{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1866\u0026facet.page=2\u0026page=50","prev":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1866\u0026facet.page=2\u0026page=49","next":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1866\u0026facet.page=2\u0026page=51","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1866\u0026facet.page=2\u0026page=1319"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":50,"next_page":51,"prev_page":49,"total_pages":1319,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":490,"total_count":13189,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002), 1794/2007","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Alexandria Library Company","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of circulation, subscription, and financial ledgers, annual lecture series documents, catalogues, correspondence, and various organizational documents. Topics include: foundation of the Alexandria Library Company, its cycles of growth and decline reflecting the local economy; the formation of the local public library system; and the on-going activities of the Alexandria Library Company, most notably its lecture series.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ALEX/repositories_2_resources_128.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://alexlibraryva.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/128","title_ssm":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002)"],"title_tesim":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1794-2007"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1794-2007"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1794/2007"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002), 1794/2007"],"text":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002), 1794/2007","MS002","/repositories/2/resources/128","Libraries -- Subscription Libraries","Lectures and Lecturing","Associations, institutions, etc","Public libraries.","In the 1780s, a discussion group of Alexandria gentlemen called \"The Society for the Promotion of Useful Knowledge\" was formed. In 1794, many of these same individuals gathered to form the nucleus of the Alexandria Library Company (ALC). The ALC was a subscription library modelled after the Philadelphia Library Company, which had also emerged from such a club.","Society president Reverend John Muir became president of the ALC, a position he would hold for almost 20 years. Many of the library's founders are known to have been members of local Masonic lodges. Elisha Cullen Dick, who had succeeded George Washington as the leader of Lodge 22, was among the first directors of the ALC as well as the secretary of the earlier Society. The first Librarian was Edward Stabler, the proprietor of an apothecary shop. In 1796, Stabler was replaced by James Kennedy, who served as librarian until 1818. Overlaps and family links between the leadership of the library and other Alexandria institutions remained common over the next century and a half.","For a time, the Alexandria Lyceum (founded in 1838) and the ALC shared a physical space as well as similar missions. The Alexandria Lyceum was founded as part of a national movement focused on educational lectures. The union between the two organizations was dissolved in 1844, but the library continued to rent space from the Lyceum. The library was later said to have been in a state of \"suspended animation\" from around 1846 to 1852. In 1852, a \"Young Men's\" group took over under the original charter, publishing a new catalog in 1856. The library continued to operate into the Civil War. It remained in the Lyceum but not without acrimony, which is evident in the Alexandria Gazette in 1860.","In October 1867, an agreement was reached with what was variously referred to as the Alexandria Christian Association and the YMCA for assistance with running the library. The library separated from this organization during the early 1870s. By the second half of the 1870s, the library fell into a decline which the directors blamed on the lack of a published catalog.","The first library catalog had been prepared by Kennedy in 1796 and published sometime thereafter. The earliest catalog of which there is an extant copy was published in 1801, followed by another in 1808 of which there are few traces. A more enduring catalog was created in 1815. The 1830s saw publication of a supplement to the 1815 catalog and the creation of a working catalog that would be used into the late 1840s. Normal circulation records end in April 1861 when the library was converted into a military hospital. There are stray entries in May and December before operations resumed on a limited basis in May 1862 and continued at least through that year. Over a thousand volumes were lost during the war. Due to the decline in usage in the 1870s, a new catalog was produced by librarian Emma J. Young in 1872 but never published. After two years with Young's catalog, another was commissioned from Dr. Theo West, which also went unpublished. As a stopgap, handwritten copies were used by patrons. In 1898, a new catalog was created which utilized a decimal system for the first time. The last published catalog was a supplement to the 1912 version.","In the late 1870s, appeals were made to the men of Alexandria for support,. The directors met with another \"Young Men's Library Association\" in 1878 without success, records of operations stop after January 1880.","The Gazette reported in January 1881 that the books were now in the custody of the school board, whose membership included William F. Carne, a former library company director and the son of one its former presidents. In May 1887 it reported that Carne, as leader of the board's library committee, was inviting associations wishing to participate in re-opening the library to a meeting at the Peabody school building where the books were held, and explained that he had always intended a reading room to be opened to the public once space was freed up for that purpose.","In June 1887, the Gazette reported that the \"Reading Circle of Washington and Lee Schools\" organized by teachers two years prior and the YMCA would operate the free library during the summer, in the hope that in September \"an effort will be made, with a very fair prospect of success, to re-organize the Library Company.\" Gazette reports in 1890 and 1891 refer to continued efforts by Carne and others to \"re-open\" the library, and in 1892 being part of a \"committee on the project for a free public library,\" but they did not succeed.","In the decades after 1870s librarianship not only professionalized but underwent a rapid gender shift, and apart from the periods in which there was no librarian for financial reasons, no male librarians seem to have been employed until well into the 20th century. Women's library organizations had become common nationally, and along with the philanthropy of Andrew Carnegie played a major role in the growth of public libraries in America starting in the late 19th century.","In September 1897, the Alexandria Library Association led by Virginia Corse received custody of the books then in possession of the school board. With a modest donation from Carnegie, by 1898 the library was back in business, but as a subscription library, it would not become a free public library for almost 40 years. The new library needed a new librarian, and after one or two initial hires, the association found Alice Green (1865-1956), who would serve from 1902-1937 and in a lesser capacity into the mid-1940s. During this period, space for the library was rented from the United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC).","The Depression brought financial hardship. As the crisis worsened in early 1931, the association had obtained $1,000 from the city council to form \"a nucleus for the establishment of a public library.\" Discussion of becoming a public library had been common since the 1920s, as the efforts of Carnegie and others had made them the norm nationally. Attempts were made to sell older books and hold fundraisers as subscription fees dried up. There was also a dispute with the UDC over a rent increase in 1933. The library was aided by the wealth of its members, including a $5,000 bequest in 1935 from its long-time treasurer, Margaret L. Smoot.","Members built political support both on the council and among the public in the mid-1930s and in 1937 it was agreed that a building would be constructed on the site of the old cemetery of the Society of Friends and that the city government would cover annual expenses of no more than $5,000 for the association to operate a free library. One member of the board would be appointed by the city. The new governing organization was rebranded the Alexandria Library Society.  Agreements were signed in January, and the library opened at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch's current location, 717 Queen Street.","Another change after 1937 was the gender composition of the leadership. Men served on the board of the new Society and played prominent roles after 1937. After 1948 they typically occupied the presidency of the organization. Most elections were unanimous, often with women casting most of the votes, but it ceased to be a women's organization.","In 1945 a technicality in the Society's contract with the city was brought to the attention of the board. Namely that the $5,000 the city was obligated to provide each year was not the minimum but rather the maximum contribution, and that the higher appropriations it had been making were illegal. The city took this as an opportunity to demand a contract change beyond the funding formula. Although the men of the city council had representation on the board, the women of the Society were still ultimately running the library, and the Society was asked to allow a majority of the executive board to be appointed by the city, and a minority by the Society. That the city legally \"owned the building and all its contents\" so long as it paid $5,000 per year was also pointed out. The Alexandria Library Society signed the new contract, surrendering control of the library in November 1947. In its reduced role, the Society still elected members to the board and received reports from the librarian. It also retained independent funds that could be used for the benefit of the library. With the library now fully the city's responsibility, the membership was also able to more openly advocate for additional funding.","Another longstanding issue at the library was race. The president's 1928 annual report had endorsed becoming a \"free city library,\" but feared that becoming a Carnegie library \"would bring in some elements hitherto unknown and I think undesirable in our Library.\" In the 1930s the library association favored providing segregated facilities, but, after repeated meetings with the city council, failed to achieve even that modest goal. In the 13 March, 1939, minutes, the issue was revisited yet again, but without result.","Four days later on 17 March 1939, Sergeant George Wilson was turned down for a library card because of his race and Samuel Tucker filed a civil rights lawsuit against the librarian on his behalf. Plans for a segregated facility were dusted off, and new staff was hired so that the librarian could focus on the controversy. On 21 August 1939, several black men organized by Tucker entered the library and followed Wilson's example, but after being refused, seated themselves in the library with books, beginning America's first library sit-in. It ended only after the city manager called the police, and all were arrested. The lawsuit was dismissed on technical grounds, but to prevent a new lawsuit the city approved the Robert H. Robinson branch, which opened in 1940. Tucker refused to accept a card there.","A major issue in the early 1950s was the push to expand the overcrowded main library serving the white community. The white librarian at the time, who had been hired in a junior capacity during Tucker's campaign in 1939, suggested to the Society that the expansion could be an opportunity to integrate. In the midst of the debates over expansion and additional funding, an opportunity emerged to purchase a neighboring building on the corner of North Columbus and Queen, which was later demolished. This prompted a discussion about the Alexandria Library Society's connection to the original library company. It was decided to change the name from the \"Alexandria Library Society\" to the \"Alexandria Library Company,\" make the appropriate filings with the state government, and reinstate the 1799 charter, which would be revised by the legislature in the 1980s to help obtain tax-exempt status from the IRS.","This name change was completed at one of the company's most consequential meetings in February 1956. Every member was asked to sign their name in the minute book to signal their assent. A letter from a local civil rights activist questioning the legality of library segregation was also read, but deemed the province of the library board, which referred the matter back to the company whose reply is not preserved.","Member Mangum Weeks thereupon raised the question of the future role of the Library Company, and proposed resuming the tradition of annual lectures dating from the Lyceum period using funds from the newly instituted membership dues. This proposal was adopted, and preparing the annual lectures soon became a major focus of the Company. The Library Company continues to appoint members to the board of the Alexandria Library and hold its annual lecture series. It commissioned a new history of the library by William Seale in 2007, which can be found at the Local History and Special Collections Branch.","Chronological listings for both presidents of the board and librarians up to the modern day.","Presidents of the Library Company and Its Successors\n      \n        February 1794-February 1813\n        Rev. James Muir\n      \n      \n        February 1813-February 1815\n        Hugh Smith\n      \n      \n        February 1815-March 1824\n        John Roberts\n      \n      \n        March 1824-February 1829\n        Hugh Smith\n      \n      \n        February 1829-February 1835\n        John Richards\n      \n      \n        February 1835-February 1840\n        John Roberts\n      \n      \n        February 1840-1852\n        Elias Harrison\n      \n      \n        1852-February 1855\n        J. Louis Kinzer\n      \n      \n        February 1855-September 1858\n        Francis Miller\n      \n      \n        September 1858- February 1859\n        Richard L. Carne\n      \n      \n        February 1859-September 1859\n        Caleb S. Hallowell\n      \n      \n        September 1859-February 1860\n        William G. Cazenove\n      \n      \n        February 1860-February 1870\n        Richard L. Carne\n      \n      \n        February 1870-February 1873\n        K. Kemper\n      \n      \n        February 1873-October 1873\n        Samuel H. Janney\n      \n      \n        October 1873-February 1874\n        Sidney C. Neale\n      \n      \n        February 1874-June 1879\n        Mercer Slaughter\n      \n      \n        September 1897-October 1905\n        Virginia Corse\n      \n      \n        July 1906-June 1925\n        Mrs. Samuel. L. Monroe\n      \n      \n        October 1925-April 1930\n        Loula Smoot\n      \n      \n        April 1930-November 1933\n        Mrs. Henry B. Soule, [Jessie E. Soule]\n      \n      \n        December 1933-December 1934\n        Mary Lloyd\n      \n      \n        December 1934-December 1936\n        Susan Thomson\n      \n      \n        December 1936-November 1937\n        Mrs. Louis Scott\n      \n      \n        November 1937-November 1944\n        Mrs. Curtis Backus\n      \n      \n        November 1944-November 1946\n        Mrs. [Lawrence] Fawcett, [Mary Fawcett]\n      \n      \n        November 1946-November 1947\n        Howard Worth Smith\n      \n      \n        November 1947-October 1948\n        [Miss Anne] Lewis Jones\n      \n      \n        October 1948-October 1949\n        Miss Horne\n      \n      \n        October 1949-October 1950\n        Mr. Stanley King\n      \n      \n        October 1950-December 1951\n        Mr. [Joseph] Crockett\n      \n      \n        December 1951-February 1955\n        Mr. Robert Moncure\n      \n      \n        February 1955-February 1957\n        Dr. [W. Bruce] Silcox\n      \n      \n        February 1957-February 1959\n        Stanley King\n      \n      \n        February 1959-February 1962\n        Mangum Weeks\n      \n      \n        February 1962-February 1963\n        Richard Bales\n      \n      \n        February 1963-February 1965\n        Donald King\n      \n      \n        February 1965-February 1967\n        David Squires\n      \n      \n        February 1967-February 1969\n        Howard Worth Smith Jr.\n      \n      \n        February 1969-February 1971\n        William Francis Smith\n      \n      \n        February 1971-February 1972\n        John T. Ticer\n      \n      \n        February 1972-February 1974\n        David M. Abshire\n      \n      \n        February 1974-February 1976\n        Mrs. Merill Beede\n      \n      \n        February 1976-February 1978\n        Mrs. Douglas Lindsey\n      \n      \n        February 1978-February 1980\n        Clarke T. Cooper Jr.\n      \n      \n        February 1980-February 1982\n        William Seale\n      \n      \n        February 1982-February 1983\n        Denys Peter Myers\n      \n      \n        February 1983-February 1985\n        William B. Hurd\n      \n      \n        February 1985-February 1986\n        George J. Stansfield\n      \n      \n        February 1986-February 1987\n        Dr. Ernest A. Connally\n      \n      \n        February 1987-February 1989\n        Dr. Wilton C. Corkern, Jr.\n      \n      \n        February 1989-March 1991\n        James M. Lewis\n      \n      \n        March 1991-March 1992\n        Mrs. Anne Smith Paul\n      \n      \n        March 1992-March 1993\n        Richard R. G. Hobson\n      \n      \n        March 1993-March 1995\n        Dabney Waring\n      \n      \n        March 1995-March 1997\n        James R. Hobson\n      \n      \n        March 1997-March 1998\n        Robert C. Reed\n      \n      \n        March 1998-March 2000\n        Neil Horstman\n      \n      \n        March 2000-March 2002\n        Carroll Johnson\n      \n      \n        March 2002-March 2003\n        Thomas C. Brown Jr.","Librarians of Alexandria\n      \n        February 1794-February 1796\n        Edward Stabler\n      \n      \n        February 1796-February 1818\n        James Kennedy\n      \n      \n        February 1818-August 1826\n        William Cranch\n      \n      \n        August 1826-October 1829\n        W. Samuel Mark\n      \n      \n        October 1829-March 1845\n        George Drinker\n      \n      \n        March 1845-September 1845\n        James M. Eaches\n      \n      \n        September 1845-September 1852\n        C.F. Stuart\n      \n      \n        September 1852-April 1853\n        H. W. P. Junius\n      \n      \n        September 1852-April 1853\n        L.? Hunter\n      \n      \n        November 1853\n        Office Abolished\n      \n      \n        February 1854-October 1855\n        E. M.[Magruder?] Lowe\n      \n      \n        October 1855-September 1858\n        Norval E. Foard\n      \n      \n        September 1858-February 1859\n        S. Scott\n      \n      \n        February 1859-September 1859\n        Edward R. Roxbury\n      \n      \n        September 1859-February 1860\n        James A. Clarridge\n      \n      \n        February 1860-April 1861\n        Charles R. Burgess (acting)\n      \n      \n        April 1861-Unknown\n        Edwin N. Wise\n      \n      \n        March 1868\n        Wr. Bushby\n      \n      \n        April 1870-May 1871\n        August Henning\n      \n      \n        July 1871-March 1872\n        W. F. Stansbury\n      \n      \n        March 1872-August 1873\n        Emma J. Young\n      \n      \n        October 1873-March 1876\n        Emily English\n      \n      \n        March 1876\n        Position Eliminated\n      \n      \n        June 1879\n        R. Pendleton Bruin (unofficial? acting?)\n      \n      \n        October 1900-October 1903\n        F. Olive Lyons\n      \n      \n        October 1903-April 1937 (continued part-time, mentioned up to 1946)\n        Alice Green\n      \n      \n        April 1937-December 1938\n        Miss Beatrice Workman\n      \n      \n        January 1939-January 1941\n        Katherine Scoggin (later Martyn)\n      \n      \n        February 1941-June 1948\n        Bessie Watson\n      \n      \n        July 1948-June 1969 (hired part-time October 1939, letter of resignation later that month)\n        Ellen C. Burke\n      \n      \n        July 1969-October 1992 (librarian from 1958)\n        Jeanne G. Plitt","A reprocessing project begun in 2018 incorporated several boxes of previously unprocessed materials dating from the 1960s to the 2000s, with the bulk dating from after 1980. They included many short, overlapping sequences of correspondence, lecture, meeting, and member records which were merged into continuations of established series including primarily correspondence and lectures but also meetings and member correspondence. The \"subject files\" were added to the existing miscellaneous series.","Several other changes were also made. A re-examination of the catalog, subscription, and circulation books was undertaken and most were renumbered, described, and relabeled based on primary source research. The 1794-1861 minute book that had been donated back in 1922 was also discovered misfiled in Ms 98 (which covers the library proper since 1937) and was returned to its original collection. Some letters found in minute books were moved to the correspondence series, and their original locations were bookmarked with acid free paper. Photocopies of catalogs were removed.","The Alexandria Library Records (Ms 98) document the library as a separate institution from 1937 onward.","It particularly complements this collection in its early decades through its administrative correspondence, board correspondence, minutes, annual reports, and organizational records, including contracts with the Alexandria Library Society.","The minutes of the library's executive board (1938-1947) are included in the microfilm version of the library minute books 1794-1947.","Transcripts of library company lectures 2-18 are available in the library.","Lecture series : [transcripts of the audiotapes made of the scholars invited to speak at these annual lectures]\n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #2\n        080 LEC 2\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #3\n        080 LEC 3\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #4\n        080 LEC 4\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #5\n        080 LEC 5\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #6\n        080 LEC 6\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #7\n        080 LEC 7\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #8\n        080 LEC 8\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #9\n        080 LEC 9\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #10\n        080 LEC 10\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #11\n        080 LEC 11\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #12\n        080 LEC 12\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #13\n        080 LEC 13\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #14\n        080 LEC 14\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #15\n        080 LEC 15\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #16\n        080 LEC 16\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #17\n        080 LEC 17\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #18\n        080 LEC 18","The collection consists of circulation, subscription, and financial ledgers, annual lecture series documents, catalogues, correspondence, and various organizational documents. Topics include: foundation of the\nAlexandria Library Company, its cycles of growth and decline reflecting the local economy; the formation of the local public library system; and the on-going activities of the Alexandria Library Company, most notably its lecture series.","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)","Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002), 1794/2007"],"collection_ssim":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002), 1794/2007"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS002","/repositories/2/resources/128"],"unitid_tesim":["MS002","/repositories/2/resources/128"],"repository_ssm":["Alexandria Library"],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Libraries -- Subscription Libraries","Lectures and Lecturing","Associations, institutions, etc"],"geogname_ssim":["Libraries -- Subscription Libraries","Lectures and Lecturing","Associations, institutions, etc"],"places_ssim":["Libraries -- Subscription Libraries","Lectures and Lecturing","Associations, institutions, etc"],"creator_ssm":["Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)"],"creator_ssim":["Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)","Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)","Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Public libraries."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Public libraries."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["8.10 Cubic Feet 13 boxes, 2 oversize boxes, 1 record carton"],"extent_tesim":["8.10 Cubic Feet 13 boxes, 2 oversize boxes, 1 record carton"],"date_range_isim":[1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical","Presidents and Librarians of the Library"],"bioghist_tesim":["In the 1780s, a discussion group of Alexandria gentlemen called \"The Society for the Promotion of Useful Knowledge\" was formed. In 1794, many of these same individuals gathered to form the nucleus of the Alexandria Library Company (ALC). The ALC was a subscription library modelled after the Philadelphia Library Company, which had also emerged from such a club.","Society president Reverend John Muir became president of the ALC, a position he would hold for almost 20 years. Many of the library's founders are known to have been members of local Masonic lodges. Elisha Cullen Dick, who had succeeded George Washington as the leader of Lodge 22, was among the first directors of the ALC as well as the secretary of the earlier Society. The first Librarian was Edward Stabler, the proprietor of an apothecary shop. In 1796, Stabler was replaced by James Kennedy, who served as librarian until 1818. Overlaps and family links between the leadership of the library and other Alexandria institutions remained common over the next century and a half.","For a time, the Alexandria Lyceum (founded in 1838) and the ALC shared a physical space as well as similar missions. The Alexandria Lyceum was founded as part of a national movement focused on educational lectures. The union between the two organizations was dissolved in 1844, but the library continued to rent space from the Lyceum. The library was later said to have been in a state of \"suspended animation\" from around 1846 to 1852. In 1852, a \"Young Men's\" group took over under the original charter, publishing a new catalog in 1856. The library continued to operate into the Civil War. It remained in the Lyceum but not without acrimony, which is evident in the Alexandria Gazette in 1860.","In October 1867, an agreement was reached with what was variously referred to as the Alexandria Christian Association and the YMCA for assistance with running the library. The library separated from this organization during the early 1870s. By the second half of the 1870s, the library fell into a decline which the directors blamed on the lack of a published catalog.","The first library catalog had been prepared by Kennedy in 1796 and published sometime thereafter. The earliest catalog of which there is an extant copy was published in 1801, followed by another in 1808 of which there are few traces. A more enduring catalog was created in 1815. The 1830s saw publication of a supplement to the 1815 catalog and the creation of a working catalog that would be used into the late 1840s. Normal circulation records end in April 1861 when the library was converted into a military hospital. There are stray entries in May and December before operations resumed on a limited basis in May 1862 and continued at least through that year. Over a thousand volumes were lost during the war. Due to the decline in usage in the 1870s, a new catalog was produced by librarian Emma J. Young in 1872 but never published. After two years with Young's catalog, another was commissioned from Dr. Theo West, which also went unpublished. As a stopgap, handwritten copies were used by patrons. In 1898, a new catalog was created which utilized a decimal system for the first time. The last published catalog was a supplement to the 1912 version.","In the late 1870s, appeals were made to the men of Alexandria for support,. The directors met with another \"Young Men's Library Association\" in 1878 without success, records of operations stop after January 1880.","The Gazette reported in January 1881 that the books were now in the custody of the school board, whose membership included William F. Carne, a former library company director and the son of one its former presidents. In May 1887 it reported that Carne, as leader of the board's library committee, was inviting associations wishing to participate in re-opening the library to a meeting at the Peabody school building where the books were held, and explained that he had always intended a reading room to be opened to the public once space was freed up for that purpose.","In June 1887, the Gazette reported that the \"Reading Circle of Washington and Lee Schools\" organized by teachers two years prior and the YMCA would operate the free library during the summer, in the hope that in September \"an effort will be made, with a very fair prospect of success, to re-organize the Library Company.\" Gazette reports in 1890 and 1891 refer to continued efforts by Carne and others to \"re-open\" the library, and in 1892 being part of a \"committee on the project for a free public library,\" but they did not succeed.","In the decades after 1870s librarianship not only professionalized but underwent a rapid gender shift, and apart from the periods in which there was no librarian for financial reasons, no male librarians seem to have been employed until well into the 20th century. Women's library organizations had become common nationally, and along with the philanthropy of Andrew Carnegie played a major role in the growth of public libraries in America starting in the late 19th century.","In September 1897, the Alexandria Library Association led by Virginia Corse received custody of the books then in possession of the school board. With a modest donation from Carnegie, by 1898 the library was back in business, but as a subscription library, it would not become a free public library for almost 40 years. The new library needed a new librarian, and after one or two initial hires, the association found Alice Green (1865-1956), who would serve from 1902-1937 and in a lesser capacity into the mid-1940s. During this period, space for the library was rented from the United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC).","The Depression brought financial hardship. As the crisis worsened in early 1931, the association had obtained $1,000 from the city council to form \"a nucleus for the establishment of a public library.\" Discussion of becoming a public library had been common since the 1920s, as the efforts of Carnegie and others had made them the norm nationally. Attempts were made to sell older books and hold fundraisers as subscription fees dried up. There was also a dispute with the UDC over a rent increase in 1933. The library was aided by the wealth of its members, including a $5,000 bequest in 1935 from its long-time treasurer, Margaret L. Smoot.","Members built political support both on the council and among the public in the mid-1930s and in 1937 it was agreed that a building would be constructed on the site of the old cemetery of the Society of Friends and that the city government would cover annual expenses of no more than $5,000 for the association to operate a free library. One member of the board would be appointed by the city. The new governing organization was rebranded the Alexandria Library Society.  Agreements were signed in January, and the library opened at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch's current location, 717 Queen Street.","Another change after 1937 was the gender composition of the leadership. Men served on the board of the new Society and played prominent roles after 1937. After 1948 they typically occupied the presidency of the organization. Most elections were unanimous, often with women casting most of the votes, but it ceased to be a women's organization.","In 1945 a technicality in the Society's contract with the city was brought to the attention of the board. Namely that the $5,000 the city was obligated to provide each year was not the minimum but rather the maximum contribution, and that the higher appropriations it had been making were illegal. The city took this as an opportunity to demand a contract change beyond the funding formula. Although the men of the city council had representation on the board, the women of the Society were still ultimately running the library, and the Society was asked to allow a majority of the executive board to be appointed by the city, and a minority by the Society. That the city legally \"owned the building and all its contents\" so long as it paid $5,000 per year was also pointed out. The Alexandria Library Society signed the new contract, surrendering control of the library in November 1947. In its reduced role, the Society still elected members to the board and received reports from the librarian. It also retained independent funds that could be used for the benefit of the library. With the library now fully the city's responsibility, the membership was also able to more openly advocate for additional funding.","Another longstanding issue at the library was race. The president's 1928 annual report had endorsed becoming a \"free city library,\" but feared that becoming a Carnegie library \"would bring in some elements hitherto unknown and I think undesirable in our Library.\" In the 1930s the library association favored providing segregated facilities, but, after repeated meetings with the city council, failed to achieve even that modest goal. In the 13 March, 1939, minutes, the issue was revisited yet again, but without result.","Four days later on 17 March 1939, Sergeant George Wilson was turned down for a library card because of his race and Samuel Tucker filed a civil rights lawsuit against the librarian on his behalf. Plans for a segregated facility were dusted off, and new staff was hired so that the librarian could focus on the controversy. On 21 August 1939, several black men organized by Tucker entered the library and followed Wilson's example, but after being refused, seated themselves in the library with books, beginning America's first library sit-in. It ended only after the city manager called the police, and all were arrested. The lawsuit was dismissed on technical grounds, but to prevent a new lawsuit the city approved the Robert H. Robinson branch, which opened in 1940. Tucker refused to accept a card there.","A major issue in the early 1950s was the push to expand the overcrowded main library serving the white community. The white librarian at the time, who had been hired in a junior capacity during Tucker's campaign in 1939, suggested to the Society that the expansion could be an opportunity to integrate. In the midst of the debates over expansion and additional funding, an opportunity emerged to purchase a neighboring building on the corner of North Columbus and Queen, which was later demolished. This prompted a discussion about the Alexandria Library Society's connection to the original library company. It was decided to change the name from the \"Alexandria Library Society\" to the \"Alexandria Library Company,\" make the appropriate filings with the state government, and reinstate the 1799 charter, which would be revised by the legislature in the 1980s to help obtain tax-exempt status from the IRS.","This name change was completed at one of the company's most consequential meetings in February 1956. Every member was asked to sign their name in the minute book to signal their assent. A letter from a local civil rights activist questioning the legality of library segregation was also read, but deemed the province of the library board, which referred the matter back to the company whose reply is not preserved.","Member Mangum Weeks thereupon raised the question of the future role of the Library Company, and proposed resuming the tradition of annual lectures dating from the Lyceum period using funds from the newly instituted membership dues. This proposal was adopted, and preparing the annual lectures soon became a major focus of the Company. The Library Company continues to appoint members to the board of the Alexandria Library and hold its annual lecture series. It commissioned a new history of the library by William Seale in 2007, which can be found at the Local History and Special Collections Branch.","Chronological listings for both presidents of the board and librarians up to the modern day.","Presidents of the Library Company and Its Successors\n      \n        February 1794-February 1813\n        Rev. James Muir\n      \n      \n        February 1813-February 1815\n        Hugh Smith\n      \n      \n        February 1815-March 1824\n        John Roberts\n      \n      \n        March 1824-February 1829\n        Hugh Smith\n      \n      \n        February 1829-February 1835\n        John Richards\n      \n      \n        February 1835-February 1840\n        John Roberts\n      \n      \n        February 1840-1852\n        Elias Harrison\n      \n      \n        1852-February 1855\n        J. Louis Kinzer\n      \n      \n        February 1855-September 1858\n        Francis Miller\n      \n      \n        September 1858- February 1859\n        Richard L. Carne\n      \n      \n        February 1859-September 1859\n        Caleb S. Hallowell\n      \n      \n        September 1859-February 1860\n        William G. Cazenove\n      \n      \n        February 1860-February 1870\n        Richard L. Carne\n      \n      \n        February 1870-February 1873\n        K. Kemper\n      \n      \n        February 1873-October 1873\n        Samuel H. Janney\n      \n      \n        October 1873-February 1874\n        Sidney C. Neale\n      \n      \n        February 1874-June 1879\n        Mercer Slaughter\n      \n      \n        September 1897-October 1905\n        Virginia Corse\n      \n      \n        July 1906-June 1925\n        Mrs. Samuel. L. Monroe\n      \n      \n        October 1925-April 1930\n        Loula Smoot\n      \n      \n        April 1930-November 1933\n        Mrs. Henry B. Soule, [Jessie E. Soule]\n      \n      \n        December 1933-December 1934\n        Mary Lloyd\n      \n      \n        December 1934-December 1936\n        Susan Thomson\n      \n      \n        December 1936-November 1937\n        Mrs. Louis Scott\n      \n      \n        November 1937-November 1944\n        Mrs. Curtis Backus\n      \n      \n        November 1944-November 1946\n        Mrs. [Lawrence] Fawcett, [Mary Fawcett]\n      \n      \n        November 1946-November 1947\n        Howard Worth Smith\n      \n      \n        November 1947-October 1948\n        [Miss Anne] Lewis Jones\n      \n      \n        October 1948-October 1949\n        Miss Horne\n      \n      \n        October 1949-October 1950\n        Mr. Stanley King\n      \n      \n        October 1950-December 1951\n        Mr. [Joseph] Crockett\n      \n      \n        December 1951-February 1955\n        Mr. Robert Moncure\n      \n      \n        February 1955-February 1957\n        Dr. [W. Bruce] Silcox\n      \n      \n        February 1957-February 1959\n        Stanley King\n      \n      \n        February 1959-February 1962\n        Mangum Weeks\n      \n      \n        February 1962-February 1963\n        Richard Bales\n      \n      \n        February 1963-February 1965\n        Donald King\n      \n      \n        February 1965-February 1967\n        David Squires\n      \n      \n        February 1967-February 1969\n        Howard Worth Smith Jr.\n      \n      \n        February 1969-February 1971\n        William Francis Smith\n      \n      \n        February 1971-February 1972\n        John T. Ticer\n      \n      \n        February 1972-February 1974\n        David M. Abshire\n      \n      \n        February 1974-February 1976\n        Mrs. Merill Beede\n      \n      \n        February 1976-February 1978\n        Mrs. Douglas Lindsey\n      \n      \n        February 1978-February 1980\n        Clarke T. Cooper Jr.\n      \n      \n        February 1980-February 1982\n        William Seale\n      \n      \n        February 1982-February 1983\n        Denys Peter Myers\n      \n      \n        February 1983-February 1985\n        William B. Hurd\n      \n      \n        February 1985-February 1986\n        George J. Stansfield\n      \n      \n        February 1986-February 1987\n        Dr. Ernest A. Connally\n      \n      \n        February 1987-February 1989\n        Dr. Wilton C. Corkern, Jr.\n      \n      \n        February 1989-March 1991\n        James M. Lewis\n      \n      \n        March 1991-March 1992\n        Mrs. Anne Smith Paul\n      \n      \n        March 1992-March 1993\n        Richard R. G. Hobson\n      \n      \n        March 1993-March 1995\n        Dabney Waring\n      \n      \n        March 1995-March 1997\n        James R. Hobson\n      \n      \n        March 1997-March 1998\n        Robert C. Reed\n      \n      \n        March 1998-March 2000\n        Neil Horstman\n      \n      \n        March 2000-March 2002\n        Carroll Johnson\n      \n      \n        March 2002-March 2003\n        Thomas C. Brown Jr.","Librarians of Alexandria\n      \n        February 1794-February 1796\n        Edward Stabler\n      \n      \n        February 1796-February 1818\n        James Kennedy\n      \n      \n        February 1818-August 1826\n        William Cranch\n      \n      \n        August 1826-October 1829\n        W. Samuel Mark\n      \n      \n        October 1829-March 1845\n        George Drinker\n      \n      \n        March 1845-September 1845\n        James M. Eaches\n      \n      \n        September 1845-September 1852\n        C.F. Stuart\n      \n      \n        September 1852-April 1853\n        H. W. P. Junius\n      \n      \n        September 1852-April 1853\n        L.? Hunter\n      \n      \n        November 1853\n        Office Abolished\n      \n      \n        February 1854-October 1855\n        E. M.[Magruder?] Lowe\n      \n      \n        October 1855-September 1858\n        Norval E. Foard\n      \n      \n        September 1858-February 1859\n        S. Scott\n      \n      \n        February 1859-September 1859\n        Edward R. Roxbury\n      \n      \n        September 1859-February 1860\n        James A. Clarridge\n      \n      \n        February 1860-April 1861\n        Charles R. Burgess (acting)\n      \n      \n        April 1861-Unknown\n        Edwin N. Wise\n      \n      \n        March 1868\n        Wr. Bushby\n      \n      \n        April 1870-May 1871\n        August Henning\n      \n      \n        July 1871-March 1872\n        W. F. Stansbury\n      \n      \n        March 1872-August 1873\n        Emma J. Young\n      \n      \n        October 1873-March 1876\n        Emily English\n      \n      \n        March 1876\n        Position Eliminated\n      \n      \n        June 1879\n        R. Pendleton Bruin (unofficial? acting?)\n      \n      \n        October 1900-October 1903\n        F. Olive Lyons\n      \n      \n        October 1903-April 1937 (continued part-time, mentioned up to 1946)\n        Alice Green\n      \n      \n        April 1937-December 1938\n        Miss Beatrice Workman\n      \n      \n        January 1939-January 1941\n        Katherine Scoggin (later Martyn)\n      \n      \n        February 1941-June 1948\n        Bessie Watson\n      \n      \n        July 1948-June 1969 (hired part-time October 1939, letter of resignation later that month)\n        Ellen C. Burke\n      \n      \n        July 1969-October 1992 (librarian from 1958)\n        Jeanne G. Plitt"],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|7a4491fe-5b8d-43e9-aa46-69ecce4c0734/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Digital Materials"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["Click to view digital materials in this collection"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Item], Alexandria Library Company Records, MS002, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Item], Alexandria Library Company Records, MS002, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA reprocessing project begun in 2018 incorporated several boxes of previously unprocessed materials dating from the 1960s to the 2000s, with the bulk dating from after 1980. They included many short, overlapping sequences of correspondence, lecture, meeting, and member records which were merged into continuations of established series including primarily correspondence and lectures but also meetings and member correspondence. The \"subject files\" were added to the existing miscellaneous series. