{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1893\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=United+States+--++History++--+Civil+War%2C+1861-1865","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1893\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=United+States+--++History++--+Civil+War%2C+1861-1865\u0026page=1"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":7,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1382","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Bennett Taylor papers--addition, 1851/1894","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1382#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eMSS 9221 Bennett Taylor papers consist of family correspondence with letters to and from Bennett about education at the University of Virginia, descriptions of United States Civil War battles including the 19th Virginia Regiment Company F, Picketts Divison at 2nd Manassas, a prisoner exchange for Lieutenant Colonel Bennett Taylor from Johnson Island in Lake Erie New York, and family news of descendants of Thomas Jefferson and local Charlottesville families from 1851-1894. Correspondence of Bennett Taylor (1836-1898): 30 letters. In addition to the letters there is a University of Virginia examination report for Bennett Taylor's father John Charles Randolph Taylor, dated July 5, 1860.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1382#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1382","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1382","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1382","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1382","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1382.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/146269","title_filing_ssi":"Taylor, Bennett papers addition","title_ssm":["Bennett Taylor papers--addition"],"title_tesim":["Bennett Taylor papers--addition"],"unitdate_ssm":["1851-1894"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1851-1894"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1851/1894"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Bennett Taylor papers--addition, 1851/1894"],"text":["Bennett Taylor papers--addition, 1851/1894","MSS 9221","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1382","United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","letters (correspondence)","The collection is open for research use.","Folder 1 contains the family correspondence of 30 letters from and to Bennett Taylor from 1851 to 1894 including an examination from the University of Virginia for his father John Charles Randolph Taylor. This folder is an addition to Folder 2.","Folder 2 is the original collection which contains photocopies of the letters in the family correspondence of Bennett Taylor from 1851 to 1894. It also has printed information about the Taylor family.","There is also a CD containing digital files of the 30 letters of family correspondence.","Lieutenant Colonel Bennett Taylor was born in 1836 to Martha Jefferson Randolph Taylor (who was a great-granddaughter of Thomas Jefferson) (1817-1857) and John Charles Randolph Taylor (1812-1875) in Jefferson County Va. [now West Virginia]. He attended the University of Virginia from 1854 to 1859. At the onset of the American Civil War, he entered the 19th Virginia Regiment, Company F, Picketts Division. After the war he became the proprietor and editor of the Charlottesville Chronicle from 1868-1871. He became clerk of the Circuit Court in 1872 and remained in that office until May 1886 when he resigned.He was also the Town Magistrate and Justice of the Peace. He practiced as an attorney at the Albemarle bar until 1889 when he went to Radford where he resided until his death.He often helped poor clients and did not receive payment for his work while he struggled to pay his own rent. He wrote to his sons that he wished he had money to help them get started in their lives. Many of his family members worked for the railroad. He was married to Lucy Colston Taylor (1842-1928) from Frederick County and they had six children, Raleigh Taylor (1869-1952), Lewis Taylor (1871-1945), John Charles Taylor (1874-1962), Pattie Taylor (1867-1903), Jane Taylor (1881-1940) and Edward Taylor (1877-1940).","MSS 9221 Bennett Taylor papers consist of family correspondence with letters to and from Bennett about education at the University of Virginia, descriptions of United States Civil War battles including the 19th Virginia Regiment Company F, Picketts Divison at 2nd Manassas, a prisoner exchange for Lieutenant Colonel Bennett Taylor from Johnson Island in Lake Erie New York, and family news of descendants of Thomas Jefferson and local Charlottesville families from 1851-1894. Correspondence of Bennett Taylor (1836-1898): 30 letters. In addition to the letters there is a University of Virginia examination report for Bennett Taylor's father John Charles Randolph Taylor, dated July 5, 1860.","Many of the letters are digitized on the Thomas Jefferson Foundation website. Also included is a compact disk containing scans of the 30 Taylor family letters.","While Bennett Taylor had a low income and probably did not enslave people, his relatives did. Some letters describe \"servants\" who are helping them with cooking or cleaning or experiencing sickness.  One letter in particular mentions the selling of \"Eugenia\". (January 8, 1857) It is likely that this is an enslaved person.","This addition to the collection contains the original letters. The existing collection contains photocopies of the letters, and printed items including a circular about Bennett Taylor campaigning for Clerk of the Circuit Court (October 1, 1874), a Sketch of the Life of Lieutenant Colonel Bennett Taylor, Death memoriam of Jane Hollins Randolph (January 18, 1871), and information about the death of Captain Lewis Randolph. There is also an essay containing the genealogy of Rawleigh Colston.","There is a related collection in the University Archives that contains an autograph album of Bennett Taylor with signatures of his fraternity brothers, Alph Kappa at the University of Virginia. 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One CD of digital files of the 30 family letters."],"extent_tesim":["0.08 Cubic Feet 2 legal size folders including existing collection. 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It also has printed information about the Taylor family.","There is also a CD containing digital files of the 30 letters of family correspondence."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLieutenant Colonel Bennett Taylor was born in 1836 to Martha Jefferson Randolph Taylor (who was a great-granddaughter of Thomas Jefferson) (1817-1857) and John Charles Randolph Taylor (1812-1875) in Jefferson County Va. [now West Virginia]. He attended the University of Virginia from 1854 to 1859. At the onset of the American Civil War, he entered the 19th Virginia Regiment, Company F, Picketts Division. After the war he became the proprietor and editor of the Charlottesville Chronicle from 1868-1871. He became clerk of the Circuit Court in 1872 and remained in that office until May 1886 when he resigned.He was also the Town Magistrate and Justice of the Peace. He practiced as an attorney at the Albemarle bar until 1889 when he went to Radford where he resided until his death.He often helped poor clients and did not receive payment for his work while he struggled to pay his own rent. He wrote to his sons that he wished he had money to help them get started in their lives. Many of his family members worked for the railroad. He was married to Lucy Colston Taylor (1842-1928) from Frederick County and they had six children, Raleigh Taylor (1869-1952), Lewis Taylor (1871-1945), John Charles Taylor (1874-1962), Pattie Taylor (1867-1903), Jane Taylor (1881-1940) and Edward Taylor (1877-1940).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Lieutenant Colonel Bennett Taylor was born in 1836 to Martha Jefferson Randolph Taylor (who was a great-granddaughter of Thomas Jefferson) (1817-1857) and John Charles Randolph Taylor (1812-1875) in Jefferson County Va. [now West Virginia]. He attended the University of Virginia from 1854 to 1859. At the onset of the American Civil War, he entered the 19th Virginia Regiment, Company F, Picketts Division. After the war he became the proprietor and editor of the Charlottesville Chronicle from 1868-1871. He became clerk of the Circuit Court in 1872 and remained in that office until May 1886 when he resigned.He was also the Town Magistrate and Justice of the Peace. He practiced as an attorney at the Albemarle bar until 1889 when he went to Radford where he resided until his death.He often helped poor clients and did not receive payment for his work while he struggled to pay his own rent. He wrote to his sons that he wished he had money to help them get started in their lives. Many of his family members worked for the railroad. He was married to Lucy Colston Taylor (1842-1928) from Frederick County and they had six children, Raleigh Taylor (1869-1952), Lewis Taylor (1871-1945), John Charles Taylor (1874-1962), Pattie Taylor (1867-1903), Jane Taylor (1881-1940) and Edward Taylor (1877-1940)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 9221, Bennett Taylor papers,Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 9221, Bennett Taylor papers,Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 9221 Bennett Taylor papers consist of family correspondence with letters to and from Bennett about education at the University of Virginia, descriptions of United States Civil War battles including the 19th Virginia Regiment Company F, Picketts Divison at 2nd Manassas, a prisoner exchange for Lieutenant Colonel Bennett Taylor from Johnson Island in Lake Erie New York, and family news of descendants of Thomas Jefferson and local Charlottesville families from 1851-1894. Correspondence of Bennett Taylor (1836-1898): 30 letters. In addition to the letters there is a University of Virginia examination report for Bennett Taylor's father John Charles Randolph Taylor, dated July 5, 1860.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMany of the letters are digitized on the Thomas Jefferson Foundation website. Also included is a compact disk containing scans of the 30 Taylor family letters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhile Bennett Taylor had a low income and probably did not enslave people, his relatives did. Some letters describe \"servants\" who are helping them with cooking or cleaning or experiencing sickness.  One letter in particular mentions the selling of \"Eugenia\". (January 8, 1857) It is likely that this is an enslaved person.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis addition to the collection contains the original letters. The existing collection contains photocopies of the letters, and printed items including a circular about Bennett Taylor campaigning for Clerk of the Circuit Court (October 1, 1874), a Sketch of the Life of Lieutenant Colonel Bennett Taylor, Death memoriam of Jane Hollins Randolph (January 18, 1871), and information about the death of Captain Lewis Randolph. There is also an essay containing the genealogy of Rawleigh Colston.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is a related collection in the University Archives that contains an autograph album of Bennett Taylor with signatures of his fraternity brothers, Alph Kappa at the University of Virginia. RG-30/17/1.821\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["MSS 9221 Bennett Taylor papers consist of family correspondence with letters to and from Bennett about education at the University of Virginia, descriptions of United States Civil War battles including the 19th Virginia Regiment Company F, Picketts Divison at 2nd Manassas, a prisoner exchange for Lieutenant Colonel Bennett Taylor from Johnson Island in Lake Erie New York, and family news of descendants of Thomas Jefferson and local Charlottesville families from 1851-1894. Correspondence of Bennett Taylor (1836-1898): 30 letters. In addition to the letters there is a University of Virginia examination report for Bennett Taylor's father John Charles Randolph Taylor, dated July 5, 1860.","Many of the letters are digitized on the Thomas Jefferson Foundation website. Also included is a compact disk containing scans of the 30 Taylor family letters.","While Bennett Taylor had a low income and probably did not enslave people, his relatives did. Some letters describe \"servants\" who are helping them with cooking or cleaning or experiencing sickness.  One letter in particular mentions the selling of \"Eugenia\". (January 8, 1857) It is likely that this is an enslaved person.","This addition to the collection contains the original letters. The existing collection contains photocopies of the letters, and printed items including a circular about Bennett Taylor campaigning for Clerk of the Circuit Court (October 1, 1874), a Sketch of the Life of Lieutenant Colonel Bennett Taylor, Death memoriam of Jane Hollins Randolph (January 18, 1871), and information about the death of Captain Lewis Randolph. There is also an essay containing the genealogy of Rawleigh Colston.","There is a related collection in the University Archives that contains an autograph album of Bennett Taylor with signatures of his fraternity brothers, Alph Kappa at the University of Virginia. RG-30/17/1.821"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":36,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:53:24.943Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1382","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1382","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1382","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1382","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1382.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/146269","title_filing_ssi":"Taylor, Bennett papers addition","title_ssm":["Bennett Taylor papers--addition"],"title_tesim":["Bennett Taylor papers--addition"],"unitdate_ssm":["1851-1894"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1851-1894"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1851/1894"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Bennett Taylor papers--addition, 1851/1894"],"text":["Bennett Taylor papers--addition, 1851/1894","MSS 9221","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1382","United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","letters (correspondence)","The collection is open for research use.","Folder 1 contains the family correspondence of 30 letters from and to Bennett Taylor from 1851 to 1894 including an examination from the University of Virginia for his father John Charles Randolph Taylor. This folder is an addition to Folder 2.","Folder 2 is the original collection which contains photocopies of the letters in the family correspondence of Bennett Taylor from 1851 to 1894. It also has printed information about the Taylor family.","There is also a CD containing digital files of the 30 letters of family correspondence.","Lieutenant Colonel Bennett Taylor was born in 1836 to Martha Jefferson Randolph Taylor (who was a great-granddaughter of Thomas Jefferson) (1817-1857) and John Charles Randolph Taylor (1812-1875) in Jefferson County Va. [now West Virginia]. He attended the University of Virginia from 1854 to 1859. At the onset of the American Civil War, he entered the 19th Virginia Regiment, Company F, Picketts Division. After the war he became the proprietor and editor of the Charlottesville Chronicle from 1868-1871. He became clerk of the Circuit Court in 1872 and remained in that office until May 1886 when he resigned.He was also the Town Magistrate and Justice of the Peace. He practiced as an attorney at the Albemarle bar until 1889 when he went to Radford where he resided until his death.He often helped poor clients and did not receive payment for his work while he struggled to pay his own rent. He wrote to his sons that he wished he had money to help them get started in their lives. Many of his family members worked for the railroad. He was married to Lucy Colston Taylor (1842-1928) from Frederick County and they had six children, Raleigh Taylor (1869-1952), Lewis Taylor (1871-1945), John Charles Taylor (1874-1962), Pattie Taylor (1867-1903), Jane Taylor (1881-1940) and Edward Taylor (1877-1940).","MSS 9221 Bennett Taylor papers consist of family correspondence with letters to and from Bennett about education at the University of Virginia, descriptions of United States Civil War battles including the 19th Virginia Regiment Company F, Picketts Divison at 2nd Manassas, a prisoner exchange for Lieutenant Colonel Bennett Taylor from Johnson Island in Lake Erie New York, and family news of descendants of Thomas Jefferson and local Charlottesville families from 1851-1894. Correspondence of Bennett Taylor (1836-1898): 30 letters. In addition to the letters there is a University of Virginia examination report for Bennett Taylor's father John Charles Randolph Taylor, dated July 5, 1860.","Many of the letters are digitized on the Thomas Jefferson Foundation website. Also included is a compact disk containing scans of the 30 Taylor family letters.","While Bennett Taylor had a low income and probably did not enslave people, his relatives did. Some letters describe \"servants\" who are helping them with cooking or cleaning or experiencing sickness.  One letter in particular mentions the selling of \"Eugenia\". (January 8, 1857) It is likely that this is an enslaved person.","This addition to the collection contains the original letters. The existing collection contains photocopies of the letters, and printed items including a circular about Bennett Taylor campaigning for Clerk of the Circuit Court (October 1, 1874), a Sketch of the Life of Lieutenant Colonel Bennett Taylor, Death memoriam of Jane Hollins Randolph (January 18, 1871), and information about the death of Captain Lewis Randolph. There is also an essay containing the genealogy of Rawleigh Colston.","There is a related collection in the University Archives that contains an autograph album of Bennett Taylor with signatures of his fraternity brothers, Alph Kappa at the University of Virginia. 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It also has printed information about the Taylor family.","There is also a CD containing digital files of the 30 letters of family correspondence."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLieutenant Colonel Bennett Taylor was born in 1836 to Martha Jefferson Randolph Taylor (who was a great-granddaughter of Thomas Jefferson) (1817-1857) and John Charles Randolph Taylor (1812-1875) in Jefferson County Va. [now West Virginia]. He attended the University of Virginia from 1854 to 1859. At the onset of the American Civil War, he entered the 19th Virginia Regiment, Company F, Picketts Division. After the war he became the proprietor and editor of the Charlottesville Chronicle from 1868-1871. He became clerk of the Circuit Court in 1872 and remained in that office until May 1886 when he resigned.He was also the Town Magistrate and Justice of the Peace. He practiced as an attorney at the Albemarle bar until 1889 when he went to Radford where he resided until his death.He often helped poor clients and did not receive payment for his work while he struggled to pay his own rent. He wrote to his sons that he wished he had money to help them get started in their lives. Many of his family members worked for the railroad. He was married to Lucy Colston Taylor (1842-1928) from Frederick County and they had six children, Raleigh Taylor (1869-1952), Lewis Taylor (1871-1945), John Charles Taylor (1874-1962), Pattie Taylor (1867-1903), Jane Taylor (1881-1940) and Edward Taylor (1877-1940).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Lieutenant Colonel Bennett Taylor was born in 1836 to Martha Jefferson Randolph Taylor (who was a great-granddaughter of Thomas Jefferson) (1817-1857) and John Charles Randolph Taylor (1812-1875) in Jefferson County Va. [now West Virginia]. He attended the University of Virginia from 1854 to 1859. At the onset of the American Civil War, he entered the 19th Virginia Regiment, Company F, Picketts Division. After the war he became the proprietor and editor of the Charlottesville Chronicle from 1868-1871. He became clerk of the Circuit Court in 1872 and remained in that office until May 1886 when he resigned.He was also the Town Magistrate and Justice of the Peace. He practiced as an attorney at the Albemarle bar until 1889 when he went to Radford where he resided until his death.He often helped poor clients and did not receive payment for his work while he struggled to pay his own rent. He wrote to his sons that he wished he had money to help them get started in their lives. Many of his family members worked for the railroad. He was married to Lucy Colston Taylor (1842-1928) from Frederick County and they had six children, Raleigh Taylor (1869-1952), Lewis Taylor (1871-1945), John Charles Taylor (1874-1962), Pattie Taylor (1867-1903), Jane Taylor (1881-1940) and Edward Taylor (1877-1940)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 9221, Bennett Taylor papers,Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 9221, Bennett Taylor papers,Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 9221 Bennett Taylor papers consist of family correspondence with letters to and from Bennett about education at the University of Virginia, descriptions of United States Civil War battles including the 19th Virginia Regiment Company F, Picketts Divison at 2nd Manassas, a prisoner exchange for Lieutenant Colonel Bennett Taylor from Johnson Island in Lake Erie New York, and family news of descendants of Thomas Jefferson and local Charlottesville families from 1851-1894. Correspondence of Bennett Taylor (1836-1898): 30 letters. In addition to the letters there is a University of Virginia examination report for Bennett Taylor's father John Charles Randolph Taylor, dated July 5, 1860.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMany of the letters are digitized on the Thomas Jefferson Foundation website. Also included is a compact disk containing scans of the 30 Taylor family letters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhile Bennett Taylor had a low income and probably did not enslave people, his relatives did. Some letters describe \"servants\" who are helping them with cooking or cleaning or experiencing sickness.  One letter in particular mentions the selling of \"Eugenia\". (January 8, 1857) It is likely that this is an enslaved person.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis addition to the collection contains the original letters. The existing collection contains photocopies of the letters, and printed items including a circular about Bennett Taylor campaigning for Clerk of the Circuit Court (October 1, 1874), a Sketch of the Life of Lieutenant Colonel Bennett Taylor, Death memoriam of Jane Hollins Randolph (January 18, 1871), and information about the death of Captain Lewis Randolph. There is also an essay containing the genealogy of Rawleigh Colston.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is a related collection in the University Archives that contains an autograph album of Bennett Taylor with signatures of his fraternity brothers, Alph Kappa at the University of Virginia. RG-30/17/1.821\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["MSS 9221 Bennett Taylor papers consist of family correspondence with letters to and from Bennett about education at the University of Virginia, descriptions of United States Civil War battles including the 19th Virginia Regiment Company F, Picketts Divison at 2nd Manassas, a prisoner exchange for Lieutenant Colonel Bennett Taylor from Johnson Island in Lake Erie New York, and family news of descendants of Thomas Jefferson and local Charlottesville families from 1851-1894. Correspondence of Bennett Taylor (1836-1898): 30 letters. In addition to the letters there is a University of Virginia examination report for Bennett Taylor's father John Charles Randolph Taylor, dated July 5, 1860.","Many of the letters are digitized on the Thomas Jefferson Foundation website. Also included is a compact disk containing scans of the 30 Taylor family letters.","While Bennett Taylor had a low income and probably did not enslave people, his relatives did. Some letters describe \"servants\" who are helping them with cooking or cleaning or experiencing sickness.  One letter in particular mentions the selling of \"Eugenia\". (January 8, 1857) It is likely that this is an enslaved person.","This addition to the collection contains the original letters. The existing collection contains photocopies of the letters, and printed items including a circular about Bennett Taylor campaigning for Clerk of the Circuit Court (October 1, 1874), a Sketch of the Life of Lieutenant Colonel Bennett Taylor, Death memoriam of Jane Hollins Randolph (January 18, 1871), and information about the death of Captain Lewis Randolph. There is also an essay containing the genealogy of Rawleigh Colston.","There is a related collection in the University Archives that contains an autograph album of Bennett Taylor with signatures of his fraternity brothers, Alph Kappa at the University of Virginia. RG-30/17/1.821"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":36,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:53:24.943Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1382"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1682","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Ellen Strong Bartlett letters, 1864/1897","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1682#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Bartlett, Ellen Strong, 1848-1940","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1682#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection primarily contains the letters of Ellen \"Nellie\" Strong Bartlett, author and historian, when she was sixteen years old. Ten letters describe her trip to Washington, D.C., from January to early March 1864. She stayed with her aunt and uncle, Julia and David Bartlett. David Bartlett wrote an early and influential campaign biography of Abraham Lincoln and served as the Clerk of the Committee on Elections in the House of Representatives. The letters describe her travels to Washington and the scene in the nation's capital shortly before the close of the Civil War. She tells her impressions of Lincoln and other political and military officials, accounts of public events, private parties, sightseeing excursions in and beyond the city, and the trends of ladies' fashion. Most letters are from Nellie to her family, most to her parents, but one to her grandmother. Also included is a letter written by her grandmother while Nellie was in Washington and a letter from her mother to Nellie while she visited her Grandparents in September. There is also one letter addressed to a woman named Sadie, written by Nellie's grandmother. In addition to the letters are a Certificate of Non-Liability, which exempted her father from the draft, and a prospectus for her book \"Historical Sketches of New Haven.\" Also included are transcripts of the letters from the vendor.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1682#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1682","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1682","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1682","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1682","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1682.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/196864","title_filing_ssi":"Bartlett, Ellen Strong letters","title_ssm":["Ellen Strong Bartlett letters"],"title_tesim":["Ellen Strong Bartlett letters"],"unitdate_ssm":["1864-1897"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1864-1897"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1864/1897"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Ellen Strong Bartlett letters, 1864/1897"],"text":["Ellen Strong Bartlett letters, 1864/1897","MSS 16854","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1682","United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives","good","This collection is minimally processed and open for research.","Ellen \"Nellie\" Strong Bartlett was born on March 28, 1849 to Ellen Root Strong and John Newton Bartlett in New Haven, Connecticut. Ellen began to write at a young age, principally focusing on her surroundings in New Haven. One of Bartlett's earliest books was \"Bits from Great Grandmother's Diary\", a collection of insights from her great grandmother who lived in Farmington and experienced the Revolutionary War. Ellen's great grandmother also served as an official editor for the Colony (later State) of Connecticut. Ellen's seminal work was \"Historical Sketches of New Haven\", published in 1897. The book is in part a collection of her writings that appeared in \"New England Magazine\" and \"The Connecticut Quarterly\". It offers a portrait of mid-nineteenth century New Haven, Connecticut through the exploration of centuries of history, photographs, architectural analysis, and folklore descriptions. Bartlett's \"Historical Sketches of New Haven\" set the precedent for how local histories were researched and written thereafter. Ellen died in New Haven on May 1, 1940 at the age of 91. She is interred at the Fairview Cemetery in Hartford County.","This collection primarily contains the letters of Ellen \"Nellie\" Strong Bartlett, author and historian, when she was sixteen years old. Ten letters describe her trip to Washington, D.C., from January to early March 1864. She stayed with her aunt and uncle, Julia and David Bartlett. David Bartlett wrote an early and influential campaign biography of Abraham Lincoln and served as the Clerk of the Committee on Elections in the House of Representatives. The letters describe her travels to Washington and the scene in the nation's capital shortly before the close of the Civil War. She tells her impressions of Lincoln and other political and military officials, accounts of public events, private parties, sightseeing excursions in and beyond the city, and the trends of ladies' fashion. Most letters are from Nellie to her family, most to her parents, but one to her grandmother. Also included is a letter written by her grandmother while Nellie was in Washington and a letter from her mother to Nellie while she visited her Grandparents in September. There is also one letter addressed to a woman named Sadie, written by Nellie's grandmother. In addition to the letters are a Certificate of Non-Liability, which exempted her father from the draft, and a prospectus for her book \"Historical Sketches of New Haven.\" Also included are transcripts of the letters from the vendor.","The Library believes that all or nearly all material in this collection is likely to be in the public domain, free of copyright restrictions. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co.","Bartlett, Ellen Strong, 1848-1940","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Ellen Strong Bartlett letters, 1864/1897"],"collection_ssim":["Ellen Strong Bartlett letters, 1864/1897"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16854","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1682"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16854","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1682"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives"],"geogname_ssim":["United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives"],"places_ssim":["United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives"],"creator_ssm":["Bartlett, Ellen Strong, 1848-1940","James Arsenault and Co."],"creator_ssim":["Bartlett, Ellen Strong, 1848-1940","James Arsenault and Co."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Bartlett, Ellen Strong, 1848-1940"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co."],"creators_ssim":["Bartlett, Ellen Strong, 1848-1940","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co."],"access_terms_ssm":["The Library believes that all or nearly all material in this collection is likely to be in the public domain, free of copyright restrictions. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from James Arsenault and Co. by the Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia on 29 May 2024."