{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1867\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Series\u0026page=101","prev":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1867\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Series\u0026page=100","next":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1867\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Series\u0026page=102","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1867\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Series\u0026page=117"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":101,"next_page":102,"prev_page":100,"total_pages":117,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":1000,"total_count":1162,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4540_c03","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Series III. Military, 1861/1902","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4540_c03#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4540_c03","ref_ssm":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4540_c03"],"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4540_c03","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4540","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4540","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4540","parent_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4540","parent_ssim":["Wharton and Radford Families Papers, 1783/1906"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4540"],"title_filing_ssi":"Series III. Military","title_ssm":["Series III. Military"],"title_tesim":["Series III. Military"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Series III. Military, 1861/1902"],"text":["Series III. Military, 1861/1902","Wharton and Radford Families Papers, 1783/1906"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Wharton and Radford Families Papers, 1783/1906"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Wharton and Radford Families Papers, 1783/1906"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1861/1902"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1861-1902"],"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":1174,"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"collection_ssim":["Wharton and Radford Families Papers, 1783/1906"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":11,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication.","Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"date_range_isim":[1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902],"_nest_path_":"/components#2","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:33:12.556Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4540","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4540","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4540","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4540","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_4540.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Wharton and Radford Families Papers","title_ssm":["Wharton and Radford Families Papers"],"title_tesim":["Wharton and Radford Families Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1783-1906"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1783-1906"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1783/1906"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Wharton and Radford Families Papers, 1783/1906"],"text":["Wharton and Radford Families Papers, 1783/1906","Ms.2025.074","/repositories/2/resources/4540","Montgomery County (Va.)","Radford (Va.)","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Confederate States of America","Confederate States of America -- Army -- Recruiting, enlistment, etc.","Slavery -- United States","Reconstruction (U.S. history, 1865-1877)","The collection is open for research.","Subseries A: Gabriel C. and Nannie (Radford) Wharton, 1863-1865. Arranged chronologically, this subseries includes correspondence between Gabriel C. and Nannie (Radford) Wharton, both during their engagement and after their marriage. \n\nSubseries B: Gabriel C. Wharton Incoming Correspondence, 1842-1905.\n\nSubseries C: Gabriel C. Wharton Outgoing Correspondence, 1842-1874.\n\nSubseries D: Nannie (Radford) Wharton Incoming Correspondence, 1861-1865.\n\nSubseries E: Nannie (Radford) Wharton Outgoing Correspondence, 1861-1863.\n\nSubseries F: Radford Family, 1826-1900.\n\nSubseries G: Wharton Family, 1846-1864.\n\nSubseries H: External Correspondence, 1797-1887. Materials in this subseries are arranged alphabetically by author with the exception of materials relating to the Taylor family, which are grouped together for easier access.","Subseries A: Receipts, Invoices, and Promissory Notes, 1813-1865.\n\nSubseries B: Land Grants and Deeds, 1783-1859.\n\nSubseries C: Enslaved Persons Documents, 1855-1857.\n\nSubseries D: Legal Documents, 1845-1865.","Subseries A: Orders, 1861-1864.\n\nSubseries B: Roll Calls and Reports, 1861-1864, 1902.\n\nSubseries C: Commission, Enlistment, and Transfer Requests, 1848-1864.\n\nSubseries D: Passes, 1863-1865.","Subseries A: Education, 1822-1862.\n\nSubseries B: Newspaper Clippings, 1842, 1904, 1906.\n\nSubseries C: Ephemera, 1851-1902.","The Wharton and Radford families were prominent figures in Southwest Virginia, especially during the 19th century. Dr. John B. Radford is the namesake of Radford, Virginia. Both families had a hand in shaping Southwestern Virginia and leave a lasting legacy.","Gabriel Colvin Wharton (GCW) was born on July 23, 1824 in Culpepper, Virginia, to parents John Redd and Eliza Colvin Wharton. Gabriel (or, often, Gabe) attended private school and multiple academies before enrolling in the Virginia Military Institute in 1845. He graduated with distinction only two years later in 1847. Immediately after graduating, Gabriel held a number of teaching positions, tutoring children in Latin, French, math, and English. A year later, he took a job with the Orange and Alexandria Railroad, getting promoted soon after. By late 1856, Gabriel was chief engineer of the Washington and Alexandria Railroad. He worked in the southwestern United States as a civil engineer from 1857 to 1859 surveying possible road routes. Gabriel continued to work as a civil engineer, often surveying possible road routes until the beginning of the American Civil War. While he was not a staunch secessionist, he did support the economic and social institution of slavery.  A Virginia loyalist and slaveholder, Gabriel held the idea that secession was necessary if state rights were oppressed. In April of 1861, he travelled to Richmond and began working as a lieutenant of engineers, making topographical surveys to assist in siting and erecting fortifications. Gabriel soon became Major Wharton, then Colonel, organizing regiments and marching into battle with General Floyd.","Anne Rebecca \"Nannie\" Radford was born on August 15, 1843 in the New River Valley of southwestern Virginia to parents Dr. John Blair Radford and Elizabeth Campbell Taylor Radford. Nannie enjoyed a privileged upbringing, attending school in Salem, Virginia, and later at Cedar Hill Academy in Montgomery County. The Radford family was well-off; Dr. Radford owned 68 enslaved people and had a net worth of almost $65,000 by 1863. Once the war began, Nannie herself was a staunch supporter of the Confederate cause.","In early 1863, a friend introduced Nannie to Gabriel. By May 14, 1863, they were married. Soon after, he was promoted to brigadier general, effective July 8, 1863. Nannie and Gabriel had one child together, a son named William (Willie). Gabriel continued to serve in the Confederate forces, participating in operations in both the Western and Eastern Theaters, commanding divisions and brigades, and fighting in battles such as Cold Harbor, Monocacy, Cedar Creek, and Waynesboro. On June 4, 1865, Gabriel was paroled from Lynchburg, Virginia.","After the war, Gabriel went back to work at the railroad, overseeing the rebuilding of bridges damaged during the war. After a string of financial troubles, Gabriel ran for a seat in the House of Delegates, becoming a legislator in the Virginia General Assembly in 1871. During his time as state legislator, he helped establish the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College, serving as a member of the Board of Visitors. Gabriel continued to run into business and financial trouble, borrowing money to start businesses like mills, hotels, and newspapers that failed, requiring the Whartons to sell or rent out much of their land to repay their debts. Nannie, frequently depressed and anxious about the state of their finances, managed their affairs when Gabriel went out West again in 1885 to work as an inspector of surveyors general and district land offices for the General Land Office in Washington. He continued to work away from home for the next few years, only returning to southwestern Virginia in 1889. On April 15th of the following year, Nannie died at the age of 46 after a long period of illness and emotional turmoil, most likely connected to earlier liver and bladder problems. After another failed business attempt, Gabriel ran for (and won) a seat in the Virginia House of Delegates in 1897, supporting coining gold and silver, education, and state pensions for Confederate veterans. After dropping from the race the following term, Gabriel began to be more active in Confederate veterans' affairs, still struggling with his own debts. Gabriel seemed to care more about preserving the history of the war than continuing it. On May 11, 1906, he passed away at the age of 80.","The Wharton and Radford families held many enslaved people over the years, including Emeline Pate and Tim Lewis. Emeline and Tim entered a slave marriage in 1858. Purchased by Nannie's uncle James L. Taylor in 1856, Emeline acted as Nannie's personal servant when Taylor died. Also after Taylor died, Tim went with John Radford in 1861 when he went to war. When Nannie and Gabriel were married, Tim and Emeline were given to them as a wedding present. Like Tim did with John Radford, he waited on Gabriel while he was away in the army. Little is known about how Tim and Emeline felt or what they thought about events in their lives, as we only have Nannie and Gabriel's interpretation. Tim and Emeline remained closely involved with the Whartons through the end of the war and after. Sometime in 1864, Tim began to go by William. When Nannie and Gabriel had their son, Emeline took over much of his care. Towards the end of the war, Gabriel told William that if he ever wanted to leave, that he would provide a horse, money, and a pass for William to go north \"as a man\" rather than sneaking away. After the war, like many freed people, William and Emeline stayed on with the Whartons working for wages. They legally reaffirmed their marriage in 1866, living next door to the Whartons while William worked on the Radford farm and Emeline worked as Nannie's housemaid. By 1875, the Lewises were no longer working for the Whartons, but still lived close by. In 1882, they moved to a house and lot in Christiansburg, severing any remaining ties or communication with the Whartons.","The guide to the Wharton and Radford Families Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Wharton and Radford Families Papers was completed in December 2025.","Content Warning: This series does contain references to enslavement, which may be upsetting.","Subseries A: Gabriel C. and Nannie (Radford) Wharton, 1863-1865. This subseries includes correspondence between Gabriel C. and Anne (Nannie) Radford Wharton, both during their engagement and after their marriage. The bulk of their correspondence takes place during the American Civil War while Gabriel C. Wharton (GCW) served in the Confederate Army. Their letters include discussions on the war and troop movements, news of home and family, references to enslaved and formerly enslaved people, and expressions of love. \n\nSubseries B: Gabriel C. Wharton Incoming Correspondence, 1842-1905, contains correspondence addressed to GCW. Topics include the railroad, the war, news of family and friends, the Reconstruction era, politics and pardons, provisions, grievances, enslaved and formerly enslaved people, and invitations.\n\nSubseries C: Gabriel C. Wharton Outgoing Correspondence, 1842-1874, is made up of correspondence authored by GCW. Conversation topics include the war, news of friends and family, provisions, a request for a leave of absence, and a letter of reference. This subseries also includes unsent drafts.\n\nSubseries D: Nannie Radford Wharton Incoming Correspondence, 1861-1865, includes correspondence addressed to Nannie Radford Wharton, discussing news of the war, the death of Col. John Taylor Radford, news of friends and family, enslaved and formerly enslaved people, and provisions. \n\nSubseries E: Nannie Radford Wharton Outgoing Correspondence, 1861-1863. This subseries consists of letters authored by Nannie Radford Wharton, including an unfinished draft of an obituary. Conversation topics include politics and education.\n\nSubseries F: Radford Family, 1826-1900. This subseries includes correspondence both written by and written to members of the Radford family (with the exception of Nannie Radford Wharton). Topics discussed include politics and the war, provisions, news of family and friends, medicine, enslaved and formerly enslaved people, and expressions of sympathy.   \n\nSubseries G: Wharton Family, 1846-1864, contains correspondence written by and to members of the Wharton family (with the exception of Gabriel C. Wharton). Topics include politics, enslaved and formerly enslaved people, provisions, sickness, and news of family and friends.\n\nSubseries H: External Correspondence, 1797-1887. This subseries contains correspondence between individuals not closely related to either the Radford or Wharton families. It may include correspondence from cousins or more distant relations. This subseries contains references to enslaved people.","Content Warning: This series contains materials related to the sale of enslaved persons, which may be upsetting.","Subseries A: Receipts, Invoices, and Promissory Notes, 1813-1865, consists of transaction records for goods and services such as lodging, school supplies, seed, cloth, and food, as well as tax records.\n\nSubseries B: Land Grants and Deeds, 1783-1859. This subseries contains records of land transfers, including deeds, indentures, articles of agreements, and land grants.\n\nSubseries C: Enslaved Persons Documents, 1855-1857. This subseries contains records relating to the sale of enslaved persons.\n\nSubseries D: Legal Documents, 1845-1865, includes various documents such as an arrest warrant, record of a suit, and Dr. John Blair Radford's request for a special pardon from President Johnson.","Subseries A: Orders, 1861-1864, consists of orders and special orders, many addressed to GCW, from higher-ranking officers. These include requests for reports, rules and regulations for soldiers, instructions for troop movements, appointments, and authorizations for recruitment.\n\nSubseries B: Roll Calls and Reports, 1861-1864, 1902, contains roll calls, lists of wounded or killed, documents confirming the reporting of soldiers to their commands, and reports. \n\nSubseries C: Commission, Enlistment, and Transfer Requests, 1848-1864, includes documents such as lists of enlisted or reenlisted soldiers, commission certificates and appointments, and transfer requests. \n\nSubseries D: Passes, 1863-1865, contains documents used to allow passage through certain areas during the war.","Subseries A: Education, 1822-1862, includes materials such as report cards and a letter of acceptance to the Virginia Military Institute.\n\nSubseries B: Newspaper Clippings, 1842, 1904, 1906. This subseries consists of newspaper articles collected by the family that relate to family members or personal events, such as GCW's obituary.\n\nSubseries C: Ephemera, 1851-1902. This subseries contains Confederate States of America currency, stamps, a brochure, a railroad time table, and ephemera such as Confederate Reunion ribbons.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication.","Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This collection is made up of the personal and family papers of the Wharton and Radford families of Southwestern Virginia. While the bulk of the collection relates to Confederate General Gabriel C. Wharton and Anne (Nannie) Radford Wharton, it contains personal materials such as correspondence, financial documents, and family papers from other family members as well. This collection also contains materials related to Wharton's military service.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Wharton, Gabriel C. (Gabriel Colvin), 1824-1906","Radford, John Taylor, 1838-1864","Materials in this collection are in English."],"collection_title_tesim":["Wharton and Radford Families Papers, 1783/1906"],"collection_ssim":["Wharton and Radford Families Papers, 1783/1906"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2025.074","/repositories/2/resources/4540"],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2025.074","/repositories/2/resources/4540"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["Montgomery County (Va.)","Radford (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Montgomery County (Va.)","Radford (Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Montgomery County (Va.)","Radford (Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Wharton, Gabriel C. (Gabriel Colvin), 1824-1906","Radford, John Taylor, 1838-1864"],"creator_ssim":["Wharton, Gabriel C. (Gabriel Colvin), 1824-1906","Radford, John Taylor, 1838-1864"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Wharton, Gabriel C. (Gabriel Colvin), 1824-1906","Radford, John Taylor, 1838-1864"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"creators_ssim":["Wharton, Gabriel C. (Gabriel Colvin), 1824-1906","Radford, John Taylor, 1838-1864","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication.","Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was donated in April 2025."],"access_subjects_ssim":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Confederate States of America","Confederate States of America -- Army -- Recruiting, enlistment, etc.","Slavery -- United States","Reconstruction (U.S. history, 1865-1877)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Confederate States of America","Confederate States of America -- Army -- Recruiting, enlistment, etc.","Slavery -- United States","Reconstruction (U.S. history, 1865-1877)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["7 Cubic Feet 3 boxes; 1 oversize folder"],"extent_tesim":["7 Cubic Feet 3 boxes; 1 oversize folder"],"date_range_isim":[1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cul\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries A: Gabriel C. and Nannie (Radford) Wharton, 1863-1865. Arranged chronologically, this subseries includes correspondence between Gabriel C. and Nannie (Radford) Wharton, both during their engagement and after their marriage. \u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries B: Gabriel C. Wharton Incoming Correspondence, 1842-1905.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries C: Gabriel C. Wharton Outgoing Correspondence, 1842-1874.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries D: Nannie (Radford) Wharton Incoming Correspondence, 1861-1865.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries E: Nannie (Radford) Wharton Outgoing Correspondence, 1861-1863.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries F: Radford Family, 1826-1900.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries G: Wharton Family, 1846-1864.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries H: External Correspondence, 1797-1887. Materials in this subseries are arranged alphabetically by author with the exception of materials relating to the Taylor family, which are grouped together for easier access.\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\nSeries II. Financial and Legal Materials, 1783-1865. \n\n","\u003cul\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries A: Receipts, Invoices, and Promissory Notes, 1813-1865.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries B: Land Grants and Deeds, 1783-1859.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries C: Enslaved Persons Documents, 1855-1857.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries D: Legal Documents, 1845-1865.\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\nSeries III. Military, 1861-1902.\n\n","\u003cul\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries A: Orders, 1861-1864.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries B: Roll Calls and Reports, 1861-1864, 1902.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries C: Commission, Enlistment, and Transfer Requests, 1848-1864.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries D: Passes, 1863-1865.\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\nSeries IV: Family Papers, 1822-1906.\n\n","\u003cul\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries A: Education, 1822-1862.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries B: Newspaper Clippings, 1842, 1904, 1906.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries C: Ephemera, 1851-1902.\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Subseries A: Gabriel C. and Nannie (Radford) Wharton, 1863-1865. Arranged chronologically, this subseries includes correspondence between Gabriel C. and Nannie (Radford) Wharton, both during their engagement and after their marriage. \n\nSubseries B: Gabriel C. Wharton Incoming Correspondence, 1842-1905.\n\nSubseries C: Gabriel C. Wharton Outgoing Correspondence, 1842-1874.\n\nSubseries D: Nannie (Radford) Wharton Incoming Correspondence, 1861-1865.\n\nSubseries E: Nannie (Radford) Wharton Outgoing Correspondence, 1861-1863.\n\nSubseries F: Radford Family, 1826-1900.\n\nSubseries G: Wharton Family, 1846-1864.\n\nSubseries H: External Correspondence, 1797-1887. Materials in this subseries are arranged alphabetically by author with the exception of materials relating to the Taylor family, which are grouped together for easier access.","Subseries A: Receipts, Invoices, and Promissory Notes, 1813-1865.\n\nSubseries B: Land Grants and Deeds, 1783-1859.\n\nSubseries C: Enslaved Persons Documents, 1855-1857.\n\nSubseries D: Legal Documents, 1845-1865.","Subseries A: Orders, 1861-1864.\n\nSubseries B: Roll Calls and Reports, 1861-1864, 1902.\n\nSubseries C: Commission, Enlistment, and Transfer Requests, 1848-1864.\n\nSubseries D: Passes, 1863-1865.","Subseries A: Education, 1822-1862.\n\nSubseries B: Newspaper Clippings, 1842, 1904, 1906.\n\nSubseries C: Ephemera, 1851-1902."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Wharton and Radford families were prominent figures in Southwest Virginia, especially during the 19th century. Dr. John B. Radford is the namesake of Radford, Virginia. Both families had a hand in shaping Southwestern Virginia and leave a lasting legacy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGabriel Colvin Wharton (GCW) was born on July 23, 1824 in Culpepper, Virginia, to parents John Redd and Eliza Colvin Wharton. Gabriel (or, often, Gabe) attended private school and multiple academies before enrolling in the Virginia Military Institute in 1845. He graduated with distinction only two years later in 1847. Immediately after graduating, Gabriel held a number of teaching positions, tutoring children in Latin, French, math, and English. A year later, he took a job with the Orange and Alexandria Railroad, getting promoted soon after. By late 1856, Gabriel was chief engineer of the Washington and Alexandria Railroad. He worked in the southwestern United States as a civil engineer from 1857 to 1859 surveying possible road routes. Gabriel continued to work as a civil engineer, often surveying possible road routes until the beginning of the American Civil War. While he was not a staunch secessionist, he did support the economic and social institution of slavery.  A Virginia loyalist and slaveholder, Gabriel held the idea that secession was necessary if state rights were oppressed. In April of 1861, he travelled to Richmond and began working as a lieutenant of engineers, making topographical surveys to assist in siting and erecting fortifications. Gabriel soon became Major Wharton, then Colonel, organizing regiments and marching into battle with General Floyd. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAnne Rebecca \"Nannie\" Radford was born on August 15, 1843 in the New River Valley of southwestern Virginia to parents Dr. John Blair Radford and Elizabeth Campbell Taylor Radford. Nannie enjoyed a privileged upbringing, attending school in Salem, Virginia, and later at Cedar Hill Academy in Montgomery County. The Radford family was well-off; Dr. Radford owned 68 enslaved people and had a net worth of almost $65,000 by 1863. Once the war began, Nannie herself was a staunch supporter of the Confederate cause. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn early 1863, a friend introduced Nannie to Gabriel. By May 14, 1863, they were married. Soon after, he was promoted to brigadier general, effective July 8, 1863. Nannie and Gabriel had one child together, a son named William (Willie). Gabriel continued to serve in the Confederate forces, participating in operations in both the Western and Eastern Theaters, commanding divisions and brigades, and fighting in battles such as Cold Harbor, Monocacy, Cedar Creek, and Waynesboro. On June 4, 1865, Gabriel was paroled from Lynchburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter the war, Gabriel went back to work at the railroad, overseeing the rebuilding of bridges damaged during the war. After a string of financial troubles, Gabriel ran for a seat in the House of Delegates, becoming a legislator in the Virginia General Assembly in 1871. During his time as state legislator, he helped establish the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College, serving as a member of the Board of Visitors. Gabriel continued to run into business and financial trouble, borrowing money to start businesses like mills, hotels, and newspapers that failed, requiring the Whartons to sell or rent out much of their land to repay their debts. Nannie, frequently depressed and anxious about the state of their finances, managed their affairs when Gabriel went out West again in 1885 to work as an inspector of surveyors general and district land offices for the General Land Office in Washington. He continued to work away from home for the next few years, only returning to southwestern Virginia in 1889. On April 15th of the following year, Nannie died at the age of 46 after a long period of illness and emotional turmoil, most likely connected to earlier liver and bladder problems. After another failed business attempt, Gabriel ran for (and won) a seat in the Virginia House of Delegates in 1897, supporting coining gold and silver, education, and state pensions for Confederate veterans. After dropping from the race the following term, Gabriel began to be more active in Confederate veterans' affairs, still struggling with his own debts. Gabriel seemed to care more about preserving the history of the war than continuing it. On May 11, 1906, he passed away at the age of 80.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Wharton and Radford families held many enslaved people over the years, including Emeline Pate and Tim Lewis. Emeline and Tim entered a slave marriage in 1858. Purchased by Nannie's uncle James L. Taylor in 1856, Emeline acted as Nannie's personal servant when Taylor died. Also after Taylor died, Tim went with John Radford in 1861 when he went to war. When Nannie and Gabriel were married, Tim and Emeline were given to them as a wedding present. Like Tim did with John Radford, he waited on Gabriel while he was away in the army. Little is known about how Tim and Emeline felt or what they thought about events in their lives, as we only have Nannie and Gabriel's interpretation. Tim and Emeline remained closely involved with the Whartons through the end of the war and after. Sometime in 1864, Tim began to go by William. When Nannie and Gabriel had their son, Emeline took over much of his care. Towards the end of the war, Gabriel told William that if he ever wanted to leave, that he would provide a horse, money, and a pass for William to go north \"as a man\" rather than sneaking away. After the war, like many freed people, William and Emeline stayed on with the Whartons working for wages. They legally reaffirmed their marriage in 1866, living next door to the Whartons while William worked on the Radford farm and Emeline worked as Nannie's housemaid. By 1875, the Lewises were no longer working for the Whartons, but still lived close by. In 1882, they moved to a house and lot in Christiansburg, severing any remaining ties or communication with the Whartons.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Wharton and Radford families were prominent figures in Southwest Virginia, especially during the 19th century. Dr. John B. Radford is the namesake of Radford, Virginia. Both families had a hand in shaping Southwestern Virginia and leave a lasting legacy.","Gabriel Colvin Wharton (GCW) was born on July 23, 1824 in Culpepper, Virginia, to parents John Redd and Eliza Colvin Wharton. Gabriel (or, often, Gabe) attended private school and multiple academies before enrolling in the Virginia Military Institute in 1845. He graduated with distinction only two years later in 1847. Immediately after graduating, Gabriel held a number of teaching positions, tutoring children in Latin, French, math, and English. A year later, he took a job with the Orange and Alexandria Railroad, getting promoted soon after. By late 1856, Gabriel was chief engineer of the Washington and Alexandria Railroad. He worked in the southwestern United States as a civil engineer from 1857 to 1859 surveying possible road routes. Gabriel continued to work as a civil engineer, often surveying possible road routes until the beginning of the American Civil War. While he was not a staunch secessionist, he did support the economic and social institution of slavery.  A Virginia loyalist and slaveholder, Gabriel held the idea that secession was necessary if state rights were oppressed. In April of 1861, he travelled to Richmond and began working as a lieutenant of engineers, making topographical surveys to assist in siting and erecting fortifications. Gabriel soon became Major Wharton, then Colonel, organizing regiments and marching into battle with General Floyd.","Anne Rebecca \"Nannie\" Radford was born on August 15, 1843 in the New River Valley of southwestern Virginia to parents Dr. John Blair Radford and Elizabeth Campbell Taylor Radford. Nannie enjoyed a privileged upbringing, attending school in Salem, Virginia, and later at Cedar Hill Academy in Montgomery County. The Radford family was well-off; Dr. Radford owned 68 enslaved people and had a net worth of almost $65,000 by 1863. Once the war began, Nannie herself was a staunch supporter of the Confederate cause.","In early 1863, a friend introduced Nannie to Gabriel. By May 14, 1863, they were married. Soon after, he was promoted to brigadier general, effective July 8, 1863. Nannie and Gabriel had one child together, a son named William (Willie). Gabriel continued to serve in the Confederate forces, participating in operations in both the Western and Eastern Theaters, commanding divisions and brigades, and fighting in battles such as Cold Harbor, Monocacy, Cedar Creek, and Waynesboro. On June 4, 1865, Gabriel was paroled from Lynchburg, Virginia.","After the war, Gabriel went back to work at the railroad, overseeing the rebuilding of bridges damaged during the war. After a string of financial troubles, Gabriel ran for a seat in the House of Delegates, becoming a legislator in the Virginia General Assembly in 1871. During his time as state legislator, he helped establish the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College, serving as a member of the Board of Visitors. Gabriel continued to run into business and financial trouble, borrowing money to start businesses like mills, hotels, and newspapers that failed, requiring the Whartons to sell or rent out much of their land to repay their debts. Nannie, frequently depressed and anxious about the state of their finances, managed their affairs when Gabriel went out West again in 1885 to work as an inspector of surveyors general and district land offices for the General Land Office in Washington. He continued to work away from home for the next few years, only returning to southwestern Virginia in 1889. On April 15th of the following year, Nannie died at the age of 46 after a long period of illness and emotional turmoil, most likely connected to earlier liver and bladder problems. After another failed business attempt, Gabriel ran for (and won) a seat in the Virginia House of Delegates in 1897, supporting coining gold and silver, education, and state pensions for Confederate veterans. After dropping from the race the following term, Gabriel began to be more active in Confederate veterans' affairs, still struggling with his own debts. Gabriel seemed to care more about preserving the history of the war than continuing it. On May 11, 1906, he passed away at the age of 80.","The Wharton and Radford families held many enslaved people over the years, including Emeline Pate and Tim Lewis. Emeline and Tim entered a slave marriage in 1858. Purchased by Nannie's uncle James L. Taylor in 1856, Emeline acted as Nannie's personal servant when Taylor died. Also after Taylor died, Tim went with John Radford in 1861 when he went to war. When Nannie and Gabriel were married, Tim and Emeline were given to them as a wedding present. Like Tim did with John Radford, he waited on Gabriel while he was away in the army. Little is known about how Tim and Emeline felt or what they thought about events in their lives, as we only have Nannie and Gabriel's interpretation. Tim and Emeline remained closely involved with the Whartons through the end of the war and after. Sometime in 1864, Tim began to go by William. When Nannie and Gabriel had their son, Emeline took over much of his care. Towards the end of the war, Gabriel told William that if he ever wanted to leave, that he would provide a horse, money, and a pass for William to go north \"as a man\" rather than sneaking away. After the war, like many freed people, William and Emeline stayed on with the Whartons working for wages. They legally reaffirmed their marriage in 1866, living next door to the Whartons while William worked on the Radford farm and Emeline worked as Nannie's housemaid. By 1875, the Lewises were no longer working for the Whartons, but still lived close by. In 1882, they moved to a house and lot in Christiansburg, severing any remaining ties or communication with the Whartons."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Wharton and Radford Families Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003cextref href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/extref\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Wharton and Radford Families Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Wharton and Radford Families Papers, 1783-1906, Ms2025-074, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Wharton and Radford Families Papers, 1783-1906, Ms2025-074, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Wharton and Radford Families Papers was completed in December 2025.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Wharton and Radford Families Papers was completed in December 2025."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003e Content Warning: This series does contain references to enslavement, which may be upsetting.\u003c/emph\u003e\n\n","\u003cul\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries A: Gabriel C. and Nannie (Radford) Wharton, 1863-1865. This subseries includes correspondence between Gabriel C. and Anne (Nannie) Radford Wharton, both during their engagement and after their marriage. The bulk of their correspondence takes place during the American Civil War while Gabriel C. Wharton (GCW) served in the Confederate Army. Their letters include discussions on the war and troop movements, news of home and family, references to enslaved and formerly enslaved people, and expressions of love. \u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries B: Gabriel C. Wharton Incoming Correspondence, 1842-1905, contains correspondence addressed to GCW. Topics include the railroad, the war, news of family and friends, the Reconstruction era, politics and pardons, provisions, grievances, enslaved and formerly enslaved people, and invitations.