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nSeveral other changes were also made. A re-examination of the catalog, subscription, and circulation books was undertaken and most were renumbered, described, and relabeled based on primary source research. The 1794-1861 minute book that had been donated back in 1922 was also discovered misfiled in Ms 98 (which covers the library proper since 1937) and was returned to its original collection. Some letters found in minute books were moved to the correspondence series, and their original locations were bookmarked with acid free paper. Photocopies of catalogs were removed. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["A reprocessing project begun in 2018 incorporated several boxes of previously unprocessed materials dating from the 1960s to the 2000s, with the bulk dating from after 1980. They included many short, overlapping sequences of correspondence, lecture, meeting, and member records which were merged into continuations of established series including primarily correspondence and lectures but also meetings and member correspondence. The \"subject files\" were added to the existing miscellaneous series.","Several other changes were also made. A re-examination of the catalog, subscription, and circulation books was undertaken and most were renumbered, described, and relabeled based on primary source research. The 1794-1861 minute book that had been donated back in 1922 was also discovered misfiled in Ms 98 (which covers the library proper since 1937) and was returned to its original collection. Some letters found in minute books were moved to the correspondence series, and their original locations were bookmarked with acid free paper. Photocopies of catalogs were removed."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Alexandria Library Records (Ms 98) document the library as a separate institution from 1937 onward.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nIt particularly complements this collection in its early decades through its administrative correspondence, board correspondence, minutes, annual reports, and organizational records, including contracts with the Alexandria Library Society.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe minutes of the library's executive board (1938-1947) are included in the microfilm version of the library minute books 1794-1947.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTranscripts of library company lectures 2-18 are available in the library.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eLecture series : [transcripts of the audiotapes made of the scholars invited to speak at these annual lectures]\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #2\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 2\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #3\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 3\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #4\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 4\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #5\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 5\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #6\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 6\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #7\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 7\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #8\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 8\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #9\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 9\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #10\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 10\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #11\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 11\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #12\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 12\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #13\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 13\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #14\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 14\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #15\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 15\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #16\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 16\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #17\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 17\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #18\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 18\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Alexandria Library Records (Ms 98) document the library as a separate institution from 1937 onward.","It particularly complements this collection in its early decades through its administrative correspondence, board correspondence, minutes, annual reports, and organizational records, including contracts with the Alexandria Library Society.","The minutes of the library's executive board (1938-1947) are included in the microfilm version of the library minute books 1794-1947.","Transcripts of library company lectures 2-18 are available in the library.","Lecture series : [transcripts of the audiotapes made of the scholars invited to speak at these annual lectures]\n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #2\n        080 LEC 2\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #3\n        080 LEC 3\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #4\n        080 LEC 4\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #5\n        080 LEC 5\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #6\n        080 LEC 6\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #7\n        080 LEC 7\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #8\n        080 LEC 8\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #9\n        080 LEC 9\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #10\n        080 LEC 10\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #11\n        080 LEC 11\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #12\n        080 LEC 12\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #13\n        080 LEC 13\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #14\n        080 LEC 14\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #15\n        080 LEC 15\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #16\n        080 LEC 16\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #17\n        080 LEC 17\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #18\n        080 LEC 18"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of circulation, subscription, and financial ledgers, annual lecture series documents, catalogues, correspondence, and various organizational documents. Topics include: foundation of the\nAlexandria Library Company, its cycles of growth and decline reflecting the local economy; the formation of the local public library system; and the on-going activities of the Alexandria Library Company, most notably its lecture series.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of circulation, subscription, and financial ledgers, annual lecture series documents, catalogues, correspondence, and various organizational documents. Topics include: foundation of the\nAlexandria Library Company, its cycles of growth and decline reflecting the local economy; the formation of the local public library system; and the on-going activities of the Alexandria Library Company, most notably its lecture series."],"corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)","Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)"],"names_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)","Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":147,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:21:50.422Z","bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn the 1780s, a discussion group of Alexandria gentlemen called \"The Society for the Promotion of Useful Knowledge\" was formed. In 1794, many of these same individuals gathered to form the nucleus of the Alexandria Library Company (ALC). The ALC was a subscription library modelled after the Philadelphia Library Company, which had also emerged from such a club. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSociety president Reverend John Muir became president of the ALC, a position he would hold for almost 20 years. Many of the library's founders are known to have been members of local Masonic lodges. Elisha Cullen Dick, who had succeeded George Washington as the leader of Lodge 22, was among the first directors of the ALC as well as the secretary of the earlier Society. The first Librarian was Edward Stabler, the proprietor of an apothecary shop. In 1796, Stabler was replaced by James Kennedy, who served as librarian until 1818. Overlaps and family links between the leadership of the library and other Alexandria institutions remained common over the next century and a half. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor a time, the Alexandria Lyceum (founded in 1838) and the ALC shared a physical space as well as similar missions. The Alexandria Lyceum was founded as part of a national movement focused on educational lectures. The union between the two organizations was dissolved in 1844, but the library continued to rent space from the Lyceum. The library was later said to have been in a state of \"suspended animation\" from around 1846 to 1852. In 1852, a \"Young Men's\" group took over under the original charter, publishing a new catalog in 1856. The library continued to operate into the Civil War. It remained in the Lyceum but not without acrimony, which is evident in the Alexandria Gazette in 1860. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn October 1867, an agreement was reached with what was variously referred to as the Alexandria Christian Association and the YMCA for assistance with running the library. The library separated from this organization during the early 1870s. By the second half of the 1870s, the library fell into a decline which the directors blamed on the lack of a published catalog. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe first library catalog had been prepared by Kennedy in 1796 and published sometime thereafter. The earliest catalog of which there is an extant copy was published in 1801, followed by another in 1808 of which there are few traces. A more enduring catalog was created in 1815. The 1830s saw publication of a supplement to the 1815 catalog and the creation of a working catalog that would be used into the late 1840s. Normal circulation records end in April 1861 when the library was converted into a military hospital. There are stray entries in May and December before operations resumed on a limited basis in May 1862 and continued at least through that year. Over a thousand volumes were lost during the war. Due to the decline in usage in the 1870s, a new catalog was produced by librarian Emma J. Young in 1872 but never published. After two years with Young's catalog, another was commissioned from Dr. Theo West, which also went unpublished. As a stopgap, handwritten copies were used by patrons. In 1898, a new catalog was created which utilized a decimal system for the first time. The last published catalog was a supplement to the 1912 version. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the late 1870s, appeals were made to the men of Alexandria for support,. The directors met with another \"Young Men's Library Association\" in 1878 without success, records of operations stop after January 1880.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Gazette reported in January 1881 that the books were now in the custody of the school board, whose membership included William F. Carne, a former library company director and the son of one its former presidents. In May 1887 it reported that Carne, as leader of the board's library committee, was inviting associations wishing to participate in re-opening the library to a meeting at the Peabody school building where the books were held, and explained that he had always intended a reading room to be opened to the public once space was freed up for that purpose.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn June 1887, the Gazette reported that the \"Reading Circle of Washington and Lee Schools\" organized by teachers two years prior and the YMCA would operate the free library during the summer, in the hope that in September \"an effort will be made, with a very fair prospect of success, to re-organize the Library Company.\" Gazette reports in 1890 and 1891 refer to continued efforts by Carne and others to \"re-open\" the library, and in 1892 being part of a \"committee on the project for a free public library,\" but they did not succeed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the decades after 1870s librarianship not only professionalized but underwent a rapid gender shift, and apart from the periods in which there was no librarian for financial reasons, no male librarians seem to have been employed until well into the 20th century. Women's library organizations had become common nationally, and along with the philanthropy of Andrew Carnegie played a major role in the growth of public libraries in America starting in the late 19th century.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn September 1897, the Alexandria Library Association led by Virginia Corse received custody of the books then in possession of the school board. With a modest donation from Carnegie, by 1898 the library was back in business, but as a subscription library, it would not become a free public library for almost 40 years. The new library needed a new librarian, and after one or two initial hires, the association found Alice Green (1865-1956), who would serve from 1902-1937 and in a lesser capacity into the mid-1940s. During this period, space for the library was rented from the United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Depression brought financial hardship. As the crisis worsened in early 1931, the association had obtained $1,000 from the city council to form \"a nucleus for the establishment of a public library.\" Discussion of becoming a public library had been common since the 1920s, as the efforts of Carnegie and others had made them the norm nationally. Attempts were made to sell older books and hold fundraisers as subscription fees dried up. There was also a dispute with the UDC over a rent increase in 1933. The library was aided by the wealth of its members, including a $5,000 bequest in 1935 from its long-time treasurer, Margaret L. Smoot.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMembers built political support both on the council and among the public in the mid-1930s and in 1937 it was agreed that a building would be constructed on the site of the old cemetery of the Society of Friends and that the city government would cover annual expenses of no more than $5,000 for the association to operate a free library. One member of the board would be appointed by the city. The new governing organization was rebranded the Alexandria Library Society.  Agreements were signed in January, and the library opened at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch's current location, 717 Queen Street.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAnother change after 1937 was the gender composition of the leadership. Men served on the board of the new Society and played prominent roles after 1937. After 1948 they typically occupied the presidency of the organization. Most elections were unanimous, often with women casting most of the votes, but it ceased to be a women's organization. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1945 a technicality in the Society's contract with the city was brought to the attention of the board. Namely that the $5,000 the city was obligated to provide each year was not the minimum but rather the maximum contribution, and that the higher appropriations it had been making were illegal. The city took this as an opportunity to demand a contract change beyond the funding formula. Although the men of the city council had representation on the board, the women of the Society were still ultimately running the library, and the Society was asked to allow a majority of the executive board to be appointed by the city, and a minority by the Society. That the city legally \"owned the building and all its contents\" so long as it paid $5,000 per year was also pointed out. The Alexandria Library Society signed the new contract, surrendering control of the library in November 1947. In its reduced role, the Society still elected members to the board and received reports from the librarian. It also retained independent funds that could be used for the benefit of the library. With the library now fully the city's responsibility, the membership was also able to more openly advocate for additional funding.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAnother longstanding issue at the library was race. The president's 1928 annual report had endorsed becoming a \"free city library,\" but feared that becoming a Carnegie library \"would bring in some elements hitherto unknown and I think undesirable in our Library.\" In the 1930s the library association favored providing segregated facilities, but, after repeated meetings with the city council, failed to achieve even that modest goal. In the 13 March, 1939, minutes, the issue was revisited yet again, but without result. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFour days later on 17 March 1939, Sergeant George Wilson was turned down for a library card because of his race and Samuel Tucker filed a civil rights lawsuit against the librarian on his behalf. Plans for a segregated facility were dusted off, and new staff was hired so that the librarian could focus on the controversy. On 21 August 1939, several black men organized by Tucker entered the library and followed Wilson's example, but after being refused, seated themselves in the library with books, beginning America's first library sit-in. It ended only after the city manager called the police, and all were arrested. The lawsuit was dismissed on technical grounds, but to prevent a new lawsuit the city approved the Robert H. Robinson branch, which opened in 1940. Tucker refused to accept a card there. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA major issue in the early 1950s was the push to expand the overcrowded main library serving the white community. The white librarian at the time, who had been hired in a junior capacity during Tucker's campaign in 1939, suggested to the Society that the expansion could be an opportunity to integrate. In the midst of the debates over expansion and additional funding, an opportunity emerged to purchase a neighboring building on the corner of North Columbus and Queen, which was later demolished. This prompted a discussion about the Alexandria Library Society's connection to the original library company. It was decided to change the name from the \"Alexandria Library Society\" to the \"Alexandria Library Company,\" make the appropriate filings with the state government, and reinstate the 1799 charter, which would be revised by the legislature in the 1980s to help obtain tax-exempt status from the IRS.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis name change was completed at one of the company's most consequential meetings in February 1956. Every member was asked to sign their name in the minute book to signal their assent. A letter from a local civil rights activist questioning the legality of library segregation was also read, but deemed the province of the library board, which referred the matter back to the company whose reply is not preserved.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMember Mangum Weeks thereupon raised the question of the future role of the Library Company, and proposed resuming the tradition of annual lectures dating from the Lyceum period using funds from the newly instituted membership dues. This proposal was adopted, and preparing the annual lectures soon became a major focus of the Company. The Library Company continues to appoint members to the board of the Alexandria Library and hold its annual lecture series. It commissioned a new history of the library by William Seale in 2007, which can be found at the Local History and Special Collections Branch.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eChronological listings for both presidents of the board and librarians up to the modern day.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003ePresidents of the Library Company and Its Successors\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1794-February 1813\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eRev. James Muir\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1813-February 1815\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eHugh Smith\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1815-March 1824\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJohn Roberts\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1824-February 1829\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eHugh Smith\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1829-February 1835\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJohn Richards\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1835-February 1840\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJohn Roberts\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1840-1852\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eElias Harrison\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003e1852-February 1855\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJ. Louis Kinzer\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1855-September 1858\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eFrancis Miller\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1858- February 1859\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eRichard L. Carne\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1859-September 1859\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eCaleb S. Hallowell\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1859-February 1860\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWilliam G. Cazenove\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1860-February 1870\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eRichard L. Carne\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1870-February 1873\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eK. Kemper\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1873-October 1873\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSamuel H. Janney\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1873-February 1874\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSidney C. Neale\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1874-June 1879\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMercer Slaughter\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1897-October 1905\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eVirginia Corse\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eJuly 1906-June 1925\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Samuel. L. Monroe\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1925-April 1930\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eLoula Smoot\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eApril 1930-November 1933\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Henry B. Soule, [Jessie E. Soule]\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eDecember 1933-December 1934\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMary Lloyd\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eDecember 1934-December 1936\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSusan Thomson\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eDecember 1936-November 1937\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Louis Scott\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eNovember 1937-November 1944\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Curtis Backus\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eNovember 1944-November 1946\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. [Lawrence] Fawcett, [Mary Fawcett]\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eNovember 1946-November 1947\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eHoward Worth Smith\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eNovember 1947-October 1948\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e[Miss Anne] Lewis Jones\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1948-October 1949\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMiss Horne\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1949-October 1950\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMr. Stanley King\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1950-December 1951\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMr. [Joseph] Crockett\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eDecember 1951-February 1955\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMr. Robert Moncure\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1955-February 1957\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDr. [W. Bruce] Silcox\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1957-February 1959\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eStanley King\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1959-February 1962\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMangum Weeks\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1962-February 1963\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eRichard Bales\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1963-February 1965\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDonald King\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1965-February 1967\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDavid Squires\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1967-February 1969\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eHoward Worth Smith Jr.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1969-February 1971\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWilliam Francis Smith\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1971-February 1972\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJohn T. Ticer\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1972-February 1974\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDavid M. Abshire\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1974-February 1976\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Merill Beede\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1976-February 1978\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Douglas Lindsey\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1978-February 1980\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eClarke T. Cooper Jr.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1980-February 1982\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWilliam Seale\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1982-February 1983\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDenys Peter Myers\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1983-February 1985\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWilliam B. Hurd\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1985-February 1986\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eGeorge J. Stansfield\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1986-February 1987\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDr. Ernest A. Connally\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1987-February 1989\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDr. Wilton C. Corkern, Jr.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1989-March 1991\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJames M. Lewis\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1991-March 1992\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Anne Smith Paul\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1992-March 1993\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eRichard R. G. Hobson\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1993-March 1995\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDabney Waring\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1995-March 1997\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJames R. Hobson\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1997-March 1998\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eRobert C. Reed\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1998-March 2000\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eNeil Horstman\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 2000-March 2002\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eCarroll Johnson\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 2002-March 2003\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eThomas C. Brown Jr.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n    ","\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eLibrarians of Alexandria\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1794-February 1796\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eEdward Stabler\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1796-February 1818\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJames Kennedy\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1818-August 1826\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWilliam Cranch\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAugust 1826-October 1829\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eW. Samuel Mark\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1829-March 1845\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eGeorge Drinker\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1845-September 1845\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJames M. Eaches\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1845-September 1852\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eC.F. Stuart\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1852-April 1853\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eH. W. P. Junius\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1852-April 1853\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eL.? Hunter\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eNovember 1853\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eOffice Abolished\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1854-October 1855\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eE. M.[Magruder?] Lowe\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1855-September 1858\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eNorval E. Foard\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1858-February 1859\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eS. Scott\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1859-September 1859\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eEdward R. Roxbury\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1859-February 1860\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJames A. Clarridge\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1860-April 1861\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eCharles R. Burgess (acting)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eApril 1861-Unknown\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eEdwin N. Wise\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1868\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWr. Bushby\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eApril 1870-May 1871\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eAugust Henning\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eJuly 1871-March 1872\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eW. F. Stansbury\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1872-August 1873\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eEmma J. Young\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1873-March 1876\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eEmily English\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1876\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003ePosition Eliminated\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eJune 1879\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eR. Pendleton Bruin (unofficial? acting?)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1900-October 1903\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eF. Olive Lyons\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1903-April 1937 (continued part-time, mentioned up to 1946)\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eAlice Green\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eApril 1937-December 1938\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMiss Beatrice Workman\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eJanuary 1939-January 1941\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eKatherine Scoggin (later Martyn)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1941-June 1948\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eBessie Watson\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eJuly 1948-June 1969 (hired part-time October 1939, letter of resignation later that month)\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eEllen C. Burke\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eJuly 1969-October 1992 (librarian from 1958)\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJeanne G. Plitt\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ALEX/repositories_2_resources_128.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://alexlibraryva.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/128","title_ssm":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002)"],"title_tesim":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1794-2007"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1794-2007"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1794/2007"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002), 1794/2007"],"text":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002), 1794/2007","MS002","/repositories/2/resources/128","Libraries -- Subscription Libraries","Lectures and Lecturing","Associations, institutions, etc","Public libraries.","In the 1780s, a discussion group of Alexandria gentlemen called \"The Society for the Promotion of Useful Knowledge\" was formed. In 1794, many of these same individuals gathered to form the nucleus of the Alexandria Library Company (ALC). The ALC was a subscription library modelled after the Philadelphia Library Company, which had also emerged from such a club.","Society president Reverend John Muir became president of the ALC, a position he would hold for almost 20 years. Many of the library's founders are known to have been members of local Masonic lodges. Elisha Cullen Dick, who had succeeded George Washington as the leader of Lodge 22, was among the first directors of the ALC as well as the secretary of the earlier Society. The first Librarian was Edward Stabler, the proprietor of an apothecary shop. In 1796, Stabler was replaced by James Kennedy, who served as librarian until 1818. Overlaps and family links between the leadership of the library and other Alexandria institutions remained common over the next century and a half.","For a time, the Alexandria Lyceum (founded in 1838) and the ALC shared a physical space as well as similar missions. The Alexandria Lyceum was founded as part of a national movement focused on educational lectures. The union between the two organizations was dissolved in 1844, but the library continued to rent space from the Lyceum. The library was later said to have been in a state of \"suspended animation\" from around 1846 to 1852. In 1852, a \"Young Men's\" group took over under the original charter, publishing a new catalog in 1856. The library continued to operate into the Civil War. It remained in the Lyceum but not without acrimony, which is evident in the Alexandria Gazette in 1860.","In October 1867, an agreement was reached with what was variously referred to as the Alexandria Christian Association and the YMCA for assistance with running the library. The library separated from this organization during the early 1870s. By the second half of the 1870s, the library fell into a decline which the directors blamed on the lack of a published catalog.","The first library catalog had been prepared by Kennedy in 1796 and published sometime thereafter. The earliest catalog of which there is an extant copy was published in 1801, followed by another in 1808 of which there are few traces. A more enduring catalog was created in 1815. The 1830s saw publication of a supplement to the 1815 catalog and the creation of a working catalog that would be used into the late 1840s. Normal circulation records end in April 1861 when the library was converted into a military hospital. There are stray entries in May and December before operations resumed on a limited basis in May 1862 and continued at least through that year. Over a thousand volumes were lost during the war. Due to the decline in usage in the 1870s, a new catalog was produced by librarian Emma J. Young in 1872 but never published. After two years with Young's catalog, another was commissioned from Dr. Theo West, which also went unpublished. As a stopgap, handwritten copies were used by patrons. In 1898, a new catalog was created which utilized a decimal system for the first time. The last published catalog was a supplement to the 1912 version.","In the late 1870s, appeals were made to the men of Alexandria for support,. The directors met with another \"Young Men's Library Association\" in 1878 without success, records of operations stop after January 1880.","The Gazette reported in January 1881 that the books were now in the custody of the school board, whose membership included William F. Carne, a former library company director and the son of one its former presidents. In May 1887 it reported that Carne, as leader of the board's library committee, was inviting associations wishing to participate in re-opening the library to a meeting at the Peabody school building where the books were held, and explained that he had always intended a reading room to be opened to the public once space was freed up for that purpose.","In June 1887, the Gazette reported that the \"Reading Circle of Washington and Lee Schools\" organized by teachers two years prior and the YMCA would operate the free library during the summer, in the hope that in September \"an effort will be made, with a very fair prospect of success, to re-organize the Library Company.\" Gazette reports in 1890 and 1891 refer to continued efforts by Carne and others to \"re-open\" the library, and in 1892 being part of a \"committee on the project for a free public library,\" but they did not succeed.","In the decades after 1870s librarianship not only professionalized but underwent a rapid gender shift, and apart from the periods in which there was no librarian for financial reasons, no male librarians seem to have been employed until well into the 20th century. Women's library organizations had become common nationally, and along with the philanthropy of Andrew Carnegie played a major role in the growth of public libraries in America starting in the late 19th century.","In September 1897, the Alexandria Library Association led by Virginia Corse received custody of the books then in possession of the school board. With a modest donation from Carnegie, by 1898 the library was back in business, but as a subscription library, it would not become a free public library for almost 40 years. The new library needed a new librarian, and after one or two initial hires, the association found Alice Green (1865-1956), who would serve from 1902-1937 and in a lesser capacity into the mid-1940s. During this period, space for the library was rented from the United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC).","The Depression brought financial hardship. As the crisis worsened in early 1931, the association had obtained $1,000 from the city council to form \"a nucleus for the establishment of a public library.\" Discussion of becoming a public library had been common since the 1920s, as the efforts of Carnegie and others had made them the norm nationally. Attempts were made to sell older books and hold fundraisers as subscription fees dried up. There was also a dispute with the UDC over a rent increase in 1933. The library was aided by the wealth of its members, including a $5,000 bequest in 1935 from its long-time treasurer, Margaret L. Smoot.","Members built political support both on the council and among the public in the mid-1930s and in 1937 it was agreed that a building would be constructed on the site of the old cemetery of the Society of Friends and that the city government would cover annual expenses of no more than $5,000 for the association to operate a free library. One member of the board would be appointed by the city. The new governing organization was rebranded the Alexandria Library Society.  Agreements were signed in January, and the library opened at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch's current location, 717 Queen Street.","Another change after 1937 was the gender composition of the leadership. Men served on the board of the new Society and played prominent roles after 1937. After 1948 they typically occupied the presidency of the organization. Most elections were unanimous, often with women casting most of the votes, but it ceased to be a women's organization.","In 1945 a technicality in the Society's contract with the city was brought to the attention of the board. Namely that the $5,000 the city was obligated to provide each year was not the minimum but rather the maximum contribution, and that the higher appropriations it had been making were illegal. The city took this as an opportunity to demand a contract change beyond the funding formula. Although the men of the city council had representation on the board, the women of the Society were still ultimately running the library, and the Society was asked to allow a majority of the executive board to be appointed by the city, and a minority by the Society. That the city legally \"owned the building and all its contents\" so long as it paid $5,000 per year was also pointed out. The Alexandria Library Society signed the new contract, surrendering control of the library in November 1947. In its reduced role, the Society still elected members to the board and received reports from the librarian. It also retained independent funds that could be used for the benefit of the library. With the library now fully the city's responsibility, the membership was also able to more openly advocate for additional funding.","Another longstanding issue at the library was race. The president's 1928 annual report had endorsed becoming a \"free city library,\" but feared that becoming a Carnegie library \"would bring in some elements hitherto unknown and I think undesirable in our Library.