Fever","1861/8/26; F.A.C. attended his home church witnessed \"an exciting debate. . . \" regarding the introduction of politics into religious matters.\"","1861/8/27; F.A.C. called to testify in US [United States] Court against \"certain characters\" charged with treason","1861/9/13; Cather took a squad and destroyed all the liquor they could find","1861/9/15-19; Noted the passing of several units of infantry and artillery as they moved toward Cheat Mountain","1861/10/1- 25; Cather's unit continued assignment of policing and scouting the area","1861/10/26; F.A.C. heard reports to expect renewed fighting at Cheat Mountain with General Lee leading the Rebels","1861/11/26-12/5; F.A.C. nursed a sick friend and soldier, John D. Powell and became ill; Powell moved to E.R. Douglas' house, December 5th","1861/12/6-24; In camp at Bealington [Belington] and visited friends","1861/12/24-31; Visited his family, both parents and F.A.C. were ill","There are 6 items stored in the pockets of Volume 3:","1. 1862 pocket calendar","2. General Order Number 11, February 10, 1862, regarding the examination of officers","3. Business card for Augustus Pollack, Foreign and Domestic Goods, Wheeling","4. Business card for John T. Lakin, Merchant and Taylor, Wheeling","5. Business Card for Cutaiar \u0026 Batchelder, Cigars, Cincinnati, Ohio","6. Army pass from Headquarters, Clarksburg, January 31, 1862","Index to Volume 3:","1863/1/2; President Lincoln signed the bill admitting West Virginia in to the Union","1863/1/3; F.A.C. read the Emancipation Proclamation","1863/1/13; Wrote Governor Pierpont regarding the stealing of horses by rebel guerillas","1863/2/8-14; Took cattle to Baltimore on train to sell, made stops enroute in Cumberland and Martinsburg","1863/2/15; Visited Washington DC, sat in the gallery during a both Senate and House session","1863/2/25; Cather heard that John Righter's guerillas (Confederate) were in the area","1863/3/5; While in Wheeling, F.A.C. \"attending to business\" with Governor Pierpont and A.G. Henry Samuels","1863/3/26; Voted on the ratification of the Willey Amendment to the Constitution of West Virginia","1863/4/15-16; F.A.C. acted as guide with the 6th Virginia Regiment to \"hunt the Rebel horse thieves\"","1863/4/25; Heard of the defeat of Colonel Latham by the Rebels at Beverly","1863/4/27; F.A.C. helped to put \"out the 119th Regiment\" and sent out scouts for Colonel Mulligan","1863/4/30; \"Our troops\" driven out of Bridgeport by the Rebels","1863/5/1; With the militia, started for the \"rebel camp ground at David Coplin's\"","1863/5/2; F.A.C. \"played the secesh\" to obtain information","1863/5/3; Rebels at Bealington [Belington]","1863/5/5-8; Cather busy with duties as the Acting Assistant Adjudant General of the Virginia Militia,","1863/5/9; Rebels headed south and the militia disbanded","1863/5/28; West Virginia's first state election for county and state offices","1863/5/30; Election results, regarding state and county offices, \"the rebel copperheads\" won some county offices and the Union party won state offices","1863/6/7; Friends from Gilmer County, refuged to the Cather home, forced out by Rebel guerillas","1863/6/15; The governor called out the militia and President Lincoln sent 100,000 troops to deal with rebel invasion","1863/6/20; Arthur Boreman inaugurated governor of West Virginia","1863/7/9; F.A.C. heard \"good news from the Army of the Potomac, Meade pursues Lee\"","1863/8/27; Cather reports 150 mules taken by the rebels","1863/10/1; F.A.C. placed ad for \"correspondence with young lady . . .\"","1863/10/2-8; Sick","1863/10/9; Showed Mr. Mallonee some timber","1863/10/11; F.A.C. addressed a note to \"H.V.M.\" (Helen V. Mallonee)","1863/10/21; Seized some \"treasonable circulars\"","1863/10/22; State elections for United States Congress and State legislature","1863/11/15; Attended funeral of Sergeant Francis Marion Brohan, killed at Williamsport","1863/11/26; Cather reported the defeat of Confederate General Bragg in Tennessee","There are 5 items stored in the pockets of Volume 4:","1. Business card for Parker House, Board $1.00 per day, Laporte, Indiana","2. Paper, side one, List of Quartermaster Stores issued to Lieutenant Cather at Beverly, Virginia, September 23, 1861; side two, Bill of goods for Miss M.J. Cather of Flemington, Taylor County","3. Paper with accounts listed regarding cattle sales","4. Minutes of a church meeting, F.A. Cather, Secretary, May 31, 1862","5. Small piece of paper with directions to \"Madison\"","Index to Volume 4:","1863/1/2; President Lincoln signed the bill admitting West Virginia in to the Union","1863/1/3; F.A.C. read the Emancipation Proclamation","1863/1/13; Wrote Governor Pierpont regarding the stealing of horses by rebel guerillas","1863/2/8-14; Took cattle to Baltimore on train to sell, made stops enroute in Cumberland and Martinsburg","1863/2/15; Visited Washington DC, sat in the gallery during a both Senate and House session","1863/2/25; Cather heard that John Righter's guerillas (Confederate) were in the area","1863/3/5; While in Wheeling, F.A.C. \"attending to business\" with Governor Pierpont and A.G. Henry Samuels","1863/3/26; Voted on the ratification of the Willey Amendment to the Constitution of West Virginia","1863/4/15-16; F.A.C. acted as guide with the 6th Virginia Regiment to \"hunt the Rebel horse thieves\"","1863/4/25; Heard of the defeat of Colonel Latham by the Rebels at Beverly","1863/4/27; F.A.C. helped to put \"out the 119th Regiment\" and sent out scouts for Colonel Mulligan","1863/4/30; \"Our troops\" driven out of Bridgeport by the Rebels","1863/5/1; With the militia, started for the \"rebel camp ground at David Coplin's\"","1863/5/2; F.A.C. \"played the secesh\" to obtain information","1863/5/3; Rebels at Bealington [Belington]","1863/5/5-8; Cather busy with duties as the Acting Assistant Adjudant General of the Virginia Militia,","1863/5/9; Rebels headed south and the militia disbanded","1863/5/28; West Virginia's first state election for county and state offices","1863/5/30; Election results, regarding state and county offices, \"the rebel copperheads\" won some county offices and the Union party won state offices","1863/6/7; Friends from Gilmer County, refuged to the Cather home, forced out by Rebel guerillas","1863/6/15; The governor called out the militia and President Lincoln sent 100,000 troops to deal with rebel invasion","1863/6/20; Arthur Boreman inaugurated governor of West Virginia","1863/7/9; F.A.C. heard \"good news from the Army of the Potomac, Meade pursues Lee\"","1863/8/27; Cather reports 150 mules taken by the rebels","1863/10/1; F.A.C. placed ad for \"correspondence with young lady . . .\"","1863/10/2-8; Sick","1863/10/9; Showed Mr. Mallonee some timber","1863/10/11; F.A.C. addressed a note to \"H.V.M.\" (Helen V. Mallonee)","1863/10/21; Seized some \"treasonable circulars\"","1863/10/22; State elections for United States Congress and State legislature","1863/11/15; Attended funeral of Sergeant Francis Marion Brohan, killed at Williamsport","1863/11/26; Cather reported the defeat of Confederate General Bragg in Tennessee","There are 5 items stored in the pockets of Volume 5:","1. Yellow ribbon with print, \"AOP [ Army of the Potomac] Cavalry Corps\"","2. Return to duty pass for Union Private John Steward of Company K, 1st Regiment of Virginia Cavalry, October 18, 1864","3. Pass to allow Lieutenant F.A. Cather through the lines, Beverly, Virginia, November 10, 1861","4. Pass for Lieutenant F.A. Cather, Headquarters, Clarksburg, signed by \"N. Goff\", October 6, 1861","5. Complimentary pass to the \"NorthWestern Virginia Convention\", June 6, 1861; on the back is written \"Lieut. Cather\"","Index to Volume 5:","1864/1/1-3; F.A.C.'s father very ill, doctor prescribed \"McMunn's Elixir of Opium\"","1864/1/4; F.A.C. visited Helen V. Mallonee; his father's condition improved","1864/1/9-28; His father relapsed, the doctors attended and medication prescribed are no help, later Mr. Cather improved with a new medicine from Dr. Fahmey of in Boonsboro, Maryland","1864/1/21; Attended a \"school meeting\" with his brother; a pledge was signed by the \"subscribers\" to \"build and put into operation, an institution of learning\"","1864/1/30; F.A.C. and his brother, Flavius attended a meeting of \"subscribers of West Virginia College\"","1864/2/12; F.A.C. reenlisted in the United States Army at Wheeling","1864/3/10; General Sigel arrived in Wheeling and was \"out welcomed by General Tom Thumb\"","1864/3/13; Cather's unit left for Martinsburg","1864/3/15-20; Arrived in Martinsburg and drilled","1864/3/26; F.A.C. remembers the day as Helen V. Mallonee's 20th birthday","1864/3/27; Cather appointed Judge Advocate for Court Martial duty","1864/5/7; Detailed to take charge of mail line between Martinsburg and Sigel's headquarters","1864/5/8; Met a New York Herald reporter","1864/5/9-10; Army moved from Winchester to Cedar Creek, headquarters established at Cooley's mansion, where F.A.C. discovers several documents with Founding Fathers' signatures","1864/5/11; Rebel Cavalry scouting, some were captured","1864/5/15; After leaving Woodstock, Union forces engaged Rebel Army of General Breckinridge at New Market, F.A.C.'s horse shot out from under him in this Rebel victory, Cather recorded casualties and army property losses","1864/5/16; Army retreated to Cedar Creek","1864/5/17; F.A.C. reported General Sigel unwell","1864/5/22; General David Hunter replaced Fran Sigel as commander of the Department of West Virginia, troops expressed sorrow over Sigel's departure","1864/5/24; Hunter ordered three houses in Newton burned in retaliation for the murder of four Union teamsters","1864/5/26; While marching south, Hunter ordered a \"splendid house near Strasburg\" to be burned","1864/5/29; Camped at Rude's Hill, F.A.C. visited the wounded left, \"in Rebel hands\" at New Market","1864/6/2; After skirmishing with Imboden, Hunter headquartered at Harrisonburg with \"loyal citizens\", Cather commented the area had \"quite a number of loyal citizens\"","1864/6/4; Destroyed two woolen factories","1864/6/5; Fought and defeated Imboden and Jones. General Grumble Jones killed, Cather listed the number of casualties and claimed the federal artillery fired 3500 rounds","1864/6/6; Entered Staunton, a target of the campaign with \"pomp and circumstance\" included bands playing, Rebel prisoners jailed in a prison built by the Confederates for Union prisoners, F.A.C. roomed at the American Hotel with Lieutenant John Megis","1864/6/8; Cather on Provost Duty; examined the \"Wesleyan Female Col. Institute. . . Rather an unpleasant task\"","1864/6/9-10; Seized, burned and destroyed considerable \"C.S. property\", including flour mills","1864/6/11; Army moved to Lexington, the town was shelled before entered, F.A.C. visited VMI [Virginia Military Institute]","1864/6/12; F.A.C. recorded houses searched, property seized, VMI [Virginia Military Institute] magazine along with a few professors' houses and Governor Letcher's house were burned; the army camped on the Washington College Green, Cather commented Washington College \"was the place of Dr. George Junkin's persecution and from where he was driven in 1861\"","1864/6/14-15; Marched to Buchanan in Botetourt County, \"intensely rebel\"; the command left Buchanan, and crossed the Blue Ridge, camped near Liberty","1864/6/16; After destroying railroads, marched south, heavy fighting erupted outside of Lynchburg, Union troops forced to retreat","1864/6/17-23; Army fell back to Buford's Gap, engaged in continuous fight with Mc Clausland, including at Catawba Mountain, continued to retreat over the mountains to Sweet Sulfur Springs; Cather described the very poor condition of the Hunter's army at the end of the retreat","1864/6/25; Army camped at Meadow Buff, \"have nothing to eat\"","1864/6/26-27; Army moved to and Hawks Nest, crossed Gauley River and camp at Widow Huddleson's; army resupplied","1864/6/30; General Hunter, staff and Cather at Charleston","1864/7/1; Colonel Capehart, \"in person\" requested F.A.C.'s return to his regiment, granted and F.A.C. given command of Company K.","1864/7/3; F.A.C. visited home and Helen Mallonee","1864/7/19; Army moved to Martinsburg, Rebels burning private property","1864/7/21; Army moved through Winchester, F.A.C. sent on scout to Cedar Creek","1864/7/22; Battle broke out south of Winchester, Federals badly beaten, Cather declared, \"they whipped us\"","1864/7/24; Worked at General Custer's headquarters in AM; in PM, heavy fight, Federal Cavalry \"whipped\"; Cather witnessed, \" the worst skedaddle I have ever seen . . . Army perfectly demoralized . . . Averill (Federal cavalry commander Colonel William Averell) drunk\"","1864/7/25; Federals made a stand at Martinsburg, repulsed Rebel attack","1864/7/28-31; (See Cather's note under the 28th entry, regarding entries 28th through 31st) Army moved from Hagerstown, Md to Greencastle, Pa; Cather sent \"to make contact with the enemy\", returned to find the division under Averill [Averell] gone; he was cut off by the Rebels and forced to hide in South Mountain","1864/8/ ; Cather's division patrolled southwestern Pennsylvania, including Chambersburg and western Maryland areas, some skirmishing with Jubal Early's forces","1864/8/14-17; Detached as Judge Advocate for Court Martial duty","1864/8/18; Sent to scout Major Gilmer at Martinsburg","1864/8/19-21; Encamped at Fairplains, F.A.C. heard \"very heavy cannonading . . . Suppose between Sheridan and Early\"(General Phil Sheridan now in command of the Federal Forces replacing Hunter)","1864/8/22; Cather reported on the Battle of Berryville","1864/8/26; F.A.C.'s company and three others of the 1st West Virginia battled with F.H. Lee's cavalry at Williamsport, denied the rebels entry to the town","1864/9/2; In cavalry charge south of Martinsburg, Cather reported large number of Confederate property and prisoners captured","1864/9/3; Rebels attacked and repulsed at Bunker Hill, Cather's horse killed by artillery shell","1864/9/4-8; F.A.C.'s company involved with Rebel cavalry in several fights, he recorded \"Averill [Averell] drunk\" several times","1864/9/19; Cather gave report of the \"complete victory for the US troops\" at the Battle of Winchester, including his company's part.","1864/9/20; After defeat, Early fortified his command at Fisher's Hill","1864/9/22-23; Battle of Fisher's Hill, a