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries C: Gabriel C. Wharton Outgoing Correspondence, 1842-1874, is made up of correspondence authored by GCW. Conversation topics include the war, news of friends and family, provisions, a request for a leave of absence, and a letter of reference. This subseries also includes unsent drafts.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries D: Nannie Radford Wharton Incoming Correspondence, 1861-1865, includes correspondence addressed to Nannie Radford Wharton, discussing news of the war, the death of Col. John Taylor Radford, news of friends and family, enslaved and formerly enslaved people, and provisions. \u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries E: Nannie Radford Wharton Outgoing Correspondence, 1861-1863. This subseries consists of letters authored by Nannie Radford Wharton, including an unfinished draft of an obituary. Conversation topics include politics and education.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries F: Radford Family, 1826-1900. This subseries includes correspondence both written by and written to members of the Radford family (with the exception of Nannie Radford Wharton). Topics discussed include politics and the war, provisions, news of family and friends, medicine, enslaved and formerly enslaved people, and expressions of sympathy.  \u003c/li\u003e \n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries G: Wharton Family, 1846-1864, contains correspondence written by and to members of the Wharton family (with the exception of Gabriel C. Wharton). Topics include politics, enslaved and formerly enslaved people, provisions, sickness, and news of family and friends.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries H: External Correspondence, 1797-1887. This subseries contains correspondence between individuals not closely related to either the Radford or Wharton families. It may include correspondence from cousins or more distant relations. This subseries contains references to enslaved people.\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\nSeries II. Financial and Legal Materials, 1783-1865. This series is made up of financial and legal documents, including tax documents, receipts, promissory notes, land grants, an arrest warrant, communication with the Treasury Department of the Confederate States, and a pardon request. ","\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eContent Warning: This series contains materials related to the sale of enslaved persons, which may be upsetting.\u003c/emph\u003e\n\n","\u003cul\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries A: Receipts, Invoices, and Promissory Notes, 1813-1865, consists of transaction records for goods and services such as lodging, school supplies, seed, cloth, and food, as well as tax records.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries B: Land Grants and Deeds, 1783-1859. This subseries contains records of land transfers, including deeds, indentures, articles of agreements, and land grants.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries C: Enslaved Persons Documents, 1855-1857. This subseries contains records relating to the sale of enslaved persons.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries D: Legal Documents, 1845-1865, includes various documents such as an arrest warrant, record of a suit, and Dr. John Blair Radford's request for a special pardon from President Johnson.\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e    \nSeries III. Military Documents, 1861-1902. This series includes materials related to the military aspects of the American Civil War. These materials largely relate to the service of Gabriel C. Wharton during his time in the Confederate Army. In addition to orders, roll calls, enlistment records, and passes, this series contains hand-drawn maps of relevant areas and post-war oaths of allegiance to the United States of America.\n\n","\u003cul\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries A: Orders, 1861-1864, consists of orders and special orders, many addressed to GCW, from higher-ranking officers. These include requests for reports, rules and regulations for soldiers, instructions for troop movements, appointments, and authorizations for recruitment.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries B: Roll Calls and Reports, 1861-1864, 1902, contains roll calls, lists of wounded or killed, documents confirming the reporting of soldiers to their commands, and reports.\u003c/li\u003e \n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries C: Commission, Enlistment, and Transfer Requests, 1848-1864, includes documents such as lists of enlisted or reenlisted soldiers, commission certificates and appointments, and transfer requests.\u003c/li\u003e \n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries D: Passes, 1863-1865, contains documents used to allow passage through certain areas during the war.\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e    \nSeries IV: Family Papers, 1822-1906. Due to the blended nature of the materials and their origins, this series is not restricted to one family, rather, it contains material from all families represented in the collection. Documents not contained in a subseries include a hand-drawn map of the geology of the Ramapo mountain region in New York and New Jersey as well as GCW's pocket diary from February to August of 1863. \n\n","\u003cul\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries A: Education, 1822-1862, includes materials such as report cards and a letter of acceptance to the Virginia Military Institute.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries B: Newspaper Clippings, 1842, 1904, 1906. This subseries consists of newspaper articles collected by the family that relate to family members or personal events, such as GCW's obituary.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries C: Ephemera, 1851-1902. This subseries contains Confederate States of America currency, stamps, a brochure, a railroad time table, and ephemera such as Confederate Reunion ribbons.\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\n  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Content Warning: This series does contain references to enslavement, which may be upsetting.","Subseries A: Gabriel C. and Nannie (Radford) Wharton, 1863-1865. This subseries includes correspondence between Gabriel C. and Anne (Nannie) Radford Wharton, both during their engagement and after their marriage. The bulk of their correspondence takes place during the American Civil War while Gabriel C. Wharton (GCW) served in the Confederate Army. Their letters include discussions on the war and troop movements, news of home and family, references to enslaved and formerly enslaved people, and expressions of love. \n\nSubseries B: Gabriel C. Wharton Incoming Correspondence, 1842-1905, contains correspondence addressed to GCW. Topics include the railroad, the war, news of family and friends, the Reconstruction era, politics and pardons, provisions, grievances, enslaved and formerly enslaved people, and invitations.\n\nSubseries C: Gabriel C. Wharton Outgoing Correspondence, 1842-1874, is made up of correspondence authored by GCW. Conversation topics include the war, news of friends and family, provisions, a request for a leave of absence, and a letter of reference. This subseries also includes unsent drafts.\n\nSubseries D: Nannie Radford Wharton Incoming Correspondence, 1861-1865, includes correspondence addressed to Nannie Radford Wharton, discussing news of the war, the death of Col. John Taylor Radford, news of friends and family, enslaved and formerly enslaved people, and provisions. \n\nSubseries E: Nannie Radford Wharton Outgoing Correspondence, 1861-1863. This subseries consists of letters authored by Nannie Radford Wharton, including an unfinished draft of an obituary. Conversation topics include politics and education.\n\nSubseries F: Radford Family, 1826-1900. This subseries includes correspondence both written by and written to members of the Radford family (with the exception of Nannie Radford Wharton). Topics discussed include politics and the war, provisions, news of family and friends, medicine, enslaved and formerly enslaved people, and expressions of sympathy.   \n\nSubseries G: Wharton Family, 1846-1864, contains correspondence written by and to members of the Wharton family (with the exception of Gabriel C. Wharton). Topics include politics, enslaved and formerly enslaved people, provisions, sickness, and news of family and friends.\n\nSubseries H: External Correspondence, 1797-1887. This subseries contains correspondence between individuals not closely related to either the Radford or Wharton families. It may include correspondence from cousins or more distant relations. This subseries contains references to enslaved people.","Content Warning: This series contains materials related to the sale of enslaved persons, which may be upsetting.","Subseries A: Receipts, Invoices, and Promissory Notes, 1813-1865, consists of transaction records for goods and services such as lodging, school supplies, seed, cloth, and food, as well as tax records.\n\nSubseries B: Land Grants and Deeds, 1783-1859. This subseries contains records of land transfers, including deeds, indentures, articles of agreements, and land grants.\n\nSubseries C: Enslaved Persons Documents, 1855-1857. This subseries contains records relating to the sale of enslaved persons.\n\nSubseries D: Legal Documents, 1845-1865, includes various documents such as an arrest warrant, record of a suit, and Dr. John Blair Radford's request for a special pardon from President Johnson.","Subseries A: Orders, 1861-1864, consists of orders and special orders, many addressed to GCW, from higher-ranking officers. These include requests for reports, rules and regulations for soldiers, instructions for troop movements, appointments, and authorizations for recruitment.\n\nSubseries B: Roll Calls and Reports, 1861-1864, 1902, contains roll calls, lists of wounded or killed, documents confirming the reporting of soldiers to their commands, and reports. \n\nSubseries C: Commission, Enlistment, and Transfer Requests, 1848-1864, includes documents such as lists of enlisted or reenlisted soldiers, commission certificates and appointments, and transfer requests. \n\nSubseries D: Passes, 1863-1865, contains documents used to allow passage through certain areas during the war.","Subseries A: Education, 1822-1862, includes materials such as report cards and a letter of acceptance to the Virginia Military Institute.\n\nSubseries B: Newspaper Clippings, 1842, 1904, 1906. This subseries consists of newspaper articles collected by the family that relate to family members or personal events, such as GCW's obituary.\n\nSubseries C: Ephemera, 1851-1902. This subseries contains Confederate States of America currency, stamps, a brochure, a railroad time table, and ephemera such as Confederate Reunion ribbons."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePlease contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication.","Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e618e9a9170b925d5ffa8d5c7635be0b\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection is made up of the personal and family papers of the Wharton and Radford families of Southwestern Virginia. While the bulk of the collection relates to Confederate General Gabriel C. Wharton and Anne (Nannie) Radford Wharton, it contains personal materials such as correspondence, financial documents, and family papers from other family members as well. This collection also contains materials related to Wharton's military service.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection is made up of the personal and family papers of the Wharton and Radford families of Southwestern Virginia. While the bulk of the collection relates to Confederate General Gabriel C. Wharton and Anne (Nannie) Radford Wharton, it contains personal materials such as correspondence, financial documents, and family papers from other family members as well. This collection also contains materials related to Wharton's military service."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Wharton, Gabriel C. (Gabriel Colvin), 1824-1906","Radford, John Taylor, 1838-1864"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Wharton, Gabriel C. (Gabriel Colvin), 1824-1906","Radford, John Taylor, 1838-1864"],"language_ssim":["Materials in this collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1313,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:33:12.556Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4540_c03"}},{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_105_c03","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Series III: Miscellaneous, 1856/1927","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_105_c03#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis series contains miscellaneous materials, among which are a brief genealogical chart of the Hewins family and a newspaper obituary for Charles Hewins.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_105_c03#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_105_c03","ref_ssm":["vino_repositories_5_resources_105_c03"],"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_105_c03","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_105","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_105","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_105","parent_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_105","parent_ssim":["Charles E. Hewins Papers, 1856/1951"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vino_repositories_5_resources_105"],"title_filing_ssi":"Series III: Miscellaneous","title_ssm":["Series III: Miscellaneous"],"title_tesim":["Series III: Miscellaneous"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Series III: Miscellaneous, 1856/1927"],"text":["Series III: Miscellaneous, 1856/1927","Charles E. Hewins Papers, 1856/1951","This series contains miscellaneous materials, among which are a brief genealogical chart of the Hewins family and a newspaper obituary for Charles Hewins."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Charles E. Hewins Papers, 1856/1951"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Charles E. Hewins Papers, 1856/1951"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1856/1927"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1856, 1927, undated"],"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":42,"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"collection_ssim":["Charles E. Hewins Papers, 1856/1951"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":1,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Open to researchers without restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"date_range_isim":[1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7C87a4aa13-6a96-4ea2-82ae-6ebd878c6b35/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Related Digital Material"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["ODU Digital Collections"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis series contains miscellaneous materials, among which are a brief genealogical chart of the Hewins family and a newspaper obituary for Charles Hewins.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This series contains miscellaneous materials, among which are a brief genealogical chart of the Hewins family and a newspaper obituary for Charles Hewins."],"_nest_path_":"/components#2","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:21.092Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_105","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_105","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_105","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_105","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_5_resources_105.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archivesguides.lib.odu.edu/repositories/5/resources/105","title_filing_ssi":"Hewins, Charles E.","title_ssm":["Charles E. Hewins Papers"],"title_tesim":["Charles E. Hewins Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1856-1951, undated","Date acquired: 03/10/1978"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1856-1951, undated"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 03/10/1978"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1856/1951"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charles E. Hewins Papers, 1856/1951"],"text":["Charles E. Hewins Papers, 1856/1951","MG 26","/repositories/5/resources/105","United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865","United States. Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands","Battle of, Galveston, Tex., 1863","Civic leaders--Virginia--Hampton","Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865--Assassination","Sherman's March to the Sea","Hampton Roads (Va. : Region)--History, Military","letters (correspondence)","Open to researchers without restrictions.","The collection is organized into three series: Series I: Correspondence; Series II: Military Records; Series III: Miscellaneous. The correspondence is arranged by receipient.","Captain Charles Hewins was born in Dorchester, Mass., September 2, 1841 and was the second of six children born to John and Charlotte Hewins. Volunteering at the beginning of the Civil War in the Union Army, Hewins was enrolled in Company I, 42nd Massachusetts Infantry. Hewins served in Company I until January 1863 when he was taken prisoner at Galveston, Texas. During this same year, Charles' oldest brother William was killed at the Battle of Chancellorsville. Charles however, was fortunately paroled after a short confinement in a prisoner of war camp. After a prisoner exchange was arranged at New Orleans, Hewins returned for a brief period to his home in Dorchester and then came to Fort Monroe near the close of the Civil War. While stationed at Fort Monroe, Hewins and his friend Albert Howe served under Captain Charles Wilder in the Freedman's Bureau. Following the war, both Hewins and Howe began collaborating in the general mercantile business in Hampton, Virginia.","A few years later, Charles Hewins began developing his business interests in oyster planting and harvesting. He remained in the oyster field for the rest of his life, and during the first year of business, owned and sailed two vessels, The Independence and The Farmer's Return. As one of the pioneer oyster planters of Virginia, Hewins held oyster grounds at Ballast Marsh and Hampton Bar.","On March 31, 1891 Charles Hewins married Mary E. Coats of New York state, at the time a teacher at the Hampton Institute. They resided until his death in the home that he had built on a tract of land purchased from the former Bates Estate.","Charles Hewins was active in community affairs and was a member of St. Tammany Lodge No. 5, A.F. \u0026 A.M., and of the Hampton Commandry, Knights Templar. In 1927 Hewins suffered a stroke of paralysis and died several months later, at the age of 86.","Among those who survived Charles Hewins was his only son, Edward F. Hewins. Edward Hewins was born in 1893 in Hampton, Virginia and is the donor of the Hewins Papers to the Old Dominion University Department of Archives and Manuscripts. Educated at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Edward Hewins achieved prominence in the Tidewater area as a marine architect at the Newport News Shipbuilding Drydock Company. As was his father, he was active in local civic organizations until well advanced in years.","Note written by Susan E. Yates","For preservation reasons, researchers should use the digitized documents in ODU Libraries Digital Collections.","The collection contains letters, military records, and other material related to Charles E. Hewins, a Massachusetts soldier who fought in the American Civil War. The bulk of the collection consists of letters written to and from Hewins, mostly dealing with the Civil War. Some of the topics include the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, General Sherman's southern campaign, and daily life during the war. The collection also contains military records for Hewins as well as a genealogical chart of his family. The collection has been digitized and can be found in the Old Dominion University Libraries Digital Collections.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","Relates primarily to Captain Charles E. Hewins (1841-1927), a Union soldier who settled in Hampton, Virginia after the war. Contains correspondence, and Civil War military papers documenting his activities in the Civil War and Reconstruction.","ODU Community Collections","United States. Army. Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, 42nd","Hewins, Charles E. (1841-1927)","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Charles E. Hewins Papers, 1856/1951"],"collection_ssim":["Charles E. Hewins Papers, 1856/1951"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MG 26","/repositories/5/resources/105"],"unitid_tesim":["MG 26","/repositories/5/resources/105"],"repository_ssm":["Old Dominion University"],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"geogname_ssm":["United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865","United States. Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands"],"geogname_ssim":["United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865","United States. Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands"],"places_ssim":["United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865","United States. Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands"],"creator_ssm":["Hewins, Charles E. (1841-1927)"],"creator_ssim":["Hewins, Charles E. (1841-1927)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Hewins, Charles E. (1841-1927)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","United States. Army. Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, 42nd"],"creators_ssim":["Hewins, Charles E. (1841-1927)","ODU Community Collections","United States. Army. Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, 42nd"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Mr. Edward F. Hewins","Gift. Accession #A78-19"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Battle of, Galveston, Tex., 1863","Civic leaders--Virginia--Hampton","Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865--Assassination","Sherman's March to the Sea","Hampton Roads (Va. : Region)--History, Military","letters (correspondence)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Battle of, Galveston, Tex., 1863","Civic leaders--Virginia--Hampton","Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865--Assassination","Sherman's March to the Sea","Hampton Roads (Va. : Region)--History, Military","letters (correspondence)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.20 Linear Feet","One half Hollinger document case boxes"],"extent_tesim":["0.20 Linear Feet","One half Hollinger document case boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["letters (correspondence)"],"date_range_isim":[1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1978],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOpen to researchers without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Open to researchers without restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into three series: Series I: Correspondence; Series II: Military Records; Series III: Miscellaneous. The correspondence is arranged by receipient.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into three series: Series I: Correspondence; Series II: Military Records; Series III: Miscellaneous. The correspondence is arranged by receipient."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCaptain Charles Hewins was born in Dorchester, Mass., September 2, 1841 and was the second of six children born to John and Charlotte Hewins. Volunteering at the beginning of the Civil War in the Union Army, Hewins was enrolled in Company I, 42nd Massachusetts Infantry. Hewins served in Company I until January 1863 when he was taken prisoner at Galveston, Texas. During this same year, Charles' oldest brother William was killed at the Battle of Chancellorsville. Charles however, was fortunately paroled after a short confinement in a prisoner of war camp. After a prisoner exchange was arranged at New Orleans, Hewins returned for a brief period to his home in Dorchester and then came to Fort Monroe near the close of the Civil War. While stationed at Fort Monroe, Hewins and his friend Albert Howe served under Captain Charles Wilder in the Freedman's Bureau. Following the war, both Hewins and Howe began collaborating in the general mercantile business in Hampton, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA few years later, Charles Hewins began developing his business interests in oyster planting and harvesting. He remained in the oyster field for the rest of his life, and during the first year of business, owned and sailed two vessels, The Independence and The Farmer's Return. As one of the pioneer oyster planters of Virginia, Hewins held oyster grounds at Ballast Marsh and Hampton Bar.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn March 31, 1891 Charles Hewins married Mary E. Coats of New York state, at the time a teacher at the Hampton Institute. They resided until his death in the home that he had built on a tract of land purchased from the former Bates Estate.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharles Hewins was active in community affairs and was a member of St. Tammany Lodge No. 5, A.F. \u0026amp; A.M., and of the Hampton Commandry, Knights Templar. In 1927 Hewins suffered a stroke of paralysis and died several months later, at the age of 86.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmong those who survived Charles Hewins was his only son, Edward F. Hewins. Edward Hewins was born in 1893 in Hampton, Virginia and is the donor of the Hewins Papers to the Old Dominion University Department of Archives and Manuscripts. Educated at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Edward Hewins achieved prominence in the Tidewater area as a marine architect at the Newport News Shipbuilding Drydock Company. As was his father, he was active in local civic organizations until well advanced in years.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote written by Susan E. Yates\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Captain Charles Hewins was born in Dorchester, Mass., September 2, 1841 and was the second of six children born to John and Charlotte Hewins. Volunteering at the beginning of the Civil War in the Union Army, Hewins was enrolled in Company I, 42nd Massachusetts Infantry. Hewins served in Company I until January 1863 when he was taken prisoner at Galveston, Texas. During this same year, Charles' oldest brother William was killed at the Battle of Chancellorsville. Charles however, was fortunately paroled after a short confinement in a prisoner of war camp. After a prisoner exchange was arranged at New Orleans, Hewins returned for a brief period to his home in Dorchester and then came to Fort Monroe near the close of the Civil War. While stationed at Fort Monroe, Hewins and his friend Albert Howe served under Captain Charles Wilder in the Freedman's Bureau. Following the war, both Hewins and Howe began collaborating in the general mercantile business in Hampton, Virginia.","A few years later, Charles Hewins began developing his business interests in oyster planting and harvesting. He remained in the oyster field for the rest of his life, and during the first year of business, owned and sailed two vessels, The Independence and The Farmer's Return. As one of the pioneer oyster planters of Virginia, Hewins held oyster grounds at Ballast Marsh and Hampton Bar.","On March 31, 1891 Charles Hewins married Mary E. Coats of New York state, at the time a teacher at the Hampton Institute. They resided until his death in the home that he had built on a tract of land purchased from the former Bates Estate.","Charles Hewins was active in community affairs and was a member of St. Tammany Lodge No. 5, A.F. \u0026 A.M., and of the Hampton Commandry, Knights Templar. In 1927 Hewins suffered a stroke of paralysis and died several months later, at the age of 86.","Among those who survived Charles Hewins was his only son, Edward F. Hewins. Edward Hewins was born in 1893 in Hampton, Virginia and is the donor of the Hewins Papers to the Old Dominion University Department of Archives and Manuscripts. Educated at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Edward Hewins achieved prominence in the Tidewater area as a marine architect at the Newport News Shipbuilding Drydock Company. As was his father, he was active in local civic organizations until well advanced in years.","Note written by Susan E. Yates"],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7C03843740-ad44-4370-a698-487ec8bec648/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Related Digital Material"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["ODU Digital Collections"],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFor preservation reasons, researchers should use the digitized documents in \u003ca href=\"https://dc.lib.odu.edu/digital/collection/hewins/search\"\u003eODU Libraries Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Physical Access Requirements"],"phystech_tesim":["For preservation reasons, researchers should use the digitized documents in ODU Libraries Digital Collections."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains letters, military records, and other material related to Charles E. Hewins, a Massachusetts soldier who fought in the American Civil War. The bulk of the collection consists of letters written to and from Hewins, mostly dealing with the Civil War. Some of the topics include the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, General Sherman's southern campaign, and daily life during the war. The collection also contains military records for Hewins as well as a genealogical chart of his family. The collection has been digitized and can be found in the \u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/SO_03843740-ad44-4370-a698-487ec8bec648/\"\u003eOld Dominion University Libraries Digital Collections.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains letters, military records, and other material related to Charles E. Hewins, a Massachusetts soldier who fought in the American Civil War. The bulk of the collection consists of letters written to and from Hewins, mostly dealing with the Civil War. Some of the topics include the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, General Sherman's southern campaign, and daily life during the war. The collection also contains military records for Hewins as well as a genealogical chart of his family. The collection has been digitized and can be found in the Old Dominion University Libraries Digital Collections."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_764157c39486b63c2402ebbefd05721f\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eRelates primarily to Captain Charles E. Hewins (1841-1927), a Union soldier who settled in Hampton, Virginia after the war. Contains correspondence, and Civil War military papers documenting his activities in the Civil War and Reconstruction.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Relates primarily to Captain Charles E. Hewins (1841-1927), a Union soldier who settled in Hampton, Virginia after the war. Contains correspondence, and Civil War military papers documenting his activities in the Civil War and Reconstruction."],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","United States. Army. Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, 42nd"],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. Army. Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, 42nd","Hewins, Charles E. (1841-1927)"],"persname_ssim":["Hewins, Charles E. (1841-1927)"],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","United States. Army. Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, 42nd","Hewins, Charles E. (1841-1927)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":47,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:21.092Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_105_c03"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1363_c03","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Series III. Naturalists Biographical Files, 1825/1971","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1363_c03#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1363_c03","ref_ssm":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1363_c03"],"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1363_c03","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1363","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1363","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1363","parent_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1363","parent_ssim":["Bailey-Law Collection, 1825/1971"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1363"],"title_filing_ssi":"Series III. Naturalists Biographical Files","title_ssm":["Series III. Naturalists Biographical Files"],"title_tesim":["Series III. Naturalists Biographical Files"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Series III. Naturalists Biographical Files, 1825/1971"],"text":["Series III. Naturalists Biographical Files, 1825/1971","Bailey-Law Collection, 1825/1971"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Bailey-Law Collection, 1825/1971"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Bailey-Law Collection, 1825/1971"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1825/1971"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1825-1971"],"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":134,"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"collection_ssim":["Bailey-Law Collection, 1825/1971"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":2,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"date_range_isim":[1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971],"_nest_path_":"/components#2","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:29:20.309Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1363","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1363","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1363","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1363","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1363.