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"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T01:39:57.959Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4712"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1222","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers family papers","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1222#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe papers of Anna Maria (Campbell Hickman) Otis Mead Chalmers (1809-1891) and her family offer a deep look into a 19th century American family with a sharp focus on enslaved and formerly enslaved persons. The collection documents the life of a young, widowed woman, Anna Maria Mead Chalmers, who was the granddaughter of General William Hull (1753-1825). She was a mother of four children and became a businesswoman in Richmond, Virginia. She was a writer, an editor of the Southern Churchmen, an educator and founder of Mrs. Mead's School for Young Ladies, and a director of The Southern Churchmen Cot (\"Retreat for the Sick\"), a hospital for children. Anna Maria's family enslaved people who are represented in the papers including Othello \"Tillo\" Freeman (1790's-1860's?). It includes a letter from William written in [1875], who was their carriage driver, and letters about Sam the fiddler, who settled on the farm after escaping harsher enslavement in Louisianna, and Jordan who was described as being hired out in a letter dated September 8, 1841 from Thomas R. Blair.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1222#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1222","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1222","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1222","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1222","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1222.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/136685","title_filing_ssi":"Chalmers, Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead papers","title_ssm":["Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers family papers"],"title_tesim":["Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers family papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1821-1897"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1821-1897"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 4966","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource 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Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1222","Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers family papers","United States History Revolution, 1775-1783 Personal narratives","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives","women--education -- Virginia","Enslavers","United States -- History -- War of 1812","University of Virginia -- History","Enslaved laborers","enslaved persons","University of Virginia -- Faculty","letters (correspondence)","human hair","University of Virginia--Students--Correspondence","Fair to good.","The collection is open for research use.","The collection is arranged into fifteen series: 1.William and Sarah Hull papers, 2.Otis Mead Chalmers family correspondence, 3.Anna Maria Mead Chalmers correspondence, 4.Clarke family correspondence, 5. Anna Maria Mead Chalmers business papers, 6. Enslavery, 7. United States Civil War, 8. Financial papers, 9.Diaries and daybooks, 10. Genealogy, 11. Hair collection, 12. Miscellaneous first telegraph of morse code, 13.Photographs 14. Printed items  15.Poetry \u0026 writings","Under Series 1. William and Sarah Hull papers includes letters about  filing a claim in support of General Hull. Information about the claim can also be found throughout the family correspondence in the collection.","There are letters from the family and others about General Hull's claim throughout the correspondence in the collection.","Othello Tillo Freeman (1) was enslaved by General William Hull before or at the turn of the nineteenth century. He moved with Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hickman (1787-1847), daughter of General William Hull, from Newton, Massachusetts to Richmond, Virginia in 1838 and continued to be enslaved by the Mead Chalmers family until his death, which may have been in the 1860's. Sam had escaped from an enslaver in Louisiana and worked on the Hull farm for the last thirty years of his life [1800's to 1830's]. Jordan is described as hired out in a letter from Thomas R. Blair dated September 8, 1841. ","Anna Maria Chalmers was the granddaughter of General William Hull (1753-1825) who recollects the memories of Tillo and Sam on her grandparents farm. She was a mother of four children and became a businesswoman in Richmond, Virginia. She was a writer, an editor of the  Southern Churchmen , an educator and founder of Mrs. Mead's School for Young Ladies, and a director of The Southern Churchmen Cot (\"Retreat for the Sick\") a hospital for children. She wrote articles for the  Boston Home Journal , the  New York Tribune , and the  Southern Literary Messenger","Her mother was Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hull Hickman and her father was Harris H. Hickman who served as a captain in the War of 1812 and the United States Navy, and died in 1824 in St. Thomas, South America. Her grandparents General William and Sarah Fuller Hull helped raise her in Newton, Massachusetts. She attended William B. Fowle's school in Boston (2) and after her father and grandparents died, she lived with her Uncle Edward and Aunt Maria Campbell, who ran a school in Marietta, Georgia. Her sister Louisa \"Louly\" Hickman Smith was a published poet who died as a young mother aged 21, in 1832 leaving a husband, Samuel Jenks Smith and their two children. ","Anna Maria Mead Chalmers survived three husbands, George Alexander Otis (1803-1831), Zachariah Mead (1800-1840), and David Chalmers (1779?-1875?), and had three sons, living during the American Civil War, George Alexander Otis, Jr. (1830-1881) who was a field surgeon in the Massachusetts 27th volunteers and assistant surgeon general of the army,  William Zachariah Mead, (1838-1864) who fought at Murfreesboro and died fighting for the Tennessee Army in the Confederacy in the Battle of Resaca, Georgia, and Edward C. Mead (1837-1908) who traveled to Australia in search of financial independence with a stint in gold digging, and settled on a farm in Keswick, Virginia.","Anna Maria's first husband, George Otis was a young lawyer who died from consumption one year after their marriage in 1831. Their first and only son was Dr. George Alexander Otis. Zachariah Mead, her second husband was a reverend at the Grace Episcopal Church in Cismont, Virginia, an assistant clergyman at Monumental, Saint James's, and Saint John's Episcopal Churches in Richmond and the editor of the  Southern Churchmen  also in Richmond, Virginia. They had two sons Edward, and William, and a daughter Louisa who died as a child. She married a third time in 1856 to David Chalmers who was a plantation owner in News Ferry, (Halifax) Virginia. He enslaved people, and educated African Americans at his school. The collection does not mention the school by name and no further details were found in the papers.","In 1881, after her son Dr. George Otis died, Mrs. Chalmers moved in with her son Edward Mead on his farm in Keswick. They were close friends with many prominent Charlottesville families including Peter and Frances (\"Fannie\") Meriwether, Frances Poindexter, Rector, and Mrs. Ebenezer Boyd, William Cabell Rives, Franklin Minor, Thomas Walker Gilmer and Elizabeth Anderson Gilmer, and Dr. Mann Page. William Mead attended the University of Virginia and met with many of the University of Virginia's earliest professors including Basil L. Gildersleeve, Gessner Harrison, Socrates Maupin, John Minor, Schele De Vere, James L. Cabell, Frederick George Holmes, and Alfred T. Bledsoe.","Her grandfather, General William Hull was born in Derby, Connecticut in 1753 and moved to Detroit Michigan when his government work which involved the taking of land from indigenous persons led him to become the Governor of the Territory of Michigan and the commander of the Army of the Northwest Territory during the War of 1812. He was appointed by Thomas Jefferson and was a friend of General Lafayette. After being unsuccessful in fighting off the Canadians, (however claiming that the government did not give him the resources to defend Michigan) he was court-martialed by James Madison who later commuted his sentence. (3) He died in 1825 in Newton, Massachusetts. He was married to Sarah Fuller Hull. Their children were Nancy Ann Binney Hickman, Sarah McKesson (1783-1810), Maria Campbell (1788-1845) Abraham Fuller Hull (1786-1814), Rebecca Parker Clarke (1790-1865), Caroline Hull (1793-1824), Julia Knox Wheeler (1799-1842), Eliza McClellan (1784-1864), and Cornelia Page.","Sources:","1. Hurd, D. Hamilton. \"History of Middlesex County Massachusetts with Biographical Sketches of Many of Its Pioneers and Prominent Men\" Volume III. Philadelphia:J. W. Lewis and Company. 1890.\nhttps://books.google.com/books?id=mZU6AQAAIAAJ\u0026pg=PA33\u0026lpg=PA33\u0026dq=othello+%22tillo%22+freeman\u0026source=bl\u0026ots=4_Drct_uRZ\u0026sig=ACfU3U21FUtYLt8aQ7PklsGdRfOnEJ09RQ\u0026hl=en\u0026sa=X\u0026ved=2ahUKEwjRqtK1sYr5AhV0EFkFHRYkAg0Q6AF6BAgdEAM#v=onepage\u0026q=othello%20%22tillo%22%20freeman\u0026f=false","\n2.\tDuval, Maria Pendleton. \"The Lengthened Shadow of a Woman\" Richmond Times Dispatch. August 10, 1913 (Description of Anna Maria Mead Chalmers education in William B. Fowle's school as being the best in Boston and Mrs Chalmer's school as being up to the standards of Harvard) From the collection.","\n3.\t\"William Hull\" Detroit Historical Society. Detroit Encyclopedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. \nhttps://detroithistorical.org/learn/encyclopedia-of-detroit/hull-william","\nOther articles of interest \nMartin, Susan. \"The Unstoppable Anna Maria Mead Chalmers\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. June 7, 2022. https://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2015/03/the-unstoppable-anna-maria-mead-chalmers/","Lock of hair belonging to Sarah Louisa P. (Hickman) Smith who was the sister of Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers. Louisa was born in 1811 and died at age 20 from illness. Her husband, Samuel Jenks Smith published a book of her poems in 1829. They had two children.","Annie McLellan may have been a cousin of Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers","The papers of Anna Maria (Campbell Hickman) Otis Mead Chalmers (1809-1891) and her family offer a deep look into a 19th century American family with a sharp focus on enslaved and formerly enslaved persons. The collection documents the life of a young, widowed woman, Anna Maria Mead Chalmers, who was the granddaughter of General William Hull (1753-1825). She was a mother of four children and became a businesswoman in Richmond, Virginia. She was a writer, an editor of the Southern Churchmen, an educator and founder of Mrs. Mead's School for Young Ladies, and a director of The Southern Churchmen Cot (\"Retreat for the Sick\"), a hospital for children. Anna Maria's family enslaved people who are represented in the papers including Othello \"Tillo\" Freeman (1790's-1860's?). It includes a letter from William written in [1875], who was their carriage driver, and letters about Sam the fiddler, who settled on the farm after escaping harsher enslavement in Louisianna, and Jordan who was described as being hired out in a letter dated September 8, 1841 from Thomas R. Blair.","In the correspondence of the Mead-Chalmers family, are letters describing Othello Tillo Freeman. There is also a will of Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hull Hickman (1787-1847), mother of Anna Maria Chalmers, that left a stipulation providing room and board for Tillo. ","Letters also show that the family inquired about slave laws for travelling so that they could bring Tillo with them when they moved from Newton, Massachusetts to Richmond, Virginia in 1838. The family is characterized as being kind to enslaved persons by providing for them and educating them however this description does not take into consideration that they never had the opportunities that existed for free white men. ","There is also a leather-bound account book with the first names of enslaved persons.  It is not clear who owns the book or the location of the enslaved persons, but it has an extensive list of first names and dates from 1767 to 1845. Also included in the account book are records for horses and business transactions. "," The letters from William C. Mead (son of Anna Maria Chalmers) and his friends and family describe skirmishes and battles in the Civil War including Murfreesboro, Tennessee and Resaca, Georgia. Included in the collection are letters about succession and anxiety about the conflict between the states. Also included is a carte de visite of Lieutenant William Mead, n.d.; a testimony to the gallantry of William L. Mead signed by J.E.B. Stuart; an oath of allegiance to the Confederacy; a map of Chattanooga \u0026 Environs November 15, 1863; a notice that William Z. Mead has been appointed 1st Lieutenant, 1st Battalion Sharp Shooters; a pass allowing Mrs. Anna Maria Chambers to cross the lines with a hat box and carpet bag; and a memorandum sent to General Joseph Wheeler, concerning  personal items taken from the body of Lieutenant William Mead following his death at Resaca, Georgia in 1864.","William Mead graduated from the University of Virginia in 1857 before the Civil War began. The collection has many references to Charlottesville and the University of Virginia, including comments about university professors Basil L. Gildersleeve, Gessner Harrison, Socrates Maupin, John Minor, Schele De Vere, James L. Cabell, Frederick George Holmes, and Alfred T. Bledsoe. Charlottesville families include Peter and Frances (\"Fannie\") Meriwether, Frances Poindexter, Rector, and Mrs. Ebenezer Boyd, William Cabell Rives, Franklin Minor, Thomas Walker Gilmer and Elizabeth Anderson Gilmer, and Dr. Mann Page.","Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers was extraordinary in having been as well educated as any man in Boston (1) and was able to share her knowledge with other privileged young white girls through her school, including Amélie Rives Troubetzkoy, the famous writer.The collection includes examination questions,correspondence about the school and a newspaper article in the   The Richmond Times Dispatch  dated August 10, 1913 describing Mrs. Mead Chalmers. There are also handwritten poems, short stories, and miscellaneous writings in the collection, including an essay on \"Virginia Before and After the Civil War.\" ","The collection also includes correspondence from Anna Maria Mead Chalmer's cousins, Samuel Clarke,James Freeman Clarke (1810-1888) and his sister, Sarah Ann Freeman Clarke (1808-1896). Sarah Clarke was a landscape artist, a world traveler, and a member of the transcendentalist movement.(2) James Clarke was an American theologian, author, and abolitionist.(3) Mrs. Mead Chalmers and her cousins were friends with literary authors including Edgar Allan Poe, Nathaniel P. Willis, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and Oliver Wendell Holmes.The letters refer to these individuals but there is no correspondence with them.","Unrelated to anything else in the collection, is a miscellaneous item which is a specimen of the first telegraphic writing made on the first telegraph in this country by Professor Morse in 1847.","\nAlso of interest in the collection are letters about General William Hull (1753-1825) who fought in the American Revolutionary War and the War of 1812. His work with the government involved taking land from indigenous persons. In the end, he was charged by the government of not properly defending Detroit in the War of 1812, but President James Madison commuted his sentence.(4) For years, the family and descendants refuted the charges and filed a claim to receive his backpay. In contrast to General Hull's work with the government, is a newspaper clipping of a sermon by Bishop Henry Benjamin Whipple (1822-1901) printed in 1876 which displays Whipple's outrage at the United States government for taking lands from indigenous persons.","From the taking away of the  lands of indigenous persons, to enslavement of African Americans, to a widowed woman trying to earn a living in the nineteenth century, with history about the War of 1812 and the American Civil War, as well as politics, religion, transcendentalism, local Charlottesville history and professors at the University of Virginia, this is a collection of letters rich in history that shows the inner workings of government, society, and people and its effects on everyday life. Collections like these help us to envision our collective past and broaden our perspective on our history and our future. This one is worth a deep dive into the history of the nineteenth century locally and nationally.","Sources:","1. Duval, Maria Pendleton. \"The Lengthened Shadow of a Woman\" Richmond Times Dispatch. August 10, 1913 (Description of Anna Maria Mead Chalmers education in William B. Fowle's school as being the best in Boston and Mrs Chalmer's school as being up to the standards of Harvard) ","2. Maas, Judith. \"Sarah Freeman Clarke: Artist, Traveler, Diarist\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. November 21, 2019  \nhttps://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2019/11/sarah-freeman-clarke-artist-traveler-diarist/ ","3.\"James Freeman Clarke.\" Wikipedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Freeman_Clarke","\n4. \"William Hull\" Detroit Historical Society. Detroit Encyclopedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://detroithistorical.org/learn/encyclopedia-of-detroit/hull-william","\nOther articles of interest \nMartin, Susan. \"The Unstoppable Anna Maria Mead Chalmers\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. June 7, 2022. https://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2015/03/the-unstoppable-anna-maria-mead-chalmers/","Included are comments about University of Virginia Professors Gessner Harrison, John B. Minor, Socrates Maupin, Basil L. Gildersleeve, Maximilan Schele De Vere, James Lawrence Cabell, and William Holmes McGuffey. Included is a letter from Professor Gildersleeve to Dr. George Otis, Jr. dated 1876. Dr. Otis was the first born son of Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers.","Condolences on the death of daughter Louisa and her mother Nancy Binney Hull Hickman.","Includes correspondence of Richard Gambill 1851-1856. There is also a letter from Thomas Walker Gilmer to Richard Gambill from 1833.","Other cousins may be included in this correspondence including McLellans and Clouds.","Samuel C. Clarke writes to his cousin Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers about his attitudes towards Freedmen after enslavement, and their working and living conditions.","Includes small broadside of Sarah Clark art exhibit","Letters about starting the school, procurement of teachers,letters from parents, and examinations.","Letters and notes about purchase of the newspaper and maintaining its operation.","Papers related to raising money and operating a charity hospital for children in Richmond, Virginia","\"The Lengthened Shadow\" of a Woman\" by Maria Pendleton Duval in the Ricmond Times Dispatch is a newspaper aticle about how Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers started Mrs. Mead's School for Young Ladies and how it influenced the opening of the Virginia Female Institute in Staunton, Virginia. Mrs Chalmers taught female students using the same curriculum as Harvard College.","Enslavement, letters from former enslaved people, and information about African American schools, and teaching African Americans to read the bible","Zachariah Mead (husband of Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers) writes a letter to his mother-in-law Nancy Binney \"Anne\" Hickman dated August 24, 1838 in which he describes to her the legislation required for bringing enslaved persons to another state. The family wants to move  from Newton, Massachusetts to Richmond, Virginia and take Othello \"Tillo\" Freeman with them.","Blair writes that the bond agreement was for him to keep Jordan until October when servants would be returning from the Springs, but he will return him if she needs his services.","In her last will and testament, \"I direct that my old servant Othello Freeman, be supported from my estate, in such manner as my said executrive, may think proper.\"","Letter from the Hickman's accountant, Joseph Bacon, that Othello \"Tillo\" Freeman,  who was enslaved by the Hull and Mead family, was removed from the Mclellan household (sister of \"Ann\" Nancy Binney Hickman) and was being boarded at Mr. White's. He writes that Tillo cannot do any work,is not well, and needs medical attention.  Mr. White wants more money to board and take care of him.","Includes unidentified letter to Anna Maria Mead Chalmers about her being honored as a teacher, and her treatment of \"Tillo\".","Mr. Potter says that he has heard good accounts of the school. No details are included.","A note signed \"Massing Bird\" to [Frances] E. Meriwether asking to buy a horse. His son has taken his horse so he needs to buy one.","Letter written by \"Old William\" who was the carriage driver for Mr. and Mrs. Chalmers. He writes to Mrs. Chalmers after the death of Mr. Chalmers about his fondness for them.","Letter from Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers describing her memories of her grandfather General William Hull to her cousin James Freeman Clarke. Mrs. Chalmers recollects that her grandfather required Othello \"Tillo\" Freeman who they enslaved to be present in Church.","One page argument for the Southern Planter's claim that they need the  Freedmen to labor their crops. Author unidentified, undated.","Correspondence of the Mead family, Meriwether family, George H. Geyer and others describing camp life, skirmishes and battles, and officers, including General Stonewall Jackson, General Longstreet, General Braggs, General McLellan, and General Grant","Includes a testimony to the gallantry of William L. Mead signed by J.E.B. Stuart; an oath of allegiance to the Confederacy; a map of Chattanooga \u0026 Environs November 15, 1863; a notice that William Z. Mead has been appointed 1st Lieut., 1st Battalion Sharp Shooters; a pass allowing Mrs. Anna M. Chambers to cross the lines with a hat box and carpet bag; and a memorandum sent to Gen. Joseph Wheeler, concerning  personal items taken from the body of Mead following his death at Resaca, Ga., 1864.","Some letters and notes about the genealogy of the Mead family","Photographs identified as Lieutenant William Zachariah Mead, Fannie Chalmers, and Marion Kollock.","Includes article about Bishop Whipple sermon supporting Indigenous persons; article about James Freeman Clarke, other obituaries, and various miscellaneous items including a football game at Pantops Academy.","John Greenleaf Whittier \"The Singer\" from the Atlantic Monthly, devotional prayers, and miscellaneous","Article Isaac McLellan, Sunday School brochures, advertisement for the Rockbridge Baths, Liturgy of the Holy Eucharist by N. W. Camp, and religious printed materials.","Certificate of Distinction from La Fourches School, Keswick, Virginia for Henry B. Mead; Anna Maria Chalmers marriage certificate; and Kappa Alpha In Universitate Virginiae broadside.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 4966","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1222"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers family papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers family papers"],"collection_ssim":["Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers family papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["United States History Revolution, 1775-1783 Personal narratives","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives","women--education -- Virginia","Enslavers","United States -- History -- War of 1812","University of Virginia -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["United States History Revolution, 1775-1783 Personal narratives","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives","women--education -- Virginia","Enslavers","United States -- History -- War of 1812","University of Virginia -- History"],"places_ssim":["United States History Revolution, 1775-1783 Personal narratives","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives","women--education -- Virginia","Enslavers","United States -- History -- War of 1812","University of Virginia -- History"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Part of this collection was a deposit from Ernest C. Mead on January 5, 1955 which became a gift in 1998, another gift from Ernest C. Mead on January 30, 2007, and in 2020. There was an additional gift from James Blizzard Mead on September 27, 2012 to the Small Special Collections library at the University of Virginia."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Enslaved laborers","enslaved persons","University of Virginia -- Faculty","letters (correspondence)","human hair","University of Virginia--Students--Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Enslaved laborers","enslaved persons","University of Virginia -- Faculty","letters (correspondence)","human hair","University of Virginia--Students--Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"physdesc_tesim":["Fair to good."],"extent_ssm":["4.5 Cubic Feet 9 document boxes"],"extent_tesim":["4.5 Cubic Feet 9 document boxes"],"physfacet_tesim":["9 legal size document boxes, 2 oversize documents and one oversize account book. (and 3 flat boxes in original collection)."],"genreform_ssim":["letters (correspondence)","human hair","University of Virginia--Students--Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into fifteen series: 1.William and Sarah Hull papers, 2.Otis Mead Chalmers family correspondence, 3.Anna Maria Mead Chalmers correspondence, 4.Clarke family correspondence, 5. Anna Maria Mead Chalmers business papers, 6. Enslavery, 7. United States Civil War, 8. Financial papers, 9.Diaries and daybooks, 10. Genealogy, 11. Hair collection, 12. Miscellaneous first telegraph of morse code, 13.Photographs 14. Printed items  15.Poetry \u0026amp; writings\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUnder Series 1. William and Sarah Hull papers includes letters about  filing a claim in support of General Hull. Information about the claim can also be found throughout the family correspondence in the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are letters from the family and others about General Hull's claim throughout the correspondence in the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement","Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into fifteen series: 1.William and Sarah Hull papers, 2.Otis Mead Chalmers family correspondence, 3.Anna Maria Mead Chalmers correspondence, 4.Clarke family correspondence, 5. Anna Maria Mead Chalmers business papers, 6. Enslavery, 7. United States Civil War, 8. Financial papers, 9.Diaries and daybooks, 10. Genealogy, 11. Hair collection, 12. Miscellaneous first telegraph of morse code, 13.Photographs 14. Printed items  15.Poetry \u0026 writings","Under Series 1. William and Sarah Hull papers includes letters about  filing a claim in support of General Hull. Information about the claim can also be found throughout the family correspondence in the collection.","There are letters from the family and others about General Hull's claim throughout the correspondence in the collection."