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["good"],"extent_ssm":[".03 Cubic Feet 1 letter folder"],"extent_tesim":[".03 Cubic Feet 1 letter folder"],"date_range_isim":[1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is minimally processed and open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is minimally processed and open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEllen \"Nellie\" Strong Bartlett was born on March 28, 1849 to Ellen Root Strong and John Newton Bartlett in New Haven, Connecticut. Ellen began to write at a young age, principally focusing on her surroundings in New Haven. One of Bartlett's earliest books was \"Bits from Great Grandmother's Diary\", a collection of insights from her great grandmother who lived in Farmington and experienced the Revolutionary War. Ellen's great grandmother also served as an official editor for the Colony (later State) of Connecticut. Ellen's seminal work was \"Historical Sketches of New Haven\", published in 1897. The book is in part a collection of her writings that appeared in \"New England Magazine\" and \"The Connecticut Quarterly\". It offers a portrait of mid-nineteenth century New Haven, Connecticut through the exploration of centuries of history, photographs, architectural analysis, and folklore descriptions. Bartlett's \"Historical Sketches of New Haven\" set the precedent for how local histories were researched and written thereafter. Ellen died in New Haven on May 1, 1940 at the age of 91. She is interred at the Fairview Cemetery in Hartford County.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical Description"],"bioghist_tesim":["Ellen \"Nellie\" Strong Bartlett was born on March 28, 1849 to Ellen Root Strong and John Newton Bartlett in New Haven, Connecticut. Ellen began to write at a young age, principally focusing on her surroundings in New Haven. One of Bartlett's earliest books was \"Bits from Great Grandmother's Diary\", a collection of insights from her great grandmother who lived in Farmington and experienced the Revolutionary War. Ellen's great grandmother also served as an official editor for the Colony (later State) of Connecticut. Ellen's seminal work was \"Historical Sketches of New Haven\", published in 1897. The book is in part a collection of her writings that appeared in \"New England Magazine\" and \"The Connecticut Quarterly\". It offers a portrait of mid-nineteenth century New Haven, Connecticut through the exploration of centuries of history, photographs, architectural analysis, and folklore descriptions. Bartlett's \"Historical Sketches of New Haven\" set the precedent for how local histories were researched and written thereafter. Ellen died in New Haven on May 1, 1940 at the age of 91. She is interred at the Fairview Cemetery in Hartford County."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16854, Ellen Strong Bartlett letters, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16854, Ellen Strong Bartlett letters, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection primarily contains the letters of Ellen \"Nellie\" Strong Bartlett, author and historian, when she was sixteen years old. Ten letters describe her trip to Washington, D.C., from January to early March 1864. She stayed with her aunt and uncle, Julia and David Bartlett. David Bartlett wrote an early and influential campaign biography of Abraham Lincoln and served as the Clerk of the Committee on Elections in the House of Representatives. The letters describe her travels to Washington and the scene in the nation's capital shortly before the close of the Civil War. She tells her impressions of Lincoln and other political and military officials, accounts of public events, private parties, sightseeing excursions in and beyond the city, and the trends of ladies' fashion. Most letters are from Nellie to her family, most to her parents, but one to her grandmother. Also included is a letter written by her grandmother while Nellie was in Washington and a letter from her mother to Nellie while she visited her Grandparents in September. There is also one letter addressed to a woman named Sadie, written by Nellie's grandmother. In addition to the letters are a Certificate of Non-Liability, which exempted her father from the draft, and a prospectus for her book \"Historical Sketches of New Haven.\" Also included are transcripts of the letters from the vendor.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection primarily contains the letters of Ellen \"Nellie\" Strong Bartlett, author and historian, when she was sixteen years old. Ten letters describe her trip to Washington, D.C., from January to early March 1864. She stayed with her aunt and uncle, Julia and David Bartlett. David Bartlett wrote an early and influential campaign biography of Abraham Lincoln and served as the Clerk of the Committee on Elections in the House of Representatives. The letters describe her travels to Washington and the scene in the nation's capital shortly before the close of the Civil War. She tells her impressions of Lincoln and other political and military officials, accounts of public events, private parties, sightseeing excursions in and beyond the city, and the trends of ladies' fashion. Most letters are from Nellie to her family, most to her parents, but one to her grandmother. Also included is a letter written by her grandmother while Nellie was in Washington and a letter from her mother to Nellie while she visited her Grandparents in September. There is also one letter addressed to a woman named Sadie, written by Nellie's grandmother. In addition to the letters are a Certificate of Non-Liability, which exempted her father from the draft, and a prospectus for her book \"Historical Sketches of New Haven.\" Also included are transcripts of the letters from the vendor."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Library believes that all or nearly all material in this collection is likely to be in the public domain, free of copyright restrictions. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The Library believes that all or nearly all material in this collection is likely to be in the public domain, free of copyright restrictions. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co."],"names_coll_ssim":["James Arsenault and Co."],"persname_ssim":["Bartlett, Ellen Strong, 1848-1940"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co.","Bartlett, Ellen Strong, 1848-1940"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:53:44.527Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1682","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1682","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1682","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1682","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1682.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/196864","title_filing_ssi":"Bartlett, Ellen Strong letters","title_ssm":["Ellen Strong Bartlett letters"],"title_tesim":["Ellen Strong Bartlett letters"],"unitdate_ssm":["1864-1897"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1864-1897"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1864/1897"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Ellen Strong Bartlett letters, 1864/1897"],"text":["Ellen Strong Bartlett letters, 1864/1897","MSS 16854","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1682","United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives","good","This collection is minimally processed and open for research.","Ellen \"Nellie\" Strong Bartlett was born on March 28, 1849 to Ellen Root Strong and John Newton Bartlett in New Haven, Connecticut. Ellen began to write at a young age, principally focusing on her surroundings in New Haven. One of Bartlett's earliest books was \"Bits from Great Grandmother's Diary\", a collection of insights from her great grandmother who lived in Farmington and experienced the Revolutionary War. Ellen's great grandmother also served as an official editor for the Colony (later State) of Connecticut. Ellen's seminal work was \"Historical Sketches of New Haven\", published in 1897. The book is in part a collection of her writings that appeared in \"New England Magazine\" and \"The Connecticut Quarterly\". It offers a portrait of mid-nineteenth century New Haven, Connecticut through the exploration of centuries of history, photographs, architectural analysis, and folklore descriptions. Bartlett's \"Historical Sketches of New Haven\" set the precedent for how local histories were researched and written thereafter. Ellen died in New Haven on May 1, 1940 at the age of 91. She is interred at the Fairview Cemetery in Hartford County.","This collection primarily contains the letters of Ellen \"Nellie\" Strong Bartlett, author and historian, when she was sixteen years old. Ten letters describe her trip to Washington, D.C., from January to early March 1864. She stayed with her aunt and uncle, Julia and David Bartlett. David Bartlett wrote an early and influential campaign biography of Abraham Lincoln and served as the Clerk of the Committee on Elections in the House of Representatives. The letters describe her travels to Washington and the scene in the nation's capital shortly before the close of the Civil War. She tells her impressions of Lincoln and other political and military officials, accounts of public events, private parties, sightseeing excursions in and beyond the city, and the trends of ladies' fashion. Most letters are from Nellie to her family, most to her parents, but one to her grandmother. Also included is a letter written by her grandmother while Nellie was in Washington and a letter from her mother to Nellie while she visited her Grandparents in September. There is also one letter addressed to a woman named Sadie, written by Nellie's grandmother. In addition to the letters are a Certificate of Non-Liability, which exempted her father from the draft, and a prospectus for her book \"Historical Sketches of New Haven.\" Also included are transcripts of the letters from the vendor.","The Library believes that all or nearly all material in this collection is likely to be in the public domain, free of copyright restrictions. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co.","Bartlett, Ellen Strong, 1848-1940","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Ellen Strong Bartlett letters, 1864/1897"],"collection_ssim":["Ellen Strong Bartlett letters, 1864/1897"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16854","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1682"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16854","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1682"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives"],"geogname_ssim":["United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives"],"places_ssim":["United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives"],"creator_ssm":["Bartlett, Ellen Strong, 1848-1940","James Arsenault and Co."],"creator_ssim":["Bartlett, Ellen Strong, 1848-1940","James Arsenault and Co."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Bartlett, Ellen Strong, 1848-1940"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co."],"creators_ssim":["Bartlett, Ellen Strong, 1848-1940","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co."],"access_terms_ssm":["The Library believes that all or nearly all material in this collection is likely to be in the public domain, free of copyright restrictions. 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Ellen began to write at a young age, principally focusing on her surroundings in New Haven. One of Bartlett's earliest books was \"Bits from Great Grandmother's Diary\", a collection of insights from her great grandmother who lived in Farmington and experienced the Revolutionary War. Ellen's great grandmother also served as an official editor for the Colony (later State) of Connecticut. Ellen's seminal work was \"Historical Sketches of New Haven\", published in 1897. The book is in part a collection of her writings that appeared in \"New England Magazine\" and \"The Connecticut Quarterly\". It offers a portrait of mid-nineteenth century New Haven, Connecticut through the exploration of centuries of history, photographs, architectural analysis, and folklore descriptions. Bartlett's \"Historical Sketches of New Haven\" set the precedent for how local histories were researched and written thereafter. Ellen died in New Haven on May 1, 1940 at the age of 91. She is interred at the Fairview Cemetery in Hartford County.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical Description"],"bioghist_tesim":["Ellen \"Nellie\" Strong Bartlett was born on March 28, 1849 to Ellen Root Strong and John Newton Bartlett in New Haven, Connecticut. Ellen began to write at a young age, principally focusing on her surroundings in New Haven. One of Bartlett's earliest books was \"Bits from Great Grandmother's Diary\", a collection of insights from her great grandmother who lived in Farmington and experienced the Revolutionary War. Ellen's great grandmother also served as an official editor for the Colony (later State) of Connecticut. Ellen's seminal work was \"Historical Sketches of New Haven\", published in 1897. The book is in part a collection of her writings that appeared in \"New England Magazine\" and \"The Connecticut Quarterly\". It offers a portrait of mid-nineteenth century New Haven, Connecticut through the exploration of centuries of history, photographs, architectural analysis, and folklore descriptions. Bartlett's \"Historical Sketches of New Haven\" set the precedent for how local histories were researched and written thereafter. Ellen died in New Haven on May 1, 1940 at the age of 91. She is interred at the Fairview Cemetery in Hartford County."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16854, Ellen Strong Bartlett letters, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16854, Ellen Strong Bartlett letters, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection primarily contains the letters of Ellen \"Nellie\" Strong Bartlett, author and historian, when she was sixteen years old. Ten letters describe her trip to Washington, D.C., from January to early March 1864. She stayed with her aunt and uncle, Julia and David Bartlett. David Bartlett wrote an early and influential campaign biography of Abraham Lincoln and served as the Clerk of the Committee on Elections in the House of Representatives. The letters describe her travels to Washington and the scene in the nation's capital shortly before the close of the Civil War. She tells her impressions of Lincoln and other political and military officials, accounts of public events, private parties, sightseeing excursions in and beyond the city, and the trends of ladies' fashion. Most letters are from Nellie to her family, most to her parents, but one to her grandmother. Also included is a letter written by her grandmother while Nellie was in Washington and a letter from her mother to Nellie while she visited her Grandparents in September. There is also one letter addressed to a woman named Sadie, written by Nellie's grandmother. In addition to the letters are a Certificate of Non-Liability, which exempted her father from the draft, and a prospectus for her book \"Historical Sketches of New Haven.\" Also included are transcripts of the letters from the vendor.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection primarily contains the letters of Ellen \"Nellie\" Strong Bartlett, author and historian, when she was sixteen years old. Ten letters describe her trip to Washington, D.C., from January to early March 1864. She stayed with her aunt and uncle, Julia and David Bartlett. David Bartlett wrote an early and influential campaign biography of Abraham Lincoln and served as the Clerk of the Committee on Elections in the House of Representatives. The letters describe her travels to Washington and the scene in the nation's capital shortly before the close of the Civil War. She tells her impressions of Lincoln and other political and military officials, accounts of public events, private parties, sightseeing excursions in and beyond the city, and the trends of ladies' fashion. Most letters are from Nellie to her family, most to her parents, but one to her grandmother. Also included is a letter written by her grandmother while Nellie was in Washington and a letter from her mother to Nellie while she visited her Grandparents in September. There is also one letter addressed to a woman named Sadie, written by Nellie's grandmother. In addition to the letters are a Certificate of Non-Liability, which exempted her father from the draft, and a prospectus for her book \"Historical Sketches of New Haven.\" Also included are transcripts of the letters from the vendor."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Library believes that all or nearly all material in this collection is likely to be in the public domain, free of copyright restrictions. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The Library believes that all or nearly all material in this collection is likely to be in the public domain, free of copyright restrictions. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co."],"names_coll_ssim":["James Arsenault and Co."],"persname_ssim":["Bartlett, Ellen Strong, 1848-1940"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co.","Bartlett, Ellen Strong, 1848-1940"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:53:44.527Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1682"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1503","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"George Julian Pratt papers--addition 3 Civil War military order, 1865/1894","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1503#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eOriginal offensive military order given on April 9, 1865 from Brigadier General William L. \"Mudwall\" Jackson ordering 18th Virginia Cavalry Lieutenant George Julian Pratt to burn the railroad bridges near Lynchburg.There is a photocopy of this military order in the existing collection but this is the original order which is a note scrawled on a scrap of paper by General Jackson. It is accompanied by a letter from L. L. Lomax in the War department thanking Pratt for a copy of the order for their records in 1894. This item is now with the original papers of George Julian Pratt.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1503#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1503","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1503","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1503","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1503","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1503.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/189188","title_filing_ssi":"Pratt, George Julian, papers","title_ssm":["George Julian Pratt papers--addition 3 Civil War military order"],"title_tesim":["George Julian Pratt papers--addition 3 Civil War military order"],"unitdate_ssm":["1865, 1894"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1865, 1894"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1865/1894"],"normalized_title_ssm":["George Julian Pratt papers--addition 3 Civil War military order, 1865/1894"],"text":["George Julian Pratt papers--addition 3 Civil War military order, 1865/1894","MSS 11283","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1503","United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","The collection is open for research use.","George Julian Pratt (1843-1924) was the son of the first superintendent of the buildings and grounds of the University of Virgina and a noted architect, William Abott Pratt (1818-1879). Julian Pratt attended the University of Virginia from 1858 to 1861 before joining the Sons of Liberty. He served as a Captain of a marine battery on Roanoke Island, and was taken prisoner and exchanged in Feburary of 1862. Pratt served in the 1st Virginia Partisan Rangers under John D. Imboden, and then transferred to Company H of the 18th Virginia Cavalry raising a Company behind enemy lines.","General William Lowther Jackson (1825-1890) was an American politician, Lieutenant Governor of Virginia, Circuit Judge of the 19th District, and proponent of enslavery. He served in the Confederate Army was and was recommended to General Robert E. Lee. He was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel of the 31st Virginia Infantry Regiment  and assigned to the command of General Robert S. Garnett.  He participated in the Western Virginia Campaign and the battles of Rich Mountain and Cheat Mountain. In July 1861 he was promoted to rank of Colonel. In early 1862 he became a Volunteer Aide-de-camp to his cousin, Maj.Gen. Thomas J. Jackson; and participated in his campaigns during the year.","In February 1863 William Jackson was authorized to organize a mounted regiment for service behind the enemy lines and he raised the 19th Virginia Cavalry. His regiment immediately joined the Jones-Imboden Raid, first under command of Albert G. Jenkins, then under John D. Imboden. Jackson stayed in western Virginia, being assigned to command a cavalry brigade; fighting in the battles of Bulltown and Cloyd's Mountain. In 1864 he joined Lieutenant General Jubal Early in the Valley Campaigns from May to October. He received his promotion to Brigadier General on December 19, 1864.","On April 15, 1865, six days after Gen. Lee surrendered the Army of Northern Virginia at Appomattox Court House, he disbanded his brigade. Refusing to surrender he headed westwards, finally getting a parole in Brownsville, Texas, on July 26, 1865.","Original offensive military order given on April 9, 1865 from Brigadier General William L. \"Mudwall\" Jackson ordering 18th Virginia Cavalry Lieutenant George Julian Pratt to burn the railroad bridges near Lynchburg.There is a photocopy of this military order in the existing collection but this is the original order which is a note scrawled on a scrap of paper by General Jackson. It is accompanied by a letter from L. L. Lomax in the War department thanking Pratt for a copy of the order for their records in 1894. This item is now with the original papers of George Julian Pratt.","Curator David Whitesell writes, \"If Pratt had succeeded, this desperate move might have bought time despite cutting off Robert E. Lee's Confederate forces from their only supply source. But it was too late, for Lee was already negotiating surrender terms at Appomattox... I was happy to bring this evocative document 'home.\"","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["George Julian Pratt papers--addition 3 Civil War military order, 1865/1894"],"collection_ssim":["George Julian Pratt papers--addition 3 Civil War military order, 1865/1894"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 11283","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1503"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 11283","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1503"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"geogname_ssim":["United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"places_ssim":["United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creators_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from Cal Packard, Museum Quality Americana by the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 13 March 2018."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.04 Cubic Feet Added 1 legal folder to existing collection"],"extent_tesim":["0.04 Cubic Feet Added 1 legal folder to existing collection"],"date_range_isim":[1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Julian Pratt (1843-1924) was the son of the first superintendent of the buildings and grounds of the University of Virgina and a noted architect, William Abott Pratt (1818-1879). Julian Pratt attended the University of Virginia from 1858 to 1861 before joining the Sons of Liberty. He served as a Captain of a marine battery on Roanoke Island, and was taken prisoner and exchanged in Feburary of 1862. Pratt served in the 1st Virginia Partisan Rangers under John D. Imboden, and then transferred to Company H of the 18th Virginia Cavalry raising a Company behind enemy lines. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGeneral William Lowther Jackson (1825-1890) was an American politician, Lieutenant Governor of Virginia, Circuit Judge of the 19th District, and proponent of enslavery. He served in the Confederate Army was and was recommended to General Robert E. Lee. He was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel of the 31st Virginia Infantry Regiment  and assigned to the command of General Robert S. Garnett.  He participated in the Western Virginia Campaign and the battles of Rich Mountain and Cheat Mountain. In July 1861 he was promoted to rank of Colonel. In early 1862 he became a Volunteer Aide-de-camp to his cousin, Maj.Gen. Thomas J. Jackson; and participated in his campaigns during the year. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn February 1863 William Jackson was authorized to organize a mounted regiment for service behind the enemy lines and he raised the 19th Virginia Cavalry. His regiment immediately joined the Jones-Imboden Raid, first under command of Albert G. Jenkins, then under John D. Imboden. Jackson stayed in western Virginia, being assigned to command a cavalry brigade; fighting in the battles of Bulltown and Cloyd's Mountain. In 1864 he joined Lieutenant General Jubal Early in the Valley Campaigns from May to October. He received his promotion to Brigadier General on December 19, 1864.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn April 15, 1865, six days after Gen. Lee surrendered the Army of Northern Virginia at Appomattox Court House, he disbanded his brigade. Refusing to surrender he headed westwards, finally getting a parole in Brownsville, Texas, on July 26, 1865.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["George Julian Pratt (1843-1924) was the son of the first superintendent of the buildings and grounds of the University of Virgina and a noted architect, William Abott Pratt (1818-1879). Julian Pratt attended the University of Virginia from 1858 to 1861 before joining the Sons of Liberty. He served as a Captain of a marine battery on Roanoke Island, and was taken prisoner and exchanged in Feburary of 1862. Pratt served in the 1st Virginia Partisan Rangers under John D. Imboden, and then transferred to Company H of the 18th Virginia Cavalry raising a Company behind enemy lines.","General William Lowther Jackson (1825-1890) was an American politician, Lieutenant Governor of Virginia, Circuit Judge of the 19th District, and proponent of enslavery. He served in the Confederate Army was and was recommended to General Robert E. Lee. He was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel of the 31st Virginia Infantry Regiment  and assigned to the command of General Robert S. Garnett.  He participated in the Western Virginia Campaign and the battles of Rich Mountain and Cheat Mountain. In July 1861 he was promoted to rank of Colonel. In early 1862 he became a Volunteer Aide-de-camp to his cousin, Maj.Gen. Thomas J. Jackson; and participated in his campaigns during the year.","In February 1863 William Jackson was authorized to organize a mounted regiment for service behind the enemy lines and he raised the 19th Virginia Cavalry. His regiment immediately joined the Jones-Imboden Raid, first under command of Albert G. Jenkins, then under John D. Imboden. Jackson stayed in western Virginia, being assigned to command a cavalry brigade; fighting in the battles of Bulltown and Cloyd's Mountain. In 1864 he joined Lieutenant General Jubal Early in the Valley Campaigns from May to October. He received his promotion to Brigadier General on December 19, 1864.","On April 15, 1865, six days after Gen. Lee surrendered the Army of Northern Virginia at Appomattox Court House, he disbanded his brigade. Refusing to surrender he headed westwards, finally getting a parole in Brownsville, Texas, on July 26, 1865."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 11283, George Julian Pratt papers addition 3 Civil War military order, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 11283, George Julian Pratt papers addition 3 Civil War military order, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOriginal offensive military order given on April 9, 1865 from Brigadier General William L. \"Mudwall\" Jackson ordering 18th Virginia Cavalry Lieutenant George Julian Pratt to burn the railroad bridges near Lynchburg.There is a photocopy of this military order in the existing collection but this is the original order which is a note scrawled on a scrap of paper by General Jackson. It is accompanied by a letter from L. L. Lomax in the War department thanking Pratt for a copy of the order for their records in 1894. This item is now with the original papers of George Julian Pratt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCurator David Whitesell writes, \"If Pratt had succeeded, this desperate move might have bought time despite cutting off Robert E. Lee's Confederate forces from their only supply source. But it was too late, for Lee was already negotiating surrender terms at Appomattox... I was happy to bring this evocative document 'home.\"\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Original offensive military order given on April 9, 1865 from Brigadier General William L. \"Mudwall\" Jackson ordering 18th Virginia Cavalry Lieutenant George Julian Pratt to burn the railroad bridges near Lynchburg.There is a photocopy of this military order in the existing collection but this is the original order which is a note scrawled on a scrap of paper by General Jackson. It is accompanied by a letter from L. L. Lomax in the War department thanking Pratt for a copy of the order for their records in 1894. This item is now with the original papers of George Julian Pratt.","Curator David Whitesell writes, \"If Pratt had succeeded, this desperate move might have bought time despite cutting off Robert E. Lee's Confederate forces from their only supply source. But it was too late, for Lee was already negotiating surrender terms at Appomattox... I was happy to bring this evocative document 'home.\""],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:53:38.700Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1503","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1503","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1503","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1503","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1503.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/189188","title_filing_ssi":"Pratt, George Julian, papers","title_ssm":["George Julian Pratt papers--addition 3 Civil War military order"],"title_tesim":["George Julian Pratt papers--addition 3 Civil War military order"],"unitdate_ssm":["1865, 1894"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1865, 1894"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1865/1894"],"normalized_title_ssm":["George Julian Pratt papers--addition 3 Civil War military order, 1865/1894"],"text":["George Julian Pratt papers--addition 3 Civil War military order, 1865/1894","MSS 11283","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1503","United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","The collection is open for research use.","George Julian Pratt (1843-1924) was the son of the first superintendent of the buildings and grounds of the University of Virgina and a noted architect, William Abott Pratt (1818-1879). Julian Pratt attended the University of Virginia from 1858 to 1861 before joining the Sons of Liberty. He served as a Captain of a marine battery on Roanoke Island, and was taken prisoner and exchanged in Feburary of 1862. Pratt served in the 1st Virginia Partisan Rangers under John D. Imboden, and then transferred to Company H of the 18th Virginia Cavalry raising a Company behind enemy lines.","General William Lowther Jackson (1825-1890) was an American politician, Lieutenant Governor of Virginia, Circuit Judge of the 19th District, and proponent of enslavery. He served in the Confederate Army was and was recommended to General Robert E. Lee. He was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel of the 31st Virginia Infantry Regiment  and assigned to the command of General Robert S. Garnett.  