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Bailey-Law Collection","title_ssm":["Bailey-Law Collection"],"title_tesim":["Bailey-Law Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1825-1971"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1825-1971"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1825/1971"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Bailey-Law Collection, 1825/1971"],"text":["Bailey-Law Collection, 1825/1971","Ms.1982.002","Ornithology","Science and Technology","The collection is open for research.","Some of this collection has been digitized and is available online.","Born in East Orange, New Jersey on October 13, 1878, Harold Harris Bailey was the son of Harold Balch Bailey and Lillie Adams Taylor. As a child, Bailey moved with his parents to Newport News, Virginia, and in 1906, he married Ida Margaret Eschenburg. Bailey worked as a naval architect and ship broker, perhaps while living in California, then returned to Newport News. He served four years as game inspector for Virginia and Maryland before resigning in 1918 to devote all of his time to the management of his farm on the James River in Virginia. Meanwhile, inheriting an interest in ornithology from his father, Bailey had published The Birds of Virginia in 1913.","Bailey moved with his wife and children to Miami, Florida, where he worked with the Bureau of Biological Survey and published The Birds of Florida in 1925. During his years in Florida, Bailey was instrumental in the establishment of Everglades National Park.","In 1937, Bailey married Laura Beatty Law, and the couple in 1942 moved with their extensive collections to Goshen, Virginia, where they renovated the abandoned Rockbridge Alum Springs mineral spa and established the Rockbridge Alum Springs Biological Laboratory. In 1961, Bailey established the Bailey Research Trust (later the Bailey Wildlife Foundation). Following Harold Bailey's death on July 24, 1962, Laura Bailey oversaw curatorial duties for the collection and presented it to Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in 1969. She died in Lexington, Virginia on September 18, 1975.","John Eugene Law, son of John and Katherine E. Law, was born in Forest City, Iowa, on August 26, 1877. After graduating from high school in Perry, Iowa, Law attended the University of Wisconsin and Stanford University. Obtaining an A. B. in 1900, he held a series of bank positions in Pomona and Hollywood, California for the next several years before retiring from business in 1914. In 1919, he joined the California Museum of Vertebrate Zoology. Paid one dollar a year, Law served first as a curator in osteology and later as a curator in ptilology.","Though he conducted considerable research (particularly in California and the Chiricahua Mountains of Arizona), published a number of papers and amassed a sizable collection of specimens, a great portion of Law's time was devoted to administrative duties for the Western Bird-banding Association and, to a greater extent, the Cooper Ornithological Club. He joined the COC in 1900 and would hold several key positions (Southern Division president, 1905, 1913-1915; vice-president, 1916-1917; secretary, 1906-1912; business manager, 1907-1925; president, board of governors, 1925).","Law married Laura Mauldin Beatty (1886-1975) in Los Angeles on January 20, 1915. Sharing an interest in ornithology, the couple often performed field work together, especially in bird-banding. John Eugene Law died on November 14, 1931. In 1937, Laura Beatty Law married another ornithologist, Harold Bailey.","The guide to the Bailey-Law Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/).","The processing, arrangement and description of the Bailey-Law Collection commenced in June 2009 and was completed in October 2009.","Books from the Bailey-Law Collection may be found by performing a keyword search on \"Bailey-Law Collection\" in the library's online catalog.","The extensive collection of bird skins, bird eggs, and mammal skins amassed by Law and Bailey were given to Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University's Department of Biology in 1969. In 1990, the collection was transferred to the Virginia Tech branch of the Virginia Museum of Natural History. When the branch closed in 2003, most of the collection was transferred to the Virginia Museum of Natural History in Martinsville; the remainder was retained by Virginia Tech's Department of Biology.","This collection contains the papers of ornithologists John Eugene Law and Harold H. Bailey, including notes on bird species, habitat, and behavior; correspondence; field journals; printed materials; photographs and other images. Among Bailey's papers are files relating to his books, The Birds of Virginia and The Birds of Florida, as well as his operation of the Rockbridge Alum Springs Biological Laboratory. Also includes biographical files on hundreds of other naturalists and ornithologists, including such materials as correspondence, writings, photographs, field notes, and biographical sketches.","The collection is organized into the following series:","Series I. John Eugene Law Papers, 1891-1931. This series is arranged in three subseries:","Subseries A. Correspondence, 1902-1930. Most significant among Law's correspondence is a large collection of letters between Law and Joseph Grinnell, director of the University of California's Museum of Vertebrate Zoology. Also included is correspondence with a handful of other naturalists. Arranged by correspondent name.","Subseries B. Subject files, 1912-1930. This subseries, containing mostly handwritten notes, consists of a collection of subject files maintained by Law concerning bird species, behavior and physiology. Included are large files on toxostoma (probably from Law's 1928 article on the curve-billed thrasher) as well as the Chiricahua Mountains of New Mexico, to which Law devoted a number of research trips. Arranged alphabetically by subject matter.","Subseries C. Research and field work, 1891-1931. This subseries includes materials produced by Law while performing ornithological research in the library and the field. Included are a series of research notebooks consisting largely of data gleaned from published sources. Among the field journals also contained in this subseries are notes on bird, nest and egg observations and collections made in California, Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin and unidentified locations. Arranged by document type.","Series II. Harold Harris Bailey Papers, 1910-1967. This series is arranged in five subseries:","Subseries A. Correspondence, 1915-1959. This small set of letters relates to ornithology as well as more general matters. Arranged chronologically.","Subseries B. Field and Research Work, 1911-1967. Bailey's field notes are contained in this subseries, as are a collection of bird banding records (which were likely commenced by John Eugene Law before being continued by Bailey), and various materials relating to Bailey's collections, including a case--used by both Bailey and his father--for collecting eggs.","Subseries C. Subject Files, 1910-1953. This brief subseries includes a handful of topics on which Bailey collected materials. Foremost among the topics is Bailey's longstanding, albeit seemingly one-sided, feud with the American Ornithologists' Union and the Cooper Ornithological Club, resulting from Bailey's stance on the 1931 A.O.U. checklist and other matters.","Subseries D. Publications, 1913-1947. Included within these files are materials arising from the publication of Bailey's The Birds of Virginia (1913) and The Birds of Florida (1925). The subseries contains production correspondence, promotional material, and sales records. Also included are correspondence and lists relating to the Bulletin of the Bailey Museum and Library of Natural History, together with sample issues of the publication.","Subseries E. Rockbridge Alum Springs, 1945-1962. Various topics relating to the Baileys' establishment and operation of the Rockbridge Alum Springs Biological Laboratory are contained in this subseries. Included are files on Bailey's attempt to have a flyway lake constructed at the springs, an ongoing battle with trespassing hunters, requests for game and fish stock, the possible acquisition of adjoining lands, and the creation of a naturalists portrait gallery. Throughout the correspondence in this subseries, as elsewhere within the collection, Bailey's letters overflow with vitriol and belligerence, particularly against the academic naturalist establishment. When not criticizing fellow naturalists, he directs barbs against such general topics as the New Deal, the Civil Rights Movement, and communism.","Series III. Naturalists Biographical Files, 1825-1971. Comprising the core of the collection, the biographical files represent the Baileys' attempt to compile reference files on 19th- and 20- century naturalists. (The Baileys had titled the collection the Naturalist Autograph Files, but because the collection comprises more than autographs, it was given a broader title during processing.) The collection contains a broad scope of materials, ranging from correspondence to field notes, biographical sketches, printed materials, and photographs. Included among these are items that the Baileys \"inherited\" from other naturalists, as well as materials on a few individuals not known as naturalists, including letters signed by U. S. President Herbert Hoover and author James Branch Cabell, as well as a painting by artist Carl Moon.","Unique among the materials in this series is an autograph book maintained by Harold Balch Bailey, containing the autographs of notable 19th-century personages, including U. S. presidents and other political leaders; Union Army generals; authors; musicians; and artists. Also among the elder Bailey's papers are some documents regarding a 19th-century Massachusetts militia, including an item signed by John Quincy Adams. Other unusual items include Charles Townsend's file of material on Easter Island and a notebook of natural science observations maintained by Herman Haupt Jr. The series is arranged in two subseries:","Subseries A. Numerical files, 1825-1970. The files in this subseries comprise the Baileys' original \"Naturalist Autograph Files\" and remain as the couple compiled them. Each name is associated with a unique number, and the files are arranged numerically, with two indexes to the collection at the end. Many of the names represented in these files may also be found in Subseries II.","Subseries B. Alphabetical files, 1836-1971. The files in this subseries were compiled from materials found loose within the collection. The items seem to have been intended by the Baileys for their autograph files but had yet to be integrated. The collection includes the same types of materials found in the numbered folders but is arranged alphabetically. Many of the names represented in these files may also be found in Subseries I. At the end of the subseries is a bound set of various collectors' egg catalogs.","Series IV. Printed Material, 1882-1969. This series includes a small selection of printed materials deemed best left with the manuscript collection when other printed materials were transferred to the Rare Book Collection. Most significant among the holdings are materials of the Cooper Ornithological Club / Cooper Ornithological Society and a collection of catalogs offering bird eggs, bird skins, cabinetry, and supplies for ornithologists, naturalists and taxidermists. Arranged by subject matter.","Series V. Images, 1904-1942. This series is arranged by format in two subseries:","Subseries A. Color Plates and Other Illustrations, 1913-1922. This subseries consists largely of color plates detached from various illustrated publications, as well as sets of color prints. Other illustrations and paintings associated with individuals may be found in Series III.","Subseries B. Photographs, 1902-1937. Considering the breadth of Bailey and Law's research and collecting activities during a span of several decades, the collection contains relatively few photographs. Included is are full sets of original photos and half-tones used for Bailey's The Birds of Virginia. The photographs have been divided among the following categories: The Birds of Virginia, nests and eggs, birds, people, exhibits, specimens, and scenery. Included among the scenery are a few photos and postcards of Mountain Lake, the Cascades and Castle Rock in Giles County, Virginia. Photographs made by and of identified naturalists may be found in Series III.","The following maps from the collection were transferred to the Historical Map Collection:\n\nAlleghany County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n\nBland County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n\nBotetourt County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n\nCarroll County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n\nCraig County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n\nDelaware - Maryland - Virginia - West Virginia ([S.l.]: Rand McNally \u0026 Co., 1967).\n\nDelaware - Maryland - Virginia - West Virginia ([S.l.]: Rand McNally \u0026 Co., 1972).\n\nDelaware, Maryland, Virginia-West Virginia (San Jose, CA: H. M. Gousha Co., 1973).\n\nFloyd County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n\nGeological Map of the Dominion of Canada ([Ottawa]: Department of the Interior, 1909).\n\nGeorge Washington National Forest, Virginia-West Virginia ([Washington, DC]: U. S. Department of Agriculture, 1950).\n\nGiles County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n\nGrayson County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n\nMap of Mexico (Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society, 1916).\n\nMap of the New Balkan States and Central Europe ([S.l.: National Geographic Society, [1914?]).\n\nMaryland, Delaware, District of Columbia, Virginia, and West Virginia Road Map for 1930 (New York: General Drafting Co., 1938).\n\nMillboro, Virginia Quadrangle (Washington, DC: U. S. Geological Survey, 1949).\n\nThe National Geographic Magazine Map of Mexico ([Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society, 1911?]).\n\nPatrick County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1941).\n\nPittsylvania County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1942).\n\nPittsylvania County [subdivisions] (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, [1942?]).\n\nPresenting Your Map of Rockbridge County, Virginia (Portland, OR: Western States Map Company, [n.d.]).\n\nPulaski County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1947).\n\nRoanoke County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n\nShell Official Road Map of Delaware - Maryland - Virginia - W. Virginia, n.d. (Chicago: H. M. Gousha Co., [1938].\n\nSovereignty and Mandate Boundary Lines in 1921 of the Islands of the Pacific (Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society, 1921).\n\nSubdivisions of Roanoke County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, [1940]).\n\nTerritory of Arizona ([Washington, D.C.: Government Land Office], 1903).\n\nTopographical Map of the Guy's Run Iron Lands, Rockbridge Co., Va. (Staunton, VA: Eng. Office of Jed. Hotchkiss, 1878). [reproduction]\n\nWise County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1947).","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This collection contains the papers of ornithologists John Eugene Law and Harold H. Bailey, including notes on bird species, habitat, and behavior; correspondence; field journals; printed materials; photographs and other images. Among Bailey's papers are files relating to his books, The Birds of Virginia and The Birds of Florida, as well as his operation of the Rockbridge Alum Springs Biological Laboratory. Also includes biographical files on hundreds of other naturalists and ornithologists, including such materials as correspondence, writings, photographs, field notes, and biographical sketches.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Bailey, Harold H. (Harold Harris), 1878-1962","Law, John Eugene, 1877-1931","The materials in the collection are in English."],"collection_title_tesim":["Bailey-Law Collection, 1825/1971"],"collection_ssim":["Bailey-Law Collection, 1825/1971"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1982.002"],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1982.002"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Bailey, Harold H. (Harold Harris), 1878-1962","Law, John Eugene, 1877-1931"],"creator_ssim":["Bailey, Harold H. (Harold Harris), 1878-1962","Law, John Eugene, 1877-1931"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Bailey, Harold H. (Harold Harris), 1878-1962","Law, John Eugene, 1877-1931"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"creators_ssim":["Bailey, Harold H. (Harold Harris), 1878-1962","Law, John Eugene, 1877-1931","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Bailey-Law Collection was obtained in several separate accruals. The lithographed plates from Bailey's The Birds of Florida were donated to Special Collections in 1980. The bulk of the collection, however, was received via transfers from Virginia Tech's Department of Biology in 1982 and from the Virginia Museum of Natural History at Virginia Tech in 2003."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Ornithology","Science and Technology"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Ornithology","Science and Technology"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["15.0 Cubic Feet 36 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["15.0 Cubic Feet 36 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/collections/show/368\"\u003eSome of this collection has been digitized and is available online.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["Some of this collection has been digitized and is available online."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBorn in East Orange, New Jersey on October 13, 1878, Harold Harris Bailey was the son of Harold Balch Bailey and Lillie Adams Taylor. As a child, Bailey moved with his parents to Newport News, Virginia, and in 1906, he married Ida Margaret Eschenburg. Bailey worked as a naval architect and ship broker, perhaps while living in California, then returned to Newport News. He served four years as game inspector for Virginia and Maryland before resigning in 1918 to devote all of his time to the management of his farm on the James River in Virginia. Meanwhile, inheriting an interest in ornithology from his father, Bailey had published The Birds of Virginia in 1913.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBailey moved with his wife and children to Miami, Florida, where he worked with the Bureau of Biological Survey and published The Birds of Florida in 1925. During his years in Florida, Bailey was instrumental in the establishment of Everglades National Park.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1937, Bailey married Laura Beatty Law, and the couple in 1942 moved with their extensive collections to Goshen, Virginia, where they renovated the abandoned Rockbridge Alum Springs mineral spa and established the Rockbridge Alum Springs Biological Laboratory. In 1961, Bailey established the Bailey Research Trust (later the Bailey Wildlife Foundation). Following Harold Bailey's death on July 24, 1962, Laura Bailey oversaw curatorial duties for the collection and presented it to Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in 1969. She died in Lexington, Virginia on September 18, 1975.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eJohn Eugene Law, son of John and Katherine E. Law, was born in Forest City, Iowa, on August 26, 1877. After graduating from high school in Perry, Iowa, Law attended the University of Wisconsin and Stanford University. Obtaining an A. B. in 1900, he held a series of bank positions in Pomona and Hollywood, California for the next several years before retiring from business in 1914. In 1919, he joined the California Museum of Vertebrate Zoology. Paid one dollar a year, Law served first as a curator in osteology and later as a curator in ptilology. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThough he conducted considerable research (particularly in California and the Chiricahua Mountains of Arizona), published a number of papers and amassed a sizable collection of specimens, a great portion of Law's time was devoted to administrative duties for the Western Bird-banding Association and, to a greater extent, the Cooper Ornithological Club. He joined the COC in 1900 and would hold several key positions (Southern Division president, 1905, 1913-1915; vice-president, 1916-1917; secretary, 1906-1912; business manager, 1907-1925; president, board of governors, 1925). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLaw married Laura Mauldin Beatty (1886-1975) in Los Angeles on January 20, 1915. Sharing an interest in ornithology, the couple often performed field work together, especially in bird-banding. John Eugene Law died on November 14, 1931. In 1937, Laura Beatty Law married another ornithologist, Harold Bailey.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note - Harold Harris Bailey","Biographical Note - John Eugene Law"],"bioghist_tesim":["Born in East Orange, New Jersey on October 13, 1878, Harold Harris Bailey was the son of Harold Balch Bailey and Lillie Adams Taylor. As a child, Bailey moved with his parents to Newport News, Virginia, and in 1906, he married Ida Margaret Eschenburg. Bailey worked as a naval architect and ship broker, perhaps while living in California, then returned to Newport News. He served four years as game inspector for Virginia and Maryland before resigning in 1918 to devote all of his time to the management of his farm on the James River in Virginia. Meanwhile, inheriting an interest in ornithology from his father, Bailey had published The Birds of Virginia in 1913.","Bailey moved with his wife and children to Miami, Florida, where he worked with the Bureau of Biological Survey and published The Birds of Florida in 1925. During his years in Florida, Bailey was instrumental in the establishment of Everglades National Park.","In 1937, Bailey married Laura Beatty Law, and the couple in 1942 moved with their extensive collections to Goshen, Virginia, where they renovated the abandoned Rockbridge Alum Springs mineral spa and established the Rockbridge Alum Springs Biological Laboratory. In 1961, Bailey established the Bailey Research Trust (later the Bailey Wildlife Foundation). Following Harold Bailey's death on July 24, 1962, Laura Bailey oversaw curatorial duties for the collection and presented it to Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in 1969. She died in Lexington, Virginia on September 18, 1975.","John Eugene Law, son of John and Katherine E. Law, was born in Forest City, Iowa, on August 26, 1877. After graduating from high school in Perry, Iowa, Law attended the University of Wisconsin and Stanford University. Obtaining an A. B. in 1900, he held a series of bank positions in Pomona and Hollywood, California for the next several years before retiring from business in 1914. In 1919, he joined the California Museum of Vertebrate Zoology. Paid one dollar a year, Law served first as a curator in osteology and later as a curator in ptilology.","Though he conducted considerable research (particularly in California and the Chiricahua Mountains of Arizona), published a number of papers and amassed a sizable collection of specimens, a great portion of Law's time was devoted to administrative duties for the Western Bird-banding Association and, to a greater extent, the Cooper Ornithological Club. He joined the COC in 1900 and would hold several key positions (Southern Division president, 1905, 1913-1915; vice-president, 1916-1917; secretary, 1906-1912; business manager, 1907-1925; president, board of governors, 1925).","Law married Laura Mauldin Beatty (1886-1975) in Los Angeles on January 20, 1915. Sharing an interest in ornithology, the couple often performed field work together, especially in bird-banding. John Eugene Law died on November 14, 1931. In 1937, Laura Beatty Law married another ornithologist, Harold Bailey."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Bailey-Law Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Bailey-Law Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Bailey-Law Collection, Ms1982-002, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Bailey-Law Collection, Ms1982-002, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement and description of the Bailey-Law Collection commenced in June 2009 and was completed in October 2009.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement and description of the Bailey-Law Collection commenced in June 2009 and was completed in October 2009."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBooks from the Bailey-Law Collection may be found by performing a keyword search on \"Bailey-Law Collection\" in the library's \u003cextref href=\"https://catalog.lib.vt.edu/\" title=\"online catalog\"\u003eonline catalog\u003c/extref\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe extensive collection of bird skins, bird eggs, and mammal skins amassed by Law and Bailey were given to Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University's Department of Biology in 1969. In 1990, the collection was transferred to the Virginia Tech branch of the Virginia Museum of Natural History. When the branch closed in 2003, most of the collection was transferred to the Virginia Museum of Natural History in Martinsville; the remainder was retained by Virginia Tech's Department of Biology. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Archival Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Books from the Bailey-Law Collection may be found by performing a keyword search on \"Bailey-Law Collection\" in the library's online catalog.","The extensive collection of bird skins, bird eggs, and mammal skins amassed by Law and Bailey were given to Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University's Department of Biology in 1969. In 1990, the collection was transferred to the Virginia Tech branch of the Virginia Museum of Natural History. When the branch closed in 2003, most of the collection was transferred to the Virginia Museum of Natural History in Martinsville; the remainder was retained by Virginia Tech's Department of Biology."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the papers of ornithologists John Eugene Law and Harold H. Bailey, including notes on bird species, habitat, and behavior; correspondence; field journals; printed materials; photographs and other images. Among Bailey's papers are files relating to his books, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Birds of Virginia\u003c/title\u003e and \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Birds of Florida\u003c/title\u003e, as well as his operation of the Rockbridge Alum Springs Biological Laboratory. Also includes biographical files on hundreds of other naturalists and ornithologists, including such materials as correspondence, writings, photographs, field notes, and biographical sketches.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into the following series: \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries I. John Eugene Law Papers, 1891-1931. This series is arranged in three subseries:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries A. Correspondence, 1902-1930. Most significant among Law's correspondence is a large collection of letters between Law and Joseph Grinnell, director of the University of California's Museum of Vertebrate Zoology. Also included is correspondence with a handful of other naturalists. Arranged by correspondent name.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries B. Subject files, 1912-1930. This subseries, containing mostly handwritten notes, consists of a collection of subject files maintained by Law concerning bird species, behavior and physiology. Included are large files on toxostoma (probably from Law's 1928 article on the curve-billed thrasher) as well as the Chiricahua Mountains of New Mexico, to which Law devoted a number of research trips. Arranged alphabetically by subject matter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries C. Research and field work, 1891-1931. This subseries includes materials produced by Law while performing ornithological research in the library and the field. Included are a series of research notebooks consisting largely of data gleaned from published sources. Among the field journals also contained in this subseries are notes on bird, nest and egg observations and collections made in California, Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin and unidentified locations. Arranged by document type.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries II. Harold Harris Bailey Papers, 1910-1967. This series is arranged in five subseries:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries A. Correspondence, 1915-1959. This small set of letters relates to ornithology as well as more general matters. Arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries B. Field and Research Work, 1911-1967. Bailey's field notes are contained in this subseries, as are a collection of bird banding records (which were likely commenced by John Eugene Law before being continued by Bailey), and various materials relating to Bailey's collections, including a case--used by both Bailey and his father--for collecting eggs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries C. Subject Files, 1910-1953. This brief subseries includes a handful of topics on which Bailey collected materials. Foremost among the topics is Bailey's longstanding, albeit seemingly one-sided, feud with the American Ornithologists' Union and the Cooper Ornithological Club, resulting from Bailey's stance on the 1931 A.O.U. checklist and other matters. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries D. Publications, 1913-1947. Included within these files are materials arising from the publication of Bailey's \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Birds of Virginia\u003c/title\u003e (1913) and \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Birds of Florida\u003c/title\u003e (1925). The subseries contains production correspondence, promotional material, and sales records. Also included are correspondence and lists relating to the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eBulletin of the Bailey Museum and Library of Natural History\u003c/title\u003e, together with sample issues of the publication. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries E. Rockbridge Alum Springs, 1945-1962. Various topics relating to the Baileys' establishment and operation of the Rockbridge Alum Springs Biological Laboratory are contained in this subseries. Included are files on Bailey's attempt to have a flyway lake constructed at the springs, an ongoing battle with trespassing hunters, requests for game and fish stock, the possible acquisition of adjoining lands, and the creation of a naturalists portrait gallery. Throughout the correspondence in this subseries, as elsewhere within the collection, Bailey's letters overflow with vitriol and belligerence, particularly against the academic naturalist establishment. When not criticizing fellow naturalists, he directs barbs against such general topics as the New Deal, the Civil Rights Movement, and communism.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries III. Naturalists Biographical Files, 1825-1971. Comprising the core of the collection, the biographical files represent the Baileys' attempt to compile reference files on 19th- and 20- century naturalists. (The Baileys had titled the collection the Naturalist Autograph Files, but because the collection comprises more than autographs, it was given a broader title during processing.) The collection contains a broad scope of materials, ranging from correspondence to field notes, biographical sketches, printed materials, and photographs. Included among these are items that the Baileys \"inherited\" from other naturalists, as well as materials on a few individuals not known as naturalists, including letters signed by U. S. President Herbert Hoover and author James Branch Cabell, as well as a painting by artist Carl Moon.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUnique among the materials in this series is an autograph book maintained by Harold Balch Bailey, containing the autographs of notable 19th-century personages, including U. S. presidents and other political leaders; Union Army generals; authors; musicians; and artists. Also among the elder Bailey's papers are some documents regarding a 19th-century Massachusetts militia, including an item signed by John Quincy Adams. Other unusual items include Charles Townsend's file of material on Easter Island and a notebook of natural science observations maintained by Herman Haupt Jr. The series is arranged in two subseries:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries A. Numerical files, 1825-1970. The files in this subseries comprise the Baileys' original \"Naturalist Autograph Files\" and remain as the couple compiled them. Each name is associated with a unique number, and the files are arranged numerically, with two indexes to the collection at the end. Many of the names represented in these files may also be found in Subseries II. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries B. Alphabetical files, 1836-1971. The files in this subseries were compiled from materials found loose within the collection. The items seem to have been intended by the Baileys for their autograph files but had yet to be integrated. The collection includes the same types of materials found in the numbered folders but is arranged alphabetically. Many of the names represented in these files may also be found in Subseries I. At the end of the subseries is a bound set of various collectors' egg catalogs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV. Printed Material, 1882-1969. This series includes a small selection of printed materials deemed best left with the manuscript collection when other printed materials were transferred to the Rare Book Collection. Most significant among the holdings are materials of the Cooper Ornithological Club / Cooper Ornithological Society and a collection of catalogs offering bird eggs, bird skins, cabinetry, and supplies for ornithologists, naturalists and taxidermists. Arranged by subject matter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries V. Images, 1904-1942. This series is arranged by format in two subseries: \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries A. Color Plates and Other Illustrations, 1913-1922. This subseries consists largely of color plates detached from various illustrated publications, as well as sets of color prints. Other illustrations and paintings associated with individuals may be found in Series III.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries B. Photographs, 1902-1937. Considering the breadth of Bailey and Law's research and collecting activities during a span of several decades, the collection contains relatively few photographs. Included is are full sets of original photos and half-tones used for Bailey's \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Birds of Virginia\u003c/title\u003e. The photographs have been divided among the following categories: \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Birds of Virginia\u003c/title\u003e, nests and eggs, birds, people, exhibits, specimens, and scenery. Included among the scenery are a few photos and postcards of Mountain Lake, the Cascades and Castle Rock in Giles County, Virginia. Photographs made by and of identified naturalists may be found in Series III.