\" In the 1930s the library association favored providing segregated facilities, but, after repeated meetings with the city council, failed to achieve even that modest goal. In the 13 March, 1939, minutes, the issue was revisited yet again, but without result.","Four days later on 17 March 1939, Sergeant George Wilson was turned down for a library card because of his race and Samuel Tucker filed a civil rights lawsuit against the librarian on his behalf. Plans for a segregated facility were dusted off, and new staff was hired so that the librarian could focus on the controversy. On 21 August 1939, several black men organized by Tucker entered the library and followed Wilson's example, but after being refused, seated themselves in the library with books, beginning America's first library sit-in. It ended only after the city manager called the police, and all were arrested. The lawsuit was dismissed on technical grounds, but to prevent a new lawsuit the city approved the Robert H. Robinson branch, which opened in 1940. Tucker refused to accept a card there.","A major issue in the early 1950s was the push to expand the overcrowded main library serving the white community. The white librarian at the time, who had been hired in a junior capacity during Tucker's campaign in 1939, suggested to the Society that the expansion could be an opportunity to integrate. In the midst of the debates over expansion and additional funding, an opportunity emerged to purchase a neighboring building on the corner of North Columbus and Queen, which was later demolished. This prompted a discussion about the Alexandria Library Society's connection to the original library company. It was decided to change the name from the \"Alexandria Library Society\" to the \"Alexandria Library Company,\" make the appropriate filings with the state government, and reinstate the 1799 charter, which would be revised by the legislature in the 1980s to help obtain tax-exempt status from the IRS.","This name change was completed at one of the company's most consequential meetings in February 1956. Every member was asked to sign their name in the minute book to signal their assent. A letter from a local civil rights activist questioning the legality of library segregation was also read, but deemed the province of the library board, which referred the matter back to the company whose reply is not preserved.","Member Mangum Weeks thereupon raised the question of the future role of the Library Company, and proposed resuming the tradition of annual lectures dating from the Lyceum period using funds from the newly instituted membership dues. This proposal was adopted, and preparing the annual lectures soon became a major focus of the Company. The Library Company continues to appoint members to the board of the Alexandria Library and hold its annual lecture series. It commissioned a new history of the library by William Seale in 2007, which can be found at the Local History and Special Collections Branch.","Chronological listings for both presidents of the board and librarians up to the modern day.","Presidents of the Library Company and Its Successors\n      \n        February 1794-February 1813\n        Rev. James Muir\n      \n      \n        February 1813-February 1815\n        Hugh Smith\n      \n      \n        February 1815-March 1824\n        John Roberts\n      \n      \n        March 1824-February 1829\n        Hugh Smith\n      \n      \n        February 1829-February 1835\n        John Richards\n      \n      \n        February 1835-February 1840\n        John Roberts\n      \n      \n        February 1840-1852\n        Elias Harrison\n      \n      \n        1852-February 1855\n        J. Louis Kinzer\n      \n      \n        February 1855-September 1858\n        Francis Miller\n      \n      \n        September 1858- February 1859\n        Richard L. Carne\n      \n      \n        February 1859-September 1859\n        Caleb S. Hallowell\n      \n      \n        September 1859-February 1860\n        William G. Cazenove\n      \n      \n        February 1860-February 1870\n        Richard L. Carne\n      \n      \n        February 1870-February 1873\n        K. Kemper\n      \n      \n        February 1873-October 1873\n        Samuel H. Janney\n      \n      \n        October 1873-February 1874\n        Sidney C. Neale\n      \n      \n        February 1874-June 1879\n        Mercer Slaughter\n      \n      \n        September 1897-October 1905\n        Virginia Corse\n      \n      \n        July 1906-June 1925\n        Mrs. Samuel. L. Monroe\n      \n      \n        October 1925-April 1930\n        Loula Smoot\n      \n      \n        April 1930-November 1933\n        Mrs. Henry B. Soule, [Jessie E. Soule]\n      \n      \n        December 1933-December 1934\n        Mary Lloyd\n      \n      \n        December 1934-December 1936\n        Susan Thomson\n      \n      \n        December 1936-November 1937\n        Mrs. Louis Scott\n      \n      \n        November 1937-November 1944\n        Mrs. Curtis Backus\n      \n      \n        November 1944-November 1946\n        Mrs. [Lawrence] Fawcett, [Mary Fawcett]\n      \n      \n        November 1946-November 1947\n        Howard Worth Smith\n      \n      \n        November 1947-October 1948\n        [Miss Anne] Lewis Jones\n      \n      \n        October 1948-October 1949\n        Miss Horne\n      \n      \n        October 1949-October 1950\n        Mr. Stanley King\n      \n      \n        October 1950-December 1951\n        Mr. [Joseph] Crockett\n      \n      \n        December 1951-February 1955\n        Mr. Robert Moncure\n      \n      \n        February 1955-February 1957\n        Dr. [W. Bruce] Silcox\n      \n      \n        February 1957-February 1959\n        Stanley King\n      \n      \n        February 1959-February 1962\n        Mangum Weeks\n      \n      \n        February 1962-February 1963\n        Richard Bales\n      \n      \n        February 1963-February 1965\n        Donald King\n      \n      \n        February 1965-February 1967\n        David Squires\n      \n      \n        February 1967-February 1969\n        Howard Worth Smith Jr.\n      \n      \n        February 1969-February 1971\n        William Francis Smith\n      \n      \n        February 1971-February 1972\n        John T. Ticer\n      \n      \n        February 1972-February 1974\n        David M. Abshire\n      \n      \n        February 1974-February 1976\n        Mrs. Merill Beede\n      \n      \n        February 1976-February 1978\n        Mrs. Douglas Lindsey\n      \n      \n        February 1978-February 1980\n        Clarke T. Cooper Jr.\n      \n      \n        February 1980-February 1982\n        William Seale\n      \n      \n        February 1982-February 1983\n        Denys Peter Myers\n      \n      \n        February 1983-February 1985\n        William B. Hurd\n      \n      \n        February 1985-February 1986\n        George J. Stansfield\n      \n      \n        February 1986-February 1987\n        Dr. Ernest A. Connally\n      \n      \n        February 1987-February 1989\n        Dr. Wilton C. Corkern, Jr.\n      \n      \n        February 1989-March 1991\n        James M. Lewis\n      \n      \n        March 1991-March 1992\n        Mrs. Anne Smith Paul\n      \n      \n        March 1992-March 1993\n        Richard R. G. Hobson\n      \n      \n        March 1993-March 1995\n        Dabney Waring\n      \n      \n        March 1995-March 1997\n        James R. Hobson\n      \n      \n        March 1997-March 1998\n        Robert C. Reed\n      \n      \n        March 1998-March 2000\n        Neil Horstman\n      \n      \n        March 2000-March 2002\n        Carroll Johnson\n      \n      \n        March 2002-March 2003\n        Thomas C. Brown Jr.","Librarians of Alexandria\n      \n        February 1794-February 1796\n        Edward Stabler\n      \n      \n        February 1796-February 1818\n        James Kennedy\n      \n      \n        February 1818-August 1826\n        William Cranch\n      \n      \n        August 1826-October 1829\n        W. Samuel Mark\n      \n      \n        October 1829-March 1845\n        George Drinker\n      \n      \n        March 1845-September 1845\n        James M. Eaches\n      \n      \n        September 1845-September 1852\n        C.F. Stuart\n      \n      \n        September 1852-April 1853\n        H. W. P. Junius\n      \n      \n        September 1852-April 1853\n        L.? Hunter\n      \n      \n        November 1853\n        Office Abolished\n      \n      \n        February 1854-October 1855\n        E. M.[Magruder?] Lowe\n      \n      \n        October 1855-September 1858\n        Norval E. Foard\n      \n      \n        September 1858-February 1859\n        S. Scott\n      \n      \n        February 1859-September 1859\n        Edward R. Roxbury\n      \n      \n        September 1859-February 1860\n        James A. Clarridge\n      \n      \n        February 1860-April 1861\n        Charles R. Burgess (acting)\n      \n      \n        April 1861-Unknown\n        Edwin N. Wise\n      \n      \n        March 1868\n        Wr. Bushby\n      \n      \n        April 1870-May 1871\n        August Henning\n      \n      \n        July 1871-March 1872\n        W. F. Stansbury\n      \n      \n        March 1872-August 1873\n        Emma J. Young\n      \n      \n        October 1873-March 1876\n        Emily English\n      \n      \n        March 1876\n        Position Eliminated\n      \n      \n        June 1879\n        R. Pendleton Bruin (unofficial? acting?)\n      \n      \n        October 1900-October 1903\n        F. Olive Lyons\n      \n      \n        October 1903-April 1937 (continued part-time, mentioned up to 1946)\n        Alice Green\n      \n      \n        April 1937-December 1938\n        Miss Beatrice Workman\n      \n      \n        January 1939-January 1941\n        Katherine Scoggin (later Martyn)\n      \n      \n        February 1941-June 1948\n        Bessie Watson\n      \n      \n        July 1948-June 1969 (hired part-time October 1939, letter of resignation later that month)\n        Ellen C. Burke\n      \n      \n        July 1969-October 1992 (librarian from 1958)\n        Jeanne G. Plitt","A reprocessing project begun in 2018 incorporated several boxes of previously unprocessed materials dating from the 1960s to the 2000s, with the bulk dating from after 1980. They included many short, overlapping sequences of correspondence, lecture, meeting, and member records which were merged into continuations of established series including primarily correspondence and lectures but also meetings and member correspondence. The \"subject files\" were added to the existing miscellaneous series.","Several other changes were also made. A re-examination of the catalog, subscription, and circulation books was undertaken and most were renumbered, described, and relabeled based on primary source research. The 1794-1861 minute book that had been donated back in 1922 was also discovered misfiled in Ms 98 (which covers the library proper since 1937) and was returned to its original collection. Some letters found in minute books were moved to the correspondence series, and their original locations were bookmarked with acid free paper. Photocopies of catalogs were removed.","The Alexandria Library Records (Ms 98) document the library as a separate institution from 1937 onward.","It particularly complements this collection in its early decades through its administrative correspondence, board correspondence, minutes, annual reports, and organizational records, including contracts with the Alexandria Library Society.","The minutes of the library's executive board (1938-1947) are included in the microfilm version of the library minute books 1794-1947.","Transcripts of library company lectures 2-18 are available in the library.","Lecture series : [transcripts of the audiotapes made of the scholars invited to speak at these annual lectures]\n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #2\n        080 LEC 2\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #3\n        080 LEC 3\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #4\n        080 LEC 4\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #5\n        080 LEC 5\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #6\n        080 LEC 6\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #7\n        080 LEC 7\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #8\n        080 LEC 8\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #9\n        080 LEC 9\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #10\n        080 LEC 10\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #11\n        080 LEC 11\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #12\n        080 LEC 12\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #13\n        080 LEC 13\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #14\n        080 LEC 14\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #15\n        080 LEC 15\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #16\n        080 LEC 16\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #17\n        080 LEC 17\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #18\n        080 LEC 18","The collection consists of circulation, subscription, and financial ledgers, annual lecture series documents, catalogues, correspondence, and various organizational documents. Topics include: foundation of the\nAlexandria Library Company, its cycles of growth and decline reflecting the local economy; the formation of the local public library system; and the on-going activities of the Alexandria Library Company, most notably its lecture series.","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)","Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002), 1794/2007"],"collection_ssim":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002), 1794/2007"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS002","/repositories/2/resources/128"],"unitid_tesim":["MS002","/repositories/2/resources/128"],"repository_ssm":["Alexandria Library"],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Libraries -- Subscription Libraries","Lectures and Lecturing","Associations, institutions, etc"],"geogname_ssim":["Libraries -- Subscription Libraries","Lectures and Lecturing","Associations, institutions, etc"],"places_ssim":["Libraries -- Subscription Libraries","Lectures and Lecturing","Associations, institutions, etc"],"creator_ssm":["Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)"],"creator_ssim":["Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)","Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)","Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Public libraries."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Public libraries."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["8.10 Cubic Feet 13 boxes, 2 oversize boxes, 1 record carton"],"extent_tesim":["8.10 Cubic Feet 13 boxes, 2 oversize boxes, 1 record carton"],"date_range_isim":[1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical","Presidents and Librarians of the Library"],"bioghist_tesim":["In the 1780s, a discussion group of Alexandria gentlemen called \"The Society for the Promotion of Useful Knowledge\" was formed. In 1794, many of these same individuals gathered to form the nucleus of the Alexandria Library Company (ALC). The ALC was a subscription library modelled after the Philadelphia Library Company, which had also emerged from such a club.","Society president Reverend John Muir became president of the ALC, a position he would hold for almost 20 years. Many of the library's founders are known to have been members of local Masonic lodges. Elisha Cullen Dick, who had succeeded George Washington as the leader of Lodge 22, was among the first directors of the ALC as well as the secretary of the earlier Society. The first Librarian was Edward Stabler, the proprietor of an apothecary shop. In 1796, Stabler was replaced by James Kennedy, who served as librarian until 1818. Overlaps and family links between the leadership of the library and other Alexandria institutions remained common over the next century and a half.","For a time, the Alexandria Lyceum (founded in 1838) and the ALC shared a physical space as well as similar missions. The Alexandria Lyceum was founded as part of a national movement focused on educational lectures. The union between the two organizations was dissolved in 1844, but the library continued to rent space from the Lyceum. The library was later said to have been in a state of \"suspended animation\" from around 1846 to 1852. In 1852, a \"Young Men's\" group took over under the original charter, publishing a new catalog in 1856. The library continued to operate into the Civil War. It remained in the Lyceum but not without acrimony, which is evident in the Alexandria Gazette in 1860.","In October 1867, an agreement was reached with what was variously referred to as the Alexandria Christian Association and the YMCA for assistance with running the library. The library separated from this organization during the early 1870s. By the second half of the 1870s, the library fell into a decline which the directors blamed on the lack of a published catalog.","The first library catalog had been prepared by Kennedy in 1796 and published sometime thereafter. The earliest catalog of which there is an extant copy was published in 1801, followed by another in 1808 of which there are few traces. A more enduring catalog was created in 1815. The 1830s saw publication of a supplement to the 1815 catalog and the creation of a working catalog that would be used into the late 1840s. Normal circulation records end in April 1861 when the library was converted into a military hospital. There are stray entries in May and December before operations resumed on a limited basis in May 1862 and continued at least through that year. Over a thousand volumes were lost during the war. Due to the decline in usage in the 1870s, a new catalog was produced by librarian Emma J. Young in 1872 but never published. After two years with Young's catalog, another was commissioned from Dr. Theo West, which also went unpublished. As a stopgap, handwritten copies were used by patrons. In 1898, a new catalog was created which utilized a decimal system for the first time. The last published catalog was a supplement to the 1912 version.","In the late 1870s, appeals were made to the men of Alexandria for support,. The directors met with another \"Young Men's Library Association\" in 1878 without success, records of operations stop after January 1880.","The Gazette reported in January 1881 that the books were now in the custody of the school board, whose membership included William F. Carne, a former library company director and the son of one its former presidents. In May 1887 it reported that Carne, as leader of the board's library committee, was inviting associations wishing to participate in re-opening the library to a meeting at the Peabody school building where the books were held, and explained that he had always intended a reading room to be opened to the public once space was freed up for that purpose.","In June 1887, the Gazette reported that the \"Reading Circle of Washington and Lee Schools\" organized by teachers two years prior and the YMCA would operate the free library during the summer, in the hope that in September \"an effort will be made, with a very fair prospect of success, to re-organize the Library Company.\" Gazette reports in 1890 and 1891 refer to continued efforts by Carne and others to \"re-open\" the library, and in 1892 being part of a \"committee on the project for a free public library,\" but they did not succeed.","In the decades after 1870s librarianship not only professionalized but underwent a rapid gender shift, and apart from the periods in which there was no librarian for financial reasons, no male librarians seem to have been employed until well into the 20th century. Women's library organizations had become common nationally, and along with the philanthropy of Andrew Carnegie played a major role in the growth of public libraries in America starting in the late 19th century.","In September 1897, the Alexandria Library Association led by Virginia Corse received custody of the books then in possession of the school board. With a modest donation from Carnegie, by 1898 the library was back in business, but as a subscription library, it would not become a free public library for almost 40 years. The new library needed a new librarian, and after one or two initial hires, the association found Alice Green (1865-1956), who would serve from 1902-1937 and in a lesser capacity into the mid-1940s. During this period, space for the library was rented from the United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC).","The Depression brought financial hardship. As the crisis worsened in early 1931, the association had obtained $1,000 from the city council to form \"a nucleus for the establishment of a public library.\" Discussion of becoming a public library had been common since the 1920s, as the efforts of Carnegie and others had made them the norm nationally. Attempts were made to sell older books and hold fundraisers as subscription fees dried up. There was also a dispute with the UDC over a rent increase in 1933. The library was aided by the wealth of its members, including a $5,000 bequest in 1935 from its long-time treasurer, Margaret L. Smoot.","Members built political support both on the council and among the public in the mid-1930s and in 1937 it was agreed that a building would be constructed on the site of the old cemetery of the Society of Friends and that the city government would cover annual expenses of no more than $5,000 for the association to operate a free library. One member of the board would be appointed by the city. The new governing organization was rebranded the Alexandria Library Society.  Agreements were signed in January, and the library opened at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch's current location, 717 Queen Street.","Another change after 1937 was the gender composition of the leadership. Men served on the board of the new Society and played prominent roles after 1937. After 1948 they typically occupied the presidency of the organization. Most elections were unanimous, often with women casting most of the votes, but it ceased to be a women's organization.","In 1945 a technicality in the Society's contract with the city was brought to the attention of the board. Namely that the $5,000 the city was obligated to provide each year was not the minimum but rather the maximum contribution, and that the higher appropriations it had been making were illegal. The city took this as an opportunity to demand a contract change beyond the funding formula. Although the men of the city council had representation on the board, the women of the Society were still ultimately running the library, and the Society was asked to allow a majority of the executive board to be appointed by the city, and a minority by the Society. That the city legally \"owned the building and all its contents\" so long as it paid $5,000 per year was also pointed out. The Alexandria Library Society signed the new contract, surrendering control of the library in November 1947. In its reduced role, the Society still elected members to the board and received reports from the librarian. It also retained independent funds that could be used for the benefit of the library. With the library now fully the city's responsibility, the membership was also able to more openly advocate for additional funding.","Another longstanding issue at the library was race. The president's 1928 annual report had endorsed becoming a \"free city library,\" but feared that becoming a Carnegie library \"would bring in some elements hitherto unknown and I think undesirable in our Library.\" In the 1930s the library association favored providing segregated facilities, but, after repeated meetings with the city council, failed to achieve even that modest goal. In the 13 March, 1939, minutes, the issue was revisited yet again, but without result.","Four days later on 17 March 1939, Sergeant George Wilson was turned down for a library card because of his race and Samuel Tucker filed a civil rights lawsuit against the librarian on his behalf. Plans for a segregated facility were dusted off, and new staff was hired so that the librarian could focus on the controversy. On 21 August 1939, several black men organized by Tucker entered the library and followed Wilson's example, but after being refused, seated themselves in the library with books, beginning America's first library sit-in. It ended only after the city manager called the police, and all were arrested. The lawsuit was dismissed on technical grounds, but to prevent a new lawsuit the city approved the Robert H. Robinson branch, which opened in 1940. Tucker refused to accept a card there.","A major issue in the early 1950s was the push to expand the overcrowded main library serving the white community. The white librarian at the time, who had been hired in a junior capacity during Tucker's campaign in 1939, suggested to the Society that the expansion could be an opportunity to integrate. In the midst of the debates over expansion and additional funding, an opportunity emerged to purchase a neighboring building on the corner of North Columbus and Queen, which was later demolished. This prompted a discussion about the Alexandria Library Society's connection to the original library company. It was decided to change the name from the \"Alexandria Library Society\" to the \"Alexandria Library Company,\" make the appropriate filings with the state government, and reinstate the 1799 charter, which would be revised by the legislature in the 1980s to help obtain tax-exempt status from the IRS.","This name change was completed at one of the company's most consequential meetings in February 1956. Every member was asked to sign their name in the minute book to signal their assent. A letter from a local civil rights activist questioning the legality of library segregation was also read, but deemed the province of the library board, which referred the matter back to the company whose reply is not preserved.","Member Mangum Weeks thereupon raised the question of the future role of the Library Company, and proposed resuming the tradition of annual lectures dating from the Lyceum period using funds from the newly instituted membership dues. This proposal was adopted, and preparing the annual lectures soon became a major focus of the Company. The Library Company continues to appoint members to the board of the Alexandria Library and hold its annual lecture series. It commissioned a new history of the library by William Seale in 2007, which can be found at the Local History and Special Collections Branch.","Chronological listings for both presidents of the board and librarians up to the modern day.","Presidents of the Library Company and Its Successors\n      \n        February 1794-February 1813\n        Rev. James Muir\n      \n      \n        February 1813-February 1815\n        Hugh Smith\n      \n      \n        February 1815-March 1824\n        John Roberts\n      \n      \n        March 1824-February 1829\n        Hugh Smith\n      \n      \n        February 1829-February 1835\n        John Richards\n      \n      \n        February 1835-February 1840\n        John Roberts\n      \n      \n        February 1840-1852\n        Elias Harrison\n      \n      \n        1852-February 1855\n        J. Louis Kinzer\n      \n      \n        February 1855-September 1858\n        Francis Miller\n      \n      \n        September 1858- February 1859\n        Richard L. Carne\n      \n      \n        February 1859-September 1859\n        Caleb S. Hallowell\n      \n      \n        September 1859-February 1860\n        William G. Cazenove\n      \n      \n        February 1860-February 1870\n        Richard L. Carne\n      \n      \n        February 1870-February 1873\n        K. Kemper\n      \n      \n        February 1873-October 1873\n        Samuel H. Janney\n      \n      \n        October 1873-February 1874\n        Sidney C. Neale\n      \n      \n        February 1874-June 1879\n        Mercer Slaughter\n      \n      \n        September 1897-October 1905\n        Virginia Corse\n      \n      \n        July 1906-June 1925\n        Mrs. Samuel. L. Monroe\n      \n      \n        October 1925-April 1930\n        Loula Smoot\n      \n      \n        April 1930-November 1933\n        Mrs. Henry B. Soule, [Jessie E. Soule]\n      \n      \n        December 1933-December 1934\n        Mary Lloyd\n      \n      \n        December 1934-December 1936\n        Susan Thomson\n      \n      \n        December 1936-November 1937\n        Mrs. Louis Scott\n      \n      \n        November 1937-November 1944\n        Mrs. Curtis Backus\n      \n      \n        November 1944-November 1946\n        Mrs. [Lawrence] Fawcett, [Mary Fawcett]\n      \n      \n        November 1946-November 1947\n        Howard Worth Smith\n      \n      \n        November 1947-October 1948\n        [Miss Anne] Lewis Jones\n      \n      \n        October 1948-October 1949\n        Miss Horne\n      \n      \n        October 1949-October 1950\n        Mr. Stanley King\n      \n      \n        October 1950-December 1951\n        Mr. [Joseph] Crockett\n      \n      \n        December 1951-February 1955\n        Mr. Robert Moncure\n      \n      \n        February 1955-February 1957\n        Dr. [W. Bruce] Silcox\n      \n      \n        February 1957-February 1959\n        Stanley King\n      \n      \n        February 1959-February 1962\n        Mangum Weeks\n      \n      \n        February 1962-February 1963\n        Richard Bales\n      \n      \n        February 1963-February 1965\n        Donald King\n      \n      \n        February 1965-February 1967\n        David Squires\n      \n      \n        February 1967-February 1969\n        Howard Worth Smith Jr.\n      \n      \n        February 1969-February 1971\n        William Francis Smith\n      \n      \n        February 1971-February 1972\n        John T. Ticer\n      \n      \n        February 1972-February 1974\n        David M. Abshire\n      \n      \n        February 1974-February 1976\n        Mrs. Merill Beede\n      \n      \n        February 1976-February 1978\n        Mrs. Douglas Lindsey\n      \n      \n        February 1978-February 1980\n        Clarke T. Cooper Jr.\n      \n      \n        February 1980-February 1982\n        William Seale\n      \n      \n        February 1982-February 1983\n        Denys Peter Myers\n      \n      \n        February 1983-February 1985\n        William B. Hurd\n      \n      \n        February 1985-February 1986\n        George J. Stansfield\n      \n      \n        February 1986-February 1987\n        Dr. Ernest A. Connally\n      \n      \n        February 1987-February 1989\n        Dr. Wilton C. Corkern, Jr.\n      \n      \n        February 1989-March 1991\n        James M. Lewis\n      \n      \n        March 1991-March 1992\n        Mrs. Anne Smith Paul\n      \n      \n        March 1992-March 1993\n        Richard R. G. Hobson\n      \n      \n        March 1993-March 1995\n        Dabney Waring\n      \n      \n        March 1995-March 1997\n        James R. Hobson\n      \n      \n        March 1997-March 1998\n        Robert C. Reed\n      \n      \n        March 1998-March 2000\n        Neil Horstman\n      \n      \n        March 2000-March 2002\n        Carroll Johnson\n      \n      \n        March 2002-March 2003\n        Thomas C. Brown Jr.","Librarians of Alexandria\n      \n        February 1794-February 1796\n        Edward Stabler\n      \n      \n        February 1796-February 1818\n        James Kennedy\n      \n      \n        February 1818-August 1826\n        William Cranch\n      \n      \n        August 1826-October 1829\n        W. Samuel Mark\n      \n      \n        October 1829-March 1845\n        George Drinker\n      \n      \n        March 1845-September 1845\n        James M. Eaches\n      \n      \n        September 1845-September 1852\n        C.F. Stuart\n      \n      \n        September 1852-April 1853\n        H. W. P. Junius\n      \n      \n        September 1852-April 1853\n        L.? Hunter\n      \n      \n        November 1853\n        Office Abolished\n      \n      \n        February 1854-October 1855\n        E. M.[Magruder?] Lowe\n      \n      \n        October 1855-September 1858\n        Norval E. Foard\n      \n      \n        September 1858-February 1859\n        S. Scott\n      \n      \n        February 1859-September 1859\n        Edward R. Roxbury\n      \n      \n        September 1859-February 1860\n        James A. Clarridge\n      \n      \n        February 1860-April 1861\n        Charles R. Burgess (acting)\n      \n      \n        April 1861-Unknown\n        Edwin N. Wise\n      \n      \n        March 1868\n        Wr. Bushby\n      \n      \n        April 1870-May 1871\n        August Henning\n      \n      \n        July 1871-March 1872\n        W. F. Stansbury\n      \n      \n        March 1872-August 1873\n        Emma J. Young\n      \n      \n        October 1873-March 1876\n        Emily English\n      \n      \n        March 1876\n        Position Eliminated\n      \n      \n        June 1879\n        R. Pendleton Bruin (unofficial? acting?)\n      \n      \n        October 1900-October 1903\n        F. Olive Lyons\n      \n      \n        October 1903-April 1937 (continued part-time, mentioned up to 1946)\n        Alice Green\n      \n      \n        April 1937-December 1938\n        Miss Beatrice Workman\n      \n      \n        January 1939-January 1941\n        Katherine Scoggin (later Martyn)\n      \n      \n        February 1941-June 1948\n        Bessie Watson\n      \n      \n        July 1948-June 1969 (hired part-time October 1939, letter of resignation later that month)\n        Ellen C. Burke\n      \n      \n        July 1969-October 1992 (librarian from 1958)\n        Jeanne G. Plitt"],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|7a4491fe-5b8d-43e9-aa46-69ecce4c0734/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Digital Materials"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["Click to view digital materials in this collection"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Item], Alexandria Library Company Records, MS002, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Item], Alexandria Library Company Records, MS002, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA reprocessing project begun in 2018 incorporated several boxes of previously unprocessed materials dating from the 1960s to the 2000s, with the bulk dating from after 1980. They included many short, overlapping sequences of correspondence, lecture, meeting, and member records which were merged into continuations of established series including primarily correspondence and lectures but also meetings and member correspondence. The \"subject files\" were added to the existing miscellaneous series. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nSeveral other changes were also made. A re-examination of the catalog, subscription, and circulation books was undertaken and most were renumbered, described, and relabeled based on primary source research. The 1794-1861 minute book that had been donated back in 1922 was also discovered misfiled in Ms 98 (which covers the library proper since 1937) and was returned to its original collection. Some letters found in minute books were moved to the correspondence series, and their original locations were bookmarked with acid free paper. Photocopies of catalogs were removed. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["A reprocessing project begun in 2018 incorporated several boxes of previously unprocessed materials dating from the 1960s to the 2000s, with the bulk dating from after 1980. They included many short, overlapping sequences of correspondence, lecture, meeting, and member records which were merged into continuations of established series including primarily correspondence and lectures but also meetings and member correspondence. The \"subject files\" were added to the existing miscellaneous series.","Several other changes were also made. A re-examination of the catalog, subscription, and circulation books was undertaken and most were renumbered, described, and relabeled based on primary source research. The 1794-1861 minute book that had been donated back in 1922 was also discovered misfiled in Ms 98 (which covers the library proper since 1937) and was returned to its original collection. Some letters found in minute books were moved to the correspondence series, and their original locations were bookmarked with acid free paper. Photocopies of catalogs were removed."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Alexandria Library Records (Ms 98) document the library as a separate institution from 1937 onward.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nIt particularly complements this collection in its early decades through its administrative correspondence, board correspondence, minutes, annual reports, and organizational records, including contracts with the Alexandria Library Society.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe minutes of the library's executive board (1938-1947) are included in the microfilm version of the library minute books 1794-1947.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTranscripts of library company lectures 2-18 are available in the library.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eLecture series : [transcripts of the audiotapes made of the scholars invited to speak at these annual lectures]\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #2\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 2\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #3\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 3\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #4\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 4\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #5\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 5\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #6\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 6\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #7\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 7\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #8\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 8\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #9\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 9\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #10\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 10\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #11\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 11\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #12\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 12\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #13\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 13\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #14\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 14\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #15\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 15\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #16\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 16\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #17\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 17\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #18\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 18\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Alexandria Library Records (Ms 98) document the library as a separate institution from 1937 onward.","It particularly complements this collection in its early decades through its administrative correspondence, board correspondence, minutes, annual reports, and organizational records, including contracts with the Alexandria Library Society.","The minutes of the library's executive board (1938-1947) are included in the microfilm version of the library minute books 1794-1947.","Transcripts of library company lectures 2-18 are available in the library.","Lecture series : [transcripts of the audiotapes made of the scholars invited to speak at these annual lectures]\n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #2\n        080 LEC 2\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #3\n        080 LEC 3\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #4\n        080 LEC 4\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #5\n        080 LEC 5\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #6\n        080 LEC 6\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #7\n        080 LEC 7\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #8\n        080 LEC 8\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #9\n        080 LEC 9\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #10\n        080 LEC 10\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #11\n        080 LEC 11\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #12\n        080 LEC 12\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #13\n        080 LEC 13\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #14\n        080 LEC 14\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #15\n        080 LEC 15\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #16\n        080 LEC 16\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #17\n        080 LEC 17\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #18\n        080 LEC 18"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of circulation, subscription, and financial ledgers, annual lecture series documents, catalogues, correspondence, and various organizational documents. Topics include: foundation of the\nAlexandria Library Company, its cycles of growth and decline reflecting the local economy; the formation of the local public library system; and the on-going activities of the Alexandria Library Company, most notably its lecture series.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of circulation, subscription, and financial ledgers, annual lecture series documents, catalogues, correspondence, and various organizational documents. Topics include: foundation of the\nAlexandria Library Company, its cycles of growth and decline reflecting the local economy; the formation of the local public library system; and the on-going activities of the Alexandria Library Company, most notably its lecture series."],"corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)","Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)"],"names_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)","Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":147,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:21:50.422Z","bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn the 1780s, a discussion group of Alexandria gentlemen called \"The Society for the Promotion of Useful Knowledge\" was formed. In 1794, many of these same individuals gathered to form the nucleus of the Alexandria Library Company (ALC). The ALC was a subscription library modelled after the Philadelphia Library Company, which had also emerged from such a club. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSociety president Reverend John Muir became president of the ALC, a position he would hold for almost 20 years. Many of the library's founders are known to have been members of local Masonic lodges. Elisha Cullen Dick, who had succeeded George Washington as the leader of Lodge 22, was among the first directors of the ALC as well as the secretary of the earlier Society. The first Librarian was Edward Stabler, the proprietor of an apothecary shop. In 1796, Stabler was replaced by James Kennedy, who served as librarian until 1818. Overlaps and family links between the leadership of the library and other Alexandria institutions remained common over the next century and a half. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor a time, the Alexandria Lyceum (founded in 1838) and the ALC shared a physical space as well as similar missions. The Alexandria Lyceum was founded as part of a national movement focused on educational lectures. The union between the two organizations was dissolved in 1844, but the library continued to rent space from the Lyceum. The library was later said to have been in a state of \"suspended animation\" from around 1846 to 1852. In 1852, a \"Young Men's\" group took over under the original charter, publishing a new catalog in 1856. The library continued to operate into the Civil War. It remained in the Lyceum but not without acrimony, which is evident in the Alexandria Gazette in 1860. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn October 1867, an agreement was reached with what was variously referred to as the Alexandria Christian Association and the YMCA for assistance with running the library. The library separated from this organization during the early 1870s. By the second half of the 1870s, the library fell into a decline which the directors blamed on the lack of a published catalog. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe first library catalog had been prepared by Kennedy in 1796 and published sometime thereafter. The earliest catalog of which there is an extant copy was published in 1801, followed by another in 1808 of which there are few traces. A more enduring catalog was created in 1815. The 1830s saw publication of a supplement to the 1815 catalog and the creation of a working catalog that would be used into the late 1840s. Normal circulation records end in April 1861 when the library was converted into a military hospital. There are stray entries in May and December before operations resumed on a limited basis in May 1862 and continued at least through that year. Over a thousand volumes were lost during the war. Due to the decline in usage in the 1870s, a new catalog was produced by librarian Emma J. Young in 1872 but never published. After two years with Young's catalog, another was commissioned from Dr. Theo West, which also went unpublished. As a stopgap, handwritten copies were used by patrons. In 1898, a new catalog was created which utilized a decimal system for the first time. The last published catalog was a supplement to the 1912 version. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the late 1870s, appeals were made to the men of Alexandria for support,. The directors met with another \"Young Men's Library Association\" in 1878 without success, records of operations stop after January 1880.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Gazette reported in January 1881 that the books were now in the custody of the school board, whose membership included William F. Carne, a former library company director and the son of one its former presidents. In May 1887 it reported that Carne, as leader of the board's library committee, was inviting associations wishing to participate in re-opening the library to a meeting at the Peabody school building where the books were held, and explained that he had always intended a reading room to be opened to the public once space was freed up for that purpose.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn June 1887, the Gazette reported that the \"Reading Circle of Washington and Lee Schools\" organized by teachers two years prior and the YMCA would operate the free library during the summer, in the hope that in September \"an effort will be made, with a very fair prospect of success, to re-organize the Library Company.\" Gazette reports in 1890 and 1891 refer to continued efforts by Carne and others to \"re-open\" the library, and in 1892 being part of a \"committee on the project for a free public library,\" but they did not succeed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the decades after 1870s librarianship not only professionalized but underwent a rapid gender shift, and apart from the periods in which there was no librarian for financial reasons, no male librarians seem to have been employed until well into the 20th century. Women's library organizations had become common nationally, and along with the philanthropy of Andrew Carnegie played a major role in the growth of public libraries in America starting in the late 19th century.