Federal victory, Sheridan orders were to pursue the enemy \"with all possible speed\" up the Valley","1864/9/24; Sheridan removed Averell from command of Cather's division, Colonel Powell took over division","1864/9/27; Cavalry fight near Port Republic, Custer took command of the division","1864/9/29; F.A.C. received orders to remove and collect \"all forage and subsistence everywhere in the pathway of the division\"; also ordered to burn barns","1864/9/30; Custer given another command, Colonel Powell back in charge","1864/10/1; F.A.C. recorded, \"Burn and destroy everything as we go except dwelling houses\", Mosby captured and hung four federal soldiers","1864/10/3; Entry reads, \"nothing of importance. . . except the shooting of one or two N.Y. Vedettas\"","1864/10/5; Raid to Sperryville, forces moved toward Culpepper","1864/10/6; On the Rapidan River, raid and destroyed railroad bridge; return to command in the Valley, Cather described this as \" very hazardous \"","1864/10/7-10; Column at Front Royal","1864/10/11; On guard near Cedar Creek","1864/10/12; Cather heard fighting near Cedar Creek from his post,","1864/10/14-18; F.A.C. at Front Royal in command of his squadron, Company I and K, on picket duty","1864/10/19; Described the Union victory at Cedar Creek and counts of captured property","1864/10/20; F.A.C. went to Winchester needed medical treatment for his hand","1864/10/22-26; Returned to duty, US troops engaged the Rebels in their \"well entrenched\" positions near Milford, Federals pulled back to Front Royal","1864/10/27-28; Cather's squadron had drawn picket duty, while there was \"excitement in vicinity of the camp\" caused by reports of Mosby's command in the area, \"making scouting interesting\"; Cather comments, \"Much dissatisfaction among men and officers opposed to General Powell's retaliatory orders to hang prisoners\"","1864/10/28-11/3; F.A.C. fought illness again","1864/11/4; Detached to go to Millford, ran into Rebel pickets","1864/11/7-16; F.A.C. in hospital","1864/11/17; Left hospital, assigned AAAG (Acting Assistant Adjutant General) of 2nd Brigade","1864/11/22; Engaged Early's army at Rude's Hill","1864/11/24; Thanksgiving Day and New York City supplied the dinners","1864/11/28-30; First Cavalry Division under command of General Devon, Colonel Capehart commanding 2nd Brigade, F.A.C. as Acting Assistant Adjudant General","1864/12/17; Cather reported the 14th Cavalry attacked by Mosby, suffered heavy losses","1864/12/19; Received 15 day leave, went home","1864/12/20-26; Visited family, friends and Helen Mallonee","There are 2 items stored in the pockets of Volume 6:","1. Name card, hand written, side one, \"F.A. Cather\"; side two, \"Hattie E. Massey, Bellingham, Mass\"","2. Special Order Number 4, January 10, 1862, Wheeling, Assigning Lieutenant F.A. Cather for Volunteer Recruiting Service in Clarksburg, Virginia","Index to Volume 6:","1865/1/6; Returns to duty at Winchester as Acting Assistant Adjudant General, 2nd Cavalry Division, 2nd Cavalry West Virginia","1865/2/26; Commented on the capture of several Carolina forts and cities","1865/2/27; F.A.C.'s brigade moved out to Rue's Run, 1st and 3rd Division's under Custer, Cather's Brigade, 3rd Brigade, 3rd Cavalry Division","1865/3/1-2; Union Cavalry charged near Mt Crawford and battle at Waynesboro, heavy Rebel losses described","1865/3/3; Reached Charlottesville, burned railroad depots along the way; F.A.C and Captain Burleigh with six men flanked a Rebel scouting party","1865/3/4-6; Continued destruction of railroads, bridges and depots in the Piedmont; also captured the 23th Virginia Cavalry Battle flag","1865/3/8-9; Returned to division, destroyed the James River Canal","1865/3/12; Almost captured General Early at Thomson's Cross Roads","1865/3/13; F.A.C. and company ordered to burn tobacco factory and warehouses near Fredrick Hall, estimated worth, $200,000","1865/3/14-16; Destruction continued as army marched east","1865/3/18-27; Sheridan's command marched through several historic areas and plantations in the Tidewater of Virginia; Cather commented on the sights, including the battle torn land and the \"Immense earthworks all over this country\"","1865/3/29-30; Marched around Grant's left, advanced through heavy rain and mud to Dinwiddie Court House","1865/3/31; Battle ensued at Dinwiddie Court House against 3rd Rebel Cavalry, Johnson and Pickett's Infantry, heavy losses","1865/4/1; Battle of Five Forks, major Federal victory, F.A.C. listed casualties and captured arms and equipment","1865/4/2; Cather gave detailed account of the battle where 3rd West Virginia Cavalry charged and drove Rebel Cavalry near Ford's Station, \"overtook the Rebels at Namozine Creek\"; Lieutenant General A.P. Hill killed, depot destroyed with huge amount of Rebel supplies","1865/4/3; Cather reported with details, \"Rebel's evacuated their positions last night\" (at Petersburg), Federal Cavalry pursued and battle erupted near Winticomack Creek, F.A.C. described it as a \"terrible fight\"","1865/4/6; Battle at Saylor's Creek, 3rd Federal Cavalry charged the enemy's work; several Confederate officers captured including Generals Custis Lee, Richard Ewell and Joseph Kershaw","1865/4/7; Federal army marched towards Prince Edward Court House, three Federal corps \"directly in Lee's rear\", Cather described movements of Lee and Grant's armies","1865/4/8; Federal Cavalry met General Longstreet at Appomattox Station, \"an engagement of the most desperate character . . . ensued\"; that night, F.A.C. described his corps' position as \"immediately in front of Lee's Army\"","1865/4/9; Longstreet sent a flag of truce through the lines, asked Custer for a suspension of hostilities until Generals Grant and Lee agree to terms; Cather observed during the suspension, \" the armies mingle and talk. . . . as friends\"; Lee surrendered","1865/4/10; F.A.C. rode through Rebel army, saw many old acquaintances","1865/4/11; Federal army marched, \"gay and happy\", passed through Prince Edward Court House where white flags were, \" floating from every house. . . \"","1865/4/13-17; F.A.C. assigned as Acting Assistant Adjudant General to Lieutenant Colonel Charles Capehart and the 3rd Brigade, 3rd Division; General Custer now in command of Division","1865/4/18-19; Marched to Petersburg, F.A.C. \"viewed\" the destruction of the bombardment","1865/4/29; Cather reported the news of Johnson's surrender to Sherman","1865/5/5; Spent pleasant evening at General Custer's Headquarters","1865/5/8; F.A.C. promoted to Captain of the 1st West Virginia Veterans Cavalry","1865/5/9; Cather recorded his observations of Richmond including the number of \"Negros\" and \"of the 1000's seen, not one in a 1000 were of pure African blood, all had more or less white blood in them\"","1865/5/15; After Federal army marched over the Manassas Battlefield, enroute to Washington, F.A.C. recorded a poignant observation, \" The scenes of today will be ever prominent in the history of the rebellion, as the scenes of the early part of the war where McDowell, McClellan and Pope commanded\"","1865/5/16-20; Encamped outside Washington DC","1865/5/23; In Washington DC, the Review of the Grand Army of the Republic by President Johnson and Lieutenant General Grant, among other national and international officials; Captain Cather's Cavalry Division was first in the line of march to pass in review, Cather described the scene as \"...the grandest thing of the kind ever known\"","1865/5/24; Cather witnessed Sherman's Army passing in review down Pennsylvania Ave.","1865/5/25; F.A.C. promoted to AAG (Assistant Adjutant General) of the 3rd Cavalry Division under General Capehart","1865/5/29; Encamped outside of Alexandria","1865/6/4; Last diary entry; \"Quite a riot in camp. . . The bummers clean out the Corps' purveyor \u0026 Brigade purveyor... \"","Addendum includes:","Two copies of images of Fabricius A. Cather, both scanned from original photographs: 1.) portrait of Cather in dress uniform as a Union Officer during the war, ca. 1864; 2.) portrait of Cather in civilian clothes, ca. 1868. These can be found on West Virginia History OnView.","Two copies of Cather's military service papers: 1.) commission as a major in U. S. Army and 2.) discharge from the army.","Photocopies of Cather's 1873 Kansas Land Grant, and information regarding Cather family burial plots in Kansas.","Information documenting Cather family history and genealogical charts.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Civil War diaries authored by First Lieutenant (later Major) Fabricius A. Cather from Flemington, Taylor County, West Virginia, records his experiences in the military and political conflicts of the Civil War. The six diaries, and a transcribed copy of the original 1864 and 1865 diaries, contain entries for the years 1860 to 1865 regarding western Virginia's grassroots efforts to secede from the Confederacy and establish a new state, and of the first battles and skirmishes such as Rich Mountain and Corricks Ford. He describes campaigns involving his regiment, the First West Virginia Cavalry, including the 1864 Shenandoah Valley Campaign under Sigel, Hunter, Sheridan, and Custer against Breckenridge, Early, and Mosby's Rangers; the last battles of Petersburg as Grant broke the Rebel lines; and the continuous fighting during Lee's retreat. Although most diary entries are one or two sentences in length, some entries in 1864 and 1865 are longer, perhaps due to his full involvement in combat. The collection also contains 18 items stored in pockets inside the covers of the diaries, including headquarters passes, business cards, and a complimentary pass for Lt. Cather to attend the June, 1861 \"NorthWestern Virginia Convention\" in Wheeling. An Addendum includes two scans of photos of Cather, two scans of Civil War military service papers, photocopies of an 1873 Kansas Land Grant, and genealogy material documenting the Cather family.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Cather, Fabricius A.","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 3633","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2027"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Fabricius A. Cather, Soldier, Civil War Diaries"],"collection_title_tesim":["Fabricius A. Cather, Soldier, Civil War Diaries"],"collection_ssim":["Fabricius A. Cather, Soldier, Civil War Diaries"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Taylor County (W. Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Taylor County (W. Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Taylor County (W. Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Civil War -- Appomattox","Civil War battles.","Civil War --  War diaries","Civil War -- Military discharge","Civil War -- Home Guards","Civil War --  Mosby's Rangers","Civil War - Shenandoah Valley Campaign, 1864 (August-November)","Civil War - Union soldiers - West Virginia.","Civil War - Valley Expedition.","Civil War - West Virginia 1st Cavalry.","Civil War battles - Cedar Creek.","Civil War battles - Corrick's Ford.","Civil War battles - Jones' Raid.","Civil War battles - Rich Mountain.","Civil War battles - Sailors Creek.","West Virginia - Wheeling Conventions of 1861-1863."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Civil War -- Appomattox","Civil War battles.","Civil War --  War diaries","Civil War -- Military discharge","Civil War -- Home Guards","Civil War --  Mosby's Rangers","Civil War - Shenandoah Valley Campaign, 1864 (August-November)","Civil War - Union soldiers - West Virginia.","Civil War - Valley Expedition.","Civil War - West Virginia 1st Cavalry.","Civil War battles - Cedar Creek.","Civil War battles - Corrick's Ford.","Civil War battles - Jones' Raid.","Civil War battles - Rich Mountain.","Civil War battles - Sailors Creek.","West Virginia - Wheeling Conventions of 1861-1863."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.3 Linear Feet 3 1/2 in. (1 flat storage box); (1 rolled genealogy chart)"],"extent_tesim":["0.3 Linear Feet 3 1/2 in. (1 flat storage box); (1 rolled genealogy chart)"],"date_range_isim":[1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFabricius Augustus Cather was born on May 12, 1840 in Harrison County, Virginia, but he called Flemington, West Virginia home. His occupation was farming and raising cattle, before and after the war. Cather's style of writing and his vocabulary indicates he probably had received an education beyond the basic public school curriculum of the times. He followed his family into the political fray of the early 1860s against secession with a determination to save the Union, and to separate from Virginia to create the state of West Virginia. Thomas Cather, F.A.'s father, was elected a state senator in 1861, representing the counties of Taylor, Monongalia, and Preston in the Restored Government of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePolitical activity spilled into military action when F.A. Cather volunteered for the Grafton Guards Militia in the spring of 1861 to protect his home from the \"arms of secessionists.\" He served with the rank of First Lieutenant of Company B as his unit was sworn into the US Army in May, 1861. After his involvement in early battles and skirmishes in western Virginia, Cather's health failed and he was forced to resign from the US Army for two years. He still remained active in local politics and the militia, dealing with Rebel cavalry and guerrilla raids. Cather reenlisted in the US Army in February 1864 and was assigned to the First West Virginia Cavalry, Company K, returning to the rank of First Lieutenant. He was soon in charge of the company and later promoted to captain. Cather and his command were engaged in the last major eastern campaigns of the war, including the Shenandoah Valley, the breaking of the siege lines at Petersburg, and the pursuit of Lee's Army to Appomattox.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eF.A. Cather received an honorable discharge as a Major in July, 1865. He married Helen V. Mallonee in August 1865 and had four children. Fabricius Augustus Cather died of illness in October, 1876.