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains the papers of ornithologists John Eugene Law and Harold H. Bailey, including notes on bird species, habitat, and behavior; correspondence; field journals; printed materials; photographs and other images. Among Bailey's papers are files relating to his books, The Birds of Virginia and The Birds of Florida, as well as his operation of the Rockbridge Alum Springs Biological Laboratory. Also includes biographical files on hundreds of other naturalists and ornithologists, including such materials as correspondence, writings, photographs, field notes, and biographical sketches.","The collection is organized into the following series:","Series I. John Eugene Law Papers, 1891-1931. This series is arranged in three subseries:","Subseries A. Correspondence, 1902-1930. Most significant among Law's correspondence is a large collection of letters between Law and Joseph Grinnell, director of the University of California's Museum of Vertebrate Zoology. Also included is correspondence with a handful of other naturalists. Arranged by correspondent name.","Subseries B. Subject files, 1912-1930. This subseries, containing mostly handwritten notes, consists of a collection of subject files maintained by Law concerning bird species, behavior and physiology. Included are large files on toxostoma (probably from Law's 1928 article on the curve-billed thrasher) as well as the Chiricahua Mountains of New Mexico, to which Law devoted a number of research trips. Arranged alphabetically by subject matter.","Subseries C. Research and field work, 1891-1931. This subseries includes materials produced by Law while performing ornithological research in the library and the field. Included are a series of research notebooks consisting largely of data gleaned from published sources. Among the field journals also contained in this subseries are notes on bird, nest and egg observations and collections made in California, Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin and unidentified locations. Arranged by document type.","Series II. Harold Harris Bailey Papers, 1910-1967. This series is arranged in five subseries:","Subseries A. Correspondence, 1915-1959. This small set of letters relates to ornithology as well as more general matters. Arranged chronologically.","Subseries B. Field and Research Work, 1911-1967. Bailey's field notes are contained in this subseries, as are a collection of bird banding records (which were likely commenced by John Eugene Law before being continued by Bailey), and various materials relating to Bailey's collections, including a case--used by both Bailey and his father--for collecting eggs.","Subseries C. Subject Files, 1910-1953. This brief subseries includes a handful of topics on which Bailey collected materials. Foremost among the topics is Bailey's longstanding, albeit seemingly one-sided, feud with the American Ornithologists' Union and the Cooper Ornithological Club, resulting from Bailey's stance on the 1931 A.O.U. checklist and other matters.","Subseries D. Publications, 1913-1947. Included within these files are materials arising from the publication of Bailey's The Birds of Virginia (1913) and The Birds of Florida (1925). The subseries contains production correspondence, promotional material, and sales records. Also included are correspondence and lists relating to the Bulletin of the Bailey Museum and Library of Natural History, together with sample issues of the publication.","Subseries E. Rockbridge Alum Springs, 1945-1962. Various topics relating to the Baileys' establishment and operation of the Rockbridge Alum Springs Biological Laboratory are contained in this subseries. Included are files on Bailey's attempt to have a flyway lake constructed at the springs, an ongoing battle with trespassing hunters, requests for game and fish stock, the possible acquisition of adjoining lands, and the creation of a naturalists portrait gallery. Throughout the correspondence in this subseries, as elsewhere within the collection, Bailey's letters overflow with vitriol and belligerence, particularly against the academic naturalist establishment. When not criticizing fellow naturalists, he directs barbs against such general topics as the New Deal, the Civil Rights Movement, and communism.","Series III. Naturalists Biographical Files, 1825-1971. Comprising the core of the collection, the biographical files represent the Baileys' attempt to compile reference files on 19th- and 20- century naturalists. (The Baileys had titled the collection the Naturalist Autograph Files, but because the collection comprises more than autographs, it was given a broader title during processing.) The collection contains a broad scope of materials, ranging from correspondence to field notes, biographical sketches, printed materials, and photographs. Included among these are items that the Baileys \"inherited\" from other naturalists, as well as materials on a few individuals not known as naturalists, including letters signed by U. S. President Herbert Hoover and author James Branch Cabell, as well as a painting by artist Carl Moon.","Unique among the materials in this series is an autograph book maintained by Harold Balch Bailey, containing the autographs of notable 19th-century personages, including U. S. presidents and other political leaders; Union Army generals; authors; musicians; and artists. Also among the elder Bailey's papers are some documents regarding a 19th-century Massachusetts militia, including an item signed by John Quincy Adams. Other unusual items include Charles Townsend's file of material on Easter Island and a notebook of natural science observations maintained by Herman Haupt Jr. The series is arranged in two subseries:","Subseries A. Numerical files, 1825-1970. The files in this subseries comprise the Baileys' original \"Naturalist Autograph Files\" and remain as the couple compiled them. Each name is associated with a unique number, and the files are arranged numerically, with two indexes to the collection at the end. Many of the names represented in these files may also be found in Subseries II.","Subseries B. Alphabetical files, 1836-1971. The files in this subseries were compiled from materials found loose within the collection. The items seem to have been intended by the Baileys for their autograph files but had yet to be integrated. The collection includes the same types of materials found in the numbered folders but is arranged alphabetically. Many of the names represented in these files may also be found in Subseries I. At the end of the subseries is a bound set of various collectors' egg catalogs.","Series IV. Printed Material, 1882-1969. This series includes a small selection of printed materials deemed best left with the manuscript collection when other printed materials were transferred to the Rare Book Collection. Most significant among the holdings are materials of the Cooper Ornithological Club / Cooper Ornithological Society and a collection of catalogs offering bird eggs, bird skins, cabinetry, and supplies for ornithologists, naturalists and taxidermists. Arranged by subject matter.","Series V. Images, 1904-1942. This series is arranged by format in two subseries:","Subseries A. Color Plates and Other Illustrations, 1913-1922. This subseries consists largely of color plates detached from various illustrated publications, as well as sets of color prints. Other illustrations and paintings associated with individuals may be found in Series III.","Subseries B. Photographs, 1902-1937. Considering the breadth of Bailey and Law's research and collecting activities during a span of several decades, the collection contains relatively few photographs. Included is are full sets of original photos and half-tones used for Bailey's The Birds of Virginia. The photographs have been divided among the following categories: The Birds of Virginia, nests and eggs, birds, people, exhibits, specimens, and scenery. Included among the scenery are a few photos and postcards of Mountain Lake, the Cascades and Castle Rock in Giles County, Virginia. Photographs made by and of identified naturalists may be found in Series III."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe following maps from the collection were transferred to the Historical Map Collection:\n\u003clist\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nAlleghany County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nBland County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nBotetourt County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nCarroll County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nCraig County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nDelaware - Maryland - Virginia - West Virginia ([S.l.]: Rand McNally \u0026amp; Co., 1967).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nDelaware - Maryland - Virginia - West Virginia ([S.l.]: Rand McNally \u0026amp; Co., 1972).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nDelaware, Maryland, Virginia-West Virginia (San Jose, CA: H. M. Gousha Co., 1973).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nFloyd County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nGeological Map of the Dominion of Canada ([Ottawa]: Department of the Interior, 1909).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nGeorge Washington National Forest, Virginia-West Virginia ([Washington, DC]: U. S. Department of Agriculture, 1950).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nGiles County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nGrayson County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nMap of Mexico (Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society, 1916).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nMap of the New Balkan States and Central Europe ([S.l.: National Geographic Society, [1914?]).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nMaryland, Delaware, District of Columbia, Virginia, and West Virginia Road Map for 1930 (New York: General Drafting Co., 1938).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nMillboro, Virginia Quadrangle (Washington, DC: U. S. Geological Survey, 1949).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nThe National Geographic Magazine Map of Mexico ([Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society, 1911?]).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nPatrick County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1941).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nPittsylvania County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1942).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nPittsylvania County [subdivisions] (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, [1942?]).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nPresenting Your Map of Rockbridge County, Virginia (Portland, OR: Western States Map Company, [n.d.]).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nPulaski County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1947).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nRoanoke County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nShell Official Road Map of Delaware - Maryland - Virginia - W. Virginia, n.d. (Chicago: H. M. Gousha Co., [1938].\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nSovereignty and Mandate Boundary Lines in 1921 of the Islands of the Pacific (Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society, 1921).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nSubdivisions of Roanoke County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, [1940]).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nTerritory of Arizona ([Washington, D.C.: Government Land Office], 1903).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nTopographical Map of the Guy's Run Iron Lands, Rockbridge Co., Va. (Staunton, VA: Eng. Office of Jed. Hotchkiss, 1878). [reproduction]\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nWise County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1947).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Material"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["The following maps from the collection were transferred to the Historical Map Collection:\n\nAlleghany County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n\nBland County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n\nBotetourt County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n\nCarroll County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n\nCraig County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n\nDelaware - Maryland - Virginia - West Virginia ([S.l.]: Rand McNally \u0026 Co., 1967).\n\nDelaware - Maryland - Virginia - West Virginia ([S.l.]: Rand McNally \u0026 Co., 1972).\n\nDelaware, Maryland, Virginia-West Virginia (San Jose, CA: H. M. Gousha Co., 1973).\n\nFloyd County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n\nGeological Map of the Dominion of Canada ([Ottawa]: Department of the Interior, 1909).\n\nGeorge Washington National Forest, Virginia-West Virginia ([Washington, DC]: U. S. Department of Agriculture, 1950).\n\nGiles County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n\nGrayson County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n\nMap of Mexico (Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society, 1916).\n\nMap of the New Balkan States and Central Europe ([S.l.: National Geographic Society, [1914?]).\n\nMaryland, Delaware, District of Columbia, Virginia, and West Virginia Road Map for 1930 (New York: General Drafting Co., 1938).\n\nMillboro, Virginia Quadrangle (Washington, DC: U. S. Geological Survey, 1949).\n\nThe National Geographic Magazine Map of Mexico ([Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society, 1911?]).\n\nPatrick County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1941).\n\nPittsylvania County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1942).\n\nPittsylvania County [subdivisions] (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, [1942?]).\n\nPresenting Your Map of Rockbridge County, Virginia (Portland, OR: Western States Map Company, [n.d.]).\n\nPulaski County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1947).\n\nRoanoke County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n\nShell Official Road Map of Delaware - Maryland - Virginia - W. Virginia, n.d. (Chicago: H. M. Gousha Co., [1938].\n\nSovereignty and Mandate Boundary Lines in 1921 of the Islands of the Pacific (Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society, 1921).\n\nSubdivisions of Roanoke County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, [1940]).\n\nTerritory of Arizona ([Washington, D.C.: Government Land Office], 1903).\n\nTopographical Map of the Guy's Run Iron Lands, Rockbridge Co., Va. (Staunton, VA: Eng. Office of Jed. Hotchkiss, 1878). [reproduction]\n\nWise County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1947)."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_f419c7b4e4e2820af0c941b645e14b03\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection contains the papers of ornithologists John Eugene Law and Harold H. Bailey, including notes on bird species, habitat, and behavior; correspondence; field journals; printed materials; photographs and other images. Among Bailey's papers are files relating to his books, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Birds of Virginia\u003c/title\u003e and \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Birds of Florida\u003c/title\u003e, as well as his operation of the Rockbridge Alum Springs Biological Laboratory. Also includes biographical files on hundreds of other naturalists and ornithologists, including such materials as correspondence, writings, photographs, field notes, and biographical sketches.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains the papers of ornithologists John Eugene Law and Harold H. Bailey, including notes on bird species, habitat, and behavior; correspondence; field journals; printed materials; photographs and other images. Among Bailey's papers are files relating to his books, The Birds of Virginia and The Birds of Florida, as well as his operation of the Rockbridge Alum Springs Biological Laboratory. Also includes biographical files on hundreds of other naturalists and ornithologists, including such materials as correspondence, writings, photographs, field notes, and biographical sketches."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Bailey, Harold H. (Harold Harris), 1878-1962","Law, John Eugene, 1877-1931"],"names_coll_ssim":["Bailey, Harold H. (Harold Harris), 1878-1962","Law, John Eugene, 1877-1931"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Bailey, Harold H. (Harold Harris), 1878-1962","Law, John Eugene, 1877-1931"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1290,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:29:20.309Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1363_c03"}},{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_235_c03","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Series III: Norfolk History, 1776/1991","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_235_c03#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_235_c03","ref_ssm":["vino_repositories_5_resources_235_c03"],"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_235_c03","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_235","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_235","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_235","parent_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_235","parent_ssim":["Calvert Walke Tazewell Papers, 1900/1997"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vino_repositories_5_resources_235"],"title_filing_ssi":"Series III: Norfolk History","title_ssm":["Series III: Norfolk History"],"title_tesim":["Series III: Norfolk History"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Series III: Norfolk History, 1776/1991"],"text":["Series III: Norfolk History, 1776/1991","Calvert Walke Tazewell Papers, 1900/1997"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Calvert Walke Tazewell Papers, 1900/1997"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Calvert Walke Tazewell Papers, 1900/1997"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1776/1991"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1776-1991, undated"],"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":79,"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"collection_ssim":["Calvert Walke Tazewell Papers, 1900/1997"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":3,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open to researchers without restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"date_range_isim":[1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991],"_nest_path_":"/components#2","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:33.091Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_235","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_235","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_235","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_235","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_5_resources_235.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archivesguides.lib.odu.edu/repositories/5/resources/235","title_filing_ssi":"Tazewell, Calvert Walke","title_ssm":["Calvert Walke Tazewell Papers"],"title_tesim":["Calvert Walke Tazewell Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1900-1997, undated","Date acquired: 06/30/2000"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1900-1997, undated"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 06/30/2000"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1900/1997"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Calvert Walke Tazewell Papers, 1900/1997"],"text":["Calvert Walke Tazewell Papers, 1900/1997","MG 75","/repositories/5/resources/235","Norfolk (Va.)--History--20th century","Norfolk (Va.)--History--19th century","Boush-Tazewell-Waller House","The collection is open to researchers without restrictions.","The collection is organized into six series: Series I: Norfolk Historical Society; Series II: Virginia History Federation; Series III: Norfolk History; Series IV: Boush-Tazewell-Waller House; Series V: Papers of Phillip Brower; and Series VI: Miscellaneous.","Calvert Walke Tazewell was born in 1917 in Norfolk, Virginia. He was educated in public and private schools in Norfolk. He enlisted in the Army Air Corps in 1937 and received a commission while overseas in World War Two. During the war he received the Bronze Star Medal for his service in the China Campaign. He reached the rank of Lt. Colonel, serving in communications and electronics and as commanding officer. He retired from active duty in 1959.\nAfter the military, he worked as Civil Defense Coordinator for Dade County Florida, taught Civil Defense courses, worked for the Florida State Board of Health, and the Health-Welfare-Recreation Planning Council after returning to Norfolk.\nTazewell founded the Norfolk Historical Society, a group dedicated to preserving all aspects of local history, in 1965. He served as its president for two terms, then as Executive Vice President. He was also a co-founder of the Virginia History Federation, an organization that sought to link all history related groups in Virginia. He served as the Federation's first president in 1969. Tazewell was the founder and director of the Hampton Roads Central Library, an internet digital library and archive from 1993-1997. He also operated the W. S. Dawson publishing company until 1997.","Note written by Special Collections Staff","The Calvert Walke Tazewell Papers includes correspondence, newsletters, press releases, meeting reports, and other papers relating to the Norfolk Historical Society, Virginia History Federation and the Friends of the Boush-Tazewell-Waller House. Also included in the collection are biographical and genealogical material about General Douglas MacArthur, as well as various papers documenting the history of Norfolk.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","Retired USAF lieutenant colonel, author, publisher, local historian. The collection includes papers from Tazewell's years as president of the Norfolk Historical Society and Virginia History Federation. Also included is information on the Boush-Tazewell-Waller House and papers of Philip Brower, former archivist of the MacArthur Memorial in Norfolk. Brower's papers include research on General Douglas MacArthur, personal papers and papers regarding the MacArthur Memorial Archives.","ODU Community Collections","Norfolk Historical Society (Va.)","Virginia History Federation","MacArthur Memorial","Maury High School (Norfolk, Va.)","Tazewell, C. W. (Calvert Walke) (1917-2002)","MacArthur, Douglas","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Calvert Walke Tazewell Papers, 1900/1997"],"collection_ssim":["Calvert Walke Tazewell Papers, 1900/1997"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MG 75","/repositories/5/resources/235"],"unitid_tesim":["MG 75","/repositories/5/resources/235"],"repository_ssm":["Old Dominion University"],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"geogname_ssm":["Norfolk (Va.)--History--20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Norfolk (Va.)--History--20th century"],"places_ssim":["Norfolk (Va.)--History--20th century"],"creator_ssm":["Tazewell, C. W. (Calvert Walke) (1917-2002)"],"creator_ssim":["Tazewell, C. W. (Calvert Walke) (1917-2002)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Tazewell, C. W. (Calvert Walke) (1917-2002)","MacArthur, Douglas"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Norfolk Historical Society (Va.)","Virginia History Federation","MacArthur Memorial","Maury High School (Norfolk, Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["Tazewell, C. W. (Calvert Walke) (1917-2002)","MacArthur, Douglas","ODU Community Collections","Norfolk Historical Society (Va.)","Virginia History Federation","MacArthur Memorial","Maury High School (Norfolk, Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["C.W. Tazewell","Gift. Accession #A2000-5"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Norfolk (Va.)--History--19th century","Boush-Tazewell-Waller House"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Norfolk (Va.)--History--19th century","Boush-Tazewell-Waller House"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["4.80 Linear Feet","12 Hollinger document cases boxes"],"extent_tesim":["4.80 Linear Feet","12 Hollinger document cases boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,2000],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to researchers without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to researchers without restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into six series: Series I: Norfolk Historical Society; Series II: Virginia History Federation; Series III: Norfolk History; Series IV: Boush-Tazewell-Waller House; Series V: Papers of Phillip Brower; and Series VI: Miscellaneous.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into six series: Series I: Norfolk Historical Society; Series II: Virginia History Federation; Series III: Norfolk History; Series IV: Boush-Tazewell-Waller House; Series V: Papers of Phillip Brower; and Series VI: Miscellaneous."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCalvert Walke Tazewell was born in 1917 in Norfolk, Virginia. He was educated in public and private schools in Norfolk. He enlisted in the Army Air Corps in 1937 and received a commission while overseas in World War Two. During the war he received the Bronze Star Medal for his service in the China Campaign. He reached the rank of Lt. Colonel, serving in communications and electronics and as commanding officer. He retired from active duty in 1959.\nAfter the military, he worked as Civil Defense Coordinator for Dade County Florida, taught Civil Defense courses, worked for the Florida State Board of Health, and the Health-Welfare-Recreation Planning Council after returning to Norfolk.\nTazewell founded the Norfolk Historical Society, a group dedicated to preserving all aspects of local history, in 1965. He served as its president for two terms, then as Executive Vice President. He was also a co-founder of the Virginia History Federation, an organization that sought to link all history related groups in Virginia. He served as the Federation's first president in 1969. Tazewell was the founder and director of the Hampton Roads Central Library, an internet digital library and archive from 1993-1997. He also operated the W. S. Dawson publishing company until 1997.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote written by Special Collections Staff\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Calvert Walke Tazewell was born in 1917 in Norfolk, Virginia. He was educated in public and private schools in Norfolk. He enlisted in the Army Air Corps in 1937 and received a commission while overseas in World War Two. During the war he received the Bronze Star Medal for his service in the China Campaign. He reached the rank of Lt. Colonel, serving in communications and electronics and as commanding officer. He retired from active duty in 1959.\nAfter the military, he worked as Civil Defense Coordinator for Dade County Florida, taught Civil Defense courses, worked for the Florida State Board of Health, and the Health-Welfare-Recreation Planning Council after returning to Norfolk.\nTazewell founded the Norfolk Historical Society, a group dedicated to preserving all aspects of local history, in 1965. He served as its president for two terms, then as Executive Vice President. He was also a co-founder of the Virginia History Federation, an organization that sought to link all history related groups in Virginia. He served as the Federation's first president in 1969. Tazewell was the founder and director of the Hampton Roads Central Library, an internet digital library and archive from 1993-1997. He also operated the W. S. Dawson publishing company until 1997.","Note written by Special Collections Staff"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Calvert Walke Tazewell Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Calvert Walke Tazewell Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Calvert Walke Tazewell Papers includes correspondence, newsletters, press releases, meeting reports, and other papers relating to the Norfolk Historical Society, Virginia History Federation and the Friends of the Boush-Tazewell-Waller House. Also included in the collection are biographical and genealogical material about General Douglas MacArthur, as well as various papers documenting the history of Norfolk.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Calvert Walke Tazewell Papers includes correspondence, newsletters, press releases, meeting reports, and other papers relating to the Norfolk Historical Society, Virginia History Federation and the Friends of the Boush-Tazewell-Waller House. Also included in the collection are biographical and genealogical material about General Douglas MacArthur, as well as various papers documenting the history of Norfolk."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_9db00925d4507cfd6260d63f1350e08e\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eRetired USAF lieutenant colonel, author, publisher, local historian. The collection includes papers from Tazewell's years as president of the Norfolk Historical Society and Virginia History Federation. Also included is information on the Boush-Tazewell-Waller House and papers of Philip Brower, former archivist of the MacArthur Memorial in Norfolk. Brower's papers include research on General Douglas MacArthur, personal papers and papers regarding the MacArthur Memorial Archives.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Retired USAF lieutenant colonel, author, publisher, local historian. The collection includes papers from Tazewell's years as president of the Norfolk Historical Society and Virginia History Federation. Also included is information on the Boush-Tazewell-Waller House and papers of Philip Brower, former archivist of the MacArthur Memorial in Norfolk. Brower's papers include research on General Douglas MacArthur, personal papers and papers regarding the MacArthur Memorial Archives."],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Norfolk Historical Society (Va.)","Virginia History Federation","MacArthur Memorial","Maury High School (Norfolk, Va.)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Norfolk Historical Society (Va.)","Virginia History Federation","MacArthur Memorial","Maury High School (Norfolk, Va.)","MacArthur, Douglas"],"persname_ssim":["Tazewell, C. W. (Calvert Walke) (1917-2002)","MacArthur, Douglas"],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Norfolk Historical Society (Va.)","Virginia History Federation","MacArthur Memorial","Maury High School (Norfolk, Va.)","Tazewell, C. W. (Calvert Walke) (1917-2002)","MacArthur, Douglas"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":260,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:33.091Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_235_c03"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3546_c03","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Series III. Official Documents, 1867/1871","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3546_c03#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3546_c03","ref_ssm":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3546_c03"],"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3546_c03","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3546","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3546","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3546","parent_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3546","parent_ssim":["William S. Newton Papers, 1862/1879"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3546"],"title_filing_ssi":"Series III. Official Documents","title_ssm":["Series III. Official Documents"],"title_tesim":["Series III. Official Documents"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Series III. Official Documents, 1867/1871"],"text":["Series III. Official Documents, 1867/1871","William S. Newton Papers, 1862/1879"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["William S. Newton Papers, 1862/1879"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["William S. Newton Papers, 1862/1879"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1867/1871"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1867-1871, n.d."],"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":14,"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"collection_ssim":["William S. Newton Papers, 1862/1879"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":3,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\nhttp://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"date_range_isim":[1867,1868,1869,1870,1871],"_nest_path_":"/components#2","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:31:52.074Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3546","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3546","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3546","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3546","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_3546.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Newton, William S., Papers","title_ssm":["William S. Newton Papers"],"title_tesim":["William S. Newton Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1862-1879"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1862-1879"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1862/1879"],"normalized_title_ssm":["William S. Newton Papers, 1862/1879"],"text":["William S. Newton Papers, 1862/1879","Ms.2021.024","Civil War","Medicine, Military -- History","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","The collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged by material type, then chronologically.","William Smith Newton was born on February 6, 1823, near the small town of Harmer, in Washington County, Ohio. The town, now part of Marietta, was located where the Muskingum River flows into the Ohio River, with Virginia (now West Virginia) located on the other side to the south. He was the son of Oren and Elizabeth Fuller Newton. His father, Oren, was an important figure in the community and was involved in farming and the grindstone industry. His grandparents were the early Marietta-area settlers Elias and Alice Stimson Newton.","In 1839 sixteen-year-old Newton enrolled in Marietta College's Latin School, which was a preparatory school for younger students. After two years of study in the Latin School, in fall 1841 he advanced to the Marietta Academy, a preparatory school for the college. The following fall, Newton enrolled as a freshman at Marietta College. He completed his freshman year, 1842–1843, but he did not continue with courses or graduate from Marietta College.","Newton demonstrated an interest in medicine and learned from his cousin Robert Safford Newton, who practiced medicine in Gallipolis and was trained in the emerging field of eclectic medicine. Newton observed his cousin treating patients with eclectic methods, which influenced his decision to enroll as a medical student in fall 1843 at the Medical College of Ohio in Cincinnati. Newton graduated in 1845 from the Medical College of Ohio and returned to Harmar. Similar to an apprenticeship or residency, he began working alongside Seth Hart, a doctor in town. By 1850 Newton had his own medical practice in Harmar. In 1854 Newton and his family relocated to Ironton, Ohio. Newton was the eighth doctor in Ironton at that time. He had an active medical practice in downtown Ironton and frequently advertised in local newspapers.","On October 28, 1845, William married Frances Ann Hayward of Gallipolis. They had seven children during their marriage. Three of their children, Oren Hayward (1846–1858), Lewis Garland (May–October 1848), and Fanny Lillian (1857–1858), died before reaching adulthood. In 1862, when William enlisted in the Union Army, they had three children, Edward (Ned) Seymore (born 1850), Valentine Mott (born 1852), and Kate May (born 1860). Another child, John Beverly (born November 9, 1863), arrived during Newton's military service.","Newton took immediate interest in serving the Union as a surgeon. In August 1862, volunteers from the counties of Adams, Scioto, Lawrence, Gallia, Jackson, and Pike organized at Ironton into five companies of the 91st Ohio Volunteer Infantry. Colonel John A. Turley from Scioto County commanded the regiment with Colonel Benjamin F. Coates second in command. The Army appointed George H. Carpenter as surgeon and John B. Warwick as assistant surgeon for the 91st. Newton received his official appointment as assistant surgeon for the regiment on September 17, 1862.","Newton served as assistant surgeon of the 91st Ohio Volunteer Infantry for most of the American Civil War, with only two exceptions. In October 1863 he became acting surgeon for the 2nd Virginia Cavalry and held that role until February 1864 when he returned to service as assistant surgeon of the 91st. Then, on March 18, 1865, he became surgeon of the 193rd Ohio Volunteer Infantry and kept that post until he mustered out with the regiment on August 9, 1865.","As assistant surgeon Newton managed several hospitals (both in seized buildings and in the field), tended to patients, ordered supplies, arranged for the wounded to return home, and informed families of the loss of a loved one. He quartered with officers in tents and houses, and was in close contact with other soldiers, many of whom he knew because of his medical practice.","Although a non-combatant, Newton was part of several significant military campaigns in West Virginia and Virginia. Following the Battle of Cloyd's Mountain in May 1864, Confederates captured Newton and other medical staff, who were then asked to operate on wounded Confederate General Albert Gallatin Jenkins. The operation, amputation of the left arm, was successful, but Jenkins died after an attendant accidently knocked loose the ligature on a main artery. Thereafter, Newton and the other Union surgeons were sent to Libby Prison in Richmond. After three difficult days at Libby, the surgeons were released. Newton reported ill health due to the imprisonment, but he returned to active duty in July. By that time, the 91st was part of Union General Philip Sheridan's summer campaign in the Shenandoah Valley. Following the Second Battle of Kernstown, Newton and others were dismissed from military service for allegedly straggling behind after the battle. Newton was quickly reinstated following confirmed reports that he had stayed behind in a safe location to avoid capture. Thereafter, Newton managed a large field hospital to care for the many wounded following the Battle of Opequan (Third Battle of Winchester) and the Battle of Cedar Creek.","By 1865, Newton prepared to return to Ohio as a farmer. On August 9, 1865, he mustered out of the Union Army after three years and four months of service. Instead of becoming a farmer, Newton moved to Gallipolis, opened a medical practice, and served as postmaster from 1867-1875. In 1880, Newton secured an invalid pension. He cited that his capture and brief imprisonment after the Battle of Cloyd's Mountain in 1864 led to his poor health. In mid-November 1882 Newton fell ill from stomach pains. In addition to liver damage, he suffered from ulcers and other internal ailments caused by his wartime service. Newton died on Saturday, November 18, 1882, just a few months shy of his sixtieth birthday. He was buried in the Pine Street Cemetery in Gallipolis.","The guide to the William S. Newton Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the William S. Newton Papers commenced in fall 2020 and was completed in August 2021.","This collection contains the papers of William S. Newton, documenting the American Civil War experiences of an Ohio surgeon in West Virginia and Virginia from 1862 to 1865. Arranged in four series, the collection includes Civil War correspondence, transcripts of the correspondence, official documents, and other family materials related to William S. Newton.","The bulk of the collection, which is the first series, consists of nearly 170 letters from Newton to his wife and children. His letters document the boredom of camp life, details of battles and skirmishes, and observations on human behavior. Newton's detailed letters cover his living quarters, the extent of southern sentiment in occupied spaces during and after the war, transportation and communication, and the comfort of a good meal. Newton reported on the destruction of the landscape, which had been stripped of anything valuable, including the wooden boards from outhouses. Noteworthy is his description of the role of African Americans in society, both as freed slaves and camp assistants. Newton makes some mention of the politics of the period, especially related to Ohio politics. He provides wartime descriptions of towns such as Charleston, Gallipolis, Fayetteville, Lewisburg, Point Pleasant, and Winchester.","Newton's letters express a deep interest in family affairs. In fact, two of his children, Ned and Mott, visited him in camp. During the day, while he attended to the sick and wounded, his children would fish in nearby rivers and streams for their evening meal. His letters advised on family matters such as buying and selling property back in Ohio, naming his newborn child, urging his teenage son to live an upstanding life through better penmanship, prescribing medicines to remedy illnesses in the family, and preparing a new farm for his return home. His letters convey a deep sense of loneliness, especially for his wife. Several letters include discussion of the challenges of teenage son Ned, who exhibits behavior issues. Newton pens a few letters directly to Ned to reprimand him. Newton also refers to other family and friends including six of his eight siblings, Stephen, John, Oren, Lucy, Mary Frances, and Douglas.","Newton reports on his work as a surgeon. He managed several hospitals (both in seized buildings and in the field), tended to patients, ordered supplies, arranged for the wounded to return home, and informed families of the loss of a loved one. Newton's letters mention taking care of soldiers whom he knew personally from his medical practice. Although a non-combatant, Newton experienced frequent skirmishes with Confederate raiders and was part of several significant military campaigns. His letters describe significant battles in West Virginia and Virginia, most notably the Second Battle of Kernstown, the Battle of Opequan (Third Battle of Winchester), and the Battle of Cedar Creek. Of note, Newton's October 8, 1867, letter to Ohio Adjutant General Benjamin R. Cowen documents his most harrowing moments during the Civil War—Newton's capture by Confederates following the Battle of Cloyd's Mountain in May 1864, his role in operating on wounded Confederate General Albert Gallatin Jenkins, and his brief imprisonment and release from Libby Prison later that month. Other letters describe his working relationships with officers in the 91st Ohio Volunteer Infantry, especially assistant surgeon John B. Warwick and Colonel Benjamin F. Coates. In fact, Newton purchased a farm from Coates in April 1864.","The second series includes a few letters from other Newton family members written during the Civil War. A third series includes official documents such as pension files and Newton's appointment as postmaster in Gallipolis after the war. Finally, transcripts of the letters from Newton to his wife and children make up the final series.