He participated in the Western Virginia Campaign and the battles of Rich Mountain and Cheat Mountain. In July 1861 he was promoted to rank of Colonel. In early 1862 he became a Volunteer Aide-de-camp to his cousin, Maj.Gen. Thomas J. Jackson; and participated in his campaigns during the year.","In February 1863 William Jackson was authorized to organize a mounted regiment for service behind the enemy lines and he raised the 19th Virginia Cavalry. His regiment immediately joined the Jones-Imboden Raid, first under command of Albert G. Jenkins, then under John D. Imboden. Jackson stayed in western Virginia, being assigned to command a cavalry brigade; fighting in the battles of Bulltown and Cloyd's Mountain. In 1864 he joined Lieutenant General Jubal Early in the Valley Campaigns from May to October. He received his promotion to Brigadier General on December 19, 1864.","On April 15, 1865, six days after Gen. Lee surrendered the Army of Northern Virginia at Appomattox Court House, he disbanded his brigade. Refusing to surrender he headed westwards, finally getting a parole in Brownsville, Texas, on July 26, 1865.","Original offensive military order given on April 9, 1865 from Brigadier General William L. \"Mudwall\" Jackson ordering 18th Virginia Cavalry Lieutenant George Julian Pratt to burn the railroad bridges near Lynchburg.There is a photocopy of this military order in the existing collection but this is the original order which is a note scrawled on a scrap of paper by General Jackson. It is accompanied by a letter from L. L. Lomax in the War department thanking Pratt for a copy of the order for their records in 1894. This item is now with the original papers of George Julian Pratt.","Curator David Whitesell writes, \"If Pratt had succeeded, this desperate move might have bought time despite cutting off Robert E. Lee's Confederate forces from their only supply source. But it was too late, for Lee was already negotiating surrender terms at Appomattox... I was happy to bring this evocative document 'home.\"","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["George Julian Pratt papers--addition 3 Civil War military order, 1865/1894"],"collection_ssim":["George Julian Pratt papers--addition 3 Civil War military order, 1865/1894"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 11283","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1503"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 11283","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1503"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"geogname_ssim":["United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"places_ssim":["United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creators_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from Cal Packard, Museum Quality Americana by the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 13 March 2018."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.04 Cubic Feet Added 1 legal folder to existing collection"],"extent_tesim":["0.04 Cubic Feet Added 1 legal folder to existing collection"],"date_range_isim":[1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Julian Pratt (1843-1924) was the son of the first superintendent of the buildings and grounds of the University of Virgina and a noted architect, William Abott Pratt (1818-1879). Julian Pratt attended the University of Virginia from 1858 to 1861 before joining the Sons of Liberty. He served as a Captain of a marine battery on Roanoke Island, and was taken prisoner and exchanged in Feburary of 1862. Pratt served in the 1st Virginia Partisan Rangers under John D. Imboden, and then transferred to Company H of the 18th Virginia Cavalry raising a Company behind enemy lines. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGeneral William Lowther Jackson (1825-1890) was an American politician, Lieutenant Governor of Virginia, Circuit Judge of the 19th District, and proponent of enslavery. He served in the Confederate Army was and was recommended to General Robert E. Lee. He was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel of the 31st Virginia Infantry Regiment  and assigned to the command of General Robert S. Garnett.  He participated in the Western Virginia Campaign and the battles of Rich Mountain and Cheat Mountain. In July 1861 he was promoted to rank of Colonel. In early 1862 he became a Volunteer Aide-de-camp to his cousin, Maj.Gen. Thomas J. Jackson; and participated in his campaigns during the year. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn February 1863 William Jackson was authorized to organize a mounted regiment for service behind the enemy lines and he raised the 19th Virginia Cavalry. His regiment immediately joined the Jones-Imboden Raid, first under command of Albert G. Jenkins, then under John D. Imboden. Jackson stayed in western Virginia, being assigned to command a cavalry brigade; fighting in the battles of Bulltown and Cloyd's Mountain. In 1864 he joined Lieutenant General Jubal Early in the Valley Campaigns from May to October. He received his promotion to Brigadier General on December 19, 1864.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn April 15, 1865, six days after Gen. Lee surrendered the Army of Northern Virginia at Appomattox Court House, he disbanded his brigade. Refusing to surrender he headed westwards, finally getting a parole in Brownsville, Texas, on July 26, 1865.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["George Julian Pratt (1843-1924) was the son of the first superintendent of the buildings and grounds of the University of Virgina and a noted architect, William Abott Pratt (1818-1879). Julian Pratt attended the University of Virginia from 1858 to 1861 before joining the Sons of Liberty. He served as a Captain of a marine battery on Roanoke Island, and was taken prisoner and exchanged in Feburary of 1862. Pratt served in the 1st Virginia Partisan Rangers under John D. Imboden, and then transferred to Company H of the 18th Virginia Cavalry raising a Company behind enemy lines.","General William Lowther Jackson (1825-1890) was an American politician, Lieutenant Governor of Virginia, Circuit Judge of the 19th District, and proponent of enslavery. He served in the Confederate Army was and was recommended to General Robert E. Lee. He was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel of the 31st Virginia Infantry Regiment  and assigned to the command of General Robert S. Garnett.  He participated in the Western Virginia Campaign and the battles of Rich Mountain and Cheat Mountain. In July 1861 he was promoted to rank of Colonel. In early 1862 he became a Volunteer Aide-de-camp to his cousin, Maj.Gen. Thomas J. Jackson; and participated in his campaigns during the year.","In February 1863 William Jackson was authorized to organize a mounted regiment for service behind the enemy lines and he raised the 19th Virginia Cavalry. His regiment immediately joined the Jones-Imboden Raid, first under command of Albert G. Jenkins, then under John D. Imboden. Jackson stayed in western Virginia, being assigned to command a cavalry brigade; fighting in the battles of Bulltown and Cloyd's Mountain. In 1864 he joined Lieutenant General Jubal Early in the Valley Campaigns from May to October. He received his promotion to Brigadier General on December 19, 1864.","On April 15, 1865, six days after Gen. Lee surrendered the Army of Northern Virginia at Appomattox Court House, he disbanded his brigade. Refusing to surrender he headed westwards, finally getting a parole in Brownsville, Texas, on July 26, 1865."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 11283, George Julian Pratt papers addition 3 Civil War military order, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 11283, George Julian Pratt papers addition 3 Civil War military order, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOriginal offensive military order given on April 9, 1865 from Brigadier General William L. \"Mudwall\" Jackson ordering 18th Virginia Cavalry Lieutenant George Julian Pratt to burn the railroad bridges near Lynchburg.There is a photocopy of this military order in the existing collection but this is the original order which is a note scrawled on a scrap of paper by General Jackson. It is accompanied by a letter from L. L. Lomax in the War department thanking Pratt for a copy of the order for their records in 1894. This item is now with the original papers of George Julian Pratt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCurator David Whitesell writes, \"If Pratt had succeeded, this desperate move might have bought time despite cutting off Robert E. Lee's Confederate forces from their only supply source. But it was too late, for Lee was already negotiating surrender terms at Appomattox... I was happy to bring this evocative document 'home.\"\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Original offensive military order given on April 9, 1865 from Brigadier General William L. \"Mudwall\" Jackson ordering 18th Virginia Cavalry Lieutenant George Julian Pratt to burn the railroad bridges near Lynchburg.There is a photocopy of this military order in the existing collection but this is the original order which is a note scrawled on a scrap of paper by General Jackson. It is accompanied by a letter from L. L. Lomax in the War department thanking Pratt for a copy of the order for their records in 1894. This item is now with the original papers of George Julian Pratt.","Curator David Whitesell writes, \"If Pratt had succeeded, this desperate move might have bought time despite cutting off Robert E. Lee's Confederate forces from their only supply source. But it was too late, for Lee was already negotiating surrender terms at Appomattox... I was happy to bring this evocative document 'home.\""],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:53:38.700Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1503"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1507","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Joel Gardner collections of war memorabilia and materials related to the University of Virginia, 1848/1970","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1507#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains war materials and materials related to the University of Virginia both donated by Joel Gardner. The war memorabila is from the eighteenth to the twenty-first century including a certification that Sergeant James Goldsmith served in the Continental Army in 1781; a letter dated July 8, 1862 requesting permission to form a \"Company of 'Partisan Rangers\" from the Confederate States Army; a photograph of Neville Chamberlain and Adolf Hitler following a September 24, 1938 meeting; and a swatch of fabric from a life raft used by Francis Gary Powers after being shot down while on a surveillance mission to the Soviet Union in 1960.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1507#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1507","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1507","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1507","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1507","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1507.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/189192","title_filing_ssi":"Gardner, Joel, collection of war memorabilia and materials related to the University of Virginia","title_ssm":["Joel Gardner collections of war memorabilia and materials related to the University of Virginia"],"title_tesim":["Joel Gardner collections of war memorabilia and materials related to the University of Virginia"],"unitdate_ssm":["1848-1970"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1848-1970"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1848/1970"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Joel Gardner collections of war memorabilia and materials related to the University of Virginia, 1848/1970"],"text":["Joel Gardner collections of war memorabilia and materials related to the University of Virginia, 1848/1970","MSS 16773","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1507","United States --  History  -- Revolution, 1775-1783","United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","University of Virginia","Vietnam War, 1961-1975 -- University of Virginia","The collection is open for research use except for one folder in the series on University of Virginia materials which is restricted due to FERPA.","One folder is restricted in the series University of Virginia materials due to FERPA.","about subjects in this collection:","Jonathan Meigs (1740-1823), a colonel in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, was one of the settlers of the Northwest Territory in what is now the state of Ohio. He later served the federal government as an Indian agent working with the Cherokee in southeastern Tennessee. He also served under Colonel Benedict Arnold and kept a journal of their expedition. One of his most important achievements during the Revolutionary War was leading the Meigs Raid against the British forces in Sag Harbor, New York, in May 1777. \nAs an acting commander of the 1st Connecticut Brigade, he put down an incipient mutiny and received the written thanks of General George Washington.","After the Revolution, Meigs was appointed surveyor of the Ohio Company of Associates. In April 1788, at age 47, he was one of a party of pioneers to the Northwest Territory from New England. They reached the confluence of the Muskingum and Ohio rivers, where he participated in the founding of Marietta, Ohio. Subsequently, he entered political life, being appointed as a territorial judge","In 1801, Meigs went to Tennessee to fill the combined position of US Indian agent to the Cherokee Nation and military agent for the United States War Department. Charles R. Hicks, a European and bilingual Cherokee, worked as his interpreter for some time. Hicks later became a chief of the Cherokee.Meigs promoted the well-being of the Cherokee, defended their rights in treaty negotiations, and encouraged Cherokee efforts to establish a republican form of government.","The Partisan Ranger Act was passed on April 21, 1862 by the Confederate Congress. It was intended as a stimulus for recruitment of irregulars for service into the Confederate Army during the American Civil War. The Confederate leadership, like the Union leadership, later opposed the use of unconventional warfare out of fear the lack of discipline among rival guerrilla groups could spiral out of control. On February 17, 1864, the law was repealed after pressure from General Robert E. Lee and other Confederate regulars.","HITLER \u0026 CHAMBERLAIN, 1938. British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain (left) photographed with German Chancellor Adolf Hitler at Godesberg, Germany, 22-23 September 1938, where they discussed possibilities for a peaceful resolution to the crisis over the Sudetenland involving Germany and Czechoslovakia.","Francis Gary Powers (1929-1977) was an American pilot whose Central Intelligence Agency Lockheed U-2 spy plane was shot down while flying a reconnaissance mission in Soviet Union airspace, causing the 1960 U-2 incident. He later worked as a helicopter pilot for KNBC in Los Angeles and died in a 1977 helicopter crash.","These two donations from Joel Gardner on war memorabilia and University of Virginia materials were combined. (ViU-2019-0095 and ViU-2020-0062)","This collection contains war materials and materials related to the University of Virginia both donated by Joel Gardner. The war memorabila is from the eighteenth to the twenty-first century including a certification that Sergeant James Goldsmith served in the Continental Army in 1781; a letter dated July 8, 1862 requesting permission to form a \"Company of 'Partisan Rangers\" from the Confederate States Army; a photograph of Neville Chamberlain and Adolf Hitler following a September 24, 1938 meeting; and a swatch of fabric from a life raft used by Francis Gary Powers after being shot down while on a surveillance mission to the Soviet Union in 1960.","The materials related to the University of Virginia include hand-written garden notes for Shadwell; facsimiles of Thomas Jefferson materials; a letter from Thomas Jefferson to Dr. William Thornton about designing the pavillions at UVA; The Washington Star (June 12, 1969); student records (restricted); Official Report of the Student Curriculum Evaluation Committee (1968-1969); Alpha Epsilon Pi, Mu Chapter (1969-1970); Los Intereses Creados por Don Jacinto Benavente, Grupo de Teatro Espanol, University of Virginia; University Party \"Vote Change\" pamphlet; University of Virginia Alumni Association newsletter (July 6, 1970); 12 copies of The Cavalier Daily (January-May 1970); \"Men's Wear\" (May 28, 1965); Official Spring Sports Schedules (1926); photos and postcard of football games; four course certificates (ca. 1903); letter of admission to student (July 4, 1848); letter from Edwin Alderman to Grover Cleveland (March 12, 1907); Tilka Society invitation (1919); Washington Society invitation (June 1, 1848); glass plate negative of the Rotunda and lawn.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Joel Gardner collections of war memorabilia and materials related to the University of Virginia, 1848/1970"],"collection_ssim":["Joel Gardner collections of war memorabilia and materials related to the University of Virginia, 1848/1970"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16773","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1507"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16773","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1507"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["United States --  History  -- Revolution, 1775-1783","United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"geogname_ssim":["United States --  History  -- Revolution, 1775-1783","United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"places_ssim":["United States --  History  -- Revolution, 1775-1783","United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creators_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a gift from Joel Gardner to the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 17 August 2020."],"access_subjects_ssim":["University of Virginia","Vietnam War, 1961-1975 -- University of Virginia"],"access_subjects_ssm":["University of Virginia","Vietnam War, 1961-1975 -- University of Virginia"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.2 Cubic Feet One half-size legal box"],"extent_tesim":["0.2 Cubic Feet One half-size legal box"],"date_range_isim":[1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use except for one folder in the series on University of Virginia materials which is restricted due to FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eOne folder is restricted in the series University of Virginia materials due to FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use except for one folder in the series on University of Virginia materials which is restricted due to FERPA.","One folder is restricted in the series University of Virginia materials due to FERPA."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eabout subjects in this collection:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Jonathan Meigs (1740-1823), a colonel in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, was one of the settlers of the Northwest Territory in what is now the state of Ohio. He later served the federal government as an Indian agent working with the Cherokee in southeastern Tennessee. He also served under Colonel Benedict Arnold and kept a journal of their expedition. One of his most important achievements during the Revolutionary War was leading the Meigs Raid against the British forces in Sag Harbor, New York, in May 1777. \nAs an acting commander of the 1st Connecticut Brigade, he put down an incipient mutiny and received the written thanks of General George Washington. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter the Revolution, Meigs was appointed surveyor of the Ohio Company of Associates. In April 1788, at age 47, he was one of a party of pioneers to the Northwest Territory from New England. They reached the confluence of the Muskingum and Ohio rivers, where he participated in the founding of Marietta, Ohio. Subsequently, he entered political life, being appointed as a territorial judge\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1801, Meigs went to Tennessee to fill the combined position of US Indian agent to the Cherokee Nation and military agent for the United States War Department. Charles R. Hicks, a European and bilingual Cherokee, worked as his interpreter for some time. Hicks later became a chief of the Cherokee.Meigs promoted the well-being of the Cherokee, defended their rights in treaty negotiations, and encouraged Cherokee efforts to establish a republican form of government.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Partisan Ranger Act was passed on April 21, 1862 by the Confederate Congress. It was intended as a stimulus for recruitment of irregulars for service into the Confederate Army during the American Civil War. The Confederate leadership, like the Union leadership, later opposed the use of unconventional warfare out of fear the lack of discipline among rival guerrilla groups could spiral out of control. On February 17, 1864, the law was repealed after pressure from General Robert E. Lee and other Confederate regulars. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHITLER \u0026amp; CHAMBERLAIN, 1938. British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain (left) photographed with German Chancellor Adolf Hitler at Godesberg, Germany, 22-23 September 1938, where they discussed possibilities for a peaceful resolution to the crisis over the Sudetenland involving Germany and Czechoslovakia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrancis Gary Powers (1929-1977) was an American pilot whose Central Intelligence Agency Lockheed U-2 spy plane was shot down while flying a reconnaissance mission in Soviet Union airspace, causing the 1960 U-2 incident. He later worked as a helicopter pilot for KNBC in Los Angeles and died in a 1977 helicopter crash.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["about subjects in this collection:","Jonathan Meigs (1740-1823), a colonel in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, was one of the settlers of the Northwest Territory in what is now the state of Ohio. He later served the federal government as an Indian agent working with the Cherokee in southeastern Tennessee. He also served under Colonel Benedict Arnold and kept a journal of their expedition. One of his most important achievements during the Revolutionary War was leading the Meigs Raid against the British forces in Sag Harbor, New York, in May 1777. \nAs an acting commander of the 1st Connecticut Brigade, he put down an incipient mutiny and received the written thanks of General George Washington.","After the Revolution, Meigs was appointed surveyor of the Ohio Company of Associates. In April 1788, at age 47, he was one of a party of pioneers to the Northwest Territory from New England. They reached the confluence of the Muskingum and Ohio rivers, where he participated in the founding of Marietta, Ohio. Subsequently, he entered political life, being appointed as a territorial judge","In 1801, Meigs went to Tennessee to fill the combined position of US Indian agent to the Cherokee Nation and military agent for the United States War Department. Charles R. Hicks, a European and bilingual Cherokee, worked as his interpreter for some time. Hicks later became a chief of the Cherokee.Meigs promoted the well-being of the Cherokee, defended their rights in treaty negotiations, and encouraged Cherokee efforts to establish a republican form of government.","The Partisan Ranger Act was passed on April 21, 1862 by the Confederate Congress. It was intended as a stimulus for recruitment of irregulars for service into the Confederate Army during the American Civil War. The Confederate leadership, like the Union leadership, later opposed the use of unconventional warfare out of fear the lack of discipline among rival guerrilla groups could spiral out of control. On February 17, 1864, the law was repealed after pressure from General Robert E. Lee and other Confederate regulars.","HITLER \u0026 CHAMBERLAIN, 1938. British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain (left) photographed with German Chancellor Adolf Hitler at Godesberg, Germany, 22-23 September 1938, where they discussed possibilities for a peaceful resolution to the crisis over the Sudetenland involving Germany and Czechoslovakia.","Francis Gary Powers (1929-1977) was an American pilot whose Central Intelligence Agency Lockheed U-2 spy plane was shot down while flying a reconnaissance mission in Soviet Union airspace, causing the 1960 U-2 incident. He later worked as a helicopter pilot for KNBC in Los Angeles and died in a 1977 helicopter crash."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThese two donations from Joel Gardner on war memorabilia and University of Virginia materials were combined. (ViU-2019-0095 and ViU-2020-0062)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["These two donations from Joel Gardner on war memorabilia and University of Virginia materials were combined. (ViU-2019-0095 and ViU-2020-0062)"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains war materials and materials related to the University of Virginia both donated by Joel Gardner. The war memorabila is from the eighteenth to the twenty-first century including a certification that Sergeant James Goldsmith served in the Continental Army in 1781; a letter dated July 8, 1862 requesting permission to form a \"Company of 'Partisan Rangers\" from the Confederate States Army; a photograph of Neville Chamberlain and Adolf Hitler following a September 24, 1938 meeting; and a swatch of fabric from a life raft used by Francis Gary Powers after being shot down while on a surveillance mission to the Soviet Union in 1960.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe materials related to the University of Virginia include hand-written garden notes for Shadwell; facsimiles of Thomas Jefferson materials; a letter from Thomas Jefferson to Dr. William Thornton about designing the pavillions at UVA; The Washington Star (June 12, 1969); student records (restricted); Official Report of the Student Curriculum Evaluation Committee (1968-1969); Alpha Epsilon Pi, Mu Chapter (1969-1970); Los Intereses Creados por Don Jacinto Benavente, Grupo de Teatro Espanol, University of Virginia; University Party \"Vote Change\" pamphlet; University of Virginia Alumni Association newsletter (July 6, 1970); 12 copies of The Cavalier Daily (January-May 1970); \"Men's Wear\" (May 28, 1965); Official Spring Sports Schedules (1926); photos and postcard of football games; four course certificates (ca. 1903); letter of admission to student (July 4, 1848); letter from Edwin Alderman to Grover Cleveland (March 12, 1907); Tilka Society invitation (1919); Washington Society invitation (June 1, 1848); glass plate negative of the Rotunda and lawn.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains war materials and materials related to the University of Virginia both donated by Joel Gardner. The war memorabila is from the eighteenth to the twenty-first century including a certification that Sergeant James Goldsmith served in the Continental Army in 1781; a letter dated July 8, 1862 requesting permission to form a \"Company of 'Partisan Rangers\" from the Confederate States Army; a photograph of Neville Chamberlain and Adolf Hitler following a September 24, 1938 meeting; and a swatch of fabric from a life raft used by Francis Gary Powers after being shot down while on a surveillance mission to the Soviet Union in 1960.","The materials related to the University of Virginia include hand-written garden notes for Shadwell; facsimiles of Thomas Jefferson materials; a letter from Thomas Jefferson to Dr. William Thornton about designing the pavillions at UVA; The Washington Star (June 12, 1969); student records (restricted); Official Report of the Student Curriculum Evaluation Committee (1968-1969); Alpha Epsilon Pi, Mu Chapter (1969-1970); Los Intereses Creados por Don Jacinto Benavente, Grupo de Teatro Espanol, University of Virginia; University Party \"Vote Change\" pamphlet; University of Virginia Alumni Association newsletter (July 6, 1970); 12 copies of The Cavalier Daily (January-May 1970); \"Men's Wear\" (May 28, 1965); Official Spring Sports Schedules (1926); photos and postcard of football games; four course certificates (ca. 1903); letter of admission to student (July 4, 1848); letter from Edwin Alderman to Grover Cleveland (March 12, 1907); Tilka Society invitation (1919); Washington Society invitation (June 1, 1848); glass plate negative of the Rotunda and lawn."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":13,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:53:38.700Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1507","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1507","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1507","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1507","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1507.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/189192","title_filing_ssi":"Gardner, Joel, collection of war memorabilia and materials related to the University of Virginia","title_ssm":["Joel Gardner collections of war memorabilia and materials related to the University of Virginia"],"title_tesim":["Joel Gardner collections of war memorabilia and materials related to the University of Virginia"],"unitdate_ssm":["1848-1970"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1848-1970"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1848/1970"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Joel Gardner collections of war memorabilia and materials related to the University of Virginia, 1848/1970"],"text":["Joel Gardner collections of war memorabilia and materials related to the University of Virginia, 1848/1970","MSS 16773","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1507","United States --  History  -- Revolution, 1775-1783","United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","University of Virginia","Vietnam War, 1961-1975 -- University of Virginia","The collection is open for research use except for one folder in the series on University of Virginia materials which is restricted due to FERPA.","One folder is restricted in the series University of Virginia materials due to FERPA.","about subjects in this collection:","Jonathan Meigs (1740-1823), a colonel in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, was one of the settlers of the Northwest Territory in what is now the state of Ohio. He later served the federal government as an Indian agent working with the Cherokee in southeastern Tennessee. He also served under Colonel Benedict Arnold and kept a journal of their expedition. One of his most important achievements during the Revolutionary War was leading the Meigs Raid against the British forces in Sag Harbor, New York, in May 1777. \nAs an acting commander of the 1st Connecticut Brigade, he put down an incipient mutiny and received the written thanks of General George Washington.","After the Revolution, Meigs was appointed surveyor of the Ohio Company of Associates. In April 1788, at age 47, he was one of a party of pioneers to the Northwest Territory from New England. They reached the confluence of the Muskingum and Ohio rivers, where he participated in the founding of Marietta, Ohio. Subsequently, he entered political life, being appointed as a territorial judge","In 1801, Meigs went to Tennessee to fill the combined position of US Indian agent to the Cherokee Nation and military agent for the United States War Department. Charles R. Hicks, a European and bilingual Cherokee, worked as his interpreter for some time. Hicks later became a chief of the Cherokee.Meigs promoted the well-being of the Cherokee, defended their rights in treaty negotiations, and encouraged Cherokee efforts to establish a republican form of government.","The Partisan Ranger Act was passed on April 21, 1862 by the Confederate Congress. It was intended as a stimulus for recruitment of irregulars for service into the Confederate Army during the American Civil War. The Confederate leadership, like the Union leadership, later opposed the use of unconventional warfare out of fear the lack of discipline among rival guerrilla groups could spiral out of control. On February 17, 1864, the law was repealed after pressure from General Robert E. Lee and other Confederate regulars.","HITLER \u0026 CHAMBERLAIN, 1938. British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain (left) photographed with German Chancellor Adolf Hitler at Godesberg, Germany, 22-23 September 1938, where they discussed possibilities for a peaceful resolution to the crisis over the Sudetenland involving Germany and Czechoslovakia.","Francis Gary Powers (1929-1977) was an American pilot whose Central Intelligence Agency Lockheed U-2 spy plane was shot down while flying a reconnaissance mission in Soviet Union airspace, causing the 1960 U-2 incident. He later worked as a helicopter pilot for KNBC in Los Angeles and died in a 1977 helicopter crash.","These two donations from Joel Gardner on war memorabilia and University of Virginia materials were combined. (ViU-2019-0095 and ViU-2020-0062)","This collection contains war materials and materials related to the University of Virginia both donated by Joel Gardner. The war memorabila is from the eighteenth to the twenty-first century including a certification that Sergeant James Goldsmith served in the Continental Army in 1781; a letter dated July 8, 1862 requesting permission to form a \"Company of 'Partisan Rangers\" from the Confederate States Army; a photograph of Neville Chamberlain and Adolf Hitler following a September 24, 1938 meeting; and a swatch of fabric from a life raft used by Francis Gary Powers after being shot down while on a surveillance mission to the Soviet Union in 1960.","The materials related to the University of Virginia include hand-written garden notes for Shadwell; facsimiles of Thomas Jefferson materials; a letter from Thomas Jefferson to Dr. William Thornton about designing the pavillions at UVA; The Washington Star (June 12, 1969); student records (restricted); Official Report of the Student Curriculum Evaluation Committee (1968-1969); Alpha Epsilon Pi, Mu Chapter (1969-1970); Los Intereses Creados por Don Jacinto Benavente, Grupo de Teatro Espanol, University of Virginia; University Party \"Vote Change\" pamphlet; University of Virginia Alumni Association newsletter (July 6, 1970); 12 copies of The Cavalier Daily (January-May 1970); \"Men's Wear\" (May 28, 1965); Official Spring Sports Schedules (1926); photos and postcard of football games; four course certificates (ca. 1903); letter of admission to student (July 4, 1848); letter from Edwin Alderman to Grover Cleveland (March 12, 1907); Tilka Society invitation (1919); Washington Society invitation (June 1, 1848); glass plate negative of the Rotunda and lawn.