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Fabricius Augustus Cather was born on May 12, 1840 in Harrison County, Virginia, but he called Flemington, West Virginia home. His occupation was farming and raising cattle, before and after the war. Cather's style of writing and his vocabulary indicates he probably had received an education beyond the basic public school curriculum of the times. He followed his family into the political fray of the early 1860s against secession with a determination to save the Union, and to separate from Virginia to create the state of West Virginia. Thomas Cather, F.A.'s father, was elected a state senator in 1861, representing the counties of Taylor, Monongalia, and Preston in the Restored Government of Virginia.","Political activity spilled into military action when F.A. Cather volunteered for the Grafton Guards Militia in the spring of 1861 to protect his home from the \"arms of secessionists.\" He served with the rank of First Lieutenant of Company B as his unit was sworn into the US Army in May, 1861. After his involvement in early battles and skirmishes in western Virginia, Cather's health failed and he was forced to resign from the US Army for two years. He still remained active in local politics and the militia, dealing with Rebel cavalry and guerrilla raids. Cather reenlisted in the US Army in February 1864 and was assigned to the First West Virginia Cavalry, Company K, returning to the rank of First Lieutenant. He was soon in charge of the company and later promoted to captain. Cather and his command were engaged in the last major eastern campaigns of the war, including the Shenandoah Valley, the breaking of the siege lines at Petersburg, and the pursuit of Lee's Army to Appomattox.","F.A. Cather received an honorable discharge as a Major in July, 1865. He married Helen V. Mallonee in August 1865 and had four children. Fabricius Augustus Cather died of illness in October, 1876."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Fabricius A. Cather, Soldier, Civil War Diaries, A\u0026amp;M 3633, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Fabricius A. Cather, Soldier, Civil War Diaries, A\u0026M 3633, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains seven volumes, six of which are the original diaries authored by Fabricius A. Cather, documenting the years 1860-1865; the seventh is a manuscript copy of the original 1864 and 1865 diaries (which are in the collection) that were transcribed by Thomas H. Cather, his son, in 1904. There is a minor discrepancy between the original diary and the transcript involving the entries of March 8, 9, and 10, 1865. Although the original contains entries for each of these days, the transcript does not. All references to Helen V. Mallonee, his future wife, are in code or \"cipher\" in the original diaries of 1864 and 1865, perhaps due to the Confederate sympathies of her family. These coded passages are deciphered in the transcript. They were married in August, 1865.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eStatistics regarding casualties, and captured arms, livestock, and military property are recorded for most of the battles. Narratives of events regarding the surrender at Appomattox and the Grand Army of the Republic passing in review in Washington D.C. close the series. Other subjects and events prominent in the diaries are: elections, secession, treason, illness and disease, family, friends, the Cather's farm, travel, church and social events, scouting, guerrillas, retaliation, and the stealing, burning, and destruction of property; locations include: Grafton, Bridgeport, Wheeling, Corricks Ford, Cheat Mountain, Martinsburg, Winchester, Cedar Creek, Front Royal, New Market, Lexington, Lynchburg, Charlottesville, Richmond, Five Forks and Saylor's Creek, among others.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlthough most diary entries are one or two sentences in length, some entries in 1864 and 1865 are longer, perhaps due to Cather's full involvement in combat.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eIndex to Volume 1:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1860/1/1-18; Listing of names and addresses\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1860/2/18; Cure for warts - \"The bark of a willow tree burnt to ashes and mixed with strong vinegar and applied warts\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1860/4/6; F.A.C. attended the wake of Mrs. Elizabeth Hustead, \"consort of James Hustead\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1860/4/7; F.A.C. attended \"the burying of Mrs. Hustead\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1860/4/23-26; F.A.C. traveled to Smithfield, Pennsylvania to move his brother and his family\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1860/4/28; F.A.C. went to Bridgeport with his father and friends for the Regimental Muster\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1860/7/30; Cather worked on court ordered plats with his cousin Lydia\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1860/8/1-2; Continued to work on plats and visit friends\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1860/8/3; Went to Pruntytown and \"brought out the brass instruments for the Flemington Band\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1860/8/7; Left for Annapolis, Maryland\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1860/8/8; Cather reached Annapolis at 11:00 AM and took passage on the Great Eastern Steamship, \"a magnificent ship\" which carried 10,000 people to Baltimore\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1860/8/9; Toured Baltimore including the Washington Monument and left for home\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1860/8/10; Arrived in Grafton, and walked to Pruntytown where court was still in session\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1860/8/11; F.A.C. went with his father to buy cattle and was not with the Band \"as usual\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1860/8/12; Church and dinner with friends\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1860/8/15-18; Harvested and stacked hay\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1860/8/20; F.A.C. left home for the \"Great West\" by train\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1860/8/22; Arrived in Sullivan and then Mattoon, Illinois and stayed with friends\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1860/8/23; Attended a [Stephen] Douglas Mass Meeting regarding the pending presidential election, F.A.C. witnessed a fireworks display, confusion and some fights\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1860/8/24-29; F.A.C. continued to visit friends and argue politics in Sullivan\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1860/8/30; Saw many \"Va. Friends\" in Sullivan, \"pulled a tooth for Leon's wife\", \"took dinner\" with friends. Cather writes \". . . in town politics very high\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1860/9/2; Argued politics from 7 to 9 PM\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1860/9/3; Started for Chicago and arrived by 8 PM; viewed Lake Michigan by moonlight\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1860/9/4-12; Crossed the Mississippi River into Burlington, Iowa, continued to New Virginia, Iowa and J.B. Read's home (F.A.C.'s sister and brother-in-law, Emily and John Read)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1860/9/24; Attended a \"taffy - pull -- considerable fun\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1860/10/4-5; Left New Virginia journeyed to Bloomfield (Illinois?) and attended a Douglas Camp meeting where there was \"plenty of whiskey afloat\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1860/10/6-21; Walked 31 miles to Memphis, continued to Greensburg and visited several friends\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1860/10/22-26; Traveled with J.W. Roe to LaGrange by buggy and witnessed several campaign speeches by representatives for the presidential candidates Bell, Breckinridge and Douglas\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1860/10/27-28; Sick with chicken pox\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1860/10/30-31; Left La Grange on board the steamship, \"Hannibal City\", stopped at St. Louis\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1860/11/1-5; Continued to enjoy an excursion down the Mississippi River to Cairo, and turned up the Ohio River to Paducah, New Albany and Louisville\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1860/11/6; Arrived in Cincinnati; Cather reports the presidential election results, \"Abraham Lincoln Elected President and Hannibal Hamlin Vice Pres.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1860/11/7-12; Enjoyed Cincinnati, left for Parkersburg and visited friends before starting for home, arrived in Flemington on the 12th\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1860/11/26; Cather reported the \"Union men attempts to hold a Mass Meeting, but are broken up by the Disunionists -- \" lead by M.H. Johnson and G.H. Hansbrough\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1860/12/3; F.A.C. went to Pruntytown for a \"Union Mass Meeting\". He reported \"Quite an excitement on Ellery M. Hall being called on to speak -- \" The Disunionists countered with Moses J. Robinet of Grafton\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1860/12/22; F.A.C. attended a \"Disunion Meeting\" in Pruntytown, where he heard several speeches in favor of disunion including those delivered by G.W. Hansbrough, M.H. Johnson, E.J. Armstrong, and W. J. Kemble\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eIndex to Volume 2:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1861/1/4; F.A.C. noted the day was a National Day of Prayer and Fasting as proclaimed by President Buchanan\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1861/1/18; Attended a political meeting in Flemington regarding the choice of a union man as delegate for the State Convention. Cather emphasized, \"if he could be elected\"; John Burdette was chosen\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1861/2/4; Unionist John Burdette elected to represent Taylor County at the State Convention, defeating \"Secessionist\" Hansbrough\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1861/4/17; F.A.C. recorded the passing of the Ordinance of Secession by the Virginia Convention\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1861/4/22; Cather witnessed John Carlyle's speech pertaining to his motion to the split of Virginia, creating a new state\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1861/4/29-30; In Morgantown F.A.C. joined Colonel Jonathan Heck for tea and stayed until after dinner the next day\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1861/5/6; Went to Fairmont with father to hear several speakers including Francis Pierpont, E. Hall, J. Burdette and Moses Tichnell\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1861/5/8; Attended a union meeting in Flemington, where \"a company of union volunteers give in their names . . .\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1861/5/9; F.A.C. sent as messenger to Flemington and Fairview to warn citizens of the \"secession troops\"; this created \"quite an excitement\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1861/5/10; Went to Grafton, where \"people are also determined to fight secessionists\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1861/5/13; A portion of the Volunteer Company held rifle and revolver practice\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1861/5/14; F.A.C. went to Flemington to receive the daily intelligence, giving an account of the West Virginia Convention\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1861/5/18; After he attended company muster at Flemington, F.A.C. heard the \"arms for secessionists\" were moving from Bridgeport to Pruntytown, he made an effort to have them stopped; he was \"up all night\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1861/5/19; F.A.C. stayed out in the woods all day with 20 others and watched for \"secession arms\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1861/5/20; Cather joined the Volunteer Company at Grafton for three months with the rank of First Lieutenant\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1861/5/22; In Grafton, Cather watched as the \"secession troops marched through\", being received with hissing and groans by the citizens\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1861/5/23; Statewide election regarding the Virginia Ordinance of Secession, Cather went to Grafton to view the body of Sergeant T. B. [Thornbury Bailey] Brown, killed by the secessionists the night of the 22nd\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1861/5/25; F.A.C.'s company was mustered into the United State Army at Wheeling\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1861/5/27; Cather commanded forces guarding the Wheeling Railroad Depot during Captain Latham's absence\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1861/6/3-4; F.A.C. noted the Battle of Philippi, the wounding of Colonel Kelly and listed the casualty, captured livestock and equipment figures\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1861/6/22; Cather's unit moved to Mannington\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1861/6/27; F.A.C. reported to Generals McClellan and Morris to give information regarding the roads and the layout of the region\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1861/6/29; Elections for new reformed state government of Virginia, F.A.C.'s father, Thomas Cather was elected state senator for Taylor, Monongalia and Preston Counties\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1861/7/5; F.A.C. reported a friendly fire incident seriously wounding a soldier\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1861/7/6; Army marched to Philippi\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1861/7/7; Cather's brigade was General Morris' Rear Body Guard in all night march; fighting began at 9 AM with \"heavy skirmishing with the Rebels\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1861/7/8; All night fighting and in the evening the Union forces gave the Rebels a \"tremendous raking\" with grape shot\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1861/7/9; Artillery battle continued\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1861/7/10; Fighting slowed, but Cather reported \"a great deal of reconnoitering\" and commented on the his splendid view of the enemy's camp\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1861/7/12; Spies reported the Rebels had pulled out and the Union forces pursued them\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1861/7/13; Continued to chase the Rebels across Cheat Mountain under terrible conditions; Federals overtake and defeat the Rebels at Corricks Ford; Cather listed the number of captured arms, equipment and casualties, including Confederate General Robert Garnett, killed in action\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1861/7/14; F.A.C. assigned to bury a member of General Garnett's bodyguard, killed with his general; Cather wrote he carried out his orders \". . . as decently as possible\", this included a touching inscription over the boy's grave\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1861/7/15; Army crossed the Cheat River for 8th time in two days, returned to camp at Ellicott's\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1861/7/16; Army spent the day collecting captured \"property\" of the rebels\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1861/7/20; F.A.C. traveled to Beverly and \"took\" supper at General McClellan's quarters\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1861/8/5; Cather's outfit moved to Camp Bealington [Belington], assigned as scouts for the area\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1861/8/6-12; Cather gathered information regarding secesh activity, scouted the area, and made arrests\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1861/8/13; F.A.C. became very ill with symptoms of Typhoid Fever\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1861/8/26; F.A.C. attended his home church witnessed \"an exciting debate. . . \" regarding the introduction of politics into religious matters.