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\nhttp://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","American Civil War correspondence, official documents, and other family materials related to William S. Newton, an Ohio doctor who from 1862 to 1865 served as assistant surgeon of the 91st Ohio Volunteer Infantry and surgeon of the 193rd Ohio Volunteer Infantry. Also includes transcripts of Newton's Civil War letters to his wife and children.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Newton, William S. (William Smith), 1823-1882","The materials in the collection are in English."],"collection_title_tesim":["William S. Newton Papers, 1862/1879"],"collection_ssim":["William S. Newton Papers, 1862/1879"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2021.024"],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2021.024"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Newton, William S. (William Smith), 1823-1882"],"creator_ssim":["Newton, William S. (William Smith), 1823-1882"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Newton, William S. (William Smith), 1823-1882"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"creators_ssim":["Newton, William S. (William Smith), 1823-1882","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\nhttp://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The William S. Newton Papers were purchased by Special Collections and University Archives in 2017."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Civil War","Medicine, Military -- History","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Civil War","Medicine, Military -- History","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.5 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.5 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"date_range_isim":[1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged by material type, then chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged by material type, then chronologically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWilliam Smith Newton was born on February 6, 1823, near the small town of Harmer, in Washington County, Ohio. The town, now part of Marietta, was located where the Muskingum River flows into the Ohio River, with Virginia (now West Virginia) located on the other side to the south. He was the son of Oren and Elizabeth Fuller Newton. His father, Oren, was an important figure in the community and was involved in farming and the grindstone industry. His grandparents were the early Marietta-area settlers Elias and Alice Stimson Newton.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1839 sixteen-year-old Newton enrolled in Marietta College's Latin School, which was a preparatory school for younger students. After two years of study in the Latin School, in fall 1841 he advanced to the Marietta Academy, a preparatory school for the college. The following fall, Newton enrolled as a freshman at Marietta College. He completed his freshman year, 1842–1843, but he did not continue with courses or graduate from Marietta College.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNewton demonstrated an interest in medicine and learned from his cousin Robert Safford Newton, who practiced medicine in Gallipolis and was trained in the emerging field of eclectic medicine. Newton observed his cousin treating patients with eclectic methods, which influenced his decision to enroll as a medical student in fall 1843 at the Medical College of Ohio in Cincinnati. Newton graduated in 1845 from the Medical College of Ohio and returned to Harmar. Similar to an apprenticeship or residency, he began working alongside Seth Hart, a doctor in town. By 1850 Newton had his own medical practice in Harmar. In 1854 Newton and his family relocated to Ironton, Ohio. Newton was the eighth doctor in Ironton at that time. He had an active medical practice in downtown Ironton and frequently advertised in local newspapers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn October 28, 1845, William married Frances Ann Hayward of Gallipolis. They had seven children during their marriage. Three of their children, Oren Hayward (1846–1858), Lewis Garland (May–October 1848), and Fanny Lillian (1857–1858), died before reaching adulthood. In 1862, when William enlisted in the Union Army, they had three children, Edward (Ned) Seymore (born 1850), Valentine Mott (born 1852), and Kate May (born 1860). Another child, John Beverly (born November 9, 1863), arrived during Newton's military service.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNewton took immediate interest in serving the Union as a surgeon. In August 1862, volunteers from the counties of Adams, Scioto, Lawrence, Gallia, Jackson, and Pike organized at Ironton into five companies of the 91st Ohio Volunteer Infantry. Colonel John A. Turley from Scioto County commanded the regiment with Colonel Benjamin F. Coates second in command. The Army appointed George H. Carpenter as surgeon and John B. Warwick as assistant surgeon for the 91st. Newton received his official appointment as assistant surgeon for the regiment on September 17, 1862.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNewton served as assistant surgeon of the 91st Ohio Volunteer Infantry for most of the American Civil War, with only two exceptions. In October 1863 he became acting surgeon for the 2nd Virginia Cavalry and held that role until February 1864 when he returned to service as assistant surgeon of the 91st. Then, on March 18, 1865, he became surgeon of the 193rd Ohio Volunteer Infantry and kept that post until he mustered out with the regiment on August 9, 1865.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAs assistant surgeon Newton managed several hospitals (both in seized buildings and in the field), tended to patients, ordered supplies, arranged for the wounded to return home, and informed families of the loss of a loved one. He quartered with officers in tents and houses, and was in close contact with other soldiers, many of whom he knew because of his medical practice.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlthough a non-combatant, Newton was part of several significant military campaigns in West Virginia and Virginia. Following the Battle of Cloyd's Mountain in May 1864, Confederates captured Newton and other medical staff, who were then asked to operate on wounded Confederate General Albert Gallatin Jenkins. The operation, amputation of the left arm, was successful, but Jenkins died after an attendant accidently knocked loose the ligature on a main artery. Thereafter, Newton and the other Union surgeons were sent to Libby Prison in Richmond. After three difficult days at Libby, the surgeons were released. Newton reported ill health due to the imprisonment, but he returned to active duty in July. By that time, the 91st was part of Union General Philip Sheridan's summer campaign in the Shenandoah Valley. Following the Second Battle of Kernstown, Newton and others were dismissed from military service for allegedly straggling behind after the battle. Newton was quickly reinstated following confirmed reports that he had stayed behind in a safe location to avoid capture. Thereafter, Newton managed a large field hospital to care for the many wounded following the Battle of Opequan (Third Battle of Winchester) and the Battle of Cedar Creek. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy 1865, Newton prepared to return to Ohio as a farmer. On August 9, 1865, he mustered out of the Union Army after three years and four months of service. Instead of becoming a farmer, Newton moved to Gallipolis, opened a medical practice, and served as postmaster from 1867-1875. In 1880, Newton secured an invalid pension. He cited that his capture and brief imprisonment after the Battle of Cloyd's Mountain in 1864 led to his poor health. In mid-November 1882 Newton fell ill from stomach pains. In addition to liver damage, he suffered from ulcers and other internal ailments caused by his wartime service. Newton died on Saturday, November 18, 1882, just a few months shy of his sixtieth birthday. He was buried in the Pine Street Cemetery in Gallipolis.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["William Smith Newton was born on February 6, 1823, near the small town of Harmer, in Washington County, Ohio. The town, now part of Marietta, was located where the Muskingum River flows into the Ohio River, with Virginia (now West Virginia) located on the other side to the south. He was the son of Oren and Elizabeth Fuller Newton. His father, Oren, was an important figure in the community and was involved in farming and the grindstone industry. His grandparents were the early Marietta-area settlers Elias and Alice Stimson Newton.","In 1839 sixteen-year-old Newton enrolled in Marietta College's Latin School, which was a preparatory school for younger students. After two years of study in the Latin School, in fall 1841 he advanced to the Marietta Academy, a preparatory school for the college. The following fall, Newton enrolled as a freshman at Marietta College. He completed his freshman year, 1842–1843, but he did not continue with courses or graduate from Marietta College.","Newton demonstrated an interest in medicine and learned from his cousin Robert Safford Newton, who practiced medicine in Gallipolis and was trained in the emerging field of eclectic medicine. Newton observed his cousin treating patients with eclectic methods, which influenced his decision to enroll as a medical student in fall 1843 at the Medical College of Ohio in Cincinnati. Newton graduated in 1845 from the Medical College of Ohio and returned to Harmar. Similar to an apprenticeship or residency, he began working alongside Seth Hart, a doctor in town. By 1850 Newton had his own medical practice in Harmar. In 1854 Newton and his family relocated to Ironton, Ohio. Newton was the eighth doctor in Ironton at that time. He had an active medical practice in downtown Ironton and frequently advertised in local newspapers.","On October 28, 1845, William married Frances Ann Hayward of Gallipolis. They had seven children during their marriage. Three of their children, Oren Hayward (1846–1858), Lewis Garland (May–October 1848), and Fanny Lillian (1857–1858), died before reaching adulthood. In 1862, when William enlisted in the Union Army, they had three children, Edward (Ned) Seymore (born 1850), Valentine Mott (born 1852), and Kate May (born 1860). Another child, John Beverly (born November 9, 1863), arrived during Newton's military service.","Newton took immediate interest in serving the Union as a surgeon. In August 1862, volunteers from the counties of Adams, Scioto, Lawrence, Gallia, Jackson, and Pike organized at Ironton into five companies of the 91st Ohio Volunteer Infantry. Colonel John A. Turley from Scioto County commanded the regiment with Colonel Benjamin F. Coates second in command. The Army appointed George H. Carpenter as surgeon and John B. Warwick as assistant surgeon for the 91st. Newton received his official appointment as assistant surgeon for the regiment on September 17, 1862.","Newton served as assistant surgeon of the 91st Ohio Volunteer Infantry for most of the American Civil War, with only two exceptions. In October 1863 he became acting surgeon for the 2nd Virginia Cavalry and held that role until February 1864 when he returned to service as assistant surgeon of the 91st. Then, on March 18, 1865, he became surgeon of the 193rd Ohio Volunteer Infantry and kept that post until he mustered out with the regiment on August 9, 1865.","As assistant surgeon Newton managed several hospitals (both in seized buildings and in the field), tended to patients, ordered supplies, arranged for the wounded to return home, and informed families of the loss of a loved one. He quartered with officers in tents and houses, and was in close contact with other soldiers, many of whom he knew because of his medical practice.","Although a non-combatant, Newton was part of several significant military campaigns in West Virginia and Virginia. Following the Battle of Cloyd's Mountain in May 1864, Confederates captured Newton and other medical staff, who were then asked to operate on wounded Confederate General Albert Gallatin Jenkins. The operation, amputation of the left arm, was successful, but Jenkins died after an attendant accidently knocked loose the ligature on a main artery. Thereafter, Newton and the other Union surgeons were sent to Libby Prison in Richmond. After three difficult days at Libby, the surgeons were released. Newton reported ill health due to the imprisonment, but he returned to active duty in July. By that time, the 91st was part of Union General Philip Sheridan's summer campaign in the Shenandoah Valley. Following the Second Battle of Kernstown, Newton and others were dismissed from military service for allegedly straggling behind after the battle. Newton was quickly reinstated following confirmed reports that he had stayed behind in a safe location to avoid capture. Thereafter, Newton managed a large field hospital to care for the many wounded following the Battle of Opequan (Third Battle of Winchester) and the Battle of Cedar Creek.","By 1865, Newton prepared to return to Ohio as a farmer. On August 9, 1865, he mustered out of the Union Army after three years and four months of service. Instead of becoming a farmer, Newton moved to Gallipolis, opened a medical practice, and served as postmaster from 1867-1875. In 1880, Newton secured an invalid pension. He cited that his capture and brief imprisonment after the Battle of Cloyd's Mountain in 1864 led to his poor health. In mid-November 1882 Newton fell ill from stomach pains. In addition to liver damage, he suffered from ulcers and other internal ailments caused by his wartime service. Newton died on Saturday, November 18, 1882, just a few months shy of his sixtieth birthday. He was buried in the Pine Street Cemetery in Gallipolis."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the William S. Newton Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003cextref href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/extref\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the William S. Newton Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], William S. Newton Papers, 1862-1879, Ms2021-024, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], William S. Newton Papers, 1862-1879, Ms2021-024, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the William S. Newton Papers commenced in fall 2020 and was completed in August 2021.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the William S. Newton Papers commenced in fall 2020 and was completed in August 2021."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the papers of William S. Newton, documenting the American Civil War experiences of an Ohio surgeon in West Virginia and Virginia from 1862 to 1865. Arranged in four series, the collection includes Civil War correspondence, transcripts of the correspondence, official documents, and other family materials related to William S. Newton.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the collection, which is the first series, consists of nearly 170 letters from Newton to his wife and children. His letters document the boredom of camp life, details of battles and skirmishes, and observations on human behavior. Newton's detailed letters cover his living quarters, the extent of southern sentiment in occupied spaces during and after the war, transportation and communication, and the comfort of a good meal. Newton reported on the destruction of the landscape, which had been stripped of anything valuable, including the wooden boards from outhouses. Noteworthy is his description of the role of African Americans in society, both as freed slaves and camp assistants. Newton makes some mention of the politics of the period, especially related to Ohio politics. He provides wartime descriptions of towns such as Charleston, Gallipolis, Fayetteville, Lewisburg, Point Pleasant, and Winchester. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNewton's letters express a deep interest in family affairs. In fact, two of his children, Ned and Mott, visited him in camp. During the day, while he attended to the sick and wounded, his children would fish in nearby rivers and streams for their evening meal. His letters advised on family matters such as buying and selling property back in Ohio, naming his newborn child, urging his teenage son to live an upstanding life through better penmanship, prescribing medicines to remedy illnesses in the family, and preparing a new farm for his return home. His letters convey a deep sense of loneliness, especially for his wife. Several letters include discussion of the challenges of teenage son Ned, who exhibits behavior issues. Newton pens a few letters directly to Ned to reprimand him. Newton also refers to other family and friends including six of his eight siblings, Stephen, John, Oren, Lucy, Mary Frances, and Douglas.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNewton reports on his work as a surgeon. He managed several hospitals (both in seized buildings and in the field), tended to patients, ordered supplies, arranged for the wounded to return home, and informed families of the loss of a loved one. Newton's letters mention taking care of soldiers whom he knew personally from his medical practice. Although a non-combatant, Newton experienced frequent skirmishes with Confederate raiders and was part of several significant military campaigns. His letters describe significant battles in West Virginia and Virginia, most notably the Second Battle of Kernstown, the Battle of Opequan (Third Battle of Winchester), and the Battle of Cedar Creek. Of note, Newton's October 8, 1867, letter to Ohio Adjutant General Benjamin R. Cowen documents his most harrowing moments during the Civil War—Newton's capture by Confederates following the Battle of Cloyd's Mountain in May 1864, his role in operating on wounded Confederate General Albert Gallatin Jenkins, and his brief imprisonment and release from Libby Prison later that month. Other letters describe his working relationships with officers in the 91st Ohio Volunteer Infantry, especially assistant surgeon John B. Warwick and Colonel Benjamin F. Coates. In fact, Newton purchased a farm from Coates in April 1864.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe second series includes a few letters from other Newton family members written during the Civil War. A third series includes official documents such as pension files and Newton's appointment as postmaster in Gallipolis after the war. Finally, transcripts of the letters from Newton to his wife and children make up the final series.  \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains the papers of William S. Newton, documenting the American Civil War experiences of an Ohio surgeon in West Virginia and Virginia from 1862 to 1865. Arranged in four series, the collection includes Civil War correspondence, transcripts of the correspondence, official documents, and other family materials related to William S. Newton.","The bulk of the collection, which is the first series, consists of nearly 170 letters from Newton to his wife and children. His letters document the boredom of camp life, details of battles and skirmishes, and observations on human behavior. Newton's detailed letters cover his living quarters, the extent of southern sentiment in occupied spaces during and after the war, transportation and communication, and the comfort of a good meal. Newton reported on the destruction of the landscape, which had been stripped of anything valuable, including the wooden boards from outhouses. Noteworthy is his description of the role of African Americans in society, both as freed slaves and camp assistants. Newton makes some mention of the politics of the period, especially related to Ohio politics. He provides wartime descriptions of towns such as Charleston, Gallipolis, Fayetteville, Lewisburg, Point Pleasant, and Winchester.","Newton's letters express a deep interest in family affairs. In fact, two of his children, Ned and Mott, visited him in camp. During the day, while he attended to the sick and wounded, his children would fish in nearby rivers and streams for their evening meal. His letters advised on family matters such as buying and selling property back in Ohio, naming his newborn child, urging his teenage son to live an upstanding life through better penmanship, prescribing medicines to remedy illnesses in the family, and preparing a new farm for his return home. His letters convey a deep sense of loneliness, especially for his wife. Several letters include discussion of the challenges of teenage son Ned, who exhibits behavior issues. Newton pens a few letters directly to Ned to reprimand him. Newton also refers to other family and friends including six of his eight siblings, Stephen, John, Oren, Lucy, Mary Frances, and Douglas.","Newton reports on his work as a surgeon. He managed several hospitals (both in seized buildings and in the field), tended to patients, ordered supplies, arranged for the wounded to return home, and informed families of the loss of a loved one. Newton's letters mention taking care of soldiers whom he knew personally from his medical practice. Although a non-combatant, Newton experienced frequent skirmishes with Confederate raiders and was part of several significant military campaigns. His letters describe significant battles in West Virginia and Virginia, most notably the Second Battle of Kernstown, the Battle of Opequan (Third Battle of Winchester), and the Battle of Cedar Creek. Of note, Newton's October 8, 1867, letter to Ohio Adjutant General Benjamin R. Cowen documents his most harrowing moments during the Civil War—Newton's capture by Confederates following the Battle of Cloyd's Mountain in May 1864, his role in operating on wounded Confederate General Albert Gallatin Jenkins, and his brief imprisonment and release from Libby Prison later that month. Other letters describe his working relationships with officers in the 91st Ohio Volunteer Infantry, especially assistant surgeon John B. Warwick and Colonel Benjamin F. Coates. In fact, Newton purchased a farm from Coates in April 1864.","The second series includes a few letters from other Newton family members written during the Civil War. A third series includes official documents such as pension files and Newton's appointment as postmaster in Gallipolis after the war. Finally, transcripts of the letters from Newton to his wife and children make up the final series."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n\u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\nhttp://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_d1865b72f1530e0f5d9526e57ab14ca8\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eAmerican Civil War correspondence, official documents, and other family materials related to William S. Newton, an Ohio doctor who from 1862 to 1865 served as assistant surgeon of the 91st Ohio Volunteer Infantry and surgeon of the 193rd Ohio Volunteer Infantry. Also includes transcripts of Newton's Civil War letters to his wife and children.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["American Civil War correspondence, official documents, and other family materials related to William S. Newton, an Ohio doctor who from 1862 to 1865 served as assistant surgeon of the 91st Ohio Volunteer Infantry and surgeon of the 193rd Ohio Volunteer Infantry. Also includes transcripts of Newton's Civil War letters to his wife and children."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Newton, William S. (William Smith), 1823-1882"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Newton, William S. (William Smith), 1823-1882"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":20,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:31:52.074Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3546_c03"}},{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_37_c03","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Series III: Other Unitarian Universalist Churches/General Assembly, 1866/2011","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_37_c03#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis series is about other Unitarian Universalist churches (in Virginia, the United States, and foreign countries) and the Unitarian Universalist General Assembly, as well as focusing on research about the church.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_37_c03#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_37_c03","ref_ssm":["vino_repositories_5_resources_37_c03"],"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_37_c03","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_37","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_37","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_37","parent_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_37","parent_ssim":["Unitarian Universalist Church of Norfolk Records, 1866/2011, bulk 1950/1990"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vino_repositories_5_resources_37"],"title_filing_ssi":"Series III: Other Unitarian Universalist Churches/General Assembly","title_ssm":["Series III: Other Unitarian Universalist Churches/General Assembly"],"title_tesim":["Series III: Other Unitarian Universalist Churches/General Assembly"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Series III: Other Unitarian Universalist Churches/General Assembly, 1866/2011"],"text":["Series III: Other Unitarian Universalist Churches/General Assembly, 1866/2011","Unitarian Universalist Church of Norfolk Records, 1866/2011, bulk 1950/1990","This series is about other Unitarian Universalist churches (in Virginia, the United States, and foreign countries) and the Unitarian Universalist General Assembly, as well as focusing on research about the church."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Unitarian Universalist Church of Norfolk Records, 1866/2011, bulk 1950/1990"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Unitarian Universalist Church of Norfolk Records, 1866/2011, bulk 1950/1990"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1866/2011"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1866-2011, undated"],"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":612,"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"collection_ssim":["Unitarian Universalist Church of Norfolk Records, 1866/2011, bulk 1950/1990"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":6,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Open to researchers without restriction."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"date_range_isim":[1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis series is about other Unitarian Universalist churches (in Virginia, the United States, and foreign countries) and the Unitarian Universalist General Assembly, as well as focusing on research about the church.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This series is about other Unitarian Universalist churches (in Virginia, the United States, and foreign countries) and the Unitarian Universalist General Assembly, as well as focusing on research about the church."],"_nest_path_":"/components#2","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:36.932Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_37","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_37","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_37","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_37","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_5_resources_37.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archivesguides.lib.odu.edu/repositories/5/resources/37","title_filing_ssi":"Unitarian Universalist Church of Norfolk","title_ssm":["Unitarian Universalist Church of Norfolk Records"],"title_tesim":["Unitarian Universalist Church of Norfolk Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1866-2011, undated","1950-1990","Date acquired: 05/20/2008"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1866-2011, undated"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1950-1990"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 05/20/2008"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1866/2011, bulk 1950/1990"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Unitarian Universalist Church of Norfolk Records, 1866/2011, bulk 1950/1990"],"text":["Unitarian Universalist Church of Norfolk Records, 1866/2011, bulk 1950/1990","MG 122","/repositories/5/resources/37","Unitarian Universalist churches--Virginia--Norfolk","Unitarian Universalists","African American Unitarian Universalists","African American schools","Open to researchers without restriction.","An addition to the collection was given in 2011.","The collection is organized into three series: Series I: Norfolk Unitarian Universalist Church of Norfolk; Series II: Black Universalism in Tidewater; and Series III: Other Unitarian Universalist Churches/General Assembly.","Unitarianism originally started in Transylvania during the 1500s and spread to the United States in 1700s. The belief centers around an open-minded philosophy based on values that are similar to Christianity excluding the belief of a trinity sovereign. Unitarians believe in a single, aspect of God focusing on a personal, direct relationship with that deity and exuding examples of rational thinking.  Unitarian believers began to accept elements of transcendentalism and humanist thought throughout the later years of the nineteenth century creating a more flexible faith. Famous Unitarians include Thomas Jefferson, John Quincy Adams, Dorothea Dix, and Ralph Waldo Emerson.","Unitarianism and Universalism in the Tidewater Area of Virginia; the Jordan School","In 1793, the Reverend Harry Toulmin, the first ordained minister in Norfolk preached briefly in the borough church (Saint Paul's Episcopal Church), before settling in Kentucky. Throughout the early 1800s, intermittent ministerial leadership and not enough congregants, prevented a permanent church from being formed. In 1848, Reverend Hope Bain preached to congregations in Norfolk and Portsmouth, while the Reverends Edwin H. Lake and Alden Bosserman preached to a congregation in the small village of Kempsville.","The Unitarian movement in Virginia stalled during the Civil War (1861-1865), but after the war, the belief of Universalism grew within the free black community, in which it is a religious belief that religion is open to all and that God accepts all types of races of people.  Reverend Joseph Jordan, who was the first black to be ordained as a Universalist minister, established a mission in Huntersville in 1887. In 1894, he built a chapel and school on Princess Anne Avenue (Road) and Wide Street. At the same time, under the Reverend Thomas F. Wise, a chapel and school was started in Suffolk (St. Paul's Universalist Church and Suffolk Normal Training School). Jordan died in 1901, and three years later the chapel and school in Norfolk folded. However, the chapel and school in Suffolk was going strong under the guidance of Joseph Fletcher Jordan (no relation to the previous Jordan).  