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOthello Tillo Freeman (1) was enslaved by General William Hull before or at the turn of the nineteenth century. He moved with Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hickman (1787-1847), daughter of General William Hull, from Newton, Massachusetts to Richmond, Virginia in 1838 and continued to be enslaved by the Mead Chalmers family until his death, which may have been in the 1860's. Sam had escaped from an enslaver in Louisiana and worked on the Hull farm for the last thirty years of his life [1800's to 1830's]. Jordan is described as hired out in a letter from Thomas R. Blair dated September 8, 1841. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAnna Maria Chalmers was the granddaughter of General William Hull (1753-1825) who recollects the memories of Tillo and Sam on her grandparents farm. She was a mother of four children and became a businesswoman in Richmond, Virginia. She was a writer, an editor of the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSouthern Churchmen\u003c/emph\u003e, an educator and founder of Mrs. Mead's School for Young Ladies, and a director of The Southern Churchmen Cot (\"Retreat for the Sick\") a hospital for children. She wrote articles for the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBoston Home Journal\u003c/emph\u003e, the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eNew York Tribune\u003c/emph\u003e, and the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSouthern Literary Messenger\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHer mother was Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hull Hickman and her father was Harris H. Hickman who served as a captain in the War of 1812 and the United States Navy, and died in 1824 in St. Thomas, South America. Her grandparents General William and Sarah Fuller Hull helped raise her in Newton, Massachusetts. She attended William B. Fowle's school in Boston (2) and after her father and grandparents died, she lived with her Uncle Edward and Aunt Maria Campbell, who ran a school in Marietta, Georgia. Her sister Louisa \"Louly\" Hickman Smith was a published poet who died as a young mother aged 21, in 1832 leaving a husband, Samuel Jenks Smith and their two children. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAnna Maria Mead Chalmers survived three husbands, George Alexander Otis (1803-1831), Zachariah Mead (1800-1840), and David Chalmers (1779?-1875?), and had three sons, living during the American Civil War, George Alexander Otis, Jr. (1830-1881) who was a field surgeon in the Massachusetts 27th volunteers and assistant surgeon general of the army,  William Zachariah Mead, (1838-1864) who fought at Murfreesboro and died fighting for the Tennessee Army in the Confederacy in the Battle of Resaca, Georgia, and Edward C. Mead (1837-1908) who traveled to Australia in search of financial independence with a stint in gold digging, and settled on a farm in Keswick, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAnna Maria's first husband, George Otis was a young lawyer who died from consumption one year after their marriage in 1831. Their first and only son was Dr. George Alexander Otis. Zachariah Mead, her second husband was a reverend at the Grace Episcopal Church in Cismont, Virginia, an assistant clergyman at Monumental, Saint James's, and Saint John's Episcopal Churches in Richmond and the editor of the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSouthern Churchmen\u003c/emph\u003e also in Richmond, Virginia. They had two sons Edward, and William, and a daughter Louisa who died as a child. She married a third time in 1856 to David Chalmers who was a plantation owner in News Ferry, (Halifax) Virginia. He enslaved people, and educated African Americans at his school. The collection does not mention the school by name and no further details were found in the papers.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1881, after her son Dr. George Otis died, Mrs. Chalmers moved in with her son Edward Mead on his farm in Keswick. They were close friends with many prominent Charlottesville families including Peter and Frances (\"Fannie\") Meriwether, Frances Poindexter, Rector, and Mrs. Ebenezer Boyd, William Cabell Rives, Franklin Minor, Thomas Walker Gilmer and Elizabeth Anderson Gilmer, and Dr. Mann Page. William Mead attended the University of Virginia and met with many of the University of Virginia's earliest professors including Basil L. Gildersleeve, Gessner Harrison, Socrates Maupin, John Minor, Schele De Vere, James L. Cabell, Frederick George Holmes, and Alfred T. Bledsoe.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHer grandfather, General William Hull was born in Derby, Connecticut in 1753 and moved to Detroit Michigan when his government work which involved the taking of land from indigenous persons led him to become the Governor of the Territory of Michigan and the commander of the Army of the Northwest Territory during the War of 1812. He was appointed by Thomas Jefferson and was a friend of General Lafayette. After being unsuccessful in fighting off the Canadians, (however claiming that the government did not give him the resources to defend Michigan) he was court-martialed by James Madison who later commuted his sentence. (3) He died in 1825 in Newton, Massachusetts. He was married to Sarah Fuller Hull. Their children were Nancy Ann Binney Hickman, Sarah McKesson (1783-1810), Maria Campbell (1788-1845) Abraham Fuller Hull (1786-1814), Rebecca Parker Clarke (1790-1865), Caroline Hull (1793-1824), Julia Knox Wheeler (1799-1842), Eliza McClellan (1784-1864), and Cornelia Page.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSources:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1. Hurd, D. Hamilton. \"History of Middlesex County Massachusetts with Biographical Sketches of Many of Its Pioneers and Prominent Men\" Volume III. Philadelphia:J. W. Lewis and Company. 1890.\nhttps://books.google.com/books?id=mZU6AQAAIAAJ\u0026amp;pg=PA33\u0026amp;lpg=PA33\u0026amp;dq=othello+%22tillo%22+freeman\u0026amp;source=bl\u0026amp;ots=4_Drct_uRZ\u0026amp;sig=ACfU3U21FUtYLt8aQ7PklsGdRfOnEJ09RQ\u0026amp;hl=en\u0026amp;sa=X\u0026amp;ved=2ahUKEwjRqtK1sYr5AhV0EFkFHRYkAg0Q6AF6BAgdEAM#v=onepage\u0026amp;q=othello%20%22tillo%22%20freeman\u0026amp;f=false\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n2.\tDuval, Maria Pendleton. \"The Lengthened Shadow of a Woman\" Richmond Times Dispatch. August 10, 1913 (Description of Anna Maria Mead Chalmers education in William B. Fowle's school as being the best in Boston and Mrs Chalmer's school as being up to the standards of Harvard) From the collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n3.\t\"William Hull\" Detroit Historical Society. Detroit Encyclopedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. \nhttps://detroithistorical.org/learn/encyclopedia-of-detroit/hull-william\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nOther articles of interest \nMartin, Susan. \"The Unstoppable Anna Maria Mead Chalmers\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. June 7, 2022. https://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2015/03/the-unstoppable-anna-maria-mead-chalmers/\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLock of hair belonging to Sarah Louisa P. (Hickman) Smith who was the sister of Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers. Louisa was born in 1811 and died at age 20 from illness. Her husband, Samuel Jenks Smith published a book of her poems in 1829. They had two children.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAnnie McLellan may have been a cousin of Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Othello Tillo Freeman (1) was enslaved by General William Hull before or at the turn of the nineteenth century. He moved with Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hickman (1787-1847), daughter of General William Hull, from Newton, Massachusetts to Richmond, Virginia in 1838 and continued to be enslaved by the Mead Chalmers family until his death, which may have been in the 1860's. Sam had escaped from an enslaver in Louisiana and worked on the Hull farm for the last thirty years of his life [1800's to 1830's]. Jordan is described as hired out in a letter from Thomas R. Blair dated September 8, 1841. ","Anna Maria Chalmers was the granddaughter of General William Hull (1753-1825) who recollects the memories of Tillo and Sam on her grandparents farm. She was a mother of four children and became a businesswoman in Richmond, Virginia. She was a writer, an editor of the  Southern Churchmen , an educator and founder of Mrs. Mead's School for Young Ladies, and a director of The Southern Churchmen Cot (\"Retreat for the Sick\") a hospital for children. She wrote articles for the  Boston Home Journal , the  New York Tribune , and the  Southern Literary Messenger","Her mother was Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hull Hickman and her father was Harris H. Hickman who served as a captain in the War of 1812 and the United States Navy, and died in 1824 in St. Thomas, South America. Her grandparents General William and Sarah Fuller Hull helped raise her in Newton, Massachusetts. She attended William B. Fowle's school in Boston (2) and after her father and grandparents died, she lived with her Uncle Edward and Aunt Maria Campbell, who ran a school in Marietta, Georgia. Her sister Louisa \"Louly\" Hickman Smith was a published poet who died as a young mother aged 21, in 1832 leaving a husband, Samuel Jenks Smith and their two children. ","Anna Maria Mead Chalmers survived three husbands, George Alexander Otis (1803-1831), Zachariah Mead (1800-1840), and David Chalmers (1779?-1875?), and had three sons, living during the American Civil War, George Alexander Otis, Jr. (1830-1881) who was a field surgeon in the Massachusetts 27th volunteers and assistant surgeon general of the army,  William Zachariah Mead, (1838-1864) who fought at Murfreesboro and died fighting for the Tennessee Army in the Confederacy in the Battle of Resaca, Georgia, and Edward C. Mead (1837-1908) who traveled to Australia in search of financial independence with a stint in gold digging, and settled on a farm in Keswick, Virginia.","Anna Maria's first husband, George Otis was a young lawyer who died from consumption one year after their marriage in 1831. Their first and only son was Dr. George Alexander Otis. Zachariah Mead, her second husband was a reverend at the Grace Episcopal Church in Cismont, Virginia, an assistant clergyman at Monumental, Saint James's, and Saint John's Episcopal Churches in Richmond and the editor of the  Southern Churchmen  also in Richmond, Virginia. They had two sons Edward, and William, and a daughter Louisa who died as a child. She married a third time in 1856 to David Chalmers who was a plantation owner in News Ferry, (Halifax) Virginia. He enslaved people, and educated African Americans at his school. The collection does not mention the school by name and no further details were found in the papers.","In 1881, after her son Dr. George Otis died, Mrs. Chalmers moved in with her son Edward Mead on his farm in Keswick. They were close friends with many prominent Charlottesville families including Peter and Frances (\"Fannie\") Meriwether, Frances Poindexter, Rector, and Mrs. Ebenezer Boyd, William Cabell Rives, Franklin Minor, Thomas Walker Gilmer and Elizabeth Anderson Gilmer, and Dr. Mann Page. William Mead attended the University of Virginia and met with many of the University of Virginia's earliest professors including Basil L. Gildersleeve, Gessner Harrison, Socrates Maupin, John Minor, Schele De Vere, James L. Cabell, Frederick George Holmes, and Alfred T. Bledsoe.","Her grandfather, General William Hull was born in Derby, Connecticut in 1753 and moved to Detroit Michigan when his government work which involved the taking of land from indigenous persons led him to become the Governor of the Territory of Michigan and the commander of the Army of the Northwest Territory during the War of 1812. He was appointed by Thomas Jefferson and was a friend of General Lafayette. After being unsuccessful in fighting off the Canadians, (however claiming that the government did not give him the resources to defend Michigan) he was court-martialed by James Madison who later commuted his sentence. (3) He died in 1825 in Newton, Massachusetts. He was married to Sarah Fuller Hull. Their children were Nancy Ann Binney Hickman, Sarah McKesson (1783-1810), Maria Campbell (1788-1845) Abraham Fuller Hull (1786-1814), Rebecca Parker Clarke (1790-1865), Caroline Hull (1793-1824), Julia Knox Wheeler (1799-1842), Eliza McClellan (1784-1864), and Cornelia Page.","Sources:","1. Hurd, D. Hamilton. \"History of Middlesex County Massachusetts with Biographical Sketches of Many of Its Pioneers and Prominent Men\" Volume III. Philadelphia:J. W. Lewis and Company. 1890.\nhttps://books.google.com/books?id=mZU6AQAAIAAJ\u0026pg=PA33\u0026lpg=PA33\u0026dq=othello+%22tillo%22+freeman\u0026source=bl\u0026ots=4_Drct_uRZ\u0026sig=ACfU3U21FUtYLt8aQ7PklsGdRfOnEJ09RQ\u0026hl=en\u0026sa=X\u0026ved=2ahUKEwjRqtK1sYr5AhV0EFkFHRYkAg0Q6AF6BAgdEAM#v=onepage\u0026q=othello%20%22tillo%22%20freeman\u0026f=false","\n2.\tDuval, Maria Pendleton. \"The Lengthened Shadow of a Woman\" Richmond Times Dispatch. August 10, 1913 (Description of Anna Maria Mead Chalmers education in William B. Fowle's school as being the best in Boston and Mrs Chalmer's school as being up to the standards of Harvard) From the collection.","\n3.\t\"William Hull\" Detroit Historical Society. Detroit Encyclopedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. \nhttps://detroithistorical.org/learn/encyclopedia-of-detroit/hull-william","\nOther articles of interest \nMartin, Susan. \"The Unstoppable Anna Maria Mead Chalmers\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. June 7, 2022. https://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2015/03/the-unstoppable-anna-maria-mead-chalmers/","Lock of hair belonging to Sarah Louisa P. (Hickman) Smith who was the sister of Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers. Louisa was born in 1811 and died at age 20 from illness. Her husband, Samuel Jenks Smith published a book of her poems in 1829. They had two children.","Annie McLellan may have been a cousin of Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 4966, Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 4966, Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers of Anna Maria (Campbell Hickman) Otis Mead Chalmers (1809-1891) and her family offer a deep look into a 19th century American family with a sharp focus on enslaved and formerly enslaved persons. The collection documents the life of a young, widowed woman, Anna Maria Mead Chalmers, who was the granddaughter of General William Hull (1753-1825). She was a mother of four children and became a businesswoman in Richmond, Virginia. She was a writer, an editor of the Southern Churchmen, an educator and founder of Mrs. Mead's School for Young Ladies, and a director of The Southern Churchmen Cot (\"Retreat for the Sick\"), a hospital for children. Anna Maria's family enslaved people who are represented in the papers including Othello \"Tillo\" Freeman (1790's-1860's?). It includes a letter from William written in [1875], who was their carriage driver, and letters about Sam the fiddler, who settled on the farm after escaping harsher enslavement in Louisianna, and Jordan who was described as being hired out in a letter dated September 8, 1841 from Thomas R. Blair.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn the correspondence of the Mead-Chalmers family, are letters describing Othello Tillo Freeman. There is also a will of Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hull Hickman (1787-1847), mother of Anna Maria Chalmers, that left a stipulation providing room and board for Tillo. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLetters also show that the family inquired about slave laws for travelling so that they could bring Tillo with them when they moved from Newton, Massachusetts to Richmond, Virginia in 1838. The family is characterized as being kind to enslaved persons by providing for them and educating them however this description does not take into consideration that they never had the opportunities that existed for free white men. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere is also a leather-bound account book with the first names of enslaved persons.  It is not clear who owns the book or the location of the enslaved persons, but it has an extensive list of first names and dates from 1767 to 1845. Also included in the account book are records for horses and business transactions. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The letters from William C. Mead (son of Anna Maria Chalmers) and his friends and family describe skirmishes and battles in the Civil War including Murfreesboro, Tennessee and Resaca, Georgia. Included in the collection are letters about succession and anxiety about the conflict between the states. Also included is a carte de visite of Lieutenant William Mead, n.d.; a testimony to the gallantry of William L. Mead signed by J.E.B. Stuart; an oath of allegiance to the Confederacy; a map of Chattanooga \u0026amp; Environs November 15, 1863; a notice that William Z. Mead has been appointed 1st Lieutenant, 1st Battalion Sharp Shooters; a pass allowing Mrs. Anna Maria Chambers to cross the lines with a hat box and carpet bag; and a memorandum sent to General Joseph Wheeler, concerning  personal items taken from the body of Lieutenant William Mead following his death at Resaca, Georgia in 1864.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam Mead graduated from the University of Virginia in 1857 before the Civil War began. The collection has many references to Charlottesville and the University of Virginia, including comments about university professors Basil L. Gildersleeve, Gessner Harrison, Socrates Maupin, John Minor, Schele De Vere, James L. Cabell, Frederick George Holmes, and Alfred T. Bledsoe. Charlottesville families include Peter and Frances (\"Fannie\") Meriwether, Frances Poindexter, Rector, and Mrs. Ebenezer Boyd, William Cabell Rives, Franklin Minor, Thomas Walker Gilmer and Elizabeth Anderson Gilmer, and Dr. Mann Page.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAnna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers was extraordinary in having been as well educated as any man in Boston (1) and was able to share her knowledge with other privileged young white girls through her school, including Amélie Rives Troubetzkoy, the famous writer.The collection includes examination questions,correspondence about the school and a newspaper article in the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003e The Richmond Times Dispatch\u003c/emph\u003e dated August 10, 1913 describing Mrs. Mead Chalmers. There are also handwritten poems, short stories, and miscellaneous writings in the collection, including an essay on \"Virginia Before and After the Civil War.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also includes correspondence from Anna Maria Mead Chalmer's cousins, Samuel Clarke,James Freeman Clarke (1810-1888) and his sister, Sarah Ann Freeman Clarke (1808-1896). Sarah Clarke was a landscape artist, a world traveler, and a member of the transcendentalist movement.(2) James Clarke was an American theologian, author, and abolitionist.(3) Mrs. Mead Chalmers and her cousins were friends with literary authors including Edgar Allan Poe, Nathaniel P. Willis, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and Oliver Wendell Holmes.The letters refer to these individuals but there is no correspondence with them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUnrelated to anything else in the collection, is a miscellaneous item which is a specimen of the first telegraphic writing made on the first telegraph in this country by Professor Morse in 1847.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nAlso of interest in the collection are letters about General William Hull (1753-1825) who fought in the American Revolutionary War and the War of 1812. His work with the government involved taking land from indigenous persons. In the end, he was charged by the government of not properly defending Detroit in the War of 1812, but President James Madison commuted his sentence.(4) For years, the family and descendants refuted the charges and filed a claim to receive his backpay. In contrast to General Hull's work with the government, is a newspaper clipping of a sermon by Bishop Henry Benjamin Whipple (1822-1901) printed in 1876 which displays Whipple's outrage at the United States government for taking lands from indigenous persons.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFrom the taking away of the  lands of indigenous persons, to enslavement of African Americans, to a widowed woman trying to earn a living in the nineteenth century, with history about the War of 1812 and the American Civil War, as well as politics, religion, transcendentalism, local Charlottesville history and professors at the University of Virginia, this is a collection of letters rich in history that shows the inner workings of government, society, and people and its effects on everyday life. Collections like these help us to envision our collective past and broaden our perspective on our history and our future. This one is worth a deep dive into the history of the nineteenth century locally and nationally.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSources:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1. Duval, Maria Pendleton. \"The Lengthened Shadow of a Woman\" Richmond Times Dispatch. August 10, 1913 (Description of Anna Maria Mead Chalmers education in William B. Fowle's school as being the best in Boston and Mrs Chalmer's school as being up to the standards of Harvard) \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2. Maas, Judith. \"Sarah Freeman Clarke: Artist, Traveler, Diarist\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. November 21, 2019  \nhttps://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2019/11/sarah-freeman-clarke-artist-traveler-diarist/ \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e3.\"James Freeman Clarke.\" Wikipedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Freeman_Clarke\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n4. \"William Hull\" Detroit Historical Society. Detroit Encyclopedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://detroithistorical.org/learn/encyclopedia-of-detroit/hull-william\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nOther articles of interest \nMartin, Susan. \"The Unstoppable Anna Maria Mead Chalmers\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. June 7, 2022. https://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2015/03/the-unstoppable-anna-maria-mead-chalmers/\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are comments about University of Virginia Professors Gessner Harrison, John B. Minor, Socrates Maupin, Basil L. Gildersleeve, Maximilan Schele De Vere, James Lawrence Cabell, and William Holmes McGuffey. Included is a letter from Professor Gildersleeve to Dr. George Otis, Jr. dated 1876. Dr. Otis was the first born son of Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCondolences on the death of daughter Louisa and her mother Nancy Binney Hull Hickman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes correspondence of Richard Gambill 1851-1856. There is also a letter from Thomas Walker Gilmer to Richard Gambill from 1833.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOther cousins may be included in this correspondence including McLellans and Clouds.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSamuel C. Clarke writes to his cousin Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers about his attitudes towards Freedmen after enslavement, and their working and living conditions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes small broadside of Sarah Clark art exhibit\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters about starting the school, procurement of teachers,letters from parents, and examinations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters and notes about purchase of the newspaper and maintaining its operation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePapers related to raising money and operating a charity hospital for children in Richmond, Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"The Lengthened Shadow\" of a Woman\" by Maria Pendleton Duval in the Ricmond Times Dispatch is a newspaper aticle about how Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers started Mrs. Mead's School for Young Ladies and how it influenced the opening of the Virginia Female Institute in Staunton, Virginia. Mrs Chalmers taught female students using the same curriculum as Harvard College.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnslavement, letters from former enslaved people, and information about African American schools, and teaching African Americans to read the bible\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eZachariah Mead (husband of Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers) writes a letter to his mother-in-law Nancy Binney \"Anne\" Hickman dated August 24, 1838 in which he describes to her the legislation required for bringing enslaved persons to another state. The family wants to move  from Newton, Massachusetts to Richmond, Virginia and take Othello \"Tillo\" Freeman with them.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlair writes that the bond agreement was for him to keep Jordan until October when servants would be returning from the Springs, but he will return him if she needs his services.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn her last will and testament, \"I direct that my old servant Othello Freeman, be supported from my estate, in such manner as my said executrive, may think proper.