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn September 1897, the Alexandria Library Association led by Virginia Corse received custody of the books then in possession of the school board. With a modest donation from Carnegie, by 1898 the library was back in business, but as a subscription library, it would not become a free public library for almost 40 years. The new library needed a new librarian, and after one or two initial hires, the association found Alice Green (1865-1956), who would serve from 1902-1937 and in a lesser capacity into the mid-1940s. During this period, space for the library was rented from the United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Depression brought financial hardship. As the crisis worsened in early 1931, the association had obtained $1,000 from the city council to form \"a nucleus for the establishment of a public library.\" Discussion of becoming a public library had been common since the 1920s, as the efforts of Carnegie and others had made them the norm nationally. Attempts were made to sell older books and hold fundraisers as subscription fees dried up. There was also a dispute with the UDC over a rent increase in 1933. The library was aided by the wealth of its members, including a $5,000 bequest in 1935 from its long-time treasurer, Margaret L. Smoot.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMembers built political support both on the council and among the public in the mid-1930s and in 1937 it was agreed that a building would be constructed on the site of the old cemetery of the Society of Friends and that the city government would cover annual expenses of no more than $5,000 for the association to operate a free library. One member of the board would be appointed by the city. The new governing organization was rebranded the Alexandria Library Society.  Agreements were signed in January, and the library opened at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch's current location, 717 Queen Street.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAnother change after 1937 was the gender composition of the leadership. Men served on the board of the new Society and played prominent roles after 1937. After 1948 they typically occupied the presidency of the organization. Most elections were unanimous, often with women casting most of the votes, but it ceased to be a women's organization. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1945 a technicality in the Society's contract with the city was brought to the attention of the board. Namely that the $5,000 the city was obligated to provide each year was not the minimum but rather the maximum contribution, and that the higher appropriations it had been making were illegal. The city took this as an opportunity to demand a contract change beyond the funding formula. Although the men of the city council had representation on the board, the women of the Society were still ultimately running the library, and the Society was asked to allow a majority of the executive board to be appointed by the city, and a minority by the Society. That the city legally \"owned the building and all its contents\" so long as it paid $5,000 per year was also pointed out. The Alexandria Library Society signed the new contract, surrendering control of the library in November 1947. In its reduced role, the Society still elected members to the board and received reports from the librarian. It also retained independent funds that could be used for the benefit of the library. With the library now fully the city's responsibility, the membership was also able to more openly advocate for additional funding.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAnother longstanding issue at the library was race. The president's 1928 annual report had endorsed becoming a \"free city library,\" but feared that becoming a Carnegie library \"would bring in some elements hitherto unknown and I think undesirable in our Library.\" In the 1930s the library association favored providing segregated facilities, but, after repeated meetings with the city council, failed to achieve even that modest goal. In the 13 March, 1939, minutes, the issue was revisited yet again, but without result. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFour days later on 17 March 1939, Sergeant George Wilson was turned down for a library card because of his race and Samuel Tucker filed a civil rights lawsuit against the librarian on his behalf. Plans for a segregated facility were dusted off, and new staff was hired so that the librarian could focus on the controversy. On 21 August 1939, several black men organized by Tucker entered the library and followed Wilson's example, but after being refused, seated themselves in the library with books, beginning America's first library sit-in. It ended only after the city manager called the police, and all were arrested. The lawsuit was dismissed on technical grounds, but to prevent a new lawsuit the city approved the Robert H. Robinson branch, which opened in 1940. Tucker refused to accept a card there. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA major issue in the early 1950s was the push to expand the overcrowded main library serving the white community. The white librarian at the time, who had been hired in a junior capacity during Tucker's campaign in 1939, suggested to the Society that the expansion could be an opportunity to integrate. In the midst of the debates over expansion and additional funding, an opportunity emerged to purchase a neighboring building on the corner of North Columbus and Queen, which was later demolished. This prompted a discussion about the Alexandria Library Society's connection to the original library company. It was decided to change the name from the \"Alexandria Library Society\" to the \"Alexandria Library Company,\" make the appropriate filings with the state government, and reinstate the 1799 charter, which would be revised by the legislature in the 1980s to help obtain tax-exempt status from the IRS.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis name change was completed at one of the company's most consequential meetings in February 1956. Every member was asked to sign their name in the minute book to signal their assent. A letter from a local civil rights activist questioning the legality of library segregation was also read, but deemed the province of the library board, which referred the matter back to the company whose reply is not preserved.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMember Mangum Weeks thereupon raised the question of the future role of the Library Company, and proposed resuming the tradition of annual lectures dating from the Lyceum period using funds from the newly instituted membership dues. This proposal was adopted, and preparing the annual lectures soon became a major focus of the Company. The Library Company continues to appoint members to the board of the Alexandria Library and hold its annual lecture series. It commissioned a new history of the library by William Seale in 2007, which can be found at the Local History and Special Collections Branch.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eChronological listings for both presidents of the board and librarians up to the modern day.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003ePresidents of the Library Company and Its Successors\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1794-February 1813\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eRev. James Muir\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1813-February 1815\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eHugh Smith\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1815-March 1824\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJohn Roberts\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1824-February 1829\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eHugh Smith\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1829-February 1835\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJohn Richards\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1835-February 1840\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJohn Roberts\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1840-1852\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eElias Harrison\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003e1852-February 1855\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJ. Louis Kinzer\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1855-September 1858\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eFrancis Miller\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1858- February 1859\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eRichard L. Carne\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1859-September 1859\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eCaleb S. Hallowell\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1859-February 1860\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWilliam G. Cazenove\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1860-February 1870\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eRichard L. Carne\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1870-February 1873\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eK. Kemper\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1873-October 1873\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSamuel H. Janney\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1873-February 1874\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSidney C. Neale\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1874-June 1879\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMercer Slaughter\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1897-October 1905\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eVirginia Corse\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eJuly 1906-June 1925\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Samuel. L. Monroe\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1925-April 1930\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eLoula Smoot\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eApril 1930-November 1933\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Henry B. Soule, [Jessie E. Soule]\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eDecember 1933-December 1934\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMary Lloyd\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eDecember 1934-December 1936\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSusan Thomson\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eDecember 1936-November 1937\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Louis Scott\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eNovember 1937-November 1944\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Curtis Backus\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eNovember 1944-November 1946\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. [Lawrence] Fawcett, [Mary Fawcett]\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eNovember 1946-November 1947\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eHoward Worth Smith\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eNovember 1947-October 1948\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e[Miss Anne] Lewis Jones\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1948-October 1949\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMiss Horne\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1949-October 1950\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMr. Stanley King\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1950-December 1951\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMr. [Joseph] Crockett\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eDecember 1951-February 1955\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMr. Robert Moncure\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1955-February 1957\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDr. [W. Bruce] Silcox\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1957-February 1959\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eStanley King\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1959-February 1962\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMangum Weeks\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1962-February 1963\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eRichard Bales\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1963-February 1965\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDonald King\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1965-February 1967\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDavid Squires\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1967-February 1969\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eHoward Worth Smith Jr.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1969-February 1971\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWilliam Francis Smith\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1971-February 1972\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJohn T. Ticer\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1972-February 1974\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDavid M. Abshire\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1974-February 1976\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Merill Beede\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1976-February 1978\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Douglas Lindsey\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1978-February 1980\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eClarke T. Cooper Jr.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1980-February 1982\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWilliam Seale\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1982-February 1983\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDenys Peter Myers\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1983-February 1985\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWilliam B. Hurd\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1985-February 1986\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eGeorge J. Stansfield\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1986-February 1987\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDr. Ernest A. Connally\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1987-February 1989\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDr. Wilton C. Corkern, Jr.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1989-March 1991\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJames M. Lewis\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1991-March 1992\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Anne Smith Paul\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1992-March 1993\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eRichard R. G. Hobson\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1993-March 1995\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDabney Waring\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1995-March 1997\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJames R. Hobson\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1997-March 1998\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eRobert C. Reed\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1998-March 2000\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eNeil Horstman\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 2000-March 2002\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eCarroll Johnson\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 2002-March 2003\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eThomas C. Brown Jr.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n    ","\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eLibrarians of Alexandria\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1794-February 1796\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eEdward Stabler\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1796-February 1818\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJames Kennedy\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1818-August 1826\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWilliam Cranch\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAugust 1826-October 1829\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eW. Samuel Mark\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1829-March 1845\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eGeorge Drinker\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1845-September 1845\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJames M. Eaches\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1845-September 1852\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eC.F. Stuart\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1852-April 1853\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eH. W. P. Junius\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1852-April 1853\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eL.? Hunter\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eNovember 1853\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eOffice Abolished\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1854-October 1855\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eE. M.[Magruder?] Lowe\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1855-September 1858\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eNorval E. Foard\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1858-February 1859\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eS. Scott\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1859-September 1859\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eEdward R. Roxbury\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1859-February 1860\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJames A. Clarridge\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1860-April 1861\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eCharles R. Burgess (acting)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eApril 1861-Unknown\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eEdwin N. Wise\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1868\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWr. Bushby\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eApril 1870-May 1871\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eAugust Henning\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eJuly 1871-March 1872\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eW. F. Stansbury\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1872-August 1873\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eEmma J. Young\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1873-March 1876\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eEmily English\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1876\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003ePosition Eliminated\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eJune 1879\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eR. Pendleton Bruin (unofficial? acting?)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1900-October 1903\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eF. Olive Lyons\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1903-April 1937 (continued part-time, mentioned up to 1946)\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eAlice Green\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eApril 1937-December 1938\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMiss Beatrice Workman\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eJanuary 1939-January 1941\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eKatherine Scoggin (later Martyn)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1941-June 1948\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eBessie Watson\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eJuly 1948-June 1969 (hired part-time October 1939, letter of resignation later that month)\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eEllen C. Burke\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eJuly 1969-October 1992 (librarian from 1958)\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJeanne G. Plitt\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "]}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128"}},{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_116_c08_c09","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Alexandria Maps, Prints, and Photocopies, 1745/1952","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_116_c08_c09#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_116_c08_c09","ref_ssm":["vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_116_c08_c09"],"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_116_c08_c09","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_116","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_116","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_116_c08","parent_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_116_c08","parent_ssim":["Ethelyn Cox Collection (MS287), 1956/1980","Series VIII: Maps and Oversize Papers"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_116","vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_116_c08"],"title_filing_ssi":"Alexandria Maps, Prints, and Photocopies","title_ssm":["Alexandria Maps, Prints, and Photocopies"],"title_tesim":["Alexandria Maps, Prints, and Photocopies"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alexandria Maps, Prints, and Photocopies, 1745/1952"],"text":["Alexandria Maps, Prints, and Photocopies, 1745/1952","Ethelyn Cox Collection (MS287), 1956/1980","Series VIII: Maps and Oversize Papers","box 51","folder 9"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Ethelyn Cox Collection (MS287), 1956/1980","Series VIII: Maps and Oversize Papers"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Ethelyn Cox Collection (MS287), 1956/1980","Series VIII: Maps and Oversize Papers"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1745/1952"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1745 - 1952"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":485,"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"collection_ssim":["Ethelyn Cox Collection (MS287), 1956/1980"],"containers_ssim":["box 51","folder 9"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"date_range_isim":[1745,1746,1747,1748,1749,1750,1751,1752,1753,1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952],"_nest_path_":"/components#7/components#8","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:21:50.422Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_116","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_116","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_116","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_116","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ALEX/repositories_2_resources_116.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://alexlibraryva.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/116","title_ssm":["Ethelyn Cox Collection (MS287)"],"title_tesim":["Ethelyn Cox Collection (MS287)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1956 - 1980"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1956 - 1980"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1956/1980"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Ethelyn Cox Collection (MS287), 1956/1980"],"text":["Ethelyn Cox Collection (MS287), 1956/1980","MS287","Alexandria (Va.) -- History","Historic Alexandria Foundation","Historic buildings -- Virginia -- Alexandria -- Conservation and restoration.","Historic districts -- Conservation and restoration -- United States.","Historic districts -- Virginia -- Alexandria","Houses -- Virginia -- Alexandria.","Architecture -- Virginia -- Alexandria.","The series are arranged as dictated by Ethelyn Cox's activities.\nSeries I - Street by Street -- These research files are arranged by street in alphabetical order. For north/south streets, the files are arranged north 100, 200, etc., then south 100, and so on. If there are separate files for east and west sides of the block, the east side is first followed by the west side. For east/west streets, the files start at the river and go west in numerical order by block. If there are separate files for the north and south side of a block, the north side comes before the south side. Particular establishments, may have their own file interfiled with the block of their street address, for instance Gadsby's Tavern is filed, Royal North 100 - Gadsby's Tavern.\nSeries II - Subject and Names -- These research files are arranged alphabetically and deal with general subjects not associated with a particular street address or associated with multiple addresses.\nSeries III - Publications -- This includes manuscripts and correspondence associated with specific publications. A large portion of this series is devoted to \"Street by Street\" including the press ready text.\nSeries IV - Organizations and Associations -- This series contains Historic Alexandria Foundation papers and files on other organizations Mrs. Cox was associated with.\nSeries V - Books and Pamphlets -- This series contains published materials primarily on Alexandria history or historic homes and preservation issues.\nSeries VI - Research Files -- These research files contain notes and papers of general Alexandria interest, not directly related to a specific publication. Included are index card files of notes.\nSeries VII - Scrapbooks -- Large, heavy, oversized scrapbooks filled with news clippings from local newspapers on various subjects.\nSeries VIII - Maps and Oversized Papers -- Alexandria City maps and other large documents.\nSeries IX - Photographs -- 3 boxes of photos of houses in Old Town Alexandria, arranged by street address.","Ethelyn Cox (1909-1988) was an Alexandria Local Historian and Author. Known as a \"meticulous but unassuming scholar,\" she contributed greatly to our knowledge of Alexandria's history. Her major publication, Historic Alexandria Virginia Street by Street is still one of the most authoritative books on historic houses, and popular as well.\nMrs. Cox moved to Alexandria in 1935. She became interested in Alexandria history in 1948 when she and her husband, Hugh, purchased their home at 210 Prince Street. 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If there are separate files for the north and south side of a block, the north side comes before the south side. Particular establishments, may have their own file interfiled with the block of their street address, for instance Gadsby's Tavern is filed, Royal North 100 - Gadsby's Tavern.\nSeries II - Subject and Names -- These research files are arranged alphabetically and deal with general subjects not associated with a particular street address or associated with multiple addresses.\nSeries III - Publications -- This includes manuscripts and correspondence associated with specific publications. 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One of her early projects was serving on the Alexandria Association committee which produced the catalog for\nthe 1956 exhibit Our Town. She was a founding member of Historic Alexandria Foundation and served for many years as a board member, secretary, president, and chairman of various committees. Through her association with HAF, she was involved very extensively in restoration and preservation efforts in Old Town Alexandria. In 1980 Mrs. Cox received the Alexandria Association's Individual Award of Merit.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Ethelyn Cox (1909-1988) was an Alexandria Local Historian and Author. Known as a \"meticulous but unassuming scholar,\" she contributed greatly to our knowledge of Alexandria's history. Her major publication, Historic Alexandria Virginia Street by Street is still one of the most authoritative books on historic houses, and popular as well.\nMrs. Cox moved to Alexandria in 1935. She became interested in Alexandria history in 1948 when she and her husband, Hugh, purchased their home at 210 Prince Street. One of her early projects was serving on the Alexandria Association committee which produced the catalog for\nthe 1956 exhibit Our Town. She was a founding member of Historic Alexandria Foundation and served for many years as a board member, secretary, president, and chairman of various committees. Through her association with HAF, she was involved very extensively in restoration and preservation efforts in Old Town Alexandria. In 1980 Mrs. Cox received the Alexandria Association's Individual Award of Merit."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[item identification], Ethelyn Cox Collection, MS287, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[item identification], Ethelyn Cox Collection, MS287, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cextref href=\"https://alexlibraryva.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/53\" show=\"new\" actuate=\"onrequest\"\u003eHistoric Alexandria Foundation Records (MS070)\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Historic Alexandria Foundation Records (MS070)"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of Mrs. Cox's research files and manuscripts, as well as papers from her membership in HAF. 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Also in the collection are manuscripts and notes of several projects that Mrs. Cox\nassisted on, and pamphlets related to Alexandria History or Historic Preservation and\nRestoration."],"corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library"],"persname_ssim":["Cox, Ethelyn, 1908-1988"],"names_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Cox, Ethelyn, 1908-1988"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":528,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:21:50.422Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_116_c08_c09"}},{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_158","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Alexandria Scrapbook Collection (MS003), 1830/1893","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_158#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of 2 books that have been converted to scrapbooks by gluing playbills, poems, articles, drawings, and religious materials onto the pages. The scrapbook in folder 1 contains religious articles, poetry, and images pasted into a book on agricultural reports. The scrapbook in folder 2 contains playbills and concert programs from the National Theater, Ford's Opera House, the Alexandria Musical Association, the Vocal Society of the Assembly Presbyterian Church, etc.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_158#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_158","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_158","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_158","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_158","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ALEX/repositories_2_resources_158.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://alexlibraryva.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/158","title_ssm":["Alexandria Scrapbook Collection (MS003)"],"title_tesim":["Alexandria Scrapbook Collection (MS003)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1830-1893"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1830-1893"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1830/1893"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alexandria Scrapbook Collection (MS003), 1830/1893"],"text":["Alexandria Scrapbook Collection (MS003), 1830/1893","MS003","Plays.","Scrapbooks.","Theater and society -- United States -- History -- 19th century.","Ford's Opera House (Washington, D. 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The scrapbook in folder 1 contains religious articles, poetry, and images pasted into a book on agricultural reports.  The scrapbook in folder 2 contains playbills and concert programs from the National Theater, Ford's Opera House, the Alexandria Musical Association, the Vocal Society of the Assembly Presbyterian Church, etc.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of 2 books that have been converted to scrapbooks by gluing playbills, poems, articles, drawings, and religious materials onto the pages.  The scrapbook in folder 1 contains religious articles, poetry, and images pasted into a book on agricultural reports.  The scrapbook in folder 2 contains playbills and concert programs from the National Theater, Ford's Opera House, the Alexandria Musical Association, the Vocal Society of the Assembly Presbyterian Church, etc."],"corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library"],"names_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:21:50.422Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_158","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_158","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_158","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_158","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ALEX/repositories_2_resources_158.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://alexlibraryva.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/158","title_ssm":["Alexandria Scrapbook Collection (MS003)"],"title_tesim":["Alexandria Scrapbook Collection (MS003)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1830-1893"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1830-1893"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1830/1893"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alexandria Scrapbook Collection (MS003), 1830/1893"],"text":["Alexandria Scrapbook Collection (MS003), 1830/1893","MS003","Plays.","Scrapbooks.","Theater and society -- United States -- History -- 19th century.","Ford's Opera House (Washington, D. 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The scrapbook in folder 2 contains playbills and concert programs from the National Theater, Ford's Opera House, the Alexandria Musical Association, the Vocal Society of the Assembly Presbyterian Church, etc.","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Alexandria Scrapbook Collection (MS003), 1830/1893"],"collection_ssim":["Alexandria Scrapbook Collection (MS003), 1830/1893"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS003"],"unitid_tesim":["MS003"],"repository_ssm":["Alexandria Library"],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Plays."],"geogname_ssim":["Plays."],"places_ssim":["Plays."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library"],"creators_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Scrapbooks.","Theater and society -- United States -- History -- 19th century.","Ford's Opera House (Washington, D. C.)","Poetry."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Scrapbooks.","Theater and society -- United States -- History -- 19th century.","Ford's Opera House (Washington, D. C.)","Poetry."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".42 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":[".42 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Poetry."],"date_range_isim":[1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[item identification], Alexandria Scrapbook Collection, MS003, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[item identification], Alexandria Scrapbook Collection, MS003, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of 2 books that have been converted to scrapbooks by gluing playbills, poems, articles, drawings, and religious materials onto the pages.  The scrapbook in folder 1 contains religious articles, poetry, and images pasted into a book on agricultural reports.  The scrapbook in folder 2 contains playbills and concert programs from the National Theater, Ford's Opera House, the Alexandria Musical Association, the Vocal Society of the Assembly Presbyterian Church, etc.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of 2 books that have been converted to scrapbooks by gluing playbills, poems, articles, drawings, and religious materials onto the pages.  The scrapbook in folder 1 contains religious articles, poetry, and images pasted into a book on agricultural reports.  The scrapbook in folder 2 contains playbills and concert programs from the National Theater, Ford's Opera House, the Alexandria Musical Association, the Vocal Society of the Assembly Presbyterian Church, etc."],"corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library"],"names_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:21:50.422Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_158"}},{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_11","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Alexandria, Virginia City Records (MS019), 1750/1983, bulk 1825/1875","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_11#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Alexandria (Va.) (1749-)","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_11#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains reports, correspondence, account books, minutes, warrants, court orders, vouchers, bills to be paid and to be collected, some printed matter, stocks and bonds, petitions, election returns, and poll books, ranging in date from 1750 to 1983, predominately 1825-1875. Topics include both the city auditor and the city treasurer records of receipts and expenditures for many city functions--the poor house, the police, employee pay records, etc.--, election results, the issuance of Corporation stocks and bonds, railroads, and canals.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_11#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_11","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_11","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_11","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_11","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ALEX/repositories_2_resources_11.xml","title_ssm":["Alexandria, Virginia City Records (MS019)"],"title_tesim":["Alexandria, Virginia City Records (MS019)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1750-1983","1825-1875"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1750-1983"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1825-1875"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1750/1983, bulk 1825/1875"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alexandria, Virginia City Records (MS019), 1750/1983, bulk 1825/1875"],"text":["Alexandria, Virginia City Records (MS019), 1750/1983, bulk 1825/1875","MS019","/repositories/2/resources/11","Alexandria (Va.)","Alexandria (Va.) -- History","Jails -- Alexandria (Va.)","Jails -- United States.","Alexandria (Va.). Mayor","City councils.","Elections -- Virginia.","Court administration -- United States.","Microfiche Collection--Sweeney Papers \nMicrofilm Collection--Judge Daniel O'Flaherty Collection--Alexandria Town Council \nMicrofilm Collection--Reels #00027, 00070, 00431, 00473, 00479, 00481, 00548, 00552, 00564","The collection is divided into the following series: \nI--Auditor (1809-1954)--subdivided into twenty-four (24) subseries (see attached folder listing), each chronological by year; \nII--Treasurer (1818-1923)--chronological by year; \nIII--Mayor (1831-1877)--chronological by year; \nIV--City Council (1800-1954)--subdivided into eleven (11) subseries (see attached folder listing), each chronological by year; \nV--Clerk of the Council (1785-1874)--chronological by year; \nVI--Commissioners of the Sinking Fund (1845-1876)--chronological by year; \nVII--Commissioner of the Revenue (1795-1946)--includes commissioner as tax assessor, (see attached folder listing), chronological by year; \nVIII--Corporation Officers (1795-1876)--arrangement as per the 1898-1899 Annual Report where possible, the rest alphabetically, each chronological by year; \nIX--Gas Works and Water Works (1856-1876)--chronological by year; \nX--Court Records (1791-1957)--subdivided into eight (8) subseries (see attached folder listing), each chronological by year; \nXI--Elections (1808-1883)--subdivided into Poll Books, by ward and year, and returns, chronological by year; \nXII--City Manager (1936-1966)--subdivided into four (4) subseries (see attached folder list), each chronological by year; \nXIII--City Engineer (1910-1935)--chronological by year; \nXIV--City Jail (1956-1957)--Chronological by year; \nXV--Alexandria redevelopment and Housing Authority (1951-1958)--chronological by year; \nXVI--Department of Planning and Urban Renewal (1956-1965)--chronological by year; \nXVII--Various City Officials (1922-1983)--alphabetical by title, then chronological (sse attached folder listing); \nXVIII--Annual Reports (1954-1983)--chronological by year; \nXIX--Miscellaneous (175?-1932)--alphabetical by title, \nXX--Personal Property Tax Records (1870-1950-incomplete) chronolgical by year, \nXXI-Land Books (1926-1928, 1930-1950), chronological by year.","Alexandria, a major port city along the Potomac River, was founded in 1749. Ceded by Virginia to the federal government in 1801 to be part of the nation's capital, Alexandria was retroceded in 1847. During the Civil War, Union forces occupied and governed Alexandria. In 1922, the city adopted the Council-City Manager form of government.","Building Permits (MS040), 1892-1929\nPlumbing Permits (MS046), 1936-1939","The collection contains reports, correspondence, account books, minutes, warrants, court orders, vouchers, bills to be paid and to be collected, some printed matter, stocks and bonds, petitions, election returns, and poll books, ranging in date from 1750 to 1983, predominately 1825-1875. Topics include both the city auditor and the city treasurer records of receipts and expenditures for many city functions--the poor house, the police, employee pay records, etc.--, election results, the issuance of Corporation stocks and bonds, railroads, and canals.","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria (Va.) (1749-)","Alexandria (Va.). City Clerk","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Housing and Community Development","Alexandria (Va.). Office of City Engineer","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Planning and Urban Renewal","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Alexandria, Virginia City Records (MS019), 1750/1983, bulk 1825/1875"],"collection_ssim":["Alexandria, Virginia City Records (MS019), 1750/1983, bulk 1825/1875"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS019","/repositories/2/resources/11"],"unitid_tesim":["MS019","/repositories/2/resources/11"],"repository_ssm":["Alexandria Library"],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Alexandria (Va.)","Alexandria (Va.) -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Alexandria (Va.)","Alexandria (Va.) -- History"],"places_ssim":["Alexandria (Va.)","Alexandria (Va.) -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Alexandria (Va.) (1749-)","Alexandria (Va.). City Clerk","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Housing and Community Development","Alexandria (Va.). Office of City Engineer","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Planning and Urban Renewal"],"creator_ssim":["Alexandria (Va.) (1749-)","Alexandria (Va.). City Clerk","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Housing and Community Development","Alexandria (Va.). Office of City Engineer","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Planning and Urban Renewal"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria (Va.) (1749-)","Alexandria (Va.). City Clerk","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Housing and Community Development","Alexandria (Va.). Office of City Engineer","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Planning and Urban Renewal"],"creators_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria (Va.) (1749-)","Alexandria (Va.). City Clerk","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Housing and Community Development","Alexandria (Va.). Office of City Engineer","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Planning and Urban Renewal"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Jails -- Alexandria (Va.)","Jails -- United States.","Alexandria (Va.). Mayor","City councils.","Elections -- Virginia.","Court administration -- United States."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Jails -- Alexandria (Va.)","Jails -- United States.","Alexandria (Va.). Mayor","City councils.","Elections -- Virginia.","Court administration -- United States."