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1861/8/27; F.A.C. called to testify in US [United States] Court against \"certain characters\" charged with treason\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1861/9/13; Cather took a squad and destroyed all the liquor they could find\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1861/9/15-19; Noted the passing of several units of infantry and artillery as they moved toward Cheat Mountain\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1861/10/1- 25; Cather's unit continued assignment of policing and scouting the area\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1861/10/26; F.A.C. heard reports to expect renewed fighting at Cheat Mountain with General Lee leading the Rebels\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1861/11/26-12/5; F.A.C. nursed a sick friend and soldier, John D. Powell and became ill; Powell moved to E.R. Douglas' house, December 5th\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1861/12/6-24; In camp at Bealington [Belington] and visited friends\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1861/12/24-31; Visited his family, both parents and F.A.C. were ill\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThere are 6 items stored in the pockets of Volume 3:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1. 1862 pocket calendar\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2. General Order Number 11, February 10, 1862, regarding the examination of officers\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e3. Business card for Augustus Pollack, Foreign and Domestic Goods, Wheeling\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e4. Business card for John T. Lakin, Merchant and Taylor, Wheeling\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e5. Business Card for Cutaiar \u0026amp; Batchelder, Cigars, Cincinnati, Ohio\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e6. Army pass from Headquarters, Clarksburg, January 31, 1862\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eIndex to Volume 3:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1863/1/2; President Lincoln signed the bill admitting West Virginia in to the Union\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1863/1/3; F.A.C. read the Emancipation Proclamation\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1863/1/13; Wrote Governor Pierpont regarding the stealing of horses by rebel guerillas\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1863/2/8-14; Took cattle to Baltimore on train to sell, made stops enroute in Cumberland and Martinsburg\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1863/2/15; Visited Washington DC, sat in the gallery during a both Senate and House session\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1863/2/25; Cather heard that John Righter's guerillas (Confederate) were in the area\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1863/3/5; While in Wheeling, F.A.C. \"attending to business\" with Governor Pierpont and A.G. Henry Samuels\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1863/3/26; Voted on the ratification of the Willey Amendment to the Constitution of West Virginia\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1863/4/15-16; F.A.C. acted as guide with the 6th Virginia Regiment to \"hunt the Rebel horse thieves\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1863/4/25; Heard of the defeat of Colonel Latham by the Rebels at Beverly\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1863/4/27; F.A.C. helped to put \"out the 119th Regiment\" and sent out scouts for Colonel Mulligan\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1863/4/30; \"Our troops\" driven out of Bridgeport by the Rebels\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1863/5/1; With the militia, started for the \"rebel camp ground at David Coplin's\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1863/5/2; F.A.C. \"played the secesh\" to obtain information\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1863/5/3; Rebels at Bealington [Belington]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1863/5/5-8; Cather busy with duties as the Acting Assistant Adjudant General of the Virginia Militia,\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1863/5/9; Rebels headed south and the militia disbanded\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1863/5/28; West Virginia's first state election for county and state offices\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1863/5/30; Election results, regarding state and county offices, \"the rebel copperheads\" won some county offices and the Union party won state offices\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1863/6/7; Friends from Gilmer County, refuged to the Cather home, forced out by Rebel guerillas\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1863/6/15; The governor called out the militia and President Lincoln sent 100,000 troops to deal with rebel invasion\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1863/6/20; Arthur Boreman inaugurated governor of West Virginia\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1863/7/9; F.A.C. heard \"good news from the Army of the Potomac, Meade pursues Lee\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1863/8/27; Cather reports 150 mules taken by the rebels\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1863/10/1; F.A.C. placed ad for \"correspondence with young lady . . .\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1863/10/2-8; Sick\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1863/10/9; Showed Mr. Mallonee some timber\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1863/10/11; F.A.C. addressed a note to \"H.V.M.\" (Helen V. Mallonee)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1863/10/21; Seized some \"treasonable circulars\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1863/10/22; State elections for United States Congress and State legislature\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1863/11/15; Attended funeral of Sergeant Francis Marion Brohan, killed at Williamsport\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1863/11/26; Cather reported the defeat of Confederate General Bragg in Tennessee\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThere are 5 items stored in the pockets of Volume 4:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1. Business card for Parker House, Board $1.00 per day, Laporte, Indiana\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2. Paper, side one, List of Quartermaster Stores issued to Lieutenant Cather at Beverly, Virginia, September 23, 1861; side two, Bill of goods for Miss M.J. Cather of Flemington, Taylor County\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e3. Paper with accounts listed regarding cattle sales\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e4. Minutes of a church meeting, F.A. Cather, Secretary, May 31, 1862\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e5. Small piece of paper with directions to \"Madison\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eIndex to Volume 4:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1863/1/2; President Lincoln signed the bill admitting West Virginia in to the Union\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1863/1/3; F.A.C. read the Emancipation Proclamation\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1863/1/13; Wrote Governor Pierpont regarding the stealing of horses by rebel guerillas\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1863/2/8-14; Took cattle to Baltimore on train to sell, made stops enroute in Cumberland and Martinsburg\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1863/2/15; Visited Washington DC, sat in the gallery during a both Senate and House session\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1863/2/25; Cather heard that John Righter's guerillas (Confederate) were in the area\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1863/3/5; While in Wheeling, F.A.C. \"attending to business\" with Governor Pierpont and A.G. Henry Samuels\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1863/3/26; Voted on the ratification of the Willey Amendment to the Constitution of West Virginia\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1863/4/15-16; F.A.C. acted as guide with the 6th Virginia Regiment to \"hunt the Rebel horse thieves\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1863/4/25; Heard of the defeat of Colonel Latham by the Rebels at Beverly\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1863/4/27; F.A.C. helped to put \"out the 119th Regiment\" and sent out scouts for Colonel Mulligan\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1863/4/30; \"Our troops\" driven out of Bridgeport by the Rebels\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1863/5/1; With the militia, started for the \"rebel camp ground at David Coplin's\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1863/5/2; F.A.C. \"played the secesh\" to obtain information\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1863/5/3; Rebels at Bealington [Belington]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1863/5/5-8; Cather busy with duties as the Acting Assistant Adjudant General of the Virginia Militia,\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1863/5/9; Rebels headed south and the militia disbanded\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1863/5/28; West Virginia's first state election for county and state offices\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1863/5/30; Election results, regarding state and county offices, \"the rebel copperheads\" won some county offices and the Union party won state offices\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1863/6/7; Friends from Gilmer County, refuged to the Cather home, forced out by Rebel guerillas\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1863/6/15; The governor called out the militia and President Lincoln sent 100,000 troops to deal with rebel invasion\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1863/6/20; Arthur Boreman inaugurated governor of West Virginia\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1863/7/9; F.A.C. heard \"good news from the Army of the Potomac, Meade pursues Lee\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1863/8/27; Cather reports 150 mules taken by the rebels\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1863/10/1; F.A.C. placed ad for \"correspondence with young lady . . .\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1863/10/2-8; Sick\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1863/10/9; Showed Mr. Mallonee some timber\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1863/10/11; F.A.C. addressed a note to \"H.V.M.