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter from the Hickman's accountant, Joseph Bacon, that Othello \"Tillo\" Freeman,  who was enslaved by the Hull and Mead family, was removed from the Mclellan household (sister of \"Ann\" Nancy Binney Hickman) and was being boarded at Mr. White's. He writes that Tillo cannot do any work,is not well, and needs medical attention.  Mr. White wants more money to board and take care of him.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes unidentified letter to Anna Maria Mead Chalmers about her being honored as a teacher, and her treatment of \"Tillo\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMr. Potter says that he has heard good accounts of the school. No details are included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA note signed \"Massing Bird\" to [Frances] E. Meriwether asking to buy a horse. His son has taken his horse so he needs to buy one.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter written by \"Old William\" who was the carriage driver for Mr. and Mrs. Chalmers. He writes to Mrs. Chalmers after the death of Mr. Chalmers about his fondness for them.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter from Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers describing her memories of her grandfather General William Hull to her cousin James Freeman Clarke. Mrs. Chalmers recollects that her grandfather required Othello \"Tillo\" Freeman who they enslaved to be present in Church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOne page argument for the Southern Planter's claim that they need the  Freedmen to labor their crops. Author unidentified, undated.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence of the Mead family, Meriwether family, George H. Geyer and others describing camp life, skirmishes and battles, and officers, including General Stonewall Jackson, General Longstreet, General Braggs, General McLellan, and General Grant\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a testimony to the gallantry of William L. Mead signed by J.E.B. Stuart; an oath of allegiance to the Confederacy; a map of Chattanooga \u0026amp; Environs November 15, 1863; a notice that William Z. Mead has been appointed 1st Lieut., 1st Battalion Sharp Shooters; a pass allowing Mrs. Anna M. Chambers to cross the lines with a hat box and carpet bag; and a memorandum sent to Gen. Joseph Wheeler, concerning  personal items taken from the body of Mead following his death at Resaca, Ga., 1864.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSome letters and notes about the genealogy of the Mead family\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs identified as Lieutenant William Zachariah Mead, Fannie Chalmers, and Marion Kollock.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes article about Bishop Whipple sermon supporting Indigenous persons; article about James Freeman Clarke, other obituaries, and various miscellaneous items including a football game at Pantops Academy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJohn Greenleaf Whittier \"The Singer\" from the Atlantic Monthly, devotional prayers, and miscellaneous\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArticle Isaac McLellan, Sunday School brochures, advertisement for the Rockbridge Baths, Liturgy of the Holy Eucharist by N. W. Camp, and religious printed materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCertificate of Distinction from La Fourches School, Keswick, Virginia for Henry B. Mead; Anna Maria Chalmers marriage certificate; and Kappa Alpha In Universitate Virginiae broadside.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The papers of Anna Maria (Campbell Hickman) Otis Mead Chalmers (1809-1891) and her family offer a deep look into a 19th century American family with a sharp focus on enslaved and formerly enslaved persons. The collection documents the life of a young, widowed woman, Anna Maria Mead Chalmers, who was the granddaughter of General William Hull (1753-1825). She was a mother of four children and became a businesswoman in Richmond, Virginia. She was a writer, an editor of the Southern Churchmen, an educator and founder of Mrs. Mead's School for Young Ladies, and a director of The Southern Churchmen Cot (\"Retreat for the Sick\"), a hospital for children. Anna Maria's family enslaved people who are represented in the papers including Othello \"Tillo\" Freeman (1790's-1860's?). It includes a letter from William written in [1875], who was their carriage driver, and letters about Sam the fiddler, who settled on the farm after escaping harsher enslavement in Louisianna, and Jordan who was described as being hired out in a letter dated September 8, 1841 from Thomas R. Blair.","In the correspondence of the Mead-Chalmers family, are letters describing Othello Tillo Freeman. There is also a will of Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hull Hickman (1787-1847), mother of Anna Maria Chalmers, that left a stipulation providing room and board for Tillo. ","Letters also show that the family inquired about slave laws for travelling so that they could bring Tillo with them when they moved from Newton, Massachusetts to Richmond, Virginia in 1838. The family is characterized as being kind to enslaved persons by providing for them and educating them however this description does not take into consideration that they never had the opportunities that existed for free white men. ","There is also a leather-bound account book with the first names of enslaved persons.  It is not clear who owns the book or the location of the enslaved persons, but it has an extensive list of first names and dates from 1767 to 1845. Also included in the account book are records for horses and business transactions. "," The letters from William C. Mead (son of Anna Maria Chalmers) and his friends and family describe skirmishes and battles in the Civil War including Murfreesboro, Tennessee and Resaca, Georgia. Included in the collection are letters about succession and anxiety about the conflict between the states. Also included is a carte de visite of Lieutenant William Mead, n.d.; a testimony to the gallantry of William L. Mead signed by J.E.B. Stuart; an oath of allegiance to the Confederacy; a map of Chattanooga \u0026 Environs November 15, 1863; a notice that William Z. Mead has been appointed 1st Lieutenant, 1st Battalion Sharp Shooters; a pass allowing Mrs. Anna Maria Chambers to cross the lines with a hat box and carpet bag; and a memorandum sent to General Joseph Wheeler, concerning  personal items taken from the body of Lieutenant William Mead following his death at Resaca, Georgia in 1864.","William Mead graduated from the University of Virginia in 1857 before the Civil War began. The collection has many references to Charlottesville and the University of Virginia, including comments about university professors Basil L. Gildersleeve, Gessner Harrison, Socrates Maupin, John Minor, Schele De Vere, James L. Cabell, Frederick George Holmes, and Alfred T. Bledsoe. Charlottesville families include Peter and Frances (\"Fannie\") Meriwether, Frances Poindexter, Rector, and Mrs. Ebenezer Boyd, William Cabell Rives, Franklin Minor, Thomas Walker Gilmer and Elizabeth Anderson Gilmer, and Dr. Mann Page.","Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers was extraordinary in having been as well educated as any man in Boston (1) and was able to share her knowledge with other privileged young white girls through her school, including Amélie Rives Troubetzkoy, the famous writer.The collection includes examination questions,correspondence about the school and a newspaper article in the   The Richmond Times Dispatch  dated August 10, 1913 describing Mrs. Mead Chalmers. There are also handwritten poems, short stories, and miscellaneous writings in the collection, including an essay on \"Virginia Before and After the Civil War.\" ","The collection also includes correspondence from Anna Maria Mead Chalmer's cousins, Samuel Clarke,James Freeman Clarke (1810-1888) and his sister, Sarah Ann Freeman Clarke (1808-1896). Sarah Clarke was a landscape artist, a world traveler, and a member of the transcendentalist movement.(2) James Clarke was an American theologian, author, and abolitionist.(3) Mrs. Mead Chalmers and her cousins were friends with literary authors including Edgar Allan Poe, Nathaniel P. Willis, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and Oliver Wendell Holmes.The letters refer to these individuals but there is no correspondence with them.","Unrelated to anything else in the collection, is a miscellaneous item which is a specimen of the first telegraphic writing made on the first telegraph in this country by Professor Morse in 1847.","\nAlso of interest in the collection are letters about General William Hull (1753-1825) who fought in the American Revolutionary War and the War of 1812. His work with the government involved taking land from indigenous persons. In the end, he was charged by the government of not properly defending Detroit in the War of 1812, but President James Madison commuted his sentence.(4) For years, the family and descendants refuted the charges and filed a claim to receive his backpay. In contrast to General Hull's work with the government, is a newspaper clipping of a sermon by Bishop Henry Benjamin Whipple (1822-1901) printed in 1876 which displays Whipple's outrage at the United States government for taking lands from indigenous persons.","From the taking away of the  lands of indigenous persons, to enslavement of African Americans, to a widowed woman trying to earn a living in the nineteenth century, with history about the War of 1812 and the American Civil War, as well as politics, religion, transcendentalism, local Charlottesville history and professors at the University of Virginia, this is a collection of letters rich in history that shows the inner workings of government, society, and people and its effects on everyday life. Collections like these help us to envision our collective past and broaden our perspective on our history and our future. This one is worth a deep dive into the history of the nineteenth century locally and nationally.","Sources:","1. Duval, Maria Pendleton. \"The Lengthened Shadow of a Woman\" Richmond Times Dispatch. August 10, 1913 (Description of Anna Maria Mead Chalmers education in William B. Fowle's school as being the best in Boston and Mrs Chalmer's school as being up to the standards of Harvard) ","2. Maas, Judith. \"Sarah Freeman Clarke: Artist, Traveler, Diarist\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. November 21, 2019  \nhttps://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2019/11/sarah-freeman-clarke-artist-traveler-diarist/ ","3.\"James Freeman Clarke.\" Wikipedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Freeman_Clarke","\n4. \"William Hull\" Detroit Historical Society. Detroit Encyclopedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://detroithistorical.org/learn/encyclopedia-of-detroit/hull-william","\nOther articles of interest \nMartin, Susan. \"The Unstoppable Anna Maria Mead Chalmers\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. June 7, 2022. https://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2015/03/the-unstoppable-anna-maria-mead-chalmers/","Included are comments about University of Virginia Professors Gessner Harrison, John B. Minor, Socrates Maupin, Basil L. Gildersleeve, Maximilan Schele De Vere, James Lawrence Cabell, and William Holmes McGuffey. Included is a letter from Professor Gildersleeve to Dr. George Otis, Jr. dated 1876. Dr. Otis was the first born son of Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers.","Condolences on the death of daughter Louisa and her mother Nancy Binney Hull Hickman.","Includes correspondence of Richard Gambill 1851-1856. There is also a letter from Thomas Walker Gilmer to Richard Gambill from 1833.","Other cousins may be included in this correspondence including McLellans and Clouds.","Samuel C. Clarke writes to his cousin Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers about his attitudes towards Freedmen after enslavement, and their working and living conditions.","Includes small broadside of Sarah Clark art exhibit","Letters about starting the school, procurement of teachers,letters from parents, and examinations.","Letters and notes about purchase of the newspaper and maintaining its operation.","Papers related to raising money and operating a charity hospital for children in Richmond, Virginia","\"The Lengthened Shadow\" of a Woman\" by Maria Pendleton Duval in the Ricmond Times Dispatch is a newspaper aticle about how Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers started Mrs. Mead's School for Young Ladies and how it influenced the opening of the Virginia Female Institute in Staunton, Virginia. Mrs Chalmers taught female students using the same curriculum as Harvard College.","Enslavement, letters from former enslaved people, and information about African American schools, and teaching African Americans to read the bible","Zachariah Mead (husband of Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers) writes a letter to his mother-in-law Nancy Binney \"Anne\" Hickman dated August 24, 1838 in which he describes to her the legislation required for bringing enslaved persons to another state. The family wants to move  from Newton, Massachusetts to Richmond, Virginia and take Othello \"Tillo\" Freeman with them.","Blair writes that the bond agreement was for him to keep Jordan until October when servants would be returning from the Springs, but he will return him if she needs his services.","In her last will and testament, \"I direct that my old servant Othello Freeman, be supported from my estate, in such manner as my said executrive, may think proper.\"","Letter from the Hickman's accountant, Joseph Bacon, that Othello \"Tillo\" Freeman,  who was enslaved by the Hull and Mead family, was removed from the Mclellan household (sister of \"Ann\" Nancy Binney Hickman) and was being boarded at Mr. White's. He writes that Tillo cannot do any work,is not well, and needs medical attention.  Mr. White wants more money to board and take care of him.","Includes unidentified letter to Anna Maria Mead Chalmers about her being honored as a teacher, and her treatment of \"Tillo\".","Mr. Potter says that he has heard good accounts of the school. No details are included.","A note signed \"Massing Bird\" to [Frances] E. Meriwether asking to buy a horse. His son has taken his horse so he needs to buy one.","Letter written by \"Old William\" who was the carriage driver for Mr. and Mrs. Chalmers. He writes to Mrs. Chalmers after the death of Mr. Chalmers about his fondness for them.","Letter from Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers describing her memories of her grandfather General William Hull to her cousin James Freeman Clarke. Mrs. Chalmers recollects that her grandfather required Othello \"Tillo\" Freeman who they enslaved to be present in Church.","One page argument for the Southern Planter's claim that they need the  Freedmen to labor their crops. Author unidentified, undated.","Correspondence of the Mead family, Meriwether family, George H. Geyer and others describing camp life, skirmishes and battles, and officers, including General Stonewall Jackson, General Longstreet, General Braggs, General McLellan, and General Grant","Includes a testimony to the gallantry of William L. Mead signed by J.E.B. Stuart; an oath of allegiance to the Confederacy; a map of Chattanooga \u0026 Environs November 15, 1863; a notice that William Z. Mead has been appointed 1st Lieut., 1st Battalion Sharp Shooters; a pass allowing Mrs. Anna M. Chambers to cross the lines with a hat box and carpet bag; and a memorandum sent to Gen. Joseph Wheeler, concerning  personal items taken from the body of Mead following his death at Resaca, Ga., 1864.","Some letters and notes about the genealogy of the Mead family","Photographs identified as Lieutenant William Zachariah Mead, Fannie Chalmers, and Marion Kollock.","Includes article about Bishop Whipple sermon supporting Indigenous persons; article about James Freeman Clarke, other obituaries, and various miscellaneous items including a football game at Pantops Academy.","John Greenleaf Whittier \"The Singer\" from the Atlantic Monthly, devotional prayers, and miscellaneous","Article Isaac McLellan, Sunday School brochures, advertisement for the Rockbridge Baths, Liturgy of the Holy Eucharist by N. W. Camp, and religious printed materials.","Certificate of Distinction from La Fourches School, Keswick, Virginia for Henry B. Mead; Anna Maria Chalmers marriage certificate; and Kappa Alpha In Universitate Virginiae broadside."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":140,"online_item_count_is":1,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:45:23.850Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1222","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1222","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1222","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1222","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1222.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/136685","title_filing_ssi":"Chalmers, Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead papers","title_ssm":["Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers family papers"],"title_tesim":["Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers family papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1821-1897"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1821-1897"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 4966","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival 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Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource 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Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1222","Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers family papers","United States History Revolution, 1775-1783 Personal narratives","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives","women--education -- Virginia","Enslavers","United States -- History -- War of 1812","University of Virginia -- History","Enslaved laborers","enslaved persons","University of Virginia -- Faculty","letters (correspondence)","human hair","University of Virginia--Students--Correspondence","Fair to good.","The collection is open for research use.","The collection is arranged into fifteen series: 1.William and Sarah Hull papers, 2.Otis Mead Chalmers family correspondence, 3.Anna Maria Mead Chalmers correspondence, 4.Clarke family correspondence, 5. Anna Maria Mead Chalmers business papers, 6. Enslavery, 7. United States Civil War, 8. Financial papers, 9.Diaries and daybooks, 10. Genealogy, 11. Hair collection, 12. Miscellaneous first telegraph of morse code, 13.Photographs 14. Printed items  15.Poetry \u0026 writings","Under Series 1. William and Sarah Hull papers includes letters about  filing a claim in support of General Hull. Information about the claim can also be found throughout the family correspondence in the collection.","There are letters from the family and others about General Hull's claim throughout the correspondence in the collection.","Othello Tillo Freeman (1) was enslaved by General William Hull before or at the turn of the nineteenth century. He moved with Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hickman (1787-1847), daughter of General William Hull, from Newton, Massachusetts to Richmond, Virginia in 1838 and continued to be enslaved by the Mead Chalmers family until his death, which may have been in the 1860's. Sam had escaped from an enslaver in Louisiana and worked on the Hull farm for the last thirty years of his life [1800's to 1830's]. Jordan is described as hired out in a letter from Thomas R. Blair dated September 8, 1841. ","Anna Maria Chalmers was the granddaughter of General William Hull (1753-1825) who recollects the memories of Tillo and Sam on her grandparents farm. She was a mother of four children and became a businesswoman in Richmond, Virginia. She was a writer, an editor of the  Southern Churchmen , an educator and founder of Mrs. Mead's School for Young Ladies, and a director of The Southern Churchmen Cot (\"Retreat for the Sick\") a hospital for children. She wrote articles for the  Boston Home Journal , the  New York Tribune , and the  Southern Literary Messenger","Her mother was Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hull Hickman and her father was Harris H. Hickman who served as a captain in the War of 1812 and the United States Navy, and died in 1824 in St. Thomas, South America. Her grandparents General William and Sarah Fuller Hull helped raise her in Newton, Massachusetts. She attended William B. Fowle's school in Boston (2) and after her father and grandparents died, she lived with her Uncle Edward and Aunt Maria Campbell, who ran a school in Marietta, Georgia. Her sister Louisa \"Louly\" Hickman Smith was a published poet who died as a young mother aged 21, in 1832 leaving a husband, Samuel Jenks Smith and their two children. ","Anna Maria Mead Chalmers survived three husbands, George Alexander Otis (1803-1831), Zachariah Mead (1800-1840), and David Chalmers (1779?-1875?), and had three sons, living during the American Civil War, George Alexander Otis, Jr. (1830-1881) who was a field surgeon in the Massachusetts 27th volunteers and assistant surgeon general of the army,  William Zachariah Mead, (1838-1864) who fought at Murfreesboro and died fighting for the Tennessee Army in the Confederacy in the Battle of Resaca, Georgia, and Edward C. Mead (1837-1908) who traveled to Australia in search of financial independence with a stint in gold digging, and settled on a farm in Keswick, Virginia.","Anna Maria's first husband, George Otis was a young lawyer who died from consumption one year after their marriage in 1831. Their first and only son was Dr. George Alexander Otis. Zachariah Mead, her second husband was a reverend at the Grace Episcopal Church in Cismont, Virginia, an assistant clergyman at Monumental, Saint James's, and Saint John's Episcopal Churches in Richmond and the editor of the  Southern Churchmen  also in Richmond, Virginia. They had two sons Edward, and William, and a daughter Louisa who died as a child. She married a third time in 1856 to David Chalmers who was a plantation owner in News Ferry, (Halifax) Virginia. He enslaved people, and educated African Americans at his school. The collection does not mention the school by name and no further details were found in the papers.","In 1881, after her son Dr. George Otis died, Mrs. Chalmers moved in with her son Edward Mead on his farm in Keswick. They were close friends with many prominent Charlottesville families including Peter and Frances (\"Fannie\") Meriwether, Frances Poindexter, Rector, and Mrs. Ebenezer Boyd, William Cabell Rives, Franklin Minor, Thomas Walker Gilmer and Elizabeth Anderson Gilmer, and Dr. Mann Page. William Mead attended the University of Virginia and met with many of the University of Virginia's earliest professors including Basil L. Gildersleeve, Gessner Harrison, Socrates Maupin, John Minor, Schele De Vere, James L. Cabell, Frederick George Holmes, and Alfred T. Bledsoe.","Her grandfather, General William Hull was born in Derby, Connecticut in 1753 and moved to Detroit Michigan when his government work which involved the taking of land from indigenous persons led him to become the Governor of the Territory of Michigan and the commander of the Army of the Northwest Territory during the War of 1812. He was appointed by Thomas Jefferson and was a friend of General Lafayette. After being unsuccessful in fighting off the Canadians, (however claiming that the government did not give him the resources to defend Michigan) he was court-martialed by James Madison who later commuted his sentence. (3) He died in 1825 in Newton, Massachusetts. He was married to Sarah Fuller Hull. Their children were Nancy Ann Binney Hickman, Sarah McKesson (1783-1810), Maria Campbell (1788-1845) Abraham Fuller Hull (1786-1814), Rebecca Parker Clarke (1790-1865), Caroline Hull (1793-1824), Julia Knox Wheeler (1799-1842), Eliza McClellan (1784-1864), and Cornelia Page.","Sources:","1. Hurd, D. Hamilton. \"History of Middlesex County Massachusetts with Biographical Sketches of Many of Its Pioneers and Prominent Men\" Volume III. Philadelphia:J. W. Lewis and Company. 1890.\nhttps://books.google.com/books?id=mZU6AQAAIAAJ\u0026pg=PA33\u0026lpg=PA33\u0026dq=othello+%22tillo%22+freeman\u0026source=bl\u0026ots=4_Drct_uRZ\u0026sig=ACfU3U21FUtYLt8aQ7PklsGdRfOnEJ09RQ\u0026hl=en\u0026sa=X\u0026ved=2ahUKEwjRqtK1sYr5AhV0EFkFHRYkAg0Q6AF6BAgdEAM#v=onepage\u0026q=othello%20%22tillo%22%20freeman\u0026f=false","\n2.\tDuval, Maria Pendleton. \"The Lengthened Shadow of a Woman\" Richmond Times Dispatch. August 10, 1913 (Description of Anna Maria Mead Chalmers education in William B. Fowle's school as being the best in Boston and Mrs Chalmer's school as being up to the standards of Harvard) From the collection.","\n3.\t\"William Hull\" Detroit Historical Society. Detroit Encyclopedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. \nhttps://detroithistorical.org/learn/encyclopedia-of-detroit/hull-william","\nOther articles of interest \nMartin, Susan. \"The Unstoppable Anna Maria Mead Chalmers\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. June 7, 2022. https://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2015/03/the-unstoppable-anna-maria-mead-chalmers/","Lock of hair belonging to Sarah Louisa P. (Hickman) Smith who was the sister of Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers. Louisa was born in 1811 and died at age 20 from illness. Her husband, Samuel Jenks Smith published a book of her poems in 1829. They had two children.","Annie McLellan may have been a cousin of Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers","The papers of Anna Maria (Campbell Hickman) Otis Mead Chalmers (1809-1891) and her family offer a deep look into a 19th century American family with a sharp focus on enslaved and formerly enslaved persons. The collection documents the life of a young, widowed woman, Anna Maria Mead Chalmers, who was the granddaughter of General William Hull (1753-1825). She was a mother of four children and became a businesswoman in Richmond, Virginia. She was a writer, an editor of the Southern Churchmen, an educator and founder of Mrs. Mead's School for Young Ladies, and a director of The Southern Churchmen Cot (\"Retreat for the Sick\"), a hospital for children. Anna Maria's family enslaved people who are represented in the papers including Othello \"Tillo\" Freeman (1790's-1860's?). It includes a letter from William written in [1875], who was their carriage driver, and letters about Sam the fiddler, who settled on the farm after escaping harsher enslavement in Louisianna, and Jordan who was described as being hired out in a letter dated September 8, 1841 from Thomas R. Blair.","In the correspondence of the Mead-Chalmers family, are letters describing Othello Tillo Freeman. There is also a will of Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hull Hickman (1787-1847), mother of Anna Maria Chalmers, that left a stipulation providing room and board for Tillo. ","Letters also show that the family inquired about slave laws for travelling so that they could bring Tillo with them when they moved from Newton, Massachusetts to Richmond, Virginia in 1838. The family is characterized as being kind to enslaved persons by providing for them and educating them however this description does not take into consideration that they never had the opportunities that existed for free white men. ","There is also a leather-bound account book with the first names of enslaved persons.  