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["30.48 Cubic Feet 73 Boxes"],"extent_tesim":["30.48 Cubic Feet 73 Boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1750,1751,1752,1753,1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMicrofiche Collection--Sweeney Papers \nMicrofilm Collection--Judge Daniel O'Flaherty Collection--Alexandria Town Council \nMicrofilm Collection--Reels #00027, 00070, 00431, 00473, 00479, 00481, 00548, 00552, 00564\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["Microfiche Collection--Sweeney Papers \nMicrofilm Collection--Judge Daniel O'Flaherty Collection--Alexandria Town Council \nMicrofilm Collection--Reels #00027, 00070, 00431, 00473, 00479, 00481, 00548, 00552, 00564"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into the following series: \nI--Auditor (1809-1954)--subdivided into twenty-four (24) subseries (see attached folder listing), each chronological by year; \nII--Treasurer (1818-1923)--chronological by year; \nIII--Mayor (1831-1877)--chronological by year; \nIV--City Council (1800-1954)--subdivided into eleven (11) subseries (see attached folder listing), each chronological by year; \nV--Clerk of the Council (1785-1874)--chronological by year; \nVI--Commissioners of the Sinking Fund (1845-1876)--chronological by year; \nVII--Commissioner of the Revenue (1795-1946)--includes commissioner as tax assessor, (see attached folder listing), chronological by year; \nVIII--Corporation Officers (1795-1876)--arrangement as per the 1898-1899 Annual Report where possible, the rest alphabetically, each chronological by year; \nIX--Gas Works and Water Works (1856-1876)--chronological by year; \nX--Court Records (1791-1957)--subdivided into eight (8) subseries (see attached folder listing), each chronological by year; \nXI--Elections (1808-1883)--subdivided into Poll Books, by ward and year, and returns, chronological by year; \nXII--City Manager (1936-1966)--subdivided into four (4) subseries (see attached folder list), each chronological by year; \nXIII--City Engineer (1910-1935)--chronological by year; \nXIV--City Jail (1956-1957)--Chronological by year; \nXV--Alexandria redevelopment and Housing Authority (1951-1958)--chronological by year; \nXVI--Department of Planning and Urban Renewal (1956-1965)--chronological by year; \nXVII--Various City Officials (1922-1983)--alphabetical by title, then chronological (sse attached folder listing); \nXVIII--Annual Reports (1954-1983)--chronological by year; \nXIX--Miscellaneous (175?-1932)--alphabetical by title, \nXX--Personal Property Tax Records (1870-1950-incomplete) chronolgical by year, \nXXI-Land Books (1926-1928, 1930-1950), chronological by year.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is divided into the following series: \nI--Auditor (1809-1954)--subdivided into twenty-four (24) subseries (see attached folder listing), each chronological by year; \nII--Treasurer (1818-1923)--chronological by year; \nIII--Mayor (1831-1877)--chronological by year; \nIV--City Council (1800-1954)--subdivided into eleven (11) subseries (see attached folder listing), each chronological by year; \nV--Clerk of the Council (1785-1874)--chronological by year; \nVI--Commissioners of the Sinking Fund (1845-1876)--chronological by year; \nVII--Commissioner of the Revenue (1795-1946)--includes commissioner as tax assessor, (see attached folder listing), chronological by year; \nVIII--Corporation Officers (1795-1876)--arrangement as per the 1898-1899 Annual Report where possible, the rest alphabetically, each chronological by year; \nIX--Gas Works and Water Works (1856-1876)--chronological by year; \nX--Court Records (1791-1957)--subdivided into eight (8) subseries (see attached folder listing), each chronological by year; \nXI--Elections (1808-1883)--subdivided into Poll Books, by ward and year, and returns, chronological by year; \nXII--City Manager (1936-1966)--subdivided into four (4) subseries (see attached folder list), each chronological by year; \nXIII--City Engineer (1910-1935)--chronological by year; \nXIV--City Jail (1956-1957)--Chronological by year; \nXV--Alexandria redevelopment and Housing Authority (1951-1958)--chronological by year; \nXVI--Department of Planning and Urban Renewal (1956-1965)--chronological by year; \nXVII--Various City Officials (1922-1983)--alphabetical by title, then chronological (sse attached folder listing); \nXVIII--Annual Reports (1954-1983)--chronological by year; \nXIX--Miscellaneous (175?-1932)--alphabetical by title, \nXX--Personal Property Tax Records (1870-1950-incomplete) chronolgical by year, \nXXI-Land Books (1926-1928, 1930-1950), chronological by year."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlexandria, a major port city along the Potomac River, was founded in 1749. Ceded by Virginia to the federal government in 1801 to be part of the nation's capital, Alexandria was retroceded in 1847. During the Civil War, Union forces occupied and governed Alexandria. In 1922, the city adopted the Council-City Manager form of government.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Alexandria, a major port city along the Potomac River, was founded in 1749. Ceded by Virginia to the federal government in 1801 to be part of the nation's capital, Alexandria was retroceded in 1847. During the Civil War, Union forces occupied and governed Alexandria. In 1922, the city adopted the Council-City Manager form of government."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlexandria Virginia City Records, MS019, Alexandria Library, Local History/Special Collections, Alexandria, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003e[Item identification], Alexandria Virginia City Records, MS019, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Alexandria Virginia City Records, MS019, Alexandria Library, Local History/Special Collections, Alexandria, Va.","[Item identification], Alexandria Virginia City Records, MS019, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBuilding Permits (MS040), 1892-1929\u003cbr\u003e\nPlumbing Permits (MS046), 1936-1939\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Building Permits (MS040), 1892-1929\nPlumbing Permits (MS046), 1936-1939"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains reports, correspondence, account books, minutes, warrants, court orders, vouchers, bills to be paid and to be collected, some printed matter, stocks and bonds, petitions, election returns, and poll books, ranging in date from 1750 to 1983, predominately 1825-1875. Topics include both the city auditor and the city treasurer records of receipts and expenditures for many city functions--the poor house, the police, employee pay records, etc.--, election results, the issuance of Corporation stocks and bonds, railroads, and canals.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains reports, correspondence, account books, minutes, warrants, court orders, vouchers, bills to be paid and to be collected, some printed matter, stocks and bonds, petitions, election returns, and poll books, ranging in date from 1750 to 1983, predominately 1825-1875. Topics include both the city auditor and the city treasurer records of receipts and expenditures for many city functions--the poor house, the police, employee pay records, etc.--, election results, the issuance of Corporation stocks and bonds, railroads, and canals."],"corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria (Va.) (1749-)","Alexandria (Va.). City Clerk","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Housing and Community Development","Alexandria (Va.). Office of City Engineer","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Planning and Urban Renewal"],"names_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria (Va.) (1749-)","Alexandria (Va.). City Clerk","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Housing and Community Development","Alexandria (Va.). Office of City Engineer","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Planning and Urban Renewal"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:21:50.422Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_11","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_11","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_11","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_11","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ALEX/repositories_2_resources_11.xml","title_ssm":["Alexandria, Virginia City Records (MS019)"],"title_tesim":["Alexandria, Virginia City Records (MS019)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1750-1983","1825-1875"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1750-1983"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1825-1875"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1750/1983, bulk 1825/1875"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alexandria, Virginia City Records (MS019), 1750/1983, bulk 1825/1875"],"text":["Alexandria, Virginia City Records (MS019), 1750/1983, bulk 1825/1875","MS019","/repositories/2/resources/11","Alexandria (Va.)","Alexandria (Va.) -- History","Jails -- Alexandria (Va.)","Jails -- United States.","Alexandria (Va.). Mayor","City councils.","Elections -- Virginia.","Court administration -- United States.","Microfiche Collection--Sweeney Papers \nMicrofilm Collection--Judge Daniel O'Flaherty Collection--Alexandria Town Council \nMicrofilm Collection--Reels #00027, 00070, 00431, 00473, 00479, 00481, 00548, 00552, 00564","The collection is divided into the following series: \nI--Auditor (1809-1954)--subdivided into twenty-four (24) subseries (see attached folder listing), each chronological by year; \nII--Treasurer (1818-1923)--chronological by year; \nIII--Mayor (1831-1877)--chronological by year; \nIV--City Council (1800-1954)--subdivided into eleven (11) subseries (see attached folder listing), each chronological by year; \nV--Clerk of the Council (1785-1874)--chronological by year; \nVI--Commissioners of the Sinking Fund (1845-1876)--chronological by year; \nVII--Commissioner of the Revenue (1795-1946)--includes commissioner as tax assessor, (see attached folder listing), chronological by year; \nVIII--Corporation Officers (1795-1876)--arrangement as per the 1898-1899 Annual Report where possible, the rest alphabetically, each chronological by year; \nIX--Gas Works and Water Works (1856-1876)--chronological by year; \nX--Court Records (1791-1957)--subdivided into eight (8) subseries (see attached folder listing), each chronological by year; \nXI--Elections (1808-1883)--subdivided into Poll Books, by ward and year, and returns, chronological by year; \nXII--City Manager (1936-1966)--subdivided into four (4) subseries (see attached folder list), each chronological by year; \nXIII--City Engineer (1910-1935)--chronological by year; \nXIV--City Jail (1956-1957)--Chronological by year; \nXV--Alexandria redevelopment and Housing Authority (1951-1958)--chronological by year; \nXVI--Department of Planning and Urban Renewal (1956-1965)--chronological by year; \nXVII--Various City Officials (1922-1983)--alphabetical by title, then chronological (sse attached folder listing); \nXVIII--Annual Reports (1954-1983)--chronological by year; \nXIX--Miscellaneous (175?-1932)--alphabetical by title, \nXX--Personal Property Tax Records (1870-1950-incomplete) chronolgical by year, \nXXI-Land Books (1926-1928, 1930-1950), chronological by year.","Alexandria, a major port city along the Potomac River, was founded in 1749. Ceded by Virginia to the federal government in 1801 to be part of the nation's capital, Alexandria was retroceded in 1847. During the Civil War, Union forces occupied and governed Alexandria. In 1922, the city adopted the Council-City Manager form of government.","Building Permits (MS040), 1892-1929\nPlumbing Permits (MS046), 1936-1939","The collection contains reports, correspondence, account books, minutes, warrants, court orders, vouchers, bills to be paid and to be collected, some printed matter, stocks and bonds, petitions, election returns, and poll books, ranging in date from 1750 to 1983, predominately 1825-1875. Topics include both the city auditor and the city treasurer records of receipts and expenditures for many city functions--the poor house, the police, employee pay records, etc.--, election results, the issuance of Corporation stocks and bonds, railroads, and canals.","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria (Va.) (1749-)","Alexandria (Va.). City Clerk","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Housing and Community Development","Alexandria (Va.). Office of City Engineer","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Planning and Urban Renewal","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Alexandria, Virginia City Records (MS019), 1750/1983, bulk 1825/1875"],"collection_ssim":["Alexandria, Virginia City Records (MS019), 1750/1983, bulk 1825/1875"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS019","/repositories/2/resources/11"],"unitid_tesim":["MS019","/repositories/2/resources/11"],"repository_ssm":["Alexandria Library"],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Alexandria (Va.)","Alexandria (Va.) -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Alexandria (Va.)","Alexandria (Va.) -- History"],"places_ssim":["Alexandria (Va.)","Alexandria (Va.) -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Alexandria (Va.) (1749-)","Alexandria (Va.). City Clerk","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Housing and Community Development","Alexandria (Va.). Office of City Engineer","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Planning and Urban Renewal"],"creator_ssim":["Alexandria (Va.) (1749-)","Alexandria (Va.). City Clerk","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Housing and Community Development","Alexandria (Va.). Office of City Engineer","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Planning and Urban Renewal"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria (Va.) (1749-)","Alexandria (Va.). City Clerk","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Housing and Community Development","Alexandria (Va.). Office of City Engineer","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Planning and Urban Renewal"],"creators_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria (Va.) (1749-)","Alexandria (Va.). City Clerk","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Housing and Community Development","Alexandria (Va.). Office of City Engineer","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Planning and Urban Renewal"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Jails -- Alexandria (Va.)","Jails -- United States.","Alexandria (Va.). Mayor","City councils.","Elections -- Virginia.","Court administration -- United States."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Jails -- Alexandria (Va.)","Jails -- United States.","Alexandria (Va.). Mayor","City councils.","Elections -- Virginia.","Court administration -- United States."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["30.48 Cubic Feet 73 Boxes"],"extent_tesim":["30.48 Cubic Feet 73 Boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1750,1751,1752,1753,1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMicrofiche Collection--Sweeney Papers \nMicrofilm Collection--Judge Daniel O'Flaherty Collection--Alexandria Town Council \nMicrofilm Collection--Reels #00027, 00070, 00431, 00473, 00479, 00481, 00548, 00552, 00564\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["Microfiche Collection--Sweeney Papers \nMicrofilm Collection--Judge Daniel O'Flaherty Collection--Alexandria Town Council \nMicrofilm Collection--Reels #00027, 00070, 00431, 00473, 00479, 00481, 00548, 00552, 00564"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into the following series: \nI--Auditor (1809-1954)--subdivided into twenty-four (24) subseries (see attached folder listing), each chronological by year; \nII--Treasurer (1818-1923)--chronological by year; \nIII--Mayor (1831-1877)--chronological by year; \nIV--City Council (1800-1954)--subdivided into eleven (11) subseries (see attached folder listing), each chronological by year; \nV--Clerk of the Council (1785-1874)--chronological by year; \nVI--Commissioners of the Sinking Fund (1845-1876)--chronological by year; \nVII--Commissioner of the Revenue (1795-1946)--includes commissioner as tax assessor, (see attached folder listing), chronological by year; \nVIII--Corporation Officers (1795-1876)--arrangement as per the 1898-1899 Annual Report where possible, the rest alphabetically, each chronological by year; \nIX--Gas Works and Water Works (1856-1876)--chronological by year; \nX--Court Records (1791-1957)--subdivided into eight (8) subseries (see attached folder listing), each chronological by year; \nXI--Elections (1808-1883)--subdivided into Poll Books, by ward and year, and returns, chronological by year; \nXII--City Manager (1936-1966)--subdivided into four (4) subseries (see attached folder list), each chronological by year; \nXIII--City Engineer (1910-1935)--chronological by year; \nXIV--City Jail (1956-1957)--Chronological by year; \nXV--Alexandria redevelopment and Housing Authority (1951-1958)--chronological by year; \nXVI--Department of Planning and Urban Renewal (1956-1965)--chronological by year; \nXVII--Various City Officials (1922-1983)--alphabetical by title, then chronological (sse attached folder listing); \nXVIII--Annual Reports (1954-1983)--chronological by year; \nXIX--Miscellaneous (175?-1932)--alphabetical by title, \nXX--Personal Property Tax Records (1870-1950-incomplete) chronolgical by year, \nXXI-Land Books (1926-1928, 1930-1950), chronological by year.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is divided into the following series: \nI--Auditor (1809-1954)--subdivided into twenty-four (24) subseries (see attached folder listing), each chronological by year; \nII--Treasurer (1818-1923)--chronological by year; \nIII--Mayor (1831-1877)--chronological by year; \nIV--City Council (1800-1954)--subdivided into eleven (11) subseries (see attached folder listing), each chronological by year; \nV--Clerk of the Council (1785-1874)--chronological by year; \nVI--Commissioners of the Sinking Fund (1845-1876)--chronological by year; \nVII--Commissioner of the Revenue (1795-1946)--includes commissioner as tax assessor, (see attached folder listing), chronological by year; \nVIII--Corporation Officers (1795-1876)--arrangement as per the 1898-1899 Annual Report where possible, the rest alphabetically, each chronological by year; \nIX--Gas Works and Water Works (1856-1876)--chronological by year; \nX--Court Records (1791-1957)--subdivided into eight (8) subseries (see attached folder listing), each chronological by year; \nXI--Elections (1808-1883)--subdivided into Poll Books, by ward and year, and returns, chronological by year; \nXII--City Manager (1936-1966)--subdivided into four (4) subseries (see attached folder list), each chronological by year; \nXIII--City Engineer (1910-1935)--chronological by year; \nXIV--City Jail (1956-1957)--Chronological by year; \nXV--Alexandria redevelopment and Housing Authority (1951-1958)--chronological by year; \nXVI--Department of Planning and Urban Renewal (1956-1965)--chronological by year; \nXVII--Various City Officials (1922-1983)--alphabetical by title, then chronological (sse attached folder listing); \nXVIII--Annual Reports (1954-1983)--chronological by year; \nXIX--Miscellaneous (175?-1932)--alphabetical by title, \nXX--Personal Property Tax Records (1870-1950-incomplete) chronolgical by year, \nXXI-Land Books (1926-1928, 1930-1950), chronological by year."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlexandria, a major port city along the Potomac River, was founded in 1749. Ceded by Virginia to the federal government in 1801 to be part of the nation's capital, Alexandria was retroceded in 1847. During the Civil War, Union forces occupied and governed Alexandria. In 1922, the city adopted the Council-City Manager form of government.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Alexandria, a major port city along the Potomac River, was founded in 1749. Ceded by Virginia to the federal government in 1801 to be part of the nation's capital, Alexandria was retroceded in 1847. During the Civil War, Union forces occupied and governed Alexandria. In 1922, the city adopted the Council-City Manager form of government."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlexandria Virginia City Records, MS019, Alexandria Library, Local History/Special Collections, Alexandria, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003e[Item identification], Alexandria Virginia City Records, MS019, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Alexandria Virginia City Records, MS019, Alexandria Library, Local History/Special Collections, Alexandria, Va.","[Item identification], Alexandria Virginia City Records, MS019, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBuilding Permits (MS040), 1892-1929\u003cbr\u003e\nPlumbing Permits (MS046), 1936-1939\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Building Permits (MS040), 1892-1929\nPlumbing Permits (MS046), 1936-1939"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains reports, correspondence, account books, minutes, warrants, court orders, vouchers, bills to be paid and to be collected, some printed matter, stocks and bonds, petitions, election returns, and poll books, ranging in date from 1750 to 1983, predominately 1825-1875. Topics include both the city auditor and the city treasurer records of receipts and expenditures for many city functions--the poor house, the police, employee pay records, etc.--, election results, the issuance of Corporation stocks and bonds, railroads, and canals.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains reports, correspondence, account books, minutes, warrants, court orders, vouchers, bills to be paid and to be collected, some printed matter, stocks and bonds, petitions, election returns, and poll books, ranging in date from 1750 to 1983, predominately 1825-1875. Topics include both the city auditor and the city treasurer records of receipts and expenditures for many city functions--the poor house, the police, employee pay records, etc.--, election results, the issuance of Corporation stocks and bonds, railroads, and canals."],"corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria (Va.) (1749-)","Alexandria (Va.). City Clerk","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Housing and Community Development","Alexandria (Va.). Office of City Engineer","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Planning and Urban Renewal"],"names_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria (Va.) (1749-)","Alexandria (Va.). City Clerk","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Housing and Community Development","Alexandria (Va.). Office of City Engineer","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Planning and Urban Renewal"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:21:50.422Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_11"}},{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_89_c24_c10","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Alexandria Washington Lodge, no. 22., freemasons, Murray, Alexander certificate of membership, 1866","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_89_c24_c10#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_89_c24_c10","ref_ssm":["vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_89_c24_c10"],"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_89_c24_c10","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_89","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_89","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_89_c24","parent_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_89_c24","parent_ssim":["Alexandria History Collection (MS240), 1767/2008","Organizations, 1813/1990"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_89","vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_89_c24"],"title_filing_ssi":"Alexandria Washington Lodge, no. 22., freemasons, Murray, Alexander certificate of membership","title_ssm":["Alexandria Washington Lodge, no. 22., freemasons, Murray, Alexander certificate of membership"],"title_tesim":["Alexandria Washington Lodge, no. 22., freemasons, Murray, Alexander certificate of membership"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alexandria Washington Lodge, no. 22., freemasons, Murray, Alexander certificate of membership, 1866"],"text":["Alexandria Washington Lodge, no. 22., freemasons, Murray, Alexander certificate of membership, 1866","Alexandria History Collection (MS240), 1767/2008","Organizations, 1813/1990","os_box 17","English"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Alexandria History Collection (MS240), 1767/2008","Organizations, 1813/1990"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Alexandria History Collection (MS240), 1767/2008","Organizations, 1813/1990"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1866"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1866"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":370,"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"collection_ssim":["Alexandria History Collection (MS240), 1767/2008"],"containers_ssim":["os_box 17"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"language_ssim":["English"],"date_range_isim":[1866],"_nest_path_":"/components#23/components#9","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:22:04.515Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_89","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_89","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_89","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_89","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ALEX/repositories_2_resources_89.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://alexlibraryva.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/89","title_ssm":["Alexandria History Collection (MS240)"],"title_tesim":["Alexandria History Collection (MS240)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1767-2008"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1767-2008"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1767/2008"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alexandria History Collection (MS240), 1767/2008"],"text":["Alexandria History Collection (MS240), 1767/2008","MS240","/repositories/2/resources/89","Formerly titled \"Vertical File (Manuscript) Collection\"","The collection is arranged alphabetically by subject. The collection is further split by size, with two additional oversized boxes containing materials from the same subjects as listed below.","The subjects are described as follows:","African-American History\nAlexandria-Juvenile\nBusinesses\nCivil War and Reconstruction\nCollectables\nCulture\nEvents\nFire\nGovernment\nHistoric Places\nLibrary\nMagazines\nOrganizations\nPersonal Business\nPersonal\nPolitics\nRailroads\nReligion\nSchools\nTourism and Foodways\nTransportation","The manuscripts vertical file is an artificial collection containing a wide variety of unique manuscript items relating to Alexandria, Virginia residents, businesses, organizations, and history.","The majority of the items are manuscript pages but the collection also includes books and ephemera. It is strong in local business advertisements, stationary, and records as well as correspondence, legal and financial papers, memorabilia, and school-related documents. The majority of the documents date from the 19th century, although 18th and 20th century documents are also present.","Some notable documents include: a book of auction records from 1837-1840 including sales of houses, ships, and slaves; an apothecary formula book, several examples of late-18th century legal papers, Civil War passes into Washington for the Leadbeater family, an Alexandria High School student exercise book from 1859-1863, apprenticeship indentures, an 1841 retrocession petition, and records of fires in the city from the 1930s and 1950s.","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Cazenove Family","Cazenove, Harriot E., 1823-1896","Cazenove, Anthony Charles, 1775-1852","Cazenove, Louis A., 1851-1925","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Alexandria History Collection (MS240), 1767/2008"],"collection_ssim":["Alexandria History Collection (MS240), 1767/2008"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS240","/repositories/2/resources/89"],"unitid_tesim":["MS240","/repositories/2/resources/89"],"repository_ssm":["Alexandria Library"],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Cazenove, Harriot E., 1823-1896","Cazenove, Anthony Charles, 1775-1852","Cazenove, Louis A., 1851-1925"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Cazenove Family"],"creators_ssim":["Cazenove, Harriot E., 1823-1896","Cazenove, Anthony Charles, 1775-1852","Cazenove, Louis A., 1851-1925","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Cazenove Family"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was created circa 1976 and was expanded over many years through small donations and acquisitions. Accession information is unavailable for many of the items in the collection."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["8.75 Cubic Feet 14.5 legal size, 2 oversize"],"extent_tesim":["8.75 Cubic Feet 14.5 legal size, 2 oversize"],"dimensions_tesim":["Oversize boxes 24.75x20.75x3.5"],"date_range_isim":[1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFormerly titled \"Vertical File (Manuscript) Collection\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged alphabetically by subject. The collection is further split by size, with two additional oversized boxes containing materials from the same subjects as listed below.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe subjects are described as follows:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfrican-American History\n\u003cbr\u003eAlexandria-Juvenile\n\u003cbr\u003eBusinesses\n\u003cbr\u003eCivil War and Reconstruction\n\u003cbr\u003eCollectables\n\u003cbr\u003eCulture\n\u003cbr\u003eEvents\n\u003cbr\u003eFire\n\u003cbr\u003eGovernment\n\u003cbr\u003eHistoric Places\n\u003cbr\u003eLibrary\n\u003cbr\u003eMagazines\n\u003cbr\u003eOrganizations\n\u003cbr\u003ePersonal Business\n\u003cbr\u003ePersonal\n\u003cbr\u003ePolitics\n\u003cbr\u003eRailroads\n\u003cbr\u003eReligion\n\u003cbr\u003eSchools\n\u003cbr\u003eTourism and Foodways\n\u003cbr\u003eTransportation\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Formerly titled \"Vertical File (Manuscript) Collection\"","The collection is arranged alphabetically by subject. The collection is further split by size, with two additional oversized boxes containing materials from the same subjects as listed below.","The subjects are described as follows:","African-American History\nAlexandria-Juvenile\nBusinesses\nCivil War and Reconstruction\nCollectables\nCulture\nEvents\nFire\nGovernment\nHistoric Places\nLibrary\nMagazines\nOrganizations\nPersonal Business\nPersonal\nPolitics\nRailroads\nReligion\nSchools\nTourism and Foodways\nTransportation"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe manuscripts vertical file is an artificial collection containing a wide variety of unique manuscript items relating to Alexandria, Virginia residents, businesses, organizations, and history.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe majority of the items are manuscript pages but the collection also includes books and ephemera. It is strong in local business advertisements, stationary, and records as well as correspondence, legal and financial papers, memorabilia, and school-related documents. The majority of the documents date from the 19th century, although 18th and 20th century documents are also present.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSome notable documents include: a book of auction records from 1837-1840 including sales of houses, ships, and slaves; an apothecary formula book, several examples of late-18th century legal papers, Civil War passes into Washington for the Leadbeater family, an Alexandria High School student exercise book from 1859-1863, apprenticeship indentures, an 1841 retrocession petition, and records of fires in the city from the 1930s and 1950s.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The manuscripts vertical file is an artificial collection containing a wide variety of unique manuscript items relating to Alexandria, Virginia residents, businesses, organizations, and history.","The majority of the items are manuscript pages but the collection also includes books and ephemera. It is strong in local business advertisements, stationary, and records as well as correspondence, legal and financial papers, memorabilia, and school-related documents. The majority of the documents date from the 19th century, although 18th and 20th century documents are also present.","Some notable documents include: a book of auction records from 1837-1840 including sales of houses, ships, and slaves; an apothecary formula book, several examples of late-18th century legal papers, Civil War passes into Washington for the Leadbeater family, an Alexandria High School student exercise book from 1859-1863, apprenticeship indentures, an 1841 retrocession petition, and records of fires in the city from the 1930s and 1950s."],"corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library"],"famname_ssim":["Cazenove Family"],"persname_ssim":["Cazenove, Harriot E., 1823-1896","Cazenove, Anthony Charles, 1775-1852","Cazenove, Louis A., 1851-1925"],"names_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Cazenove Family","Cazenove, Harriot E., 1823-1896","Cazenove, Anthony Charles, 1775-1852","Cazenove, Louis A., 1851-1925"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":683,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:22:04.515Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_89_c24_c10"}},{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_87_c01_c01_c20","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Alexandria Water Co., 1851/1879","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_87_c01_c01_c20#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_87_c01_c01_c20","ref_ssm":["vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_87_c01_c01_c20"],"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_87_c01_c01_c20","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_87","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_87","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_87_c01_c01","parent_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_87_c01_c01","parent_ssim":["Armistead Boothe Papers (MS164), 1803/1990","Series 1: Boothe Family History","1.1: William J. Boothe And Mary Grace Leadbeater Boothe, 1816/1914"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_87","vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_87_c01","vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_87_c01_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"Alexandria Water Co.","title_ssm":["Alexandria Water Co."],"title_tesim":["Alexandria Water Co."],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alexandria Water Co., 1851/1879"],"text":["Alexandria Water Co., 1851/1879","Armistead Boothe Papers (MS164), 1803/1990","Series 1: Boothe Family History","1.1: William J. Boothe And Mary Grace Leadbeater Boothe, 1816/1914","box 02","folder 020"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Armistead Boothe Papers (MS164), 1803/1990","Series 1: Boothe Family History","1.1: William J. Boothe And Mary Grace Leadbeater Boothe, 1816/1914"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Armistead Boothe Papers (MS164), 1803/1990","Series 1: Boothe Family History","1.1: William J. Boothe And Mary Grace Leadbeater Boothe, 1816/1914"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1851/1879"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1851-1879"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[3],"sort_isi":22,"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"collection_ssim":["Armistead Boothe Papers (MS164), 1803/1990"],"containers_ssim":["box 02","folder 020"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"date_range_isim":[1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#0/components#19","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:22:04.515Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_87","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_87","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_87","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_87","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ALEX/repositories_2_resources_87.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://alexlibraryva.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/87","title_ssm":["Armistead Boothe Papers (MS164)"],"title_tesim":["Armistead Boothe Papers (MS164)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1803-1990"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1803-1990"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1803/1990"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Armistead Boothe Papers (MS164), 1803/1990"],"text":["Armistead Boothe Papers (MS164), 1803/1990","MS164","Alexandria (Va.) -- Genealogy.","School integration -- Virginia","United States. Army. Volunteer Cavalry, 1st.","World War -- 1939-1945","Spanish-American War, 1898","Business records","Business -- Virginia -- Alexandria","Law offices -- Alexandria (Va.)","Ship registers -- Alexandria (Va.)","Genealogy","Politicians -- Virginia -- Alexandria","Correspondence","This collection has been rearranged to increase access and findability. Previously, it was arranged \"Roughly chronologically and thereunder topically.  Oversized items are grouped by size rather than by subject.\"","The collection has been re-arranged into four series, the first focusing on Armistead Boothe's close and extended family, and the second focusing on Boothe's life and work in Alexandria and Virginia politics. The third series is realia, and and the fourth is photos.","The first series is organized by generation, with genealogical information of Boothe's extended family at the end. The second series is organized topically by the phases of Boothe's life. The fourth series, photos, is arranged by family and then topically.","Included in Series 1 and 2 are folders specifically labelled as containing correspondence, however there are additional instances of correspondence in other folders.","Armistead Boothe (1907-1990) was an Alexandria lawyer and politician. He began practicing law in 1931 at his father's practice. He served as special assistant to the U.S. Attorney General from 1934 to 1936, and then as City Attorney of Alexandria from 1939 through 1943. He was a naval officer in the Pacific Theater from 1943-1945. He was elected to the Virginia House of Delegates in 1948 and served until 1956, when he was elected to Virginia State Senate, where he served until his retirement in 1964. Boothe married Elizabeth Ravenel Peele in 1934 and had three children and six grandchildren.","Armistead's father, Gardner Lloyd Boothe (1872-1964), was an Alexandria attorney, and president of the First National Bank and the First and Citizens National Bank, member of the Virginia Theological Seminary Board of Trustees from 1916 to 1956, and a vestryman of Christ Church from 1895 to 1956. He married Eleanor Harrison Carr (1881-1968) of Petersburg, Virginia, in 1906, and they lived at 711 Prince Street in Alexandria. Together they had two children, Gardner Lloyd Jr. and Armistead.","Armistead Boothe's paternal grandfather, Captain William J. Boothe (1818-1894), went to sea at an early age and worked up to ship captain. He was married to Mary Leadbeater Boothe (1839-1914) of the Leadbeater Apothecary Shop family. Captain Boothe later served as president of the Alexandria Water Company, vice-president of the First National Bank, and General Superintendent of the American Coal Company.","These are the collected papers of Alexandria politician Armistead Lloyd Boothe (1907-1990). Papers created or collected by Boothe in the course of his career include campaign materials, correspondence with colleagues, and extensive newspaper clippings in addition to other research on political issues such as segregation, education, and transportation.","The collection also includes scrapbooks, journals, albums, memorabilia and other forms of personal papers from various family members. One scrapbook documents Joseph Armistead Carr's career and death as a Rough Rider. Among the highlights of the business, legal, and financial papers in this collection are Captain William Boothe's ship logs. Genealogical papers relate to the Boothe, Carr, Harrison, and other families of Virginia and Alexandria.","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Water Company","Potomac, Piedmont and Valley Agricultural Society (Alexandria, Va.)","Alexandria Canal Company","Alexandria Hospital (Va.)","Protestant Episcopal Theological Seminary in Virginia (Alexandria, Va.)","Society of the Sons of the American Revolution","Boothe Family","Carr Family","Harrison Family","Baylor Family","Bernard Family","Bowles Family","Hartshorne Family","Painter Family","Peele Family","Randolph Family","Ravenel Family","Stanley Family","Tatum Family","Thoroughgood Family","Trezevant Family","Boothe, Armistead L. (Armistead Lloyd), 1907-1990","Boothe, Eleanor Harrison Carr, 1881-1968","Boothe, Gardner L. (Gardner Lloyd), 1872-1964","Boothe, William J. (William Jeremiah), 1816-1894","Boothe, Mary Grace Stabler-Leadbeater, 1839-1914","Carr, Joseph Armistead, 1867-1901","Carr, Francis \"Fanny\" Smith Harrison","Boothe, Elizabeth \"Betty\" Ravenel Peele, b. 1912","Churchill, Winston (Winston Leonard Spencer), 1874-1965","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Armistead Boothe Papers (MS164), 1803/1990"],"collection_ssim":["Armistead Boothe Papers (MS164), 1803/1990"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS164"],"unitid_tesim":["MS164"],"repository_ssm":["Alexandria Library"],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Alexandria (Va.) -- Genealogy."],"geogname_ssim":["Alexandria (Va.) -- Genealogy."],"places_ssim":["Alexandria (Va.) -- Genealogy."],"creator_ssm":["Boothe, Armistead L. (Armistead Lloyd), 1907-1990","Boothe, Eleanor Harrison Carr, 1881-1968","Boothe, Gardner L. (Gardner Lloyd), 1872-1964"],"creator_ssim":["Boothe, Armistead L. (Armistead Lloyd), 1907-1990","Boothe, Eleanor Harrison Carr, 1881-1968","Boothe, Gardner L. (Gardner Lloyd), 1872-1964"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Boothe, Armistead L. (Armistead Lloyd), 1907-1990","Boothe, Eleanor Harrison Carr, 1881-1968","Boothe, Gardner L. (Gardner Lloyd), 1872-1964","Boothe, William J. (William Jeremiah), 1816-1894","Boothe, Mary Grace Stabler-Leadbeater, 1839-1914","Carr, Joseph Armistead, 1867-1901","Carr, Francis \"Fanny\" Smith Harrison","Boothe, Elizabeth \"Betty\" Ravenel Peele, b. 1912","Churchill, Winston (Winston Leonard Spencer), 1874-1965"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Water Company","Potomac, Piedmont and Valley Agricultural Society (Alexandria, Va.)","Alexandria Canal Company","Alexandria Hospital (Va.)","Protestant Episcopal Theological Seminary in Virginia (Alexandria, Va.)","Society of the Sons of the American Revolution"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Boothe Family","Carr Family","Harrison Family","Baylor Family","Bernard Family","Bowles Family","Hartshorne Family","Painter Family","Peele Family","Randolph Family","Ravenel Family","Stanley Family","Tatum Family","Thoroughgood Family","Trezevant Family"],"creators_ssim":["Boothe, Armistead L. (Armistead Lloyd), 1907-1990","Boothe, Eleanor Harrison Carr, 1881-1968","Boothe, Gardner L. (Gardner Lloyd), 1872-1964","Boothe, William J. (William Jeremiah), 1816-1894","Boothe, Mary Grace Stabler-Leadbeater, 1839-1914","Carr, Joseph Armistead, 1867-1901","Carr, Francis \"Fanny\" Smith Harrison","Boothe, Elizabeth \"Betty\" Ravenel Peele, b. 1912","Churchill, Winston (Winston Leonard Spencer), 1874-1965","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Water Company","Potomac, Piedmont and Valley Agricultural Society (Alexandria, Va.)","Alexandria Canal Company","Alexandria Hospital (Va.)","Protestant Episcopal Theological Seminary in Virginia (Alexandria, Va.)","Society of the Sons of the American Revolution","Boothe Family","Carr Family","Harrison Family","Baylor Family","Bernard Family","Bowles Family","Hartshorne Family","Painter Family","Peele Family","Randolph Family","Ravenel Family","Stanley Family","Tatum Family","Thoroughgood Family","Trezevant Family"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Julie Boothe Perry between 1989-1993."],"access_subjects_ssim":["School integration -- Virginia","United States. Army. Volunteer Cavalry, 1st.","World War -- 1939-1945","Spanish-American War, 1898","Business records","Business -- Virginia -- Alexandria","Law offices -- Alexandria (Va.)","Ship registers -- Alexandria (Va.)","Genealogy","Politicians -- Virginia -- Alexandria","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["School integration -- Virginia","United States. Army. Volunteer Cavalry, 1st.","World War -- 1939-1945","Spanish-American War, 1898","Business records","Business -- Virginia -- Alexandria","Law offices -- Alexandria (Va.)","Ship registers -- Alexandria (Va.)","Genealogy","Politicians -- Virginia -- Alexandria","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["10.2 Cubic Feet 14.5 boxes, 2 oversize boxes, 18 oversize folders, 3 oversize items, 2 items in map drawers, 1 rolled item"],"extent_tesim":["10.2 Cubic Feet 14.5 boxes, 2 oversize boxes, 18 oversize folders, 3 oversize items, 2 items in map drawers, 1 rolled item"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection has been rearranged to increase access and findability. Previously, it was arranged \"Roughly chronologically and thereunder topically.  Oversized items are grouped by size rather than by subject.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection has been re-arranged into four series, the first focusing on Armistead Boothe's close and extended family, and the second focusing on Boothe's life and work in Alexandria and Virginia politics. The third series is realia, and and the fourth is photos.