The school under Jordan, had a student body over 300 students with grades first through eight, with ninth grade being added in after 1913. The church also succeeded under Jordan's career as minister allowing for the publication of \"The Colored Universalist,\" a monthly newspaper tailored for African-American readership. In 1929, Jordan died and his daughter Annie Bissell Jordan Willis became principal of the school which was later renamed the Jordan Neighborhood House (\"Jordan's School\"). In 1930 the St. Paul's Universalist Church folded, and due to the increase in public education for African-American students, the school became more focused on preschool and kindergarten. After the Second World War (1939-1945), the school started to provide services, such as childcare, prenatal care, after school activities for children, and counseling services. The school closed in 1984.","The First Unitarian Church of Norfolk","The First Unitarian Church of Norfolk was established in 1912 under the sponsorship of the American Unitarian Association in Boston. The church was led by the pastorates of the Reverends Julian R. Pennington, Frank W. Pratt, and John L. Einstein, and met in various buildings and then the former Disciples of Christ Church at 306 East Freemason Street. Sadly due to internal problems within the congregation and the First World War (1915-1918) caused the church to fold.","The Unitarian Church of Norfolk","In 1930 the Unitarian Church of Norfolk was reestablished with the help of the National Unitarian Laymen's League. The new church acquired the former home of the First Lutheran Church on 15th Street and Moran Avenue, across from Maury High School. The Reverend Harry Lutz was the first minister to serve the congregation. However church growth was slow due to the Great Depression and the Second World War. In the late 1940s and early 1950s, there was controversy within the church due to two ministers leaving over the issues of interracial relationships (Frank G. White) and bisexuality (Aubrey C. Todd).","Social Change within the Unitarian Church of Norfolk","In the mid to late 1950s, social change within the country through the Brown vs. Board of Education decision rendering \"separate but equal\" unconstitutional and the growing civil-rights movement had an impact on the church. Under the leadership of Reverend James C. Brewer, the church became vocal for the end of segregation and for the reopening of Norfolk schools in 1959 which were closed under the state mandate of \"Massive Resistance\" the year before. During the 1960s into the 1970s, under the Reverends James H. Curtis and Carl L. Esenwein , the church became more involved in social issues including fair housing, ending poverty, welfare rights, multiethnic textbooks, and the ending of American involvement in the Vietnam War. The church helped found the Norfolk chapter of the VISTA program, which was designed as a domestic peace corps and part of President Lyndon Johnson's war on poverty, as well as the chapter of the American Civil Liberties Union.","The involvement in these social issues were influenced by the belief of Universalism, and in 1961, the Unitarian Universalist Association and the American Unitarian Association consolidated to form the Unitarian Universalist Church.","In the 1970s and the 1980s, the church became active in women's and LGBTQ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer) rights with chapters of the National Organization for Women and the Unitarian Universalist Gay Caucus were founded there.","The church continues to be very active in social and political issues whether it is local, national, or worldwide.","The Growth of the Unitarian Church of Norfolk and its Future","In 1961 the church congregation outgrew the 15th Street and Moran Avenue location and moved to 902 Graydon Avenue (The Unitarian Center) where church social and educational activities were held, but worship services were held in a variety of places including the Little Theatre of Norfolk. This put a huge strain on the congregation and potential church growth. A search for a new church building begun, there was consideration to move to the suburbs, but the church chose to stay in a urban setting where its true \"mission lay in bearing witness in the city.\" Finally in 1972 the congregation found a permanent home in the former Second Presbyterian Church building at Yarmouth Street across from The Hague. Besides being a place of worship, the Yarmouth Street church has held concerts, recitals, educational, and social activities. Despite being a thriving place, the Yarmouth Street church has been prone to severe flooding from The Hague over the years and a new place was sought. A building formerly used by the Sanska Engineering Offices at 809 South Military Highway was purchased in 2017. The building is not affected by storm surge flooding, and will have more space for church activities. In July 2018, the new building opened for services. To conicide with the new location, the Norfolk congregation changed their name to the Coastal Virginia Unitarian Universalists (CVUU).","List of Pastors","Harry Lutz: 1930-1934","Gerald R. Fitzpatrick: 1934-1938","Robert W. Sonen: 1939-1944","William W. Peck: 1944","Frank G. White: 1944-1945","Douglas Angell: 1946-1948","Aubrey C. Todd: 1950-1955","Mary C. Lane: 1956 (Not a pastor, but a lay person who helped with services)","James C. Brewer: 1956-1961","James H. Curtis: 1961-1966","Carl L. Esenwein: 1966-1974","Arthur Graham: 1976-1981","Gary M. Gallum: 1981-1984","Peter Lee Scott: 1984-1987","Douglas Morgan Strong: 1987-1988","James Dittmer Roche: 1988-1989","Fern Cowan Stanley: 1990-1992","Janet Newman: 1992-1993","Maj-Britt Johnson: 1993-2000","Judith Morris: 2000-2001","Danny R. Reed: 2002-2005","Paul Boothby: 2005-2007","Pam Allen-Thompson: 2007-2008","Don Beaudreault: 2009","Phyllis Hubbell: 2009-2010","John Manwell: 2010-2011","Cyndi Simpson: 2011-2013","Jennifer Slade: 2013-2014","Charlie Dietrich: 2015-","Note written by Special Collections Staff","Some of the materials are aged and brittle, please handle with care.","This collection was reprocessed by Kathleen Smith, Metadata and Digital Services Specialist, from April 2017 to March 2018.","Willard C. Frank, Jr. Papers (RG 17-5B4)","The records of the Unitarian Universalist Church of Norfolk includes administrative materials, publications, articles, research materials, photographs, and audio-visual items regarding the history of the church. While the bulk of the records concern the Unitarian Universalist Church of Norfolk, the collection also contains material related to African American Universalism in the Tidewater region as well as Unitarian Universalist churches from across the United States.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","The collection contains administrative materials, publications, articles, research materials, photographs, and audio-visual items pertaining to the Unitarian Universalist Church of Norfolk.","ODU Community Collections","Unitarian Church of Norfolk (Norfolk, Va.)","Frank, Willard C., Jr. (1936-2011)","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Unitarian Universalist Church of Norfolk Records, 1866/2011, bulk 1950/1990"],"collection_ssim":["Unitarian Universalist Church of Norfolk Records, 1866/2011, bulk 1950/1990"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MG 122","/repositories/5/resources/37"],"unitid_tesim":["MG 122","/repositories/5/resources/37"],"repository_ssm":["Old Dominion University"],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"creator_ssm":["Unitarian Church of Norfolk (Norfolk, Va.)","Frank, Willard C., Jr. (1936-2011)"],"creator_ssim":["Unitarian Church of Norfolk (Norfolk, Va.)","Frank, Willard C., Jr. (1936-2011)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Frank, Willard C., Jr. (1936-2011)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Unitarian Church of Norfolk (Norfolk, Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["Frank, Willard C., Jr. (1936-2011)","ODU Community Collections","Unitarian Church of Norfolk (Norfolk, Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Willard C. Frank, Jr.","Gift. Accession #A2008-04"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Unitarian Universalist churches--Virginia--Norfolk","Unitarian Universalists","African American Unitarian Universalists","African American schools"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Unitarian Universalist churches--Virginia--Norfolk","Unitarian Universalists","African American Unitarian Universalists","African American schools"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["38.40 Linear Feet","91 Hollinger document cases; 1 card box; 1 media box; 1 oversized box boxes"],"extent_tesim":["38.40 Linear Feet","91 Hollinger document cases; 1 card box; 1 media box; 1 oversized box boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOpen to researchers without restriction.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Open to researchers without restriction."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAn addition to the collection was given in 2011.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals and Additions"],"accruals_tesim":["An addition to the collection was given in 2011."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into three series: Series I: Norfolk Unitarian Universalist Church of Norfolk; Series II: Black Universalism in Tidewater; and Series III: Other Unitarian Universalist Churches/General Assembly.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into three series: Series I: Norfolk Unitarian Universalist Church of Norfolk; Series II: Black Universalism in Tidewater; and Series III: Other Unitarian Universalist Churches/General Assembly."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnitarianism originally started in Transylvania during the 1500s and spread to the United States in 1700s. The belief centers around an open-minded philosophy based on values that are similar to Christianity excluding the belief of a trinity sovereign. Unitarians believe in a single, aspect of God focusing on a personal, direct relationship with that deity and exuding examples of rational thinking.  Unitarian believers began to accept elements of transcendentalism and humanist thought throughout the later years of the nineteenth century creating a more flexible faith. Famous Unitarians include Thomas Jefferson, John Quincy Adams, Dorothea Dix, and Ralph Waldo Emerson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eUnitarianism and Universalism in the Tidewater Area of Virginia; the Jordan School\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1793, the Reverend Harry Toulmin, the first ordained minister in Norfolk preached briefly in the borough church (Saint Paul's Episcopal Church), before settling in Kentucky. Throughout the early 1800s, intermittent ministerial leadership and not enough congregants, prevented a permanent church from being formed. In 1848, Reverend Hope Bain preached to congregations in Norfolk and Portsmouth, while the Reverends Edwin H. Lake and Alden Bosserman preached to a congregation in the small village of Kempsville.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Unitarian movement in Virginia stalled during the Civil War (1861-1865), but after the war, the belief of Universalism grew within the free black community, in which it is a religious belief that religion is open to all and that God accepts all types of races of people.  Reverend Joseph Jordan, who was the first black to be ordained as a Universalist minister, established a mission in Huntersville in 1887. In 1894, he built a chapel and school on Princess Anne Avenue (Road) and Wide Street. At the same time, under the Reverend Thomas F. Wise, a chapel and school was started in Suffolk (St. Paul's Universalist Church and Suffolk Normal Training School). Jordan died in 1901, and three years later the chapel and school in Norfolk folded. However, the chapel and school in Suffolk was going strong under the guidance of Joseph Fletcher Jordan (no relation to the previous Jordan).  The school under Jordan, had a student body over 300 students with grades first through eight, with ninth grade being added in after 1913. The church also succeeded under Jordan's career as minister allowing for the publication of \"The Colored Universalist,\" a monthly newspaper tailored for African-American readership. In 1929, Jordan died and his daughter Annie Bissell Jordan Willis became principal of the school which was later renamed the Jordan Neighborhood House (\"Jordan's School\"). In 1930 the St. Paul's Universalist Church folded, and due to the increase in public education for African-American students, the school became more focused on preschool and kindergarten. After the Second World War (1939-1945), the school started to provide services, such as childcare, prenatal care, after school activities for children, and counseling services. The school closed in 1984.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThe First Unitarian Church of Norfolk\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe First Unitarian Church of Norfolk was established in 1912 under the sponsorship of the American Unitarian Association in Boston. The church was led by the pastorates of the Reverends Julian R. Pennington, Frank W. Pratt, and John L. Einstein, and met in various buildings and then the former Disciples of Christ Church at 306 East Freemason Street. Sadly due to internal problems within the congregation and the First World War (1915-1918) caused the church to fold.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eThe Unitarian Church of Norfolk\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1930 the Unitarian Church of Norfolk was reestablished with the help of the National Unitarian Laymen's League. The new church acquired the former home of the First Lutheran Church on 15\u003cemph render=\"super\"\u003eth\u003c/emph\u003e Street and Moran Avenue, across from Maury High School. The Reverend Harry Lutz was the first minister to serve the congregation. However church growth was slow due to the Great Depression and the Second World War. In the late 1940s and early 1950s, there was controversy within the church due to two ministers leaving over the issues of interracial relationships (Frank G. White) and bisexuality (Aubrey C. Todd).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eSocial Change within the Unitarian Church of Norfolk\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the mid to late 1950s, social change within the country through the Brown vs. Board of Education decision rendering \"separate but equal\" unconstitutional and the growing civil-rights movement had an impact on the church. Under the leadership of Reverend James C. Brewer, the church became vocal for the end of segregation and for the reopening of Norfolk schools in 1959 which were closed under the state mandate of \"Massive Resistance\" the year before. During the 1960s into the 1970s, under the Reverends James H. Curtis and Carl L. Esenwein , the church became more involved in social issues including fair housing, ending poverty, welfare rights, multiethnic textbooks, and the ending of American involvement in the Vietnam War. The church helped found the Norfolk chapter of the VISTA program, which was designed as a domestic peace corps and part of President Lyndon Johnson's war on poverty, as well as the chapter of the American Civil Liberties Union.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe involvement in these social issues were influenced by the belief of Universalism, and in 1961, the Unitarian Universalist Association and the American Unitarian Association consolidated to form the Unitarian Universalist Church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the 1970s and the 1980s, the church became active in women's and LGBTQ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer) rights with chapters of the National Organization for Women and the Unitarian Universalist Gay Caucus were founded there.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe church continues to be very active in social and political issues whether it is local, national, or worldwide.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eThe Growth of the Unitarian Church of Norfolk and its Future\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1961 the church congregation outgrew the 15\u003cemph render=\"super\"\u003eth\u003c/emph\u003e Street and Moran Avenue location and moved to 902 Graydon Avenue (The Unitarian Center) where church social and educational activities were held, but worship services were held in a variety of places including the Little Theatre of Norfolk. This put a huge strain on the congregation and potential church growth. A search for a new church building begun, there was consideration to move to the suburbs, but the church chose to stay in a urban setting where its true \"mission lay in bearing witness in the city.\" Finally in 1972 the congregation found a permanent home in the former Second Presbyterian Church building at Yarmouth Street across from The Hague. Besides being a place of worship, the Yarmouth Street church has held concerts, recitals, educational, and social activities. Despite being a thriving place, the Yarmouth Street church has been prone to severe flooding from The Hague over the years and a new place was sought. A building formerly used by the Sanska Engineering Offices at 809 South Military Highway was purchased in 2017. The building is not affected by storm surge flooding, and will have more space for church activities. In July 2018, the new building opened for services. To conicide with the new location, the Norfolk congregation changed their name to the \u003ca href=\"https://c-vuu.org/\"\u003eCoastal Virginia Unitarian Universalists (CVUU)\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eList of Pastors\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarry Lutz: 1930-1934\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGerald R. Fitzpatrick: 1934-1938\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRobert W. Sonen: 1939-1944\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam W. Peck: 1944\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank G. White: 1944-1945\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDouglas Angell: 1946-1948\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAubrey C. Todd: 1950-1955\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMary C. Lane: 1956 (Not a pastor, but a lay person who helped with services)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJames C. Brewer: 1956-1961\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJames H. Curtis: 1961-1966\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCarl L. Esenwein: 1966-1974\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArthur Graham: 1976-1981\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGary M. Gallum: 1981-1984\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePeter Lee Scott: 1984-1987\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDouglas Morgan Strong: 1987-1988\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJames Dittmer Roche: 1988-1989\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFern Cowan Stanley: 1990-1992\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanet Newman: 1992-1993\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaj-Britt Johnson: 1993-2000\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJudith Morris: 2000-2001\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDanny R. Reed: 2002-2005\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePaul Boothby: 2005-2007\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePam Allen-Thompson: 2007-2008\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDon Beaudreault: 2009\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhyllis Hubbell: 2009-2010\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJohn Manwell: 2010-2011\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCyndi Simpson: 2011-2013\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJennifer Slade: 2013-2014\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharlie Dietrich: 2015-\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote written by Special Collections Staff\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Unitarianism originally started in Transylvania during the 1500s and spread to the United States in 1700s. The belief centers around an open-minded philosophy based on values that are similar to Christianity excluding the belief of a trinity sovereign. Unitarians believe in a single, aspect of God focusing on a personal, direct relationship with that deity and exuding examples of rational thinking.  Unitarian believers began to accept elements of transcendentalism and humanist thought throughout the later years of the nineteenth century creating a more flexible faith. Famous Unitarians include Thomas Jefferson, John Quincy Adams, Dorothea Dix, and Ralph Waldo Emerson.","Unitarianism and Universalism in the Tidewater Area of Virginia; the Jordan School","In 1793, the Reverend Harry Toulmin, the first ordained minister in Norfolk preached briefly in the borough church (Saint Paul's Episcopal Church), before settling in Kentucky. Throughout the early 1800s, intermittent ministerial leadership and not enough congregants, prevented a permanent church from being formed. In 1848, Reverend Hope Bain preached to congregations in Norfolk and Portsmouth, while the Reverends Edwin H. Lake and Alden Bosserman preached to a congregation in the small village of Kempsville.","The Unitarian movement in Virginia stalled during the Civil War (1861-1865), but after the war, the belief of Universalism grew within the free black community, in which it is a religious belief that religion is open to all and that God accepts all types of races of people.  Reverend Joseph Jordan, who was the first black to be ordained as a Universalist minister, established a mission in Huntersville in 1887. In 1894, he built a chapel and school on Princess Anne Avenue (Road) and Wide Street. At the same time, under the Reverend Thomas F. Wise, a chapel and school was started in Suffolk (St. Paul's Universalist Church and Suffolk Normal Training School). Jordan died in 1901, and three years later the chapel and school in Norfolk folded. However, the chapel and school in Suffolk was going strong under the guidance of Joseph Fletcher Jordan (no relation to the previous Jordan).  The school under Jordan, had a student body over 300 students with grades first through eight, with ninth grade being added in after 1913. The church also succeeded under Jordan's career as minister allowing for the publication of \"The Colored Universalist,\" a monthly newspaper tailored for African-American readership. In 1929, Jordan died and his daughter Annie Bissell Jordan Willis became principal of the school which was later renamed the Jordan Neighborhood House (\"Jordan's School\"). In 1930 the St. Paul's Universalist Church folded, and due to the increase in public education for African-American students, the school became more focused on preschool and kindergarten. After the Second World War (1939-1945), the school started to provide services, such as childcare, prenatal care, after school activities for children, and counseling services. The school closed in 1984.","The First Unitarian Church of Norfolk","The First Unitarian Church of Norfolk was established in 1912 under the sponsorship of the American Unitarian Association in Boston. The church was led by the pastorates of the Reverends Julian R. Pennington, Frank W. Pratt, and John L. Einstein, and met in various buildings and then the former Disciples of Christ Church at 306 East Freemason Street. Sadly due to internal problems within the congregation and the First World War (1915-1918) caused the church to fold.","The Unitarian Church of Norfolk","In 1930 the Unitarian Church of Norfolk was reestablished with the help of the National Unitarian Laymen's League. The new church acquired the former home of the First Lutheran Church on 15th Street and Moran Avenue, across from Maury High School. The Reverend Harry Lutz was the first minister to serve the congregation. However church growth was slow due to the Great Depression and the Second World War. In the late 1940s and early 1950s, there was controversy within the church due to two ministers leaving over the issues of interracial relationships (Frank G. White) and bisexuality (Aubrey C. Todd).","Social Change within the Unitarian Church of Norfolk","In the mid to late 1950s, social change within the country through the Brown vs. Board of Education decision rendering \"separate but equal\" unconstitutional and the growing civil-rights movement had an impact on the church. Under the leadership of Reverend James C. Brewer, the church became vocal for the end of segregation and for the reopening of Norfolk schools in 1959 which were closed under the state mandate of \"Massive Resistance\" the year before. During the 1960s into the 1970s, under the Reverends James H. Curtis and Carl L. Esenwein , the church became more involved in social issues including fair housing, ending poverty, welfare rights, multiethnic textbooks, and the ending of American involvement in the Vietnam War. The church helped found the Norfolk chapter of the VISTA program, which was designed as a domestic peace corps and part of President Lyndon Johnson's war on poverty, as well as the chapter of the American Civil Liberties Union.","The involvement in these social issues were influenced by the belief of Universalism, and in 1961, the Unitarian Universalist Association and the American Unitarian Association consolidated to form the Unitarian Universalist Church.","In the 1970s and the 1980s, the church became active in women's and LGBTQ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer) rights with chapters of the National Organization for Women and the Unitarian Universalist Gay Caucus were founded there.","The church continues to be very active in social and political issues whether it is local, national, or worldwide.","The Growth of the Unitarian Church of Norfolk and its Future","In 1961 the church congregation outgrew the 15th Street and Moran Avenue location and moved to 902 Graydon Avenue (The Unitarian Center) where church social and educational activities were held, but worship services were held in a variety of places including the Little Theatre of Norfolk. This put a huge strain on the congregation and potential church growth. A search for a new church building begun, there was consideration to move to the suburbs, but the church chose to stay in a urban setting where its true \"mission lay in bearing witness in the city.\" Finally in 1972 the congregation found a permanent home in the former Second Presbyterian Church building at Yarmouth Street across from The Hague. Besides being a place of worship, the Yarmouth Street church has held concerts, recitals, educational, and social activities. Despite being a thriving place, the Yarmouth Street church has been prone to severe flooding from The Hague over the years and a new place was sought. A building formerly used by the Sanska Engineering Offices at 809 South Military Highway was purchased in 2017. The building is not affected by storm surge flooding, and will have more space for church activities. In July 2018, the new building opened for services. To conicide with the new location, the Norfolk congregation changed their name to the Coastal Virginia Unitarian Universalists (CVUU).","List of Pastors","Harry Lutz: 1930-1934","Gerald R. Fitzpatrick: 1934-1938","Robert W. Sonen: 1939-1944","William W. Peck: 1944","Frank G. White: 1944-1945","Douglas Angell: 1946-1948","Aubrey C. Todd: 1950-1955","Mary C. Lane: 1956 (Not a pastor, but a lay person who helped with services)","James C. Brewer: 1956-1961","James H. Curtis: 1961-1966","Carl L. Esenwein: 1966-1974","Arthur Graham: 1976-1981","Gary M. Gallum: 1981-1984","Peter Lee Scott: 1984-1987","Douglas Morgan Strong: 1987-1988","James Dittmer Roche: 1988-1989","Fern Cowan Stanley: 1990-1992","Janet Newman: 1992-1993","Maj-Britt Johnson: 1993-2000","Judith Morris: 2000-2001","Danny R. Reed: 2002-2005","Paul Boothby: 2005-2007","Pam Allen-Thompson: 2007-2008","Don Beaudreault: 2009","Phyllis Hubbell: 2009-2010","John Manwell: 2010-2011","Cyndi Simpson: 2011-2013","Jennifer Slade: 2013-2014","Charlie Dietrich: 2015-","Note written by Special Collections Staff"],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSome of the materials are aged and brittle, please handle with care.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Physical Access Requirements"],"phystech_tesim":["Some of the materials are aged and brittle, please handle with care."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Unitarian Universalist Church of Norfolk Records, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Unitarian Universalist Church of Norfolk Records, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection was reprocessed by Kathleen Smith, Metadata and Digital Services Specialist, from April 2017 to March 2018.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["This collection was reprocessed by Kathleen Smith, Metadata and Digital Services Specialist, from April 2017 to March 2018."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWillard C. Frank, Jr. Papers (RG 17-5B4)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Willard C. Frank, Jr. Papers (RG 17-5B4)"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe records of the Unitarian Universalist Church of Norfolk includes administrative materials, publications, articles, research materials, photographs, and audio-visual items regarding the history of the church. While the bulk of the records concern the Unitarian Universalist Church of Norfolk, the collection also contains material related to African American Universalism in the Tidewater region as well as Unitarian Universalist churches from across the United States.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The records of the Unitarian Universalist Church of Norfolk includes administrative materials, publications, articles, research materials, photographs, and audio-visual items regarding the history of the church. While the bulk of the records concern the Unitarian Universalist Church of Norfolk, the collection also contains material related to African American Universalism in the Tidewater region as well as Unitarian Universalist churches from across the United States."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_1b0f52c7e47797c7ddd90658c4ed987b\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection contains administrative materials, publications, articles, research materials, photographs, and audio-visual items pertaining to the Unitarian Universalist Church of Norfolk.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The collection contains administrative materials, publications, articles, research materials, photographs, and audio-visual items pertaining to the Unitarian Universalist Church of Norfolk."],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Unitarian Church of Norfolk (Norfolk, Va.)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Unitarian Church of Norfolk (Norfolk, Va.)"],"persname_ssim":["Frank, Willard C., Jr. (1936-2011)"],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Unitarian Church of Norfolk (Norfolk, Va.)","Frank, Willard C., Jr. (1936-2011)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":788,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:36.932Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_37_c03"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3394_c03","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Series III: Papers and Artifacts, 1860/1996","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3394_c03#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3394_c03","ref_ssm":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3394_c03"],"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3394_c03","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3394","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3394","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3394","parent_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3394","parent_ssim":["Rosanna Croy Dawson Collection, 1847/1907"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3394"],"title_filing_ssi":"Series III: Papers and Artifacts","title_ssm":["Series III: Papers and Artifacts"],"title_tesim":["Series III: Papers and Artifacts"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Series III: Papers and Artifacts, 1860/1996"],"text":["Series III: Papers and Artifacts, 1860/1996","Rosanna Croy Dawson Collection, 1847/1907"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Rosanna Croy Dawson Collection, 1847/1907"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Rosanna Croy Dawson Collection, 1847/1907"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1860/1996"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1860-1996"],"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":22,"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"collection_ssim":["Rosanna Croy Dawson Collection, 1847/1907"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":2,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Permission to publish material from Rosanna Croy Dawson Collection must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech."],"date_range_isim":[1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996],"_nest_path_":"/components#2","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:31:39.599Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3394","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3394","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3394","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3394","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_3394.xml","title_ssm":["Rosanna Croy Dawson Collection"],"title_tesim":["Rosanna Croy Dawson Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1847-1907, 2019"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1847-1907, 2019"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1847/1907"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Rosanna Croy Dawson Collection, 1847/1907"],"text":["Rosanna Croy Dawson Collection, 1847/1907","Ms.2019.012","Blacksburg (Va.)","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Montgomery County (Va.)","Women -- History","Diaries","The collection is open for research.","The Rosanna Croy Dawson Collection is arranged in three series: Diaries, Images, and Papers and Artifacts. \nI. Diaries contains the following items: diaries dated 1847-1907, transcripts of diaries, and loose pages that did not belong in the diaries. This series is arranged by material type. \nII. Images contains photographs and a newspaper clipping. The photographs are of Rosanna and William Dawson, their children and grandchildren, unidentified family members, the Dawson House, and a picture and newspaper clipping of when the Liberty Bell came to Roanoke, VA. This series is arranged by subject. \nIII. Papers and Artifacts contains two sub-series: Family Papers/Genealogy and Ephemera. Family Papers/Genealogy contains primary sources for research, genealogy research, original correspondence, receipts and deeds, a description of William Dawson's chair, and a Roanoke Times article about the collection. Ephemera contains publications, including \"The Maid of the Mountains\", \"The Secret of a Happy Day\", \"Methodism in Blacksburg\", other local history information, and a Washington, D.C. ashtray. This series is arranged by material type.","Rosanna Croy Dawson was born on 1822 to Methodist sexton Adam Croy and Elizabeth Echols Croy. Records suggest that Rosanna married William H. Dawson (November 23, 1811-March 27, 1878) between December 30, 1839 and January 2, 1840. William H. Dawson was a teacher. Together they raised nine children in a home located at the intersection of East Roanoke and Wharton Streets. The nine children were Robert M., William Thomas, Melissa Jane, Wesley McDonald, Martha V., Sarah E., Mary M., Maggie R., and Ellen Pauline. William H. Dawson taught mathematics, French, and Latin at the Olin and Preston Institute after it opened in 1851. William was the head of the school until it closed when the Civil War began.","Rosanna's youngest daughter, Ellen, started a dressmaking business out of the house. Following William H. Dawson's death in 1878, Rosanna joined her daughter in the business. Rosanna kept books for the business and actually recorded the names of the women who sewed, the garments they worked on, and the hours they worked to keep track of how much they should be paid.","Rosanna died on March 18, 1906.","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Rosanna Croy Dawson Collection was completed in March 2019.","The Rosanna Croy Dawson Collection includes materials from 1847-1907. The collection contains family history related to the Croy-Dawson families, framed + unframed photographs, business papers from the dress shop, and family materials relating to Blacksburg. The collection consists of three series: Diaries, Images, and Papers and Artifacts.","Permission to publish material from Rosanna Croy Dawson Collection must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech.","The Rosanna Croy Dawson Collection includes materials from 1847-1907. The collection contains information relating to the Croy Dawson Family and supposedly the only woman-run business in Blacksburg, VA at that time.