It is not clear who owns the book or the location of the enslaved persons, but it has an extensive list of first names and dates from 1767 to 1845. Also included in the account book are records for horses and business transactions. "," The letters from William C. Mead (son of Anna Maria Chalmers) and his friends and family describe skirmishes and battles in the Civil War including Murfreesboro, Tennessee and Resaca, Georgia. Included in the collection are letters about succession and anxiety about the conflict between the states. Also included is a carte de visite of Lieutenant William Mead, n.d.; a testimony to the gallantry of William L. Mead signed by J.E.B. Stuart; an oath of allegiance to the Confederacy; a map of Chattanooga \u0026 Environs November 15, 1863; a notice that William Z. Mead has been appointed 1st Lieutenant, 1st Battalion Sharp Shooters; a pass allowing Mrs. Anna Maria Chambers to cross the lines with a hat box and carpet bag; and a memorandum sent to General Joseph Wheeler, concerning  personal items taken from the body of Lieutenant William Mead following his death at Resaca, Georgia in 1864.","William Mead graduated from the University of Virginia in 1857 before the Civil War began. The collection has many references to Charlottesville and the University of Virginia, including comments about university professors Basil L. Gildersleeve, Gessner Harrison, Socrates Maupin, John Minor, Schele De Vere, James L. Cabell, Frederick George Holmes, and Alfred T. Bledsoe. Charlottesville families include Peter and Frances (\"Fannie\") Meriwether, Frances Poindexter, Rector, and Mrs. Ebenezer Boyd, William Cabell Rives, Franklin Minor, Thomas Walker Gilmer and Elizabeth Anderson Gilmer, and Dr. Mann Page.","Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers was extraordinary in having been as well educated as any man in Boston (1) and was able to share her knowledge with other privileged young white girls through her school, including Amélie Rives Troubetzkoy, the famous writer.The collection includes examination questions,correspondence about the school and a newspaper article in the   The Richmond Times Dispatch  dated August 10, 1913 describing Mrs. Mead Chalmers. There are also handwritten poems, short stories, and miscellaneous writings in the collection, including an essay on \"Virginia Before and After the Civil War.\" ","The collection also includes correspondence from Anna Maria Mead Chalmer's cousins, Samuel Clarke,James Freeman Clarke (1810-1888) and his sister, Sarah Ann Freeman Clarke (1808-1896). Sarah Clarke was a landscape artist, a world traveler, and a member of the transcendentalist movement.(2) James Clarke was an American theologian, author, and abolitionist.(3) Mrs. Mead Chalmers and her cousins were friends with literary authors including Edgar Allan Poe, Nathaniel P. Willis, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and Oliver Wendell Holmes.The letters refer to these individuals but there is no correspondence with them.","Unrelated to anything else in the collection, is a miscellaneous item which is a specimen of the first telegraphic writing made on the first telegraph in this country by Professor Morse in 1847.","\nAlso of interest in the collection are letters about General William Hull (1753-1825) who fought in the American Revolutionary War and the War of 1812. His work with the government involved taking land from indigenous persons. In the end, he was charged by the government of not properly defending Detroit in the War of 1812, but President James Madison commuted his sentence.(4) For years, the family and descendants refuted the charges and filed a claim to receive his backpay. In contrast to General Hull's work with the government, is a newspaper clipping of a sermon by Bishop Henry Benjamin Whipple (1822-1901) printed in 1876 which displays Whipple's outrage at the United States government for taking lands from indigenous persons.","From the taking away of the  lands of indigenous persons, to enslavement of African Americans, to a widowed woman trying to earn a living in the nineteenth century, with history about the War of 1812 and the American Civil War, as well as politics, religion, transcendentalism, local Charlottesville history and professors at the University of Virginia, this is a collection of letters rich in history that shows the inner workings of government, society, and people and its effects on everyday life. Collections like these help us to envision our collective past and broaden our perspective on our history and our future. This one is worth a deep dive into the history of the nineteenth century locally and nationally.","Sources:","1. Duval, Maria Pendleton. \"The Lengthened Shadow of a Woman\" Richmond Times Dispatch. August 10, 1913 (Description of Anna Maria Mead Chalmers education in William B. Fowle's school as being the best in Boston and Mrs Chalmer's school as being up to the standards of Harvard) ","2. Maas, Judith. \"Sarah Freeman Clarke: Artist, Traveler, Diarist\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. November 21, 2019  \nhttps://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2019/11/sarah-freeman-clarke-artist-traveler-diarist/ ","3.\"James Freeman Clarke.\" Wikipedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Freeman_Clarke","\n4. \"William Hull\" Detroit Historical Society. Detroit Encyclopedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://detroithistorical.org/learn/encyclopedia-of-detroit/hull-william","\nOther articles of interest \nMartin, Susan. \"The Unstoppable Anna Maria Mead Chalmers\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. June 7, 2022. https://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2015/03/the-unstoppable-anna-maria-mead-chalmers/","Included are comments about University of Virginia Professors Gessner Harrison, John B. Minor, Socrates Maupin, Basil L. Gildersleeve, Maximilan Schele De Vere, James Lawrence Cabell, and William Holmes McGuffey. Included is a letter from Professor Gildersleeve to Dr. George Otis, Jr. dated 1876. Dr. Otis was the first born son of Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers.","Condolences on the death of daughter Louisa and her mother Nancy Binney Hull Hickman.","Includes correspondence of Richard Gambill 1851-1856. There is also a letter from Thomas Walker Gilmer to Richard Gambill from 1833.","Other cousins may be included in this correspondence including McLellans and Clouds.","Samuel C. Clarke writes to his cousin Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers about his attitudes towards Freedmen after enslavement, and their working and living conditions.","Includes small broadside of Sarah Clark art exhibit","Letters about starting the school, procurement of teachers,letters from parents, and examinations.","Letters and notes about purchase of the newspaper and maintaining its operation.","Papers related to raising money and operating a charity hospital for children in Richmond, Virginia","\"The Lengthened Shadow\" of a Woman\" by Maria Pendleton Duval in the Ricmond Times Dispatch is a newspaper aticle about how Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers started Mrs. Mead's School for Young Ladies and how it influenced the opening of the Virginia Female Institute in Staunton, Virginia. Mrs Chalmers taught female students using the same curriculum as Harvard College.","Enslavement, letters from former enslaved people, and information about African American schools, and teaching African Americans to read the bible","Zachariah Mead (husband of Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers) writes a letter to his mother-in-law Nancy Binney \"Anne\" Hickman dated August 24, 1838 in which he describes to her the legislation required for bringing enslaved persons to another state. The family wants to move  from Newton, Massachusetts to Richmond, Virginia and take Othello \"Tillo\" Freeman with them.","Blair writes that the bond agreement was for him to keep Jordan until October when servants would be returning from the Springs, but he will return him if she needs his services.","In her last will and testament, \"I direct that my old servant Othello Freeman, be supported from my estate, in such manner as my said executrive, may think proper.\"","Letter from the Hickman's accountant, Joseph Bacon, that Othello \"Tillo\" Freeman,  who was enslaved by the Hull and Mead family, was removed from the Mclellan household (sister of \"Ann\" Nancy Binney Hickman) and was being boarded at Mr. White's. He writes that Tillo cannot do any work,is not well, and needs medical attention.  Mr. White wants more money to board and take care of him.","Includes unidentified letter to Anna Maria Mead Chalmers about her being honored as a teacher, and her treatment of \"Tillo\".","Mr. Potter says that he has heard good accounts of the school. No details are included.","A note signed \"Massing Bird\" to [Frances] E. Meriwether asking to buy a horse. His son has taken his horse so he needs to buy one.","Letter written by \"Old William\" who was the carriage driver for Mr. and Mrs. Chalmers. He writes to Mrs. Chalmers after the death of Mr. Chalmers about his fondness for them.","Letter from Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers describing her memories of her grandfather General William Hull to her cousin James Freeman Clarke. Mrs. Chalmers recollects that her grandfather required Othello \"Tillo\" Freeman who they enslaved to be present in Church.","One page argument for the Southern Planter's claim that they need the  Freedmen to labor their crops. Author unidentified, undated.","Correspondence of the Mead family, Meriwether family, George H. Geyer and others describing camp life, skirmishes and battles, and officers, including General Stonewall Jackson, General Longstreet, General Braggs, General McLellan, and General Grant","Includes a testimony to the gallantry of William L. Mead signed by J.E.B. Stuart; an oath of allegiance to the Confederacy; a map of Chattanooga \u0026 Environs November 15, 1863; a notice that William Z. Mead has been appointed 1st Lieut., 1st Battalion Sharp Shooters; a pass allowing Mrs. Anna M. Chambers to cross the lines with a hat box and carpet bag; and a memorandum sent to Gen. Joseph Wheeler, concerning  personal items taken from the body of Mead following his death at Resaca, Ga., 1864.","Some letters and notes about the genealogy of the Mead family","Photographs identified as Lieutenant William Zachariah Mead, Fannie Chalmers, and Marion Kollock.","Includes article about Bishop Whipple sermon supporting Indigenous persons; article about James Freeman Clarke, other obituaries, and various miscellaneous items including a football game at Pantops Academy.","John Greenleaf Whittier \"The Singer\" from the Atlantic Monthly, devotional prayers, and miscellaneous","Article Isaac McLellan, Sunday School brochures, advertisement for the Rockbridge Baths, Liturgy of the Holy Eucharist by N. W. Camp, and religious printed materials.","Certificate of Distinction from La Fourches School, Keswick, Virginia for Henry B. Mead; Anna Maria Chalmers marriage certificate; and Kappa Alpha In Universitate Virginiae broadside.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 4966","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1222"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers family papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers family papers"],"collection_ssim":["Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers family papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["United States History Revolution, 1775-1783 Personal narratives","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives","women--education -- Virginia","Enslavers","United States -- History -- War of 1812","University of Virginia -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["United States History Revolution, 1775-1783 Personal narratives","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives","women--education -- Virginia","Enslavers","United States -- History -- War of 1812","University of Virginia -- History"],"places_ssim":["United States History Revolution, 1775-1783 Personal narratives","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives","women--education -- Virginia","Enslavers","United States -- History -- War of 1812","University of Virginia -- History"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Part of this collection was a deposit from Ernest C. Mead on January 5, 1955 which became a gift in 1998, another gift from Ernest C. Mead on January 30, 2007, and in 2020. There was an additional gift from James Blizzard Mead on September 27, 2012 to the Small Special Collections library at the University of Virginia."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Enslaved laborers","enslaved persons","University of Virginia -- Faculty","letters (correspondence)","human hair","University of Virginia--Students--Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Enslaved laborers","enslaved persons","University of Virginia -- Faculty","letters (correspondence)","human hair","University of Virginia--Students--Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"physdesc_tesim":["Fair to good."],"extent_ssm":["4.5 Cubic Feet 9 document boxes"],"extent_tesim":["4.5 Cubic Feet 9 document boxes"],"physfacet_tesim":["9 legal size document boxes, 2 oversize documents and one oversize account book. (and 3 flat boxes in original collection)."],"genreform_ssim":["letters (correspondence)","human hair","University of Virginia--Students--Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into fifteen series: 1.William and Sarah Hull papers, 2.Otis Mead Chalmers family correspondence, 3.Anna Maria Mead Chalmers correspondence, 4.Clarke family correspondence, 5. Anna Maria Mead Chalmers business papers, 6. Enslavery, 7. United States Civil War, 8. Financial papers, 9.Diaries and daybooks, 10. Genealogy, 11. Hair collection, 12. Miscellaneous first telegraph of morse code, 13.Photographs 14. Printed items  15.Poetry \u0026amp; writings\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUnder Series 1. William and Sarah Hull papers includes letters about  filing a claim in support of General Hull. Information about the claim can also be found throughout the family correspondence in the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are letters from the family and others about General Hull's claim throughout the correspondence in the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement","Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into fifteen series: 1.William and Sarah Hull papers, 2.Otis Mead Chalmers family correspondence, 3.Anna Maria Mead Chalmers correspondence, 4.Clarke family correspondence, 5. Anna Maria Mead Chalmers business papers, 6. Enslavery, 7. United States Civil War, 8. Financial papers, 9.Diaries and daybooks, 10. Genealogy, 11. Hair collection, 12. Miscellaneous first telegraph of morse code, 13.Photographs 14. Printed items  15.Poetry \u0026 writings","Under Series 1. William and Sarah Hull papers includes letters about  filing a claim in support of General Hull. Information about the claim can also be found throughout the family correspondence in the collection.","There are letters from the family and others about General Hull's claim throughout the correspondence in the collection."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOthello Tillo Freeman (1) was enslaved by General William Hull before or at the turn of the nineteenth century. He moved with Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hickman (1787-1847), daughter of General William Hull, from Newton, Massachusetts to Richmond, Virginia in 1838 and continued to be enslaved by the Mead Chalmers family until his death, which may have been in the 1860's. Sam had escaped from an enslaver in Louisiana and worked on the Hull farm for the last thirty years of his life [1800's to 1830's]. Jordan is described as hired out in a letter from Thomas R. Blair dated September 8, 1841. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAnna Maria Chalmers was the granddaughter of General William Hull (1753-1825) who recollects the memories of Tillo and Sam on her grandparents farm. She was a mother of four children and became a businesswoman in Richmond, Virginia. She was a writer, an editor of the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSouthern Churchmen\u003c/emph\u003e, an educator and founder of Mrs. Mead's School for Young Ladies, and a director of The Southern Churchmen Cot (\"Retreat for the Sick\") a hospital for children. She wrote articles for the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBoston Home Journal\u003c/emph\u003e, the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eNew York Tribune\u003c/emph\u003e, and the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSouthern Literary Messenger\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHer mother was Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hull Hickman and her father was Harris H. Hickman who served as a captain in the War of 1812 and the United States Navy, and died in 1824 in St. Thomas, South America. Her grandparents General William and Sarah Fuller Hull helped raise her in Newton, Massachusetts. She attended William B. Fowle's school in Boston (2) and after her father and grandparents died, she lived with her Uncle Edward and Aunt Maria Campbell, who ran a school in Marietta, Georgia. Her sister Louisa \"Louly\" Hickman Smith was a published poet who died as a young mother aged 21, in 1832 leaving a husband, Samuel Jenks Smith and their two children. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAnna Maria Mead Chalmers survived three husbands, George Alexander Otis (1803-1831), Zachariah Mead (1800-1840), and David Chalmers (1779?-1875?), and had three sons, living during the American Civil War, George Alexander Otis, Jr. (1830-1881) who was a field surgeon in the Massachusetts 27th volunteers and assistant surgeon general of the army,  William Zachariah Mead, (1838-1864) who fought at Murfreesboro and died fighting for the Tennessee Army in the Confederacy in the Battle of Resaca, Georgia, and Edward C. Mead (1837-1908) who traveled to Australia in search of financial independence with a stint in gold digging, and settled on a farm in Keswick, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAnna Maria's first husband, George Otis was a young lawyer who died from consumption one year after their marriage in 1831. Their first and only son was Dr. George Alexander Otis. Zachariah Mead, her second husband was a reverend at the Grace Episcopal Church in Cismont, Virginia, an assistant clergyman at Monumental, Saint James's, and Saint John's Episcopal Churches in Richmond and the editor of the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSouthern Churchmen\u003c/emph\u003e also in Richmond, Virginia. They had two sons Edward, and William, and a daughter Louisa who died as a child. She married a third time in 1856 to David Chalmers who was a plantation owner in News Ferry, (Halifax) Virginia. He enslaved people, and educated African Americans at his school. The collection does not mention the school by name and no further details were found in the papers.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1881, after her son Dr. George Otis died, Mrs. Chalmers moved in with her son Edward Mead on his farm in Keswick. They were close friends with many prominent Charlottesville families including Peter and Frances (\"Fannie\") Meriwether, Frances Poindexter, Rector, and Mrs. Ebenezer Boyd, William Cabell Rives, Franklin Minor, Thomas Walker Gilmer and Elizabeth Anderson Gilmer, and Dr. Mann Page. William Mead attended the University of Virginia and met with many of the University of Virginia's earliest professors including Basil L. Gildersleeve, Gessner Harrison, Socrates Maupin, John Minor, Schele De Vere, James L. Cabell, Frederick George Holmes, and Alfred T. Bledsoe.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHer grandfather, General William Hull was born in Derby, Connecticut in 1753 and moved to Detroit Michigan when his government work which involved the taking of land from indigenous persons led him to become the Governor of the Territory of Michigan and the commander of the Army of the Northwest Territory during the War of 1812. He was appointed by Thomas Jefferson and was a friend of General Lafayette. After being unsuccessful in fighting off the Canadians, (however claiming that the government did not give him the resources to defend Michigan) he was court-martialed by James Madison who later commuted his sentence. (3) He died in 1825 in Newton, Massachusetts. He was married to Sarah Fuller Hull. Their children were Nancy Ann Binney Hickman, Sarah McKesson (1783-1810), Maria Campbell (1788-1845) Abraham Fuller Hull (1786-1814), Rebecca Parker Clarke (1790-1865), Caroline Hull (1793-1824), Julia Knox Wheeler (1799-1842), Eliza McClellan (1784-1864), and Cornelia Page.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSources:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1. Hurd, D. Hamilton. \"History of Middlesex County Massachusetts with Biographical Sketches of Many of Its Pioneers and Prominent Men\" Volume III. Philadelphia:J. W. Lewis and Company. 1890.\nhttps://books.google.com/books?id=mZU6AQAAIAAJ\u0026amp;pg=PA33\u0026amp;lpg=PA33\u0026amp;dq=othello+%22tillo%22+freeman\u0026amp;source=bl\u0026amp;ots=4_Drct_uRZ\u0026amp;sig=ACfU3U21FUtYLt8aQ7PklsGdRfOnEJ09RQ\u0026amp;hl=en\u0026amp;sa=X\u0026amp;ved=2ahUKEwjRqtK1sYr5AhV0EFkFHRYkAg0Q6AF6BAgdEAM#v=onepage\u0026amp;q=othello%20%22tillo%22%20freeman\u0026amp;f=false\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n2.\tDuval, Maria Pendleton. \"The Lengthened Shadow of a Woman\" Richmond Times Dispatch. August 10, 1913 (Description of Anna Maria Mead Chalmers education in William B. Fowle's school as being the best in Boston and Mrs Chalmer's school as being up to the standards of Harvard) From the collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n3.\t\"William Hull\" Detroit Historical Society. Detroit Encyclopedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. \nhttps://detroithistorical.org/learn/encyclopedia-of-detroit/hull-william\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nOther articles of interest \nMartin, Susan. \"The Unstoppable Anna Maria Mead Chalmers\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. June 7, 2022. https://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2015/03/the-unstoppable-anna-maria-mead-chalmers/\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLock of hair belonging to Sarah Louisa P. (Hickman) Smith who was the sister of Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers. Louisa was born in 1811 and died at age 20 from illness. Her husband, Samuel Jenks Smith published a book of her poems in 1829. They had two children.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAnnie McLellan may have been a cousin of Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Othello Tillo Freeman (1) was enslaved by General William Hull before or at the turn of the nineteenth century. He moved with Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hickman (1787-1847), daughter of General William Hull, from Newton, Massachusetts to Richmond, Virginia in 1838 and continued to be enslaved by the Mead Chalmers family until his death, which may have been in the 1860's. Sam had escaped from an enslaver in Louisiana and worked on the Hull farm for the last thirty years of his life [1800's to 1830's]. Jordan is described as hired out in a letter from Thomas R. Blair dated September 8, 1841. ","Anna Maria Chalmers was the granddaughter of General William Hull (1753-1825) who recollects the memories of Tillo and Sam on her grandparents farm. She was a mother of four children and became a businesswoman in Richmond, Virginia. She was a writer, an editor of the  Southern Churchmen , an educator and founder of Mrs. Mead's School for Young Ladies, and a director of The Southern Churchmen Cot (\"Retreat for the Sick\") a hospital for children. She wrote articles for the  Boston Home Journal , the  New York Tribune , and the  Southern Literary Messenger","Her mother was Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hull Hickman and her father was Harris H. Hickman who served as a captain in the War of 1812 and the United States Navy, and died in 1824 in St. Thomas, South America. Her grandparents General William and Sarah Fuller Hull helped raise her in Newton, Massachusetts. She attended William B. Fowle's school in Boston (2) and after her father and grandparents died, she lived with her Uncle Edward and Aunt Maria Campbell, who ran a school in Marietta, Georgia. Her sister Louisa \"Louly\" Hickman Smith was a published poet who died as a young mother aged 21, in 1832 leaving a husband, Samuel Jenks Smith and their two children. ","Anna Maria Mead Chalmers survived three husbands, George Alexander Otis (1803-1831), Zachariah Mead (1800-1840), and David Chalmers (1779?