\" (Helen V. Mallonee)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1863/10/21; Seized some \"treasonable circulars\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1863/10/22; State elections for United States Congress and State legislature\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1863/11/15; Attended funeral of Sergeant Francis Marion Brohan, killed at Williamsport\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1863/11/26; Cather reported the defeat of Confederate General Bragg in Tennessee\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThere are 5 items stored in the pockets of Volume 5:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1. Yellow ribbon with print, \"AOP [ Army of the Potomac] Cavalry Corps\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2. Return to duty pass for Union Private John Steward of Company K, 1st Regiment of Virginia Cavalry, October 18, 1864\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e3. Pass to allow Lieutenant F.A. Cather through the lines, Beverly, Virginia, November 10, 1861\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e4. Pass for Lieutenant F.A. Cather, Headquarters, Clarksburg, signed by \"N. Goff\", October 6, 1861\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e5. Complimentary pass to the \"NorthWestern Virginia Convention\", June 6, 1861; on the back is written \"Lieut. Cather\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eIndex to Volume 5:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1864/1/1-3; F.A.C.'s father very ill, doctor prescribed \"McMunn's Elixir of Opium\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1864/1/4; F.A.C. visited Helen V. Mallonee; his father's condition improved\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1864/1/9-28; His father relapsed, the doctors attended and medication prescribed are no help, later Mr. Cather improved with a new medicine from Dr. Fahmey of in Boonsboro, Maryland\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1864/1/21; Attended a \"school meeting\" with his brother; a pledge was signed by the \"subscribers\" to \"build and put into operation, an institution of learning\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1864/1/30; F.A.C. and his brother, Flavius attended a meeting of \"subscribers of West Virginia College\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1864/2/12; F.A.C. reenlisted in the United States Army at Wheeling\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1864/3/10; General Sigel arrived in Wheeling and was \"out welcomed by General Tom Thumb\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1864/3/13; Cather's unit left for Martinsburg\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1864/3/15-20; Arrived in Martinsburg and drilled\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1864/3/26; F.A.C. remembers the day as Helen V. Mallonee's 20th birthday\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1864/3/27; Cather appointed Judge Advocate for Court Martial duty\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1864/5/7; Detailed to take charge of mail line between Martinsburg and Sigel's headquarters\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1864/5/8; Met a New York Herald reporter\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1864/5/9-10; Army moved from Winchester to Cedar Creek, headquarters established at Cooley's mansion, where F.A.C. discovers several documents with Founding Fathers' signatures\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1864/5/11; Rebel Cavalry scouting, some were captured\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1864/5/15; After leaving Woodstock, Union forces engaged Rebel Army of General Breckinridge at New Market, F.A.C.'s horse shot out from under him in this Rebel victory, Cather recorded casualties and army property losses\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1864/5/16; Army retreated to Cedar Creek\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1864/5/17; F.A.C. reported General Sigel unwell\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1864/5/22; General David Hunter replaced Fran Sigel as commander of the Department of West Virginia, troops expressed sorrow over Sigel's departure\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1864/5/24; Hunter ordered three houses in Newton burned in retaliation for the murder of four Union teamsters\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1864/5/26; While marching south, Hunter ordered a \"splendid house near Strasburg\" to be burned\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1864/5/29; Camped at Rude's Hill, F.A.C. visited the wounded left, \"in Rebel hands\" at New Market\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1864/6/2; After skirmishing with Imboden, Hunter headquartered at Harrisonburg with \"loyal citizens\", Cather commented the area had \"quite a number of loyal citizens\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1864/6/4; Destroyed two woolen factories\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1864/6/5; Fought and defeated Imboden and Jones. General Grumble Jones killed, Cather listed the number of casualties and claimed the federal artillery fired 3500 rounds\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1864/6/6; Entered Staunton, a target of the campaign with \"pomp and circumstance\" included bands playing, Rebel prisoners jailed in a prison built by the Confederates for Union prisoners, F.A.C. roomed at the American Hotel with Lieutenant John Megis\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1864/6/8; Cather on Provost Duty; examined the \"Wesleyan Female Col. Institute. . . Rather an unpleasant task\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1864/6/9-10; Seized, burned and destroyed considerable \"C.S. property\", including flour mills\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1864/6/11; Army moved to Lexington, the town was shelled before entered, F.A.C. visited VMI [Virginia Military Institute]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1864/6/12; F.A.C. recorded houses searched, property seized, VMI [Virginia Military Institute] magazine along with a few professors' houses and Governor Letcher's house were burned; the army camped on the Washington College Green, Cather commented Washington College \"was the place of Dr. George Junkin's persecution and from where he was driven in 1861\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1864/6/14-15; Marched to Buchanan in Botetourt County, \"intensely rebel\"; the command left Buchanan, and crossed the Blue Ridge, camped near Liberty\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1864/6/16; After destroying railroads, marched south, heavy fighting erupted outside of Lynchburg, Union troops forced to retreat\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1864/6/17-23; Army fell back to Buford's Gap, engaged in continuous fight with Mc Clausland, including at Catawba Mountain, continued to retreat over the mountains to Sweet Sulfur Springs; Cather described the very poor condition of the Hunter's army at the end of the retreat\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1864/6/25; Army camped at Meadow Buff, \"have nothing to eat\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1864/6/26-27; Army moved to and Hawks Nest, crossed Gauley River and camp at Widow Huddleson's; army resupplied\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1864/6/30; General Hunter, staff and Cather at Charleston\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1864/7/1; Colonel Capehart, \"in person\" requested F.A.C.'s return to his regiment, granted and F.A.C. given command of Company K.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1864/7/3; F.A.C. visited home and Helen Mallonee\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1864/7/19; Army moved to Martinsburg, Rebels burning private property\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1864/7/21; Army moved through Winchester, F.A.C. sent on scout to Cedar Creek\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1864/7/22; Battle broke out south of Winchester, Federals badly beaten, Cather declared, \"they whipped us\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1864/7/24; Worked at General Custer's headquarters in AM; in PM, heavy fight, Federal Cavalry \"whipped\"; Cather witnessed, \" the worst skedaddle I have ever seen . . . Army perfectly demoralized . . . Averill (Federal cavalry commander Colonel William Averell) drunk\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1864/7/25; Federals made a stand at Martinsburg, repulsed Rebel attack\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1864/7/28-31; (See Cather's note under the 28th entry, regarding entries 28th through 31st) Army moved from Hagerstown, Md to Greencastle, Pa; Cather sent \"to make contact with the enemy\", returned to find the division under Averill [Averell] gone; he was cut off by the Rebels and forced to hide in South Mountain\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1864/8/ ; Cather's division patrolled southwestern Pennsylvania, including Chambersburg and western Maryland areas, some skirmishing with Jubal Early's forces\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1864/8/14-17; Detached as Judge Advocate for Court Martial duty\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1864/8/18; Sent to scout Major Gilmer at Martinsburg\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1864/8/19-21; Encamped at Fairplains, F.A.C. heard \"very heavy cannonading . . . Suppose between Sheridan and Early\"(General Phil Sheridan now in command of the Federal Forces replacing Hunter)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1864/8/22; Cather reported on the Battle of Berryville\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1864/8/26; F.A.C.'s company and three others of the 1st West Virginia battled with F.H. Lee's cavalry at Williamsport, denied the rebels entry to the town\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1864/9/2; In cavalry charge south of Martinsburg, Cather reported large number of Confederate property and prisoners captured\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1864/9/3; Rebels attacked and repulsed at Bunker Hill, Cather's horse killed by artillery shell\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1864/9/4-8; F.A.C.'s company involved with Rebel cavalry in several fights, he recorded \"Averill [Averell] drunk\" several times\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1864/9/19; Cather gave report of the \"complete victory for the US troops\" at the Battle of Winchester, including his company's part.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1864/9/20; After defeat, Early fortified his command at Fisher's Hill\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1864/9/22-23; Battle of Fisher's Hill, a Federal victory, Sheridan orders were to pursue the enemy \"with all possible speed\" up the Valley\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1864/9/24; Sheridan removed Averell from command of Cather's division, Colonel Powell took over division\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1864/9/27; Cavalry fight near Port Republic, Custer took command of the division\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1864/9/29; F.A.C. received orders to remove and collect \"all forage and subsistence everywhere in the pathway of the division\"; also ordered to burn barns\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1864/9/30; Custer given another command, Colonel Powell back in charge\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1864/10/1; F.A.C. recorded, \"Burn and destroy everything as we go except dwelling houses\", Mosby captured and hung four federal soldiers\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1864/10/3; Entry reads, \"nothing of importance. . . except the shooting of one or two N.Y. Vedettas\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1864/10/5; Raid to Sperryville, forces moved toward Culpepper\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1864/10/6; On the Rapidan River, raid and destroyed railroad bridge; return to command in the Valley, Cather described this as \" very hazardous \"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1864/10/7-10; Column at Front Royal\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1864/10/11; On guard near Cedar Creek\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1864/10/12; Cather heard fighting near Cedar Creek from his post,\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1864/10/14-18; F.A.C. at Front Royal in command of his squadron, Company I and K, on picket duty\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1864/10/19; Described the Union victory at Cedar Creek and counts of captured property\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1864/10/20; F.A.C. went to Winchester needed medical treatment for his hand\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1864/10/22-26; Returned to duty, US troops engaged the Rebels in their \"well entrenched\" positions near Milford, Federals pulled back to Front Royal\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1864/10/27-28; Cather's squadron had drawn picket duty, while there was \"excitement in vicinity of the camp\" caused by reports of Mosby's command in the area, \"making scouting interesting\"; Cather comments, \"Much dissatisfaction among men and officers opposed to General Powell's retaliatory orders to hang prisoners\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1864/10/28-11/3; F.A.C. fought illness again\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1864/11/4; Detached to go to Millford, ran into Rebel pickets\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1864/11/7-16; F.A.C. in hospital\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1864/11/17; Left hospital, assigned AAAG (Acting Assistant Adjutant General) of 2nd Brigade\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1864/11/22; Engaged Early's army at Rude's Hill\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1864/11/24; Thanksgiving Day and New York City supplied the dinners\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1864/11/28-30; First Cavalry Division under command of General Devon, Colonel Capehart commanding 2nd Brigade, F.A.C. as Acting Assistant Adjudant General\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1864/12/17; Cather reported the 14th Cavalry attacked by Mosby, suffered heavy losses\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1864/12/19; Received 15 day leave, went home\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1864/12/20-26; Visited family, friends and Helen Mallonee\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThere are 2 items stored in the pockets of Volume 6:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1. Name card, hand written, side one, \"F.A. Cather\"; side two, \"Hattie E. Massey, Bellingham, Mass\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2. Special Order Number 4, January 10, 1862, Wheeling, Assigning Lieutenant F.A. Cather for Volunteer Recruiting Service in Clarksburg, Virginia\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eIndex to Volume 6:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1865/1/6; Returns to duty at Winchester as Acting Assistant Adjudant General, 2nd Cavalry Division, 2nd Cavalry West Virginia\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1865/2/26; Commented on the capture of several Carolina forts and cities\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1865/2/27; F.A.C.'s brigade moved out to Rue's Run, 1st and 3rd Division's under Custer, Cather's Brigade, 3rd Brigade, 3rd Cavalry Division\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1865/3/1-2; Union Cavalry charged near Mt Crawford and battle at Waynesboro, heavy Rebel losses described\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1865/3/3; Reached Charlottesville, burned railroad depots along the way; F.A.C and