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe first series is organized by generation, with genealogical information of Boothe's extended family at the end. The second series is organized topically by the phases of Boothe's life. The fourth series, photos, is arranged by family and then topically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded in Series 1 and 2 are folders specifically labelled as containing correspondence, however there are additional instances of correspondence in other folders. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection has been rearranged to increase access and findability. Previously, it was arranged \"Roughly chronologically and thereunder topically.  Oversized items are grouped by size rather than by subject.\"","The collection has been re-arranged into four series, the first focusing on Armistead Boothe's close and extended family, and the second focusing on Boothe's life and work in Alexandria and Virginia politics. The third series is realia, and and the fourth is photos.","The first series is organized by generation, with genealogical information of Boothe's extended family at the end. The second series is organized topically by the phases of Boothe's life. The fourth series, photos, is arranged by family and then topically.","Included in Series 1 and 2 are folders specifically labelled as containing correspondence, however there are additional instances of correspondence in other folders."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArmistead Boothe (1907-1990) was an Alexandria lawyer and politician. He began practicing law in 1931 at his father's practice. He served as special assistant to the U.S. Attorney General from 1934 to 1936, and then as City Attorney of Alexandria from 1939 through 1943. He was a naval officer in the Pacific Theater from 1943-1945. He was elected to the Virginia House of Delegates in 1948 and served until 1956, when he was elected to Virginia State Senate, where he served until his retirement in 1964. Boothe married Elizabeth Ravenel Peele in 1934 and had three children and six grandchildren.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArmistead's father, Gardner Lloyd Boothe (1872-1964), was an Alexandria attorney, and president of the First National Bank and the First and Citizens National Bank, member of the Virginia Theological Seminary Board of Trustees from 1916 to 1956, and a vestryman of Christ Church from 1895 to 1956. He married Eleanor Harrison Carr (1881-1968) of Petersburg, Virginia, in 1906, and they lived at 711 Prince Street in Alexandria. Together they had two children, Gardner Lloyd Jr. and Armistead.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArmistead Boothe's paternal grandfather, Captain William J. Boothe (1818-1894), went to sea at an early age and worked up to ship captain. He was married to Mary Leadbeater Boothe (1839-1914) of the Leadbeater Apothecary Shop family. Captain Boothe later served as president of the Alexandria Water Company, vice-president of the First National Bank, and General Superintendent of the American Coal Company. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Armistead Boothe (1907-1990) was an Alexandria lawyer and politician. He began practicing law in 1931 at his father's practice. He served as special assistant to the U.S. Attorney General from 1934 to 1936, and then as City Attorney of Alexandria from 1939 through 1943. He was a naval officer in the Pacific Theater from 1943-1945. He was elected to the Virginia House of Delegates in 1948 and served until 1956, when he was elected to Virginia State Senate, where he served until his retirement in 1964. Boothe married Elizabeth Ravenel Peele in 1934 and had three children and six grandchildren.","Armistead's father, Gardner Lloyd Boothe (1872-1964), was an Alexandria attorney, and president of the First National Bank and the First and Citizens National Bank, member of the Virginia Theological Seminary Board of Trustees from 1916 to 1956, and a vestryman of Christ Church from 1895 to 1956. He married Eleanor Harrison Carr (1881-1968) of Petersburg, Virginia, in 1906, and they lived at 711 Prince Street in Alexandria. Together they had two children, Gardner Lloyd Jr. and Armistead.","Armistead Boothe's paternal grandfather, Captain William J. Boothe (1818-1894), went to sea at an early age and worked up to ship captain. He was married to Mary Leadbeater Boothe (1839-1914) of the Leadbeater Apothecary Shop family. Captain Boothe later served as president of the Alexandria Water Company, vice-president of the First National Bank, and General Superintendent of the American Coal Company."],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|8638a5b6-e449-4ae5-8734-ca2c21ce2d99/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Digital Materials"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["Click to view digital materials in this collection"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Item identification], Armistead Boothe Papers, MS164, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Item identification], Armistead Boothe Papers, MS164, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThese are the collected papers of Alexandria politician Armistead Lloyd Boothe (1907-1990). Papers created or collected by Boothe in the course of his career include campaign materials, correspondence with colleagues, and extensive newspaper clippings in addition to other research on political issues such as segregation, education, and transportation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also includes scrapbooks, journals, albums, memorabilia and other forms of personal papers from various family members. One scrapbook documents Joseph Armistead Carr's career and death as a Rough Rider. Among the highlights of the business, legal, and financial papers in this collection are Captain William Boothe's ship logs. Genealogical papers relate to the Boothe, Carr, Harrison, and other families of Virginia and Alexandria.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["These are the collected papers of Alexandria politician Armistead Lloyd Boothe (1907-1990). Papers created or collected by Boothe in the course of his career include campaign materials, correspondence with colleagues, and extensive newspaper clippings in addition to other research on political issues such as segregation, education, and transportation.","The collection also includes scrapbooks, journals, albums, memorabilia and other forms of personal papers from various family members. One scrapbook documents Joseph Armistead Carr's career and death as a Rough Rider. Among the highlights of the business, legal, and financial papers in this collection are Captain William Boothe's ship logs. Genealogical papers relate to the Boothe, Carr, Harrison, and other families of Virginia and Alexandria."],"corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Water Company","Potomac, Piedmont and Valley Agricultural Society (Alexandria, Va.)","Alexandria Canal Company","Alexandria Hospital (Va.)","Protestant Episcopal Theological Seminary in Virginia (Alexandria, Va.)","Society of the Sons of the American Revolution"],"names_coll_ssim":["Alexandria Water Company","Potomac, Piedmont and Valley Agricultural Society (Alexandria, Va.)","Alexandria Canal Company","Alexandria Hospital (Va.)","Protestant Episcopal Theological Seminary in Virginia (Alexandria, Va.)","Society of the Sons of the American Revolution","Boothe Family","Carr Family","Harrison Family","Baylor Family","Bernard Family","Bowles Family","Hartshorne Family","Painter Family","Peele Family","Randolph Family","Ravenel Family","Stanley Family","Tatum Family","Thoroughgood Family","Trezevant Family","Boothe, William J. (William Jeremiah), 1816-1894","Boothe, Mary Grace Stabler-Leadbeater, 1839-1914","Carr, Joseph Armistead, 1867-1901","Carr, Francis \"Fanny\" Smith Harrison","Boothe, Elizabeth \"Betty\" Ravenel Peele, b. 1912","Churchill, Winston (Winston Leonard Spencer), 1874-1965"],"famname_ssim":["Boothe Family","Carr Family","Harrison Family","Baylor Family","Bernard Family","Bowles Family","Hartshorne Family","Painter Family","Peele Family","Randolph Family","Ravenel Family","Stanley Family","Tatum Family","Thoroughgood Family","Trezevant Family"],"persname_ssim":["Boothe, Armistead L. (Armistead Lloyd), 1907-1990","Boothe, Eleanor Harrison Carr, 1881-1968","Boothe, Gardner L. (Gardner Lloyd), 1872-1964","Boothe, William J. (William Jeremiah), 1816-1894","Boothe, Mary Grace Stabler-Leadbeater, 1839-1914","Carr, Joseph Armistead, 1867-1901","Carr, Francis \"Fanny\" Smith Harrison","Boothe, Elizabeth \"Betty\" Ravenel Peele, b. 1912","Churchill, Winston (Winston Leonard Spencer), 1874-1965"],"names_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Water Company","Potomac, Piedmont and Valley Agricultural Society (Alexandria, Va.)","Alexandria Canal Company","Alexandria Hospital (Va.)","Protestant Episcopal Theological Seminary in Virginia (Alexandria, Va.)","Society of the Sons of the American Revolution","Boothe Family","Carr Family","Harrison Family","Baylor Family","Bernard Family","Bowles Family","Hartshorne Family","Painter Family","Peele Family","Randolph Family","Ravenel Family","Stanley Family","Tatum Family","Thoroughgood Family","Trezevant Family","Boothe, Armistead L. (Armistead Lloyd), 1907-1990","Boothe, Eleanor Harrison Carr, 1881-1968","Boothe, Gardner L. (Gardner Lloyd), 1872-1964","Boothe, William J. 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The collection is further split by size, with two additional oversized boxes containing materials from the same subjects as listed below.","The subjects are described as follows:","African-American History\nAlexandria-Juvenile\nBusinesses\nCivil War and Reconstruction\nCollectables\nCulture\nEvents\nFire\nGovernment\nHistoric Places\nLibrary\nMagazines\nOrganizations\nPersonal Business\nPersonal\nPolitics\nRailroads\nReligion\nSchools\nTourism and Foodways\nTransportation","The manuscripts vertical file is an artificial collection containing a wide variety of unique manuscript items relating to Alexandria, Virginia residents, businesses, organizations, and history.","The majority of the items are manuscript pages but the collection also includes books and ephemera. It is strong in local business advertisements, stationary, and records as well as correspondence, legal and financial papers, memorabilia, and school-related documents. The majority of the documents date from the 19th century, although 18th and 20th century documents are also present.","Some notable documents include: a book of auction records from 1837-1840 including sales of houses, ships, and slaves; an apothecary formula book, several examples of late-18th century legal papers, Civil War passes into Washington for the Leadbeater family, an Alexandria High School student exercise book from 1859-1863, apprenticeship indentures, an 1841 retrocession petition, and records of fires in the city from the 1930s and 1950s.","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Cazenove Family","Cazenove, Harriot E., 1823-1896","Cazenove, Anthony Charles, 1775-1852","Cazenove, Louis A., 1851-1925","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Alexandria History Collection (MS240), 1767/2008"],"collection_ssim":["Alexandria History Collection (MS240), 1767/2008"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS240","/repositories/2/resources/89"],"unitid_tesim":["MS240","/repositories/2/resources/89"],"repository_ssm":["Alexandria Library"],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Cazenove, Harriot E., 1823-1896","Cazenove, Anthony Charles, 1775-1852","Cazenove, Louis A., 1851-1925"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Cazenove Family"],"creators_ssim":["Cazenove, Harriot E., 1823-1896","Cazenove, Anthony Charles, 1775-1852","Cazenove, Louis A., 1851-1925","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Cazenove Family"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was created circa 1976 and was expanded over many years through small donations and acquisitions. Accession information is unavailable for many of the items in the collection."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["8.75 Cubic Feet 14.5 legal size, 2 oversize"],"extent_tesim":["8.75 Cubic Feet 14.5 legal size, 2 oversize"],"dimensions_tesim":["Oversize boxes 24.75x20.75x3.5"],"date_range_isim":[1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFormerly titled \"Vertical File (Manuscript) Collection\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged alphabetically by subject. The collection is further split by size, with two additional oversized boxes containing materials from the same subjects as listed below.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe subjects are described as follows:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfrican-American History\n\u003cbr\u003eAlexandria-Juvenile\n\u003cbr\u003eBusinesses\n\u003cbr\u003eCivil War and Reconstruction\n\u003cbr\u003eCollectables\n\u003cbr\u003eCulture\n\u003cbr\u003eEvents\n\u003cbr\u003eFire\n\u003cbr\u003eGovernment\n\u003cbr\u003eHistoric Places\n\u003cbr\u003eLibrary\n\u003cbr\u003eMagazines\n\u003cbr\u003eOrganizations\n\u003cbr\u003ePersonal Business\n\u003cbr\u003ePersonal\n\u003cbr\u003ePolitics\n\u003cbr\u003eRailroads\n\u003cbr\u003eReligion\n\u003cbr\u003eSchools\n\u003cbr\u003eTourism and Foodways\n\u003cbr\u003eTransportation\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Formerly titled \"Vertical File (Manuscript) Collection\"","The collection is arranged alphabetically by subject. The collection is further split by size, with two additional oversized boxes containing materials from the same subjects as listed below.","The subjects are described as follows:","African-American History\nAlexandria-Juvenile\nBusinesses\nCivil War and Reconstruction\nCollectables\nCulture\nEvents\nFire\nGovernment\nHistoric Places\nLibrary\nMagazines\nOrganizations\nPersonal Business\nPersonal\nPolitics\nRailroads\nReligion\nSchools\nTourism and Foodways\nTransportation"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe manuscripts vertical file is an artificial collection containing a wide variety of unique manuscript items relating to Alexandria, Virginia residents, businesses, organizations, and history.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe majority of the items are manuscript pages but the collection also includes books and ephemera. It is strong in local business advertisements, stationary, and records as well as correspondence, legal and financial papers, memorabilia, and school-related documents. The majority of the documents date from the 19th century, although 18th and 20th century documents are also present.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSome notable documents include: a book of auction records from 1837-1840 including sales of houses, ships, and slaves; an apothecary formula book, several examples of late-18th century legal papers, Civil War passes into Washington for the Leadbeater family, an Alexandria High School student exercise book from 1859-1863, apprenticeship indentures, an 1841 retrocession petition, and records of fires in the city from the 1930s and 1950s.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The manuscripts vertical file is an artificial collection containing a wide variety of unique manuscript items relating to Alexandria, Virginia residents, businesses, organizations, and history.","The majority of the items are manuscript pages but the collection also includes books and ephemera. It is strong in local business advertisements, stationary, and records as well as correspondence, legal and financial papers, memorabilia, and school-related documents. The majority of the documents date from the 19th century, although 18th and 20th century documents are also present.","Some notable documents include: a book of auction records from 1837-1840 including sales of houses, ships, and slaves; an apothecary formula book, several examples of late-18th century legal papers, Civil War passes into Washington for the Leadbeater family, an Alexandria High School student exercise book from 1859-1863, apprenticeship indentures, an 1841 retrocession petition, and records of fires in the city from the 1930s and 1950s."],"corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library"],"famname_ssim":["Cazenove Family"],"persname_ssim":["Cazenove, Harriot E., 1823-1896","Cazenove, Anthony Charles, 1775-1852","Cazenove, Louis A., 1851-1925"],"names_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Cazenove Family","Cazenove, Harriot E., 1823-1896","Cazenove, Anthony Charles, 1775-1852","Cazenove, Louis A., 1851-1925"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":683,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:22:04.515Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_89_c03_c11"}},{"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_399_c04_c01_c31_c04","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Alfred Chapman to Robert E. Lee, 1866","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_399_c04_c01_c31_c04#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Chapman wanted Lee's autograph to give to his children as family heirlooms.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_399_c04_c01_c31_c04#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_399_c04_c01_c31_c04","ref_ssm":["vilxw_repositories_5_resources_399_c04_c01_c31_c04"],"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_399_c04_c01_c31_c04","ead_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_399","_root_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_399","_nest_parent_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_399_c04_c01_c31","parent_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_399_c04_c01_c31","parent_ssim":["Robert E. Lee Family papers, 1792/1935, bulk 1833/1870","Letters to and about Robert E. Lee, 1837/1870","Letters to and about Robert E. Lee, 1837/1866","Correspondences, 1866"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vilxw_repositories_5_resources_399","vilxw_repositories_5_resources_399_c04","vilxw_repositories_5_resources_399_c04_c01","vilxw_repositories_5_resources_399_c04_c01_c31"],"title_filing_ssi":"Alfred Chapman to Robert E. Lee","title_ssm":["Alfred Chapman to Robert E. Lee"],"title_tesim":["Alfred Chapman to Robert E. Lee"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alfred Chapman to Robert E. Lee, 1866"],"text":["Alfred Chapman to Robert E. Lee, 1866","Robert E. Lee Family papers, 1792/1935, bulk 1833/1870","Letters to and about Robert E. Lee, 1837/1870","Letters to and about Robert E. Lee, 1837/1866","Correspondences, 1866","box 7","folder 31","English","Chapman wanted Lee's autograph to give to his children as family heirlooms."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Robert E. Lee Family papers, 1792/1935, bulk 1833/1870","Letters to and about Robert E. Lee, 1837/1870","Letters to and about Robert E. Lee, 1837/1866","Correspondences, 1866"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Robert E. Lee Family papers, 1792/1935, bulk 1833/1870","Letters to and about Robert E. Lee, 1837/1870","Letters to and about Robert E. Lee, 1837/1866","Correspondences, 1866"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1866"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1866-01-19"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[4],"sort_isi":820,"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"collection_ssim":["Robert E. Lee Family papers, 1792/1935, bulk 1833/1870"],"containers_ssim":["box 7","folder 31"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research use. When available, photocopies, digital surrogates, or other reproductions must be used in place of original documents."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source."],"language_ssim":["English"],"date_range_isim":[1866],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_ab5c037e41ac4456d95c6938d2350135\"\u003eChapman wanted Lee's autograph to give to his children as family heirlooms.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Chapman wanted Lee's autograph to give to his children as family heirlooms."],"_nest_path_":"/components#3/components#0/components#30/components#3","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:38:20.627Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_399","ead_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_399","_root_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_399","_nest_parent_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_399","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WLU/repositories_5_resources_399.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Robert E. Lee Family papers","title_ssm":["Robert E. Lee Family papers"],"title_tesim":["Robert E. Lee Family papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["Inclusive 1792-1935","1833-1870"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["Inclusive 1792-1935"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1833-1870"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1792/1935, bulk 1833/1870"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Robert E. Lee Family papers, 1792/1935, bulk 1833/1870"],"text":["Robert E. Lee Family papers, 1792/1935, bulk 1833/1870","WLU.Coll.0064","/repositories/5/resources/399","Virginia -- Lexington","United States -- Confederate States of America","Virginia","Virginia--Arlington","Printed ephemera","Military orders","Correspondence","Postwar reconstruction","University purchasing","Administration","University autonomy","University towns","Civil war","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Pamphlets","Photographs","The collection is open for research use. When available, photocopies, digital surrogates, or other reproductions must be used in place of original documents.","View materials from this collection online via W \u0026 L's Digital Archive","This collection contains primary and secondary resources pertaining to Robert E. Lee and the Lee family. Included are correspondences from, to, and about Lee and various family members; memorabilia, pamphlets, photographs, reminiscences, miscellaneous personal papers, family history and genealogy. The collection includes materials acquired from the Lee family and items donated to and purchased and compiled by W\u0026L University since Lee's tenure as president of Washington College from 1865 - 1870. Adminstrative papers, such as President's Reports, etc..., from Robert E. Lee's presidency of the school may be found within the W\u0026L University Archives. Please contact W\u0026L Special Collections for information regarding the University Archives.","The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.","Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Arlington House, the Robert E. Lee Memorial (Va.) -- Robert E. Lee","Washington College (Lexington, Va.)","Confederate States of America. Army of Northern Virginia","United States Military Academy","United States. Army","Confederate States of America. Army","Confederate States of America","Bank of Lexington (Lexington, Va.)","Richardson \u0026 Co.","Washington and Lee University. Graham Philanthropic Society","Franklin Society and Library Company of Lexington (Lexington, Va.)","Jones Bros. \u0026 Co. Subscription Book Publishers","Bethany College","Clariosophic Society","Southern University (Greensboro, Alabama)","Virginia Central Railroad Company","Virginia Military Institute","Philodemic Society","Georgetown University","Lancaster \u0026 Co.","Washington College","Southern Express Company","Burke, Herbert \u0026 Co.","Southern Relief Association","Blakeney \u0026 Co.","Philologic Society","Westminster College (Fulton, MO)","Leslie \u0026 Botts, Attorneys at Law","Butler, Perrigo and Way","Demosthenian Society","University of Georgia","Roanoke College","Great Southern \u0026 Western Accident \u0026 Life Insurance Co.","Stonewall Institute","Jefferson Davis Society","James River and Kanawha Company (Richmond, Va.)","Virginia Mining and Manufacturing Bureau","Centre College (Danville, Ky. : 1918- )","Periclean Society","University of Kentucky","Louisiana State University (Baton Rouge, La.)","Lee Society","University of Maryland","American Publishing Company","College of William \u0026 Mary","Jackson Society","American Civil War (United States : 1861-1865)","United States--Confederate States of America","Eunomian Literary Society","Masonic College (La Grange, Ky.)","The Teachers' Association of Virginia","United States. Army. Ohio Infantry Regiment, 145th (1864)","Confederate States of America. Army. Virginia Cavalry Regiment, 4th","Big Sandy Coal, Oil and Mining Company","Sargent, Wilson \u0026 Hinkle","University of Virginia","Confederate States of America. Army. Sibley Brigade","The Houston Telegraph","Soule University","Coal River Navigation Company","Silver Sunbeam Photography Studio","The National Star","Confederate States of America. Army. Mississippi Infantry Regiment, 30th","Philp \u0026 Solomon","Gardner's Photographic Art Gallery","Fairview Academy","Department of Western Kentucky","The Memphis Commercial","Charles Town Christian Association","Woods, Yeatman, \u0026 Co.","Urbana Union","Virginia Hotel","Jenifer \u0026 Brother General Purchasing and Sale Agency","Confederate States of America. Army. Virginia Cavalry Regiment, 8th","Strobridge Lithographing Company","Stonewall Literary Society","Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute","École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris","H. Myers \u0026 Co.","Messers. Bellot des Miniers, Bros. \u0026 Co.","Confederate States of America. Army. Cavalry","Confederate States of America. Army. Tennessee Brigade","Automatic Gas Company of Baltimore","Confederate States of America. Congress.","United States. Congress","United States. Army of the Potomac","Virginia. Militia. Richmond Light Infantry Blues","Raleigh Sentinel Newspaper","Confederate States of America. Army. Texas Brigade","Dolbear Commercial College","Confederate States of America. Navy","Confederate States of America. War Department","Blelock \u0026 Co","Confederate States of America. Army of Northern Virginia. Early's Division","Confederate States of America. Army of Northern Virginia. Corps, 3rd","Confederate States of America. Army of Northern Virginia. Corps, 2nd","John Murray (Firm)","Longman (Firm)","Confederate States of America. Army. Staunton Artillery","Great Southern and Western Life and Accident Insurance Company","Mount de Chental Visitation Academy","Mercer University","Dover Mines","Natchez Institute","Hampden-Sydney College","The Brandon Republican","Summerville Institute","Educational Association of Virginia","Sohier and Welch","Lee family","Jackson family","Washington Family","Cordes Family","Leyburn family","Carson family","Lutz family","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","Bowe, William McCloud","Washington, John Augustine, 1821 - 1861","Turner, Edward","Taylor, Walter H.","Gray, Granville, Lieutenant","Marshall, Charles","Campbell, J. L. (John Lyle)","Root, V. M.","White, William S. (William Spotswood)","Kinckle, William H.","Stuart, Caroline","Waddill, Frank A.","Mackay, John","Kemble, Fanny","Eliason, W. A., Captain","Beauregard, G. T. (Gustave Toutant), 1818-1893","Lee, George Washington Custis","Lee, William Henry Fitzhugh, 1837-1891","Gratiot, Julia","Totten, Joseph Gilbert, 1788-1864","Lee, Annie Carter","Bonaparte, Jérôme Napoléon, 1805-1870","Bonaparte, Jérôme Napoléon, 1830-1893","Conrad, Charles Magill, 1804-1878","Peters (Benson), Caroline Cora","Burwell, Nat","Davis, Jefferson, 1808-1889","Scott, Winfield, 1786-1866","Lee, Charles Carter","Jackson, Thomas Jonathan (Stonewall)","Ewell, Richard Stoddert, 1817-1872","Clark, Henry T. (Henry Toole), 1808-1874","McClellan, George B. (George Brinton), 1826-1885","Imboden, John D. (John Daniel)","Pendleton, William Nelson, 1809-1883","Burnside, Ambrose Everett","Long, A. L. (Armistead Lindsay), 1827-1891","Lee, Mary Custis","Edmondson, James K., Colonel","Leech, J. M.","McGuire, Hunter, M.D.","Conner, W. C.","Polk, James K. (James Knox)","Smith, William E.","Hearne, C. C.","Swayne, John F","Clay, John C. J.","Castleman, J. G.","Owen, G. L.","Mitchell, J. A.","Preston, Frank","Graves, W. S.","Lee, Henry","Hotchkiss, Jedediah, 1828-1899","McCutchan, Frank, Rev.","Gratiot, Charles, 1786-1855","Putnam, Haldibrand Sumner, 1836 - 1863","Grant, Ulysses S. (Ulysses Simpson), 1822-1885","Letcher, John","Brockenbrough, John","Reid, Samuel McDowell","Leyburn, Alfred","Christian, Bolivar","Kirkpatrick, Thomas J. (Jellis), 1829-1897","Mahone, William","Lee, Fitzhugh, 1835-1905","Hill, A. P.  (A. Powell)","Early, Jubal Anderson, 1816-1894","Smith, Francis H., Colonel (Francis Henney)","Jackson, Mary Anna Morrison, 1831 - 1915","Walker, John George","Trimble, Isaac Ridgeway","Parker, William Harwar","Glore, W. Scott","Dorman, J. B.","Tucker, John Randolph","Cocke, William Archer, Judge","Temple, J.","Williams, J. B.","Anderson, W. W.","Patterson, Robert H.","Finnegan, Joseph","Snow, William Parker","Richardson, C. B.","Taylor, M.","Magruder, H. B.","Dabney, R. 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(Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus), 1825-1893","Lee , George Taylor, 1848-1933","Lacy, John Alexander, 1850-1923","Signaigo, Augustine John, II, 1861-1943","McRae, David","Randolph, Mary Henry T. (Mary Henry Taylor), 1859-1935","Vaughan , James English, 1846-","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Robert E. Lee Family papers, 1792/1935, bulk 1833/1870"],"collection_ssim":["Robert E. 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Any materials used should be fully credited with the source."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Printed ephemera","Military orders","Correspondence","Postwar reconstruction","University purchasing","Administration","University autonomy","University towns","Civil war","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Pamphlets","Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Printed ephemera","Military orders","Correspondence","Postwar reconstruction","University purchasing","Administration","University autonomy","University towns","Civil war","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Pamphlets","Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["24 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["24 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use. When available, photocopies, digital surrogates, or other reproductions must be used in place of original documents.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use. When available, photocopies, digital surrogates, or other reproductions must be used in place of original documents."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://repository.wlu.edu/handle/11021/24004\"\u003eView materials from this collection online via W \u0026amp; L's Digital Archive\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Online Access"],"altformavail_tesim":["View materials from this collection online via W \u0026 L's Digital Archive"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Robert E. Lee Family Papers, WLU Coll 0064, Special Collections and Archives, James G. Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA.\u003cp\u003eIn some cases the citation format may vary. Please contact Special Collections' staff to verify the appropriate format.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Robert E. Lee Family Papers, WLU Coll 0064, Special Collections and Archives, James G. Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA.In some cases the citation format may vary. Please contact Special Collections' staff to verify the appropriate format."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains primary and secondary resources pertaining to Robert E. Lee and the Lee family. Included are correspondences from, to, and about Lee and various family members; memorabilia, pamphlets, photographs, reminiscences, miscellaneous personal papers, family history and genealogy. The collection includes materials acquired from the Lee family and items donated to and purchased and compiled by W\u0026amp;L University since Lee's tenure as president of Washington College from 1865 - 1870. Adminstrative papers, such as President's Reports, etc..., from Robert E. Lee's presidency of the school may be found within the W\u0026amp;L University Archives. Please contact W\u0026amp;L Special Collections for information regarding the University Archives.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains primary and secondary resources pertaining to Robert E. Lee and the Lee family. Included are correspondences from, to, and about Lee and various family members; memorabilia, pamphlets, photographs, reminiscences, miscellaneous personal papers, family history and genealogy. The collection includes materials acquired from the Lee family and items donated to and purchased and compiled by W\u0026L University since Lee's tenure as president of Washington College from 1865 - 1870. Adminstrative papers, such as President's Reports, etc..., from Robert E. Lee's presidency of the school may be found within the W\u0026L University Archives. Please contact W\u0026L Special Collections for information regarding the University Archives."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source."],"corpname_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Arlington House, the Robert E. Lee Memorial (Va.) -- Robert E. Lee","Washington College (Lexington, Va.)","Confederate States of America. Army of Northern Virginia","United States Military Academy","United States. Army","Confederate States of America. Army","Confederate States of America","Bank of Lexington (Lexington, Va.)","Richardson \u0026 Co.","Washington and Lee University. Graham Philanthropic Society","Franklin Society and Library Company of Lexington (Lexington, Va.)","Jones Bros. \u0026 Co. Subscription Book Publishers","Bethany College","Clariosophic Society","Southern University (Greensboro, Alabama)","Virginia Central Railroad Company","Virginia Military Institute","Philodemic Society","Georgetown University","Lancaster \u0026 Co.","Washington College","Southern Express Company","Burke, Herbert \u0026 Co.","Southern Relief Association","Blakeney \u0026 Co.","Philologic Society","Westminster College (Fulton, MO)","Leslie \u0026 Botts, Attorneys at Law","Butler, Perrigo and Way","Demosthenian Society","University of Georgia","Roanoke College","Great Southern \u0026 Western Accident \u0026 Life Insurance Co.","Stonewall Institute","Jefferson Davis Society","James River and Kanawha Company (Richmond, Va.)","Virginia Mining and Manufacturing Bureau","Centre College (Danville, Ky. : 1918- )","Periclean Society","University of Kentucky","Louisiana State University (Baton Rouge, La.)","Lee Society","University of Maryland","American Publishing Company","College of William \u0026 Mary","Jackson Society","American Civil War (United States : 1861-1865)","United States--Confederate States of America","Eunomian Literary Society","Masonic College (La Grange, Ky.)","The Teachers' Association of Virginia","United States. Army. Ohio Infantry Regiment, 145th (1864)","Confederate States of America. Army. Virginia Cavalry Regiment, 4th","Big Sandy Coal, Oil and Mining Company","Sargent, Wilson \u0026 Hinkle","University of Virginia","Confederate States of America. Army. Sibley Brigade","The Houston Telegraph","Soule University","Coal River Navigation Company","Silver Sunbeam Photography Studio","The National Star","Confederate States of America. Army. Mississippi Infantry Regiment, 30th","Philp \u0026 Solomon","Gardner's Photographic Art Gallery","Fairview Academy","Department of Western Kentucky","The Memphis Commercial","Charles Town Christian Association","Woods, Yeatman, \u0026 Co.","Urbana Union","Virginia Hotel","Jenifer \u0026 Brother General Purchasing and Sale Agency","Confederate States of America. Army. Virginia Cavalry Regiment, 8th","Strobridge Lithographing Company","Stonewall Literary Society","Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute","École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris","H. Myers \u0026 Co.","Messers. Bellot des Miniers, Bros. \u0026 Co.","Confederate States of America. Army. Cavalry","Confederate States of America. Army. Tennessee Brigade","Automatic Gas Company of Baltimore","Confederate States of America. Congress.","United States. Congress","United States. Army of the Potomac","Virginia. Militia. Richmond Light Infantry Blues","Raleigh Sentinel Newspaper","Confederate States of America. Army. Texas Brigade","Dolbear Commercial College","Confederate States of America. Navy","Confederate States of America. War Department","Blelock \u0026 Co","Confederate States of America. Army of Northern Virginia. Early's Division","Confederate States of America. Army of Northern Virginia. Corps, 3rd","Confederate States of America. Army of Northern Virginia. Corps, 2nd","John Murray (Firm)","Longman (Firm)","Confederate States of America. Army. Staunton Artillery","Great Southern and Western Life and Accident Insurance Company","Mount de Chental Visitation Academy","Mercer University","Dover Mines","Natchez Institute","Hampden-Sydney College","The Brandon Republican","Summerville Institute","Educational Association of Virginia","Sohier and Welch"],"names_coll_ssim":["Arlington House, the Robert E. Lee Memorial (Va.) -- Robert E. Lee","Washington College (Lexington, Va.)","Confederate States of America. Army of Northern Virginia"],"famname_ssim":["Lee family","Jackson family","Washington Family","Cordes Family","Leyburn family","Carson family","Lutz family"],"persname_ssim":["Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","Bowe, William McCloud","Washington, John Augustine, 1821 - 1861","Turner, Edward","Taylor, Walter H.","Gray, Granville, Lieutenant","Marshall, Charles","Campbell, J. L. (John Lyle)","Root, V. M.","White, William S. (William Spotswood)","Kinckle, William H.","Stuart, Caroline","Waddill, Frank A.","Mackay, John","Kemble, Fanny","Eliason, W. A., Captain","Beauregard, G. T. (Gustave Toutant), 1818-1893","Lee, George Washington Custis","Lee, William Henry Fitzhugh, 1837-1891","Gratiot, Julia","Totten, Joseph Gilbert, 1788-1864","Lee, Annie Carter","Bonaparte, Jérôme Napoléon, 1805-1870","Bonaparte, Jérôme Napoléon, 1830-1893","Conrad, Charles Magill, 1804-1878","Peters (Benson), Caroline Cora","Burwell, Nat","Davis, Jefferson, 1808-1889","Scott, Winfield, 1786-1866","Lee, Charles Carter","Jackson, Thomas Jonathan (Stonewall)","Ewell, Richard Stoddert, 1817-1872","Clark, Henry T. (Henry Toole), 1808-1874","McClellan, George B. (George Brinton), 1826-1885","Imboden, John D. (John Daniel)","Pendleton, William Nelson, 1809-1883","Burnside, Ambrose Everett","Long, A. L. (Armistead Lindsay), 1827-1891","Lee, Mary Custis","Edmondson, James K., Colonel","Leech, J. M.","McGuire, Hunter, M.D.","Conner, W. C.","Polk, James K. (James Knox)","Smith, William E.","Hearne, C. C.","Swayne, John F","Clay, John C. J.","Castleman, J. G.","Owen, G. L.","Mitchell, J. A.","Preston, Frank","Graves, W. S.","Lee, Henry","Hotchkiss, Jedediah, 1828-1899","McCutchan, Frank, Rev.","Gratiot, Charles, 1786-1855","Putnam, Haldibrand Sumner, 1836 - 1863","Grant, Ulysses S. (Ulysses Simpson), 1822-1885","Letcher, John","Brockenbrough, John","Reid, Samuel McDowell","Leyburn, Alfred","Christian, Bolivar","Kirkpatrick, Thomas J. (Jellis), 1829-1897","Mahone, William","Lee, Fitzhugh, 1835-1905","Hill, A. P.  (A. Powell)","Early, Jubal Anderson, 1816-1894","Smith, Francis H., Colonel (Francis Henney)","Jackson, Mary Anna Morrison, 1831 - 1915","Walker, John George","Trimble, Isaac Ridgeway","Parker, William Harwar","Glore, W. Scott","Dorman, J. B.","Tucker, John Randolph","Cocke, William Archer, Judge","Temple, J.","Williams, J. B.","Anderson, W. W.","Patterson, Robert H.","Finnegan, Joseph","Snow, William Parker","Richardson, C. B.","Taylor, M.","Magruder, H. B.","Dabney, R. L.","Stewart, George J.","Jones, Sam Beach","Wilson, Rathmell","Wilson, Thomas Bellerby","Woodward, C. H. , Major","Anderson, Samuel H.","Lawton, Alexander Robert","Jackson, Henry Rootes","Anderson, Edward Clifford","Mays, John B.","Garmany, George Washington","DeLahoussaye, Charles O.","Gibbs, M. A.","Tyler, Samuel","Davis, L.","Black, W. M.","Glascock, John Raglan","Heck, J. B.","Branch, J. P.","Jervey, L.","Robertson, A. B.","Farrar, E. F., Mrs.","De Moss, Annie","Buford, A. S.","Marlin, William P.","Lee, Sydney Smith","Warner, J.","Joannes, George, Count","Clarke, M. S.","Dawson, Henry B.","Hubbard, C. R.","Magruder, Frank","Mulee, D. S.","Taylor, John M.","Waters, Charles E.","Lee, Robert E., Jr., 1843-1914","Saulsbury, J. Lawrence","Moore, W. P.","Gillespie, George L., Jr., Maj.","Gillespie, Thomas","Sheley, Horace","Botts, Willam H.","Leslie, Bedford","Brazelton, William","Johns, J., Bishop","Cordes, Theodora","Cordes, Amelia","Byrnes, Mary","Cordes, Theodore, Captain","Wittecher, Louisa","Slaughter, Mary G.","Arnold, Stark William, Rev","Leyburn, George W.","Smith, M. B., Mrs.","Handely, J. M.","Pollard, Edward A. (Edward Alfred), 1831-1872","Neal, W. S.","Longstreet, J.","Johns, J., Jr.","Doetsh, Julius Edmund, M.D.","McGuire, W. H.","Ellis, Thomas Harding","Howarth, J. Speer","Emanuel, J.","Branner, George M.","Branner, Hardy Bryan","Bryan, Rudolph","Middleton, E. C.","Brady, Mathew","Lapsley, John Whitfield, Col.","Lapsley, John B.","Stith, Benjamin B.","McNeill, Thomas E.","Early, William W.","Ray, N. S.","Hunter, William","Hadden, E. L.","Hocker, J. L.","Newton, C.","Dancey, William F.","Barnett, Sam","Barnett, William H.","von Clausenwitz, Lt.","Dent, John Marshall","Freuman, C. G.","Kinnon, William H.","Stuart, S. D.","Green, George William","Moore, P. T.","Antisell, Thomas","Willard, Emma","Burr, J. B.","Scranton, S. S.","Williamson, John A. G., 1844-1891","Woodson, Meade, 1843-1882","Folkes, William C., 1845-1890","Bain, Fanny","Munford, Thomas Taylor, 1831-1916","Kilpatrick, Judson, 1836-1881","Leavenworth, Abner Johnson, Rev., 1803-1869","Cole, Charles W., 1842-1923","Williams, R. G.","Hedden, Edward Long, 1828-1893","Henderson, S. J.","McConnell, Charles Lewis, Judge, 1825-1906","Nelson, Alexander Lockhart, 1827-1910","McGuffey, William Holmes, 1800-1873","McLean, Wilmer, 1814-1882","Reily, Ellen Hart, b. ca. 1814","Reily, James, 1811-1863","Mason, Emily V. (Emily Virginia), 1815-1909","Hull, Edward Bordie, Jr., 1839-1921","Vigus, Algernon Sidney, c.1808-d.1873","Custis, George Washington Parke, 1781-1857","Lee, Mary Randolph Custis, 1807-1883","Brown, Hezekiah George David (H. G. D.), 1824-1877","Andrews, C. W. (Charles Wesley), 1807-1875","Andrews, Sarah Walker (Page), 1811-1863","Elliott, Benjamin S., 1830-1884","Hill, David Edgar, 1819-1873","Clark, Robert S., Rev.","Turner, George Paul","Davis, William Van, 1828-1884","Ellert, W., Captain","Sallis, P. G., M.D.","Gossing, Sam, Captain","Hope, William H.","Richardson, Charles B.","Gardner, Alexander, 1821-1882","Conner, Lemuel Parker, 1827-1891","Conner, William C.","Sullivan, John O.","Cunningham, S. P.","Newcomb, Warren, 1814-1866","Newcomb, R. E., Judge","Warren, Joseph, 1741-1775","Roman, André Bienvenu, 1795-1866","Quarles, William Andrew, 1825-1893","Venable, Charles S. (Charles Scott), 1827-1900","Holiday, Alexander","Walton, Edward Payson, Reverend, 1829-1900","Harris, Carter James","Caskie, James Kerr, 1818-1868","Lee, Mary Anna Custis Randolph, 1807-1873","Lee, Mildred Childe, 1846-1905","Alexander, Agnes Caskie","Vannerson, Julian, 1827-","Smith, M. L. (Martin Luther), 1819-1866","Campbell, E. H.","Banks, Clara","Barringer, Lewin Wethered, 1850-1900","Greer, J. L.","Bowie, Oden, 1826-1894","Smith, James Woods","Rosan, S. D.","Myrick, Elizabeth S. (Dowdell), 1824-1889","Myrick, James Dowdell, 1846-1910","Barling, Henry A.","Tonge, Samuel D.","Winston, John Reynolds, 1839-1888","Matthews, John E.","Mayer, Henry F.","Mitchell, James A.","James, John Hough, 1800-1881","Peyton, George Lyttleton, 1829-1909","Cochrane, S. S. Louisa, 1820-1897","Cochrane, William G. (William Gilbert) \"Gilly\", 1848-1913","Dillon, Dominick James, 1825-1908","Megan, R. L.","Jenifer, Walter Hanson, 1823-1878","Netterville, Chestley, 1847-1924","Carson, William Waller, 1845-1930","Carson, James Green, Jr., 1847-1887","Carson, Edward Lees, 1848-1905","Lees, Catharine Waller, 1815-1888","Landes, S. G.","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","Bullwinkle, F.","Bishop, Carter Richard, 1849-1941","Jones, Edward B.","Scott, G. W.","Baugh, James, d. 1877","Rothwell, Richard P. (Richard Pennefather), 1836-1901","Richardson, Robert V., 1820-1870","Reneau, N. S.","Slicer, Thomas Roberts, 1847-1916","Slicer, Henry, 1801-1874","Wright, Daniel F.","Frazier","Bell, Caspar Wistar, 1819-1898","Heagan, John","Clark, John B. (John Bullock), 1802-1885","Barlow, Warren S.","Middleton, Elijah C.","Buckner, Simon Bolivar, 1823-1914","Cooke, J. Esten, Jr.","Jones, J. B. (John Beauchamp), 1810-1866","Wynne, Charles H., 1822-1870","Lee, Henry, 1756-1818","Burr, Ancrum B.","Johnston, Edward","Johnston, B. W.","Mimms, John","O'Brien, Edwin","Levy, Ezekiel Jacob, 1833-1908","Jarvis, George William, 1832-1913","DePriest, Emmett E., 1842-1903","Rucker, Houston, 1835-1911","Gales, Seaton, 1828-1878","Ramseur, Stephen Dodson, 1837-1864","Appleton, George Dawes, 1818-1890","Appleton, George Hough, 1854-1930","Adkisson, John T., 1841-1880","Dumble, James F., 1829-1911","Dumble, E. T. (Edwin Theodore), 1852-1927","Ward, William Norvell, Reverend, 1805-1881","Ward, Mattie","Heun, J. F.","Nettleton, W. H.","Warren, Josiah","Moore, Horatio Richardson, 1833-1926","Somervell, William T., 1846-1920","Lovell, Mansfield, 1822-1884","McLaws, Lafayette, 1821-1897","Dabney, Robert Lewis, 1820-1898","Hull, Lizzie C.","Walworth, Jeannette H., 1837-1918","Johnson, Edward, 1816-1873","Hunter, David, 1802-1886","Sheridan, Philip Henry, 1831-1888","Magruder, John Bankhead, 1807-1871","Letcher, John, 1813-1884","Pierson, Aaron Howell, Sr., 1810-1875","Pierson, Aaron Howell, Jr., 1847-1921","McCabe, James D., 1842-1883","Thompson, R.","Jones, Samuel Beach, Rev., 1811-1883","Lewis, Robert W., Jr., 1839-1920","Atkinson, Charles A.","Freemantle, Arthur James Lyon, Sir, 1835-1901","Stuart, J.E.B. (James Ewell Brown), 1833-1864","Reed, William B. (William Bradford), 1806-1876","Stephens, Alexander H. (Alexander Hamilton), 1812-1883","LaFever, John Speck, 1848-1888","Gatwood, Wesley Emmett, Dr., 1845-1924","Garber, Augustus Machim, ca.1811-d.1890","O'Donovan, William Rudolph, 1844-1920","Williams, C.","Linton, Mary B. (Mary Baptista), Sister, 1822-1901","Miley, Michael, 1841-1918","Barnard, Frederick A. P. (Frederick Augustus Porter), 1809-1889","White, Robert B., D. D., ca.1817-ca.1882","Stone, Charles Pomeroy, 1824-1887","Guild, Lafayette, 1825-1870","Stevens, W. H. (Walter H.)","McCown, B. H. (Burr Harrison), 1806-1881","Henry, Joseph, b. ca. 1847","Moore, J. B., b. ca. 1847","Hewett, J.","Rogers, James P. (James Patterson), 1839-1904","Mathers, Samuel S., Lieutenant, b. ca. 1840","Park, W. C.","Schele de Vere, M. (Maximilian), 1820-1898","Moses, A. J. (Andrew Jackson), b. ca.1847-1911","Ditzler, J.","Bledsoe, Albert Taylor, 1809-1877","Jones, Caroline Wright","Lee, Anne Carter, 1839-1862","Rolfe, W. G. (William Greenleaf), 1826-1909","Hardaway, Mary","Hobday, George J. (George Jonadab), 1847-ca.1927","Rogers, William A., ca.1820-d.1881","Jones, Charles R., b. ca. 1845","Allen, Mary C.","Montgomery, A. J. (Albert Jefer), b. ca. 1844","Kemper, Delaware B. \"Del\", 1833-1899","Wash, W. A.","Green, Duff, 1791-1875","Maynard, Benjamin G. (Benjamin Green), b. ca. 1848","Hampton, Wade, 1818-1902","Heatley, J. W., b. ca. 1849","Bullock, Waller O. (Waller Overton), 1842-1903","Frantz, A. J.","Eaton, T. T. (Thomas Treadwell), 1845-1907","Smith, Adelbert","Harrison, John T.","Mayse, George Anderson, 1826-1903","McKinley, Alexander","McClellan, R. M.","Anderson, David L.","Wethered, Samuel, 1814-1874","Edwards, J. S. (James Springfield)","Burson, John Edward","McCulloh, R. S. (Richard Sears), 1818-1894","French, B. F. (Benjamin Franklin), 1799-1877","Rains, Gabriel James, 1803-1881","Shanks, Jesse W.","Brown, W. A. (William A.), b. ca. 1849","Collins, William W.","Abbott, W. R.","Rice, H. A. (Hampton A.), 1840-1884","Jernigan, H. L. (Hampton Lea), Jr., 1848-1882","Welch, Charles A. (Charles Alfred), Sr., 1815-1908","Welch, Francis C. (Francis Clarke), 1850-1919","Gordon, E. C. (Edward Clifford), 1842-1922","Allan, William, 1837-1889","Hill, D. H. (Daniel Harvey), 1821-1889","Johnston, Joseph E. (Joseph Eggleston), 1807-1891","Porter, Fitz-John, 1822-1901","Bond, Christiana","Bailey, William Whitman, 1843 - 1914","Campbell, Henry Donald","Hobson, John P. (John Peyton), 1850-1934","Chester, Samuel H.","Cooke, Giles B.","Johnston, William Preston","Dixon, Frank McClung, 1900-1980","Denison, George T.  (George Taylor), 1839-1925","Jones, Carter H., Dr. (Carter Helm), 1861-1946","Joynes, Edward S.","Bruce, George S. , 1859 - ?","Bruce, Sarah Helen, 1860 - 1955","Barbour, Edward Alexander, 1859-1937","McCorkle, Emmett W., Dr., 1855-1938","Norfleet, Thomas S. (Thomas Spruill), 1849-1942","Lamar, L. Q. C. (Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus), 1825-1893","Lee , George Taylor, 1848-1933","Lacy, John Alexander, 1850-1923","Signaigo, Augustine John, II, 1861-1943","McRae, David","Randolph, Mary Henry T. (Mary Henry Taylor), 1859-1935","Vaughan , James English, 1846-"],"names_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Arlington House, the Robert E. Lee Memorial (Va.) -- Robert E. Lee","Washington College (Lexington, Va.)","Confederate States of America. Army of Northern Virginia","United States Military Academy","United States. Army","Confederate States of America. Army","Confederate States of America","Bank of Lexington (Lexington, Va.)","Richardson \u0026 Co.","Washington and Lee University. Graham Philanthropic Society","Franklin Society and Library Company of Lexington (Lexington, Va.)","Jones Bros. \u0026 Co. 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Bradley largely concerns his service, first as Military Observer and then as First Chief Surgeon, with the American Expeditionary Force (AEF) in England and France between 1916 and 1918. The bulk of the collection consists of papers and documents covering the period May 1916 through June 1918 and concerns Bradley's service in Europe during World War I. The collection includes correspondence and documents mainly relating to Bradley's official capacity as Military Observer and Chief Surgeon as well as letters and documents of a personal nature.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9237#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9237","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9237","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9237","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9237","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_9237.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Bradley, Alfred E. Collection","title_ssm":["Alfred E. Bradley Papers"],"title_tesim":["Alfred E. Bradley Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1864-1922","May 1916-June 1918"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1864-1922"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["May 1916-June 1918"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1864/1922, bulk 1916/1918"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alfred E. Bradley Papers, 1864/1922, bulk 1916/1918"],"text":["Alfred E. Bradley Papers, 1864/1922, bulk 1916/1918","Mss. Acc. 2007.59","/repositories/2/resources/9237","Diseases","World War, 1914-1918","World War, 1914-1918--France","World War, 1914-1918--Medical and sanitary affairs","World War, 1914-1918--Medical care--France","United States. Army--Surgeons","Correspondence","Military records","Collection open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Series 1: Military Correspondence and Related Documents, Series 2: Personal Correspondence and Related Documents, Series 3: Hospital and Medical Equipment Information, Series 4: Manuscript and Series 5: Miscellaneous Papers.","Alfred Eugene Bradley (1864-1922) was born in Jamestown, New York. He studied medicine at Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia graduating in 1887. That same year he married Letitia M. Follett (1867-1946).","Dr. Bradley entered the Army Medical Corps in 1888 as a First Lieutenant and Assistant Surgeon at David's Island (Fort Slocum) in New York Harbor. He later served at Fort Omaha, Nebraska and Fort Sully, South Dakota, with temporary duties at the Bellevue Rifle Range and the Sioux uprising at the Rose Bud Indian Agency in South Dakota. In 1893, he achieved the rank of Captain and moved on to commands Fort Custer, Michigan and Fort Yellowstone, Wyoming.","During the Spanish-American War and the Philippine Insurrection, Bradley served on a hospital ship traveling to Cuba, Puerto Rico, Gibraltar, Japan, and Hawaii. Later, he served at Fort Snelling, Minnesota, as Attending Surgeon in the Philippines, at Jefferson Barracks, Missouri, as Commanding Officer of the division hospital in the Philippines, at the Grand Army of the Republic encampment of Civil War veterans at Gettysburg in 1913, and at Governor's Island, New York.","Soon after the United States entered the war in April, 1917, Bradley was promoted to First Chief Surgeon with the American Expeditionary Force in France. He served in that capacity until May, 1918 when he was relieved of his post, and returned to the United States because of illness. In 1919, Bradley was awarded the Distinguished Service Medal for his service abroad.","Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: http://scrc.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Alfred E. Bradley.","Papers spanning a wider timeframe in the life of Bradley can be found at the Thomas Jefferson University Archives and Special Collections in Philadelphia, Accession MS 012, titled Alfred E. Bradley Collection, 1885-1935 (bulk 1887-1919).","The collection of Alfred E. Bradley largely concerns his service, first as Military Observer and then as First Chief Surgeon, with the American Expeditionary Force (AEF) in England and France between 1916 and 1918. The bulk of the collection consists of papers and documents covering the period May 1916 through June 1918 and concerns Bradley's service in Europe during World War I. The collection includes correspondence and documents mainly relating to  Bradley's official capacity as Military Observer and Chief Surgeon as well as letters and documents of a personal nature.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","United States. Army. American Expeditionary Forces","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Alfred E. Bradley Papers, 1864/1922, bulk 1916/1918"],"collection_ssim":["Alfred E. Bradley Papers, 1864/1922, bulk 1916/1918"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss. Acc. 2007.59","/repositories/2/resources/9237"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss. 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Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. 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Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. 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Du Pont School District","Bobbs-Merrill Company","Davis \u0026 Brother, Inc.","Richards \u0026 Affeld","Brentano's (Firm)","Tiffany Studios (New York, N.Y.). Ecclesiastical Department","Carrère \u0026 Hastings","St. Stephen's Episcopal Church (Norwood, Pennsylvania)","Battle Creek Sanitarium (Battle Creek, Mich.)","Massena and Du Pont","Phillips Academy","Bordentown Military Institute","Harriman Naitonal Bank","Du Pont Maternity Hospital","Wilmington Morning News","Every Evening Wilmington","Wilmington (Del.). Department of Police","Delaware Ledger","Okonite Company","Service Citizens of Delaware","Atlas Powder Company","East Texas Oil, Gas, and Mineral Company","Rocky Mountain National Bank","American International Oil Corporation","Cambridge Yacht Club","Edmund Kelly Real Estate","The Club-Fellow \u0026 Washington Mirror","Glaze \u0026 Fine law firm","New York World","United States. Department of the Treasury","Equitable Guarantee and Trust Co.","Tonkin Du Pont Graphite Co.","Harriman National Bank","Corn Exchange National Bank","Franklin Trust Company (Philadelphia, PA)","Public Service Company of Colorado","Denver Gas and Electric Light Co.","The First National Bank of the City of New York","French American Constructive Corporation","Nemours Trading Corporation","E.I. du Pont de Nemours \u0026 Company","Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company","Brandywine Realty","Delaware Barber Company","Delaware State Chamber of Commerce","Everett Railway, Light and Water Company","Hotel du Pont","Harding Peeling Machine Company","Liberty Brand Canning Company","Delaware Packing Company","Gorham Manufacturing Company","McLean Contracting Company","Crosby and Hill Company","General Acoustic Company","George Tiemann and Company","Miller and Cleghorn","E. A. Myers and Sons","Sonotone Corporation","Auratone Incorporated","William F. Murphy's Sons","Mercantile Printing Company","The Dreka Company","Cann Brothers and Kinding Incorporated","Hughes and Muller Tailoring","Mann and Dilks","Buckeye Shirt Company","Gene-Vall Cigar Company, Incorporated","Jung Arch Brace Company","Rand McNally and Company","H. W. Fisher and Company","J.E. Caldwell \u0026 Co","Waltham Watch Company","Wall and Ochs","Bonschur and Holmes","Franklin Simon \u0026 Co","Boué Soeurs","Grande Maison de Blanc","Faultless Manufacturing Company","George L. Starks and Company","National Association of Retail Clothiers and Furnishers","New Process Company","John Morrell \u0026 Co","Pathéscope (Firm)","Bell \u0026 Howell Co","Montana State Prison","Unexcelled Manufacturing Company","Ritz-Carlton Hotels (Firm)","Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers (U.S.)","United States. Post Office Department","National Horse Show Association of America","United States Lines Company","Social Register Association (U.S.)","Du Pont Bridge Club","G. Schirmer, Inc","Kny-Scheerer Company","Robinson Electric Manufacturing Company","Westchester Country Club (Rye, N.Y.)","Bankers Club of America","Beaver Lake Club","Congressional Country Club","Winchester Repeating Arms Company","Remington Arms Company","National Rifle Association of America","Jonas Bros. Taxidermy","Brunswick-Balke-Collender Company","A.G. Spalding \u0026 Bros","Abercrombie \u0026 Fitch","Graybar Electric Company inc","Pinkerton's National Detective Agency","League of Nations","United States Naval Academy","Delaware Automobile Association","International Harvester Company","Foss-Hughes Company","Rushmore Dynamo Works","Ford Motor Company","New York Edison Company","E. Rosenfeld and Company","Miniature Breaker Company","Packard Motor Car Company","Rolls-Royce of America","New York (State). Bureau of Motor Vehicles","Fortune Magazine","Toppan Boat Manufacturing Company","Shelton Electric Company","General Electric Company","Consilidated Gas and Gasoline Engine Company","Automatic Electrical Devices Company","New York Yacht Club","Lloyd's Register of British and Foreign Shipping (Firm)","Schenck and Schenck Insurance Agents and Brokers","United States. Hydrographic Office","Cox and Stevens","New London Ship and Engine Company","Wilmington Sunday Star","Western Pump Company","American Car and Foundry Company","Kelvinator","William J. Highfield General Insurance","Fire Association of Philadelphia","Marine Basin Company","Scott \u0026 Fowles (Firm)","Marine Construction Company","Yorktown Yacht Club","Consolidated Shipbuilding Corporation","Cooper-Bessemer Corporation","Henry J. Gielow, Incorporated","Mathis Yacht Building Company","Earl H. Croft, Incorporated","Broward County Port Authority","Keil Motor Company","Huckins Yacht Corporation","The Universal Horticultural Establishment, Incorporated","Winslow Bros. Company","Booth, Garrett and Blair","Otis Elevator Company","J.L. Mott Iron Works","Wilmington (Del.). Water Department","The Spur","James Boyd and Brothers","Ajax Fire Engine Works","Saks \u0026 Company (New York, N.Y.)","Remington Machine Company","Polar Water Still Company","Vacuum Engineering Company","Spencer Turbine Cleaner Company","Diamond Ice and Coal Company","Huyler's (Firm)","Robinson and Payne","Pitt and Scott","Armstrong Seatag Corporation","J. L. Kraft and Brothers Company","G. Washington Coffee Refining Company","James Rowland and Company","C. V. Floyd Fruit Company","Henry R. Hallowell and Son","Belle Meade Farm","Hearn Brothers","Mouquin, incorporated","Walter Hawkins Fruit","Maerose Fruit Corporation of Texas","Chappel Brothers Incorporated","Magasins du Louvre","E. Gimpel and Wildenstein","Steinway \u0026 Sons","W. \u0026 J. Sloane","E.F. Hodgson Co","Tiffany and Company","Theodore B. Starr","George F. Barnes, Incorporated","Gilman Collamore and Company","William T. Stuart, Incorporated","Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.)","Museum of Fine Arts, Boston","Seth Thomas Clock Company","Litchfield and Company","Aero Service Corporation","Rau Studios, Incorporated","Lewis \u0026 Conger","Samuel Kirk and Son","Davis Collamore and Company","Edmondson Warrin","Universal Appraisal Company","C. J. Benson and Company, Incorporated","S. P. Sulo Furniture Company","Bryant and Heffernan, Incorporated","Port Clinton Fish Company","Henry F. Michell Co","William H. Moon Company","Pierson U-Bar Company","Hitchings \u0026 Co","Wadley and Smythe","Skinner Irrigation Company","Ideal Power Lawn Mower Company","Coldwell Lawn Mower Company","Philadelphia Lawn Mower Company","Campbell Irrigation Company","John Polachek Bronze and Iron Works Company","Glen Brothers, Incorporated","Munson Whitaker Company","United States. Bureau of Forestry","Du Pont Gun Club","B. Ridgway and Son","Architectural Decorating Company","Johnson Service Company","Frigidaire Corporation","Tirrill Gas Machine Lighting Company","Manning Manufacturing Company","Oliver Oil Gas Burner and Machine Company","George W. McCaulley and Son Company","American Ironing Machine Co","Geyser Electric Washing Machine Company","Savage firearms","Church Art Work Company","Aladdin Company","Permutit Company","Smyth Construction Company","E. T. Burrowes","Wolfe and Adams","The Master Company","Bliss Exterminator Company","Verm-O-Spray","United Cork Flooring Company","Loomis-Manning Filter Distributing Company","Russell and Erwin Manufacturing Company","Blue Ball Farm (Wilmington, DE)","Andover Ambulance Corps.","Ward, Gray, and Neary","Young Men's Christian Association (Wilmington, De.)","Cambridge Maternity Hospital","National Organization for Public Health Nursing (U.S.)","St. John's Rectory (Milford, DE)","University of Delaware","Staunton Military Academy","Wharton Grove Camp Ground","College of William \u0026 Mary","Kent General Hospital (Dover, DE)","Cathedral School of St. John the Divine","American Association for Old Age Security","Delaware Old Age Welfare Commission","Delaware Old Age Pension Fund","Delaware. Department of Public Instruction","Alfred I. Du Pont School (Talleyville, DE)","Delaware. State Board of Education","Industrial Trust Company","Delaware State Aid Society","Robert E. Lee Memorial Foundation","Florida National Bank","First National Bank (Panama City, FL)","Du Pont Family","La Motte","Ball family","Du Pont, Alfred I. (Alfred Irénée), 1864-1935","Du Pont, Jessie Ball, 1884-1970","Jakes, T. W. (Thomas Webber) (Thomas Webber Jakes ), 1867-1945","Gentieu, Frederick, 1872-1951","Gentieu, Celeste, 1879-1971","Bakewell-Green, Estelle, 1870-1956","Spooner, W. W. (Walter Whipple), 1861-1922","Du Pont, T. Coleman (Thomas Coleman), 1863-1930","Du Pont, Ernest, 1880-1944","Maxwell, George T. (Gee Tee), 1895-1965","Du Pont, Samuel Francis, 1803-1865","Heitmuller, Anton H. F. (Anton Henry F.), 1859-1943","Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826","de Morant, V. G. (Victor Georges), 1878-1961","Archibald, S. G., fl. 1912-1920","Du Pont, Pauline Foster, 1849-1902","Conrad, Henry C. (Henry Clay), 1852-1930","Johnson, B. F. (Benjamin Franklin), 1856-1921","Ingersoll, Ralph (Ralph McAllister), 1900-1985","Du Pont, Pierre S. (Pierre Samuel), 1870-1954","Du Pont, E. Paul (Eleuthère Paul), 1887-1950","Stetser, Albert, 1886-1968","Du Pont, Eleuthère Irénée, 1771-1834","Du Pont, Mary Van Dyke, 1826-1909","Parker, E. W. (Eben Walter)","Lee, Maurice du Pont, 1885-1974","Ruoff, Madeleine Mary Du Pont, 1887-1965","Macomber, Susan G.","MacGregor, Mary Alicia Maddox Du Pont, 1903-1975","Goldsborough, Edith","Du Pont, Mary Alicia Heyward Bradford, 1875-1920","Du Pont, Alfred V. (Alfred Victor), 1900-1970","Hilles, Charles Dewey, 1867-1949","Huidekoper, Bessie Cazenove Du Pont, 1889-1973","Huidekoper, Reginald Shippen, 1876-1943","Du Pont, Victorine Elise, 1903-1965","Du Pont, Margaret (Margery) May Fitz Gerald, 1866-1951","Gray, R. A. (Robert Andrew), 1882-1975","Martinez, Joseph D.","Du Pont, Marcella Miller (1903-09-09-1985-09)","Mathewson, S. Frank","Connor, Ellen","James, Marquis, 1891-1955","Massey, Anne","Maxwell, T. J.","Chabannes, Jean-Pierre, Comte de Chabannes, 1862-1928","Du Pont, B. G. (Bessie Gardner), 1864-1949","Du Pont, Elizabeth Gardner, 1864-1949","Copeland, Charles, 1867-1944","Mann, Harrington, 1864-1937","Dent, Victorine Elise Du Pont, 1903-1965","Davidson, C. Frank","Du Pont, Samuel, 1910","Du Pont, Eluthera Paulina, 1912","Shears, W. C., Rev., d. ca. 1928","Shears, Ethel","Hastings, Thomas, 1860-1929","Dent, Elbert, 1895-1965","von Frantzius, Ida","Tripp, Marie A.","Glendening, Harold Sanford, 1896-1990","Glendening, Alan Sanford, 1923-1979","Zapffe, Adelaide Camille Du Pont, 1915-2000","Hiebler, Max, 1887-1957","Hiebler, Benno Lorenz, 1914-1980","Ruoff, Hermann","Hiebler, Alfred Friedrich, 1915-1991","Hiebler, Bayard Wilson \"Max\", 1911-1945","Hitler, Adolf, 1889-1945","Lee, Marguerite Du Pont, 1862-1936","Du Pont, Charlotte Louise, 1893-1972","Massena, Gabriel Francois, 1902-1945","Crane, Clara Isabel (Claris), 1880-1968","Crane, Sarah (Sadie) D., 1891-1970","Du Pont, Francis I. (Francis Irénée), 1873-1942","Du Pont, H. A. (Henry Algernon), 1838-1926","Du Pont, Nesta Pamela, 1903-1973","Duvall, Maria C. L. (Cumming Lamar), 1869-1957","Ellett, Katherine Gresham Tyler, 1909-2003","Francis, Olga M. (Olga Mary), 1904-2011","Gravely, Julian S. (\"Gin Gin\"), Mrs.","Gresham, Hattie Bell (\"de Blub\"), 1880-1964","Haile, Ella Grisham, 1845-1938","Jesse, Eoline C. (Eoline Carter) Ball, 1890-1989","La Motte, Arthur, 1871-1947","Eaton, George \"Pap\" Thomas, 1856-1937","La Motte, Ellen N. (Ellen Newbold), 1873-1961","La Motte, Ferdinand, Jr., 1879-1961","La Motte, Theodore R. (\"Cap\"), 1863-ca. 1931","Du Pont, Lammot, 1880-1952","Lee, Cazenove Gardner, 1882-1945","Lee, Dorothy Vandegrift, 1886-1972","Lee, Richard H. (Richard Henry), 1918-1940","Lee, Geraldine \"Gerry\" Shaw, b. 1889","Du Pont Lee, Marguerite, 1914-2004","Lee, Katherine, 1885-1968","Lee, Charlotte, 1921-2014","Du Pont Lee, Maurice, Jr., 1925-2020","Du Pont, Maurice (1866-1941)","Taylor, Archibald H., b. ca. 1851-d. 1928","Tyler, Frances Beale, 1911-2003","Wright, Thomas Ball Winston, 1909-1964","Adams, Floride Harding, 1887-1965","Harding, Rebecca W., 1882-1982","Ball, Isabella Louise, 1882-1971","Baker, N. Addison (Nehemiah Addison), 1882-1973","Baker, Jessie Gresham, 1918-1995","Ball, Maria Louisa, 1846-1932","Ball, Thomas , Jr., 1879-1960","Jesse, James D. (James DeJarnette), 1885-1962","Ball, A. L. C. (Addison Lombard Carter), 1876-1934","Bowley, Elsie Ball Wright, 1886-1972","Wright, Bayard W. (Bayard Winston), 1886-1940","Quigley, James P., Rev., 1862-1925","Troubetzkoy, Pierre, 1864-1936","Kirkus, Frederick M. (Frederick Maurice), Rev., 1862-1939","Brereton, Mary E. (Mary Elizabeth), 1887-1964","Bayard Angell, Louisa Lee, 1870-1944","Bowley, Albert Jesse, 1875-1945","Dashiell, J. L. (James \"Jimmy\" Lambert), 1870-1950","DeShields, Henry C. (Henry Carrington), 1870-1937","Dubell, Charles Bratten, Rev., 1871-1952","Dunn, B. W. (Beverly Wyly), Colonel, 1860-1936","Francis, Lucy Elphinstone Smith Maitland, b. ca. 1865","Glasgow, William A., Mrs.","Hackett, James Keteltas, 1869-1926","Hanby, Charles M., Dr., 1874-1944","Kyle, Margaret B. Hanby, 1904-1966","Seagle, Oscar","Harding, Frances (Fanny) Jane Ball, 1858-1924","Joyner, Sterling J., b. 1874","Lee, Baker P. (Baker Perkins), Rev., 1870-1942","Lee, Lulu Skinner, 1870-1946","Vaughn, Bertha Hayes, 1884-1932","Young, Emily Riddle Hill, 1862-1959","Pizek, Stanley R., b. ca. 1885","Goldsborough, Phillips Lee, 1865-1946","Reybold, F. K. (Frederick K.), 1874-1969","Allee, J. Frank (James Frank), 1857-1938","Buck, Clayton Douglass, 1890-1965","Griffenberg, E. B. (Elwood Bryan), Senator, 1875-1963","Bradford, E. G. (Edward Green), Jr., Representative, 1878-1927","Hilles, Florence Bayard, 1866-1954","Pennewill, Simeon S. (Simeon Selby), Governor, 1867-1935","Roosevelt, Theodore, 1858-1919","Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945","Davis, E. M. (Edward Milford), b.1887","Layton, Daniel J. (Daniel John), 1879-1960","Short, I. D. (Isaac Dolphus), 1875-1953","Hurley, Patrick J. (Patrick Jay), 1883-1963","Coolidge, Calvin (John Calvin), 1872-1933","Walls, J. E.","Black, George, 1868-1942","Horwitz, George Q. (George Quintard), 1868-1916","Beardslee, L. R. (Lisle Rhodes), 1879-1963","Connable, Frank L. (Frank Lee), 1871-1947","Du Pont, Alexis I. (Alexis Irénée), 1869-1921","Dunham, R. H. (Russell Harry), 1870-1958","Du Pont, Irénée, 1876-1963","Reese, Charles L. (Charles Lee), 1862-1940","Darling, Philip G. (Philip Greenville), 1878-1948","Stirling, Thomas J., 1848-1926","Gentieu, Pierre A. (Pierre Auguste), 10215","Cazenove, Louis A. (Louis Albert), 1851-1925","Jones, Frank Cazenove, Jr., 1887-1949","Raskob, John J. (John Jakob), 1879-1950","Scott, William L. (William Levi), 1857-1934","Prickett, C. D. (Clifford Denslow), 1863-1949","Ramsay, William G. (William Gouverneur), 1866-1916","Cauffiel, Daniel, 1867-1930","Gregory, Thomas Watt, 1861-1933","Du Pont, William, 1855-1928","Crosby, H. T. (Howard T.), 1880-1928","Ross, Howard D. (Howard DeHaven), b. 1872","Miller, Robert W., 1890-1943","Hassan, A. A. (Addison A.), b. ca.1857- d.1935","Eckersley, J. H. (James H.), b. ca. 1857- d.1921","Browne, Hugh C.","Harrison, D. B. (Duncan B.), Major","Scott, Temple, b. 1864","Glasgow, William A. (William Anderson), Jr., 1865-1930","Jones, Frank Cazenove, Sr., 1857-1918","Loos, Henry B. (Henry Beatty), 1892-1918","Rogers, James H. (James Hague), 1848-1919","Thompson, J. Clayton (John Clayton), b. 1874","Bielaski, A. Bruce (Alexander Bruce), 1851-1926","Du Pont Perot, Eleanor Ball, 1875-1934","Cate, Isaac M., 1838-1923","Lewis, Howard Benton, 1867-1946","Penington, Robert, b. 1874","Miles, Joshua W. (Joshua Weldon), 1858-1929","Vale, Ruby Ross, 1874-1961","Harriman, J. W. (Joseph Wright), 1867-1949","Eyre, James K. (James Kline), 1882-1956","Cochran, Thomas, 1871-1936","Archibald, S. G. (Samuel G.), Judge, b. 1875","Harvey, Holstein, 1847-1920","Price, Francis A., 1857-1937","Price, Frederick Somers, b. 1886","Dennison, Ethan Allen, 1881-1954","Davis, Curtis E., 1866-1935","Ball, Edward G. (Edward Gresham), 1888-1981","Phillips, H. R. (Henry Rodney), 1858-1929","Duveen, C. J. (Charles Joel), 1871-1940","Frishmuth, Harriet Whitney, 1880-1980","Novack, David Robert","Stow, Marcellus Henry","Hibbard, Harriet H., 1868-1941","Thomson, Arthur","Campbell, Donald, 1879-1948","Curtis, Chas. (Charles) M., b. 1860","Oliver, Howard T. (Howard Taylor), 1887-1969","McLean, Colin, 1844-1916","Mathewson, S. Frank (Samuel Francis), 1865-1945","Leonard, James C., 1855-1930","Lyell, Robert O. (Robert Oliver), MD, Dr., 1878-1968","Burnam, Curtis F. (Curtis Field), MD, Dr., 1877-1947","Lawton, Thomas, 1878-1947","Bradfield, Edna T. (Edna Turner), 1881-1946","Dodge, Edwin R. (Edwin Rouse), 1860-1934","Lutkin, James, b. 1866","Rau, William Herman, 1855-1920","Bartlett, Jane, 1843-1928","Coffin, Rachel J., b. 1876","Hardy, S. D. (Samuel Drury), 1883-1966","Barthman, F. William (Frederick William), 1865-1935","Macdonald, Arthur Nelson, 1866-1940","Lee, John Thomas, 1875-1953","Evans, Lynwood Ingerville, 1889-1949","Griffith, Eugene Artemus, 1903-1980","Harris, Herrman H. (Herrman Hirsch), Dr., 1883-1936","Brereton, Ruth , 1891-1951","Jannicelli, F. Francis (Francesco Francis), b. 1896","Robinson, J. N. (John Norris), 1865-1960","Fischer, Carl, 1849-1923","Jayne, Horace H. F. (Horace Howard Furness), 1898-1975","Newell, Edward Theodore, 1886-1941","Gravino, Adam, 1889-1962","McCurdy, M. L.","McCurdy, William T.","Hutchison, Miller Reese, Sr., 1876-1944","Carroll, Edward R. (Edward Rotchford), 1887-1952","Carroll, Cosette M., b. 1910","Hoover, Herbert (Herbert Clark), 1874-1964","Shakespeare, Frank H. (Franklin Heverin), 1879-1950","Preston, Lelia Harrison Dew, 1893-1984","Montague, James J. (James Jackson), 1873-1941","Gravely, J. Bland (Judith Bland), 1918-1998","Doty, William Kavanaugh, 1886-1956","Hull, George H. (George Henry), Jr., b. 1867","Brandenberger, Clarence R. (Clarence Richard), 1892-1976","Bowman, Sidney B., b. ca. 1867","Glendinning, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1867-1936","Carey, James L. (James Lucius), b. 1881","Kummerlowe, O. W. (Oscar Waldemar), 1884-1946","Songdahl, Peder Pedersen, Captain, b. 1873","C., McKnight-Smith","Smith, Jesse, Jr., Captain","Bowes, Thomas D. (Thomas David), Jr., 1883-1965","Kaighn, Herbert E. (Herbert Eugene), 1875-1934","Moody, Edmund P., 1857-1931","Smith, Harry A., 1878-1960","Harton, J. Howard (John Howard), 1887-1935","Smyth, James M. (James McKane), 1860-1943","Mack, Edward R. (Edward Resolved), 1876-1944","Horncastle, Thomas, b. ca. 1871","Perry, Roland Hinton, 1870-1941","Tartoue, Pierre, 1888-1974","Salvatore, Victor, 1884-1965","Danton, V. E. (Van Eaton), Dr.","Linding, H. M. (Herman Magnuson), b. 1880","Arthur Edwin, Bye, Dr., 1885-1968","Maugans, J. C. (John Clifford), 1878-1969","Glynn, Elizabeth Frances, 1895-1954","Keller, Ferdinand Hyskull, b. ca. 1870","Schmauk, B. T. (Benjamin Tyson), b. 1853","Judd, Joseph A., 1889-1937","Edwards, Anne C. F.","Potamkin, Barney, b. 1878","Horty, William H., 1861-1931","Manda, W. A. (William A.), b. 1862","McClure, R. L.","Mackensen, William J.","Conwell, H. Ernest (Henry), 1887-1964","Bateman, St. Elmo, 1877-1959","Fullarton, Andrew D. (Anderew Darling), 1878-1939","Roemer, Louise Frances Schenkel, 1894-1985","De Garis, F.","Du Pont Swift, Charles, 1875-1917","Levett, Edith E., b. ca. 1881","Simmonds, Helena Linck, 1882-1954","Goldsborough, Brice W. (Brice Worthington), Dr., 1859-1929","Chinn, J. W. (Joseph W.), Jr., Judge, 1866-1936","Earll, Irene B., b. 1888","Seiss, Ralph W. (Ralph William), Dr., 1861-1926","Wharton, H. M. (Henry Marvin), Rev., 1848-1928","Combs, L.R. (Laurence Rosseau), Rev., 1858-1937","Kay, H. Tyler, b. 1889","Tucker, Beverly R. (Beverly Randolph), Dr., 1874-1945","Robbins, Howard C. (Howard Chandler), 1876-1952","Schulz, Otto","Rossell, John S., 1856-1934","Walls, Laura J. C. (Laura J. Calhoun), 1882-1967","Hill, Jacob V. (Jacob Vincent), 1893-1942","Wickes, James C., Col., b. 1868","Wilson, D. Mifflin (Daniel Mifflin), 1856-1948","Zimmerman, B. John (Bernard John), 1901-1955","Payne, A. A. (Alvin Annon), 1889-1937","Bright, James C., d. 1947","Ottenstein, M. Z. (Morris Zachary), 1898-1993","Linares-Rivas, Jose M.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["duPont family papers, 1767/1982"],"collection_ssim":["duPont family papers, 1767/1982"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["WLU.Coll.0169","/repositories/5/resources/572"],"unitid_tesim":["WLU.Coll.0169","/repositories/5/resources/572"],"repository_ssm":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"creator_ssm":["Du Pont, Alfred I. (Alfred Irénée), 1864-1935","Du Pont, Jessie Ball, 1884-1970"],"creator_ssim":["Du Pont, Alfred I. (Alfred Irénée), 1864-1935","Du Pont, Jessie Ball, 1884-1970"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Du Pont, Alfred I. (Alfred Irénée), 1864-1935","Du Pont, Jessie Ball, 1884-1970","Jakes, T. W. (Thomas Webber) (Thomas Webber Jakes ), 1867-1945","Gentieu, Frederick, 1872-1951","Gentieu, Celeste, 1879-1971","Bakewell-Green, Estelle, 1870-1956","Spooner, W. W. (Walter Whipple), 1861-1922","Du Pont, T. Coleman (Thomas Coleman), 1863-1930","Du Pont, Ernest, 1880-1944","Maxwell, George T. (Gee Tee), 1895-1965","Du Pont, Samuel Francis, 1803-1865","Heitmuller, Anton H. F. (Anton Henry F.), 1859-1943","Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826","de Morant, V. G. (Victor Georges), 1878-1961","Archibald, S. G., fl. 1912-1920","Du Pont, Pauline Foster, 1849-1902","Conrad, Henry C. (Henry Clay), 1852-1930","Johnson, B. F. (Benjamin Franklin), 1856-1921","Ingersoll, Ralph (Ralph McAllister), 1900-1985","Du Pont, Pierre S. (Pierre Samuel), 1870-1954","Du Pont, E. Paul (Eleuthère Paul), 1887-1950","Stetser, Albert, 1886-1968","Du Pont, Eleuthère Irénée, 1771-1834","Du Pont, Mary Van Dyke, 1826-1909","Parker, E. W. (Eben Walter)","Lee, Maurice du Pont, 1885-1974","Ruoff, Madeleine Mary Du Pont, 1887-1965","Macomber, Susan G.","MacGregor, Mary Alicia Maddox Du Pont, 1903-1975","Goldsborough, Edith","Du Pont, Mary Alicia Heyward Bradford, 1875-1920","Du Pont, Alfred V. (Alfred Victor), 1900-1970","Hilles, Charles Dewey, 1867-1949","Huidekoper, Bessie Cazenove Du Pont, 1889-1973","Huidekoper, Reginald Shippen, 1876-1943","Du Pont, Victorine Elise, 1903-1965","Du Pont, Margaret (Margery) May Fitz Gerald, 1866-1951","Gray, R. A. (Robert Andrew), 1882-1975","Martinez, Joseph D.","Du Pont, Marcella Miller (1903-09-09-1985-09)","Mathewson, S. Frank","Connor, Ellen","James, Marquis, 1891-1955","Massey, Anne","Maxwell, T. J.","Chabannes, Jean-Pierre, Comte de Chabannes, 1862-1928","Du Pont, B. G. (Bessie Gardner), 1864-1949","Du Pont, Elizabeth Gardner, 1864-1949","Copeland, Charles, 1867-1944","Mann, Harrington, 1864-1937","Dent, Victorine Elise Du Pont, 1903-1965","Davidson, C. Frank","Du Pont, Samuel, 1910","Du Pont, Eluthera Paulina, 1912","Shears, W. C., Rev., d. ca. 1928","Shears, Ethel","Hastings, Thomas, 1860-1929","Dent, Elbert, 1895-1965","von Frantzius, Ida","Tripp, Marie A.","Glendening, Harold Sanford, 1896-1990","Glendening, Alan Sanford, 1923-1979","Zapffe, Adelaide Camille Du Pont, 1915-2000","Hiebler, Max, 1887-1957","Hiebler, Benno Lorenz, 1914-1980","Ruoff, Hermann","Hiebler, Alfred Friedrich, 1915-1991","Hiebler, Bayard Wilson \"Max\", 1911-1945","Hitler, Adolf, 1889-1945","Lee, Marguerite Du Pont, 1862-1936","Du Pont, Charlotte Louise, 1893-1972","Massena, Gabriel Francois, 1902-1945","Crane, Clara Isabel (Claris), 1880-1968","Crane, Sarah (Sadie) D., 1891-1970","Du Pont, Francis I. (Francis Irénée), 1873-1942","Du Pont, H. A. (Henry Algernon), 1838-1926","Du Pont, Nesta Pamela, 1903-1973","Duvall, Maria C. L. (Cumming Lamar), 1869-1957","Ellett, Katherine Gresham Tyler, 1909-2003","Francis, Olga M. (Olga Mary), 1904-2011","Gravely, Julian S. (\"Gin Gin\"), Mrs.","Gresham, Hattie Bell (\"de Blub\"), 1880-1964","Haile, Ella Grisham, 1845-1938","Jesse, Eoline C. (Eoline Carter) Ball, 1890-1989","La Motte, Arthur, 1871-1947","Eaton, George \"Pap\" Thomas, 1856-1937","La Motte, Ellen N. (Ellen Newbold), 1873-1961","La Motte, Ferdinand, Jr., 1879-1961","La Motte, Theodore R. (\"Cap\"), 1863-ca. 1931","Du Pont, Lammot, 1880-1952","Lee, Cazenove Gardner, 1882-1945","Lee, Dorothy Vandegrift, 1886-1972","Lee, Richard H. (Richard Henry), 1918-1940","Lee, Geraldine \"Gerry\" Shaw, b. 1889","Du Pont Lee, Marguerite, 1914-2004","Lee, Katherine, 1885-1968","Lee, Charlotte, 1921-2014","Du Pont Lee, Maurice, Jr., 1925-2020","Du Pont, Maurice (1866-1941)","Taylor, Archibald H., b. ca. 1851-d. 1928","Tyler, Frances Beale, 1911-2003","Wright, Thomas Ball Winston, 1909-1964","Adams, Floride Harding, 1887-1965","Harding, Rebecca W., 1882-1982","Ball, Isabella Louise, 1882-1971","Baker, N. Addison (Nehemiah Addison), 1882-1973","Baker, Jessie Gresham, 1918-1995","Ball, Maria Louisa, 1846-1932","Ball, Thomas , Jr., 1879-1960","Jesse, James D. (James DeJarnette), 1885-1962","Ball, A. L. C. (Addison Lombard Carter), 1876-1934","Bowley, Elsie Ball Wright, 1886-1972","Wright, Bayard W. (Bayard Winston), 1886-1940","Quigley, James P., Rev., 1862-1925","Troubetzkoy, Pierre, 1864-1936","Kirkus, Frederick M. (Frederick Maurice), Rev., 1862-1939","Brereton, Mary E. (Mary Elizabeth), 1887-1964","Bayard Angell, Louisa Lee, 1870-1944","Bowley, Albert Jesse, 1875-1945","Dashiell, J. L. (James \"Jimmy\" Lambert), 1870-1950","DeShields, Henry C. (Henry Carrington), 1870-1937","Dubell, Charles Bratten, Rev., 1871-1952","Dunn, B. W. (Beverly Wyly), Colonel, 1860-1936","Francis, Lucy Elphinstone Smith Maitland, b. ca. 1865","Glasgow, William A., Mrs.","Hackett, James Keteltas, 1869-1926","Hanby, Charles M., Dr., 1874-1944","Kyle, Margaret B. Hanby, 1904-1966","Seagle, Oscar","Harding, Frances (Fanny) Jane Ball, 1858-1924","Joyner, Sterling J., b. 1874","Lee, Baker P. (Baker Perkins), Rev., 1870-1942","Lee, Lulu Skinner, 1870-1946","Vaughn, Bertha Hayes, 1884-1932","Young, Emily Riddle Hill, 1862-1959","Pizek, Stanley R., b. ca. 1885","Goldsborough, Phillips Lee, 1865-1946","Reybold, F. K. (Frederick K.), 1874-1969","Allee, J. Frank (James Frank), 1857-1938","Buck, Clayton Douglass, 1890-1965","Griffenberg, E. B. (Elwood Bryan), Senator, 1875-1963","Bradford, E. G. (Edward Green), Jr., Representative, 1878-1927","Hilles, Florence Bayard, 1866-1954","Pennewill, Simeon S. (Simeon Selby), Governor, 1867-1935","Roosevelt, Theodore, 1858-1919","Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945","Davis, E. M. (Edward Milford), b.1887","Layton, Daniel J. (Daniel John), 1879-1960","Short, I. D. (Isaac Dolphus), 1875-1953","Hurley, Patrick J. (Patrick Jay), 1883-1963","Coolidge, Calvin (John Calvin), 1872-1933","Walls, J. E.","Black, George, 1868-1942","Horwitz, George Q. (George Quintard), 1868-1916","Beardslee, L. R. (Lisle Rhodes), 1879-1963","Connable, Frank L. (Frank Lee), 1871-1947","Du Pont, Alexis I. (Alexis Irénée), 1869-1921","Dunham, R. H. (Russell Harry), 1870-1958","Du Pont, Irénée, 1876-1963","Reese, Charles L. (Charles Lee), 1862-1940","Darling, Philip G. (Philip Greenville), 1878-1948","Stirling, Thomas J., 1848-1926","Gentieu, Pierre A. (Pierre Auguste), 10215","Cazenove, Louis A. (Louis Albert), 1851-1925","Jones, Frank Cazenove, Jr., 1887-1949","Raskob, John J. (John Jakob), 1879-1950","Scott, William L. (William Levi), 1857-1934","Prickett, C. D. (Clifford Denslow), 1863-1949","Ramsay, William G. (William Gouverneur), 1866-1916","Cauffiel, Daniel, 1867-1930","Gregory, Thomas Watt, 1861-1933","Du Pont, William, 1855-1928","Crosby, H. T. (Howard T.), 1880-1928","Ross, Howard D. (Howard DeHaven), b. 1872","Miller, Robert W., 1890-1943","Hassan, A. A. (Addison A.), b. ca.1857- d.1935","Eckersley, J. H. (James H.), b. ca. 1857- d.1921","Browne, Hugh C.","Harrison, D. B. (Duncan B.), Major","Scott, Temple, b. 1864","Glasgow, William A. (William Anderson), Jr., 1865-1930","Jones, Frank Cazenove, Sr., 1857-1918","Loos, Henry B. (Henry Beatty), 1892-1918","Rogers, James H. (James Hague), 1848-1919","Thompson, J. Clayton (John Clayton), b. 1874","Bielaski, A. Bruce (Alexander Bruce), 1851-1926","Du Pont Perot, Eleanor Ball, 1875-1934","Cate, Isaac M., 1838-1923","Lewis, Howard Benton, 1867-1946","Penington, Robert, b. 1874","Miles, Joshua W. (Joshua Weldon), 1858-1929","Vale, Ruby Ross, 1874-1961","Harriman, J. W. (Joseph Wright), 1867-1949","Eyre, James K. (James Kline), 1882-1956","Cochran, Thomas, 1871-1936","Archibald, S. G. (Samuel G.), Judge, b. 1875","Harvey, Holstein, 1847-1920","Price, Francis A., 1857-1937","Price, Frederick Somers, b. 1886","Dennison, Ethan Allen, 1881-1954","Davis, Curtis E., 1866-1935","Ball, Edward G. (Edward Gresham), 1888-1981","Phillips, H. R. (Henry Rodney), 1858-1929","Duveen, C. J. (Charles Joel), 1871-1940","Frishmuth, Harriet Whitney, 1880-1980","Novack, David Robert","Stow, Marcellus Henry","Hibbard, Harriet H., 1868-1941","Thomson, Arthur","Campbell, Donald, 1879-1948","Curtis, Chas. (Charles) M., b. 1860","Oliver, Howard T. (Howard Taylor), 1887-1969","McLean, Colin, 1844-1916","Mathewson, S. Frank (Samuel Francis), 1865-1945","Leonard, James C., 1855-1930","Lyell, Robert O. (Robert Oliver), MD, Dr., 1878-1968","Burnam, Curtis F. (Curtis Field), MD, Dr., 1877-1947","Lawton, Thomas, 1878-1947","Bradfield, Edna T. (Edna Turner), 1881-1946","Dodge, Edwin R. (Edwin Rouse), 1860-1934","Lutkin, James, b. 1866","Rau, William Herman, 1855-1920","Bartlett, Jane, 1843-1928","Coffin, Rachel J., b. 1876","Hardy, S. D. (Samuel Drury), 1883-1966","Barthman, F. William (Frederick William), 1865-1935","Macdonald, Arthur Nelson, 1866-1940","Lee, John Thomas, 1875-1953","Evans, Lynwood Ingerville, 1889-1949","Griffith, Eugene Artemus, 1903-1980","Harris, Herrman H. (Herrman Hirsch), Dr., 1883-1936","Brereton, Ruth , 1891-1951","Jannicelli, F. Francis (Francesco Francis), b. 1896","Robinson, J. N. (John Norris), 1865-1960","Fischer, Carl, 1849-1923","Jayne, Horace H. F. (Horace Howard Furness), 1898-1975","Newell, Edward Theodore, 1886-1941","Gravino, Adam, 1889-1962","McCurdy, M. L.","McCurdy, William T.","Hutchison, Miller Reese, Sr., 1876-1944","Carroll, Edward R. (Edward Rotchford), 1887-1952","Carroll, Cosette M., b. 1910","Hoover, Herbert (Herbert Clark), 1874-1964","Shakespeare, Frank H. (Franklin Heverin), 1879-1950","Preston, Lelia Harrison Dew, 1893-1984","Montague, James J. (James Jackson), 1873-1941","Gravely, J. Bland (Judith Bland), 1918-1998","Doty, William Kavanaugh, 1886-1956","Hull, George H. (George Henry), Jr., b. 1867","Brandenberger, Clarence R. (Clarence Richard), 1892-1976","Bowman, Sidney B., b. ca. 1867","Glendinning, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1867-1936","Carey, James L. (James Lucius), b. 1881","Kummerlowe, O. W. (Oscar Waldemar), 1884-1946","Songdahl, Peder Pedersen, Captain, b. 1873","C., McKnight-Smith","Smith, Jesse, Jr., Captain","Bowes, Thomas D. (Thomas David), Jr., 1883-1965","Kaighn, Herbert E. (Herbert Eugene), 1875-1934","Moody, Edmund P., 1857-1931","Smith, Harry A., 1878-1960","Harton, J. Howard (John Howard), 1887-1935","Smyth, James M. (James McKane), 1860-1943","Mack, Edward R. (Edward Resolved), 1876-1944","Horncastle, Thomas, b. ca. 1871","Perry, Roland Hinton, 1870-1941","Tartoue, Pierre, 1888-1974","Salvatore, Victor, 1884-1965","Danton, V. E. (Van Eaton), Dr.","Linding, H. M. (Herman Magnuson), b. 1880","Arthur Edwin, Bye, Dr., 1885-1968","Maugans, J. C. (John Clifford), 1878-1969","Glynn, Elizabeth Frances, 1895-1954","Keller, Ferdinand Hyskull, b. ca. 1870","Schmauk, B. T. (Benjamin Tyson), b. 1853","Judd, Joseph A., 1889-1937","Edwards, Anne C. F.","Potamkin, Barney, b. 1878","Horty, William H., 1861-1931","Manda, W. A. (William A.), b. 1862","McClure, R. L.","Mackensen, William J.","Conwell, H. Ernest (Henry), 1887-1964","Bateman, St. Elmo, 1877-1959","Fullarton, Andrew D. (Anderew Darling), 1878-1939","Roemer, Louise Frances Schenkel, 1894-1985","De Garis, F.","Du Pont Swift, Charles, 1875-1917","Levett, Edith E., b. ca. 1881","Simmonds, Helena Linck, 1882-1954","Goldsborough, Brice W. (Brice Worthington), Dr., 1859-1929","Chinn, J. W. (Joseph W.), Jr., Judge, 1866-1936","Earll, Irene B., b. 1888","Seiss, Ralph W. (Ralph William), Dr., 1861-1926","Wharton, H. M. (Henry Marvin), Rev., 1848-1928","Combs, L.R. (Laurence Rosseau), Rev., 1858-1937","Kay, H. Tyler, b. 1889","Tucker, Beverly R. (Beverly Randolph), Dr., 1874-1945","Robbins, Howard C. (Howard Chandler), 1876-1952","Schulz, Otto","Rossell, John S., 1856-1934","Walls, Laura J. C. (Laura J. Calhoun), 1882-1967","Hill, Jacob V. (Jacob Vincent), 1893-1942","Wickes, James C., Col., b. 1868","Wilson, D. Mifflin (Daniel Mifflin), 1856-1948","Zimmerman, B. John (Bernard John), 1901-1955","Payne, A. A. (Alvin Annon), 1889-1937","Bright, James C., d. 1947","Ottenstein, M. Z. (Morris Zachary), 1898-1993","Linares-Rivas, Jose M."