-1875?), and had three sons, living during the American Civil War, George Alexander Otis, Jr. (1830-1881) who was a field surgeon in the Massachusetts 27th volunteers and assistant surgeon general of the army,  William Zachariah Mead, (1838-1864) who fought at Murfreesboro and died fighting for the Tennessee Army in the Confederacy in the Battle of Resaca, Georgia, and Edward C. Mead (1837-1908) who traveled to Australia in search of financial independence with a stint in gold digging, and settled on a farm in Keswick, Virginia.","Anna Maria's first husband, George Otis was a young lawyer who died from consumption one year after their marriage in 1831. Their first and only son was Dr. George Alexander Otis. Zachariah Mead, her second husband was a reverend at the Grace Episcopal Church in Cismont, Virginia, an assistant clergyman at Monumental, Saint James's, and Saint John's Episcopal Churches in Richmond and the editor of the  Southern Churchmen  also in Richmond, Virginia. They had two sons Edward, and William, and a daughter Louisa who died as a child. She married a third time in 1856 to David Chalmers who was a plantation owner in News Ferry, (Halifax) Virginia. He enslaved people, and educated African Americans at his school. The collection does not mention the school by name and no further details were found in the papers.","In 1881, after her son Dr. George Otis died, Mrs. Chalmers moved in with her son Edward Mead on his farm in Keswick. They were close friends with many prominent Charlottesville families including Peter and Frances (\"Fannie\") Meriwether, Frances Poindexter, Rector, and Mrs. Ebenezer Boyd, William Cabell Rives, Franklin Minor, Thomas Walker Gilmer and Elizabeth Anderson Gilmer, and Dr. Mann Page. William Mead attended the University of Virginia and met with many of the University of Virginia's earliest professors including Basil L. Gildersleeve, Gessner Harrison, Socrates Maupin, John Minor, Schele De Vere, James L. Cabell, Frederick George Holmes, and Alfred T. Bledsoe.","Her grandfather, General William Hull was born in Derby, Connecticut in 1753 and moved to Detroit Michigan when his government work which involved the taking of land from indigenous persons led him to become the Governor of the Territory of Michigan and the commander of the Army of the Northwest Territory during the War of 1812. He was appointed by Thomas Jefferson and was a friend of General Lafayette. After being unsuccessful in fighting off the Canadians, (however claiming that the government did not give him the resources to defend Michigan) he was court-martialed by James Madison who later commuted his sentence. (3) He died in 1825 in Newton, Massachusetts. He was married to Sarah Fuller Hull. Their children were Nancy Ann Binney Hickman, Sarah McKesson (1783-1810), Maria Campbell (1788-1845) Abraham Fuller Hull (1786-1814), Rebecca Parker Clarke (1790-1865), Caroline Hull (1793-1824), Julia Knox Wheeler (1799-1842), Eliza McClellan (1784-1864), and Cornelia Page.","Sources:","1. Hurd, D. Hamilton. \"History of Middlesex County Massachusetts with Biographical Sketches of Many of Its Pioneers and Prominent Men\" Volume III. Philadelphia:J. W. Lewis and Company. 1890.\nhttps://books.google.com/books?id=mZU6AQAAIAAJ\u0026pg=PA33\u0026lpg=PA33\u0026dq=othello+%22tillo%22+freeman\u0026source=bl\u0026ots=4_Drct_uRZ\u0026sig=ACfU3U21FUtYLt8aQ7PklsGdRfOnEJ09RQ\u0026hl=en\u0026sa=X\u0026ved=2ahUKEwjRqtK1sYr5AhV0EFkFHRYkAg0Q6AF6BAgdEAM#v=onepage\u0026q=othello%20%22tillo%22%20freeman\u0026f=false","\n2.\tDuval, Maria Pendleton. \"The Lengthened Shadow of a Woman\" Richmond Times Dispatch. August 10, 1913 (Description of Anna Maria Mead Chalmers education in William B. Fowle's school as being the best in Boston and Mrs Chalmer's school as being up to the standards of Harvard) From the collection.","\n3.\t\"William Hull\" Detroit Historical Society. Detroit Encyclopedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. \nhttps://detroithistorical.org/learn/encyclopedia-of-detroit/hull-william","\nOther articles of interest \nMartin, Susan. \"The Unstoppable Anna Maria Mead Chalmers\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. June 7, 2022. https://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2015/03/the-unstoppable-anna-maria-mead-chalmers/","Lock of hair belonging to Sarah Louisa P. (Hickman) Smith who was the sister of Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers. Louisa was born in 1811 and died at age 20 from illness. Her husband, Samuel Jenks Smith published a book of her poems in 1829. They had two children.","Annie McLellan may have been a cousin of Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 4966, Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 4966, Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers of Anna Maria (Campbell Hickman) Otis Mead Chalmers (1809-1891) and her family offer a deep look into a 19th century American family with a sharp focus on enslaved and formerly enslaved persons. The collection documents the life of a young, widowed woman, Anna Maria Mead Chalmers, who was the granddaughter of General William Hull (1753-1825). She was a mother of four children and became a businesswoman in Richmond, Virginia. She was a writer, an editor of the Southern Churchmen, an educator and founder of Mrs. Mead's School for Young Ladies, and a director of The Southern Churchmen Cot (\"Retreat for the Sick\"), a hospital for children. Anna Maria's family enslaved people who are represented in the papers including Othello \"Tillo\" Freeman (1790's-1860's?). It includes a letter from William written in [1875], who was their carriage driver, and letters about Sam the fiddler, who settled on the farm after escaping harsher enslavement in Louisianna, and Jordan who was described as being hired out in a letter dated September 8, 1841 from Thomas R. Blair.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn the correspondence of the Mead-Chalmers family, are letters describing Othello Tillo Freeman. There is also a will of Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hull Hickman (1787-1847), mother of Anna Maria Chalmers, that left a stipulation providing room and board for Tillo. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLetters also show that the family inquired about slave laws for travelling so that they could bring Tillo with them when they moved from Newton, Massachusetts to Richmond, Virginia in 1838. The family is characterized as being kind to enslaved persons by providing for them and educating them however this description does not take into consideration that they never had the opportunities that existed for free white men. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere is also a leather-bound account book with the first names of enslaved persons.  It is not clear who owns the book or the location of the enslaved persons, but it has an extensive list of first names and dates from 1767 to 1845. Also included in the account book are records for horses and business transactions. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The letters from William C. Mead (son of Anna Maria Chalmers) and his friends and family describe skirmishes and battles in the Civil War including Murfreesboro, Tennessee and Resaca, Georgia. Included in the collection are letters about succession and anxiety about the conflict between the states. Also included is a carte de visite of Lieutenant William Mead, n.d.; a testimony to the gallantry of William L. Mead signed by J.E.B. Stuart; an oath of allegiance to the Confederacy; a map of Chattanooga \u0026amp; Environs November 15, 1863; a notice that William Z. Mead has been appointed 1st Lieutenant, 1st Battalion Sharp Shooters; a pass allowing Mrs. Anna Maria Chambers to cross the lines with a hat box and carpet bag; and a memorandum sent to General Joseph Wheeler, concerning  personal items taken from the body of Lieutenant William Mead following his death at Resaca, Georgia in 1864.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam Mead graduated from the University of Virginia in 1857 before the Civil War began. The collection has many references to Charlottesville and the University of Virginia, including comments about university professors Basil L. Gildersleeve, Gessner Harrison, Socrates Maupin, John Minor, Schele De Vere, James L. Cabell, Frederick George Holmes, and Alfred T. Bledsoe. Charlottesville families include Peter and Frances (\"Fannie\") Meriwether, Frances Poindexter, Rector, and Mrs. Ebenezer Boyd, William Cabell Rives, Franklin Minor, Thomas Walker Gilmer and Elizabeth Anderson Gilmer, and Dr. Mann Page.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAnna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers was extraordinary in having been as well educated as any man in Boston (1) and was able to share her knowledge with other privileged young white girls through her school, including Amélie Rives Troubetzkoy, the famous writer.The collection includes examination questions,correspondence about the school and a newspaper article in the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003e The Richmond Times Dispatch\u003c/emph\u003e dated August 10, 1913 describing Mrs. Mead Chalmers. There are also handwritten poems, short stories, and miscellaneous writings in the collection, including an essay on \"Virginia Before and After the Civil War.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also includes correspondence from Anna Maria Mead Chalmer's cousins, Samuel Clarke,James Freeman Clarke (1810-1888) and his sister, Sarah Ann Freeman Clarke (1808-1896). Sarah Clarke was a landscape artist, a world traveler, and a member of the transcendentalist movement.(2) James Clarke was an American theologian, author, and abolitionist.(3) Mrs. Mead Chalmers and her cousins were friends with literary authors including Edgar Allan Poe, Nathaniel P. Willis, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and Oliver Wendell Holmes.The letters refer to these individuals but there is no correspondence with them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUnrelated to anything else in the collection, is a miscellaneous item which is a specimen of the first telegraphic writing made on the first telegraph in this country by Professor Morse in 1847.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nAlso of interest in the collection are letters about General William Hull (1753-1825) who fought in the American Revolutionary War and the War of 1812. His work with the government involved taking land from indigenous persons. In the end, he was charged by the government of not properly defending Detroit in the War of 1812, but President James Madison commuted his sentence.(4) For years, the family and descendants refuted the charges and filed a claim to receive his backpay. In contrast to General Hull's work with the government, is a newspaper clipping of a sermon by Bishop Henry Benjamin Whipple (1822-1901) printed in 1876 which displays Whipple's outrage at the United States government for taking lands from indigenous persons.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFrom the taking away of the  lands of indigenous persons, to enslavement of African Americans, to a widowed woman trying to earn a living in the nineteenth century, with history about the War of 1812 and the American Civil War, as well as politics, religion, transcendentalism, local Charlottesville history and professors at the University of Virginia, this is a collection of letters rich in history that shows the inner workings of government, society, and people and its effects on everyday life. Collections like these help us to envision our collective past and broaden our perspective on our history and our future. This one is worth a deep dive into the history of the nineteenth century locally and nationally.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSources:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1. Duval, Maria Pendleton. \"The Lengthened Shadow of a Woman\" Richmond Times Dispatch. August 10, 1913 (Description of Anna Maria Mead Chalmers education in William B. Fowle's school as being the best in Boston and Mrs Chalmer's school as being up to the standards of Harvard) \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2. Maas, Judith. \"Sarah Freeman Clarke: Artist, Traveler, Diarist\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. November 21, 2019  \nhttps://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2019/11/sarah-freeman-clarke-artist-traveler-diarist/ \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e3.\"James Freeman Clarke.\" Wikipedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Freeman_Clarke\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n4. \"William Hull\" Detroit Historical Society. Detroit Encyclopedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://detroithistorical.org/learn/encyclopedia-of-detroit/hull-william\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nOther articles of interest \nMartin, Susan. \"The Unstoppable Anna Maria Mead Chalmers\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. June 7, 2022. https://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2015/03/the-unstoppable-anna-maria-mead-chalmers/\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are comments about University of Virginia Professors Gessner Harrison, John B. Minor, Socrates Maupin, Basil L. Gildersleeve, Maximilan Schele De Vere, James Lawrence Cabell, and William Holmes McGuffey. Included is a letter from Professor Gildersleeve to Dr. George Otis, Jr. dated 1876. Dr. Otis was the first born son of Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCondolences on the death of daughter Louisa and her mother Nancy Binney Hull Hickman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes correspondence of Richard Gambill 1851-1856. There is also a letter from Thomas Walker Gilmer to Richard Gambill from 1833.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOther cousins may be included in this correspondence including McLellans and Clouds.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSamuel C. Clarke writes to his cousin Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers about his attitudes towards Freedmen after enslavement, and their working and living conditions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes small broadside of Sarah Clark art exhibit\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters about starting the school, procurement of teachers,letters from parents, and examinations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters and notes about purchase of the newspaper and maintaining its operation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePapers related to raising money and operating a charity hospital for children in Richmond, Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"The Lengthened Shadow\" of a Woman\" by Maria Pendleton Duval in the Ricmond Times Dispatch is a newspaper aticle about how Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers started Mrs. Mead's School for Young Ladies and how it influenced the opening of the Virginia Female Institute in Staunton, Virginia. Mrs Chalmers taught female students using the same curriculum as Harvard College.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnslavement, letters from former enslaved people, and information about African American schools, and teaching African Americans to read the bible\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eZachariah Mead (husband of Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers) writes a letter to his mother-in-law Nancy Binney \"Anne\" Hickman dated August 24, 1838 in which he describes to her the legislation required for bringing enslaved persons to another state. The family wants to move  from Newton, Massachusetts to Richmond, Virginia and take Othello \"Tillo\" Freeman with them.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlair writes that the bond agreement was for him to keep Jordan until October when servants would be returning from the Springs, but he will return him if she needs his services.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn her last will and testament, \"I direct that my old servant Othello Freeman, be supported from my estate, in such manner as my said executrive, may think proper.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter from the Hickman's accountant, Joseph Bacon, that Othello \"Tillo\" Freeman,  who was enslaved by the Hull and Mead family, was removed from the Mclellan household (sister of \"Ann\" Nancy Binney Hickman) and was being boarded at Mr. White's. He writes that Tillo cannot do any work,is not well, and needs medical attention.  Mr. White wants more money to board and take care of him.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes unidentified letter to Anna Maria Mead Chalmers about her being honored as a teacher, and her treatment of \"Tillo\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMr. Potter says that he has heard good accounts of the school. No details are included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA note signed \"Massing Bird\" to [Frances] E. Meriwether asking to buy a horse. His son has taken his horse so he needs to buy one.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter written by \"Old William\" who was the carriage driver for Mr. and Mrs. Chalmers. He writes to Mrs. Chalmers after the death of Mr. Chalmers about his fondness for them.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter from Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers describing her memories of her grandfather General William Hull to her cousin James Freeman Clarke. Mrs. Chalmers recollects that her grandfather required Othello \"Tillo\" Freeman who they enslaved to be present in Church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOne page argument for the Southern Planter's claim that they need the  Freedmen to labor their crops. Author unidentified, undated.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence of the Mead family, Meriwether family, George H. Geyer and others describing camp life, skirmishes and battles, and officers, including General Stonewall Jackson, General Longstreet, General Braggs, General McLellan, and General Grant\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a testimony to the gallantry of William L. Mead signed by J.E.B. Stuart; an oath of allegiance to the Confederacy; a map of Chattanooga \u0026amp; Environs November 15, 1863; a notice that William Z. Mead has been appointed 1st Lieut., 1st Battalion Sharp Shooters; a pass allowing Mrs. Anna M. Chambers to cross the lines with a hat box and carpet bag; and a memorandum sent to Gen. Joseph Wheeler, concerning  personal items taken from the body of Mead following his death at Resaca, Ga., 1864.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSome letters and notes about the genealogy of the Mead family\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs identified as Lieutenant William Zachariah Mead, Fannie Chalmers, and Marion Kollock.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes article about Bishop Whipple sermon supporting Indigenous persons; article about James Freeman Clarke, other obituaries, and various miscellaneous items including a football game at Pantops Academy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJohn Greenleaf Whittier \"The Singer\" from the Atlantic Monthly, devotional prayers, and miscellaneous\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArticle Isaac McLellan, Sunday School brochures, advertisement for the Rockbridge Baths, Liturgy of the Holy Eucharist by N. W. Camp, and religious printed materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCertificate of Distinction from La Fourches School, Keswick, Virginia for Henry B. Mead; Anna Maria Chalmers marriage certificate; and Kappa Alpha In Universitate Virginiae broadside.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The papers of Anna Maria (Campbell Hickman) Otis Mead Chalmers (1809-1891) and her family offer a deep look into a 19th century American family with a sharp focus on enslaved and formerly enslaved persons. The collection documents the life of a young, widowed woman, Anna Maria Mead Chalmers, who was the granddaughter of General William Hull (1753-1825). She was a mother of four children and became a businesswoman in Richmond, Virginia. She was a writer, an editor of the Southern Churchmen, an educator and founder of Mrs. Mead's School for Young Ladies, and a director of The Southern Churchmen Cot (\"Retreat for the Sick\"), a hospital for children. Anna Maria's family enslaved people who are represented in the papers including Othello \"Tillo\" Freeman (1790's-1860's?). It includes a letter from William written in [1875], who was their carriage driver, and letters about Sam the fiddler, who settled on the farm after escaping harsher enslavement in Louisianna, and Jordan who was described as being hired out in a letter dated September 8, 1841 from Thomas R. Blair.","In the correspondence of the Mead-Chalmers family, are letters describing Othello Tillo Freeman. There is also a will of Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hull Hickman (1787-1847), mother of Anna Maria Chalmers, that left a stipulation providing room and board for Tillo. ","Letters also show that the family inquired about slave laws for travelling so that they could bring Tillo with them when they moved from Newton, Massachusetts to Richmond, Virginia in 1838. The family is characterized as being kind to enslaved persons by providing for them and educating them however this description does not take into consideration that they never had the opportunities that existed for free white men. ","There is also a leather-bound account book with the first names of enslaved persons.  It is not clear who owns the book or the location of the enslaved persons, but it has an extensive list of first names and dates from 1767 to 1845. Also included in the account book are records for horses and business transactions. "," The letters from William C. Mead (son of Anna Maria Chalmers) and his friends and family describe skirmishes and battles in the Civil War including Murfreesboro, Tennessee and Resaca, Georgia. Included in the collection are letters about succession and anxiety about the conflict between the states. Also included is a carte de visite of Lieutenant William Mead, n.d.; a testimony to the gallantry of William L. Mead signed by J.E.B. Stuart; an oath of allegiance to the Confederacy; a map of Chattanooga \u0026 Environs November 15, 1863; a notice that William Z. Mead has been appointed 1st Lieutenant, 1st Battalion Sharp Shooters; a pass allowing Mrs. Anna Maria Chambers to cross the lines with a hat box and carpet bag; and a memorandum sent to General Joseph Wheeler, concerning  personal items taken from the body of Lieutenant William Mead following his death at Resaca, Georgia in 1864.","William Mead graduated from the University of Virginia in 1857 before the Civil War began. The collection has many references to Charlottesville and the University of Virginia, including comments about university professors Basil L. Gildersleeve, Gessner Harrison, Socrates Maupin, John Minor, Schele De Vere, James L. Cabell, Frederick George Holmes, and Alfred T. Bledsoe. Charlottesville families include Peter and Frances (\"Fannie\") Meriwether, Frances Poindexter, Rector, and Mrs. Ebenezer Boyd, William Cabell Rives, Franklin Minor, Thomas Walker Gilmer and Elizabeth Anderson Gilmer, and Dr. Mann Page.","Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers was extraordinary in having been as well educated as any man in Boston (1) and was able to share her knowledge with other privileged young white girls through her school, including Amélie Rives Troubetzkoy, the famous writer.The collection includes examination questions,correspondence about the school and a newspaper article in the   The Richmond Times Dispatch  dated August 10, 1913 describing Mrs. Mead Chalmers. There are also handwritten poems, short stories, and miscellaneous writings in the collection, including an essay on \"Virginia Before and After the Civil War.\" ","The collection also includes correspondence from Anna Maria Mead Chalmer's cousins, Samuel Clarke,James Freeman Clarke (1810-1888) and his sister, Sarah Ann Freeman Clarke (1808-1896). Sarah Clarke was a landscape artist, a world traveler, and a member of the transcendentalist movement.(2) James Clarke was an American theologian, author, and abolitionist.(3) Mrs. Mead Chalmers and her cousins were friends with literary authors including Edgar Allan Poe, Nathaniel P. Willis, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and Oliver Wendell Holmes.The letters refer to these individuals but there is no correspondence with them.","Unrelated to anything else in the collection, is a miscellaneous item which is a specimen of the first telegraphic writing made on the first telegraph in this country by Professor Morse in 1847.","\nAlso of interest in the collection are letters about General William Hull (1753-1825) who fought in the American Revolutionary War and the War of 1812. His work with the government involved taking land from indigenous persons. In the end, he was charged by the government of not properly defending Detroit in the War of 1812, but President James Madison commuted his sentence.(4) For years, the family and descendants refuted the charges and filed a claim to receive his backpay. In contrast to General Hull's work with the government, is a newspaper clipping of a sermon by Bishop Henry Benjamin Whipple (1822-1901) printed in 1876 which displays Whipple's outrage at the United States government for taking lands from indigenous persons.","From the taking away of the  lands of indigenous persons, to enslavement of African Americans, to a widowed woman trying to earn a living in the nineteenth century, with history about the War of 1812 and the American Civil War, as well as politics, religion, transcendentalism, local Charlottesville history and professors at the University of Virginia, this is a collection of letters rich in history that shows the inner workings of government, society, and people and its effects on everyday life. Collections like these help us to envision our collective past and broaden our perspective on our history and our future. This one is worth a deep dive into the history of the nineteenth century locally and nationally.","Sources:","1. Duval, Maria Pendleton. \"The Lengthened Shadow of a Woman\" Richmond Times Dispatch. August 10, 1913 (Description of Anna Maria Mead Chalmers education in William B. Fowle's school as being the best in Boston and Mrs Chalmer's school as being up to the standards of Harvard) ","2. Maas, Judith. \"Sarah Freeman Clarke: Artist, Traveler, Diarist\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. November 21, 2019  \nhttps://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2019/11/sarah-freeman-clarke-artist-traveler-diarist/ ","3.\"James Freeman Clarke.\" Wikipedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Freeman_Clarke","\n4. \"William Hull\" Detroit Historical Society. Detroit Encyclopedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://detroithistorical.org/learn/encyclopedia-of-detroit/hull-william","\nOther articles of interest \nMartin, Susan. \"The Unstoppable Anna Maria Mead Chalmers\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. June 7, 2022. https://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2015/03/the-unstoppable-anna-maria-mead-chalmers/","Included are comments about University of Virginia Professors Gessner Harrison, John B. Minor, Socrates Maupin, Basil L. Gildersleeve, Maximilan Schele De Vere, James Lawrence Cabell, and William Holmes McGuffey. Included is a letter from Professor Gildersleeve to Dr. George Otis, Jr. dated 1876. Dr. Otis was the first born son of Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers.","Condolences on the death of daughter Louisa and her mother Nancy Binney Hull Hickman.","Includes correspondence of Richard Gambill 1851-1856. There is also a letter from Thomas Walker Gilmer to Richard Gambill from 1833.","Other cousins may be included in this correspondence including McLellans and Clouds.","Samuel C. Clarke writes to his cousin Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers about his attitudes towards Freedmen after enslavement, and their working and living conditions.","Includes small broadside of Sarah Clark art exhibit","Letters about starting the school, procurement of teachers,letters from parents, and examinations.","Letters and notes about purchase of the newspaper and maintaining its operation.","Papers related to raising money and operating a charity hospital for children in Richmond, Virginia","\"The Lengthened Shadow\" of a Woman\" by Maria Pendleton Duval in the Ricmond Times Dispatch is a newspaper aticle about how Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers started Mrs. Mead's School for Young Ladies and how it influenced the opening of the Virginia Female Institute in Staunton, Virginia. Mrs Chalmers taught female students using the same curriculum as Harvard College.","Enslavement, letters from former enslaved people, and information about African American schools, and teaching African Americans to read the bible","Zachariah Mead (husband of Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers) writes a letter to his mother-in-law Nancy Binney \"Anne\" Hickman dated August 24, 1838 in which he describes to her the legislation required for bringing enslaved persons to another state. The family wants to move  from Newton, Massachusetts to Richmond, Virginia and take Othello \"Tillo\" Freeman with them.","Blair writes that the bond agreement was for him to keep Jordan until October when servants would be returning from the Springs, but he will return him if she needs his services.","In her last will and testament, \"I direct that my old servant Othello Freeman, be supported from my estate, in such manner as my said executrive, may think proper.\"","Letter from the Hickman's accountant, Joseph Bacon, that Othello \"Tillo\" Freeman,  who was enslaved by the Hull and Mead family, was removed from the Mclellan household (sister of \"Ann\" Nancy Binney Hickman) and was being boarded at Mr. White's. He writes that Tillo cannot do any work,is not well, and needs medical attention.  Mr. White wants more money to board and take care of him.","Includes unidentified letter to Anna Maria Mead Chalmers about her being honored as a teacher, and her treatment of \"Tillo\".","Mr. Potter says that he has heard good accounts of the school. No details are included.","A note signed \"Massing Bird\" to [Frances] E. Meriwether asking to buy a horse. His son has taken his horse so he needs to buy one.","Letter written by \"Old William\" who was the carriage driver for Mr. and Mrs. Chalmers. He writes to Mrs. Chalmers after the death of Mr. Chalmers about his fondness for them.","Letter from Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers describing her memories of her grandfather General William Hull to her cousin James Freeman Clarke. Mrs. Chalmers recollects that her grandfather required Othello \"Tillo\" Freeman who they enslaved to be present in Church.","One page argument for the Southern Planter's claim that they need the  Freedmen to labor their crops. Author unidentified, undated.","Correspondence of the Mead family, Meriwether family, George H. Geyer and others describing camp life, skirmishes and battles, and officers, including General Stonewall Jackson, General Longstreet, General Braggs, General McLellan, and General Grant","Includes a testimony to the gallantry of William L. Mead signed by J.E.B. Stuart; an oath of allegiance to the Confederacy; a map of Chattanooga \u0026 Environs November 15, 1863; a notice that William Z. Mead has been appointed 1st Lieut., 1st Battalion Sharp Shooters; a pass allowing Mrs. Anna M. Chambers to cross the lines with a hat box and carpet bag; and a memorandum sent to Gen. Joseph Wheeler, concerning  personal items taken from the body of Mead following his death at Resaca, Ga., 1864.","Some letters and notes about the genealogy of the Mead family","Photographs identified as Lieutenant William Zachariah Mead, Fannie Chalmers, and Marion Kollock.","Includes article about Bishop Whipple sermon supporting Indigenous persons; article about James Freeman Clarke, other obituaries, and various miscellaneous items including a football game at Pantops Academy.","John Greenleaf Whittier \"The Singer\" from the Atlantic Monthly, devotional prayers, and miscellaneous","Article Isaac McLellan, Sunday School brochures, advertisement for the Rockbridge Baths, Liturgy of the Holy Eucharist by N. W. Camp, and religious printed materials.","Certificate of Distinction from La Fourches School, Keswick, Virginia for Henry B. Mead; Anna Maria Chalmers marriage certificate; and Kappa Alpha In Universitate Virginiae broadside."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":140,"online_item_count_is":1,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:45:23.850Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1222"}},{"id":"vifarl_repositories_3_resources_188","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Anne Atkinson Chamberlayne Collection.","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifarl_repositories_3_resources_188#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Chamberlayne, Anne Atkinson.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifarl_repositories_3_resources_188#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection, which dates from 1742 to 1963, consists of correspondence, land grants, wills, family histories, and genealogical notes related primarily to the Baldwin, Hannah, Wyllie, Blanton, and Spraggins families.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifarl_repositories_3_resources_188#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifarl_repositories_3_resources_188","ead_ssi":"vifarl_repositories_3_resources_188","_root_":"vifarl_repositories_3_resources_188","_nest_parent_":"vifarl_repositories_3_resources_188","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/LONG/repositories_3_resources_188.xml","title_ssm":["Anne Atkinson Chamberlayne Collection."],"title_tesim":["Anne Atkinson Chamberlayne Collection."],"unitdate_ssm":["1742-1963"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1742-1963"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["HS.012","/repositories/3/resources/188"],"text":["HS.012","/repositories/3/resources/188","Anne Atkinson Chamberlayne Collection.","Women pianists -- United States.","Women political candidates -- Virginia -- Charlotte Court House.","There are no restrictions to access or use for research purposes.","Anne Atkinson was born in Charlotte County, Virginia in 1877 at Gravel Hill Plantation, the home of her maternal grandfather, George C. Hannah. Her parents were Reverend William Robert Atkinson and Lucy Hannah Atkinson. Her father, a graduate of Columbia Theological Seminary in South Carolina and of the University of Virginia, was both a teacher and a Presbyterian minister. He was a professor at the Peace Institute (now William Peace University) from 1875 to 1878, was principal at the Charlotte Female Institute (now Queens University of Charlotte) from 1878 to 1890, and in 1890, he founded the Presbyterian College for Women in Columbia, S.C. Anne Atkinson studied music at the Peabody Conservatory in Baltimore, Maryland and was an accomplished pianist. It was at the Peabody Conservatory that she met the German composer, and former student of Franz Liszt, Richard Burmeister. In 1899, Atkinson and Burmeister were married and subsequently moved to Dresden, Germany where both she and her husband performed extensively. In 1911, Anne Atkinson Burmeister returned to the United States with her daughter, Wilhelmina and in 1912 she performed a recital at the White House for President Taft. After divorcing Richard Burmeister, Anne remarried in 1915, to Robert Scott Chamberlayne, who owned and operated a tobacco business in Phenix, Virginia. Anne Atkinson Chamberlayne was a charter member of the Charlotte County Equal Suffrage League and served on their publications committee. In 1921, she ran for a seat in the Virginia House of Delegates, one of the first women in the state to run for statewide office. Anne Atkinson Chamberlayne was also a charter member in the founding of the Charlotte County branch of the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities. In 1936, she moved to Farmville where she continued to teach piano until her retirement. She was a member of the Daughters of the American Revolution, the Huguenot Society, and the Virginia Historical Society. Anne Atkinson Chamberlayne was also an avid genealogist who, among other projects, spearheaded a comprehensive census of tombstones in Prince Edward County, Virginia. Anne Atkinson Burmeister Chamberlayne died in 1968 and is buried in Cub Creek Cemetery in Charlotte County, Virginia.","This collection was donated to the Farmville-Prince Edward Historical Society by Marie Blanton, a relative of Anne Chamberlayne, in the early 2000s.","This collection is part of the Farmville-Prince Edward Historical Society Archives which are housed at Greenwood Library Archives and Special Collections","This collection, which dates from 1742 to 1963, consists of correspondence, land grants, wills, family histories, and genealogical notes related primarily to the Baldwin, Hannah, Wyllie, Blanton, and Spraggins families.","Farmville-Prince Edward Historical Society Archives","Baldwin family.","Hanna family.","Chamberlayne, Anne Atkinson.","Almond, J. Lindsay (James Lindsay), 1898-1986.","Burmeister, Richard, 1860-1944.","Chamberlayne, Anne Atkinson Burmeister, 1876-1968.","Eggleston, J. D. (Joseph Dupuy), 1867-1953.","Jennings, John M. 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Hannah. Her parents were Reverend William Robert Atkinson and Lucy Hannah Atkinson. Her father, a graduate of Columbia Theological Seminary in South Carolina and of the University of Virginia, was both a teacher and a Presbyterian minister. He was a professor at the Peace Institute (now William Peace University) from 1875 to 1878, was principal at the Charlotte Female Institute (now Queens University of Charlotte) from 1878 to 1890, and in 1890, he founded the Presbyterian College for Women in Columbia, S.C. Anne Atkinson studied music at the Peabody Conservatory in Baltimore, Maryland and was an accomplished pianist. It was at the Peabody Conservatory that she met the German composer, and former student of Franz Liszt, Richard Burmeister. In 1899, Atkinson and Burmeister were married and subsequently moved to Dresden, Germany where both she and her husband performed extensively. In 1911, Anne Atkinson Burmeister returned to the United States with her daughter, Wilhelmina and in 1912 she performed a recital at the White House for President Taft. After divorcing Richard Burmeister, Anne remarried in 1915, to Robert Scott Chamberlayne, who owned and operated a tobacco business in Phenix, Virginia. Anne Atkinson Chamberlayne was a charter member of the Charlotte County Equal Suffrage League and served on their publications committee. In 1921, she ran for a seat in the Virginia House of Delegates, one of the first women in the state to run for statewide office. Anne Atkinson Chamberlayne was also a charter member in the founding of the Charlotte County branch of the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities. In 1936, she moved to Farmville where she continued to teach piano until her retirement. She was a member of the Daughters of the American Revolution, the Huguenot Society, and the Virginia Historical Society. Anne Atkinson Chamberlayne was also an avid genealogist who, among other projects, spearheaded a comprehensive census of tombstones in Prince Edward County, Virginia. Anne Atkinson Burmeister Chamberlayne died in 1968 and is buried in Cub Creek Cemetery in Charlotte County, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical sketch"],"bioghist_tesim":["Anne Atkinson was born in Charlotte County, Virginia in 1877 at Gravel Hill Plantation, the home of her maternal grandfather, George C. Hannah. Her parents were Reverend William Robert Atkinson and Lucy Hannah Atkinson. Her father, a graduate of Columbia Theological Seminary in South Carolina and of the University of Virginia, was both a teacher and a Presbyterian minister. He was a professor at the Peace Institute (now William Peace University) from 1875 to 1878, was principal at the Charlotte Female Institute (now Queens University of Charlotte) from 1878 to 1890, and in 1890, he founded the Presbyterian College for Women in Columbia, S.C. Anne Atkinson studied music at the Peabody Conservatory in Baltimore, Maryland and was an accomplished pianist. It was at the Peabody Conservatory that she met the German composer, and former student of Franz Liszt, Richard Burmeister. In 1899, Atkinson and Burmeister were married and subsequently moved to Dresden, Germany where both she and her husband performed extensively. In 1911, Anne Atkinson Burmeister returned to the United States with her daughter, Wilhelmina and in 1912 she performed a recital at the White House for President Taft. After divorcing Richard Burmeister, Anne remarried in 1915, to Robert Scott Chamberlayne, who owned and operated a tobacco business in Phenix, Virginia. Anne Atkinson Chamberlayne was a charter member of the Charlotte County Equal Suffrage League and served on their publications committee. In 1921, she ran for a seat in the Virginia House of Delegates, one of the first women in the state to run for statewide office. Anne Atkinson Chamberlayne was also a charter member in the founding of the Charlotte County branch of the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities. In 1936, she moved to Farmville where she continued to teach piano until her retirement. She was a member of the Daughters of the American Revolution, the Huguenot Society, and the Virginia Historical Society. Anne Atkinson Chamberlayne was also an avid genealogist who, among other projects, spearheaded a comprehensive census of tombstones in Prince Edward County, Virginia. Anne Atkinson Burmeister Chamberlayne died in 1968 and is buried in Cub Creek Cemetery in Charlotte County, Virginia."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection was donated to the Farmville-Prince Edward Historical Society by Marie Blanton, a relative of Anne Chamberlayne, in the early 2000s.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Ownership and Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["This collection was donated to the Farmville-Prince Edward Historical Society by Marie Blanton, a relative of Anne Chamberlayne, in the early 2000s."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is part of the Farmville-Prince Edward Historical Society Archives which are housed at Greenwood Library Archives and Special Collections\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General Note"],"odd_tesim":["This collection is part of the Farmville-Prince Edward Historical Society Archives which are housed at Greenwood Library Archives and Special Collections"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection, which dates from 1742 to 1963, consists of correspondence, land grants, wills, family histories, and genealogical notes related primarily to the Baldwin, Hannah, Wyllie, Blanton, and Spraggins families.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection, which dates from 1742 to 1963, consists of correspondence, land grants, wills, family histories, and genealogical notes related primarily to the Baldwin, Hannah, Wyllie, Blanton, and Spraggins families."],"names_ssim":["Farmville-Prince Edward Historical Society Archives","Baldwin family.","Hanna family.","Chamberlayne, Anne Atkinson.","Almond, J. 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Hannah. Her parents were Reverend William Robert Atkinson and Lucy Hannah Atkinson. Her father, a graduate of Columbia Theological Seminary in South Carolina and of the University of Virginia, was both a teacher and a Presbyterian minister. He was a professor at the Peace Institute (now William Peace University) from 1875 to 1878, was principal at the Charlotte Female Institute (now Queens University of Charlotte) from 1878 to 1890, and in 1890, he founded the Presbyterian College for Women in Columbia, S.C. Anne Atkinson studied music at the Peabody Conservatory in Baltimore, Maryland and was an accomplished pianist. It was at the Peabody Conservatory that she met the German composer, and former student of Franz Liszt, Richard Burmeister. In 1899, Atkinson and Burmeister were married and subsequently moved to Dresden, Germany where both she and her husband performed extensively. In 1911, Anne Atkinson Burmeister returned to the United States with her daughter, Wilhelmina and in 1912 she performed a recital at the White House for President Taft. After divorcing Richard Burmeister, Anne remarried in 1915, to Robert Scott Chamberlayne, who owned and operated a tobacco business in Phenix, Virginia. Anne Atkinson Chamberlayne was a charter member of the Charlotte County Equal Suffrage League and served on their publications committee. In 1921, she ran for a seat in the Virginia House of Delegates, one of the first women in the state to run for statewide office. Anne Atkinson Chamberlayne was also a charter member in the founding of the Charlotte County branch of the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities. In 1936, she moved to Farmville where she continued to teach piano until her retirement. She was a member of the Daughters of the American Revolution, the Huguenot Society, and the Virginia Historical Society. Anne Atkinson Chamberlayne was also an avid genealogist who, among other projects, spearheaded a comprehensive census of tombstones in Prince Edward County, Virginia. Anne Atkinson Burmeister Chamberlayne died in 1968 and is buried in Cub Creek Cemetery in Charlotte County, Virginia.","This collection was donated to the Farmville-Prince Edward Historical Society by Marie Blanton, a relative of Anne Chamberlayne, in the early 2000s.","This collection is part of the Farmville-Prince Edward Historical Society Archives which are housed at Greenwood Library Archives and Special Collections","This collection, which dates from 1742 to 1963, consists of correspondence, land grants, wills, family histories, and genealogical notes related primarily to the Baldwin, Hannah, Wyllie, Blanton, and Spraggins families.","Farmville-Prince Edward Historical Society Archives","Baldwin family.","Hanna family.","Chamberlayne, Anne Atkinson.","Almond, J. 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Hannah. Her parents were Reverend William Robert Atkinson and Lucy Hannah Atkinson. Her father, a graduate of Columbia Theological Seminary in South Carolina and of the University of Virginia, was both a teacher and a Presbyterian minister. He was a professor at the Peace Institute (now William Peace University) from 1875 to 1878, was principal at the Charlotte Female Institute (now Queens University of Charlotte) from 1878 to 1890, and in 1890, he founded the Presbyterian College for Women in Columbia, S.C. Anne Atkinson studied music at the Peabody Conservatory in Baltimore, Maryland and was an accomplished pianist. It was at the Peabody Conservatory that she met the German composer, and former student of Franz Liszt, Richard Burmeister. In 1899, Atkinson and Burmeister were married and subsequently moved to Dresden, Germany where both she and her husband performed extensively. In 1911, Anne Atkinson Burmeister returned to the United States with her daughter, Wilhelmina and in 1912 she performed a recital at the White House for President Taft. After divorcing Richard Burmeister, Anne remarried in 1915, to Robert Scott Chamberlayne, who owned and operated a tobacco business in Phenix, Virginia. Anne Atkinson Chamberlayne was a charter member of the Charlotte County Equal Suffrage League and served on their publications committee. In 1921, she ran for a seat in the Virginia House of Delegates, one of the first women in the state to run for statewide office. Anne Atkinson Chamberlayne was also a charter member in the founding of the Charlotte County branch of the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities. In 1936, she moved to Farmville where she continued to teach piano until her retirement. She was a member of the Daughters of the American Revolution, the Huguenot Society, and the Virginia Historical Society. Anne Atkinson Chamberlayne was also an avid genealogist who, among other projects, spearheaded a comprehensive census of tombstones in Prince Edward County, Virginia. Anne Atkinson Burmeister Chamberlayne died in 1968 and is buried in Cub Creek Cemetery in Charlotte County, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical sketch"],"bioghist_tesim":["Anne Atkinson was born in Charlotte County, Virginia in 1877 at Gravel Hill Plantation, the home of her maternal grandfather, George C. Hannah. Her parents were Reverend William Robert Atkinson and Lucy Hannah Atkinson. Her father, a graduate of Columbia Theological Seminary in South Carolina and of the University of Virginia, was both a teacher and a Presbyterian minister. He was a professor at the Peace Institute (now William Peace University) from 1875 to 1878, was principal at the Charlotte Female Institute (now Queens University of Charlotte) from 1878 to 1890, and in 1890, he founded the Presbyterian College for Women in Columbia, S.C. Anne Atkinson studied music at the Peabody Conservatory in Baltimore, Maryland and was an accomplished pianist. It was at the Peabody Conservatory that she met the German composer, and former student of Franz Liszt, Richard Burmeister. In 1899, Atkinson and Burmeister were married and subsequently moved to Dresden, Germany where both she and her husband performed extensively. In 1911, Anne Atkinson Burmeister returned to the United States with her daughter, Wilhelmina and in 1912 she performed a recital at the White House for President Taft. After divorcing Richard Burmeister, Anne remarried in 1915, to Robert Scott Chamberlayne, who owned and operated a tobacco business in Phenix, Virginia. Anne Atkinson Chamberlayne was a charter member of the Charlotte County Equal Suffrage League and served on their publications committee. In 1921, she ran for a seat in the Virginia House of Delegates, one of the first women in the state to run for statewide office. Anne Atkinson Chamberlayne was also a charter member in the founding of the Charlotte County branch of the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities. In 1936, she moved to Farmville where she continued to teach piano until her retirement. She was a member of the Daughters of the American Revolution, the Huguenot Society, and the Virginia Historical Society. Anne Atkinson Chamberlayne was also an avid genealogist who, among other projects, spearheaded a comprehensive census of tombstones in Prince Edward County, Virginia. Anne Atkinson Burmeister Chamberlayne died in 1968 and is buried in Cub Creek Cemetery in Charlotte County, Virginia."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection was donated to the Farmville-Prince Edward Historical Society by Marie Blanton, a relative of Anne Chamberlayne, in the early 2000s.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Ownership and Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["This collection was donated to the Farmville-Prince Edward Historical Society by Marie Blanton, a relative of Anne Chamberlayne, in the early 2000s."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is part of the Farmville-Prince Edward Historical Society Archives which are housed at Greenwood Library Archives and Special Collections\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General Note"],"odd_tesim":["This collection is part of the Farmville-Prince Edward Historical Society Archives which are housed at Greenwood Library Archives and Special Collections"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection, which dates from 1742 to 1963, consists of correspondence, land grants, wills, family histories, and genealogical notes related primarily to the Baldwin, Hannah, Wyllie, Blanton, and Spraggins families.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection, which dates from 1742 to 1963, consists of correspondence, land grants, wills, family histories, and genealogical notes related primarily to the Baldwin, Hannah, Wyllie, Blanton, and Spraggins families."],"names_ssim":["Farmville-Prince Edward Historical Society Archives","Baldwin family.","Hanna family.","Chamberlayne, Anne Atkinson.","Almond, J. Lindsay (James Lindsay), 1898-1986.","Burmeister, Richard, 1860-1944.","Chamberlayne, Anne Atkinson Burmeister, 1876-1968.","Eggleston, J. D. (Joseph Dupuy), 1867-1953.","Jennings, John M. (John Melville)","Thurmond, Strom, 1902-2003."],"corpname_ssim":["Farmville-Prince Edward Historical Society Archives"],"names_coll_ssim":["Baldwin family.","Hanna family.","Almond, J. Lindsay (James Lindsay), 1898-1986.","Burmeister, Richard, 1860-1944.","Chamberlayne, Anne Atkinson Burmeister, 1876-1968.","Eggleston, J. D. (Joseph Dupuy), 1867-1953.","Jennings, John M. (John Melville)","Thurmond, Strom, 1902-2003."],"famname_ssim":["Baldwin family.","Hanna family."],"persname_ssim":["Chamberlayne, Anne Atkinson.","Almond, J. Lindsay (James Lindsay), 1898-1986.","Burmeister, Richard, 1860-1944.","Chamberlayne, Anne Atkinson Burmeister, 1876-1968.","Eggleston, J. D. (Joseph Dupuy), 1867-1953.","Jennings, John M. (John Melville)","Thurmond, Strom, 1902-2003."