Captain Burleigh with six men flanked a Rebel scouting party\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1865/3/4-6; Continued destruction of railroads, bridges and depots in the Piedmont; also captured the 23th Virginia Cavalry Battle flag\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1865/3/8-9; Returned to division, destroyed the James River Canal\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1865/3/12; Almost captured General Early at Thomson's Cross Roads\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1865/3/13; F.A.C. and company ordered to burn tobacco factory and warehouses near Fredrick Hall, estimated worth, $200,000\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1865/3/14-16; Destruction continued as army marched east\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1865/3/18-27; Sheridan's command marched through several historic areas and plantations in the Tidewater of Virginia; Cather commented on the sights, including the battle torn land and the \"Immense earthworks all over this country\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1865/3/29-30; Marched around Grant's left, advanced through heavy rain and mud to Dinwiddie Court House\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1865/3/31; Battle ensued at Dinwiddie Court House against 3rd Rebel Cavalry, Johnson and Pickett's Infantry, heavy losses\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1865/4/1; Battle of Five Forks, major Federal victory, F.A.C. listed casualties and captured arms and equipment\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1865/4/2; Cather gave detailed account of the battle where 3rd West Virginia Cavalry charged and drove Rebel Cavalry near Ford's Station, \"overtook the Rebels at Namozine Creek\"; Lieutenant General A.P. Hill killed, depot destroyed with huge amount of Rebel supplies\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1865/4/3; Cather reported with details, \"Rebel's evacuated their positions last night\" (at Petersburg), Federal Cavalry pursued and battle erupted near Winticomack Creek, F.A.C. described it as a \"terrible fight\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1865/4/6; Battle at Saylor's Creek, 3rd Federal Cavalry charged the enemy's work; several Confederate officers captured including Generals Custis Lee, Richard Ewell and Joseph Kershaw\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1865/4/7; Federal army marched towards Prince Edward Court House, three Federal corps \"directly in Lee's rear\", Cather described movements of Lee and Grant's armies\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1865/4/8; Federal Cavalry met General Longstreet at Appomattox Station, \"an engagement of the most desperate character . . . ensued\"; that night, F.A.C. described his corps' position as \"immediately in front of Lee's Army\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1865/4/9; Longstreet sent a flag of truce through the lines, asked Custer for a suspension of hostilities until Generals Grant and Lee agree to terms; Cather observed during the suspension, \" the armies mingle and talk. . . . as friends\"; Lee surrendered\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1865/4/10; F.A.C. rode through Rebel army, saw many old acquaintances\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1865/4/11; Federal army marched, \"gay and happy\", passed through Prince Edward Court House where white flags were, \" floating from every house. . . \"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1865/4/13-17; F.A.C. assigned as Acting Assistant Adjudant General to Lieutenant Colonel Charles Capehart and the 3rd Brigade, 3rd Division; General Custer now in command of Division\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1865/4/18-19; Marched to Petersburg, F.A.C. \"viewed\" the destruction of the bombardment\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1865/4/29; Cather reported the news of Johnson's surrender to Sherman\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1865/5/5; Spent pleasant evening at General Custer's Headquarters\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1865/5/8; F.A.C. promoted to Captain of the 1st West Virginia Veterans Cavalry\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1865/5/9; Cather recorded his observations of Richmond including the number of \"Negros\" and \"of the 1000's seen, not one in a 1000 were of pure African blood, all had more or less white blood in them\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1865/5/15; After Federal army marched over the Manassas Battlefield, enroute to Washington, F.A.C. recorded a poignant observation, \" The scenes of today will be ever prominent in the history of the rebellion, as the scenes of the early part of the war where McDowell, McClellan and Pope commanded\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1865/5/16-20; Encamped outside Washington DC\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1865/5/23; In Washington DC, the Review of the Grand Army of the Republic by President Johnson and Lieutenant General Grant, among other national and international officials; Captain Cather's Cavalry Division was first in the line of march to pass in review, Cather described the scene as \"...the grandest thing of the kind ever known\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1865/5/24; Cather witnessed Sherman's Army passing in review down Pennsylvania Ave.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1865/5/25; F.A.C. promoted to AAG (Assistant Adjutant General) of the 3rd Cavalry Division under General Capehart\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1865/5/29; Encamped outside of Alexandria\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1865/6/4; Last diary entry; \"Quite a riot in camp. . . The bummers clean out the Corps' purveyor \u0026amp; Brigade purveyor... \"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAddendum includes:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTwo copies of images of Fabricius A. Cather, both scanned from original photographs: 1.) portrait of Cather in dress uniform as a Union Officer during the war, ca. 1864; 2.) portrait of Cather in civilian clothes, ca. 1868. These can be found on West Virginia History OnView.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTwo copies of Cather's military service papers: 1.) commission as a major in U. S. Army and 2.) discharge from the army.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePhotocopies of Cather's 1873 Kansas Land Grant, and information regarding Cather family burial plots in Kansas.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eInformation documenting Cather family history and genealogical charts.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains seven volumes, six of which are the original diaries authored by Fabricius A. Cather, documenting the years 1860-1865; the seventh is a manuscript copy of the original 1864 and 1865 diaries (which are in the collection) that were transcribed by Thomas H. Cather, his son, in 1904. There is a minor discrepancy between the original diary and the transcript involving the entries of March 8, 9, and 10, 1865. Although the original contains entries for each of these days, the transcript does not. All references to Helen V. Mallonee, his future wife, are in code or \"cipher\" in the original diaries of 1864 and 1865, perhaps due to the Confederate sympathies of her family. These coded passages are deciphered in the transcript. They were married in August, 1865.","Statistics regarding casualties, and captured arms, livestock, and military property are recorded for most of the battles. Narratives of events regarding the surrender at Appomattox and the Grand Army of the Republic passing in review in Washington D.C. close the series. Other subjects and events prominent in the diaries are: elections, secession, treason, illness and disease, family, friends, the Cather's farm, travel, church and social events, scouting, guerrillas, retaliation, and the stealing, burning, and destruction of property; locations include: Grafton, Bridgeport, Wheeling, Corricks Ford, Cheat Mountain, Martinsburg, Winchester, Cedar Creek, Front Royal, New Market, Lexington, Lynchburg, Charlottesville, Richmond, Five Forks and Saylor's Creek, among others.","Although most diary entries are one or two sentences in length, some entries in 1864 and 1865 are longer, perhaps due to Cather's full involvement in combat.","Index to Volume 1:","1860/1/1-18; Listing of names and addresses","1860/2/18; Cure for warts - \"The bark of a willow tree burnt to ashes and mixed with strong vinegar and applied warts\"","1860/4/6; F.A.C. attended the wake of Mrs. Elizabeth Hustead, \"consort of James Hustead\"","1860/4/7; F.A.C. attended \"the burying of Mrs. Hustead\"","1860/4/23-26; F.A.C. traveled to Smithfield, Pennsylvania to move his brother and his family","1860/4/28; F.A.C. went to Bridgeport with his father and friends for the Regimental Muster","1860/7/30; Cather worked on court ordered plats with his cousin Lydia","1860/8/1-2; Continued to work on plats and visit friends","1860/8/3; Went to Pruntytown and \"brought out the brass instruments for the Flemington Band\"","1860/8/7; Left for Annapolis, Maryland","1860/8/8; Cather reached Annapolis at 11:00 AM and took passage on the Great Eastern Steamship, \"a magnificent ship\" which carried 10,000 people to Baltimore","1860/8/9; Toured Baltimore including the Washington Monument and left for home","1860/8/10; Arrived in Grafton, and walked to Pruntytown where court was still in session","1860/8/11; F.A.C. went with his father to buy cattle and was not with the Band \"as usual\"","1860/8/12; Church and dinner with friends","1860/8/15-18; Harvested and stacked hay","1860/8/20; F.A.C. left home for the \"Great West\" by train","1860/8/22; Arrived in Sullivan and then Mattoon, Illinois and stayed with friends","1860/8/23; Attended a [Stephen] Douglas Mass Meeting regarding the pending presidential election, F.A.C. witnessed a fireworks display, confusion and some fights","1860/8/24-29; F.A.C. continued to visit friends and argue politics in Sullivan","1860/8/30; Saw many \"Va. Friends\" in Sullivan, \"pulled a tooth for Leon's wife\", \"took dinner\" with friends. Cather writes \". . . in town politics very high\"","1860/9/2; Argued politics from 7 to 9 PM","1860/9/3; Started for Chicago and arrived by 8 PM; viewed Lake Michigan by moonlight","1860/9/4-12; Crossed the Mississippi River into Burlington, Iowa, continued to New Virginia, Iowa and J.B. Read's home (F.A.C.'s sister and brother-in-law, Emily and John Read)","1860/9/24; Attended a \"taffy - pull -- considerable fun\"","1860/10/4-5; Left New Virginia journeyed to Bloomfield (Illinois?) and attended a Douglas Camp meeting where there was \"plenty of whiskey afloat\"","1860/10/6-21; Walked 31 miles to Memphis, continued to Greensburg and visited several friends","1860/10/22-26; Traveled with J.W. Roe to LaGrange by buggy and witnessed several campaign speeches by representatives for the presidential candidates Bell, Breckinridge and Douglas","1860/10/27-28; Sick with chicken pox","1860/10/30-31; Left La Grange on board the steamship, \"Hannibal City\", stopped at St. Louis","1860/11/1-5; Continued to enjoy an excursion down the Mississippi River to Cairo, and turned up the Ohio River to Paducah, New Albany and Louisville","1860/11/6; Arrived in Cincinnati; Cather reports the presidential election results, \"Abraham Lincoln Elected President and Hannibal Hamlin Vice Pres.\"","1860/11/7-12; Enjoyed Cincinnati, left for Parkersburg and visited friends before starting for home, arrived in Flemington on the 12th","1860/11/26; Cather reported the \"Union men attempts to hold a Mass Meeting, but are broken up by the Disunionists -- \" lead by M.H. Johnson and G.H. Hansbrough","1860/12/3; F.A.C. went to Pruntytown for a \"Union Mass Meeting\". He reported \"Quite an excitement on Ellery M. Hall being called on to speak -- \" The Disunionists countered with Moses J. Robinet of Grafton","1860/12/22; F.A.C. attended a \"Disunion Meeting\" in Pruntytown, where he heard several speeches in favor of disunion including those delivered by G.W. Hansbrough, M.H. Johnson, E.J. Armstrong, and W. J. Kemble","Index to Volume 2:","1861/1/4; F.A.C. noted the day was a National Day of Prayer and Fasting as proclaimed by President Buchanan","1861/1/18; Attended a political meeting in Flemington regarding the choice of a union man as delegate for the State Convention. Cather emphasized, \"if he could be elected\"; John Burdette was chosen","1861/2/4; Unionist John Burdette elected to represent Taylor County at the State Convention, defeating \"Secessionist\" Hansbrough","1861/4/17; F.A.C. recorded the passing of the Ordinance of Secession by the Virginia Convention","1861/4/22; Cather witnessed John Carlyle's speech pertaining to his motion to the split of Virginia, creating a new state","1861/4/29-30; In Morgantown F.A.C. joined Colonel Jonathan Heck for tea and stayed until after dinner the next day","1861/5/6; Went to Fairmont with father to hear several speakers including Francis Pierpont, E. Hall, J. Burdette and Moses Tichnell","1861/5/8; Attended a union meeting in Flemington, where \"a company of union volunteers give in their names . . .