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Joel Gardner collections of war memorabilia and materials related to the University of Virginia, 1848/1970"],"collection_ssim":["Joel Gardner collections of war memorabilia and materials related to the University of Virginia, 1848/1970"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16773","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1507"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16773","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1507"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["United States --  History  -- Revolution, 1775-1783","United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"geogname_ssim":["United States --  History  -- Revolution, 1775-1783","United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"places_ssim":["United States --  History  -- Revolution, 1775-1783","United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creators_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a gift from Joel Gardner to the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 17 August 2020."],"access_subjects_ssim":["University of Virginia","Vietnam War, 1961-1975 -- University of Virginia"],"access_subjects_ssm":["University of Virginia","Vietnam War, 1961-1975 -- University of Virginia"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.2 Cubic Feet One half-size legal box"],"extent_tesim":["0.2 Cubic Feet One half-size legal box"],"date_range_isim":[1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use except for one folder in the series on University of Virginia materials which is restricted due to FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eOne folder is restricted in the series University of Virginia materials due to FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use except for one folder in the series on University of Virginia materials which is restricted due to FERPA.","One folder is restricted in the series University of Virginia materials due to FERPA."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eabout subjects in this collection:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Jonathan Meigs (1740-1823), a colonel in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, was one of the settlers of the Northwest Territory in what is now the state of Ohio. He later served the federal government as an Indian agent working with the Cherokee in southeastern Tennessee. He also served under Colonel Benedict Arnold and kept a journal of their expedition. One of his most important achievements during the Revolutionary War was leading the Meigs Raid against the British forces in Sag Harbor, New York, in May 1777. \nAs an acting commander of the 1st Connecticut Brigade, he put down an incipient mutiny and received the written thanks of General George Washington. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter the Revolution, Meigs was appointed surveyor of the Ohio Company of Associates. In April 1788, at age 47, he was one of a party of pioneers to the Northwest Territory from New England. They reached the confluence of the Muskingum and Ohio rivers, where he participated in the founding of Marietta, Ohio. Subsequently, he entered political life, being appointed as a territorial judge\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1801, Meigs went to Tennessee to fill the combined position of US Indian agent to the Cherokee Nation and military agent for the United States War Department. Charles R. Hicks, a European and bilingual Cherokee, worked as his interpreter for some time. Hicks later became a chief of the Cherokee.Meigs promoted the well-being of the Cherokee, defended their rights in treaty negotiations, and encouraged Cherokee efforts to establish a republican form of government.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Partisan Ranger Act was passed on April 21, 1862 by the Confederate Congress. It was intended as a stimulus for recruitment of irregulars for service into the Confederate Army during the American Civil War. The Confederate leadership, like the Union leadership, later opposed the use of unconventional warfare out of fear the lack of discipline among rival guerrilla groups could spiral out of control. On February 17, 1864, the law was repealed after pressure from General Robert E. Lee and other Confederate regulars. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHITLER \u0026amp; CHAMBERLAIN, 1938. British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain (left) photographed with German Chancellor Adolf Hitler at Godesberg, Germany, 22-23 September 1938, where they discussed possibilities for a peaceful resolution to the crisis over the Sudetenland involving Germany and Czechoslovakia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrancis Gary Powers (1929-1977) was an American pilot whose Central Intelligence Agency Lockheed U-2 spy plane was shot down while flying a reconnaissance mission in Soviet Union airspace, causing the 1960 U-2 incident. He later worked as a helicopter pilot for KNBC in Los Angeles and died in a 1977 helicopter crash.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["about subjects in this collection:","Jonathan Meigs (1740-1823), a colonel in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, was one of the settlers of the Northwest Territory in what is now the state of Ohio. He later served the federal government as an Indian agent working with the Cherokee in southeastern Tennessee. He also served under Colonel Benedict Arnold and kept a journal of their expedition. One of his most important achievements during the Revolutionary War was leading the Meigs Raid against the British forces in Sag Harbor, New York, in May 1777. \nAs an acting commander of the 1st Connecticut Brigade, he put down an incipient mutiny and received the written thanks of General George Washington.","After the Revolution, Meigs was appointed surveyor of the Ohio Company of Associates. In April 1788, at age 47, he was one of a party of pioneers to the Northwest Territory from New England. They reached the confluence of the Muskingum and Ohio rivers, where he participated in the founding of Marietta, Ohio. Subsequently, he entered political life, being appointed as a territorial judge","In 1801, Meigs went to Tennessee to fill the combined position of US Indian agent to the Cherokee Nation and military agent for the United States War Department. Charles R. Hicks, a European and bilingual Cherokee, worked as his interpreter for some time. Hicks later became a chief of the Cherokee.Meigs promoted the well-being of the Cherokee, defended their rights in treaty negotiations, and encouraged Cherokee efforts to establish a republican form of government.","The Partisan Ranger Act was passed on April 21, 1862 by the Confederate Congress. It was intended as a stimulus for recruitment of irregulars for service into the Confederate Army during the American Civil War. The Confederate leadership, like the Union leadership, later opposed the use of unconventional warfare out of fear the lack of discipline among rival guerrilla groups could spiral out of control. On February 17, 1864, the law was repealed after pressure from General Robert E. Lee and other Confederate regulars.","HITLER \u0026 CHAMBERLAIN, 1938. British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain (left) photographed with German Chancellor Adolf Hitler at Godesberg, Germany, 22-23 September 1938, where they discussed possibilities for a peaceful resolution to the crisis over the Sudetenland involving Germany and Czechoslovakia.","Francis Gary Powers (1929-1977) was an American pilot whose Central Intelligence Agency Lockheed U-2 spy plane was shot down while flying a reconnaissance mission in Soviet Union airspace, causing the 1960 U-2 incident. He later worked as a helicopter pilot for KNBC in Los Angeles and died in a 1977 helicopter crash."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThese two donations from Joel Gardner on war memorabilia and University of Virginia materials were combined. (ViU-2019-0095 and ViU-2020-0062)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["These two donations from Joel Gardner on war memorabilia and University of Virginia materials were combined. (ViU-2019-0095 and ViU-2020-0062)"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains war materials and materials related to the University of Virginia both donated by Joel Gardner. The war memorabila is from the eighteenth to the twenty-first century including a certification that Sergeant James Goldsmith served in the Continental Army in 1781; a letter dated July 8, 1862 requesting permission to form a \"Company of 'Partisan Rangers\" from the Confederate States Army; a photograph of Neville Chamberlain and Adolf Hitler following a September 24, 1938 meeting; and a swatch of fabric from a life raft used by Francis Gary Powers after being shot down while on a surveillance mission to the Soviet Union in 1960.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe materials related to the University of Virginia include hand-written garden notes for Shadwell; facsimiles of Thomas Jefferson materials; a letter from Thomas Jefferson to Dr. William Thornton about designing the pavillions at UVA; The Washington Star (June 12, 1969); student records (restricted); Official Report of the Student Curriculum Evaluation Committee (1968-1969); Alpha Epsilon Pi, Mu Chapter (1969-1970); Los Intereses Creados por Don Jacinto Benavente, Grupo de Teatro Espanol, University of Virginia; University Party \"Vote Change\" pamphlet; University of Virginia Alumni Association newsletter (July 6, 1970); 12 copies of The Cavalier Daily (January-May 1970); \"Men's Wear\" (May 28, 1965); Official Spring Sports Schedules (1926); photos and postcard of football games; four course certificates (ca. 1903); letter of admission to student (July 4, 1848); letter from Edwin Alderman to Grover Cleveland (March 12, 1907); Tilka Society invitation (1919); Washington Society invitation (June 1, 1848); glass plate negative of the Rotunda and lawn.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains war materials and materials related to the University of Virginia both donated by Joel Gardner. The war memorabila is from the eighteenth to the twenty-first century including a certification that Sergeant James Goldsmith served in the Continental Army in 1781; a letter dated July 8, 1862 requesting permission to form a \"Company of 'Partisan Rangers\" from the Confederate States Army; a photograph of Neville Chamberlain and Adolf Hitler following a September 24, 1938 meeting; and a swatch of fabric from a life raft used by Francis Gary Powers after being shot down while on a surveillance mission to the Soviet Union in 1960.","The materials related to the University of Virginia include hand-written garden notes for Shadwell; facsimiles of Thomas Jefferson materials; a letter from Thomas Jefferson to Dr. William Thornton about designing the pavillions at UVA; The Washington Star (June 12, 1969); student records (restricted); Official Report of the Student Curriculum Evaluation Committee (1968-1969); Alpha Epsilon Pi, Mu Chapter (1969-1970); Los Intereses Creados por Don Jacinto Benavente, Grupo de Teatro Espanol, University of Virginia; University Party \"Vote Change\" pamphlet; University of Virginia Alumni Association newsletter (July 6, 1970); 12 copies of The Cavalier Daily (January-May 1970); \"Men's Wear\" (May 28, 1965); Official Spring Sports Schedules (1926); photos and postcard of football games; four course certificates (ca. 1903); letter of admission to student (July 4, 1848); letter from Edwin Alderman to Grover Cleveland (March 12, 1907); Tilka Society invitation (1919); Washington Society invitation (June 1, 1848); glass plate negative of the Rotunda and lawn."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":13,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:53:38.700Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1507"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_941","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection, 1806/1988, bulk 1861/1865","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_941#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection (1806-1988, bulk 1861-1865; 133 cubic feet) contains Civil War-era correspondence, service records, pension records, artifacts, photographs, military records (including orders, requisitions, and correspondence), currency, newspapers, and other print materials. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_941#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_941","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_941","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_941","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_941","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_941.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/189095","title_filing_ssi":"Nau, John L. III, Civil War History Collection","title_ssm":["John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection"],"title_tesim":["John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1806-1988","1861-1865"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1806-1988"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1861-1865"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1806/1988, bulk 1861/1865"],"normalized_title_ssm":["John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection, 1806/1988, bulk 1861/1865"],"text":["John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection, 1806/1988, bulk 1861/1865","MSS 16459","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/941","United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives","letters (correspondence)","Photograph albums","photographs","newspapers","Good.","The collection is open for research.","The John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection (1806-1988; bulk 1861-1865; 133 cubic feet) has been arranged into five series, Series 1: Materials Related to the Civil War Experiences of Soldiers, Officers, and Civilians (1806-1988; approx. 83 cubic feet); Series 2: Photographs and Prints (circa 1848-1939; approx. 34 cubic feet); Series 3: Government Military Records (1855-1913; approx. 9 cubic feet); Series 4: Currency (1839-1875; approx. 1.5 cubic feet); and Series 5: Newspapers and Print Materials (1846-1913; approx. 5.25 cubic feet).","The John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection contains offensive or harmful language and imagery. This includes—but is not limited to—correspondence and diary entries that express racist views; photographs of enslaved people forced into inhumane conditions by enslavers; descriptions of violence and battle experiences; photographs of deceased soldiers; and correspondence containing explicit descriptions of sex. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.","The donor's accession numbering system has been preserved to maintain access to collection metadata or descriptive information. Each file title in this finding aid includes the donor accession number at the end of the title and each corresponding physical folder or item is also labeled with the donor accession number.","Donor accession numbers are comprised of letters denoting document or photograph format followed by a four-digit number that denotes the number of the accession. The following examples can be found in the collection: DA0001 (meaning document - autograph), DC0001.001 (document - currency), DL0001 (document - letter), DN0003 (document - newspaper), DOR0001 (document - order), DOT0001 (document - other), DR0002 (document - requisition), PA0184 (photograph - ambrotype), PC0200 (photograph - carte de visite), PD0007 (photograph - daguerreotype), POT0012 (photograph - other), and PT0003 (photograph - tintype).","These donor accession numbers can be used to search the donation listing spreadsheet for corresponding metadata. This spreadsheet is available to download directly from the finding aid below, under External Documents.","About External Document MSS 16459 John L. Nau II Civil War History Collection - Donation Listing (View and Download Below)","Upon accession of the John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection, the donor provided a spreadsheet donation listing containing metadata and sellers' descriptions associated with collection materials. The spreadsheet can be downloaded below, under the External Documents heading.","Please note that many descriptions contained in this spreadsheet are drawn from sellers' language used by dealers and auction houses and contain biased and qualitative descriptions. In addition, many descriptions contain offensive, racist, and archaic language, some quoted directly from collection materials (also see the above Content Warning).","Please also note there may be some materials listed in the donor spreadsheet that are not present in the collection. The Small Library's finding aid is the definitive listing of materials available to researchers.","Suggestions for Using the Donation Listing Spreadsheet","Materials found in the finding aid can be identified in the spreadsheet using the keyboard shortcut Control + F. If searching for materials discovered in the finding aid, it is recommended to search using donor accession numbers. (For more on this, see the above note on Alphanumeric Designations).","Please note that the spreadsheet does not contain additional descriptive information for all materials listed in the finding aid.","Researchers can use the spreadsheet to explore the collection in many ways, including the following:","- To conduct subject-based searches (e.g., regiments, battles, and military functions, and experiences such as sickness).","- To identify photographs of women, Black soldiers, and Native American soldiers.","- To identify correspondence in Series 1 authored by women and contained within personal papers attributed to men. Series 1 contains a significant amount of correspondence written by women to male relatives and friends. An example includes the many letters written by Mary Stanton to her husband Courtland Stanton, which are found with the Courtland Stanton (DL0011) papers. Another example are the letters of Lucy Britton and Martha Britton found with the Britton Family (DL0100) papers.","- To distinguish between duplicate titles and donor accession numbers in Series 1. Secondary collections such as the papers of Amos Garrison (DL0068) and Albert R. Whitney (DL0269) contain duplicate file titles, and descriptions in the spreadsheet may allow researchers to learn more about the exact nature of the materials they contain.","- To distinguish between portraits of unknown subjects in Series 2. Searching for a particular portrait of an unknown subject using the donor accession number may provide researchers with a description of the portrait, including details such as uniform and rank of the subject.","About External Documents MSS 16459 John L. Nau II Civil War History Collection - Transcripts (View and Download Below)","Transcript files are titled by donor accession number. (See above note titled Alphanumeric Designations).","Please be aware that these transcripts may contain mistakes. They are not intended to be a replacement for the original materials or their digital surrogates.","The Nau Collection was processed from October 2021 to March 2023. Because it is an artificial collection with no original order, it was arranged into series to emphasize the provenance of collection materials and to restore materials attributed to or associated with the same individual. Provenance was determined by the archival materials themselves as well as by donor metadata. Additional resources consulted during processing included The National Park Service's online Civil War Soldiers and Sailors Database (https://www.nps.gov/civilwar/soldiers-and-sailors-database.htm); Grover C. Criswell and Clarence L. Criswell's Confederate and Southern State Currency, vol. 1, (Pass-A-Grille, Florida: Criswell's Publications, 1957); John H. Eicher and David J. Eicher's Civil War High Commands (Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 2001); and the Library of Congress's online newspapers database (https://www.loc.gov/newspapers/).","Efforts were made to restore materials to record creators and keep these materials together. However, there are some exceptions, particularly in relation to high-profile historical figures. For example, materials relating to Robert E. Lee and William Tecumseh Sherman can be found in Series 1, 2, and 3.","File titles have been devised by the archivist and each contains a donor accession number (see note titled Alphanumeric Designations). Wherever possible or applicable, titles attributed to materials by record creators are included.","The John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection (1806-1988, bulk 1861-1865; 133 cubic feet) contains Civil War-era correspondence, service records, pension records, artifacts, photographs, military records (including orders, requisitions, and correspondence), currency, newspapers, and other print materials.","The collection primarily contains the correspondence, records, and photographs of white soldiers and officers who fought in the Civil War, including white officers serving in the United States Colored Troops (USCT). Additionally, the collection includes some correspondence and portraits of white women as well as a small number of portraits of Black soldiers (including PT0322, a family portrait, and a young Ben Brown, PC0836.0001) and Native American soldiers (including Frederick L. Rainbow, PT0424.0001).","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","The John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection is predominantly in English. A small number of materials are in Spanish, French, Swedish, and German, and this is indicated at the file level."],"collection_title_tesim":["John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection, 1806/1988, bulk 1861/1865"],"collection_ssim":["John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection, 1806/1988, bulk 1861/1865"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16459","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource 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Key","/repositories/3/resources/941"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16459","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival 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Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives"],"geogname_ssim":["United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives"],"places_ssim":["United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creators_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"acqinfo_ssim":["The John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection was acquired and donated by John L. Nau III. It was accessioned by the Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library on September 3, 2019 (2019-0149) and in an additional accession in October 2019 (2019-0231)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["letters (correspondence)","Photograph albums","photographs","newspapers"],"access_subjects_ssm":["letters (correspondence)","Photograph albums","photographs","newspapers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"physdesc_tesim":["Good."],"extent_ssm":["133 Cubic Feet 255 boxes; 9 framed items"],"extent_tesim":["133 Cubic Feet 255 boxes; 9 framed items"],"genreform_ssim":["letters (correspondence)","Photograph albums","photographs","newspapers"],"date_range_isim":[1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection (1806-1988; bulk 1861-1865; 133 cubic feet) has been arranged into five series, Series 1: Materials Related to the Civil War Experiences of Soldiers, Officers, and Civilians (1806-1988; approx. 83 cubic feet); Series 2: Photographs and Prints (circa 1848-1939; approx. 34 cubic feet); Series 3: Government Military Records (1855-1913; approx. 9 cubic feet); Series 4: Currency (1839-1875; approx. 1.5 cubic feet); and Series 5: Newspapers and Print Materials (1846-1913; approx. 5.25 cubic feet).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection (1806-1988; bulk 1861-1865; 133 cubic feet) has been arranged into five series, Series 1: Materials Related to the Civil War Experiences of Soldiers, Officers, and Civilians (1806-1988; approx. 83 cubic feet); Series 2: Photographs and Prints (circa 1848-1939; approx. 34 cubic feet); Series 3: Government Military Records (1855-1913; approx. 9 cubic feet); Series 4: Currency (1839-1875; approx. 1.5 cubic feet); and Series 5: Newspapers and Print Materials (1846-1913; approx. 5.25 cubic feet)."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection contains offensive or harmful language and imagery. This includes—but is not limited to—correspondence and diary entries that express racist views; photographs of enslaved people forced into inhumane conditions by enslavers; descriptions of violence and battle experiences; photographs of deceased soldiers; and correspondence containing explicit descriptions of sex. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eThe donor's accession numbering system has been preserved to maintain access to collection metadata or descriptive information. Each file title in this finding aid includes the donor accession number at the end of the title and each corresponding physical folder or item is also labeled with the donor accession number. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDonor accession numbers are comprised of letters denoting document or photograph format followed by a four-digit number that denotes the number of the accession. The following examples can be found in the collection: DA0001 (meaning document - autograph), DC0001.001 (document - currency), DL0001 (document - letter), DN0003 (document - newspaper), DOR0001 (document - order), DOT0001 (document - other), DR0002 (document - requisition), PA0184 (photograph - ambrotype), PC0200 (photograph - carte de visite), PD0007 (photograph - daguerreotype), POT0012 (photograph - other), and PT0003 (photograph - tintype).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese donor accession numbers can be used to search the donation listing spreadsheet for corresponding metadata. This spreadsheet is available to download directly from the finding aid below, under External Documents.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eAbout External Document MSS 16459 John L. Nau II Civil War History Collection - Donation Listing (View and Download Below)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUpon accession of the John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection, the donor provided a spreadsheet donation listing containing metadata and sellers' descriptions associated with collection materials. The spreadsheet can be downloaded below, under the External Documents heading.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePlease note that many descriptions contained in this spreadsheet are drawn from sellers' language used by dealers and auction houses and contain biased and qualitative descriptions. In addition, many descriptions contain offensive, racist, and archaic language, some quoted directly from collection materials (also see the above Content Warning). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePlease also note there may be some materials listed in the donor spreadsheet that are not present in the collection. The Small Library's finding aid is the definitive listing of materials available to researchers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSuggestions for Using the Donation Listing Spreadsheet\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials found in the finding aid can be identified in the spreadsheet using the keyboard shortcut Control + F. If searching for materials discovered in the finding aid, it is recommended to search using donor accession numbers. (For more on this, see the above note on Alphanumeric Designations). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePlease note that the spreadsheet does not contain additional descriptive information for all materials listed in the finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers can use the spreadsheet to explore the collection in many ways, including the following: \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e- To conduct subject-based searches (e.g., regiments, battles, and military functions, and experiences such as sickness).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e- To identify photographs of women, Black soldiers, and Native American soldiers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e- To identify correspondence in Series 1 authored by women and contained within personal papers attributed to men. Series 1 contains a significant amount of correspondence written by women to male relatives and friends. An example includes the many letters written by Mary Stanton to her husband Courtland Stanton, which are found with the Courtland Stanton (DL0011) papers. Another example are the letters of Lucy Britton and Martha Britton found with the Britton Family (DL0100) papers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e- To distinguish between duplicate titles and donor accession numbers in Series 1. Secondary collections such as the papers of Amos Garrison (DL0068) and Albert R. Whitney (DL0269) contain duplicate file titles, and descriptions in the spreadsheet may allow researchers to learn more about the exact nature of the materials they contain.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e- To distinguish between portraits of unknown subjects in Series 2. Searching for a particular portrait of an unknown subject using the donor accession number may provide researchers with a description of the portrait, including details such as uniform and rank of the subject.