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":169,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T19:32:51.981Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifarl_repositories_3_resources_188"}},{"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_990","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Anne McClung Collection","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_990#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Anne McClung Collection is comprised of materials from the Lindsay Family, which include 19th century correspondence, WWII ration books, and the last will and testament of William Lindsay; a tax book from 1844; 19th century receipts from the Gilmore Family; records of the Alone Canning Company; records from the Alone Mill Telephone Cooperative; papers on regional history, including canals, an emergency plane landing, and personal narratives; and miscellaneous newspaper clippings and ephemeral materials related to the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_990#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_990","ead_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_990","_root_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_990","_nest_parent_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_990","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WLU/repositories_5_resources_990.xml","title_ssm":["Anne McClung Collection"],"title_tesim":["Anne McClung Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1844-1966"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1844-1966"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["WLU.Coll.0695"],"text":["WLU.Coll.0695","Anne McClung Collection","Alone Mill","Taxation -- Records","Louisiana Purchase--Centennial celebrations, etc.","Canning and preserving","Canned foods","Canning and preserving -- Equipment and supplies","Telephone","Good","The collection is open for research use.","The Lindsay Family Papers (24.17 cubic feet) are housed at the University of Kentucky.","The Anne McClung Collection is comprised of materials from the Lindsay Family, which include 19th century correspondence, WWII ration books, and the last will and testament of William Lindsay; a tax book from 1844; 19th century receipts from the Gilmore Family; records of the Alone Canning Company; records from the Alone Mill Telephone Cooperative; papers on regional history, including canals, an emergency plane landing, and personal narratives; and miscellaneous newspaper clippings and ephemeral materials related to the collection.","These items are modern copies of items related to Kirkpatrick Family Genealogy into the 21st Century.","This telegram was done by 95-year old \"Buster\" Carter of Goshen, Virginia. The telegram was written on a Baltimore and Ohio/Chesapeake and Ohio telegram form, with a revision date of August, 1966.","The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections.","Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","English"],"unitid_tesim":["WLU.Coll.0695"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Anne McClung Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Anne McClung Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Anne McClung Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"access_terms_ssm":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Alone Mill","Taxation -- Records","Louisiana Purchase--Centennial celebrations, etc.","Canning and preserving","Canned foods","Canning and preserving -- Equipment and supplies","Telephone"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Alone Mill","Taxation -- Records","Louisiana Purchase--Centennial celebrations, etc.","Canning and preserving","Canned foods","Canning and preserving -- Equipment and supplies","Telephone"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Good"],"extent_ssm":[".5 Linear Feet Box"],"extent_tesim":[".5 Linear Feet Box"],"date_range_isim":[1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eText\nPreferred citation: [Identification of item], Anne McClung Collection, WLU Coll. 0695, Special Collections and Archives, James G. Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA.\u003cp\u003eIn some cases the citation format may vary. Please contact Special Collections' staff to verify the appropriate format.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Text\nPreferred citation: [Identification of item], Anne McClung Collection, WLU Coll. 0695, Special Collections and Archives, James G. Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA. In some cases the citation format may vary. Please contact Special Collections' staff to verify the appropriate format."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Lindsay Family Papers (24.17 cubic feet) are housed at the University of Kentucky.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Lindsay Family Papers (24.17 cubic feet) are housed at the University of Kentucky."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Anne McClung Collection is comprised of materials from the Lindsay Family, which include 19th century correspondence, WWII ration books, and the last will and testament of William Lindsay; a tax book from 1844; 19th century receipts from the Gilmore Family; records of the Alone Canning Company; records from the Alone Mill Telephone Cooperative; papers on regional history, including canals, an emergency plane landing, and personal narratives; and miscellaneous newspaper clippings and ephemeral materials related to the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese items are modern copies of items related to Kirkpatrick Family Genealogy into the 21st Century.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis telegram was done by 95-year old \"Buster\" Carter of Goshen, Virginia. The telegram was written on a Baltimore and Ohio/Chesapeake and Ohio telegram form, with a revision date of August, 1966.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Anne McClung Collection is comprised of materials from the Lindsay Family, which include 19th century correspondence, WWII ration books, and the last will and testament of William Lindsay; a tax book from 1844; 19th century receipts from the Gilmore Family; records of the Alone Canning Company; records from the Alone Mill Telephone Cooperative; papers on regional history, including canals, an emergency plane landing, and personal narratives; and miscellaneous newspaper clippings and ephemeral materials related to the collection.","These items are modern copies of items related to Kirkpatrick Family Genealogy into the 21st Century.","This telegram was done by 95-year old \"Buster\" Carter of Goshen, Virginia. The telegram was written on a Baltimore and Ohio/Chesapeake and Ohio telegram form, with a revision date of August, 1966."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections."],"names_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives"],"corpname_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":20,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T21:42:21.790Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_990","ead_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_990","_root_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_990","_nest_parent_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_990","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WLU/repositories_5_resources_990.xml","title_ssm":["Anne McClung Collection"],"title_tesim":["Anne McClung Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1844-1966"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1844-1966"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["WLU.Coll.0695"],"text":["WLU.Coll.0695","Anne McClung Collection","Alone Mill","Taxation -- Records","Louisiana Purchase--Centennial celebrations, etc.","Canning and preserving","Canned foods","Canning and preserving -- Equipment and supplies","Telephone","Good","The collection is open for research use.","The Lindsay Family Papers (24.17 cubic feet) are housed at the University of Kentucky.","The Anne McClung Collection is comprised of materials from the Lindsay Family, which include 19th century correspondence, WWII ration books, and the last will and testament of William Lindsay; a tax book from 1844; 19th century receipts from the Gilmore Family; records of the Alone Canning Company; records from the Alone Mill Telephone Cooperative; papers on regional history, including canals, an emergency plane landing, and personal narratives; and miscellaneous newspaper clippings and ephemeral materials related to the collection.","These items are modern copies of items related to Kirkpatrick Family Genealogy into the 21st Century.","This telegram was done by 95-year old \"Buster\" Carter of Goshen, Virginia. The telegram was written on a Baltimore and Ohio/Chesapeake and Ohio telegram form, with a revision date of August, 1966.","The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections.","Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","English"],"unitid_tesim":["WLU.Coll.0695"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Anne McClung Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Anne McClung Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Anne McClung Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"access_terms_ssm":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Alone Mill","Taxation -- Records","Louisiana Purchase--Centennial celebrations, etc.","Canning and preserving","Canned foods","Canning and preserving -- Equipment and supplies","Telephone"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Alone Mill","Taxation -- Records","Louisiana Purchase--Centennial celebrations, etc.","Canning and preserving","Canned foods","Canning and preserving -- Equipment and supplies","Telephone"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Good"],"extent_ssm":[".5 Linear Feet Box"],"extent_tesim":[".5 Linear Feet Box"],"date_range_isim":[1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eText\nPreferred citation: [Identification of item], Anne McClung Collection, WLU Coll. 0695, Special Collections and Archives, James G. Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA.\u003cp\u003eIn some cases the citation format may vary. Please contact Special Collections' staff to verify the appropriate format.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Text\nPreferred citation: [Identification of item], Anne McClung Collection, WLU Coll. 0695, Special Collections and Archives, James G. Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA. In some cases the citation format may vary. Please contact Special Collections' staff to verify the appropriate format."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Lindsay Family Papers (24.17 cubic feet) are housed at the University of Kentucky.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Lindsay Family Papers (24.17 cubic feet) are housed at the University of Kentucky."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Anne McClung Collection is comprised of materials from the Lindsay Family, which include 19th century correspondence, WWII ration books, and the last will and testament of William Lindsay; a tax book from 1844; 19th century receipts from the Gilmore Family; records of the Alone Canning Company; records from the Alone Mill Telephone Cooperative; papers on regional history, including canals, an emergency plane landing, and personal narratives; and miscellaneous newspaper clippings and ephemeral materials related to the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese items are modern copies of items related to Kirkpatrick Family Genealogy into the 21st Century.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis telegram was done by 95-year old \"Buster\" Carter of Goshen, Virginia. The telegram was written on a Baltimore and Ohio/Chesapeake and Ohio telegram form, with a revision date of August, 1966.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Anne McClung Collection is comprised of materials from the Lindsay Family, which include 19th century correspondence, WWII ration books, and the last will and testament of William Lindsay; a tax book from 1844; 19th century receipts from the Gilmore Family; records of the Alone Canning Company; records from the Alone Mill Telephone Cooperative; papers on regional history, including canals, an emergency plane landing, and personal narratives; and miscellaneous newspaper clippings and ephemeral materials related to the collection.","These items are modern copies of items related to Kirkpatrick Family Genealogy into the 21st Century.","This telegram was done by 95-year old \"Buster\" Carter of Goshen, Virginia. The telegram was written on a Baltimore and Ohio/Chesapeake and Ohio telegram form, with a revision date of August, 1966."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  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The collection also contains one newspaper clipping from The Battle Creek Enquirer regarding Sojourner Truth, dated September 24, 1997."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":3,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T22:54:47.570Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9885"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2447","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Anthony Ware, Miscellaneous Papers","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2447#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Ware, Anthony","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2447#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Facsimile of \u003cem\u003eThe Maryland Journal and Baltimore Advertiser\u003c/em\u003e, 20 Aug. 1773; broadsides: \u003cem\u003eBaltimore American Calendar\u003c/em\u003e, 1886, 24 x 19 in., and \u003cem\u003eThe Wheeling Intelligencer for the Presidential Year\u003c/em\u003e, 1884, 9 1/2 x 5 1/2 in.; Civil War materials, including invoices of ordnance and ordnance stores at Mannington (W.)Va., signed by Thos. Hornbrook, Military Agent for Governor F. H. Pierpont, 21 August 1862 and 11 March 1863. Also includes telegrams, Fairmont, W. Va., 27 April 1863: F. Parich, Major, to J. B. Hirons, Adjutant, \"Call your battalion in at Mannington immediately for active service\"; and J. B. Hirons to Capt. Hall, \"Report immediately with your Company to Mannington.\"","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2447#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2447","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2447","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2447","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2447","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_2447.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/196513","title_ssm":["Anthony Ware, Miscellaneous Papers"],"title_tesim":["Anthony Ware, Miscellaneous Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1773-1886"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1773-1886"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 0125","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2447"],"text":["A\u0026M 0125","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2447","Anthony Ware, Miscellaneous Papers","No special access restriction applies.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. 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Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Ware, Anthony","English"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 0125","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2447"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Anthony Ware, Miscellaneous Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Anthony Ware, Miscellaneous Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Anthony Ware, Miscellaneous Papers"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"creator_ssm":["Ware, Anthony"],"creator_ssim":["Ware, Anthony"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Ware, Anthony"],"creators_ssim":["Ware, Anthony"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. 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For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_ad2c431e660fd78a329adede21dca47b\"\u003eFacsimile of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Maryland Journal and Baltimore Advertiser\u003c/emph\u003e, 20 Aug. 1773; broadsides: \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBaltimore American Calendar\u003c/emph\u003e, 1886, 24 x 19 in., and \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Wheeling Intelligencer for the Presidential Year\u003c/emph\u003e, 1884, 9 1/2 x 5 1/2 in.; Civil War materials, including invoices of ordnance and ordnance stores at Mannington (W.)Va., signed by Thos. Hornbrook, Military Agent for Governor F. H. Pierpont, 21 August 1862 and 11 March 1863. Also includes telegrams, Fairmont, W. Va., 27 April 1863: F. Parich, Major, to J. B. Hirons, Adjutant, \"Call your battalion in at Mannington immediately for active service\"; and J. B. Hirons to Capt. Hall, \"Report immediately with your Company to Mannington.\"\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Facsimile of  The Maryland Journal and Baltimore Advertiser , 20 Aug. 1773; broadsides:  Baltimore American Calendar , 1886, 24 x 19 in., and  The Wheeling Intelligencer for the Presidential Year , 1884, 9 1/2 x 5 1/2 in.; Civil War materials, including invoices of ordnance and ordnance stores at Mannington (W.)Va., signed by Thos. Hornbrook, Military Agent for Governor F. H. Pierpont, 21 August 1862 and 11 March 1863. Also includes telegrams, Fairmont, W. Va., 27 April 1863: F. Parich, Major, to J. B. Hirons, Adjutant, \"Call your battalion in at Mannington immediately for active service\"; and J. B. Hirons to Capt. Hall, \"Report immediately with your Company to Mannington.\""],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_a1aa98c1f4573fb19b80af64a7d97aeb\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. 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Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Ware, Anthony"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"names_coll_ssim":["Ware, Anthony"],"persname_ssim":["Ware, Anthony"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:47:23.348Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2447","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2447","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2447","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2447","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_2447.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/196513","title_ssm":["Anthony Ware, Miscellaneous Papers"],"title_tesim":["Anthony Ware, Miscellaneous Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1773-1886"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1773-1886"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 0125","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2447"],"text":["A\u0026M 0125","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2447","Anthony Ware, Miscellaneous Papers","No special access restriction applies.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. 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For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_ad2c431e660fd78a329adede21dca47b\"\u003eFacsimile of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Maryland Journal and Baltimore Advertiser\u003c/emph\u003e, 20 Aug. 1773; broadsides: \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBaltimore American Calendar\u003c/emph\u003e, 1886, 24 x 19 in., and \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Wheeling Intelligencer for the Presidential Year\u003c/emph\u003e, 1884, 9 1/2 x 5 1/2 in.; Civil War materials, including invoices of ordnance and ordnance stores at Mannington (W.)Va., signed by Thos. Hornbrook, Military Agent for Governor F. H. Pierpont, 21 August 1862 and 11 March 1863. Also includes telegrams, Fairmont, W. Va., 27 April 1863: F. Parich, Major, to J. B. Hirons, Adjutant, \"Call your battalion in at Mannington immediately for active service\"; and J. B. Hirons to Capt. Hall, \"Report immediately with your Company to Mannington.\"\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Facsimile of  The Maryland Journal and Baltimore Advertiser , 20 Aug. 1773; broadsides:  Baltimore American Calendar , 1886, 24 x 19 in., and  The Wheeling Intelligencer for the Presidential Year , 1884, 9 1/2 x 5 1/2 in.; Civil War materials, including invoices of ordnance and ordnance stores at Mannington (W.)Va., signed by Thos. Hornbrook, Military Agent for Governor F. H. Pierpont, 21 August 1862 and 11 March 1863. Also includes telegrams, Fairmont, W. Va., 27 April 1863: F. Parich, Major, to J. B. Hirons, Adjutant, \"Call your battalion in at Mannington immediately for active service\"; and J. B. Hirons to Capt. Hall, \"Report immediately with your Company to Mannington.\""],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_a1aa98c1f4573fb19b80af64a7d97aeb\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Ware, Anthony"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"names_coll_ssim":["Ware, Anthony"],"persname_ssim":["Ware, Anthony"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:47:23.348Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2447"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1920","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Antoine Gaujot and Julien E. Gaujot Papers","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1920#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Gaujot family","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1920#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Antoine Gaujot and Julien E. Gaujot Papers contains the papers of two brothers who both attended Virginia Tech and received the U. S. Medal of Honor. The collection includes articles, correspondence, military documents, and research from about 1840-1999.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1920#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1920","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1920","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1920","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1920","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1920.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Gaujot, Antoine, and Gaujot, Julien E., Papers","title_ssm":["Antoine Gaujot and Julien E. Gaujot Papers"],"title_tesim":["Antoine Gaujot and Julien E. Gaujot Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1840-1999"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1840-1999"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1992.046"],"text":["Ms.1992.046","Antoine Gaujot and Julien E. Gaujot Papers","Medal of Honor","University Archives","University History","The collection is open for research.","Julian Edmond Victor Gaujot and Antoine August Michel Gaujot are brothers who both attended Virginia Tech and received the Medal of Honor. There are only a few brothers to receive the Medal and the only set of brothers to receive from different wars. ","Antoine August Michel Gaujot attended VAMC 1896-97 (class of 1900, non-graduate). He received \"the medal for actions as an army corporal at the Battle of San Mateo during the Philippine Insurrection. He made persistent effort under heavy enemy rifle fire to locate a ford in order to help his unit cross the swollen river to attack. Unable to accomplish this he swam with a companion again under fire and against a dangerous current across the river to the enemy side. There, he secured an enemy canoe and returned it to the friendly side of the river.\" ","Julien E. Gaujot attended Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (VAMC) from 1889-90, class of 1893; now Virginia Tech. After Antoine earned his medal, \"Julien, his brother and a regular army officer, became obsessed with his brother's achievement. Referring to Antoine, Julien said 'He wears it for a watch fob, the damn civilian, I got to get me one of them things for myself if I bust.' Julien Gaujot received the medal for actions on the Mexican Border in 1914. He is the only soldier ever awarded the Medal for actions of a peacekeeping nature. In Douglas, Arizona, stray bullets from fighting among Mexican rebels and government troops caused American casualties. Julien Gaujot crossed the border under heavy fire. He moved between the two groups of belligerents for an hour, amongst heavy fire. This secured the safe passage of the Mexican soldiers and American prisoners over the border to the United States. His actions saved five Americans taken prisoner by the Mexicans, 25 Mexican soldiers plus Americans and Mexican rebels who would have died in continued fighting.\" ","Source:","\"Medal of Honor Recipients at Va Tech\", Virginia Tech Army ROTC,  http://www.armyrotc.vt.edu/aboutus/Medal_Honor.html , archived at  https://web.archive.org/web/20131029200332/www.armyrotc.vt.edu/aboutus/Medal_Honor.html , archived version accessed Jan. 24, 2023.","See also:","\"War Memorial Court: Medal of Honor recipients\", Virginia Tech,  https://www.vt.edu/about/locations/buildings/war-memorial-chapel-honor.html , accessed Jan. 24, 2023.","The guide to the Antoine Gaujot and Julien E. Gaujot Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Antoine Gaujot and Julien E. Gaujot Papers was completed in November 2013.","This collection contains John Coulter's notes for the book,  Ut prosim \"above \u0026 beyond\" : the story of Virginia Tech's Medal of Honor recipients  by John A. Coulter II ; editor, Richard T. Ball ; art editor, Carol Lee Irwin. A copy is in the Rare Book Collection with call number LD5655.A5 C5 2001.","The Antoine Gaujot and Julien E. Gaujot Papers contains the papers of two brothers who both attended Virginia Tech and received the Medal of Honor, and the collection includes articles, correspondences, military documents, and photographs. ","Julien Gaujot's papers consist of copies from Julien Gaujot's military file giving testimony towards his bravery and service at Agua Prieta, Mexico, on April 13, 1911, and documents awarding him the medal in August 1912. Antoine Gaujot papers include citations and military service, information regarding Antoine's murder by Julien's son in 1936, photographs, correspondence, Lt. Col. John Coulter's notes (for book on Virginia Tech Medal of Honor winners) with descriptions of battles and newspaper articles. Some parts of the collection include photocopies of the originals. ","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The Antoine Gaujot and Julien E. Gaujot Papers contains the papers of two brothers who both attended Virginia Tech and received the U. S. Medal of Honor. The collection includes articles, correspondence, military documents, and research from about 1840-1999.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Gaujot family","Coulter, John A., 1953-","Gaujot, Antoine August Michel, 1878-1936","Gaujot, Julian Edmond Victor, 1874-1938","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1992.046"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Antoine Gaujot and Julien E. Gaujot Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Antoine Gaujot and Julien E. Gaujot Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Antoine Gaujot and Julien E. Gaujot Papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Gaujot family","Coulter, John A., 1953-"],"creator_ssim":["Gaujot family","Coulter, John A., 1953-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Coulter, John A., 1953-"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Gaujot family"],"creators_ssim":["Coulter, John A., 1953-","Gaujot family"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Antoine Gaujot and Julien E. Gaujot Papers were donated in 1992 and 2000."