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Methodist Church (U.S.)","Croy family (Blacksburg, Va.)","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Rosanna Croy Dawson Collection, 1847/1907"],"collection_ssim":["Rosanna Croy Dawson Collection, 1847/1907"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2019.012"],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2019.012"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["Blacksburg (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Blacksburg (Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Blacksburg (Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Croy family (Blacksburg, Va.)"],"creator_ssim":["Croy family (Blacksburg, Va.)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Methodist Church (U.S.)"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Croy family (Blacksburg, Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Methodist Church (U.S.)","Croy family (Blacksburg, Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish material from Rosanna Croy Dawson Collection must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Rosanna Croy Dawson Collection was donated to Special Collections in 2019."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Montgomery County (Va.)","Women -- History","Diaries"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Montgomery County (Va.)","Women -- History","Diaries"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2.8 Cubic Feet 4 boxes; 2 framed items"],"extent_tesim":["2.8 Cubic Feet 4 boxes; 2 framed items"],"genreform_ssim":["Diaries"],"date_range_isim":[1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Rosanna Croy Dawson Collection is arranged in three series: Diaries, Images, and Papers and Artifacts. \nI. Diaries contains the following items: diaries dated 1847-1907, transcripts of diaries, and loose pages that did not belong in the diaries. This series is arranged by material type. \nII. Images contains photographs and a newspaper clipping. The photographs are of Rosanna and William Dawson, their children and grandchildren, unidentified family members, the Dawson House, and a picture and newspaper clipping of when the Liberty Bell came to Roanoke, VA. This series is arranged by subject. \nIII. Papers and Artifacts contains two sub-series: Family Papers/Genealogy and Ephemera. Family Papers/Genealogy contains primary sources for research, genealogy research, original correspondence, receipts and deeds, a description of William Dawson's chair, and a Roanoke Times article about the collection. Ephemera contains publications, including \"The Maid of the Mountains\", \"The Secret of a Happy Day\", \"Methodism in Blacksburg\", other local history information, and a Washington, D.C. ashtray. This series is arranged by material type.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Rosanna Croy Dawson Collection is arranged in three series: Diaries, Images, and Papers and Artifacts. \nI. Diaries contains the following items: diaries dated 1847-1907, transcripts of diaries, and loose pages that did not belong in the diaries. This series is arranged by material type. \nII. Images contains photographs and a newspaper clipping. The photographs are of Rosanna and William Dawson, their children and grandchildren, unidentified family members, the Dawson House, and a picture and newspaper clipping of when the Liberty Bell came to Roanoke, VA. This series is arranged by subject. \nIII. Papers and Artifacts contains two sub-series: Family Papers/Genealogy and Ephemera. Family Papers/Genealogy contains primary sources for research, genealogy research, original correspondence, receipts and deeds, a description of William Dawson's chair, and a Roanoke Times article about the collection. Ephemera contains publications, including \"The Maid of the Mountains\", \"The Secret of a Happy Day\", \"Methodism in Blacksburg\", other local history information, and a Washington, D.C. ashtray. This series is arranged by material type."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRosanna Croy Dawson was born on 1822 to Methodist sexton Adam Croy and Elizabeth Echols Croy. Records suggest that Rosanna married William H. Dawson (November 23, 1811-March 27, 1878) between December 30, 1839 and January 2, 1840. William H. Dawson was a teacher. Together they raised nine children in a home located at the intersection of East Roanoke and Wharton Streets. The nine children were Robert M., William Thomas, Melissa Jane, Wesley McDonald, Martha V., Sarah E., Mary M., Maggie R., and Ellen Pauline. William H. Dawson taught mathematics, French, and Latin at the Olin and Preston Institute after it opened in 1851. William was the head of the school until it closed when the Civil War began.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRosanna's youngest daughter, Ellen, started a dressmaking business out of the house. Following William H. Dawson's death in 1878, Rosanna joined her daughter in the business. Rosanna kept books for the business and actually recorded the names of the women who sewed, the garments they worked on, and the hours they worked to keep track of how much they should be paid. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRosanna died on March 18, 1906. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Rosanna Croy Dawson was born on 1822 to Methodist sexton Adam Croy and Elizabeth Echols Croy. Records suggest that Rosanna married William H. Dawson (November 23, 1811-March 27, 1878) between December 30, 1839 and January 2, 1840. William H. Dawson was a teacher. Together they raised nine children in a home located at the intersection of East Roanoke and Wharton Streets. The nine children were Robert M., William Thomas, Melissa Jane, Wesley McDonald, Martha V., Sarah E., Mary M., Maggie R., and Ellen Pauline. William H. Dawson taught mathematics, French, and Latin at the Olin and Preston Institute after it opened in 1851. William was the head of the school until it closed when the Civil War began.","Rosanna's youngest daughter, Ellen, started a dressmaking business out of the house. Following William H. Dawson's death in 1878, Rosanna joined her daughter in the business. Rosanna kept books for the business and actually recorded the names of the women who sewed, the garments they worked on, and the hours they worked to keep track of how much they should be paid.","Rosanna died on March 18, 1906."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: Rosanna Croy Dawson Collection, Ms2019-012, Special Collections, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: Rosanna Croy Dawson Collection, Ms2019-012, Special Collections, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Rosanna Croy Dawson Collection was completed in March 2019.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Rosanna Croy Dawson Collection was completed in March 2019."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Rosanna Croy Dawson Collection includes materials from 1847-1907. The collection contains family history related to the Croy-Dawson families, framed + unframed photographs, business papers from the dress shop, and family materials relating to Blacksburg. The collection consists of three series: Diaries, Images, and Papers and Artifacts.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Rosanna Croy Dawson Collection includes materials from 1847-1907. The collection contains family history related to the Croy-Dawson families, framed + unframed photographs, business papers from the dress shop, and family materials relating to Blacksburg. The collection consists of three series: Diaries, Images, and Papers and Artifacts."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish material from Rosanna Croy Dawson Collection must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish material from Rosanna Croy Dawson Collection must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_45e2694087ca84094c6832890d7de9bb\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Rosanna Croy Dawson Collection includes materials from 1847-1907. The collection contains information relating to the Croy Dawson Family and supposedly the only woman-run business in Blacksburg, VA at that time.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Rosanna Croy Dawson Collection includes materials from 1847-1907. The collection contains information relating to the Croy Dawson Family and supposedly the only woman-run business in Blacksburg, VA at that time."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Methodist Church (U.S.)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Methodist Church (U.S.)"],"famname_ssim":["Croy family (Blacksburg, Va.)"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Methodist Church (U.S.)","Croy family (Blacksburg, Va.)"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"total_component_count_is":32,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:31:39.599Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3394_c03"}},{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_12_c03","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Series III: Personal/Family, 1849/1975","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_12_c03#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_12_c03","ref_ssm":["vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_12_c03"],"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_12_c03","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_12","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_12","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_12","parent_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_12","parent_ssim":["Helen Norris Cummings Papers (MS072), 1865/1949"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_12"],"title_filing_ssi":"Series III: Personal/Family","title_ssm":["Series III: Personal/Family"],"title_tesim":["Series III: Personal/Family"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Series III: Personal/Family, 1849/1975"],"text":["Series III: Personal/Family, 1849/1975","Helen Norris Cummings Papers (MS072), 1865/1949"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Helen Norris Cummings Papers (MS072), 1865/1949"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Helen Norris Cummings Papers (MS072), 1865/1949"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1849/1975"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1849-1975"],"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":342,"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"collection_ssim":["Helen Norris Cummings Papers (MS072), 1865/1949"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":19,"date_range_isim":[1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975],"_nest_path_":"/components#2","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:21:50.422Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_12","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_12","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_12","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_12","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ALEX/repositories_2_resources_12.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://alexlibraryva.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/12","title_ssm":["Helen Norris Cummings Papers (MS072)"],"title_tesim":["Helen Norris Cummings Papers (MS072)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1865-1949"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1865-1949"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1865/1949"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Helen Norris Cummings Papers (MS072), 1865/1949"],"text":["Helen Norris Cummings Papers (MS072), 1865/1949","MS072","Americanization.","Industrial Defense Association","Colonial Dames of America","Anti-communist movements -- United States.","Antisemitism -- United States.","American Defense Society.","Virginia Federation of Women's Clubs","Daughters of the American Revolution -- Alexandria (Va.)","Auxiliary National Patriotic Council","Council of the Original Thirteen States","Churchwoman's Patriotic League","Movement Against Socialism in the Church","Cameron Club","National Patriotic Council","This collection is organized into five series: Correspondence, Subject Files, Personal/Family, Oversize, and Bound Volumes. Also, at the end of the collection (Boxes 72V and 72W) are two boxes of unidentified photo plates.","Helen Norris Cummings, daughter of Norris Cummings (1834-1904) and Emma Ricketts Cummings (d. 1930), resided in Alexandria from about 1894 until 1949, the time of her death. The family came from Philadelphia, where Norris had been involved in \"William Cummings and Son,\" his family's international shipping business. Helen was active in community affairs. In 1894 she founded the Cameron Club, a member of the Federation of Women's Clubs. (See Cameron Club Collection). She also held various positions in the Virginia Federation of Women's Clubs. Much of her activity within the clubs, particularly starting around 1920, was devoted to tracking communist, socialist, and jewish groups and dispersing anti-radical literature within her womens groups.","This collection consists of the research materials of Helen Norris Cummings, founder of the Cameron Club, member of the Federation of Women's Club, and local historian.","The correspondence spans the period from 1870 to 1943. Most of the pre-1905 letters deal with genealogy, and the majority of these are addressed to Emma, Helen's mother. Approximately half of the 1905 to 1920 letters are also Emma's. Many of Helen's letters deal with political issues, such as immigration and radicalism. Box 72E Folder 4 contains numerous letters from congressmen. These appear to be responses to her comments on immigration. Among the agencies from which she received letters are the National Republic, The Movement Against Socialism in the Church, and the Industrial Defense Association. \nThe subject files contain mostly printed matter and a few pieces of correspondence and appear to largely center aroound communist and socialist activity. They served to keep track of supposed subversive activity by groups and people that were either openly or suspected socialists, or communists. This material was not only for personal reference, but was shared amongst the many womens groups she was a part of.\n    These files are divided into two subseries: \"Subject-Who's Who\" and \"Subject.\" Handwritten notes on many documents indicate that Helen kept files on (at least) people, legislation, nations, and organizations. She wrote \"Who's Who\" on materials relating to particular individuals. Only part of the index to her files remains. It appears that she divided the subjects into broad topics and then alphabetized them within each topic. According to the surviving index (Box 72N Folder 15), File #5 was \"Patriotism and History,\" and File #3 was \"Radicalism.\" Because it is impossible to reconstruct the entire filing system, the folder titles reflect either folders that remained from her file cabinets, or were created because Cummings labelled papers. For example, when Lloyd House received this collection there was not a folder labelled \"Labor.\" One was created, however, because Helen wrote \"Labor\" at the top of a pamphlet. \nThe miscellaneous sections at the end of each subseries are a catch-all, not created by Helen. Because of the overlap of people with subjects, and subjects with other subjects, information in folders are not exclusive. For example, there is a \"Who's Who\" folder on Earl Browder, the Communist Party's candidate for president in 1936 and 1940. These is also a \"Subject\" folder on the Communist Party. Necessarily, these two overlap. The folders \"Trials,\" \"Citizenship,\" \"Immigration,\" and \"Constitution-U.S.\" contain articles about, or letters to newspaper editors, written by Helen. Several folders, particularly \"Immigration,\" and \"Subsidiary Movements,\" contain issues of \"The Daily Data Sheet of the Key Men in America.\" The purpose of these appears to provide information about Communist and Socialist activities in the U.S. At least one clipping in the subject files was printed after Helen's death. This may have occurred because Esther Green continued to maintain these files. \nThe Personal/Family series contains genealogical information, as well as obituaries of Helen, Norris, William Cummings (Helen's grandfather), and various other relatives. \nThe oversize materials include a clip sheet from the National Patriotic Council and approximately a dozen posters in Russian. There are also a few anti-Communism and anti- Socialism posters. \nThe bound volumes include Helen's diaries from 1894 to 1929 (not a complete set), an account book, a letter book, a prayer book, and an autograph book.","Photos were transferred to the photograph collection. The photos from this collection and the Esther Green Collection are mixed. Also, papers relating to the Ricketts family are now in the Ricketts Collection.","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Cummings, Helen Norris, 1865-1949","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Helen Norris Cummings Papers (MS072), 1865/1949"],"collection_ssim":["Helen Norris Cummings Papers (MS072), 1865/1949"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS072"],"unitid_tesim":["MS072"],"repository_ssm":["Alexandria Library"],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Americanization."],"geogname_ssim":["Americanization."],"places_ssim":["Americanization."],"creator_ssm":["Cummings, Helen Norris, 1865-1949"],"creator_ssim":["Cummings, Helen Norris, 1865-1949"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Cummings, Helen Norris, 1865-1949"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library"],"creators_ssim":["Cummings, Helen Norris, 1865-1949","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Industrial Defense Association","Colonial Dames of America","Anti-communist movements -- United States.","Antisemitism -- United States.","American Defense Society.","Virginia Federation of Women's Clubs","Daughters of the American Revolution -- Alexandria (Va.)","Auxiliary National Patriotic Council","Council of the Original Thirteen States","Churchwoman's Patriotic League","Movement Against Socialism in the Church","Cameron Club","National Patriotic Council"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Industrial Defense Association","Colonial Dames of America","Anti-communist movements -- United States.","Antisemitism -- United States.","American Defense Society.","Virginia Federation of Women's Clubs","Daughters of the American Revolution -- Alexandria (Va.)","Auxiliary National Patriotic Council","Council of the Original Thirteen States","Churchwoman's Patriotic League","Movement Against Socialism in the Church","Cameron Club","National Patriotic Council"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["10.97 Cubic Feet 25 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["10.97 Cubic Feet 25 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is organized into five series: Correspondence, Subject Files, Personal/Family, Oversize, and Bound Volumes. Also, at the end of the collection (Boxes 72V and 72W) are two boxes of unidentified photo plates.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is organized into five series: Correspondence, Subject Files, Personal/Family, Oversize, and Bound Volumes. Also, at the end of the collection (Boxes 72V and 72W) are two boxes of unidentified photo plates."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHelen Norris Cummings, daughter of Norris Cummings (1834-1904) and Emma Ricketts Cummings (d. 1930), resided in Alexandria from about 1894 until 1949, the time of her death. The family came from Philadelphia, where Norris had been involved in \"William Cummings and Son,\" his family's international shipping business. Helen was active in community affairs. In 1894 she founded the Cameron Club, a member of the Federation of Women's Clubs. (See Cameron Club Collection). She also held various positions in the Virginia Federation of Women's Clubs. Much of her activity within the clubs, particularly starting around 1920, was devoted to tracking communist, socialist, and jewish groups and dispersing anti-radical literature within her womens groups.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Helen Norris Cummings, daughter of Norris Cummings (1834-1904) and Emma Ricketts Cummings (d. 1930), resided in Alexandria from about 1894 until 1949, the time of her death. The family came from Philadelphia, where Norris had been involved in \"William Cummings and Son,\" his family's international shipping business. Helen was active in community affairs. In 1894 she founded the Cameron Club, a member of the Federation of Women's Clubs. (See Cameron Club Collection). She also held various positions in the Virginia Federation of Women's Clubs. Much of her activity within the clubs, particularly starting around 1920, was devoted to tracking communist, socialist, and jewish groups and dispersing anti-radical literature within her womens groups."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Item identification], Helen Norris Cummings Papers, Ms. 72, Alexandria Library, Local History/Special Collections, Alexandria, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Item identification], Helen Norris Cummings Papers, Ms. 72, Alexandria Library, Local History/Special Collections, Alexandria, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of the research materials of Helen Norris Cummings, founder of the Cameron Club, member of the Federation of Women's Club, and local historian.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe correspondence spans the period from 1870 to 1943. Most of the pre-1905 letters deal with genealogy, and the majority of these are addressed to Emma, Helen's mother. Approximately half of the 1905 to 1920 letters are also Emma's. Many of Helen's letters deal with political issues, such as immigration and radicalism. Box 72E Folder 4 contains numerous letters from congressmen. These appear to be responses to her comments on immigration. Among the agencies from which she received letters are the National Republic, The Movement Against Socialism in the Church, and the Industrial Defense Association. \nThe subject files contain mostly printed matter and a few pieces of correspondence and appear to largely center aroound communist and socialist activity. They served to keep track of supposed subversive activity by groups and people that were either openly or suspected socialists, or communists. This material was not only for personal reference, but was shared amongst the many womens groups she was a part of.\n    These files are divided into two subseries: \"Subject-Who's Who\" and \"Subject.\" Handwritten notes on many documents indicate that Helen kept files on (at least) people, legislation, nations, and organizations. She wrote \"Who's Who\" on materials relating to particular individuals. Only part of the index to her files remains. It appears that she divided the subjects into broad topics and then alphabetized them within each topic. According to the surviving index (Box 72N Folder 15), File #5 was \"Patriotism and History,\" and File #3 was \"Radicalism.\" Because it is impossible to reconstruct the entire filing system, the folder titles reflect either folders that remained from her file cabinets, or were created because Cummings labelled papers. For example, when Lloyd House received this collection there was not a folder labelled \"Labor.\" One was created, however, because Helen wrote \"Labor\" at the top of a pamphlet. \nThe miscellaneous sections at the end of each subseries are a catch-all, not created by Helen. Because of the overlap of people with subjects, and subjects with other subjects, information in folders are not exclusive. For example, there is a \"Who's Who\" folder on Earl Browder, the Communist Party's candidate for president in 1936 and 1940. These is also a \"Subject\" folder on the Communist Party. Necessarily, these two overlap. The folders \"Trials,\" \"Citizenship,\" \"Immigration,\" and \"Constitution-U.S.\" contain articles about, or letters to newspaper editors, written by Helen. Several folders, particularly \"Immigration,\" and \"Subsidiary Movements,\" contain issues of \"The Daily Data Sheet of the Key Men in America.\" The purpose of these appears to provide information about Communist and Socialist activities in the U.S. At least one clipping in the subject files was printed after Helen's death. This may have occurred because Esther Green continued to maintain these files. \nThe Personal/Family series contains genealogical information, as well as obituaries of Helen, Norris, William Cummings (Helen's grandfather), and various other relatives. \nThe oversize materials include a clip sheet from the National Patriotic Council and approximately a dozen posters in Russian. There are also a few anti-Communism and anti- Socialism posters. \nThe bound volumes include Helen's diaries from 1894 to 1929 (not a complete set), an account book, a letter book, a prayer book, and an autograph book. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of the research materials of Helen Norris Cummings, founder of the Cameron Club, member of the Federation of Women's Club, and local historian.","The correspondence spans the period from 1870 to 1943. Most of the pre-1905 letters deal with genealogy, and the majority of these are addressed to Emma, Helen's mother. Approximately half of the 1905 to 1920 letters are also Emma's. Many of Helen's letters deal with political issues, such as immigration and radicalism. Box 72E Folder 4 contains numerous letters from congressmen. These appear to be responses to her comments on immigration. Among the agencies from which she received letters are the National Republic, The Movement Against Socialism in the Church, and the Industrial Defense Association. \nThe subject files contain mostly printed matter and a few pieces of correspondence and appear to largely center aroound communist and socialist activity. They served to keep track of supposed subversive activity by groups and people that were either openly or suspected socialists, or communists. This material was not only for personal reference, but was shared amongst the many womens groups she was a part of.\n    These files are divided into two subseries: \"Subject-Who's Who\" and \"Subject.\" Handwritten notes on many documents indicate that Helen kept files on (at least) people, legislation, nations, and organizations. She wrote \"Who's Who\" on materials relating to particular individuals. Only part of the index to her files remains. It appears that she divided the subjects into broad topics and then alphabetized them within each topic. According to the surviving index (Box 72N Folder 15), File #5 was \"Patriotism and History,\" and File #3 was \"Radicalism.\" Because it is impossible to reconstruct the entire filing system, the folder titles reflect either folders that remained from her file cabinets, or were created because Cummings labelled papers. For example, when Lloyd House received this collection there was not a folder labelled \"Labor.\" One was created, however, because Helen wrote \"Labor\" at the top of a pamphlet. \nThe miscellaneous sections at the end of each subseries are a catch-all, not created by Helen. Because of the overlap of people with subjects, and subjects with other subjects, information in folders are not exclusive. For example, there is a \"Who's Who\" folder on Earl Browder, the Communist Party's candidate for president in 1936 and 1940. These is also a \"Subject\" folder on the Communist Party. Necessarily, these two overlap. The folders \"Trials,\" \"Citizenship,\" \"Immigration,\" and \"Constitution-U.S.\" contain articles about, or letters to newspaper editors, written by Helen. Several folders, particularly \"Immigration,\" and \"Subsidiary Movements,\" contain issues of \"The Daily Data Sheet of the Key Men in America.\" The purpose of these appears to provide information about Communist and Socialist activities in the U.S. At least one clipping in the subject files was printed after Helen's death. This may have occurred because Esther Green continued to maintain these files. \nThe Personal/Family series contains genealogical information, as well as obituaries of Helen, Norris, William Cummings (Helen's grandfather), and various other relatives. \nThe oversize materials include a clip sheet from the National Patriotic Council and approximately a dozen posters in Russian. There are also a few anti-Communism and anti- Socialism posters. \nThe bound volumes include Helen's diaries from 1894 to 1929 (not a complete set), an account book, a letter book, a prayer book, and an autograph book."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePhotos were transferred to the photograph collection. The photos from this collection and the Esther Green Collection are mixed. Also, papers relating to the Ricketts family are now in the Ricketts Collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Photos were transferred to the photograph collection. The photos from this collection and the Esther Green Collection are mixed. Also, papers relating to the Ricketts family are now in the Ricketts Collection."],"corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library"],"persname_ssim":["Cummings, Helen Norris, 1865-1949"],"names_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Cummings, Helen Norris, 1865-1949"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":376,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:21:50.422Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_12_c03"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3580_c03","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Series III: Personal Papers, 1819/1902","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3580_c03#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3580_c03","ref_ssm":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3580_c03"],"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3580_c03","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3580","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3580","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3580","parent_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3580","parent_ssim":["Dillard-Larkin Family Papers, 1809/1955"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3580"],"title_filing_ssi":"Series III: Personal Papers","title_ssm":["Series III: Personal Papers"],"title_tesim":["Series III: Personal Papers"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Series III: Personal Papers, 1819/1902"],"text":["Series III: Personal Papers, 1819/1902","Dillard-Larkin Family Papers, 1809/1955"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Dillard-Larkin Family Papers, 1809/1955"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Dillard-Larkin Family Papers, 1809/1955"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1819/1902"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1819, 1840-1902"],"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":45,"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"collection_ssim":["Dillard-Larkin Family Papers, 1809/1955"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":8,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["This collection is largely in the public domain due to its age. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply to more recent materials. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\nhttp://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"date_range_isim":[1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902],"_nest_path_":"/components#2","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:31:53.578Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3580","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3580","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3580","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3580","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_3580.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Dillard-Larkin Family Papers","title_ssm":["Dillard-Larkin Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Dillard-Larkin Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1809-1955"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1809-1955"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1809/1955"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Dillard-Larkin Family Papers, 1809/1955"],"text":["Dillard-Larkin Family Papers, 1809/1955","Ms.2021.045","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Virginia -- History","The collection is open for research.","The Dillard-Larkin Family Papers collection is arranged in 3 series, correspondence, financial, and personal papers. The collection also contains photographs and speeches that are not assigned a series.","Series I: Correspondence, 1809-1930, contains personal correspondence between members of the Dillard, Larkin, Christian, Turner, and Wallace families. The bulk of the correspondence is to or from the Dillard or Larkin families. Contents are arranged into folders by author, though folders will occasionally contain both incoming and outgoing correspondence. If a folder contains incoming correspondence, it is addressed to the name in the title of the folder.","Series II: Financial Documents, 1816-1920, 1943-1955, contains one subseries titled \"Ledgers.\" This subseries contains bound record, account, or estate books belonging to the Dillard and Larkin families. The rest of the series contains financial documents such as bills and receipts organized by the individual to whom they belonged.","Series III: Personal Papers, 1819, 1840-1902, is organized by type of document.","The photographs folder contains all photographs within the collection.","The speeches folder contains all written speeches or speech excerpts within the collection.","The guide to the Dillard-Larkin Family Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Dillard-Larkin Family Papers was completed in March 2022.","This collection contains correspondence to and from the Dillard, Larkin, Turner, Christian, and Wallace families. The collection also includes financial documents and records, speeches, photographs, and personal papers from the Dillard and Larkin families. Materials range from approximately 1811-1955.","Series I: Correspondence, 1809-1930, contains personal correspondence between members of the Dillard, Larkin, Christian, Turner, and Wallace families. The bulk of the correspondence is to or from the Dillard or Larkin families. Some of the correspondence is related to legal proceedings or court cases, as a number of Dillard family members worked as attorneys or lawyers.","Series II: Financial Documents, 1816-1920, 1943-1955, contains one subseries titled \"Ledgers.\" This subseries contains bound record, account, or estate books belonging to the Dillard and Larkin families. The rest of the series contains financial documents such as bills and receipts from the families of the collection.","Series III: Personal Papers, 1819, 1840-1902 includes school reports, calling cards, Larkin ephemera, Dillard court case papers, Dillard notes on the practice of medicine, and a scrapbook.","The folder titled \"Photographs,\" which does not have a series, contains pictures taken in the 1920s. The photographs include people related to the Larkin family and various Larkin properties.","The folder titled \"Speeches,\" which does not have a series, contains manuscript copies of speeches or excerpts of speeches, including a speech given by Terisha Washington Dillard.","This collection is largely in the public domain due to its age. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply to more recent materials. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\nhttp://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This collection contains correspondence to and from the Dillard, Larkin, Turner, Christian, and Wallace families. The collection also includes financial documents and records, speeches, photographs, and personal papers from the Dillard and Larkin families. Materials range from approximately 1811 through 1955.