\"","1861/5/9; F.A.C. sent as messenger to Flemington and Fairview to warn citizens of the \"secession troops\"; this created \"quite an excitement\"","1861/5/10; Went to Grafton, where \"people are also determined to fight secessionists\"","1861/5/13; A portion of the Volunteer Company held rifle and revolver practice","1861/5/14; F.A.C. went to Flemington to receive the daily intelligence, giving an account of the West Virginia Convention","1861/5/18; After he attended company muster at Flemington, F.A.C. heard the \"arms for secessionists\" were moving from Bridgeport to Pruntytown, he made an effort to have them stopped; he was \"up all night\"","1861/5/19; F.A.C. stayed out in the woods all day with 20 others and watched for \"secession arms\"","1861/5/20; Cather joined the Volunteer Company at Grafton for three months with the rank of First Lieutenant","1861/5/22; In Grafton, Cather watched as the \"secession troops marched through\", being received with hissing and groans by the citizens","1861/5/23; Statewide election regarding the Virginia Ordinance of Secession, Cather went to Grafton to view the body of Sergeant T. B. [Thornbury Bailey] Brown, killed by the secessionists the night of the 22nd","1861/5/25; F.A.C.'s company was mustered into the United State Army at Wheeling","1861/5/27; Cather commanded forces guarding the Wheeling Railroad Depot during Captain Latham's absence","1861/6/3-4; F.A.C. noted the Battle of Philippi, the wounding of Colonel Kelly and listed the casualty, captured livestock and equipment figures","1861/6/22; Cather's unit moved to Mannington","1861/6/27; F.A.C. reported to Generals McClellan and Morris to give information regarding the roads and the layout of the region","1861/6/29; Elections for new reformed state government of Virginia, F.A.C.'s father, Thomas Cather was elected state senator for Taylor, Monongalia and Preston Counties","1861/7/5; F.A.C. reported a friendly fire incident seriously wounding a soldier","1861/7/6; Army marched to Philippi","1861/7/7; Cather's brigade was General Morris' Rear Body Guard in all night march; fighting began at 9 AM with \"heavy skirmishing with the Rebels\"","1861/7/8; All night fighting and in the evening the Union forces gave the Rebels a \"tremendous raking\" with grape shot","1861/7/9; Artillery battle continued","1861/7/10; Fighting slowed, but Cather reported \"a great deal of reconnoitering\" and commented on the his splendid view of the enemy's camp","1861/7/12; Spies reported the Rebels had pulled out and the Union forces pursued them","1861/7/13; Continued to chase the Rebels across Cheat Mountain under terrible conditions; Federals overtake and defeat the Rebels at Corricks Ford; Cather listed the number of captured arms, equipment and casualties, including Confederate General Robert Garnett, killed in action","1861/7/14; F.A.C. assigned to bury a member of General Garnett's bodyguard, killed with his general; Cather wrote he carried out his orders \". . . as decently as possible\", this included a touching inscription over the boy's grave","1861/7/15; Army crossed the Cheat River for 8th time in two days, returned to camp at Ellicott's","1861/7/16; Army spent the day collecting captured \"property\" of the rebels","1861/7/20; F.A.C. traveled to Beverly and \"took\" supper at General McClellan's quarters","1861/8/5; Cather's outfit moved to Camp Bealington [Belington], assigned as scouts for the area","1861/8/6-12; Cather gathered information regarding secesh activity, scouted the area, and made arrests","1861/8/13; F.A.C. became very ill with symptoms of Typhoid Fever","1861/8/26; F.A.C. attended his home church witnessed \"an exciting debate. . . \" regarding the introduction of politics into religious matters.\"","1861/8/27; F.A.C. called to testify in US [United States] Court against \"certain characters\" charged with treason","1861/9/13; Cather took a squad and destroyed all the liquor they could find","1861/9/15-19; Noted the passing of several units of infantry and artillery as they moved toward Cheat Mountain","1861/10/1- 25; Cather's unit continued assignment of policing and scouting the area","1861/10/26; F.A.C. heard reports to expect renewed fighting at Cheat Mountain with General Lee leading the Rebels","1861/11/26-12/5; F.A.C. nursed a sick friend and soldier, John D. Powell and became ill; Powell moved to E.R. Douglas' house, December 5th","1861/12/6-24; In camp at Bealington [Belington] and visited friends","1861/12/24-31; Visited his family, both parents and F.A.C. were ill","There are 6 items stored in the pockets of Volume 3:","1. 1862 pocket calendar","2. General Order Number 11, February 10, 1862, regarding the examination of officers","3. Business card for Augustus Pollack, Foreign and Domestic Goods, Wheeling","4. Business card for John T. Lakin, Merchant and Taylor, Wheeling","5. Business Card for Cutaiar \u0026 Batchelder, Cigars, Cincinnati, Ohio","6. Army pass from Headquarters, Clarksburg, January 31, 1862","Index to Volume 3:","1863/1/2; President Lincoln signed the bill admitting West Virginia in to the Union","1863/1/3; F.A.C. read the Emancipation Proclamation","1863/1/13; Wrote Governor Pierpont regarding the stealing of horses by rebel guerillas","1863/2/8-14; Took cattle to Baltimore on train to sell, made stops enroute in Cumberland and Martinsburg","1863/2/15; Visited Washington DC, sat in the gallery during a both Senate and House session","1863/2/25; Cather heard that John Righter's guerillas (Confederate) were in the area","1863/3/5; While in Wheeling, F.A.C. \"attending to business\" with Governor Pierpont and A.G. Henry Samuels","1863/3/26; Voted on the ratification of the Willey Amendment to the Constitution of West Virginia","1863/4/15-16; F.A.C. acted as guide with the 6th Virginia Regiment to \"hunt the Rebel horse thieves\"","1863/4/25; Heard of the defeat of Colonel Latham by the Rebels at Beverly","1863/4/27; F.A.C. helped to put \"out the 119th Regiment\" and sent out scouts for Colonel Mulligan","1863/4/30; \"Our troops\" driven out of Bridgeport by the Rebels","1863/5/1; With the militia, started for the \"rebel camp ground at David Coplin's\"","1863/5/2; F.A.C. \"played the secesh\" to obtain information","1863/5/3; Rebels at Bealington [Belington]","1863/5/5-8; Cather busy with duties as the Acting Assistant Adjudant General of the Virginia Militia,","1863/5/9; Rebels headed south and the militia disbanded","1863/5/28; West Virginia's first state election for county and state offices","1863/5/30; Election results, regarding state and county offices, \"the rebel copperheads\" won some county offices and the Union party won state offices","1863/6/7; Friends from Gilmer County, refuged to the Cather home, forced out by Rebel guerillas","1863/6/15; The governor called out the militia and President Lincoln sent 100,000 troops to deal with rebel invasion","1863/6/20; Arthur Boreman inaugurated governor of West Virginia","1863/7/9; F.A.C. heard \"good news from the Army of the Potomac, Meade pursues Lee\"","1863/8/27; Cather reports 150 mules taken by the rebels","1863/10/1; F.A.C. placed ad for \"correspondence with young lady . . .\"","1863/10/2-8; Sick","1863/10/9; Showed Mr. Mallonee some timber","1863/10/11; F.A.C. addressed a note to \"H.V.M.\" (Helen V. Mallonee)","1863/10/21; Seized some \"treasonable circulars\"","1863/10/22; State elections for United States Congress and State legislature","1863/11/15; Attended funeral of Sergeant Francis Marion Brohan, killed at Williamsport","1863/11/26; Cather reported the defeat of Confederate General Bragg in Tennessee","There are 5 items stored in the pockets of Volume 4:","1. Business card for Parker House, Board $1.00 per day, Laporte, Indiana","2. Paper, side one, List of Quartermaster Stores issued to Lieutenant Cather at Beverly, Virginia, September 23, 1861; side two, Bill of goods for Miss M.J. Cather of Flemington, Taylor County","3. Paper with accounts listed regarding cattle sales","4. Minutes of a church meeting, F.A. Cather, Secretary, May 31, 1862","5. Small piece of paper with directions to \"Madison\"","Index to Volume 4:","1863/1/2; President Lincoln signed the bill admitting West Virginia in to the Union","1863/1/3; F.A.C. read the Emancipation Proclamation","1863/1/13; Wrote Governor Pierpont regarding the stealing of horses by rebel guerillas","1863/2/8-14; Took cattle to Baltimore on train to sell, made stops enroute in Cumberland and Martinsburg","1863/2/15; Visited Washington DC, sat in the gallery during a both Senate and House session","1863/2/25; Cather heard that John Righter's guerillas (Confederate) were in the area","1863/3/5; While in Wheeling, F.A.C. \"attending to business\" with Governor Pierpont and A.G. Henry Samuels","1863/3/26; Voted on the ratification of the Willey Amendment to the Constitution of West Virginia","1863/4/15-16; F.A.C. acted as guide with the 6th Virginia Regiment to \"hunt the Rebel horse thieves\"","1863/4/25; Heard of the defeat of Colonel Latham by the Rebels at Beverly","1863/4/27; F.A.C. helped to put \"out the 119th Regiment\" and sent out scouts for Colonel Mulligan","1863/4/30; \"Our troops\" driven out of Bridgeport by the Rebels","1863/5/1; With the militia, started for the \"rebel camp ground at David Coplin's\"","1863/5/2; F.A.C. \"played the secesh\" to obtain information","1863/5/3; Rebels at Bealington [Belington]","1863/5/5-8; Cather busy with duties as the Acting Assistant Adjudant General of the Virginia Militia,","1863/5/9; Rebels headed south and the militia disbanded","1863/5/28; West Virginia's first state election for county and state offices","1863/5/30; Election results, regarding state and county offices, \"the rebel copperheads\" won some county offices and the Union party won state offices","1863/6/7; Friends from Gilmer County, refuged to the Cather home, forced out by Rebel guerillas","1863/6/15; The governor called out the militia and President Lincoln sent 100,000 troops to deal with rebel invasion","1863/6/20; Arthur Boreman inaugurated governor of West Virginia","1863/7/9; F.A.C. heard \"good news from the Army of the Potomac, Meade pursues Lee\"","1863/8/27; Cather reports 150 mules taken by the rebels","1863/10/1; F.A.C. placed ad for \"correspondence with young lady . . .\"","1863/10/2-8; Sick","1863/10/9; Showed Mr. Mallonee some timber","1863/10/11; F.A.C. addressed a note to \"H.V.M.\" (Helen V. Mallonee)","1863/10/21; Seized some \"treasonable circulars\"","1863/10/22; State elections for United States Congress and State legislature","1863/11/15; Attended funeral of Sergeant Francis Marion Brohan, killed at Williamsport","1863/11/26; Cather reported the defeat of Confederate General Bragg in Tennessee","There are 5 items stored in the pockets of Volume 5:","1. Yellow ribbon with print, \"AOP [ Army of the Potomac] Cavalry Corps\"","2. Return to duty pass for Union Private John Steward of Company K, 1st Regiment of Virginia Cavalry, October 18, 1864","3. Pass to allow Lieutenant F.A. Cather through the lines, Beverly, Virginia, November 10, 1861","4. Pass for Lieutenant F.A. Cather, Headquarters, Clarksburg, signed by \"N. Goff\", October 6, 1861","5. Complimentary pass to the \"NorthWestern Virginia Convention\", June 6, 1861; on the back is written \"Lieut. Cather\"","Index to Volume 5:","1864/1/1-3; F.A.C.'s father very ill, doctor prescribed \"McMunn's Elixir of Opium\"","1864/1/4; F.A.C. visited Helen V. Mallonee; his father's condition improved","1864/1/9-28; His father relapsed, the doctors attended and medication prescribed are no help, later Mr. Cather improved with a new medicine from Dr. Fahmey of in Boonsboro, Maryland","1864/1/21; Attended a \"school meeting\" with his brother; a pledge was signed by the \"subscribers\" to \"build and put into operation, an institution of learning\"","1864/1/30; F.A.C. and his brother, Flavius attended a meeting of \"subscribers of West Virginia College\"","1864/2/12; F.A.C. reenlisted in the United States Army at Wheeling","1864/3/10; General Sigel arrived in Wheeling and was \"out welcomed by General Tom Thumb\"","1864/3/13; Cather's unit left for Martinsburg","1864/3/15-20; Arrived in Martinsburg and drilled","1864/3/26; F.A.C. remembers the day as Helen V. Mallonee's 20th birthday","1864/3/27; Cather appointed Judge Advocate for Court Martial duty","1864/5/7; Detailed to take charge of mail line between Martinsburg and Sigel's headquarters","1864/5/8; Met a New York Herald reporter","1864/5/9-10; Army moved from Winchester to Cedar Creek, headquarters established at Cooley's mansion, where F.A.C. discovers several documents with Founding Fathers' signatures","1864/5/11; Rebel Cavalry scouting, some were captured","1864/5/15; After leaving Woodstock, Union forces engaged Rebel Army of General Breckinridge at New Market, F.A.C.'s horse shot out from under him in this Rebel victory, Cather recorded casualties and army property losses","1864/5/16; Army retreated to Cedar Creek","1864/5/17; F.A.C. reported General Sigel unwell","1864/5/22; General David Hunter replaced Fran Sigel as commander of the Department of West Virginia, troops expressed sorrow over Sigel's departure","1864/5/24; Hunter ordered three houses in Newton burned in retaliation for the murder of four Union teamsters","1864/5/26; While marching south, Hunter ordered a \"splendid house near Strasburg\" to be burned","1864/5/29; Camped at Rude's Hill, F.A.C. visited the wounded left, \"in Rebel hands\" at New Market","1864/6/2; After skirmishing with Imboden, Hunter headquartered at Harrisonburg with \"loyal citizens\", Cather commented the area had \"quite a number of loyal citizens\"","1864/6/4; Destroyed two woolen factories","1864/6/5; Fought and defeated Imboden and Jones. General Grumble Jones killed, Cather listed the number of casualties and claimed the federal artillery fired 3500 rounds","1864/6/6; Entered Staunton, a target of the campaign with \"pomp and circumstance\" included bands playing, Rebel prisoners jailed in a prison built by the Confederates for Union prisoners, F.A.C. roomed at the American Hotel with Lieutenant John Megis","1864/6/8; Cather on Provost Duty; examined the \"Wesleyan Female Col. Institute. . . Rather an unpleasant task\"","1864/6/9-10; Seized, burned and destroyed considerable \"C.S. property\", including flour mills","1864/6/11; Army moved to Lexington, the town was shelled before entered, F.A.C. visited VMI [Virginia Military Institute]","1864/6/12; F.A.C. recorded houses searched, property seized, VMI [Virginia Military Institute] magazine along with a few professors' houses and Governor Letcher's house were burned; the army camped on the Washington College Green, Cather commented Washington College \"was the place of Dr. George Junkin's persecution and from where he was driven in 1861\"","1864/6/14-15; Marched to Buchanan in Botetourt County, \"intensely rebel\"; the command left Buchanan, and crossed the Blue Ridge, camped near Liberty","1864/6/16; After destroying railroads, marched south, heavy fighting erupted outside of Lynchburg, Union troops forced to retreat","1864/6/17-23; Army fell back to Buford's Gap, engaged in continuous fight with Mc Clausland, including at Catawba Mountain, continued to retreat over the mountains to Sweet Sulfur Springs; Cather described the very poor condition of the Hunter's army at the end of the retreat","1864/6/25; Army camped at Meadow Buff, \"have nothing to eat\"","1864/6/26-27; Army