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eAbout External Documents MSS 16459 John L. Nau II Civil War History Collection - Transcripts (View and Download Below)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTranscript files are titled by donor accession number. (See above note titled Alphanumeric Designations).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePlease be aware that these transcripts may contain mistakes. They are not intended to be a replacement for the original materials or their digital surrogates.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Content Warning","Alphanumeric Designations","Important Information about External Documents"],"odd_tesim":["The John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection contains offensive or harmful language and imagery. This includes—but is not limited to—correspondence and diary entries that express racist views; photographs of enslaved people forced into inhumane conditions by enslavers; descriptions of violence and battle experiences; photographs of deceased soldiers; and correspondence containing explicit descriptions of sex. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.","The donor's accession numbering system has been preserved to maintain access to collection metadata or descriptive information. Each file title in this finding aid includes the donor accession number at the end of the title and each corresponding physical folder or item is also labeled with the donor accession number.","Donor accession numbers are comprised of letters denoting document or photograph format followed by a four-digit number that denotes the number of the accession. The following examples can be found in the collection: DA0001 (meaning document - autograph), DC0001.001 (document - currency), DL0001 (document - letter), DN0003 (document - newspaper), DOR0001 (document - order), DOT0001 (document - other), DR0002 (document - requisition), PA0184 (photograph - ambrotype), PC0200 (photograph - carte de visite), PD0007 (photograph - daguerreotype), POT0012 (photograph - other), and PT0003 (photograph - tintype).","These donor accession numbers can be used to search the donation listing spreadsheet for corresponding metadata. This spreadsheet is available to download directly from the finding aid below, under External Documents.","About External Document MSS 16459 John L. Nau II Civil War History Collection - Donation Listing (View and Download Below)","Upon accession of the John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection, the donor provided a spreadsheet donation listing containing metadata and sellers' descriptions associated with collection materials. The spreadsheet can be downloaded below, under the External Documents heading.","Please note that many descriptions contained in this spreadsheet are drawn from sellers' language used by dealers and auction houses and contain biased and qualitative descriptions. In addition, many descriptions contain offensive, racist, and archaic language, some quoted directly from collection materials (also see the above Content Warning).","Please also note there may be some materials listed in the donor spreadsheet that are not present in the collection. The Small Library's finding aid is the definitive listing of materials available to researchers.","Suggestions for Using the Donation Listing Spreadsheet","Materials found in the finding aid can be identified in the spreadsheet using the keyboard shortcut Control + F. If searching for materials discovered in the finding aid, it is recommended to search using donor accession numbers. (For more on this, see the above note on Alphanumeric Designations).","Please note that the spreadsheet does not contain additional descriptive information for all materials listed in the finding aid.","Researchers can use the spreadsheet to explore the collection in many ways, including the following:","- To conduct subject-based searches (e.g., regiments, battles, and military functions, and experiences such as sickness).","- To identify photographs of women, Black soldiers, and Native American soldiers.","- To identify correspondence in Series 1 authored by women and contained within personal papers attributed to men. Series 1 contains a significant amount of correspondence written by women to male relatives and friends. An example includes the many letters written by Mary Stanton to her husband Courtland Stanton, which are found with the Courtland Stanton (DL0011) papers. Another example are the letters of Lucy Britton and Martha Britton found with the Britton Family (DL0100) papers.","- To distinguish between duplicate titles and donor accession numbers in Series 1. Secondary collections such as the papers of Amos Garrison (DL0068) and Albert R. Whitney (DL0269) contain duplicate file titles, and descriptions in the spreadsheet may allow researchers to learn more about the exact nature of the materials they contain.","- To distinguish between portraits of unknown subjects in Series 2. Searching for a particular portrait of an unknown subject using the donor accession number may provide researchers with a description of the portrait, including details such as uniform and rank of the subject.","About External Documents MSS 16459 John L. Nau II Civil War History Collection - Transcripts (View and Download Below)","Transcript files are titled by donor accession number. (See above note titled Alphanumeric Designations).","Please be aware that these transcripts may contain mistakes. They are not intended to be a replacement for the original materials or their digital surrogates."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn L. Nau III Civil War History Collection, MSS 16459, box number, [if applicable] folder number, donor accession number, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection, MSS 16459, box number, [if applicable] folder number, donor accession number, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Nau Collection was processed from October 2021 to March 2023. Because it is an artificial collection with no original order, it was arranged into series to emphasize the provenance of collection materials and to restore materials attributed to or associated with the same individual. Provenance was determined by the archival materials themselves as well as by donor metadata. Additional resources consulted during processing included The National Park Service's online \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eCivil War Soldiers and Sailors Database\u003c/emph\u003e (https://www.nps.gov/civilwar/soldiers-and-sailors-database.htm); Grover C. Criswell and Clarence L. Criswell's \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eConfederate and Southern State Currency\u003c/emph\u003e, vol. 1, (Pass-A-Grille, Florida: Criswell's Publications, 1957); John H. Eicher and David J. Eicher's \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eCivil War High Commands\u003c/emph\u003e (Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 2001); and the Library of Congress's online newspapers database (https://www.loc.gov/newspapers/).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEfforts were made to restore materials to record creators and keep these materials together. However, there are some exceptions, particularly in relation to high-profile historical figures. For example, materials relating to Robert E. Lee and William Tecumseh Sherman can be found in Series 1, 2, and 3. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFile titles have been devised by the archivist and each contains a donor accession number (see note titled Alphanumeric Designations). Wherever possible or applicable, titles attributed to materials by record creators are included. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The Nau Collection was processed from October 2021 to March 2023. Because it is an artificial collection with no original order, it was arranged into series to emphasize the provenance of collection materials and to restore materials attributed to or associated with the same individual. Provenance was determined by the archival materials themselves as well as by donor metadata. Additional resources consulted during processing included The National Park Service's online Civil War Soldiers and Sailors Database (https://www.nps.gov/civilwar/soldiers-and-sailors-database.htm); Grover C. Criswell and Clarence L. Criswell's Confederate and Southern State Currency, vol. 1, (Pass-A-Grille, Florida: Criswell's Publications, 1957); John H. Eicher and David J. Eicher's Civil War High Commands (Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 2001); and the Library of Congress's online newspapers database (https://www.loc.gov/newspapers/).","Efforts were made to restore materials to record creators and keep these materials together. However, there are some exceptions, particularly in relation to high-profile historical figures. For example, materials relating to Robert E. Lee and William Tecumseh Sherman can be found in Series 1, 2, and 3.","File titles have been devised by the archivist and each contains a donor accession number (see note titled Alphanumeric Designations). Wherever possible or applicable, titles attributed to materials by record creators are included."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection (1806-1988, bulk 1861-1865; 133 cubic feet) contains Civil War-era correspondence, service records, pension records, artifacts, photographs, military records (including orders, requisitions, and correspondence), currency, newspapers, and other print materials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection primarily contains the correspondence, records, and photographs of white soldiers and officers who fought in the Civil War, including white officers serving in the United States Colored Troops (USCT). Additionally, the collection includes some correspondence and portraits of white women as well as a small number of portraits of Black soldiers (including PT0322, a family portrait, and a young Ben Brown, PC0836.0001) and Native American soldiers (including Frederick L. Rainbow, PT0424.0001). \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection (1806-1988, bulk 1861-1865; 133 cubic feet) contains Civil War-era correspondence, service records, pension records, artifacts, photographs, military records (including orders, requisitions, and correspondence), currency, newspapers, and other print materials.","The collection primarily contains the correspondence, records, and photographs of white soldiers and officers who fought in the Civil War, including white officers serving in the United States Colored Troops (USCT). Additionally, the collection includes some correspondence and portraits of white women as well as a small number of portraits of Black soldiers (including PT0322, a family portrait, and a young Ben Brown, PC0836.0001) and Native American soldiers (including Frederick L. Rainbow, PT0424.0001)."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["The John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection is predominantly in English. A small number of materials are in Spanish, French, Swedish, and German, and this is indicated at the file level."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":10302,"online_item_count_is":5,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:54:19.132Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_941","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_941","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_941","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_941","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_941.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/189095","title_filing_ssi":"Nau, John L. III, Civil War History Collection","title_ssm":["John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection"],"title_tesim":["John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1806-1988","1861-1865"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1806-1988"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1861-1865"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1806/1988, bulk 1861/1865"],"normalized_title_ssm":["John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection, 1806/1988, bulk 1861/1865"],"text":["John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection, 1806/1988, bulk 1861/1865","MSS 16459","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/941","United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives","letters (correspondence)","Photograph albums","photographs","newspapers","Good.","The collection is open for research.","The John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection (1806-1988; bulk 1861-1865; 133 cubic feet) has been arranged into five series, Series 1: Materials Related to the Civil War Experiences of Soldiers, Officers, and Civilians (1806-1988; approx. 83 cubic feet); Series 2: Photographs and Prints (circa 1848-1939; approx. 34 cubic feet); Series 3: Government Military Records (1855-1913; approx. 9 cubic feet); Series 4: Currency (1839-1875; approx. 1.5 cubic feet); and Series 5: Newspapers and Print Materials (1846-1913; approx. 5.25 cubic feet).","The John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection contains offensive or harmful language and imagery. This includes—but is not limited to—correspondence and diary entries that express racist views; photographs of enslaved people forced into inhumane conditions by enslavers; descriptions of violence and battle experiences; photographs of deceased soldiers; and correspondence containing explicit descriptions of sex. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.","The donor's accession numbering system has been preserved to maintain access to collection metadata or descriptive information. Each file title in this finding aid includes the donor accession number at the end of the title and each corresponding physical folder or item is also labeled with the donor accession number.","Donor accession numbers are comprised of letters denoting document or photograph format followed by a four-digit number that denotes the number of the accession. The following examples can be found in the collection: DA0001 (meaning document - autograph), DC0001.001 (document - currency), DL0001 (document - letter), DN0003 (document - newspaper), DOR0001 (document - order), DOT0001 (document - other), DR0002 (document - requisition), PA0184 (photograph - ambrotype), PC0200 (photograph - carte de visite), PD0007 (photograph - daguerreotype), POT0012 (photograph - other), and PT0003 (photograph - tintype).","These donor accession numbers can be used to search the donation listing spreadsheet for corresponding metadata. This spreadsheet is available to download directly from the finding aid below, under External Documents.","About External Document MSS 16459 John L. Nau II Civil War History Collection - Donation Listing (View and Download Below)","Upon accession of the John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection, the donor provided a spreadsheet donation listing containing metadata and sellers' descriptions associated with collection materials. The spreadsheet can be downloaded below, under the External Documents heading.","Please note that many descriptions contained in this spreadsheet are drawn from sellers' language used by dealers and auction houses and contain biased and qualitative descriptions. In addition, many descriptions contain offensive, racist, and archaic language, some quoted directly from collection materials (also see the above Content Warning).","Please also note there may be some materials listed in the donor spreadsheet that are not present in the collection. The Small Library's finding aid is the definitive listing of materials available to researchers.","Suggestions for Using the Donation Listing Spreadsheet","Materials found in the finding aid can be identified in the spreadsheet using the keyboard shortcut Control + F. If searching for materials discovered in the finding aid, it is recommended to search using donor accession numbers. (For more on this, see the above note on Alphanumeric Designations).","Please note that the spreadsheet does not contain additional descriptive information for all materials listed in the finding aid.","Researchers can use the spreadsheet to explore the collection in many ways, including the following:","- To conduct subject-based searches (e.g., regiments, battles, and military functions, and experiences such as sickness).","- To identify photographs of women, Black soldiers, and Native American soldiers.","- To identify correspondence in Series 1 authored by women and contained within personal papers attributed to men. Series 1 contains a significant amount of correspondence written by women to male relatives and friends. An example includes the many letters written by Mary Stanton to her husband Courtland Stanton, which are found with the Courtland Stanton (DL0011) papers. Another example are the letters of Lucy Britton and Martha Britton found with the Britton Family (DL0100) papers.","- To distinguish between duplicate titles and donor accession numbers in Series 1. Secondary collections such as the papers of Amos Garrison (DL0068) and Albert R. Whitney (DL0269) contain duplicate file titles, and descriptions in the spreadsheet may allow researchers to learn more about the exact nature of the materials they contain.","- To distinguish between portraits of unknown subjects in Series 2. Searching for a particular portrait of an unknown subject using the donor accession number may provide researchers with a description of the portrait, including details such as uniform and rank of the subject.","About External Documents MSS 16459 John L. Nau II Civil War History Collection - Transcripts (View and Download Below)","Transcript files are titled by donor accession number. (See above note titled Alphanumeric Designations).","Please be aware that these transcripts may contain mistakes. They are not intended to be a replacement for the original materials or their digital surrogates.","The Nau Collection was processed from October 2021 to March 2023. Because it is an artificial collection with no original order, it was arranged into series to emphasize the provenance of collection materials and to restore materials attributed to or associated with the same individual. Provenance was determined by the archival materials themselves as well as by donor metadata. Additional resources consulted during processing included The National Park Service's online Civil War Soldiers and Sailors Database (https://www.nps.gov/civilwar/soldiers-and-sailors-database.htm); Grover C. Criswell and Clarence L. Criswell's Confederate and Southern State Currency, vol. 1, (Pass-A-Grille, Florida: Criswell's Publications, 1957); John H. Eicher and David J. Eicher's Civil War High Commands (Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 2001); and the Library of Congress's online newspapers database (https://www.loc.gov/newspapers/).","Efforts were made to restore materials to record creators and keep these materials together. However, there are some exceptions, particularly in relation to high-profile historical figures. For example, materials relating to Robert E. Lee and William Tecumseh Sherman can be found in Series 1, 2, and 3.","File titles have been devised by the archivist and each contains a donor accession number (see note titled Alphanumeric Designations). Wherever possible or applicable, titles attributed to materials by record creators are included.","The John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection (1806-1988, bulk 1861-1865; 133 cubic feet) contains Civil War-era correspondence, service records, pension records, artifacts, photographs, military records (including orders, requisitions, and correspondence), currency, newspapers, and other print materials.","The collection primarily contains the correspondence, records, and photographs of white soldiers and officers who fought in the Civil War, including white officers serving in the United States Colored Troops (USCT). Additionally, the collection includes some correspondence and portraits of white women as well as a small number of portraits of Black soldiers (including PT0322, a family portrait, and a young Ben Brown, PC0836.0001) and Native American soldiers (including Frederick L. Rainbow, PT0424.0001).","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","The John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection is predominantly in English. A small number of materials are in Spanish, French, Swedish, and German, and this is indicated at the file level."],"collection_title_tesim":["John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection, 1806/1988, bulk 1861/1865"],"collection_ssim":["John L. 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Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives"],"geogname_ssim":["United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives"],"places_ssim":["United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creators_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"acqinfo_ssim":["The John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection was acquired and donated by John L. Nau III. It was accessioned by the Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library on September 3, 2019 (2019-0149) and in an additional accession in October 2019 (2019-0231)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["letters (correspondence)","Photograph albums","photographs","newspapers"],"access_subjects_ssm":["letters (correspondence)","Photograph albums","photographs","newspapers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"physdesc_tesim":["Good."],"extent_ssm":["133 Cubic Feet 255 boxes; 9 framed items"],"extent_tesim":["133 Cubic Feet 255 boxes; 9 framed items"],"genreform_ssim":["letters (correspondence)","Photograph albums","photographs","newspapers"],"date_range_isim":[1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection (1806-1988; bulk 1861-1865; 133 cubic feet) has been arranged into five series, Series 1: Materials Related to the Civil War Experiences of Soldiers, Officers, and Civilians (1806-1988; approx. 83 cubic feet); Series 2: Photographs and Prints (circa 1848-1939; approx. 34 cubic feet); Series 3: Government Military Records (1855-1913; approx. 9 cubic feet); Series 4: Currency (1839-1875; approx. 1.5 cubic feet); and Series 5: Newspapers and Print Materials (1846-1913; approx. 5.25 cubic feet).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection (1806-1988; bulk 1861-1865; 133 cubic feet) has been arranged into five series, Series 1: Materials Related to the Civil War Experiences of Soldiers, Officers, and Civilians (1806-1988; approx. 83 cubic feet); Series 2: Photographs and Prints (circa 1848-1939; approx. 34 cubic feet); Series 3: Government Military Records (1855-1913; approx. 9 cubic feet); Series 4: Currency (1839-1875; approx. 1.5 cubic feet); and Series 5: Newspapers and Print Materials (1846-1913; approx. 5.25 cubic feet)."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection contains offensive or harmful language and imagery. This includes—but is not limited to—correspondence and diary entries that express racist views; photographs of enslaved people forced into inhumane conditions by enslavers; descriptions of violence and battle experiences; photographs of deceased soldiers; and correspondence containing explicit descriptions of sex. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eThe donor's accession numbering system has been preserved to maintain access to collection metadata or descriptive information. Each file title in this finding aid includes the donor accession number at the end of the title and each corresponding physical folder or item is also labeled with the donor accession number. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDonor accession numbers are comprised of letters denoting document or photograph format followed by a four-digit number that denotes the number of the accession. The following examples can be found in the collection: DA0001 (meaning document - autograph), DC0001.001 (document - currency), DL0001 (document - letter), DN0003 (document - newspaper), DOR0001 (document - order), DOT0001 (document - other), DR0002 (document - requisition), PA0184 (photograph - ambrotype), PC0200 (photograph - carte de visite), PD0007 (photograph - daguerreotype), POT0012 (photograph - other), and PT0003 (photograph - tintype).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese donor accession numbers can be used to search the donation listing spreadsheet for corresponding metadata. This spreadsheet is available to download directly from the finding aid below, under External Documents.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eAbout External Document MSS 16459 John L. Nau II Civil War History Collection - Donation Listing (View and Download Below)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUpon accession of the John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection, the donor provided a spreadsheet donation listing containing metadata and sellers' descriptions associated with collection materials. The spreadsheet can be downloaded below, under the External Documents heading.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePlease note that many descriptions contained in this spreadsheet are drawn from sellers' language used by dealers and auction houses and contain biased and qualitative descriptions. In addition, many descriptions contain offensive, racist, and archaic language, some quoted directly from collection materials (also see the above Content Warning). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePlease also note there may be some materials listed in the donor spreadsheet that are not present in the collection. The Small Library's finding aid is the definitive listing of materials available to researchers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSuggestions for Using the Donation Listing Spreadsheet\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials found in the finding aid can be identified in the spreadsheet using the keyboard shortcut Control + F. If searching for materials discovered in the finding aid, it is recommended to search using donor accession numbers. (For more on this, see the above note on Alphanumeric Designations). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePlease note that the spreadsheet does not contain additional descriptive information for all materials listed in the finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers can use the spreadsheet to explore the collection in many ways, including the following: \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e- To conduct subject-based searches (e.g., regiments, battles, and military functions, and experiences such as sickness).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e- To identify photographs of women, Black soldiers, and Native American soldiers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e- To identify correspondence in Series 1 authored by women and contained within personal papers attributed to men. Series 1 contains a significant amount of correspondence written by women to male relatives and friends. An example includes the many letters written by Mary Stanton to her husband Courtland Stanton, which are found with the Courtland Stanton (DL0011) papers. Another example are the letters of Lucy Britton and Martha Britton found with the Britton Family (DL0100) papers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e- To distinguish between duplicate titles and donor accession numbers in Series 1. Secondary collections such as the papers of Amos Garrison (DL0068) and Albert R. Whitney (DL0269) contain duplicate file titles, and descriptions in the spreadsheet may allow researchers to learn more about the exact nature of the materials they contain.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e- To distinguish between portraits of unknown subjects in Series 2. Searching for a particular portrait of an unknown subject using the donor accession number may provide researchers with a description of the portrait, including details such as uniform and rank of the subject.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eAbout External Documents MSS 16459 John L. Nau II Civil War History Collection - Transcripts (View and Download Below)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTranscript files are titled by donor accession number. (See above note titled Alphanumeric Designations).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePlease be aware that these transcripts may contain mistakes. They are not intended to be a replacement for the original materials or their digital surrogates.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Content Warning","Alphanumeric Designations","Important Information about External Documents"],"odd_tesim":["The John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection contains offensive or harmful language and imagery. This includes—but is not limited to—correspondence and diary entries that express racist views; photographs of enslaved people forced into inhumane conditions by enslavers; descriptions of violence and battle experiences; photographs of deceased soldiers; and correspondence containing explicit descriptions of sex. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.","The donor's accession numbering system has been preserved to maintain access to collection metadata or descriptive information. Each file title in this finding aid includes the donor accession number at the end of the title and each corresponding physical folder or item is also labeled with the donor accession number.","Donor accession numbers are comprised of letters denoting document or photograph format followed by a four-digit number that denotes the number of the accession. The following examples can be found in the collection: DA0001 (meaning document - autograph), DC0001.001 (document - currency), DL0001 (document - letter), DN0003 (document - newspaper), DOR0001 (document - order), DOT0001 (document - other), DR0002 (document - requisition), PA0184 (photograph - ambrotype), PC0200 (photograph - carte de visite), PD0007 (photograph - daguerreotype), POT0012 (photograph - other), and PT0003 (photograph - tintype).","These donor accession numbers can be used to search the donation listing spreadsheet for corresponding metadata. This spreadsheet is available to download directly from the finding aid below, under External Documents.","About External Document MSS 16459 John L. Nau II Civil War History Collection - Donation Listing (View and Download Below)","Upon accession of the John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection, the donor provided a spreadsheet donation listing containing metadata and sellers' descriptions associated with collection materials. The spreadsheet can be downloaded below, under the External Documents heading.","Please note that many descriptions contained in this spreadsheet are drawn from sellers' language used by dealers and auction houses and contain biased and qualitative descriptions. In addition, many descriptions contain offensive, racist, and archaic language, some quoted directly from collection materials (also see the above Content Warning).","Please also note there may be some materials listed in the donor spreadsheet that are not present in the collection. The Small Library's finding aid is the definitive listing of materials available to researchers.","Suggestions for Using the Donation Listing Spreadsheet","Materials found in the finding aid can be identified in the spreadsheet using the keyboard shortcut Control + F. If searching for materials discovered in the finding aid, it is recommended to search using donor accession numbers. (For more on this, see the above note on Alphanumeric Designations).","Please note that the spreadsheet does not contain additional descriptive information for all materials listed in the finding aid.","Researchers can use the spreadsheet to explore the collection in many ways, including the following:","- To conduct subject-based searches (e.g., regiments, battles, and military functions, and experiences such as sickness).","- To identify photographs of women, Black soldiers, and Native American soldiers.","- To identify correspondence in Series 1 authored by women and contained within personal papers attributed to men. Series 1 contains a significant amount of correspondence written by women to male relatives and friends. An example includes the many letters written by Mary Stanton to her husband Courtland Stanton, which are found with the Courtland Stanton (DL0011) papers. Another example are the letters of Lucy Britton and Martha Britton found with the Britton Family (DL0100) papers.","- To distinguish between duplicate titles and donor accession numbers in Series 1. Secondary collections such as the papers of Amos Garrison (DL0068) and Albert R. Whitney (DL0269) contain duplicate file titles, and descriptions in the spreadsheet may allow researchers to learn more about the exact nature of the materials they contain.","- To distinguish between portraits of unknown subjects in Series 2. Searching for a particular portrait of an unknown subject using the donor accession number may provide researchers with a description of the portrait, including details such as uniform and rank of the subject.","About External Documents MSS 16459 John L. Nau II Civil War History Collection - Transcripts (View and Download Below)","Transcript files are titled by donor accession number. (See above note titled Alphanumeric Designations).","Please be aware that these transcripts may contain mistakes. They are not intended to be a replacement for the original materials or their digital surrogates."