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Medal of Honor","University Archives","University History"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Medal of Honor","University Archives","University History"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.5 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.5 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"date_range_isim":[1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJulian Edmond Victor Gaujot and Antoine August Michel Gaujot are brothers who both attended Virginia Tech and received the Medal of Honor. There are only a few brothers to receive the Medal and the only set of brothers to receive from different wars. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAntoine August Michel Gaujot attended VAMC 1896-97 (class of 1900, non-graduate). He received \"the medal for actions as an army corporal at the Battle of San Mateo during the Philippine Insurrection. He made persistent effort under heavy enemy rifle fire to locate a ford in order to help his unit cross the swollen river to attack. Unable to accomplish this he swam with a companion again under fire and against a dangerous current across the river to the enemy side. There, he secured an enemy canoe and returned it to the friendly side of the river.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJulien E. Gaujot attended Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (VAMC) from 1889-90, class of 1893; now Virginia Tech. After Antoine earned his medal, \"Julien, his brother and a regular army officer, became obsessed with his brother's achievement. Referring to Antoine, Julien said 'He wears it for a watch fob, the damn civilian, I got to get me one of them things for myself if I bust.' Julien Gaujot received the medal for actions on the Mexican Border in 1914. He is the only soldier ever awarded the Medal for actions of a peacekeeping nature. In Douglas, Arizona, stray bullets from fighting among Mexican rebels and government troops caused American casualties. Julien Gaujot crossed the border under heavy fire. He moved between the two groups of belligerents for an hour, amongst heavy fire. This secured the safe passage of the Mexican soldiers and American prisoners over the border to the United States. His actions saved five Americans taken prisoner by the Mexicans, 25 Mexican soldiers plus Americans and Mexican rebels who would have died in continued fighting.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSource:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Medal of Honor Recipients at Va Tech\", Virginia Tech Army ROTC, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://www.armyrotc.vt.edu/aboutus/Medal_Honor.html\"\u003ehttp://www.armyrotc.vt.edu/aboutus/Medal_Honor.html\u003c/a\u003e, archived at \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20131029200332/www.armyrotc.vt.edu/aboutus/Medal_Honor.html\"\u003ehttps://web.archive.org/web/20131029200332/www.armyrotc.vt.edu/aboutus/Medal_Honor.html\u003c/a\u003e, archived version accessed Jan. 24, 2023.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSee also:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"War Memorial Court: Medal of Honor recipients\", Virginia Tech, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.vt.edu/about/locations/buildings/war-memorial-chapel-honor.html\"\u003ehttps://www.vt.edu/about/locations/buildings/war-memorial-chapel-honor.html\u003c/a\u003e, accessed Jan. 24, 2023.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Julian Edmond Victor Gaujot and Antoine August Michel Gaujot are brothers who both attended Virginia Tech and received the Medal of Honor. There are only a few brothers to receive the Medal and the only set of brothers to receive from different wars. ","Antoine August Michel Gaujot attended VAMC 1896-97 (class of 1900, non-graduate). He received \"the medal for actions as an army corporal at the Battle of San Mateo during the Philippine Insurrection. He made persistent effort under heavy enemy rifle fire to locate a ford in order to help his unit cross the swollen river to attack. Unable to accomplish this he swam with a companion again under fire and against a dangerous current across the river to the enemy side. There, he secured an enemy canoe and returned it to the friendly side of the river.\" ","Julien E. Gaujot attended Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (VAMC) from 1889-90, class of 1893; now Virginia Tech. After Antoine earned his medal, \"Julien, his brother and a regular army officer, became obsessed with his brother's achievement. Referring to Antoine, Julien said 'He wears it for a watch fob, the damn civilian, I got to get me one of them things for myself if I bust.' Julien Gaujot received the medal for actions on the Mexican Border in 1914. He is the only soldier ever awarded the Medal for actions of a peacekeeping nature. In Douglas, Arizona, stray bullets from fighting among Mexican rebels and government troops caused American casualties. Julien Gaujot crossed the border under heavy fire. He moved between the two groups of belligerents for an hour, amongst heavy fire. This secured the safe passage of the Mexican soldiers and American prisoners over the border to the United States. His actions saved five Americans taken prisoner by the Mexicans, 25 Mexican soldiers plus Americans and Mexican rebels who would have died in continued fighting.\" ","Source:","\"Medal of Honor Recipients at Va Tech\", Virginia Tech Army ROTC,  http://www.armyrotc.vt.edu/aboutus/Medal_Honor.html , archived at  https://web.archive.org/web/20131029200332/www.armyrotc.vt.edu/aboutus/Medal_Honor.html , archived version accessed Jan. 24, 2023.","See also:","\"War Memorial Court: Medal of Honor recipients\", Virginia Tech,  https://www.vt.edu/about/locations/buildings/war-memorial-chapel-honor.html , accessed Jan. 24, 2023."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Antoine Gaujot and Julien E. Gaujot Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Antoine Gaujot and Julien E. Gaujot Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Antoine Gaujot and Julien E. Gaujot Papers, Ms1992-046, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Antoine Gaujot and Julien E. Gaujot Papers, Ms1992-046, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Antoine Gaujot and Julien E. Gaujot Papers was completed in November 2013.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Antoine Gaujot and Julien E. Gaujot Papers was completed in November 2013."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains John Coulter's notes for the book, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eUt prosim \"above \u0026amp; beyond\" : the story of Virginia Tech's Medal of Honor recipients\u003c/title\u003e by John A. Coulter II ; editor, Richard T. Ball ; art editor, Carol Lee Irwin. A copy is in the Rare Book Collection with call number LD5655.A5 C5 2001.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["This collection contains John Coulter's notes for the book,  Ut prosim \"above \u0026 beyond\" : the story of Virginia Tech's Medal of Honor recipients  by John A. Coulter II ; editor, Richard T. Ball ; art editor, Carol Lee Irwin. A copy is in the Rare Book Collection with call number LD5655.A5 C5 2001."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Antoine Gaujot and Julien E. Gaujot Papers contains the papers of two brothers who both attended Virginia Tech and received the Medal of Honor, and the collection includes articles, correspondences, military documents, and photographs. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJulien Gaujot's papers consist of copies from Julien Gaujot's military file giving testimony towards his bravery and service at Agua Prieta, Mexico, on April 13, 1911, and documents awarding him the medal in August 1912. Antoine Gaujot papers include citations and military service, information regarding Antoine's murder by Julien's son in 1936, photographs, correspondence, Lt. Col. John Coulter's notes (for book on Virginia Tech Medal of Honor winners) with descriptions of battles and newspaper articles. Some parts of the collection include photocopies of the originals. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Antoine Gaujot and Julien E. Gaujot Papers contains the papers of two brothers who both attended Virginia Tech and received the Medal of Honor, and the collection includes articles, correspondences, military documents, and photographs. ","Julien Gaujot's papers consist of copies from Julien Gaujot's military file giving testimony towards his bravery and service at Agua Prieta, Mexico, on April 13, 1911, and documents awarding him the medal in August 1912. Antoine Gaujot papers include citations and military service, information regarding Antoine's murder by Julien's son in 1936, photographs, correspondence, Lt. Col. John Coulter's notes (for book on Virginia Tech Medal of Honor winners) with descriptions of battles and newspaper articles. Some parts of the collection include photocopies of the originals. "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_1f65d7e0599e3938264bd0dc0db2cb76\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Antoine Gaujot and Julien E. Gaujot Papers contains the papers of two brothers who both attended Virginia Tech and received the U. S. Medal of Honor. The collection includes articles, correspondence, military documents, and research from about 1840-1999.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Antoine Gaujot and Julien E. Gaujot Papers contains the papers of two brothers who both attended Virginia Tech and received the U. S. Medal of Honor. The collection includes articles, correspondence, military documents, and research from about 1840-1999."],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Gaujot, Antoine August Michel, 1878-1936","Gaujot, Julian Edmond Victor, 1874-1938"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Gaujot family","Coulter, John A., 1953-","Gaujot, Antoine August Michel, 1878-1936","Gaujot, Julian Edmond Victor, 1874-1938"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)"],"famname_ssim":["Gaujot family"],"persname_ssim":["Coulter, John A., 1953-","Gaujot, Antoine August Michel, 1878-1936","Gaujot, Julian Edmond Victor, 1874-1938"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":9,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:30:31.371Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1920","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1920","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1920","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1920","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1920.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Gaujot, Antoine, and Gaujot, Julien E., Papers","title_ssm":["Antoine Gaujot and Julien E. Gaujot Papers"],"title_tesim":["Antoine Gaujot and Julien E. Gaujot Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1840-1999"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1840-1999"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1992.046"],"text":["Ms.1992.046","Antoine Gaujot and Julien E. Gaujot Papers","Medal of Honor","University Archives","University History","The collection is open for research.","Julian Edmond Victor Gaujot and Antoine August Michel Gaujot are brothers who both attended Virginia Tech and received the Medal of Honor. There are only a few brothers to receive the Medal and the only set of brothers to receive from different wars. ","Antoine August Michel Gaujot attended VAMC 1896-97 (class of 1900, non-graduate). He received \"the medal for actions as an army corporal at the Battle of San Mateo during the Philippine Insurrection. He made persistent effort under heavy enemy rifle fire to locate a ford in order to help his unit cross the swollen river to attack. Unable to accomplish this he swam with a companion again under fire and against a dangerous current across the river to the enemy side. There, he secured an enemy canoe and returned it to the friendly side of the river.\" ","Julien E. Gaujot attended Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (VAMC) from 1889-90, class of 1893; now Virginia Tech. After Antoine earned his medal, \"Julien, his brother and a regular army officer, became obsessed with his brother's achievement. Referring to Antoine, Julien said 'He wears it for a watch fob, the damn civilian, I got to get me one of them things for myself if I bust.' Julien Gaujot received the medal for actions on the Mexican Border in 1914. He is the only soldier ever awarded the Medal for actions of a peacekeeping nature. In Douglas, Arizona, stray bullets from fighting among Mexican rebels and government troops caused American casualties. Julien Gaujot crossed the border under heavy fire. He moved between the two groups of belligerents for an hour, amongst heavy fire. This secured the safe passage of the Mexican soldiers and American prisoners over the border to the United States. His actions saved five Americans taken prisoner by the Mexicans, 25 Mexican soldiers plus Americans and Mexican rebels who would have died in continued fighting.\" ","Source:","\"Medal of Honor Recipients at Va Tech\", Virginia Tech Army ROTC,  http://www.armyrotc.vt.edu/aboutus/Medal_Honor.html , archived at  https://web.archive.org/web/20131029200332/www.armyrotc.vt.edu/aboutus/Medal_Honor.html , archived version accessed Jan. 24, 2023.","See also:","\"War Memorial Court: Medal of Honor recipients\", Virginia Tech,  https://www.vt.edu/about/locations/buildings/war-memorial-chapel-honor.html , accessed Jan. 24, 2023.","The guide to the Antoine Gaujot and Julien E. Gaujot Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Antoine Gaujot and Julien E. Gaujot Papers was completed in November 2013.","This collection contains John Coulter's notes for the book,  Ut prosim \"above \u0026 beyond\" : the story of Virginia Tech's Medal of Honor recipients  by John A. Coulter II ; editor, Richard T. Ball ; art editor, Carol Lee Irwin. A copy is in the Rare Book Collection with call number LD5655.A5 C5 2001.","The Antoine Gaujot and Julien E. Gaujot Papers contains the papers of two brothers who both attended Virginia Tech and received the Medal of Honor, and the collection includes articles, correspondences, military documents, and photographs. ","Julien Gaujot's papers consist of copies from Julien Gaujot's military file giving testimony towards his bravery and service at Agua Prieta, Mexico, on April 13, 1911, and documents awarding him the medal in August 1912. Antoine Gaujot papers include citations and military service, information regarding Antoine's murder by Julien's son in 1936, photographs, correspondence, Lt. Col. John Coulter's notes (for book on Virginia Tech Medal of Honor winners) with descriptions of battles and newspaper articles. Some parts of the collection include photocopies of the originals. ","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The Antoine Gaujot and Julien E. Gaujot Papers contains the papers of two brothers who both attended Virginia Tech and received the U. S. Medal of Honor. The collection includes articles, correspondence, military documents, and research from about 1840-1999.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Gaujot family","Coulter, John A., 1953-","Gaujot, Antoine August Michel, 1878-1936","Gaujot, Julian Edmond Victor, 1874-1938","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1992.046"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Antoine Gaujot and Julien E. Gaujot Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Antoine Gaujot and Julien E. Gaujot Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Antoine Gaujot and Julien E. Gaujot Papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Gaujot family","Coulter, John A., 1953-"],"creator_ssim":["Gaujot family","Coulter, John A., 1953-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Coulter, John A., 1953-"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Gaujot family"],"creators_ssim":["Coulter, John A., 1953-","Gaujot family"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Antoine Gaujot and Julien E. Gaujot Papers were donated in 1992 and 2000."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Medal of Honor","University Archives","University History"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Medal of Honor","University Archives","University History"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.5 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.5 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"date_range_isim":[1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJulian Edmond Victor Gaujot and Antoine August Michel Gaujot are brothers who both attended Virginia Tech and received the Medal of Honor. There are only a few brothers to receive the Medal and the only set of brothers to receive from different wars. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAntoine August Michel Gaujot attended VAMC 1896-97 (class of 1900, non-graduate). He received \"the medal for actions as an army corporal at the Battle of San Mateo during the Philippine Insurrection. He made persistent effort under heavy enemy rifle fire to locate a ford in order to help his unit cross the swollen river to attack. Unable to accomplish this he swam with a companion again under fire and against a dangerous current across the river to the enemy side. There, he secured an enemy canoe and returned it to the friendly side of the river.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJulien E. Gaujot attended Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (VAMC) from 1889-90, class of 1893; now Virginia Tech. After Antoine earned his medal, \"Julien, his brother and a regular army officer, became obsessed with his brother's achievement. Referring to Antoine, Julien said 'He wears it for a watch fob, the damn civilian, I got to get me one of them things for myself if I bust.' Julien Gaujot received the medal for actions on the Mexican Border in 1914. He is the only soldier ever awarded the Medal for actions of a peacekeeping nature. In Douglas, Arizona, stray bullets from fighting among Mexican rebels and government troops caused American casualties. Julien Gaujot crossed the border under heavy fire. He moved between the two groups of belligerents for an hour, amongst heavy fire. This secured the safe passage of the Mexican soldiers and American prisoners over the border to the United States. His actions saved five Americans taken prisoner by the Mexicans, 25 Mexican soldiers plus Americans and Mexican rebels who would have died in continued fighting.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSource:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Medal of Honor Recipients at Va Tech\", Virginia Tech Army ROTC, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://www.armyrotc.vt.edu/aboutus/Medal_Honor.html\"\u003ehttp://www.armyrotc.vt.edu/aboutus/Medal_Honor.html\u003c/a\u003e, archived at \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20131029200332/www.armyrotc.vt.edu/aboutus/Medal_Honor.html\"\u003ehttps://web.archive.org/web/20131029200332/www.armyrotc.vt.edu/aboutus/Medal_Honor.html\u003c/a\u003e, archived version accessed Jan. 24, 2023.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSee also:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"War Memorial Court: Medal of Honor recipients\", Virginia Tech, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.vt.edu/about/locations/buildings/war-memorial-chapel-honor.html\"\u003ehttps://www.vt.edu/about/locations/buildings/war-memorial-chapel-honor.html\u003c/a\u003e, accessed Jan. 24, 2023.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Julian Edmond Victor Gaujot and Antoine August Michel Gaujot are brothers who both attended Virginia Tech and received the Medal of Honor. There are only a few brothers to receive the Medal and the only set of brothers to receive from different wars. ","Antoine August Michel Gaujot attended VAMC 1896-97 (class of 1900, non-graduate). He received \"the medal for actions as an army corporal at the Battle of San Mateo during the Philippine Insurrection. He made persistent effort under heavy enemy rifle fire to locate a ford in order to help his unit cross the swollen river to attack. Unable to accomplish this he swam with a companion again under fire and against a dangerous current across the river to the enemy side. There, he secured an enemy canoe and returned it to the friendly side of the river.\" ","Julien E. Gaujot attended Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (VAMC) from 1889-90, class of 1893; now Virginia Tech. After Antoine earned his medal, \"Julien, his brother and a regular army officer, became obsessed with his brother's achievement. Referring to Antoine, Julien said 'He wears it for a watch fob, the damn civilian, I got to get me one of them things for myself if I bust.' Julien Gaujot received the medal for actions on the Mexican Border in 1914. He is the only soldier ever awarded the Medal for actions of a peacekeeping nature. In Douglas, Arizona, stray bullets from fighting among Mexican rebels and government troops caused American casualties. Julien Gaujot crossed the border under heavy fire. He moved between the two groups of belligerents for an hour, amongst heavy fire. This secured the safe passage of the Mexican soldiers and American prisoners over the border to the United States. His actions saved five Americans taken prisoner by the Mexicans, 25 Mexican soldiers plus Americans and Mexican rebels who would have died in continued fighting.\" ","Source:","\"Medal of Honor Recipients at Va Tech\", Virginia Tech Army ROTC,  http://www.armyrotc.vt.edu/aboutus/Medal_Honor.html , archived at  https://web.archive.org/web/20131029200332/www.armyrotc.vt.edu/aboutus/Medal_Honor.html , archived version accessed Jan. 24, 2023.","See also:","\"War Memorial Court: Medal of Honor recipients\", Virginia Tech,  https://www.vt.edu/about/locations/buildings/war-memorial-chapel-honor.html , accessed Jan. 24, 2023."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Antoine Gaujot and Julien E. Gaujot Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Antoine Gaujot and Julien E. Gaujot Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Antoine Gaujot and Julien E. Gaujot Papers, Ms1992-046, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Antoine Gaujot and Julien E. Gaujot Papers, Ms1992-046, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Antoine Gaujot and Julien E. Gaujot Papers was completed in November 2013.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Antoine Gaujot and Julien E. Gaujot Papers was completed in November 2013."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains John Coulter's notes for the book, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eUt prosim \"above \u0026amp; beyond\" : the story of Virginia Tech's Medal of Honor recipients\u003c/title\u003e by John A. Coulter II ; editor, Richard T. Ball ; art editor, Carol Lee Irwin. A copy is in the Rare Book Collection with call number LD5655.A5 C5 2001.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["This collection contains John Coulter's notes for the book,  Ut prosim \"above \u0026 beyond\" : the story of Virginia Tech's Medal of Honor recipients  by John A. Coulter II ; editor, Richard T. Ball ; art editor, Carol Lee Irwin. A copy is in the Rare Book Collection with call number LD5655.A5 C5 2001."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Antoine Gaujot and Julien E. Gaujot Papers contains the papers of two brothers who both attended Virginia Tech and received the Medal of Honor, and the collection includes articles, correspondences, military documents, and photographs. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJulien Gaujot's papers consist of copies from Julien Gaujot's military file giving testimony towards his bravery and service at Agua Prieta, Mexico, on April 13, 1911, and documents awarding him the medal in August 1912. Antoine Gaujot papers include citations and military service, information regarding Antoine's murder by Julien's son in 1936, photographs, correspondence, Lt. Col. John Coulter's notes (for book on Virginia Tech Medal of Honor winners) with descriptions of battles and newspaper articles. Some parts of the collection include photocopies of the originals. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Antoine Gaujot and Julien E. Gaujot Papers contains the papers of two brothers who both attended Virginia Tech and received the Medal of Honor, and the collection includes articles, correspondences, military documents, and photographs. ","Julien Gaujot's papers consist of copies from Julien Gaujot's military file giving testimony towards his bravery and service at Agua Prieta, Mexico, on April 13, 1911, and documents awarding him the medal in August 1912. Antoine Gaujot papers include citations and military service, information regarding Antoine's murder by Julien's son in 1936, photographs, correspondence, Lt. Col. John Coulter's notes (for book on Virginia Tech Medal of Honor winners) with descriptions of battles and newspaper articles. Some parts of the collection include photocopies of the originals. "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_1f65d7e0599e3938264bd0dc0db2cb76\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Antoine Gaujot and Julien E. Gaujot Papers contains the papers of two brothers who both attended Virginia Tech and received the U. S. Medal of Honor. The collection includes articles, correspondence, military documents, and research from about 1840-1999.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Antoine Gaujot and Julien E. Gaujot Papers contains the papers of two brothers who both attended Virginia Tech and received the U. S. Medal of Honor. The collection includes articles, correspondence, military documents, and research from about 1840-1999."],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Gaujot, Antoine August Michel, 1878-1936","Gaujot, Julian Edmond Victor, 1874-1938"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Gaujot family","Coulter, John A., 1953-","Gaujot, Antoine August Michel, 1878-1936","Gaujot, Julian Edmond Victor, 1874-1938"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)"],"famname_ssim":["Gaujot family"],"persname_ssim":["Coulter, John A., 1953-","Gaujot, Antoine August Michel, 1878-1936","Gaujot, Julian Edmond Victor, 1874-1938"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":9,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:30:31.371Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1920"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria Library","value":"Alexandria Library","hits":38},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1872\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"College of William and Mary","value":"College of William and 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