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Dillard family","Larkin family","Dillard, James Spotswood, 1791-1866","Dillard, Terisha Washington, 1817-1863","The materials in this collection are in English."],"collection_title_tesim":["Dillard-Larkin Family Papers, 1809/1955"],"collection_ssim":["Dillard-Larkin Family Papers, 1809/1955"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2021.045"],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2021.045"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Dillard, James Spotswood, 1791-1866","Dillard, Terisha Washington, 1817-1863","Dillard family","Larkin family"],"creator_ssim":["Dillard, James Spotswood, 1791-1866","Dillard, Terisha Washington, 1817-1863","Dillard family","Larkin family"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Dillard, James Spotswood, 1791-1866","Dillard, Terisha Washington, 1817-1863"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Dillard family","Larkin family"],"creators_ssim":["Dillard, James Spotswood, 1791-1866","Dillard, Terisha Washington, 1817-1863","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Dillard family","Larkin family"],"access_terms_ssm":["This collection is largely in the public domain due to its age. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply to more recent materials. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\nhttp://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Dillard-Larkin Family Papers were purchased in multiple accessions in 2020 and 2021."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Virginia -- History"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Virginia -- History"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.9 Cubic Feet 3 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["1.9 Cubic Feet 3 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Dillard-Larkin Family Papers collection is arranged in 3 series, correspondence, financial, and personal papers. The collection also contains photographs and speeches that are not assigned a series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries I: Correspondence, 1809-1930, contains personal correspondence between members of the Dillard, Larkin, Christian, Turner, and Wallace families. The bulk of the correspondence is to or from the Dillard or Larkin families. Contents are arranged into folders by author, though folders will occasionally contain both incoming and outgoing correspondence. If a folder contains incoming correspondence, it is addressed to the name in the title of the folder. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries II: Financial Documents, 1816-1920, 1943-1955, contains one subseries titled \"Ledgers.\" This subseries contains bound record, account, or estate books belonging to the Dillard and Larkin families. The rest of the series contains financial documents such as bills and receipts organized by the individual to whom they belonged. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries III: Personal Papers, 1819, 1840-1902, is organized by type of document. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe photographs folder contains all photographs within the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe speeches folder contains all written speeches or speech excerpts within the collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Dillard-Larkin Family Papers collection is arranged in 3 series, correspondence, financial, and personal papers. The collection also contains photographs and speeches that are not assigned a series.","Series I: Correspondence, 1809-1930, contains personal correspondence between members of the Dillard, Larkin, Christian, Turner, and Wallace families. The bulk of the correspondence is to or from the Dillard or Larkin families. Contents are arranged into folders by author, though folders will occasionally contain both incoming and outgoing correspondence. If a folder contains incoming correspondence, it is addressed to the name in the title of the folder.","Series II: Financial Documents, 1816-1920, 1943-1955, contains one subseries titled \"Ledgers.\" This subseries contains bound record, account, or estate books belonging to the Dillard and Larkin families. The rest of the series contains financial documents such as bills and receipts organized by the individual to whom they belonged.","Series III: Personal Papers, 1819, 1840-1902, is organized by type of document.","The photographs folder contains all photographs within the collection.","The speeches folder contains all written speeches or speech excerpts within the collection."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Dillard-Larkin Family Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003cextref href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/extref\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Dillard-Larkin Family Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Dillard-Larkin Family Papers, Ms2021-045, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Dillard-Larkin Family Papers, Ms2021-045, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Dillard-Larkin Family Papers was completed in March 2022.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Dillard-Larkin Family Papers was completed in March 2022."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains correspondence to and from the Dillard, Larkin, Turner, Christian, and Wallace families. The collection also includes financial documents and records, speeches, photographs, and personal papers from the Dillard and Larkin families. Materials range from approximately 1811-1955.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries I: Correspondence, 1809-1930, contains personal correspondence between members of the Dillard, Larkin, Christian, Turner, and Wallace families. The bulk of the correspondence is to or from the Dillard or Larkin families. Some of the correspondence is related to legal proceedings or court cases, as a number of Dillard family members worked as attorneys or lawyers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries II: Financial Documents, 1816-1920, 1943-1955, contains one subseries titled \"Ledgers.\" This subseries contains bound record, account, or estate books belonging to the Dillard and Larkin families. The rest of the series contains financial documents such as bills and receipts from the families of the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries III: Personal Papers, 1819, 1840-1902 includes school reports, calling cards, Larkin ephemera, Dillard court case papers, Dillard notes on the practice of medicine, and a scrapbook.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe folder titled \"Photographs,\" which does not have a series, contains pictures taken in the 1920s. The photographs include people related to the Larkin family and various Larkin properties.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe folder titled \"Speeches,\" which does not have a series, contains manuscript copies of speeches or excerpts of speeches, including a speech given by Terisha Washington Dillard. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains correspondence to and from the Dillard, Larkin, Turner, Christian, and Wallace families. The collection also includes financial documents and records, speeches, photographs, and personal papers from the Dillard and Larkin families. Materials range from approximately 1811-1955.","Series I: Correspondence, 1809-1930, contains personal correspondence between members of the Dillard, Larkin, Christian, Turner, and Wallace families. The bulk of the correspondence is to or from the Dillard or Larkin families. Some of the correspondence is related to legal proceedings or court cases, as a number of Dillard family members worked as attorneys or lawyers.","Series II: Financial Documents, 1816-1920, 1943-1955, contains one subseries titled \"Ledgers.\" This subseries contains bound record, account, or estate books belonging to the Dillard and Larkin families. The rest of the series contains financial documents such as bills and receipts from the families of the collection.","Series III: Personal Papers, 1819, 1840-1902 includes school reports, calling cards, Larkin ephemera, Dillard court case papers, Dillard notes on the practice of medicine, and a scrapbook.","The folder titled \"Photographs,\" which does not have a series, contains pictures taken in the 1920s. The photographs include people related to the Larkin family and various Larkin properties.","The folder titled \"Speeches,\" which does not have a series, contains manuscript copies of speeches or excerpts of speeches, including a speech given by Terisha Washington Dillard."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is largely in the public domain due to its age. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply to more recent materials. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n\u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["This collection is largely in the public domain due to its age. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply to more recent materials. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\nhttp://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_dfab9957c51b421b51b801b191656a2e\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection contains correspondence to and from the Dillard, Larkin, Turner, Christian, and Wallace families. The collection also includes financial documents and records, speeches, photographs, and personal papers from the Dillard and Larkin families. Materials range from approximately 1811 through 1955.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains correspondence to and from the Dillard, Larkin, Turner, Christian, and Wallace families. The collection also includes financial documents and records, speeches, photographs, and personal papers from the Dillard and Larkin families. Materials range from approximately 1811 through 1955."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"famname_ssim":["Dillard family","Larkin family"],"names_coll_ssim":["Dillard family","Larkin family"],"persname_ssim":["Dillard, James Spotswood, 1791-1866","Dillard, Terisha Washington, 1817-1863"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Dillard family","Larkin family","Dillard, James Spotswood, 1791-1866","Dillard, Terisha Washington, 1817-1863"],"language_ssim":["The materials in this collection are in English."],"total_component_count_is":55,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:31:53.578Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3580_c03"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1675_c03","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Series III: Personal Papers, Files, and Realia, 1824/2003","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1675_c03#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eSeries III of the William Faulkner Collection contains the personal papers, files, belongings, and related realia of William Faulkner. Materials in the collection range in date from 1824 to 2003 and are divided into eight subseries: William Faulkner's working papers related to his literary works, drawings made by Faulkner, his childhood ephemera and student records, military and flight records, family papers, honors and awards, belongings and related realia, and reminiscences or accounts of William Faulkner. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1675_c03#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1675_c03","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_3_resources_1675_c03"],"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1675_c03","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1675","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1675","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1675","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1675","parent_ssim":["William Faulkner Collection, 1824/2006"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_3_resources_1675"],"title_filing_ssi":"Series III: Personal Papers, Files, and Realia","title_ssm":["Series III: Personal Papers, Files, and Realia"],"title_tesim":["Series III: Personal Papers, Files, and Realia"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Series III: Personal Papers, Files, and Realia, 1824/2003"],"text":["Series III: Personal Papers, Files, and Realia, 1824/2003","William Faulkner Collection, 1824/2006","Material pertaining to individual student records is restricted in accordance with the Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA). Please contact the Archives with specific questions regarding access to such records.","This material contains offensive and harmful language and imagery, including references to outdated terminology for Black individuals, references or imagery involving racism, and references or imagery involving sexual assault, domestic violence, or crimes based on gender or sexual orientation.","Series III of the William Faulkner Collection contains the personal papers, files, belongings, and related realia of William Faulkner. Materials in the collection range in date from 1824 to 2003 and are divided into eight subseries: William Faulkner's working papers related to his literary works, drawings made by Faulkner, his childhood ephemera and student records, military and flight records, family papers, honors and awards, belongings and related realia, and reminiscences or accounts of William Faulkner.","Many of William Faulkner's student and family records differ in the spelling of his last name due to changes made over time by family members and by Faulkner himself. For this reason, Faulkner's student and childhood records will often refer to him as \"William Falkner.\" William Faulkner's family papers are also listed as \"Faulkner/Falkner Family Papers\" for this reason.","Photocopies of correspondence between Andrew Brown and T.F. Hickerson regarding \"William Faulkner: Man of Legends\" came from original copies housed at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and are not to be quoted in print without their permission."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["William Faulkner Collection, 1824/2006"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["William Faulkner Collection, 1824/2006"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1824/2003"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1824-2003"],"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":1185,"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["William Faulkner Collection, 1824/2006"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":8,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open for research use with the following exceptions: Material pertaining to individual student records may be restricted in accordance with the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA). Please contact the Archives with specific questions regarding access to such records."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Photocopies of correspondence between Andrew Brown and T.F. Hickerson regarding \"William Faulkner: Man of Legends\" came from original copies housed at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and are not to be quoted in print without their permission."],"date_range_isim":[1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterial pertaining to individual student records is restricted in accordance with the Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA). Please contact the Archives with specific questions regarding access to such records.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Material pertaining to individual student records is restricted in accordance with the Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA). Please contact the Archives with specific questions regarding access to such records."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis material contains offensive and harmful language and imagery, including references to outdated terminology for Black individuals, references or imagery involving racism, and references or imagery involving sexual assault, domestic violence, or crimes based on gender or sexual orientation.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Content Warning"],"odd_tesim":["This material contains offensive and harmful language and imagery, including references to outdated terminology for Black individuals, references or imagery involving racism, and references or imagery involving sexual assault, domestic violence, or crimes based on gender or sexual orientation."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries III of the William Faulkner Collection contains the personal papers, files, belongings, and related realia of William Faulkner. Materials in the collection range in date from 1824 to 2003 and are divided into eight subseries: William Faulkner's working papers related to his literary works, drawings made by Faulkner, his childhood ephemera and student records, military and flight records, family papers, honors and awards, belongings and related realia, and reminiscences or accounts of William Faulkner.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMany of William Faulkner's student and family records differ in the spelling of his last name due to changes made over time by family members and by Faulkner himself. For this reason, Faulkner's student and childhood records will often refer to him as \"William Falkner.\" William Faulkner's family papers are also listed as \"Faulkner/Falkner Family Papers\" for this reason.  \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Series III of the William Faulkner Collection contains the personal papers, files, belongings, and related realia of William Faulkner. Materials in the collection range in date from 1824 to 2003 and are divided into eight subseries: William Faulkner's working papers related to his literary works, drawings made by Faulkner, his childhood ephemera and student records, military and flight records, family papers, honors and awards, belongings and related realia, and reminiscences or accounts of William Faulkner.","Many of William Faulkner's student and family records differ in the spelling of his last name due to changes made over time by family members and by Faulkner himself. For this reason, Faulkner's student and childhood records will often refer to him as \"William Falkner.\" William Faulkner's family papers are also listed as \"Faulkner/Falkner Family Papers\" for this reason."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePhotocopies of correspondence between Andrew Brown and T.F. Hickerson regarding \"William Faulkner: Man of Legends\" came from original copies housed at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and are not to be quoted in print without their permission.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Photocopies of correspondence between Andrew Brown and T.F. Hickerson regarding \"William Faulkner: Man of Legends\" came from original copies housed at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and are not to be quoted in print without their permission."],"_nest_path_":"/components#2","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:53:44.527Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1675","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1675","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1675","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1675","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1675.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/196837","title_filing_ssi":"Faulkner, William, Collection","title_ssm":["William Faulkner Collection"],"title_tesim":["William Faulkner Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1824-2006"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1824-2006"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1824/2006"],"normalized_title_ssm":["William Faulkner Collection, 1824/2006"],"text":["William Faulkner Collection, 1824/2006","MSS 16807","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1675","Faulkner, William, 1897-1962","American literature--Southern States","American fiction--20th Century","This collection is open for research use with the following exceptions: Material pertaining to individual student records may be restricted in accordance with the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA). Please contact the Archives with specific questions regarding access to such records.","The William Faulkner Collection, MSS 16807, also known as \"The William Faulkner Papers,\" centers on the life and work of William Faulkner, a renowned American author and a foundational voice in Southern Gothic Literature.  William Faulkner was born on September 15, 1897, in New Albany, Mississippi, to Murry Falkner and Maud Butler Falkner. Faulkner was primarily raised in Oxford, Mississippi. He left high school shortly after the eleventh grade in 1915 to work at his grandfather's bank. William Faulkner would go on to briefly join the Canadian Royal Air Force from 1918-1919 before coming back to Oxford, Mississippi and holding various jobs throughout Mississippi and New York until he published his first book, Soldier's Pay, in 1926. He married Lida Estelle Oldham in 1929, and together they had one daughter to survive past infancy, Jill Faulkner, in 1933. Faulkner grew in popularity as an author after the publication of The Sound and the Fury in 1929. Though a Mississippi native, William Faulkner moved to Charlottesville, VA, in 1957 to be closer to Jill, her husband, Paul Summers, and their children. It was during this time that Faulkner began work as the University of Virginia's first ever writer-in-residence. Faulkner continued to teach at the University of Virginia in several different positions until his death on July 6, 1962.","Source: Materials within the collection.","This material may contain offensive or harmful language or imagery. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.","This collection was reprocessed during 2024-2026 by archivists Elizabeth Nosari and Kaylin Preslar. The collection was originally described in 180 different catalog records and housed in non-consecutive boxes.\nArchivists worked to bring these disparate parts together to create a single William Faulkner Collection (MSS 16807) and finding aid to improve access and discoverability.","The William Faulkner collection has historically been represented by numerous different manuscript numbers (collection identifiers). MSS 16807 is a new manuscript number which serves to identify the collection as a whole. Original manuscript numbers have been retained in this guide and are noted in the title of each item.","In this example, the original manuscript number is 6074, and \"Series IA, Item 9b\" refers to the item's original location within MSS 6074, prior to reprocessing.","Absalom, Absalom! - Typescript (17 Leaves) - 6074, Series IA, Item 9b, 1936","This collection contains some in-copyright material. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials.","Permissions and Publishing Page:\nhttps://www.library.virginia.edu/special-collections/services/publishing","Please note that W.W. Norton holds copyright to all of Faulkner's published works.","If you would like to publish images in print or online of original manuscript materials from our collection that pertain to these published works, including holograph drafts and typescripts, please contact: \nPenguin Random House LLC\nRandom House Publishing Group\n1745 Broadway\nNew York, NY 10019\nAttention: Permissions Department\nPhone: 212-782-9000","For permission to quote from or publish images in print or online of any of Faulkner's unpublished works or correspondence, please contact:\nW.W. Norton \u0026 Company, Inc.\nAttention: Permissions Department\n500 5th Avenue\nNew York, NY 10110\nPhone: 212-354-5500\nEmail: permissions@wwnorton.com","For permission to use copyrighted Faulkner materials in any way than listed above, please contact:\nFaulkner Literary Rights, LLC\nP.O. Box 1408\nCharlottesville, VA 22902\nPhone: 434-296-2156","Photocopies of correspondence between Andrew Brown and T.F. Hickerson regarding \"William Faulkner: Man of Legends\" came from original copies housed at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and are not to be quoted in print without their permission.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Faulkner, William, 1897-1962","Materials primarily in English, with some publications in French and German."],"collection_title_tesim":["William Faulkner Collection, 1824/2006"],"collection_ssim":["William Faulkner Collection, 1824/2006"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16807","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1675"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16807","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1675"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Faulkner, William, 1897-1962"],"creator_ssim":["Faulkner, William, 1897-1962"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Faulkner, William, 1897-1962"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creators_ssim":["Faulkner, William, 1897-1962","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"access_terms_ssm":["This collection contains some in-copyright material. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials.","Permissions and Publishing Page:\nhttps://www.library.virginia.edu/special-collections/services/publishing","Please note that W.W. Norton holds copyright to all of Faulkner's published works.","If you would like to publish images in print or online of original manuscript materials from our collection that pertain to these published works, including holograph drafts and typescripts, please contact: \nPenguin Random House LLC\nRandom House Publishing Group\n1745 Broadway\nNew York, NY 10019\nAttention: Permissions Department\nPhone: 212-782-9000","For permission to quote from or publish images in print or online of any of Faulkner's unpublished works or correspondence, please contact:\nW.W. Norton \u0026 Company, Inc.\nAttention: Permissions Department\n500 5th Avenue\nNew York, NY 10110\nPhone: 212-354-5500\nEmail: permissions@wwnorton.com","For permission to use copyrighted Faulkner materials in any way than listed above, please contact:\nFaulkner Literary Rights, LLC\nP.O. Box 1408\nCharlottesville, VA 22902\nPhone: 434-296-2156","Photocopies of correspondence between Andrew Brown and T.F. Hickerson regarding \"William Faulkner: Man of Legends\" came from original copies housed at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and are not to be quoted in print without their permission."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Faulkner, William, 1897-1962","American literature--Southern States","American fiction--20th Century"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Faulkner, William, 1897-1962","American literature--Southern States","American fiction--20th Century"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["150 Cubic Feet"],"extent_tesim":["150 Cubic Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["American literature--Southern States","American fiction--20th Century"],"date_range_isim":[1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research use with the following exceptions: Material pertaining to individual student records may be restricted in accordance with the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA). Please contact the Archives with specific questions regarding access to such records.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research use with the following exceptions: Material pertaining to individual student records may be restricted in accordance with the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA). Please contact the Archives with specific questions regarding access to such records."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe William Faulkner Collection, MSS 16807, also known as \"The William Faulkner Papers,\" centers on the life and work of William Faulkner, a renowned American author and a foundational voice in Southern Gothic Literature.  William Faulkner was born on September 15, 1897, in New Albany, Mississippi, to Murry Falkner and Maud Butler Falkner. Faulkner was primarily raised in Oxford, Mississippi. He left high school shortly after the eleventh grade in 1915 to work at his grandfather's bank. William Faulkner would go on to briefly join the Canadian Royal Air Force from 1918-1919 before coming back to Oxford, Mississippi and holding various jobs throughout Mississippi and New York until he published his first book, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003e\u003ctitle\u003eSoldier's Pay\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/emph\u003e, in 1926. He married Lida Estelle Oldham in 1929, and together they had one daughter to survive past infancy, Jill Faulkner, in 1933. Faulkner grew in popularity as an author after the publication of \u003ctitle\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Sound and the Fury\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/title\u003e in 1929. Though a Mississippi native, William Faulkner moved to Charlottesville, VA, in 1957 to be closer to Jill, her husband, Paul Summers, and their children. It was during this time that Faulkner began work as the University of Virginia's first ever writer-in-residence. Faulkner continued to teach at the University of Virginia in several different positions until his death on July 6, 1962.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSource: Materials within the collection.   \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The William Faulkner Collection, MSS 16807, also known as \"The William Faulkner Papers,\" centers on the life and work of William Faulkner, a renowned American author and a foundational voice in Southern Gothic Literature.  William Faulkner was born on September 15, 1897, in New Albany, Mississippi, to Murry Falkner and Maud Butler Falkner. Faulkner was primarily raised in Oxford, Mississippi. He left high school shortly after the eleventh grade in 1915 to work at his grandfather's bank. William Faulkner would go on to briefly join the Canadian Royal Air Force from 1918-1919 before coming back to Oxford, Mississippi and holding various jobs throughout Mississippi and New York until he published his first book, Soldier's Pay, in 1926. He married Lida Estelle Oldham in 1929, and together they had one daughter to survive past infancy, Jill Faulkner, in 1933. Faulkner grew in popularity as an author after the publication of The Sound and the Fury in 1929. Though a Mississippi native, William Faulkner moved to Charlottesville, VA, in 1957 to be closer to Jill, her husband, Paul Summers, and their children. It was during this time that Faulkner began work as the University of Virginia's first ever writer-in-residence. Faulkner continued to teach at the University of Virginia in several different positions until his death on July 6, 1962.","Source: Materials within the collection."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis material may contain offensive or harmful language or imagery. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Content Warning"],"odd_tesim":["This material may contain offensive or harmful language or imagery. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16807 William Faulkner collection, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16807 William Faulkner collection, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection was reprocessed during 2024-2026 by archivists Elizabeth Nosari and Kaylin Preslar. The collection was originally described in 180 different catalog records and housed in non-consecutive boxes.\nArchivists worked to bring these disparate parts together to create a single William Faulkner Collection (MSS 16807) and finding aid to improve access and discoverability.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe William Faulkner collection has historically been represented by numerous different manuscript numbers (collection identifiers). MSS 16807 is a new manuscript number which serves to identify the collection as a whole. Original manuscript numbers have been retained in this guide and are noted in the title of each item.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this example, the original manuscript number is 6074, and \"Series IA, Item 9b\" refers to the item's original location within MSS 6074, prior to reprocessing.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAbsalom, Absalom! - Typescript (17 Leaves) - 6074, Series IA, Item 9b, 1936\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["This collection was reprocessed during 2024-2026 by archivists Elizabeth Nosari and Kaylin Preslar. The collection was originally described in 180 different catalog records and housed in non-consecutive boxes.\nArchivists worked to bring these disparate parts together to create a single William Faulkner Collection (MSS 16807) and finding aid to improve access and discoverability.","The William Faulkner collection has historically been represented by numerous different manuscript numbers (collection identifiers). MSS 16807 is a new manuscript number which serves to identify the collection as a whole. Original manuscript numbers have been retained in this guide and are noted in the title of each item.","In this example, the original manuscript number is 6074, and \"Series IA, Item 9b\" refers to the item's original location within MSS 6074, prior to reprocessing.","Absalom, Absalom! - Typescript (17 Leaves) - 6074, Series IA, Item 9b, 1936"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains some in-copyright material. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePermissions and Publishing Page:\nhttps://www.library.virginia.edu/special-collections/services/publishing\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePlease note that W.W. Norton holds copyright to all of Faulkner's published works.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIf you would like to publish images in print or online of original manuscript materials from our collection that pertain to these published works, including holograph drafts and typescripts, please contact: \nPenguin Random House LLC\nRandom House Publishing Group\n1745 Broadway\nNew York, NY 10019\nAttention: Permissions Department\nPhone: 212-782-9000\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor permission to quote from or publish images in print or online of any of Faulkner's unpublished works or correspondence, please contact:\nW.W. Norton \u0026amp; Company, Inc.\nAttention: Permissions Department\n500 5th Avenue\nNew York, NY 10110\nPhone: 212-354-5500\nEmail: permissions@wwnorton.com\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor permission to use copyrighted Faulkner materials in any way than listed above, please contact:\nFaulkner Literary Rights, LLC\nP.O. Box 1408\nCharlottesville, VA 22902\nPhone: 434-296-2156\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotocopies of correspondence between Andrew Brown and T.F. Hickerson regarding \"William Faulkner: Man of Legends\" came from original copies housed at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and are not to be quoted in print without their permission. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["This collection contains some in-copyright material. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials.","Permissions and Publishing Page:\nhttps://www.library.virginia.edu/special-collections/services/publishing","Please note that W.W. Norton holds copyright to all of Faulkner's published works.","If you would like to publish images in print or online of original manuscript materials from our collection that pertain to these published works, including holograph drafts and typescripts, please contact: \nPenguin Random House LLC\nRandom House Publishing Group\n1745 Broadway\nNew York, NY 10019\nAttention: Permissions Department\nPhone: 212-782-9000","For permission to quote from or publish images in print or online of any of Faulkner's unpublished works or correspondence, please contact:\nW.W. Norton \u0026 Company, Inc.\nAttention: Permissions Department\n500 5th Avenue\nNew York, NY 10110\nPhone: 212-354-5500\nEmail: permissions@wwnorton.com","For permission to use copyrighted Faulkner materials in any way than listed above, please contact:\nFaulkner Literary Rights, LLC\nP.O. Box 1408\nCharlottesville, VA 22902\nPhone: 434-296-2156","Photocopies of correspondence between Andrew Brown and T.F. 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