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn L. Nau III Civil War History Collection, MSS 16459, box number, [if applicable] folder number, donor accession number, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection, MSS 16459, box number, [if applicable] folder number, donor accession number, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Nau Collection was processed from October 2021 to March 2023. Because it is an artificial collection with no original order, it was arranged into series to emphasize the provenance of collection materials and to restore materials attributed to or associated with the same individual. Provenance was determined by the archival materials themselves as well as by donor metadata. Additional resources consulted during processing included The National Park Service's online \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eCivil War Soldiers and Sailors Database\u003c/emph\u003e (https://www.nps.gov/civilwar/soldiers-and-sailors-database.htm); Grover C. Criswell and Clarence L. Criswell's \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eConfederate and Southern State Currency\u003c/emph\u003e, vol. 1, (Pass-A-Grille, Florida: Criswell's Publications, 1957); John H. Eicher and David J. Eicher's \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eCivil War High Commands\u003c/emph\u003e (Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 2001); and the Library of Congress's online newspapers database (https://www.loc.gov/newspapers/).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEfforts were made to restore materials to record creators and keep these materials together. However, there are some exceptions, particularly in relation to high-profile historical figures. For example, materials relating to Robert E. Lee and William Tecumseh Sherman can be found in Series 1, 2, and 3. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFile titles have been devised by the archivist and each contains a donor accession number (see note titled Alphanumeric Designations). Wherever possible or applicable, titles attributed to materials by record creators are included. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The Nau Collection was processed from October 2021 to March 2023. Because it is an artificial collection with no original order, it was arranged into series to emphasize the provenance of collection materials and to restore materials attributed to or associated with the same individual. Provenance was determined by the archival materials themselves as well as by donor metadata. Additional resources consulted during processing included The National Park Service's online Civil War Soldiers and Sailors Database (https://www.nps.gov/civilwar/soldiers-and-sailors-database.htm); Grover C. Criswell and Clarence L. Criswell's Confederate and Southern State Currency, vol. 1, (Pass-A-Grille, Florida: Criswell's Publications, 1957); John H. Eicher and David J. Eicher's Civil War High Commands (Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 2001); and the Library of Congress's online newspapers database (https://www.loc.gov/newspapers/).","Efforts were made to restore materials to record creators and keep these materials together. However, there are some exceptions, particularly in relation to high-profile historical figures. For example, materials relating to Robert E. Lee and William Tecumseh Sherman can be found in Series 1, 2, and 3.","File titles have been devised by the archivist and each contains a donor accession number (see note titled Alphanumeric Designations). Wherever possible or applicable, titles attributed to materials by record creators are included."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection (1806-1988, bulk 1861-1865; 133 cubic feet) contains Civil War-era correspondence, service records, pension records, artifacts, photographs, military records (including orders, requisitions, and correspondence), currency, newspapers, and other print materials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection primarily contains the correspondence, records, and photographs of white soldiers and officers who fought in the Civil War, including white officers serving in the United States Colored Troops (USCT). Additionally, the collection includes some correspondence and portraits of white women as well as a small number of portraits of Black soldiers (including PT0322, a family portrait, and a young Ben Brown, PC0836.0001) and Native American soldiers (including Frederick L. Rainbow, PT0424.0001). \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection (1806-1988, bulk 1861-1865; 133 cubic feet) contains Civil War-era correspondence, service records, pension records, artifacts, photographs, military records (including orders, requisitions, and correspondence), currency, newspapers, and other print materials.","The collection primarily contains the correspondence, records, and photographs of white soldiers and officers who fought in the Civil War, including white officers serving in the United States Colored Troops (USCT). Additionally, the collection includes some correspondence and portraits of white women as well as a small number of portraits of Black soldiers (including PT0322, a family portrait, and a young Ben Brown, PC0836.0001) and Native American soldiers (including Frederick L. Rainbow, PT0424.0001)."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["The John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection is predominantly in English. A small number of materials are in Spanish, French, Swedish, and German, and this is indicated at the file level."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":10302,"online_item_count_is":5,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:54:19.132Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_941"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1396","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Watts family papers-addition, 1786/1950","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1396#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Watts family papers of Roanoke County, Virginia at \"Oaklands\" in Flat Creek, Campbell County) consist of correspondence and documents related to the American Revolution, the War of 1812, the United States Civil War, war with Osceola and Seminole tribes in Florida, Virginia politics, economic and social history (including enslavement),land ownership, farming, court cases and debt from 1786 to 1950 in southwest Virginia. The Watts are related to many other Virginia families including James and Dolley Madison. This collection represents a great view into historical and social events of the eighteenth and nineteenth century in Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1396#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1396","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1396","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1396","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1396","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1396.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/151360","title_filing_ssi":"Watts family papers","title_ssm":["Watts family papers-addition"],"title_tesim":["Watts family papers-addition"],"unitdate_ssm":["1786-1950"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1786-1950"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1786/1950"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Watts family papers-addition, 1786/1950"],"text":["Watts family papers-addition, 1786/1950","MSS 12170","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1396","United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Slavery--United States -- Virginia","lawyers -- Virginia","The collection is open for research use.","The Watts family papers are arranged into 9 series. Series 1. Family Correspondence, Series 2. Genealogy, History and letters of James and Dolley Madison, Series 3. Documents related to enslavement, Series 4. Legal and Financial papers, Subseries A. Indentures, Subseries B. Marriage agreements, petitions, statements, and wills, Subseries C. Letters about collecting debts, Subseries D. Receipts for goods and services of the Watts family, Series 5. Newspaper clippings and miscellaneous family papers and oversize photographs, Series 6. Family Bibles, Series 7. Roanoke Gun Club Inc. land, Series 8. Showalter transcriptions on digital materials and a flash drive. Box 1 contains folders with some transcription of the letters in the collection and a folder with biographical information. Box 12 contains folders with an index and a folder of miscellaneous information about the collection.","Added existing collection MSS 12170 (3 folders) of Breckinridge, Gamble and Watts families into this addition of Watts family papers MSS 12170.","The Watts family has been part of the Roanoke Valley (also called \"Big Lick\") in Virginia for six generations. General Edward Watts was born on 7 April 1779, in Prince Edward, Virginia. He was the son of William Watts (1742-1797), and Mary Scott (1758-1836). He married Elizabeth Breckinridge, the daughter of James Breckinridge on 6 May 1811 and they had 10 children, including William Watts (1817-1877), Mary Scott Gamble (1814-1840), Ann Selden Watts Holcombe (1820-1888), Alice Watts Robertson (1832-1914), Emma Gilmer Watts Carr (1834-1872) and Letitia Watts Sorrell (1829-1900). Edward Watts purchased 400 acres of land from his father-in-law, James Breckinridge (called The Barrens) where he built his home \"Oaklands\" in 1817. General Edward Watts died in 1859 at age 59. The Watts and Breckinridge families were well-known families in southwest Virginia who enslaved people during the American Revolution and the American Civil War. They were admired by their peers as influential attorneys, politicians, and land owners who often opened their house to the community.","General Edward Watts was educated at Liberty Hall Academy (Washington \u0026 Lee), and Princeton. He was an officer in the War of 1812 and was the Commonwealth attorney for Roanoke County from 1839 to 1845. His son, William Watts (1817-1877) was a Colonel in the 28th Infantry of the Confederate Army (Roanoke Greys). He was educated in medicine and law at the University of Virginia.","After the war, he followed in his father's path as the Commonwealth attorney from 1845 to 1854. He was in the State Constitutional Convention (1850-1851), and was president of the Exchange Bank of Virginia. He also ran for governor in 1834 and 1842. He served in the legislature for one term in 1875. He married Mary Allen in 1850 and they had one living son, John Allen Watts (1855-1904). Mary Allen died following his birth in 1855. Colonel William Watts was also a farmer who enslaved over 100 people. He was said to have one enslaved person as his \"body servant\" through the war and gave him a home for life. Research of the collection has not yet provided his name.","John Allen Watts (1855-1904) nicknamed \"Squat\" was also a student at the University of Virginia and became an attorney. He married Gertrude Lee and they had a son named William. John Allen Watts sold Oaklands to a develpment company and it burned down in 1897. Descendants Jean Staples Showalter, English Showalter, and Katherine Watts donated this collection of their family's papers.","Sources:\n\"Roanoke and Western Virginia: Glimpses of the Pst: Oaklands\" http://showalter.blogspot.com/2010/12/oaklands.html","Barnes, Raymond. \"Confederates of Roanoke-V: General Edward Watts and Colonel William Watts Founded Clan\" Roanoke World News. 5 April 1961. The Historical Society of Western Virginia. O. Winston Link Museum. History Museum of Western Virginia\nhttps://hswv.pastperfectonline.com/archive/94647C8F-8806-4D18-8A04-445143233613#gallery","Barnes, Raymond. 'Oaklands' Was Hospitable Seat of Watts Family for Generations: Needed Big Staff\" Roanoke World News. 21 May 1958. The Historical Society of Western Virginia. O. Winston Link Museum. History Museum of Western Virginia\nhttps://hswv.pastperfectonline.com/archive/53DC8EB0-DBE3-4B95-B4AF-027946626463#gallery","Watts, Katherine. \"The Roanoke Valley and the Watts Family\" June 1984.","There is a website at the O. Winston Link Museum (History Museum of West Virginia) that has many of the Watts family letters online","https://hswv.pastperfectonline.com/byperson?page=3\u0026keyword=Watts%2C%20William\u0026searchType=person\u0026showsearch=True","Related collections include MSS 4111-a,-b,-c,-d,-e,-f; MSS 8914, and MSS 653.","MSS 38-33 Irvine, Saunders, Davis, and Watts families (William Watts daybooks 1768-1786); MSS 259; MSS 653; MSS 9715 Abram Penn Staples.","The Watts family papers of Roanoke County, Virginia at \"Oaklands\" in Flat Creek, Campbell County) consist of correspondence and documents related to the American Revolution, the War of 1812, the United States Civil War, war with Osceola and Seminole tribes in Florida, Virginia politics, economic and social history (including enslavement),land ownership, farming, court cases and debt from 1786 to 1950 in southwest Virginia. The Watts are related to many other Virginia families including James and Dolley Madison. This collection represents a great view into historical and social events of the eighteenth and nineteenth century in Virginia.","The papers of this family of landowners, farmers, politicians, and attorneys portray the rich southern antebellum life on the Oaklands plantation. Despite the told and true characteristics of the kindness of the Watts family, they were nineteenth century southern plantation owners who owned hundreds of enslaved persons. The letters and receipts in the collection include many first names and some last names. One enslaved person, Henry Langhorne, a lifetime attendant of Colonel William Watts was bequeathed $1,000 and a home for life.","Some letters mention the Watt's efforts to keep enslaved families from being separated by intervening in the sales of enslaved persons. There are many references to enslaved people among their households and farm, including descriptions of providing their clothing, housing, and nurturing them when they were sick, like family members. It is important to note that the collection also contains receipts for their purchase and loan.","The issue of enslavement is discussed in local meetings that Watts attended. There are also letters from former enslaved persons such as [Malinda] Langhorne and William Langhorne to Watts family members and photographs of enslaved persons, Aunt Sally and Aunt Phoebe standing together, and a photograph of Uncle Lou with the Watts children.","There is also correspondence about financial and legal matters as Colonel William Watts (1817-1877) and his father, General Edward Watts (1779-1859), were attorneys. Much of their correspondence relates to collecting debts, indentures, land surveys, receipts, and politics (Whig party, Commonwealth Attorney, Constitutional Convention, Virginia Delegates, and candidacy for Governor), and religion. The papers contain discussions about the popular faith of Presbyterians and Episcopalians). The University of Virginia, Washington \u0026 Lee, and William \u0026 Mary College are also mentioned.","The collection spans six generations of the Watts family including General Edward Watts and his wife Elizabeth Breckinridge (1794-1862), their son Colonel William Watts (1817-1877) and his wife Mary Jane Allen (1825-1855). Also included is their son, John Allen Watts and his wife Gertrude Lee.","Other related families include Madison, Breckenridge, Allen, Jackson, Watson, Morris, Gamble, Payne, Washington, Meigs, and Saunders. (MSS 653) Other related collections include MSS 4111-a,-b,-c,-d,-e,-f; MSS 38-33 Irvine, Saunders, Davis, and Watts families (William Watts daybooks 1768-1786); MSS 259; MSS 9715 Abram Penn Staples..(see related materials note)","The papers of Mary Scott Watts Gamble have been combined into this collection. These letters contain her accounts of attacks by Osceola and Seminole people in Florida. She mentions that Robert [Watts?] and Robert Gamble joined the local militia to remove the Seminoles from the swamps and send them out West. (1835)","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Watts family papers-addition, 1786/1950"],"collection_ssim":["Watts family papers-addition, 1786/1950"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 12170","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource 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Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1396"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 12170","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival 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Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1396"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"geogname_ssim":["United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"places_ssim":["United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creators_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a gift from Katherine Watts to the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 9 April 2022."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Slavery--United States -- Virginia","lawyers -- Virginia"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Slavery--United States -- Virginia","lawyers -- Virginia"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["9 Cubic Feet 12 legal size document boxes, 1 half-size legal document box, 2 cubics of bibles, and 2 oversize boxes",".107 Gigabytes","0.25 Cubic Feet"],"extent_tesim":["9 Cubic Feet 12 legal size document boxes, 1 half-size legal document box, 2 cubics of bibles, and 2 oversize boxes",".107 Gigabytes","0.25 Cubic Feet"],"physfacet_tesim":["2,588 files, 2, 371 MS Word files, 176 Open office documents, 23 jpegs, 13 Apple/Double files, 3 tiffs, 1 pdf.","Oversize box: Photographs and certificates of Watts family members (deframed)"],"date_range_isim":[1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Watts family papers are arranged into 9 series. Series 1. Family Correspondence, Series 2. Genealogy, History and letters of James and Dolley Madison, Series 3. Documents related to enslavement, Series 4. Legal and Financial papers, Subseries A. Indentures, Subseries B. Marriage agreements, petitions, statements, and wills, Subseries C. Letters about collecting debts, Subseries D. Receipts for goods and services of the Watts family, Series 5. Newspaper clippings and miscellaneous family papers and oversize photographs, Series 6. Family Bibles, Series 7. Roanoke Gun Club Inc. land, Series 8. Showalter transcriptions on digital materials and a flash drive. Box 1 contains folders with some transcription of the letters in the collection and a folder with biographical information. Box 12 contains folders with an index and a folder of miscellaneous information about the collection. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdded existing collection MSS 12170 (3 folders) of Breckinridge, Gamble and Watts families into this addition of Watts family papers MSS 12170. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Watts family papers are arranged into 9 series. Series 1. Family Correspondence, Series 2. Genealogy, History and letters of James and Dolley Madison, Series 3. Documents related to enslavement, Series 4. Legal and Financial papers, Subseries A. Indentures, Subseries B. Marriage agreements, petitions, statements, and wills, Subseries C. Letters about collecting debts, Subseries D. Receipts for goods and services of the Watts family, Series 5. Newspaper clippings and miscellaneous family papers and oversize photographs, Series 6. Family Bibles, Series 7. Roanoke Gun Club Inc. land, Series 8. Showalter transcriptions on digital materials and a flash drive. Box 1 contains folders with some transcription of the letters in the collection and a folder with biographical information. Box 12 contains folders with an index and a folder of miscellaneous information about the collection.","Added existing collection MSS 12170 (3 folders) of Breckinridge, Gamble and Watts families into this addition of Watts family papers MSS 12170."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Watts family has been part of the Roanoke Valley (also called \"Big Lick\") in Virginia for six generations. General Edward Watts was born on 7 April 1779, in Prince Edward, Virginia. He was the son of William Watts (1742-1797), and Mary Scott (1758-1836). He married Elizabeth Breckinridge, the daughter of James Breckinridge on 6 May 1811 and they had 10 children, including William Watts (1817-1877), Mary Scott Gamble (1814-1840), Ann Selden Watts Holcombe (1820-1888), Alice Watts Robertson (1832-1914), Emma Gilmer Watts Carr (1834-1872) and Letitia Watts Sorrell (1829-1900). Edward Watts purchased 400 acres of land from his father-in-law, James Breckinridge (called The Barrens) where he built his home \"Oaklands\" in 1817. General Edward Watts died in 1859 at age 59. The Watts and Breckinridge families were well-known families in southwest Virginia who enslaved people during the American Revolution and the American Civil War. They were admired by their peers as influential attorneys, politicians, and land owners who often opened their house to the community.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGeneral Edward Watts was educated at Liberty Hall Academy (Washington \u0026amp; Lee), and Princeton. He was an officer in the War of 1812 and was the Commonwealth attorney for Roanoke County from 1839 to 1845. His son, William Watts (1817-1877) was a Colonel in the 28th Infantry of the Confederate Army (Roanoke Greys). He was educated in medicine and law at the University of Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter the war, he followed in his father's path as the Commonwealth attorney from 1845 to 1854. He was in the State Constitutional Convention (1850-1851), and was president of the Exchange Bank of Virginia. He also ran for governor in 1834 and 1842. He served in the legislature for one term in 1875. He married Mary Allen in 1850 and they had one living son, John Allen Watts (1855-1904). Mary Allen died following his birth in 1855. Colonel William Watts was also a farmer who enslaved over 100 people. He was said to have one enslaved person as his \"body servant\" through the war and gave him a home for life. Research of the collection has not yet provided his name.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJohn Allen Watts (1855-1904) nicknamed \"Squat\" was also a student at the University of Virginia and became an attorney. He married Gertrude Lee and they had a son named William. John Allen Watts sold Oaklands to a develpment company and it burned down in 1897. Descendants Jean Staples Showalter, English Showalter, and Katherine Watts donated this collection of their family's papers. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSources:\n\"Roanoke and Western Virginia: Glimpses of the Pst: Oaklands\" http://showalter.blogspot.com/2010/12/oaklands.html\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBarnes, Raymond. \"Confederates of Roanoke-V: General Edward Watts and Colonel William Watts Founded Clan\" Roanoke World News. 5 April 1961. The Historical Society of Western Virginia. O. Winston Link Museum. History Museum of Western Virginia\nhttps://hswv.pastperfectonline.com/archive/94647C8F-8806-4D18-8A04-445143233613#gallery\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nBarnes, Raymond. 'Oaklands' Was Hospitable Seat of Watts Family for Generations: Needed Big Staff\" Roanoke World News. 21 May 1958. The Historical Society of Western Virginia. O. Winston Link Museum. History Museum of Western Virginia\nhttps://hswv.pastperfectonline.com/archive/53DC8EB0-DBE3-4B95-B4AF-027946626463#gallery\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nWatts, Katherine. \"The Roanoke Valley and the Watts Family\" June 1984.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Watts family has been part of the Roanoke Valley (also called \"Big Lick\") in Virginia for six generations. General Edward Watts was born on 7 April 1779, in Prince Edward, Virginia. He was the son of William Watts (1742-1797), and Mary Scott (1758-1836). He married Elizabeth Breckinridge, the daughter of James Breckinridge on 6 May 1811 and they had 10 children, including William Watts (1817-1877), Mary Scott Gamble (1814-1840), Ann Selden Watts Holcombe (1820-1888), Alice Watts Robertson (1832-1914), Emma Gilmer Watts Carr (1834-1872) and Letitia Watts Sorrell (1829-1900). Edward Watts purchased 400 acres of land from his father-in-law, James Breckinridge (called The Barrens) where he built his home \"Oaklands\" in 1817. General Edward Watts died in 1859 at age 59. The Watts and Breckinridge families were well-known families in southwest Virginia who enslaved people during the American Revolution and the American Civil War. They were admired by their peers as influential attorneys, politicians, and land owners who often opened their house to the community.","General Edward Watts was educated at Liberty Hall Academy (Washington \u0026 Lee), and Princeton. He was an officer in the War of 1812 and was the Commonwealth attorney for Roanoke County from 1839 to 1845. His son, William Watts (1817-1877) was a Colonel in the 28th Infantry of the Confederate Army (Roanoke Greys). He was educated in medicine and law at the University of Virginia.","After the war, he followed in his father's path as the Commonwealth attorney from 1845 to 1854. He was in the State Constitutional Convention (1850-1851), and was president of the Exchange Bank of Virginia. He also ran for governor in 1834 and 1842. He served in the legislature for one term in 1875. He married Mary Allen in 1850 and they had one living son, John Allen Watts (1855-1904). Mary Allen died following his birth in 1855. Colonel William Watts was also a farmer who enslaved over 100 people. He was said to have one enslaved person as his \"body servant\" through the war and gave him a home for life. Research of the collection has not yet provided his name.","John Allen Watts (1855-1904) nicknamed \"Squat\" was also a student at the University of Virginia and became an attorney. He married Gertrude Lee and they had a son named William. John Allen Watts sold Oaklands to a develpment company and it burned down in 1897. Descendants Jean Staples Showalter, English Showalter, and Katherine Watts donated this collection of their family's papers.","Sources:\n\"Roanoke and Western Virginia: Glimpses of the Pst: Oaklands\" http://showalter.blogspot.com/2010/12/oaklands.html","Barnes, Raymond. \"Confederates of Roanoke-V: General Edward Watts and Colonel William Watts Founded Clan\" Roanoke World News. 5 April 1961. The Historical Society of Western Virginia. O. Winston Link Museum. History Museum of Western Virginia\nhttps://hswv.pastperfectonline.com/archive/94647C8F-8806-4D18-8A04-445143233613#gallery","Barnes, Raymond. 'Oaklands' Was Hospitable Seat of Watts Family for Generations: Needed Big Staff\" Roanoke World News. 21 May 1958. The Historical Society of Western Virginia. O. Winston Link Museum. History Museum of Western Virginia\nhttps://hswv.pastperfectonline.com/archive/53DC8EB0-DBE3-4B95-B4AF-027946626463#gallery","Watts, Katherine. \"The Roanoke Valley and the Watts Family\" June 1984."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 12170, Watts family papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 12170, Watts family papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere is a website at the O. Winston Link Museum (History Museum of West Virginia) that has many of the Watts family letters online \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ehttps://hswv.pastperfectonline.com/byperson?page=3\u0026amp;keyword=Watts%2C%20William\u0026amp;searchType=person\u0026amp;showsearch=True\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelated collections include MSS 4111-a,-b,-c,-d,-e,-f; MSS 8914, and MSS 653.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eMSS 38-33 Irvine, Saunders, Davis, and Watts families (William Watts daybooks 1768-1786); MSS 259; MSS 653; MSS 9715 Abram Penn Staples.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials","Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["There is a website at the O. Winston Link Museum (History Museum of West Virginia) that has many of the Watts family letters online","https://hswv.pastperfectonline.com/byperson?page=3\u0026keyword=Watts%2C%20William\u0026searchType=person\u0026showsearch=True","Related collections include MSS 4111-a,-b,-c,-d,-e,-f; MSS 8914, and MSS 653.","MSS 38-33 Irvine, Saunders, Davis, and Watts families (William Watts daybooks 1768-1786); MSS 259; MSS 653; MSS 9715 Abram Penn Staples."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Watts family papers of Roanoke County, Virginia at \"Oaklands\" in Flat Creek, Campbell County) consist of correspondence and documents related to the American Revolution, the War of 1812, the United States Civil War, war with Osceola and Seminole tribes in Florida, Virginia politics, economic and social history (including enslavement),land ownership, farming, court cases and debt from 1786 to 1950 in southwest Virginia. The Watts are related to many other Virginia families including James and Dolley Madison. This collection represents a great view into historical and social events of the eighteenth and nineteenth century in Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe papers of this family of landowners, farmers, politicians, and attorneys portray the rich southern antebellum life on the Oaklands plantation. Despite the told and true characteristics of the kindness of the Watts family, they were nineteenth century southern plantation owners who owned hundreds of enslaved persons. The letters and receipts in the collection include many first names and some last names. One enslaved person, Henry Langhorne, a lifetime attendant of Colonel William Watts was bequeathed $1,000 and a home for life. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSome letters mention the Watt's efforts to keep enslaved families from being separated by intervening in the sales of enslaved persons. There are many references to enslaved people among their households and farm, including descriptions of providing their clothing, housing, and nurturing them when they were sick, like family members. It is important to note that the collection also contains receipts for their purchase and loan. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe issue of enslavement is discussed in local meetings that Watts attended. There are also letters from former enslaved persons such as [Malinda] Langhorne and William Langhorne to Watts family members and photographs of enslaved persons, Aunt Sally and Aunt Phoebe standing together, and a photograph of Uncle Lou with the Watts children. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is also correspondence about financial and legal matters as Colonel William Watts (1817-1877) and his father, General Edward Watts (1779-1859), were attorneys. Much of their correspondence relates to collecting debts, indentures, land surveys, receipts, and politics (Whig party, Commonwealth Attorney, Constitutional Convention, Virginia Delegates, and candidacy for Governor), and religion. The papers contain discussions about the popular faith of Presbyterians and Episcopalians). The University of Virginia, Washington \u0026amp; Lee, and William \u0026amp; Mary College are also mentioned.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection spans six generations of the Watts family including General Edward Watts and his wife Elizabeth Breckinridge (1794-1862), their son Colonel William Watts (1817-1877) and his wife Mary Jane Allen (1825-1855). Also included is their son, John Allen Watts and his wife Gertrude Lee. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOther related families include Madison, Breckenridge, Allen, Jackson, Watson, Morris, Gamble, Payne, Washington, Meigs, and Saunders. (MSS 653) Other related collections include MSS 4111-a,-b,-c,-d,-e,-f; MSS 38-33 Irvine, Saunders, Davis, and Watts families (William Watts daybooks 1768-1786); MSS 259; MSS 9715 Abram Penn Staples..(see related materials note)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe papers of Mary Scott Watts Gamble have been combined into this collection. These letters contain her accounts of attacks by Osceola and Seminole people in Florida. She mentions that Robert [Watts?] and Robert Gamble joined the local militia to remove the Seminoles from the swamps and send them out West. (1835) \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Watts family papers of Roanoke County, Virginia at \"Oaklands\" in Flat Creek, Campbell County) consist of correspondence and documents related to the American Revolution, the War of 1812, the United States Civil War, war with Osceola and Seminole tribes in Florida, Virginia politics, economic and social history (including enslavement),land ownership, farming, court cases and debt from 1786 to 1950 in southwest Virginia. The Watts are related to many other Virginia families including James and Dolley Madison. This collection represents a great view into historical and social events of the eighteenth and nineteenth century in Virginia.","The papers of this family of landowners, farmers, politicians, and attorneys portray the rich southern antebellum life on the Oaklands plantation. Despite the told and true characteristics of the kindness of the Watts family, they were nineteenth century southern plantation owners who owned hundreds of enslaved persons. The letters and receipts in the collection include many first names and some last names. One enslaved person, Henry Langhorne, a lifetime attendant of Colonel William Watts was bequeathed $1,000 and a home for life.","Some letters mention the Watt's efforts to keep enslaved families from being separated by intervening in the sales of enslaved persons. There are many references to enslaved people among their households and farm, including descriptions of providing their clothing, housing, and nurturing them when they were sick, like family members. It is important to note that the collection also contains receipts for their purchase and loan.","The issue of enslavement is discussed in local meetings that Watts attended. There are also letters from former enslaved persons such as [Malinda] Langhorne and William Langhorne to Watts family members and photographs of enslaved persons, Aunt Sally and Aunt Phoebe standing together, and a photograph of Uncle Lou with the Watts children.","There is also correspondence about financial and legal matters as Colonel William Watts (1817-1877) and his father, General Edward Watts (1779-1859), were attorneys. Much of their correspondence relates to collecting debts, indentures, land surveys, receipts, and politics (Whig party, Commonwealth Attorney, Constitutional Convention, Virginia Delegates, and candidacy for Governor), and religion. The papers contain discussions about the popular faith of Presbyterians and Episcopalians). The University of Virginia, Washington \u0026 Lee, and William \u0026 Mary College are also mentioned.","The collection spans six generations of the Watts family including General Edward Watts and his wife Elizabeth Breckinridge (1794-1862), their son Colonel William Watts (1817-1877) and his wife Mary Jane Allen (1825-1855). Also included is their son, John Allen Watts and his wife Gertrude Lee.","Other related families include Madison, Breckenridge, Allen, Jackson, Watson, Morris, Gamble, Payne, Washington, Meigs, and Saunders. (MSS 653) Other related collections include MSS 4111-a,-b,-c,-d,-e,-f; MSS 38-33 Irvine, Saunders, Davis, and Watts families (William Watts daybooks 1768-1786); MSS 259; MSS 9715 Abram Penn Staples..(see related materials note)","The papers of Mary Scott Watts Gamble have been combined into this collection. These letters contain her accounts of attacks by Osceola and Seminole people in Florida. She mentions that Robert [Watts?] and Robert Gamble joined the local militia to remove the Seminoles from the swamps and send them out West. (1835)"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":281,"online_item_count_is":1,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:53:38.700Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1396","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1396","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1396","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1396","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1396.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/151360","title_filing_ssi":"Watts family papers","title_ssm":["Watts family papers-addition"],"title_tesim":["Watts family papers-addition"],"unitdate_ssm":["1786-1950"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1786-1950"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1786/1950"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Watts family papers-addition, 1786/1950"],"text":["Watts family papers-addition, 1786/1950","MSS 12170","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1396","United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Slavery--United States -- Virginia","lawyers -- Virginia","The collection is open for research use.","The Watts family papers are arranged into 9 series. Series 1. Family Correspondence, Series 2. Genealogy, History and letters of James and Dolley Madison, Series 3. Documents related to enslavement, Series 4. Legal and Financial papers, Subseries A. Indentures, Subseries B. Marriage agreements, petitions, statements, and wills, Subseries C. Letters about collecting debts, Subseries D. Receipts for goods and services of the Watts family, Series 5. Newspaper clippings and miscellaneous family papers and oversize photographs, Series 6. Family Bibles, Series 7. Roanoke Gun Club Inc. land, Series 8. Showalter transcriptions on digital materials and a flash drive. Box 1 contains folders with some transcription of the letters in the collection and a folder with biographical information. Box 12 contains folders with an index and a folder of miscellaneous information about the collection.","Added existing collection MSS 12170 (3 folders) of Breckinridge, Gamble and Watts families into this addition of Watts family papers MSS 12170.","The Watts family has been part of the Roanoke Valley (also called \"Big Lick\") in Virginia for six generations. General Edward Watts was born on 7 April 1779, in Prince Edward, Virginia. He was the son of William Watts (1742-1797), and Mary Scott (1758-1836). He married Elizabeth Breckinridge, the daughter of James Breckinridge on 6 May 1811 and they had 10 children, including William Watts (1817-1877), Mary Scott Gamble (1814-1840), Ann Selden Watts Holcombe (1820-1888), Alice Watts Robertson (1832-1914), Emma Gilmer Watts Carr (1834-1872) and Letitia Watts Sorrell (1829-1900). Edward Watts purchased 400 acres of land from his father-in-law, James Breckinridge (called The Barrens) where he built his home \"Oaklands\" in 1817. General Edward Watts died in 1859 at age 59. The Watts and Breckinridge families were well-known families in southwest Virginia who enslaved people during the American Revolution and the American Civil War. They were admired by their peers as influential attorneys, politicians, and land owners who often opened their house to the community.","General Edward Watts was educated at Liberty Hall Academy (Washington \u0026 Lee), and Princeton. He was an officer in the War of 1812 and was the Commonwealth attorney for Roanoke County from 1839 to 1845. His son, William Watts (1817-1877) was a Colonel in the 28th Infantry of the Confederate Army (Roanoke Greys). He was educated in medicine and law at the University of Virginia.","After the war, he followed in his father's path as the Commonwealth attorney from 1845 to 1854. He was in the State Constitutional Convention (1850-1851), and was president of the Exchange Bank of Virginia. He also ran for governor in 1834 and 1842. He served in the legislature for one term in 1875. He married Mary Allen in 1850 and they had one living son, John Allen Watts (1855-1904). Mary Allen died following his birth in 1855. Colonel William Watts was also a farmer who enslaved over 100 people. He was said to have one enslaved person as his \"body servant\" through the war and gave him a home for life. Research of the collection has not yet provided his name.","John Allen Watts (1855-1904) nicknamed \"Squat\" was also a student at the University of Virginia and became an attorney. He married Gertrude Lee and they had a son named William. John Allen Watts sold Oaklands to a develpment company and it burned down in 1897. Descendants Jean Staples Showalter, English Showalter, and Katherine Watts donated this collection of their family's papers.","Sources:\n\"Roanoke and Western Virginia: Glimpses of the Pst: Oaklands\" http://showalter.blogspot.com/2010/12/oaklands.html","Barnes, Raymond. \"Confederates of Roanoke-V: General Edward Watts and Colonel William Watts Founded Clan\" Roanoke World News. 5 April 1961. The Historical Society of Western Virginia. O. Winston Link Museum. History Museum of Western Virginia\nhttps://hswv.pastperfectonline.com/archive/94647C8F-8806-4D18-8A04-445143233613#gallery","Barnes, Raymond. 'Oaklands' Was Hospitable Seat of Watts Family for Generations: Needed Big Staff\" Roanoke World News. 21 May 1958. The Historical Society of Western Virginia. O. Winston Link Museum. History Museum of Western Virginia\nhttps://hswv.pastperfectonline.com/archive/53DC8EB0-DBE3-4B95-B4AF-027946626463#gallery","Watts, Katherine. \"The Roanoke Valley and the Watts Family\" June 1984.","There is a website at the O. Winston Link Museum (History Museum of West Virginia) that has many of the Watts family letters online","https://hswv.pastperfectonline.com/byperson?page=3\u0026keyword=Watts%2C%20William\u0026searchType=person\u0026showsearch=True","Related collections include MSS 4111-a,-b,-c,-d,-e,-f; MSS 8914, and MSS 653.","MSS 38-33 Irvine, Saunders, Davis, and Watts families (William Watts daybooks 1768-1786); MSS 259; MSS 653; MSS 9715 Abram Penn Staples.","The Watts family papers of Roanoke County, Virginia at \"Oaklands\" in Flat Creek, Campbell County) consist of correspondence and documents related to the American Revolution, the War of 1812, the United States Civil War, war with Osceola and Seminole tribes in Florida, Virginia politics, economic and social history (including enslavement),land ownership, farming, court cases and debt from 1786 to 1950 in southwest Virginia. The Watts are related to many other Virginia families including James and Dolley Madison. This collection represents a great view into historical and social events of the eighteenth and nineteenth century in Virginia.","The papers of this family of landowners, farmers, politicians, and attorneys portray the rich southern antebellum life on the Oaklands plantation. Despite the told and true characteristics of the kindness of the Watts family, they were nineteenth century southern plantation owners who owned hundreds of enslaved persons. The letters and receipts in the collection include many first names and some last names. One enslaved person, Henry Langhorne, a lifetime attendant of Colonel William Watts was bequeathed $1,000 and a home for life.","Some letters mention the Watt's efforts to keep enslaved families from being separated by intervening in the sales of enslaved persons. There are many references to enslaved people among their households and farm, including descriptions of providing their clothing, housing, and nurturing them when they were sick, like family members. It is important to note that the collection also contains receipts for their purchase and loan.","The issue of enslavement is discussed in local meetings that Watts attended. There are also letters from former enslaved persons such as [Malinda] Langhorne and William Langhorne to Watts family members and photographs of enslaved persons, Aunt Sally and Aunt Phoebe standing together, and a photograph of Uncle Lou with the Watts children.","There is also correspondence about financial and legal matters as Colonel William Watts (1817-1877) and his father, General Edward Watts (1779-1859), were attorneys. Much of their correspondence relates to collecting debts, indentures, land surveys, receipts, and politics (Whig party, Commonwealth Attorney, Constitutional Convention, Virginia Delegates, and candidacy for Governor), and religion. The papers contain discussions about the popular faith of Presbyterians and Episcopalians). The University of Virginia, Washington \u0026 Lee, and William \u0026 Mary College are also mentioned.","The collection spans six generations of the Watts family including General Edward Watts and his wife Elizabeth Breckinridge (1794-1862), their son Colonel William Watts (1817-1877) and his wife Mary Jane Allen (1825-1855). Also included is their son, John Allen Watts and his wife Gertrude Lee.","Other related families include Madison, Breckenridge, Allen, Jackson, Watson, Morris, Gamble, Payne, Washington, Meigs, and Saunders. (MSS 653) Other related collections include MSS 4111-a,-b,-c,-d,-e,-f; MSS 38-33 Irvine, Saunders, Davis, and Watts families (William Watts daybooks 1768-1786); MSS 259; MSS 9715 Abram Penn Staples..(see related materials note)","The papers of Mary Scott Watts Gamble have been combined into this collection. These letters contain her accounts of attacks by Osceola and Seminole people in Florida. She mentions that Robert [Watts?] and Robert Gamble joined the local militia to remove the Seminoles from the swamps and send them out West. (1835)","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Watts family papers-addition, 1786/1950"],"collection_ssim":["Watts family papers-addition, 1786/1950"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 12170","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource 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Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1396"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 12170","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival 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Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1396"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"geogname_ssim":["United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"places_ssim":["United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creators_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a gift from Katherine Watts to the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 9 April 2022."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Slavery--United States -- Virginia","lawyers -- Virginia"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Slavery--United States -- Virginia","lawyers -- Virginia"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["9 Cubic Feet 12 legal size document boxes, 1 half-size legal document box, 2 cubics of bibles, and 2 oversize boxes",".107 Gigabytes","0.25 Cubic Feet"],"extent_tesim":["9 Cubic Feet 12 legal size document boxes, 1 half-size legal document box, 2 cubics of bibles, and 2 oversize boxes",".107 Gigabytes","0.25 Cubic Feet"],"physfacet_tesim":["2,588 files, 2, 371 MS Word files, 176 Open office documents, 23 jpegs, 13 Apple/Double files, 3 tiffs, 1 pdf.","Oversize box: Photographs and certificates of Watts family members (deframed)"],"date_range_isim":[1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Watts family papers are arranged into 9 series. Series 1. Family Correspondence, Series 2. Genealogy, History and letters of James and Dolley Madison, Series 3. Documents related to enslavement, Series 4. Legal and Financial papers, Subseries A. Indentures, Subseries B. Marriage agreements, petitions, statements, and wills, Subseries C. Letters about collecting debts, Subseries D. Receipts for goods and services of the Watts family, Series 5. Newspaper clippings and miscellaneous family papers and oversize photographs, Series 6. Family Bibles, Series 7. Roanoke Gun Club Inc. land, Series 8. Showalter transcriptions on digital materials and a flash drive. Box 1 contains folders with some transcription of the letters in the collection and a folder with biographical information. Box 12 contains folders with an index and a folder of miscellaneous information about the collection. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdded existing collection MSS 12170 (3 folders) of Breckinridge, Gamble and Watts families into this addition of Watts family papers MSS 12170. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Watts family papers are arranged into 9 series. Series 1. Family Correspondence, Series 2. Genealogy, History and letters of James and Dolley Madison, Series 3. Documents related to enslavement, Series 4. Legal and Financial papers, Subseries A. Indentures, Subseries B. Marriage agreements, petitions, statements, and wills, Subseries C. Letters about collecting debts, Subseries D. Receipts for goods and services of the Watts family, Series 5. Newspaper clippings and miscellaneous family papers and oversize photographs, Series 6. Family Bibles, Series 7. Roanoke Gun Club Inc. land, Series 8. Showalter transcriptions on digital materials and a flash drive. Box 1 contains folders with some transcription of the letters in the collection and a folder with biographical information. Box 12 contains folders with an index and a folder of miscellaneous information about the collection.","Added existing collection MSS 12170 (3 folders) of Breckinridge, Gamble and Watts families into this addition of Watts family papers MSS 12170."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Watts family has been part of the Roanoke Valley (also called \"Big Lick\") in Virginia for six generations. General Edward Watts was born on 7 April 1779, in Prince Edward, Virginia. He was the son of William Watts (1742-1797), and Mary Scott (1758-1836). He married Elizabeth Breckinridge, the daughter of James Breckinridge on 6 May 1811 and they had 10 children, including William Watts (1817-1877), Mary Scott Gamble (1814-1840), Ann Selden Watts Holcombe (1820-1888), Alice Watts Robertson (1832-1914), Emma Gilmer Watts Carr (1834-1872) and Letitia Watts Sorrell (1829-1900). Edward Watts purchased 400 acres of land from his father-in-law, James Breckinridge (called The Barrens) where he built his home \"Oaklands\" in 1817. General Edward Watts died in 1859 at age 59. The Watts and Breckinridge families were well-known families in southwest Virginia who enslaved people during the American Revolution and the American Civil War. They were admired by their peers as influential attorneys, politicians, and land owners who often opened their house to the community.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGeneral Edward Watts was educated at Liberty Hall Academy (Washington \u0026amp; Lee), and Princeton. He was an officer in the War of 1812 and was the Commonwealth attorney for Roanoke County from 1839 to 1845. His son, William Watts (1817-1877) was a Colonel in the 28th Infantry of the Confederate Army (Roanoke Greys). He was educated in medicine and law at the University of Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter the war, he followed in his father's path as the Commonwealth attorney from 1845 to 1854. He was in the State Constitutional Convention (1850-1851), and was president of the Exchange Bank of Virginia. He also ran for governor in 1834 and 1842. He served in the legislature for one term in 1875. He married Mary Allen in 1850 and they had one living son, John Allen Watts (1855-1904). Mary Allen died following his birth in 1855. Colonel William Watts was also a farmer who enslaved over 100 people. He was said to have one enslaved person as his \"body servant\" through the war and gave him a home for life. Research of the collection has not yet provided his name.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJohn Allen Watts (1855-1904) nicknamed \"Squat\" was also a student at the University of Virginia and became an attorney. He married Gertrude Lee and they had a son named William. John Allen Watts sold Oaklands to a develpment company and it burned down in 1897. Descendants Jean Staples Showalter, English Showalter, and Katherine Watts donated this collection of their family's papers. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSources:\n\"Roanoke and Western Virginia: Glimpses of the Pst: Oaklands\" http://showalter.blogspot.com/2010/12/oaklands.html\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBarnes, Raymond. \"Confederates of Roanoke-V: General Edward Watts and Colonel William Watts Founded Clan\" Roanoke World News. 5 April 1961. The Historical Society of Western Virginia. O. Winston Link Museum. History Museum of Western Virginia\nhttps://hswv.pastperfectonline.com/archive/94647C8F-8806-4D18-8A04-445143233613#gallery\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nBarnes, Raymond. 'Oaklands' Was Hospitable Seat of Watts Family for Generations: Needed Big Staff\" Roanoke World News. 21 May 1958. The Historical Society of Western Virginia. O. Winston Link Museum. History Museum of Western Virginia\nhttps://hswv.pastperfectonline.com/archive/53DC8EB0-DBE3-4B95-B4AF-027946626463#gallery\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nWatts, Katherine. \"The Roanoke Valley and the Watts Family\" June 1984.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Watts family has been part of the Roanoke Valley (also called \"Big Lick\") in Virginia for six generations. General Edward Watts was born on 7 April 1779, in Prince Edward, Virginia. He was the son of William Watts (1742-1797), and Mary Scott (1758-1836). He married Elizabeth Breckinridge, the daughter of James Breckinridge on 6 May 1811 and they had 10 children, including William Watts (1817-1877), Mary Scott Gamble (1814-1840), Ann Selden Watts Holcombe (1820-1888), Alice Watts Robertson (1832-1914), Emma Gilmer Watts Carr (1834-1872) and Letitia Watts Sorrell (1829-1900). Edward Watts purchased 400 acres of land from his father-in-law, James Breckinridge (called The Barrens) where he built his home \"Oaklands\" in 1817. General Edward Watts died in 1859 at age 59. The Watts and Breckinridge families were well-known families in southwest Virginia who enslaved people during the American Revolution and the American Civil War. They were admired by their peers as influential attorneys, politicians, and land owners who often opened their house to the community.","General Edward Watts was educated at Liberty Hall Academy (Washington \u0026 Lee), and Princeton. He was an officer in the War of 1812 and was the Commonwealth attorney for Roanoke County from 1839 to 1845. His son, William Watts (1817-1877) was a Colonel in the 28th Infantry of the Confederate Army (Roanoke Greys). He was educated in medicine and law at the University of Virginia.","After the war, he followed in his father's path as the Commonwealth attorney from 1845 to 1854. He was in the State Constitutional Convention (1850-1851), and was president of the Exchange Bank of Virginia. He also ran for governor in 1834 and 1842. He served in the legislature for one term in 1875. He married Mary Allen in 1850 and they had one living son, John Allen Watts (1855-1904). Mary Allen died following his birth in 1855. Colonel William Watts was also a farmer who enslaved over 100 people. He was said to have one enslaved person as his \"body servant\" through the war and gave him a home for life. Research of the collection has not yet provided his name.","John Allen Watts (1855-1904) nicknamed \"Squat\" was also a student at the University of Virginia and became an attorney. He married Gertrude Lee and they had a son named William. John Allen Watts sold Oaklands to a develpment company and it burned down in 1897. Descendants Jean Staples Showalter, English Showalter, and Katherine Watts donated this collection of their family's papers.","Sources:\n\"Roanoke and Western Virginia: Glimpses of the Pst: Oaklands\" http://showalter.blogspot.com/2010/12/oaklands.html","Barnes, Raymond. \"Confederates of Roanoke-V: General Edward Watts and Colonel William Watts Founded Clan\" Roanoke World News. 5 April 1961. The Historical Society of Western Virginia. O. Winston Link Museum. History Museum of Western Virginia\nhttps://hswv.pastperfectonline.com/archive/94647C8F-8806-4D18-8A04-445143233613#gallery","Barnes, Raymond. 'Oaklands' Was Hospitable Seat of Watts Family for Generations: Needed Big Staff\" Roanoke World News. 21 May 1958. The Historical Society of Western Virginia. O. Winston Link Museum. History Museum of Western Virginia\nhttps://hswv.pastperfectonline.com/archive/53DC8EB0-DBE3-4B95-B4AF-027946626463#gallery","Watts, Katherine. \"The Roanoke Valley and the Watts Family\" June 1984."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 12170, Watts family papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 12170, Watts family papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere is a website at the O. Winston Link Museum (History Museum of West Virginia) that has many of the Watts family letters online \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ehttps://hswv.pastperfectonline.com/byperson?page=3\u0026amp;keyword=Watts%2C%20William\u0026amp;searchType=person\u0026amp;showsearch=True\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelated collections include MSS 4111-a,-b,-c,-d,-e,-f; MSS 8914, and MSS 653.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eMSS 38-33 Irvine, Saunders, Davis, and Watts families (William Watts daybooks 1768-1786); MSS 259; MSS 653; MSS 9715 Abram Penn Staples.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials","Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["There is a website at the O. Winston Link Museum (History Museum of West Virginia) that has many of the Watts family letters online","https://hswv.pastperfectonline.com/byperson?page=3\u0026keyword=Watts%2C%20William\u0026searchType=person\u0026showsearch=True","Related collections include MSS 4111-a,-b,-c,-d,-e,-f; MSS 8914, and MSS 653.","MSS 38-33 Irvine, Saunders, Davis, and Watts families (William Watts daybooks 1768-1786); MSS 259; MSS 653; MSS 9715 Abram Penn Staples."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Watts family papers of Roanoke County, Virginia at \"Oaklands\" in Flat Creek, Campbell County) consist of correspondence and documents related to the American Revolution, the War of 1812, the United States Civil War, war with Osceola and Seminole tribes in Florida, Virginia politics, economic and social history (including enslavement),land ownership, farming, court cases and debt from 1786 to 1950 in southwest Virginia. The Watts are related to many other Virginia families including James and Dolley Madison. This collection represents a great view into historical and social events of the eighteenth and nineteenth century in Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe papers of this family of landowners, farmers, politicians, and attorneys portray the rich southern antebellum life on the Oaklands plantation. Despite the told and true characteristics of the kindness of the Watts family, they were nineteenth century southern plantation owners who owned hundreds of enslaved persons. The letters and receipts in the collection include many first names and some last names. One enslaved person, Henry Langhorne, a lifetime attendant of Colonel William Watts was bequeathed $1,000 and a home for life. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSome letters mention the Watt's efforts to keep enslaved families from being separated by intervening in the sales of enslaved persons. There are many references to enslaved people among their households and farm, including descriptions of providing their clothing, housing, and nurturing them when they were sick, like family members. It is important to note that the collection also contains receipts for their purchase and loan. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe issue of enslavement is discussed in local meetings that Watts attended. There are also letters from former enslaved persons such as [Malinda] Langhorne and William Langhorne to Watts family members and photographs of enslaved persons, Aunt Sally and Aunt Phoebe standing together, and a photograph of Uncle Lou with the Watts children. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is also correspondence about financial and legal matters as Colonel William Watts (1817-1877) and his father, General Edward Watts (1779-1859), were attorneys. Much of their correspondence relates to collecting debts, indentures, land surveys, receipts, and politics (Whig party, Commonwealth Attorney, Constitutional Convention, Virginia Delegates, and candidacy for Governor), and religion. The papers contain discussions about the popular faith of Presbyterians and Episcopalians). The University of Virginia, Washington \u0026amp; Lee, and William \u0026amp; Mary College are also mentioned.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection spans six generations of the Watts family including General Edward Watts and his wife Elizabeth Breckinridge (1794-1862), their son Colonel William Watts (1817-1877) and his wife Mary Jane Allen (1825-1855). Also included is their son, John Allen Watts and his wife Gertrude Lee. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOther related families include Madison, Breckenridge, Allen, Jackson, Watson, Morris, Gamble, Payne, Washington, Meigs, and Saunders. (MSS 653) Other related collections include MSS 4111-a,-b,-c,-d,-e,-f; MSS 38-33 Irvine, Saunders, Davis, and Watts families (William Watts daybooks 1768-1786); MSS 259; MSS 9715 Abram Penn Staples..