moved to and Hawks Nest, crossed Gauley River and camp at Widow Huddleson's; army resupplied","1864/6/30; General Hunter, staff and Cather at Charleston","1864/7/1; Colonel Capehart, \"in person\" requested F.A.C.'s return to his regiment, granted and F.A.C. given command of Company K.","1864/7/3; F.A.C. visited home and Helen Mallonee","1864/7/19; Army moved to Martinsburg, Rebels burning private property","1864/7/21; Army moved through Winchester, F.A.C. sent on scout to Cedar Creek","1864/7/22; Battle broke out south of Winchester, Federals badly beaten, Cather declared, \"they whipped us\"","1864/7/24; Worked at General Custer's headquarters in AM; in PM, heavy fight, Federal Cavalry \"whipped\"; Cather witnessed, \" the worst skedaddle I have ever seen . . . Army perfectly demoralized . . . Averill (Federal cavalry commander Colonel William Averell) drunk\"","1864/7/25; Federals made a stand at Martinsburg, repulsed Rebel attack","1864/7/28-31; (See Cather's note under the 28th entry, regarding entries 28th through 31st) Army moved from Hagerstown, Md to Greencastle, Pa; Cather sent \"to make contact with the enemy\", returned to find the division under Averill [Averell] gone; he was cut off by the Rebels and forced to hide in South Mountain","1864/8/ ; Cather's division patrolled southwestern Pennsylvania, including Chambersburg and western Maryland areas, some skirmishing with Jubal Early's forces","1864/8/14-17; Detached as Judge Advocate for Court Martial duty","1864/8/18; Sent to scout Major Gilmer at Martinsburg","1864/8/19-21; Encamped at Fairplains, F.A.C. heard \"very heavy cannonading . . . Suppose between Sheridan and Early\"(General Phil Sheridan now in command of the Federal Forces replacing Hunter)","1864/8/22; Cather reported on the Battle of Berryville","1864/8/26; F.A.C.'s company and three others of the 1st West Virginia battled with F.H. Lee's cavalry at Williamsport, denied the rebels entry to the town","1864/9/2; In cavalry charge south of Martinsburg, Cather reported large number of Confederate property and prisoners captured","1864/9/3; Rebels attacked and repulsed at Bunker Hill, Cather's horse killed by artillery shell","1864/9/4-8; F.A.C.'s company involved with Rebel cavalry in several fights, he recorded \"Averill [Averell] drunk\" several times","1864/9/19; Cather gave report of the \"complete victory for the US troops\" at the Battle of Winchester, including his company's part.","1864/9/20; After defeat, Early fortified his command at Fisher's Hill","1864/9/22-23; Battle of Fisher's Hill, a Federal victory, Sheridan orders were to pursue the enemy \"with all possible speed\" up the Valley","1864/9/24; Sheridan removed Averell from command of Cather's division, Colonel Powell took over division","1864/9/27; Cavalry fight near Port Republic, Custer took command of the division","1864/9/29; F.A.C. received orders to remove and collect \"all forage and subsistence everywhere in the pathway of the division\"; also ordered to burn barns","1864/9/30; Custer given another command, Colonel Powell back in charge","1864/10/1; F.A.C. recorded, \"Burn and destroy everything as we go except dwelling houses\", Mosby captured and hung four federal soldiers","1864/10/3; Entry reads, \"nothing of importance. . . except the shooting of one or two N.Y. Vedettas\"","1864/10/5; Raid to Sperryville, forces moved toward Culpepper","1864/10/6; On the Rapidan River, raid and destroyed railroad bridge; return to command in the Valley, Cather described this as \" very hazardous \"","1864/10/7-10; Column at Front Royal","1864/10/11; On guard near Cedar Creek","1864/10/12; Cather heard fighting near Cedar Creek from his post,","1864/10/14-18; F.A.C. at Front Royal in command of his squadron, Company I and K, on picket duty","1864/10/19; Described the Union victory at Cedar Creek and counts of captured property","1864/10/20; F.A.C. went to Winchester needed medical treatment for his hand","1864/10/22-26; Returned to duty, US troops engaged the Rebels in their \"well entrenched\" positions near Milford, Federals pulled back to Front Royal","1864/10/27-28; Cather's squadron had drawn picket duty, while there was \"excitement in vicinity of the camp\" caused by reports of Mosby's command in the area, \"making scouting interesting\"; Cather comments, \"Much dissatisfaction among men and officers opposed to General Powell's retaliatory orders to hang prisoners\"","1864/10/28-11/3; F.A.C. fought illness again","1864/11/4; Detached to go to Millford, ran into Rebel pickets","1864/11/7-16; F.A.C. in hospital","1864/11/17; Left hospital, assigned AAAG (Acting Assistant Adjutant General) of 2nd Brigade","1864/11/22; Engaged Early's army at Rude's Hill","1864/11/24; Thanksgiving Day and New York City supplied the dinners","1864/11/28-30; First Cavalry Division under command of General Devon, Colonel Capehart commanding 2nd Brigade, F.A.C. as Acting Assistant Adjudant General","1864/12/17; Cather reported the 14th Cavalry attacked by Mosby, suffered heavy losses","1864/12/19; Received 15 day leave, went home","1864/12/20-26; Visited family, friends and Helen Mallonee","There are 2 items stored in the pockets of Volume 6:","1. Name card, hand written, side one, \"F.A. Cather\"; side two, \"Hattie E. Massey, Bellingham, Mass\"","2. Special Order Number 4, January 10, 1862, Wheeling, Assigning Lieutenant F.A. Cather for Volunteer Recruiting Service in Clarksburg, Virginia","Index to Volume 6:","1865/1/6; Returns to duty at Winchester as Acting Assistant Adjudant General, 2nd Cavalry Division, 2nd Cavalry West Virginia","1865/2/26; Commented on the capture of several Carolina forts and cities","1865/2/27; F.A.C.'s brigade moved out to Rue's Run, 1st and 3rd Division's under Custer, Cather's Brigade, 3rd Brigade, 3rd Cavalry Division","1865/3/1-2; Union Cavalry charged near Mt Crawford and battle at Waynesboro, heavy Rebel losses described","1865/3/3; Reached Charlottesville, burned railroad depots along the way; F.A.C and Captain Burleigh with six men flanked a Rebel scouting party","1865/3/4-6; Continued destruction of railroads, bridges and depots in the Piedmont; also captured the 23th Virginia Cavalry Battle flag","1865/3/8-9; Returned to division, destroyed the James River Canal","1865/3/12; Almost captured General Early at Thomson's Cross Roads","1865/3/13; F.A.C. and company ordered to burn tobacco factory and warehouses near Fredrick Hall, estimated worth, $200,000","1865/3/14-16; Destruction continued as army marched east","1865/3/18-27; Sheridan's command marched through several historic areas and plantations in the Tidewater of Virginia; Cather commented on the sights, including the battle torn land and the \"Immense earthworks all over this country\"","1865/3/29-30; Marched around Grant's left, advanced through heavy rain and mud to Dinwiddie Court House","1865/3/31; Battle ensued at Dinwiddie Court House against 3rd Rebel Cavalry, Johnson and Pickett's Infantry, heavy losses","1865/4/1; Battle of Five Forks, major Federal victory, F.A.C. listed casualties and captured arms and equipment","1865/4/2; Cather gave detailed account of the battle where 3rd West Virginia Cavalry charged and drove Rebel Cavalry near Ford's Station, \"overtook the Rebels at Namozine Creek\"; Lieutenant General A.P. Hill killed, depot destroyed with huge amount of Rebel supplies","1865/4/3; Cather reported with details, \"Rebel's evacuated their positions last night\" (at Petersburg), Federal Cavalry pursued and battle erupted near Winticomack Creek, F.A.C. described it as a \"terrible fight\"","1865/4/6; Battle at Saylor's Creek, 3rd Federal Cavalry charged the enemy's work; several Confederate officers captured including Generals Custis Lee, Richard Ewell and Joseph Kershaw","1865/4/7; Federal army marched towards Prince Edward Court House, three Federal corps \"directly in Lee's rear\", Cather described movements of Lee and Grant's armies","1865/4/8; Federal Cavalry met General Longstreet at Appomattox Station, \"an engagement of the most desperate character . . . ensued\"; that night, F.A.C. described his corps' position as \"immediately in front of Lee's Army\"","1865/4/9; Longstreet sent a flag of truce through the lines, asked Custer for a suspension of hostilities until Generals Grant and Lee agree to terms; Cather observed during the suspension, \" the armies mingle and talk. . . . as friends\"; Lee surrendered","1865/4/10; F.A.C. rode through Rebel army, saw many old acquaintances","1865/4/11; Federal army marched, \"gay and happy\", passed through Prince Edward Court House where white flags were, \" floating from every house. . . \"","1865/4/13-17; F.A.C. assigned as Acting Assistant Adjudant General to Lieutenant Colonel Charles Capehart and the 3rd Brigade, 3rd Division; General Custer now in command of Division","1865/4/18-19; Marched to Petersburg, F.A.C. \"viewed\" the destruction of the bombardment","1865/4/29; Cather reported the news of Johnson's surrender to Sherman","1865/5/5; Spent pleasant evening at General Custer's Headquarters","1865/5/8; F.A.C. promoted to Captain of the 1st West Virginia Veterans Cavalry","1865/5/9; Cather recorded his observations of Richmond including the number of \"Negros\" and \"of the 1000's seen, not one in a 1000 were of pure African blood, all had more or less white blood in them\"","1865/5/15; After Federal army marched over the Manassas Battlefield, enroute to Washington, F.A.C. recorded a poignant observation, \" The scenes of today will be ever prominent in the history of the rebellion, as the scenes of the early part of the war where McDowell, McClellan and Pope commanded\"","1865/5/16-20; Encamped outside Washington DC","1865/5/23; In Washington DC, the Review of the Grand Army of the Republic by President Johnson and Lieutenant General Grant, among other national and international officials; Captain Cather's Cavalry Division was first in the line of march to pass in review, Cather described the scene as \"...the grandest thing of the kind ever known\"","1865/5/24; Cather witnessed Sherman's Army passing in review down Pennsylvania Ave.","1865/5/25; F.A.C. promoted to AAG (Assistant Adjutant General) of the 3rd Cavalry Division under General Capehart","1865/5/29; Encamped outside of Alexandria","1865/6/4; Last diary entry; \"Quite a riot in camp. . . The bummers clean out the Corps' purveyor \u0026 Brigade purveyor... \"","Addendum includes:","Two copies of images of Fabricius A. Cather, both scanned from original photographs: 1.) portrait of Cather in dress uniform as a Union Officer during the war, ca. 1864; 2.) portrait of Cather in civilian clothes, ca. 1868. These can be found on West Virginia History OnView.","Two copies of Cather's military service papers: 1.) commission as a major in U. S. Army and 2.) discharge from the army.","Photocopies of Cather's 1873 Kansas Land Grant, and information regarding Cather family burial plots in Kansas.","Information documenting Cather family history and genealogical charts."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_75bd7e0834464e1d478f5cad6172f71f\"\u003eCivil War diaries authored by First Lieutenant (later Major) Fabricius A. Cather from Flemington, Taylor County, West Virginia, records his experiences in the military and political conflicts of the Civil War. The six diaries, and a transcribed copy of the original 1864 and 1865 diaries, contain entries for the years 1860 to 1865 regarding western Virginia's grassroots efforts to secede from the Confederacy and establish a new state, and of the first battles and skirmishes such as Rich Mountain and Corricks Ford. He describes campaigns involving his regiment, the First West Virginia Cavalry, including the 1864 Shenandoah Valley Campaign under Sigel, Hunter, Sheridan, and Custer against Breckenridge, Early, and Mosby's Rangers; the last battles of Petersburg as Grant broke the Rebel lines; and the continuous fighting during Lee's retreat. Although most diary entries are one or two sentences in length, some entries in 1864 and 1865 are longer, perhaps due to his full involvement in combat. The collection also contains 18 items stored in pockets inside the covers of the diaries, including headquarters passes, business cards, and a complimentary pass for Lt. Cather to attend the June, 1861 \"NorthWestern Virginia Convention\" in Wheeling. An Addendum includes two scans of photos of Cather, two scans of Civil War military service papers, photocopies of an 1873 Kansas Land Grant, and genealogy material documenting the Cather family.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Civil War diaries authored by First Lieutenant (later Major) Fabricius A. Cather from Flemington, Taylor County, West Virginia, records his experiences in the military and political conflicts of the Civil War. The six diaries, and a transcribed copy of the original 1864 and 1865 diaries, contain entries for the years 1860 to 1865 regarding western Virginia's grassroots efforts to secede from the Confederacy and establish a new state, and of the first battles and skirmishes such as Rich Mountain and Corricks Ford. He describes campaigns involving his regiment, the First West Virginia Cavalry, including the 1864 Shenandoah Valley Campaign under Sigel, Hunter, Sheridan, and Custer against Breckenridge, Early, and Mosby's Rangers; the last battles of Petersburg as Grant broke the Rebel lines; and the continuous fighting during Lee's retreat. Although most diary entries are one or two sentences in length, some entries in 1864 and 1865 are longer, perhaps due to his full involvement in combat. The collection also contains 18 items stored in pockets inside the covers of the diaries, including headquarters passes, business cards, and a complimentary pass for Lt. Cather to attend the June, 1861 \"NorthWestern Virginia Convention\" in Wheeling. An Addendum includes two scans of photos of Cather, two scans of Civil War military service papers, photocopies of an 1873 Kansas Land Grant, and genealogy material documenting the Cather family."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_10795b130dc966c3158bbf1fb340c0e3\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Cather, Fabricius A."],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"names_coll_ssim":["Cather, Fabricius A."],"persname_ssim":["Cather, Fabricius A."],"language_ssim":["English \n.    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