(see related materials note)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe papers of Mary Scott Watts Gamble have been combined into this collection. These letters contain her accounts of attacks by Osceola and Seminole people in Florida. She mentions that Robert [Watts?] and Robert Gamble joined the local militia to remove the Seminoles from the swamps and send them out West. (1835) \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Watts family papers of Roanoke County, Virginia at \"Oaklands\" in Flat Creek, Campbell County) consist of correspondence and documents related to the American Revolution, the War of 1812, the United States Civil War, war with Osceola and Seminole tribes in Florida, Virginia politics, economic and social history (including enslavement),land ownership, farming, court cases and debt from 1786 to 1950 in southwest Virginia. The Watts are related to many other Virginia families including James and Dolley Madison. This collection represents a great view into historical and social events of the eighteenth and nineteenth century in Virginia.","The papers of this family of landowners, farmers, politicians, and attorneys portray the rich southern antebellum life on the Oaklands plantation. Despite the told and true characteristics of the kindness of the Watts family, they were nineteenth century southern plantation owners who owned hundreds of enslaved persons. The letters and receipts in the collection include many first names and some last names. One enslaved person, Henry Langhorne, a lifetime attendant of Colonel William Watts was bequeathed $1,000 and a home for life.","Some letters mention the Watt's efforts to keep enslaved families from being separated by intervening in the sales of enslaved persons. There are many references to enslaved people among their households and farm, including descriptions of providing their clothing, housing, and nurturing them when they were sick, like family members. It is important to note that the collection also contains receipts for their purchase and loan.","The issue of enslavement is discussed in local meetings that Watts attended. There are also letters from former enslaved persons such as [Malinda] Langhorne and William Langhorne to Watts family members and photographs of enslaved persons, Aunt Sally and Aunt Phoebe standing together, and a photograph of Uncle Lou with the Watts children.","There is also correspondence about financial and legal matters as Colonel William Watts (1817-1877) and his father, General Edward Watts (1779-1859), were attorneys. Much of their correspondence relates to collecting debts, indentures, land surveys, receipts, and politics (Whig party, Commonwealth Attorney, Constitutional Convention, Virginia Delegates, and candidacy for Governor), and religion. The papers contain discussions about the popular faith of Presbyterians and Episcopalians). The University of Virginia, Washington \u0026 Lee, and William \u0026 Mary College are also mentioned.","The collection spans six generations of the Watts family including General Edward Watts and his wife Elizabeth Breckinridge (1794-1862), their son Colonel William Watts (1817-1877) and his wife Mary Jane Allen (1825-1855). Also included is their son, John Allen Watts and his wife Gertrude Lee.","Other related families include Madison, Breckenridge, Allen, Jackson, Watson, Morris, Gamble, Payne, Washington, Meigs, and Saunders. (MSS 653) Other related collections include MSS 4111-a,-b,-c,-d,-e,-f; MSS 38-33 Irvine, Saunders, Davis, and Watts families (William Watts daybooks 1768-1786); MSS 259; MSS 9715 Abram Penn Staples..(see related materials note)","The papers of Mary Scott Watts Gamble have been combined into this collection. These letters contain her accounts of attacks by Osceola and Seminole people in Florida. She mentions that Robert [Watts?] and Robert Gamble joined the local militia to remove the Seminoles from the swamps and send them out West. (1835)"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":281,"online_item_count_is":1,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:53:38.700Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1396"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1913","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"William and Lucinda Hogan Letters, 1862/1910","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1913#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Hogan, William, 1828-1864","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1913#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection primarily contains Civil War-era letters from William Hogan to his wife, Lucinda, from 1862 to 1864. In addition to the letters, there is a single, undated, photograph of three family members, Lucinda James and Mollie Hogan. Letters between William and Lucinda discuss Confederate camp life, operations on the Hogan family's farm in McDowell County, North Carolina, William's participation in the Battles of Antietam and Fredericksburg, observations of Virginia and North Carolina, and the couple's children. Several letters were written from Chimborazo Hospital in Richmond, where William recovered after being injured in battle. Most of the letters in the collection are addressed to Lucinda from William, often prefaced with \"Dear Wife\" and sometimes \"Dear Wife and children.\" Letters from William are written in multiple hands, suggesting he often dictated his letters to other soldiers in camp. Letters from Lucinda are prefaced with \"Dear Husband\" and are placed marked with McDowell County. William's letters often express his discontentment with the war, his hatred of \"the yankes,\" and his longing to be back home with his family in McDowell.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1913#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1913","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1913","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1913","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1913","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1913.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/241292","title_filing_ssi":"Hogan, William and Lucinda Letters","title_ssm":["William and Lucinda Hogan Letters"],"title_tesim":["William and Lucinda Hogan Letters"],"unitdate_ssm":["c. 1862-1910"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["c. 1862-1910"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1862/1910"],"normalized_title_ssm":["William and Lucinda Hogan Letters, 1862/1910"],"text":["William and Lucinda Hogan Letters, 1862/1910","MSS.16960","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1913","United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives, Confederate","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Correspondence","Good.","This collection has been minimally processed and is open for research.","William Hogan (1829-c. 1864) enlisted as a private in Company A, 49th North Carolina Infantry Regiment on February 28th, 1862. He fought in the Battle of Antietam in September 1862 and the Battle of Fredericksburg in December 1862, where he was injured. William recovered at Chimborazo Hospital in Richmond, the Confederacy's flagship field hospital. Hogan apparently deserted the 49th Infantry Regiment around May 16th, 1864, to return to McDowell County for the birth of his child. A soldier roster for those present at the Siege of Petersburg indicates that a William Hogan of Boxesford, North Carolina died on July 22, 1864, perhaps assumed due to his prolonged absence from his company. Presumed dead or missing, William returned to his company at Petersburg on August 29th, 1864. He was then arrested, tried, and convicted of desertion. William was sentenced to death by firing squad. It is unclear whether the sentence was carried out, but William never returned to McDowell County. In a March 24th, 1862 letter to her brother, William's wife, Lucinda, wrote \"My husband was kill[ed] in the war. He was shot coming home.\" The couple has five children together: John, Sarah, Jane, James, and Nancy. Lucinda lived in McDowell County until her death in 1911.","References","National Park Service. \"Civil War Soldiers and Sailors Database: Soldier Detail.\" Accessed May 4, 2026. https://www.nps.gov/civilwar/search-soldiers-detail.htm?soldierId=897F1BA9-DC7A-DF11-BF36-B8AC6F5D926A","City of Petersburg, Virginia. \"Civil War Soldiers.\" Petersburg, VA: City of Petersburg. Accessed May 4, 2026. https://petersburgva.gov/DocumentCenter/View/955/Civil-War-Soldiers","FamilySearch. \"Jane Lucinda Hogan (1855–1930).\" FamilySearch Family Tree, Person ID LKCB-9ZY. Accessed May 4, 2026. https://ancestors.familysearch.org/en/LKCB-9ZY/jane-lucinda-hogan-1855-1930","This collection primarily contains Civil War-era letters from William Hogan to his wife, Lucinda, from 1862 to 1864. In addition to the letters, there is a single, undated, photograph of three family members, Lucinda James and Mollie Hogan. Letters between William and Lucinda discuss Confederate camp life, operations on the Hogan family's farm in McDowell County, North Carolina, William's participation in the Battles of Antietam and Fredericksburg, observations of Virginia and North Carolina, and the couple's children. Several letters were written from Chimborazo Hospital in Richmond, where William recovered after being injured in battle. Most of the letters in the collection are addressed to Lucinda from William, often prefaced with \"Dear Wife\" and sometimes \"Dear Wife and children.\" Letters from William are written in multiple hands, suggesting he often dictated his letters to other soldiers in camp. Letters from Lucinda are prefaced with \"Dear Husband\" and are placed marked with McDowell County. William's letters often express his discontentment with the war, his hatred of \"the yankes,\" and his longing to be back home with his family in McDowell.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Hogan, William, 1828-1864","Hogan, Lucinda, 1830-1911","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["William and Lucinda Hogan Letters, 1862/1910"],"collection_ssim":["William and Lucinda Hogan Letters, 1862/1910"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.16960","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1913"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.16960","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1913"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives, Confederate","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Correspondence"],"geogname_ssim":["United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives, Confederate","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Correspondence"],"places_ssim":["United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives, Confederate","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Correspondence"],"creator_ssm":["Hogan, William, 1828-1864","Hogan, Lucinda, 1830-1911"],"creator_ssim":["Hogan, William, 1828-1864","Hogan, Lucinda, 1830-1911"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Hogan, William, 1828-1864","Hogan, Lucinda, 1830-1911"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creators_ssim":["Hogan, William, 1828-1864","Hogan, Lucinda, 1830-1911","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a gift from Marc and Linda Hogan to the Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia on 17 March 2026."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Good."],"extent_ssm":["0.2 Cubic Feet One letter-size file box, half-width"],"extent_tesim":["0.2 Cubic Feet One letter-size file box, half-width"],"date_range_isim":[1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection has been minimally processed and is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection has been minimally processed and is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWilliam Hogan (1829-c. 1864) enlisted as a private in Company A, 49th North Carolina Infantry Regiment on February 28th, 1862. He fought in the Battle of Antietam in September 1862 and the Battle of Fredericksburg in December 1862, where he was injured. William recovered at Chimborazo Hospital in Richmond, the Confederacy's flagship field hospital. Hogan apparently deserted the 49th Infantry Regiment around May 16th, 1864, to return to McDowell County for the birth of his child. A soldier roster for those present at the Siege of Petersburg indicates that a William Hogan of Boxesford, North Carolina died on July 22, 1864, perhaps assumed due to his prolonged absence from his company. Presumed dead or missing, William returned to his company at Petersburg on August 29th, 1864. He was then arrested, tried, and convicted of desertion. William was sentenced to death by firing squad. It is unclear whether the sentence was carried out, but William never returned to McDowell County. In a March 24th, 1862 letter to her brother, William's wife, Lucinda, wrote \"My husband was kill[ed] in the war. He was shot coming home.\" The couple has five children together: John, Sarah, Jane, James, and Nancy. Lucinda lived in McDowell County until her death in 1911.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReferences \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNational Park Service. \"Civil War Soldiers and Sailors Database: Soldier Detail.\" Accessed May 4, 2026. https://www.nps.gov/civilwar/search-soldiers-detail.htm?soldierId=897F1BA9-DC7A-DF11-BF36-B8AC6F5D926A \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCity of Petersburg, Virginia. \"Civil War Soldiers.\" Petersburg, VA: City of Petersburg. Accessed May 4, 2026. https://petersburgva.gov/DocumentCenter/View/955/Civil-War-Soldiers \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFamilySearch. \"Jane Lucinda Hogan (1855–1930).\" FamilySearch Family Tree, Person ID LKCB-9ZY. Accessed May 4, 2026. https://ancestors.familysearch.org/en/LKCB-9ZY/jane-lucinda-hogan-1855-1930 \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["William Hogan (1829-c. 1864) enlisted as a private in Company A, 49th North Carolina Infantry Regiment on February 28th, 1862. He fought in the Battle of Antietam in September 1862 and the Battle of Fredericksburg in December 1862, where he was injured. William recovered at Chimborazo Hospital in Richmond, the Confederacy's flagship field hospital. Hogan apparently deserted the 49th Infantry Regiment around May 16th, 1864, to return to McDowell County for the birth of his child. A soldier roster for those present at the Siege of Petersburg indicates that a William Hogan of Boxesford, North Carolina died on July 22, 1864, perhaps assumed due to his prolonged absence from his company. Presumed dead or missing, William returned to his company at Petersburg on August 29th, 1864. He was then arrested, tried, and convicted of desertion. William was sentenced to death by firing squad. It is unclear whether the sentence was carried out, but William never returned to McDowell County. In a March 24th, 1862 letter to her brother, William's wife, Lucinda, wrote \"My husband was kill[ed] in the war. He was shot coming home.\" The couple has five children together: John, Sarah, Jane, James, and Nancy. Lucinda lived in McDowell County until her death in 1911.","References","National Park Service. \"Civil War Soldiers and Sailors Database: Soldier Detail.\" Accessed May 4, 2026. https://www.nps.gov/civilwar/search-soldiers-detail.htm?soldierId=897F1BA9-DC7A-DF11-BF36-B8AC6F5D926A","City of Petersburg, Virginia. \"Civil War Soldiers.\" Petersburg, VA: City of Petersburg. Accessed May 4, 2026. https://petersburgva.gov/DocumentCenter/View/955/Civil-War-Soldiers","FamilySearch. \"Jane Lucinda Hogan (1855–1930).\" FamilySearch Family Tree, Person ID LKCB-9ZY. Accessed May 4, 2026. https://ancestors.familysearch.org/en/LKCB-9ZY/jane-lucinda-hogan-1855-1930"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16960, William and Lucinda Hogan Letters, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16960, William and Lucinda Hogan Letters, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection primarily contains Civil War-era letters from William Hogan to his wife, Lucinda, from 1862 to 1864. In addition to the letters, there is a single, undated, photograph of three family members, Lucinda James and Mollie Hogan. Letters between William and Lucinda discuss Confederate camp life, operations on the Hogan family's farm in McDowell County, North Carolina, William's participation in the Battles of Antietam and Fredericksburg, observations of Virginia and North Carolina, and the couple's children. Several letters were written from Chimborazo Hospital in Richmond, where William recovered after being injured in battle. Most of the letters in the collection are addressed to Lucinda from William, often prefaced with \"Dear Wife\" and sometimes \"Dear Wife and children.\" Letters from William are written in multiple hands, suggesting he often dictated his letters to other soldiers in camp. Letters from Lucinda are prefaced with \"Dear Husband\" and are placed marked with McDowell County. William's letters often express his discontentment with the war, his hatred of \"the yankes,\" and his longing to be back home with his family in McDowell.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection primarily contains Civil War-era letters from William Hogan to his wife, Lucinda, from 1862 to 1864. In addition to the letters, there is a single, undated, photograph of three family members, Lucinda James and Mollie Hogan. Letters between William and Lucinda discuss Confederate camp life, operations on the Hogan family's farm in McDowell County, North Carolina, William's participation in the Battles of Antietam and Fredericksburg, observations of Virginia and North Carolina, and the couple's children. Several letters were written from Chimborazo Hospital in Richmond, where William recovered after being injured in battle. Most of the letters in the collection are addressed to Lucinda from William, often prefaced with \"Dear Wife\" and sometimes \"Dear Wife and children.\" Letters from William are written in multiple hands, suggesting he often dictated his letters to other soldiers in camp. Letters from Lucinda are prefaced with \"Dear Husband\" and are placed marked with McDowell County. William's letters often express his discontentment with the war, his hatred of \"the yankes,\" and his longing to be back home with his family in McDowell."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"persname_ssim":["Hogan, William, 1828-1864","Hogan, Lucinda, 1830-1911"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Hogan, William, 1828-1864","Hogan, Lucinda, 1830-1911"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":3,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:53:58.310Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1913","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1913","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1913","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1913","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1913.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/241292","title_filing_ssi":"Hogan, William and Lucinda Letters","title_ssm":["William and Lucinda Hogan Letters"],"title_tesim":["William and Lucinda Hogan Letters"],"unitdate_ssm":["c. 1862-1910"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["c. 1862-1910"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1862/1910"],"normalized_title_ssm":["William and Lucinda Hogan Letters, 1862/1910"],"text":["William and Lucinda Hogan Letters, 1862/1910","MSS.16960","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1913","United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives, Confederate","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Correspondence","Good.","This collection has been minimally processed and is open for research.","William Hogan (1829-c. 1864) enlisted as a private in Company A, 49th North Carolina Infantry Regiment on February 28th, 1862. He fought in the Battle of Antietam in September 1862 and the Battle of Fredericksburg in December 1862, where he was injured. William recovered at Chimborazo Hospital in Richmond, the Confederacy's flagship field hospital. Hogan apparently deserted the 49th Infantry Regiment around May 16th, 1864, to return to McDowell County for the birth of his child. A soldier roster for those present at the Siege of Petersburg indicates that a William Hogan of Boxesford, North Carolina died on July 22, 1864, perhaps assumed due to his prolonged absence from his company. Presumed dead or missing, William returned to his company at Petersburg on August 29th, 1864. He was then arrested, tried, and convicted of desertion. William was sentenced to death by firing squad. It is unclear whether the sentence was carried out, but William never returned to McDowell County. In a March 24th, 1862 letter to her brother, William's wife, Lucinda, wrote \"My husband was kill[ed] in the war. He was shot coming home.\" The couple has five children together: John, Sarah, Jane, James, and Nancy. Lucinda lived in McDowell County until her death in 1911.","References","National Park Service. \"Civil War Soldiers and Sailors Database: Soldier Detail.\" Accessed May 4, 2026. https://www.nps.gov/civilwar/search-soldiers-detail.htm?soldierId=897F1BA9-DC7A-DF11-BF36-B8AC6F5D926A","City of Petersburg, Virginia. \"Civil War Soldiers.\" Petersburg, VA: City of Petersburg. Accessed May 4, 2026. https://petersburgva.gov/DocumentCenter/View/955/Civil-War-Soldiers","FamilySearch. \"Jane Lucinda Hogan (1855–1930).\" FamilySearch Family Tree, Person ID LKCB-9ZY. Accessed May 4, 2026. https://ancestors.familysearch.org/en/LKCB-9ZY/jane-lucinda-hogan-1855-1930","This collection primarily contains Civil War-era letters from William Hogan to his wife, Lucinda, from 1862 to 1864. In addition to the letters, there is a single, undated, photograph of three family members, Lucinda James and Mollie Hogan. Letters between William and Lucinda discuss Confederate camp life, operations on the Hogan family's farm in McDowell County, North Carolina, William's participation in the Battles of Antietam and Fredericksburg, observations of Virginia and North Carolina, and the couple's children. Several letters were written from Chimborazo Hospital in Richmond, where William recovered after being injured in battle. Most of the letters in the collection are addressed to Lucinda from William, often prefaced with \"Dear Wife\" and sometimes \"Dear Wife and children.\" Letters from William are written in multiple hands, suggesting he often dictated his letters to other soldiers in camp. Letters from Lucinda are prefaced with \"Dear Husband\" and are placed marked with McDowell County. William's letters often express his discontentment with the war, his hatred of \"the yankes,\" and his longing to be back home with his family in McDowell.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Hogan, William, 1828-1864","Hogan, Lucinda, 1830-1911","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["William and Lucinda Hogan Letters, 1862/1910"],"collection_ssim":["William and Lucinda Hogan Letters, 1862/1910"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.16960","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1913"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.16960","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1913"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives, Confederate","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Correspondence"],"geogname_ssim":["United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives, Confederate","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Correspondence"],"places_ssim":["United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives, Confederate","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Correspondence"],"creator_ssm":["Hogan, William, 1828-1864","Hogan, Lucinda, 1830-1911"],"creator_ssim":["Hogan, William, 1828-1864","Hogan, Lucinda, 1830-1911"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Hogan, William, 1828-1864","Hogan, Lucinda, 1830-1911"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creators_ssim":["Hogan, William, 1828-1864","Hogan, Lucinda, 1830-1911","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a gift from Marc and Linda Hogan to the Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia on 17 March 2026."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Good."],"extent_ssm":["0.2 Cubic Feet One letter-size file box, half-width"],"extent_tesim":["0.2 Cubic Feet One letter-size file box, half-width"],"date_range_isim":[1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection has been minimally processed and is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection has been minimally processed and is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWilliam Hogan (1829-c. 1864) enlisted as a private in Company A, 49th North Carolina Infantry Regiment on February 28th, 1862. He fought in the Battle of Antietam in September 1862 and the Battle of Fredericksburg in December 1862, where he was injured. William recovered at Chimborazo Hospital in Richmond, the Confederacy's flagship field hospital. Hogan apparently deserted the 49th Infantry Regiment around May 16th, 1864, to return to McDowell County for the birth of his child. A soldier roster for those present at the Siege of Petersburg indicates that a William Hogan of Boxesford, North Carolina died on July 22, 1864, perhaps assumed due to his prolonged absence from his company. Presumed dead or missing, William returned to his company at Petersburg on August 29th, 1864. He was then arrested, tried, and convicted of desertion. William was sentenced to death by firing squad. It is unclear whether the sentence was carried out, but William never returned to McDowell County. In a March 24th, 1862 letter to her brother, William's wife, Lucinda, wrote \"My husband was kill[ed] in the war. He was shot coming home.\" The couple has five children together: John, Sarah, Jane, James, and Nancy. Lucinda lived in McDowell County until her death in 1911.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReferences \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNational Park Service. \"Civil War Soldiers and Sailors Database: Soldier Detail.\" Accessed May 4, 2026. https://www.nps.gov/civilwar/search-soldiers-detail.htm?soldierId=897F1BA9-DC7A-DF11-BF36-B8AC6F5D926A \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCity of Petersburg, Virginia. \"Civil War Soldiers.\" Petersburg, VA: City of Petersburg. Accessed May 4, 2026. https://petersburgva.gov/DocumentCenter/View/955/Civil-War-Soldiers \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFamilySearch. \"Jane Lucinda Hogan (1855–1930).\" FamilySearch Family Tree, Person ID LKCB-9ZY. Accessed May 4, 2026. https://ancestors.familysearch.org/en/LKCB-9ZY/jane-lucinda-hogan-1855-1930 \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["William Hogan (1829-c. 1864) enlisted as a private in Company A, 49th North Carolina Infantry Regiment on February 28th, 1862. He fought in the Battle of Antietam in September 1862 and the Battle of Fredericksburg in December 1862, where he was injured. William recovered at Chimborazo Hospital in Richmond, the Confederacy's flagship field hospital. Hogan apparently deserted the 49th Infantry Regiment around May 16th, 1864, to return to McDowell County for the birth of his child. A soldier roster for those present at the Siege of Petersburg indicates that a William Hogan of Boxesford, North Carolina died on July 22, 1864, perhaps assumed due to his prolonged absence from his company. Presumed dead or missing, William returned to his company at Petersburg on August 29th, 1864. He was then arrested, tried, and convicted of desertion. William was sentenced to death by firing squad. It is unclear whether the sentence was carried out, but William never returned to McDowell County. In a March 24th, 1862 letter to her brother, William's wife, Lucinda, wrote \"My husband was kill[ed] in the war. He was shot coming home.\" The couple has five children together: John, Sarah, Jane, James, and Nancy. Lucinda lived in McDowell County until her death in 1911.","References","National Park Service. \"Civil War Soldiers and Sailors Database: Soldier Detail.\" Accessed May 4, 2026. https://www.nps.gov/civilwar/search-soldiers-detail.htm?soldierId=897F1BA9-DC7A-DF11-BF36-B8AC6F5D926A","City of Petersburg, Virginia. \"Civil War Soldiers.\" Petersburg, VA: City of Petersburg. Accessed May 4, 2026. https://petersburgva.gov/DocumentCenter/View/955/Civil-War-Soldiers","FamilySearch. \"Jane Lucinda Hogan (1855–1930).\" FamilySearch Family Tree, Person ID LKCB-9ZY. Accessed May 4, 2026. https://ancestors.familysearch.org/en/LKCB-9ZY/jane-lucinda-hogan-1855-1930"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16960, William and Lucinda Hogan Letters, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16960, William and Lucinda Hogan Letters, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection primarily contains Civil War-era letters from William Hogan to his wife, Lucinda, from 1862 to 1864. In addition to the letters, there is a single, undated, photograph of three family members, Lucinda James and Mollie Hogan. Letters between William and Lucinda discuss Confederate camp life, operations on the Hogan family's farm in McDowell County, North Carolina, William's participation in the Battles of Antietam and Fredericksburg, observations of Virginia and North Carolina, and the couple's children. Several letters were written from Chimborazo Hospital in Richmond, where William recovered after being injured in battle. Most of the letters in the collection are addressed to Lucinda from William, often prefaced with \"Dear Wife\" and sometimes \"Dear Wife and children.\" Letters from William are written in multiple hands, suggesting he often dictated his letters to other soldiers in camp. Letters from Lucinda are prefaced with \"Dear Husband\" and are placed marked with McDowell County. William's letters often express his discontentment with the war, his hatred of \"the yankes,\" and his longing to be back home with his family in McDowell.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection primarily contains Civil War-era letters from William Hogan to his wife, Lucinda, from 1862 to 1864. In addition to the letters, there is a single, undated, photograph of three family members, Lucinda James and Mollie Hogan. Letters between William and Lucinda discuss Confederate camp life, operations on the Hogan family's farm in McDowell County, North Carolina, William's participation in the Battles of Antietam and Fredericksburg, observations of Virginia and North Carolina, and the couple's children. Several letters were written from Chimborazo Hospital in Richmond, where William recovered after being injured in battle. Most of the letters in the collection are addressed to Lucinda from William, often prefaced with \"Dear Wife\" and sometimes \"Dear Wife and children.\" Letters from William are written in multiple hands, suggesting he often dictated his letters to other soldiers in camp. Letters from Lucinda are prefaced with \"Dear Husband\" and are placed marked with McDowell County. William's letters often express his discontentment with the war, his hatred of \"the yankes,\" and his longing to be back home with his family in McDowell."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"persname_ssim":["Hogan, William, 1828-1864","Hogan, Lucinda, 1830-1911"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Hogan, William, 1828-1864","Hogan, Lucinda, 1830-1911"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":3,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:53:58.310Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1913"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept.","value":"University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept.","hits":7},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1893\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=United+States+--++History++--+Civil+War%2C+1861-1865\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1893\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=United+States+--++History++--+Civil+War%2C+1861-1865"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Bennett Taylor papers--addition, 1851/1894","value":"Bennett Taylor papers--addition, 1851/1894","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Bennett+Taylor+papers--addition%2C+1851%2F1894\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1893\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=United+States+--++History++--+Civil+War%2C+1861-1865"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Ellen Strong Bartlett letters, 1864/1897","value":"Ellen Strong Bartlett letters, 1864/1897","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Ellen+Strong+Bartlett+letters%2C+1864%2F1897\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1893\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=United+States+--++History++--+Civil+War%2C+1861-1865"}},{"attributes":{"label":"George Julian Pratt papers--addition 3 Civil War military order, 1865/1894","value":"George Julian Pratt papers--addition 3 Civil War military order, 1865/1894","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=George+Julian+Pratt+papers--addition+3+Civil+War+military+order%2C+1865%2F1894\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1893\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=United+States+--++History++--+Civil+War%2C+1861-1865"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Joel Gardner collections of war memorabilia and materials related to the University of Virginia, 1848/1970","value":"Joel Gardner collections of war memorabilia and materials related to the University of Virginia, 1848/1970","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Joel+Gardner+collections+of+war+memorabilia+and+materials+related+to+the+University+of+Virginia%2C+1848%2F1970\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1893\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=United+States+--++History++--+Civil+War%2C+1861-1865"}},{"attributes":{"label":"John L. 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