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Nemours (Greenville, Del. : Dwelling)","St. Stephen's Church (Philadelphia, Pa.)","Du Pont De Nemours Cemetery Company","E.I. du Pont de Nemours Powder Company","Delaware Trust Company","Alfred I. Du Pont School District","Bobbs-Merrill Company","Davis \u0026 Brother, Inc.","Richards \u0026 Affeld","Brentano's (Firm)","Tiffany Studios (New York, N.Y.). Ecclesiastical Department","Carrère \u0026 Hastings","St. Stephen's Episcopal Church (Norwood, Pennsylvania)","Battle Creek Sanitarium (Battle Creek, Mich.)","Massena and Du Pont","Phillips Academy","Bordentown Military Institute","Harriman Naitonal Bank","Du Pont Maternity Hospital","Wilmington Morning News","Every Evening Wilmington","Wilmington (Del.). Department of Police","Delaware Ledger","Okonite Company","Service Citizens of Delaware","Atlas Powder Company","East Texas Oil, Gas, and Mineral Company","Rocky Mountain National Bank","American International Oil Corporation","Cambridge Yacht Club","Edmund Kelly Real Estate","The Club-Fellow \u0026 Washington Mirror","Glaze \u0026 Fine law firm","New York World","United States. Department of the Treasury","Equitable Guarantee and Trust Co.","Tonkin Du Pont Graphite Co.","Harriman National Bank","Corn Exchange National Bank","Franklin Trust Company (Philadelphia, PA)","Public Service Company of Colorado","Denver Gas and Electric Light Co.","The First National Bank of the City of New York","French American Constructive Corporation","Nemours Trading Corporation","E.I. du Pont de Nemours \u0026 Company","Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company","Brandywine Realty","Delaware Barber Company","Delaware State Chamber of Commerce","Everett Railway, Light and Water Company","Hotel du Pont","Harding Peeling Machine Company","Liberty Brand Canning Company","Delaware Packing Company","Gorham Manufacturing Company","McLean Contracting Company","Crosby and Hill Company","General Acoustic Company","George Tiemann and Company","Miller and Cleghorn","E. A. Myers and Sons","Sonotone Corporation","Auratone Incorporated","William F. Murphy's Sons","Mercantile Printing Company","The Dreka Company","Cann Brothers and Kinding Incorporated","Hughes and Muller Tailoring","Mann and Dilks","Buckeye Shirt Company","Gene-Vall Cigar Company, Incorporated","Jung Arch Brace Company","Rand McNally and Company","H. W. Fisher and Company","J.E. Caldwell \u0026 Co","Waltham Watch Company","Wall and Ochs","Bonschur and Holmes","Franklin Simon \u0026 Co","Boué Soeurs","Grande Maison de Blanc","Faultless Manufacturing Company","George L. Starks and Company","National Association of Retail Clothiers and Furnishers","New Process Company","John Morrell \u0026 Co","Pathéscope (Firm)","Bell \u0026 Howell Co","Montana State Prison","Unexcelled Manufacturing Company","Ritz-Carlton Hotels (Firm)","Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers (U.S.)","United States. Post Office Department","National Horse Show Association of America","United States Lines Company","Social Register Association (U.S.)","Du Pont Bridge Club","G. Schirmer, Inc","Kny-Scheerer Company","Robinson Electric Manufacturing Company","Westchester Country Club (Rye, N.Y.)","Bankers Club of America","Beaver Lake Club","Congressional Country Club","Winchester Repeating Arms Company","Remington Arms Company","National Rifle Association of America","Jonas Bros. Taxidermy","Brunswick-Balke-Collender Company","A.G. Spalding \u0026 Bros","Abercrombie \u0026 Fitch","Graybar Electric Company inc","Pinkerton's National Detective Agency","League of Nations","United States Naval Academy","Delaware Automobile Association","International Harvester Company","Foss-Hughes Company","Rushmore Dynamo Works","Ford Motor Company","New York Edison Company","E. Rosenfeld and Company","Miniature Breaker Company","Packard Motor Car Company","Rolls-Royce of America","New York (State). Bureau of Motor Vehicles","Fortune Magazine","Toppan Boat Manufacturing Company","Shelton Electric Company","General Electric Company","Consilidated Gas and Gasoline Engine Company","Automatic Electrical Devices Company","New York Yacht Club","Lloyd's Register of British and Foreign Shipping (Firm)","Schenck and Schenck Insurance Agents and Brokers","United States. Hydrographic Office","Cox and Stevens","New London Ship and Engine Company","Wilmington Sunday Star","Western Pump Company","American Car and Foundry Company","Kelvinator","William J. Highfield General Insurance","Fire Association of Philadelphia","Marine Basin Company","Scott \u0026 Fowles (Firm)","Marine Construction Company","Yorktown Yacht Club","Consolidated Shipbuilding Corporation","Cooper-Bessemer Corporation","Henry J. Gielow, Incorporated","Mathis Yacht Building Company","Earl H. Croft, Incorporated","Broward County Port Authority","Keil Motor Company","Huckins Yacht Corporation","The Universal Horticultural Establishment, Incorporated","Winslow Bros. Company","Booth, Garrett and Blair","Otis Elevator Company","J.L. Mott Iron Works","Wilmington (Del.). Water Department","The Spur","James Boyd and Brothers","Ajax Fire Engine Works","Saks \u0026 Company (New York, N.Y.)","Remington Machine Company","Polar Water Still Company","Vacuum Engineering Company","Spencer Turbine Cleaner Company","Diamond Ice and Coal Company","Huyler's (Firm)","Robinson and Payne","Pitt and Scott","Armstrong Seatag Corporation","J. L. Kraft and Brothers Company","G. Washington Coffee Refining Company","James Rowland and Company","C. V. Floyd Fruit Company","Henry R. Hallowell and Son","Belle Meade Farm","Hearn Brothers","Mouquin, incorporated","Walter Hawkins Fruit","Maerose Fruit Corporation of Texas","Chappel Brothers Incorporated","Magasins du Louvre","E. Gimpel and Wildenstein","Steinway \u0026 Sons","W. \u0026 J. Sloane","E.F. Hodgson Co","Tiffany and Company","Theodore B. Starr","George F. Barnes, Incorporated","Gilman Collamore and Company","William T. Stuart, Incorporated","Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.)","Museum of Fine Arts, Boston","Seth Thomas Clock Company","Litchfield and Company","Aero Service Corporation","Rau Studios, Incorporated","Lewis \u0026 Conger","Samuel Kirk and Son","Davis Collamore and Company","Edmondson Warrin","Universal Appraisal Company","C. J. Benson and Company, Incorporated","S. P. Sulo Furniture Company","Bryant and Heffernan, Incorporated","Port Clinton Fish Company","Henry F. Michell Co","William H. Moon Company","Pierson U-Bar Company","Hitchings \u0026 Co","Wadley and Smythe","Skinner Irrigation Company","Ideal Power Lawn Mower Company","Coldwell Lawn Mower Company","Philadelphia Lawn Mower Company","Campbell Irrigation Company","John Polachek Bronze and Iron Works Company","Glen Brothers, Incorporated","Munson Whitaker Company","United States. Bureau of Forestry","Du Pont Gun Club","B. Ridgway and Son","Architectural Decorating Company","Johnson Service Company","Frigidaire Corporation","Tirrill Gas Machine Lighting Company","Manning Manufacturing Company","Oliver Oil Gas Burner and Machine Company","George W. McCaulley and Son Company","American Ironing Machine Co","Geyser Electric Washing Machine Company","Savage firearms","Church Art Work Company","Aladdin Company","Permutit Company","Smyth Construction Company","E. T. Burrowes","Wolfe and Adams","The Master Company","Bliss Exterminator Company","Verm-O-Spray","United Cork Flooring Company","Loomis-Manning Filter Distributing Company","Russell and Erwin Manufacturing Company","Blue Ball Farm (Wilmington, DE)","Andover Ambulance Corps.","Ward, Gray, and Neary","Young Men's Christian Association (Wilmington, De.)","Cambridge Maternity Hospital","National Organization for Public Health Nursing (U.S.)","St. John's Rectory (Milford, DE)","University of Delaware","Staunton Military Academy","Wharton Grove Camp Ground","College of William \u0026 Mary","Kent General Hospital (Dover, DE)","Cathedral School of St. John the Divine","American Association for Old Age Security","Delaware Old Age Welfare Commission","Delaware Old Age Pension Fund","Delaware. Department of Public Instruction","Alfred I. Du Pont School (Talleyville, DE)","Delaware. State Board of Education","Industrial Trust Company","Delaware State Aid Society","Robert E. Lee Memorial Foundation","Florida National Bank","First National Bank (Panama City, FL)"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Du Pont Family","La Motte","Ball family"],"creators_ssim":["Du Pont, Alfred I. (Alfred Irénée), 1864-1935","Du Pont, Jessie Ball, 1884-1970","Jakes, T. W. (Thomas Webber) (Thomas Webber Jakes ), 1867-1945","Gentieu, Frederick, 1872-1951","Gentieu, Celeste, 1879-1971","Bakewell-Green, Estelle, 1870-1956","Spooner, W. W. (Walter Whipple), 1861-1922","Du Pont, T. Coleman (Thomas Coleman), 1863-1930","Du Pont, Ernest, 1880-1944","Maxwell, George T. (Gee Tee), 1895-1965","Du Pont, Samuel Francis, 1803-1865","Heitmuller, Anton H. F. (Anton Henry F.), 1859-1943","Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826","de Morant, V. G. (Victor Georges), 1878-1961","Archibald, S. G., fl. 1912-1920","Du Pont, Pauline Foster, 1849-1902","Conrad, Henry C. (Henry Clay), 1852-1930","Johnson, B. F. (Benjamin Franklin), 1856-1921","Ingersoll, Ralph (Ralph McAllister), 1900-1985","Du Pont, Pierre S. (Pierre Samuel), 1870-1954","Du Pont, E. Paul (Eleuthère Paul), 1887-1950","Stetser, Albert, 1886-1968","Du Pont, Eleuthère Irénée, 1771-1834","Du Pont, Mary Van Dyke, 1826-1909","Parker, E. W. (Eben Walter)","Lee, Maurice du Pont, 1885-1974","Ruoff, Madeleine Mary Du Pont, 1887-1965","Macomber, Susan G.","MacGregor, Mary Alicia Maddox Du Pont, 1903-1975","Goldsborough, Edith","Du Pont, Mary Alicia Heyward Bradford, 1875-1920","Du Pont, Alfred V. (Alfred Victor), 1900-1970","Hilles, Charles Dewey, 1867-1949","Huidekoper, Bessie Cazenove Du Pont, 1889-1973","Huidekoper, Reginald Shippen, 1876-1943","Du Pont, Victorine Elise, 1903-1965","Du Pont, Margaret (Margery) May Fitz Gerald, 1866-1951","Gray, R. A. (Robert Andrew), 1882-1975","Martinez, Joseph D.","Du Pont, Marcella Miller (1903-09-09-1985-09)","Mathewson, S. Frank","Connor, Ellen","James, Marquis, 1891-1955","Massey, Anne","Maxwell, T. J.","Chabannes, Jean-Pierre, Comte de Chabannes, 1862-1928","Du Pont, B. G. (Bessie Gardner), 1864-1949","Du Pont, Elizabeth Gardner, 1864-1949","Copeland, Charles, 1867-1944","Mann, Harrington, 1864-1937","Dent, Victorine Elise Du Pont, 1903-1965","Davidson, C. Frank","Du Pont, Samuel, 1910","Du Pont, Eluthera Paulina, 1912","Shears, W. C., Rev., d. ca. 1928","Shears, Ethel","Hastings, Thomas, 1860-1929","Dent, Elbert, 1895-1965","von Frantzius, Ida","Tripp, Marie A.","Glendening, Harold Sanford, 1896-1990","Glendening, Alan Sanford, 1923-1979","Zapffe, Adelaide Camille Du Pont, 1915-2000","Hiebler, Max, 1887-1957","Hiebler, Benno Lorenz, 1914-1980","Ruoff, Hermann","Hiebler, Alfred Friedrich, 1915-1991","Hiebler, Bayard Wilson \"Max\", 1911-1945","Hitler, Adolf, 1889-1945","Lee, Marguerite Du Pont, 1862-1936","Du Pont, Charlotte Louise, 1893-1972","Massena, Gabriel Francois, 1902-1945","Crane, Clara Isabel (Claris), 1880-1968","Crane, Sarah (Sadie) D., 1891-1970","Du Pont, Francis I. (Francis Irénée), 1873-1942","Du Pont, H. A. (Henry Algernon), 1838-1926","Du Pont, Nesta Pamela, 1903-1973","Duvall, Maria C. L. (Cumming Lamar), 1869-1957","Ellett, Katherine Gresham Tyler, 1909-2003","Francis, Olga M. (Olga Mary), 1904-2011","Gravely, Julian S. (\"Gin Gin\"), Mrs.","Gresham, Hattie Bell (\"de Blub\"), 1880-1964","Haile, Ella Grisham, 1845-1938","Jesse, Eoline C. (Eoline Carter) Ball, 1890-1989","La Motte, Arthur, 1871-1947","Eaton, George \"Pap\" Thomas, 1856-1937","La Motte, Ellen N. (Ellen Newbold), 1873-1961","La Motte, Ferdinand, Jr., 1879-1961","La Motte, Theodore R. (\"Cap\"), 1863-ca. 1931","Du Pont, Lammot, 1880-1952","Lee, Cazenove Gardner, 1882-1945","Lee, Dorothy Vandegrift, 1886-1972","Lee, Richard H. (Richard Henry), 1918-1940","Lee, Geraldine \"Gerry\" Shaw, b. 1889","Du Pont Lee, Marguerite, 1914-2004","Lee, Katherine, 1885-1968","Lee, Charlotte, 1921-2014","Du Pont Lee, Maurice, Jr., 1925-2020","Du Pont, Maurice (1866-1941)","Taylor, Archibald H., b. ca. 1851-d. 1928","Tyler, Frances Beale, 1911-2003","Wright, Thomas Ball Winston, 1909-1964","Adams, Floride Harding, 1887-1965","Harding, Rebecca W., 1882-1982","Ball, Isabella Louise, 1882-1971","Baker, N. Addison (Nehemiah Addison), 1882-1973","Baker, Jessie Gresham, 1918-1995","Ball, Maria Louisa, 1846-1932","Ball, Thomas , Jr., 1879-1960","Jesse, James D. (James DeJarnette), 1885-1962","Ball, A. L. C. (Addison Lombard Carter), 1876-1934","Bowley, Elsie Ball Wright, 1886-1972","Wright, Bayard W. (Bayard Winston), 1886-1940","Quigley, James P., Rev., 1862-1925","Troubetzkoy, Pierre, 1864-1936","Kirkus, Frederick M. (Frederick Maurice), Rev., 1862-1939","Brereton, Mary E. (Mary Elizabeth), 1887-1964","Bayard Angell, Louisa Lee, 1870-1944","Bowley, Albert Jesse, 1875-1945","Dashiell, J. L. (James \"Jimmy\" Lambert), 1870-1950","DeShields, Henry C. (Henry Carrington), 1870-1937","Dubell, Charles Bratten, Rev., 1871-1952","Dunn, B. W. (Beverly Wyly), Colonel, 1860-1936","Francis, Lucy Elphinstone Smith Maitland, b. ca. 1865","Glasgow, William A., Mrs.","Hackett, James Keteltas, 1869-1926","Hanby, Charles M., Dr., 1874-1944","Kyle, Margaret B. Hanby, 1904-1966","Seagle, Oscar","Harding, Frances (Fanny) Jane Ball, 1858-1924","Joyner, Sterling J., b. 1874","Lee, Baker P. (Baker Perkins), Rev., 1870-1942","Lee, Lulu Skinner, 1870-1946","Vaughn, Bertha Hayes, 1884-1932","Young, Emily Riddle Hill, 1862-1959","Pizek, Stanley R., b. ca. 1885","Goldsborough, Phillips Lee, 1865-1946","Reybold, F. K. (Frederick K.), 1874-1969","Allee, J. Frank (James Frank), 1857-1938","Buck, Clayton Douglass, 1890-1965","Griffenberg, E. B. (Elwood Bryan), Senator, 1875-1963","Bradford, E. G. (Edward Green), Jr., Representative, 1878-1927","Hilles, Florence Bayard, 1866-1954","Pennewill, Simeon S. (Simeon Selby), Governor, 1867-1935","Roosevelt, Theodore, 1858-1919","Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945","Davis, E. M. (Edward Milford), b.1887","Layton, Daniel J. (Daniel John), 1879-1960","Short, I. D. (Isaac Dolphus), 1875-1953","Hurley, Patrick J. (Patrick Jay), 1883-1963","Coolidge, Calvin (John Calvin), 1872-1933","Walls, J. E.","Black, George, 1868-1942","Horwitz, George Q. (George Quintard), 1868-1916","Beardslee, L. R. (Lisle Rhodes), 1879-1963","Connable, Frank L. (Frank Lee), 1871-1947","Du Pont, Alexis I. (Alexis Irénée), 1869-1921","Dunham, R. H. (Russell Harry), 1870-1958","Du Pont, Irénée, 1876-1963","Reese, Charles L. (Charles Lee), 1862-1940","Darling, Philip G. (Philip Greenville), 1878-1948","Stirling, Thomas J., 1848-1926","Gentieu, Pierre A. (Pierre Auguste), 10215","Cazenove, Louis A. (Louis Albert), 1851-1925","Jones, Frank Cazenove, Jr., 1887-1949","Raskob, John J. (John Jakob), 1879-1950","Scott, William L. (William Levi), 1857-1934","Prickett, C. D. (Clifford Denslow), 1863-1949","Ramsay, William G. (William Gouverneur), 1866-1916","Cauffiel, Daniel, 1867-1930","Gregory, Thomas Watt, 1861-1933","Du Pont, William, 1855-1928","Crosby, H. T. (Howard T.), 1880-1928","Ross, Howard D. (Howard DeHaven), b. 1872","Miller, Robert W., 1890-1943","Hassan, A. A. (Addison A.), b. ca.1857- d.1935","Eckersley, J. H. (James H.), b. ca. 1857- d.1921","Browne, Hugh C.","Harrison, D. B. (Duncan B.), Major","Scott, Temple, b. 1864","Glasgow, William A. (William Anderson), Jr., 1865-1930","Jones, Frank Cazenove, Sr., 1857-1918","Loos, Henry B. (Henry Beatty), 1892-1918","Rogers, James H. (James Hague), 1848-1919","Thompson, J. Clayton (John Clayton), b. 1874","Bielaski, A. Bruce (Alexander Bruce), 1851-1926","Du Pont Perot, Eleanor Ball, 1875-1934","Cate, Isaac M., 1838-1923","Lewis, Howard Benton, 1867-1946","Penington, Robert, b. 1874","Miles, Joshua W. (Joshua Weldon), 1858-1929","Vale, Ruby Ross, 1874-1961","Harriman, J. W. (Joseph Wright), 1867-1949","Eyre, James K. (James Kline), 1882-1956","Cochran, Thomas, 1871-1936","Archibald, S. G. (Samuel G.), Judge, b. 1875","Harvey, Holstein, 1847-1920","Price, Francis A., 1857-1937","Price, Frederick Somers, b. 1886","Dennison, Ethan Allen, 1881-1954","Davis, Curtis E., 1866-1935","Ball, Edward G. (Edward Gresham), 1888-1981","Phillips, H. R. (Henry Rodney), 1858-1929","Duveen, C. J. (Charles Joel), 1871-1940","Frishmuth, Harriet Whitney, 1880-1980","Novack, David Robert","Stow, Marcellus Henry","Hibbard, Harriet H., 1868-1941","Thomson, Arthur","Campbell, Donald, 1879-1948","Curtis, Chas. (Charles) M., b. 1860","Oliver, Howard T. (Howard Taylor), 1887-1969","McLean, Colin, 1844-1916","Mathewson, S. Frank (Samuel Francis), 1865-1945","Leonard, James C., 1855-1930","Lyell, Robert O. (Robert Oliver), MD, Dr., 1878-1968","Burnam, Curtis F. (Curtis Field), MD, Dr., 1877-1947","Lawton, Thomas, 1878-1947","Bradfield, Edna T. (Edna Turner), 1881-1946","Dodge, Edwin R. (Edwin Rouse), 1860-1934","Lutkin, James, b. 1866","Rau, William Herman, 1855-1920","Bartlett, Jane, 1843-1928","Coffin, Rachel J., b. 1876","Hardy, S. D. (Samuel Drury), 1883-1966","Barthman, F. William (Frederick William), 1865-1935","Macdonald, Arthur Nelson, 1866-1940","Lee, John Thomas, 1875-1953","Evans, Lynwood Ingerville, 1889-1949","Griffith, Eugene Artemus, 1903-1980","Harris, Herrman H. (Herrman Hirsch), Dr., 1883-1936","Brereton, Ruth , 1891-1951","Jannicelli, F. Francis (Francesco Francis), b. 1896","Robinson, J. N. (John Norris), 1865-1960","Fischer, Carl, 1849-1923","Jayne, Horace H. F. (Horace Howard Furness), 1898-1975","Newell, Edward Theodore, 1886-1941","Gravino, Adam, 1889-1962","McCurdy, M. L.","McCurdy, William T.","Hutchison, Miller Reese, Sr., 1876-1944","Carroll, Edward R. (Edward Rotchford), 1887-1952","Carroll, Cosette M., b. 1910","Hoover, Herbert (Herbert Clark), 1874-1964","Shakespeare, Frank H. (Franklin Heverin), 1879-1950","Preston, Lelia Harrison Dew, 1893-1984","Montague, James J. (James Jackson), 1873-1941","Gravely, J. Bland (Judith Bland), 1918-1998","Doty, William Kavanaugh, 1886-1956","Hull, George H. (George Henry), Jr., b. 1867","Brandenberger, Clarence R. (Clarence Richard), 1892-1976","Bowman, Sidney B., b. ca. 1867","Glendinning, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1867-1936","Carey, James L. (James Lucius), b. 1881","Kummerlowe, O. W. (Oscar Waldemar), 1884-1946","Songdahl, Peder Pedersen, Captain, b. 1873","C., McKnight-Smith","Smith, Jesse, Jr., Captain","Bowes, Thomas D. (Thomas David), Jr., 1883-1965","Kaighn, Herbert E. (Herbert Eugene), 1875-1934","Moody, Edmund P., 1857-1931","Smith, Harry A., 1878-1960","Harton, J. Howard (John Howard), 1887-1935","Smyth, James M. (James McKane), 1860-1943","Mack, Edward R. (Edward Resolved), 1876-1944","Horncastle, Thomas, b. ca. 1871","Perry, Roland Hinton, 1870-1941","Tartoue, Pierre, 1888-1974","Salvatore, Victor, 1884-1965","Danton, V. E. (Van Eaton), Dr.","Linding, H. M. (Herman Magnuson), b. 1880","Arthur Edwin, Bye, Dr., 1885-1968","Maugans, J. C. (John Clifford), 1878-1969","Glynn, Elizabeth Frances, 1895-1954","Keller, Ferdinand Hyskull, b. ca. 1870","Schmauk, B. T. (Benjamin Tyson), b. 1853","Judd, Joseph A., 1889-1937","Edwards, Anne C. F.","Potamkin, Barney, b. 1878","Horty, William H., 1861-1931","Manda, W. A. (William A.), b. 1862","McClure, R. L.","Mackensen, William J.","Conwell, H. Ernest (Henry), 1887-1964","Bateman, St. Elmo, 1877-1959","Fullarton, Andrew D. (Anderew Darling), 1878-1939","Roemer, Louise Frances Schenkel, 1894-1985","De Garis, F.","Du Pont Swift, Charles, 1875-1917","Levett, Edith E., b. ca. 1881","Simmonds, Helena Linck, 1882-1954","Goldsborough, Brice W. (Brice Worthington), Dr., 1859-1929","Chinn, J. W. (Joseph W.), Jr., Judge, 1866-1936","Earll, Irene B., b. 1888","Seiss, Ralph W. (Ralph William), Dr., 1861-1926","Wharton, H. M. (Henry Marvin), Rev., 1848-1928","Combs, L.R. (Laurence Rosseau), Rev., 1858-1937","Kay, H. Tyler, b. 1889","Tucker, Beverly R. (Beverly Randolph), Dr., 1874-1945","Robbins, Howard C. (Howard Chandler), 1876-1952","Schulz, Otto","Rossell, John S., 1856-1934","Walls, Laura J. C. (Laura J. Calhoun), 1882-1967","Hill, Jacob V. (Jacob Vincent), 1893-1942","Wickes, James C., Col., b. 1868","Wilson, D. Mifflin (Daniel Mifflin), 1856-1948","Zimmerman, B. John (Bernard John), 1901-1955","Payne, A. A. (Alvin Annon), 1889-1937","Bright, James C., d. 1947","Ottenstein, M. Z. (Morris Zachary), 1898-1993","Linares-Rivas, Jose M.","Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Nemours (Greenville, Del. : Dwelling)","St. Stephen's Church (Philadelphia, Pa.)","Du Pont De Nemours Cemetery Company","E.I. du Pont de Nemours Powder Company","Delaware Trust Company","Alfred I. Du Pont School District","Bobbs-Merrill Company","Davis \u0026 Brother, Inc.","Richards \u0026 Affeld","Brentano's (Firm)","Tiffany Studios (New York, N.Y.). Ecclesiastical Department","Carrère \u0026 Hastings","St. Stephen's Episcopal Church (Norwood, Pennsylvania)","Battle Creek Sanitarium (Battle Creek, Mich.)","Massena and Du Pont","Phillips Academy","Bordentown Military Institute","Harriman Naitonal Bank","Du Pont Maternity Hospital","Wilmington Morning News","Every Evening Wilmington","Wilmington (Del.). Department of Police","Delaware Ledger","Okonite Company","Service Citizens of Delaware","Atlas Powder Company","East Texas Oil, Gas, and Mineral Company","Rocky Mountain National Bank","American International Oil Corporation","Cambridge Yacht Club","Edmund Kelly Real Estate","The Club-Fellow \u0026 Washington Mirror","Glaze \u0026 Fine law firm","New York World","United States. Department of the Treasury","Equitable Guarantee and Trust Co.","Tonkin Du Pont Graphite Co.","Harriman National Bank","Corn Exchange National Bank","Franklin Trust Company (Philadelphia, PA)","Public Service Company of Colorado","Denver Gas and Electric Light Co.","The First National Bank of the City of New York","French American Constructive Corporation","Nemours Trading Corporation","E.I. du Pont de Nemours \u0026 Company","Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company","Brandywine Realty","Delaware Barber Company","Delaware State Chamber of Commerce","Everett Railway, Light and Water Company","Hotel du Pont","Harding Peeling Machine Company","Liberty Brand Canning Company","Delaware Packing Company","Gorham Manufacturing Company","McLean Contracting Company","Crosby and Hill Company","General Acoustic Company","George Tiemann and Company","Miller and Cleghorn","E. A. Myers and Sons","Sonotone Corporation","Auratone Incorporated","William F. Murphy's Sons","Mercantile Printing Company","The Dreka Company","Cann Brothers and Kinding Incorporated","Hughes and Muller Tailoring","Mann and Dilks","Buckeye Shirt Company","Gene-Vall Cigar Company, Incorporated","Jung Arch Brace Company","Rand McNally and Company","H. W. Fisher and Company","J.E. Caldwell \u0026 Co","Waltham Watch Company","Wall and Ochs","Bonschur and Holmes","Franklin Simon \u0026 Co","Boué Soeurs","Grande Maison de Blanc","Faultless Manufacturing Company","George L. Starks and Company","National Association of Retail Clothiers and Furnishers","New Process Company","John Morrell \u0026 Co","Pathéscope (Firm)","Bell \u0026 Howell Co","Montana State Prison","Unexcelled Manufacturing Company","Ritz-Carlton Hotels (Firm)","Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers (U.S.)","United States. Post Office Department","National Horse Show Association of America","United States Lines Company","Social Register Association (U.S.)","Du Pont Bridge Club","G. Schirmer, Inc","Kny-Scheerer Company","Robinson Electric Manufacturing Company","Westchester Country Club (Rye, N.Y.)","Bankers Club of America","Beaver Lake Club","Congressional Country Club","Winchester Repeating Arms Company","Remington Arms Company","National Rifle Association of America","Jonas Bros. Taxidermy","Brunswick-Balke-Collender Company","A.G. Spalding \u0026 Bros","Abercrombie \u0026 Fitch","Graybar Electric Company inc","Pinkerton's National Detective Agency","League of Nations","United States Naval Academy","Delaware Automobile Association","International Harvester Company","Foss-Hughes Company","Rushmore Dynamo Works","Ford Motor Company","New York Edison Company","E. Rosenfeld and Company","Miniature Breaker Company","Packard Motor Car Company","Rolls-Royce of America","New York (State). Bureau of Motor Vehicles","Fortune Magazine","Toppan Boat Manufacturing Company","Shelton Electric Company","General Electric Company","Consilidated Gas and Gasoline Engine Company","Automatic Electrical Devices Company","New York Yacht Club","Lloyd's Register of British and Foreign Shipping (Firm)","Schenck and Schenck Insurance Agents and Brokers","United States. Hydrographic Office","Cox and Stevens","New London Ship and Engine Company","Wilmington Sunday Star","Western Pump Company","American Car and Foundry Company","Kelvinator","William J. Highfield General Insurance","Fire Association of Philadelphia","Marine Basin Company","Scott \u0026 Fowles (Firm)","Marine Construction Company","Yorktown Yacht Club","Consolidated Shipbuilding Corporation","Cooper-Bessemer Corporation","Henry J. Gielow, Incorporated","Mathis Yacht Building Company","Earl H. Croft, Incorporated","Broward County Port Authority","Keil Motor Company","Huckins Yacht Corporation","The Universal Horticultural Establishment, Incorporated","Winslow Bros. Company","Booth, Garrett and Blair","Otis Elevator Company","J.L. Mott Iron Works","Wilmington (Del.). Water Department","The Spur","James Boyd and Brothers","Ajax Fire Engine Works","Saks \u0026 Company (New York, N.Y.)","Remington Machine Company","Polar Water Still Company","Vacuum Engineering Company","Spencer Turbine Cleaner Company","Diamond Ice and Coal Company","Huyler's (Firm)","Robinson and Payne","Pitt and Scott","Armstrong Seatag Corporation","J. L. Kraft and Brothers Company","G. Washington Coffee Refining Company","James Rowland and Company","C. V. Floyd Fruit Company","Henry R. Hallowell and Son","Belle Meade Farm","Hearn Brothers","Mouquin, incorporated","Walter Hawkins Fruit","Maerose Fruit Corporation of Texas","Chappel Brothers Incorporated","Magasins du Louvre","E. Gimpel and Wildenstein","Steinway \u0026 Sons","W. \u0026 J. Sloane","E.F. Hodgson Co","Tiffany and Company","Theodore B. Starr","George F. Barnes, Incorporated","Gilman Collamore and Company","William T. Stuart, Incorporated","Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.)","Museum of Fine Arts, Boston","Seth Thomas Clock Company","Litchfield and Company","Aero Service Corporation","Rau Studios, Incorporated","Lewis \u0026 Conger","Samuel Kirk and Son","Davis Collamore and Company","Edmondson Warrin","Universal Appraisal Company","C. J. Benson and Company, Incorporated","S. P. Sulo Furniture Company","Bryant and Heffernan, Incorporated","Port Clinton Fish Company","Henry F. Michell Co","William H. Moon Company","Pierson U-Bar Company","Hitchings \u0026 Co","Wadley and Smythe","Skinner Irrigation Company","Ideal Power Lawn Mower Company","Coldwell Lawn Mower Company","Philadelphia Lawn Mower Company","Campbell Irrigation Company","John Polachek Bronze and Iron Works Company","Glen Brothers, Incorporated","Munson Whitaker Company","United States. Bureau of Forestry","Du Pont Gun Club","B. Ridgway and Son","Architectural Decorating Company","Johnson Service Company","Frigidaire Corporation","Tirrill Gas Machine Lighting Company","Manning Manufacturing Company","Oliver Oil Gas Burner and Machine Company","George W. McCaulley and Son Company","American Ironing Machine Co","Geyser Electric Washing Machine Company","Savage firearms","Church Art Work Company","Aladdin Company","Permutit Company","Smyth Construction Company","E. T. Burrowes","Wolfe and Adams","The Master Company","Bliss Exterminator Company","Verm-O-Spray","United Cork Flooring Company","Loomis-Manning Filter Distributing Company","Russell and Erwin Manufacturing Company","Blue Ball Farm (Wilmington, DE)","Andover Ambulance Corps.","Ward, Gray, and Neary","Young Men's Christian Association (Wilmington, De.)","Cambridge Maternity Hospital","National Organization for Public Health Nursing (U.S.)","St. John's Rectory (Milford, DE)","University of Delaware","Staunton Military Academy","Wharton Grove Camp Ground","College of William \u0026 Mary","Kent General Hospital (Dover, DE)","Cathedral School of St. John the Divine","American Association for Old Age Security","Delaware Old Age Welfare Commission","Delaware Old Age Pension Fund","Delaware. Department of Public Instruction","Alfred I. Du Pont School (Talleyville, DE)","Delaware. State Board of Education","Industrial Trust Company","Delaware State Aid Society","Robert E. Lee Memorial Foundation","Florida National Bank","First National Bank (Panama City, FL)","Du Pont Family","La Motte","Ball family"],"access_terms_ssm":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The papers of Jessie Ball duPont were consolidated with her records stored in Jacksonville after her death and the closing of her Wilmington office as well as Alfred I. duPont's Jacksonville papers. The Nemours papers were maintained at the estate in Delaware and at some point were shipped to Jacksonville. The collection was donated to Washington and Lee University in the 1970s but remained in Jacksonville at the offices of the Jessie Ball duPont Religious, Charitable and Educational Fund awaiting completion of the biography about her. In September 1990, Washington and Lee received a grant from the Fund to process the duPont Family papers and contracted with History Associates Incorporated to perform the work."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Correspondence","Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Correspondence","Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["33 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["33 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], duPont Family Papers (WLU Coll. 0169), Special Collections and Archives, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], duPont Family Papers (WLU Coll. 0169), Special Collections and Archives, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe original finding aid was funded in part by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities in partnership with the History Associates Incorporated in 2001. Edits to this description for injest into ArchivesSpace were made by Graham McKemy and Mattie Clear in 2023.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The original finding aid was funded in part by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities in partnership with the History Associates Incorporated in 2001. Edits to this description for injest into ArchivesSpace were made by Graham McKemy and Mattie Clear in 2023."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections."],"corpname_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Nemours (Greenville, Del. : Dwelling)","St. Stephen's Church (Philadelphia, Pa.)","Du Pont De Nemours Cemetery Company","E.I. du Pont de Nemours Powder Company","Delaware Trust Company","Alfred I. Du Pont School District","Bobbs-Merrill Company","Davis \u0026 Brother, Inc.","Richards \u0026 Affeld","Brentano's (Firm)","Tiffany Studios (New York, N.Y.). Ecclesiastical Department","Carrère \u0026 Hastings","St. Stephen's Episcopal Church (Norwood, Pennsylvania)","Battle Creek Sanitarium (Battle Creek, Mich.)","Massena and Du Pont","Phillips Academy","Bordentown Military Institute","Harriman Naitonal Bank","Du Pont Maternity Hospital","Wilmington Morning News","Every Evening Wilmington","Wilmington (Del.). Department of Police","Delaware Ledger","Okonite Company","Service Citizens of Delaware","Atlas Powder Company","East Texas Oil, Gas, and Mineral Company","Rocky Mountain National Bank","American International Oil Corporation","Cambridge Yacht Club","Edmund Kelly Real Estate","The Club-Fellow \u0026 Washington Mirror","Glaze \u0026 Fine law firm","New York World","United States. Department of the Treasury","Equitable Guarantee and Trust Co.","Tonkin Du Pont Graphite Co.","Harriman National Bank","Corn Exchange National Bank","Franklin Trust Company (Philadelphia, PA)","Public Service Company of Colorado","Denver Gas and Electric Light Co.","The First National Bank of the City of New York","French American Constructive Corporation","Nemours Trading Corporation","E.I. du Pont de Nemours \u0026 Company","Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company","Brandywine Realty","Delaware Barber Company","Delaware State Chamber of Commerce","Everett Railway, Light and Water Company","Hotel du Pont","Harding Peeling Machine Company","Liberty Brand Canning Company","Delaware Packing Company","Gorham Manufacturing Company","McLean Contracting Company","Crosby and Hill Company","General Acoustic Company","George Tiemann and Company","Miller and Cleghorn","E. A. Myers and Sons","Sonotone Corporation","Auratone Incorporated","William F. Murphy's Sons","Mercantile Printing Company","The Dreka Company","Cann Brothers and Kinding Incorporated","Hughes and Muller Tailoring","Mann and Dilks","Buckeye Shirt Company","Gene-Vall Cigar Company, Incorporated","Jung Arch Brace Company","Rand McNally and Company","H. W. Fisher and Company","J.E. Caldwell \u0026 Co","Waltham Watch Company","Wall and Ochs","Bonschur and Holmes","Franklin Simon \u0026 Co","Boué Soeurs","Grande Maison de Blanc","Faultless Manufacturing Company","George L. Starks and Company","National Association of Retail Clothiers and Furnishers","New Process Company","John Morrell \u0026 Co","Pathéscope (Firm)","Bell \u0026 Howell Co","Montana State Prison","Unexcelled Manufacturing Company","Ritz-Carlton Hotels (Firm)","Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers (U.S.)","United States. Post Office Department","National Horse Show Association of America","United States Lines Company","Social Register Association (U.S.)","Du Pont Bridge Club","G. Schirmer, Inc","Kny-Scheerer Company","Robinson Electric Manufacturing Company","Westchester Country Club (Rye, N.Y.)","Bankers Club of America","Beaver Lake Club","Congressional Country Club","Winchester Repeating Arms Company","Remington Arms Company","National Rifle Association of America","Jonas Bros. Taxidermy","Brunswick-Balke-Collender Company","A.G. Spalding \u0026 Bros","Abercrombie \u0026 Fitch","Graybar Electric Company inc","Pinkerton's National Detective Agency","League of Nations","United States Naval Academy","Delaware Automobile Association","International Harvester Company","Foss-Hughes Company","Rushmore Dynamo Works","Ford Motor Company","New York Edison Company","E. Rosenfeld and Company","Miniature Breaker Company","Packard Motor Car Company","Rolls-Royce of America","New York (State). Bureau of Motor Vehicles","Fortune Magazine","Toppan Boat Manufacturing Company","Shelton Electric Company","General Electric Company","Consilidated Gas and Gasoline Engine Company","Automatic Electrical Devices Company","New York Yacht Club","Lloyd's Register of British and Foreign Shipping (Firm)","Schenck and Schenck Insurance Agents and Brokers","United States. Hydrographic Office","Cox and Stevens","New London Ship and Engine Company","Wilmington Sunday Star","Western Pump Company","American Car and Foundry Company","Kelvinator","William J. Highfield General Insurance","Fire Association of Philadelphia","Marine Basin Company","Scott \u0026 Fowles (Firm)","Marine Construction Company","Yorktown Yacht Club","Consolidated Shipbuilding Corporation","Cooper-Bessemer Corporation","Henry J. Gielow, Incorporated","Mathis Yacht Building Company","Earl H. Croft, Incorporated","Broward County Port Authority","Keil Motor Company","Huckins Yacht Corporation","The Universal Horticultural Establishment, Incorporated","Winslow Bros. Company","Booth, Garrett and Blair","Otis Elevator Company","J.L. Mott Iron Works","Wilmington (Del.). Water Department","The Spur","James Boyd and Brothers","Ajax Fire Engine Works","Saks \u0026 Company (New York, N.Y.)","Remington Machine Company","Polar Water Still Company","Vacuum Engineering Company","Spencer Turbine Cleaner Company","Diamond Ice and Coal Company","Huyler's (Firm)","Robinson and Payne","Pitt and Scott","Armstrong Seatag Corporation","J. L. Kraft and Brothers Company","G. Washington Coffee Refining Company","James Rowland and Company","C. V. Floyd Fruit Company","Henry R. Hallowell and Son","Belle Meade Farm","Hearn Brothers","Mouquin, incorporated","Walter Hawkins Fruit","Maerose Fruit Corporation of Texas","Chappel Brothers Incorporated","Magasins du Louvre","E. Gimpel and Wildenstein","Steinway \u0026 Sons","W. \u0026 J. Sloane","E.F. Hodgson Co","Tiffany and Company","Theodore B. Starr","George F. Barnes, Incorporated","Gilman Collamore and Company","William T. Stuart, Incorporated","Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.)","Museum of Fine Arts, Boston","Seth Thomas Clock Company","Litchfield and Company","Aero Service Corporation","Rau Studios, Incorporated","Lewis \u0026 Conger","Samuel Kirk and Son","Davis Collamore and Company","Edmondson Warrin","Universal Appraisal Company","C. J. Benson and Company, Incorporated","S. P. Sulo Furniture Company","Bryant and Heffernan, Incorporated","Port Clinton Fish Company","Henry F. Michell Co","William H. Moon Company","Pierson U-Bar Company","Hitchings \u0026 Co","Wadley and Smythe","Skinner Irrigation Company","Ideal Power Lawn Mower Company","Coldwell Lawn Mower Company","Philadelphia Lawn Mower Company","Campbell Irrigation Company","John Polachek Bronze and Iron Works Company","Glen Brothers, Incorporated","Munson Whitaker Company","United States. Bureau of Forestry","Du Pont Gun Club","B. Ridgway and Son","Architectural Decorating Company","Johnson Service Company","Frigidaire Corporation","Tirrill Gas Machine Lighting Company","Manning Manufacturing Company","Oliver Oil Gas Burner and Machine Company","George W. McCaulley and Son Company","American Ironing Machine Co","Geyser Electric Washing Machine Company","Savage firearms","Church Art Work Company","Aladdin Company","Permutit Company","Smyth Construction Company","E. T. Burrowes","Wolfe and Adams","The Master Company","Bliss Exterminator Company","Verm-O-Spray","United Cork Flooring Company","Loomis-Manning Filter Distributing Company","Russell and Erwin Manufacturing Company","Blue Ball Farm (Wilmington, DE)","Andover Ambulance Corps.","Ward, Gray, and Neary","Young Men's Christian Association (Wilmington, De.)","Cambridge Maternity Hospital","National Organization for Public Health Nursing (U.S.)","St. John's Rectory (Milford, DE)","University of Delaware","Staunton Military Academy","Wharton Grove Camp Ground","College of William \u0026 Mary","Kent General Hospital (Dover, DE)","Cathedral School of St. John the Divine","American Association for Old Age Security","Delaware Old Age Welfare Commission","Delaware Old Age Pension Fund","Delaware. Department of Public Instruction","Alfred I. Du Pont School (Talleyville, DE)","Delaware. State Board of Education","Industrial Trust Company","Delaware State Aid Society","Robert E. Lee Memorial Foundation","Florida National Bank","First National Bank (Panama City, FL)"],"famname_ssim":["Du Pont Family","La Motte","Ball family"],"persname_ssim":["Du Pont, Alfred I. (Alfred Irénée), 1864-1935","Du Pont, Jessie Ball, 1884-1970","Jakes, T. W. (Thomas Webber) (Thomas Webber Jakes ), 1867-1945","Gentieu, Frederick, 1872-1951","Gentieu, Celeste, 1879-1971","Bakewell-Green, Estelle, 1870-1956","Spooner, W. W. (Walter Whipple), 1861-1922","Du Pont, T. Coleman (Thomas Coleman), 1863-1930","Du Pont, Ernest, 1880-1944","Maxwell, George T. (Gee Tee), 1895-1965","Du Pont, Samuel Francis, 1803-1865","Heitmuller, Anton H. F. (Anton Henry F.), 1859-1943","Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826","de Morant, V. G. (Victor Georges), 1878-1961","Archibald, S. G., fl. 1912-1920","Du Pont, Pauline Foster, 1849-1902","Conrad, Henry C. (Henry Clay), 1852-1930","Johnson, B. F. (Benjamin Franklin), 1856-1921","Ingersoll, Ralph (Ralph McAllister), 1900-1985","Du Pont, Pierre S. (Pierre Samuel), 1870-1954","Du Pont, E. Paul (Eleuthère Paul), 1887-1950","Stetser, Albert, 1886-1968","Du Pont, Eleuthère Irénée, 1771-1834","Du Pont, Mary Van Dyke, 1826-1909","Parker, E. W. (Eben Walter)","Lee, Maurice du Pont, 1885-1974","Ruoff, Madeleine Mary Du Pont, 1887-1965","Macomber, Susan G.","MacGregor, Mary Alicia Maddox Du Pont, 1903-1975","Goldsborough, Edith","Du Pont, Mary Alicia Heyward Bradford, 1875-1920","Du Pont, Alfred V. (Alfred Victor), 1900-1970","Hilles, Charles Dewey, 1867-1949","Huidekoper, Bessie Cazenove Du Pont, 1889-1973","Huidekoper, Reginald Shippen, 1876-1943","Du Pont, Victorine Elise, 1903-1965","Du Pont, Margaret (Margery) May Fitz Gerald, 1866-1951","Gray, R. A. (Robert Andrew), 1882-1975","Martinez, Joseph D.","Du Pont, Marcella Miller (1903-09-09-1985-09)","Mathewson, S. Frank","Connor, Ellen","James, Marquis, 1891-1955","Massey, Anne","Maxwell, T. J.","Chabannes, Jean-Pierre, Comte de Chabannes, 1862-1928","Du Pont, B. G. (Bessie Gardner), 1864-1949","Du Pont, Elizabeth Gardner, 1864-1949","Copeland, Charles, 1867-1944","Mann, Harrington, 1864-1937","Dent, Victorine Elise Du Pont, 1903-1965","Davidson, C. Frank","Du Pont, Samuel, 1910","Du Pont, Eluthera Paulina, 1912","Shears, W. C., Rev., d. ca. 1928","Shears, Ethel","Hastings, Thomas, 1860-1929","Dent, Elbert, 1895-1965","von Frantzius, Ida","Tripp, Marie A.","Glendening, Harold Sanford, 1896-1990","Glendening, Alan Sanford, 1923-1979","Zapffe, Adelaide Camille Du Pont, 1915-2000","Hiebler, Max, 1887-1957","Hiebler, Benno Lorenz, 1914-1980","Ruoff, Hermann","Hiebler, Alfred Friedrich, 1915-1991","Hiebler, Bayard Wilson \"Max\", 1911-1945","Hitler, Adolf, 1889-1945","Lee, Marguerite Du Pont, 1862-1936","Du Pont, Charlotte Louise, 1893-1972","Massena, Gabriel Francois, 1902-1945","Crane, Clara Isabel (Claris), 1880-1968","Crane, Sarah (Sadie) D., 1891-1970","Du Pont, Francis I. (Francis Irénée), 1873-1942","Du Pont, H. A. (Henry Algernon), 1838-1926","Du Pont, Nesta Pamela, 1903-1973","Duvall, Maria C. L. (Cumming Lamar), 1869-1957","Ellett, Katherine Gresham Tyler, 1909-2003","Francis, Olga M. (Olga Mary), 1904-2011","Gravely, Julian S. (\"Gin Gin\"), Mrs.","Gresham, Hattie Bell (\"de Blub\"), 1880-1964","Haile, Ella Grisham, 1845-1938","Jesse, Eoline C. (Eoline Carter) Ball, 1890-1989","La Motte, Arthur, 1871-1947","Eaton, George \"Pap\" Thomas, 1856-1937","La Motte, Ellen N. (Ellen Newbold), 1873-1961","La Motte, Ferdinand, Jr., 1879-1961","La Motte, Theodore R. (\"Cap\"), 1863-ca. 1931","Du Pont, Lammot, 1880-1952","Lee, Cazenove Gardner, 1882-1945","Lee, Dorothy Vandegrift, 1886-1972","Lee, Richard H. (Richard Henry), 1918-1940","Lee, Geraldine \"Gerry\" Shaw, b. 1889","Du Pont Lee, Marguerite, 1914-2004","Lee, Katherine, 1885-1968","Lee, Charlotte, 1921-2014","Du Pont Lee, Maurice, Jr., 1925-2020","Du Pont, Maurice (1866-1941)","Taylor, Archibald H., b. ca. 1851-d. 1928","Tyler, Frances Beale, 1911-2003","Wright, Thomas Ball Winston, 1909-1964","Adams, Floride Harding, 1887-1965","Harding, Rebecca W., 1882-1982","Ball, Isabella Louise, 1882-1971","Baker, N. Addison (Nehemiah Addison), 1882-1973","Baker, Jessie Gresham, 1918-1995","Ball, Maria Louisa, 1846-1932","Ball, Thomas , Jr., 1879-1960","Jesse, James D. (James DeJarnette), 1885-1962","Ball, A. L. C. (Addison Lombard Carter), 1876-1934","Bowley, Elsie Ball Wright, 1886-1972","Wright, Bayard W. (Bayard Winston), 1886-1940","Quigley, James P., Rev., 1862-1925","Troubetzkoy, Pierre, 1864-1936","Kirkus, Frederick M. (Frederick Maurice), Rev., 1862-1939","Brereton, Mary E. (Mary Elizabeth), 1887-1964","Bayard Angell, Louisa Lee, 1870-1944","Bowley, Albert Jesse, 1875-1945","Dashiell, J. L. (James \"Jimmy\" Lambert), 1870-1950","DeShields, Henry C. (Henry Carrington), 1870-1937","Dubell, Charles Bratten, Rev., 1871-1952","Dunn, B. W. (Beverly Wyly), Colonel, 1860-1936","Francis, Lucy Elphinstone Smith Maitland, b. ca. 1865","Glasgow, William A., Mrs.","Hackett, James Keteltas, 1869-1926","Hanby, Charles M., Dr., 1874-1944","Kyle, Margaret B. Hanby, 1904-1966","Seagle, Oscar","Harding, Frances (Fanny) Jane Ball, 1858-1924","Joyner, Sterling J., b. 1874","Lee, Baker P. (Baker Perkins), Rev., 1870-1942","Lee, Lulu Skinner, 1870-1946","Vaughn, Bertha Hayes, 1884-1932","Young, Emily Riddle Hill, 1862-1959","Pizek, Stanley R., b. ca. 1885","Goldsborough, Phillips Lee, 1865-1946","Reybold, F. K. (Frederick K.), 1874-1969","Allee, J. Frank (James Frank), 1857-1938","Buck, Clayton Douglass, 1890-1965","Griffenberg, E. B. (Elwood Bryan), Senator, 1875-1963","Bradford, E. G. (Edward Green), Jr., Representative, 1878-1927","Hilles, Florence Bayard, 1866-1954","Pennewill, Simeon S. (Simeon Selby), Governor, 1867-1935","Roosevelt, Theodore, 1858-1919","Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945","Davis, E. M. (Edward Milford), b.1887","Layton, Daniel J. (Daniel John), 1879-1960","Short, I. D. (Isaac Dolphus), 1875-1953","Hurley, Patrick J. (Patrick Jay), 1883-1963","Coolidge, Calvin (John Calvin), 1872-1933","Walls, J. E.","Black, George, 1868-1942","Horwitz, George Q. (George Quintard), 1868-1916","Beardslee, L. R. (Lisle Rhodes), 1879-1963","Connable, Frank L. (Frank Lee), 1871-1947","Du Pont, Alexis I. (Alexis Irénée), 1869-1921","Dunham, R. H. (Russell Harry), 1870-1958","Du Pont, Irénée, 1876-1963","Reese, Charles L. (Charles Lee), 1862-1940","Darling, Philip G. (Philip Greenville), 1878-1948","Stirling, Thomas J., 1848-1926","Gentieu, Pierre A. (Pierre Auguste), 10215","Cazenove, Louis A. (Louis Albert), 1851-1925","Jones, Frank Cazenove, Jr., 1887-1949","Raskob, John J. (John Jakob), 1879-1950","Scott, William L. (William Levi), 1857-1934","Prickett, C. D. (Clifford Denslow), 1863-1949","Ramsay, William G. (William Gouverneur), 1866-1916","Cauffiel, Daniel, 1867-1930","Gregory, Thomas Watt, 1861-1933","Du Pont, William, 1855-1928","Crosby, H. T. (Howard T.), 1880-1928","Ross, Howard D. (Howard DeHaven), b. 1872","Miller, Robert W., 1890-1943","Hassan, A. A. (Addison A.), b. ca.1857- d.1935","Eckersley, J. H. (James H.), b. ca. 1857- d.1921","Browne, Hugh C.","Harrison, D. B. (Duncan B.), Major","Scott, Temple, b. 1864","Glasgow, William A. (William Anderson), Jr., 1865-1930","Jones, Frank Cazenove, Sr., 1857-1918","Loos, Henry B. (Henry Beatty), 1892-1918","Rogers, James H. (James Hague), 1848-1919","Thompson, J. Clayton (John Clayton), b. 1874","Bielaski, A. Bruce (Alexander Bruce), 1851-1926","Du Pont Perot, Eleanor Ball, 1875-1934","Cate, Isaac M., 1838-1923","Lewis, Howard Benton, 1867-1946","Penington, Robert, b. 1874","Miles, Joshua W. (Joshua Weldon), 1858-1929","Vale, Ruby Ross, 1874-1961","Harriman, J. W. (Joseph Wright), 1867-1949","Eyre, James K. (James Kline), 1882-1956","Cochran, Thomas, 1871-1936","Archibald, S. G. (Samuel G.), Judge, b. 1875","Harvey, Holstein, 1847-1920","Price, Francis A., 1857-1937","Price, Frederick Somers, b. 1886","Dennison, Ethan Allen, 1881-1954","Davis, Curtis E., 1866-1935","Ball, Edward G. (Edward Gresham), 1888-1981","Phillips, H. R. (Henry Rodney), 1858-1929","Duveen, C. J. (Charles Joel), 1871-1940","Frishmuth, Harriet Whitney, 1880-1980","Novack, David Robert","Stow, Marcellus Henry","Hibbard, Harriet H., 1868-1941","Thomson, Arthur","Campbell, Donald, 1879-1948","Curtis, Chas. (Charles) M., b. 1860","Oliver, Howard T. (Howard Taylor), 1887-1969","McLean, Colin, 1844-1916","Mathewson, S. Frank (Samuel Francis), 1865-1945","Leonard, James C., 1855-1930","Lyell, Robert O. (Robert Oliver), MD, Dr., 1878-1968","Burnam, Curtis F. (Curtis Field), MD, Dr., 1877-1947","Lawton, Thomas, 1878-1947","Bradfield, Edna T. (Edna Turner), 1881-1946","Dodge, Edwin R. (Edwin Rouse), 1860-1934","Lutkin, James, b. 1866","Rau, William Herman, 1855-1920","Bartlett, Jane, 1843-1928","Coffin, Rachel J., b. 1876","Hardy, S. D. (Samuel Drury), 1883-1966","Barthman, F. William (Frederick William), 1865-1935","Macdonald, Arthur Nelson, 1866-1940","Lee, John Thomas, 1875-1953","Evans, Lynwood Ingerville, 1889-1949","Griffith, Eugene Artemus, 1903-1980","Harris, Herrman H. (Herrman Hirsch), Dr., 1883-1936","Brereton, Ruth , 1891-1951","Jannicelli, F. Francis (Francesco Francis), b. 1896","Robinson, J. N. (John Norris), 1865-1960","Fischer, Carl, 1849-1923","Jayne, Horace H. F. (Horace Howard Furness), 1898-1975","Newell, Edward Theodore, 1886-1941","Gravino, Adam, 1889-1962","McCurdy, M. L.","McCurdy, William T.","Hutchison, Miller Reese, Sr., 1876-1944","Carroll, Edward R. (Edward Rotchford), 1887-1952","Carroll, Cosette M., b. 1910","Hoover, Herbert (Herbert Clark), 1874-1964","Shakespeare, Frank H. (Franklin Heverin), 1879-1950","Preston, Lelia Harrison Dew, 1893-1984","Montague, James J. (James Jackson), 1873-1941","Gravely, J. Bland (Judith Bland), 1918-1998","Doty, William Kavanaugh, 1886-1956","Hull, George H. (George Henry), Jr., b. 1867","Brandenberger, Clarence R. (Clarence Richard), 1892-1976","Bowman, Sidney B., b. ca. 1867","Glendinning, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1867-1936","Carey, James L. (James Lucius), b. 1881","Kummerlowe, O. W. (Oscar Waldemar), 1884-1946","Songdahl, Peder Pedersen, Captain, b. 1873","C., McKnight-Smith","Smith, Jesse, Jr., Captain","Bowes, Thomas D. (Thomas David), Jr., 1883-1965","Kaighn, Herbert E. (Herbert Eugene), 1875-1934","Moody, Edmund P., 1857-1931","Smith, Harry A., 1878-1960","Harton, J. Howard (John Howard), 1887-1935","Smyth, James M. (James McKane), 1860-1943","Mack, Edward R. (Edward Resolved), 1876-1944","Horncastle, Thomas, b. ca. 1871","Perry, Roland Hinton, 1870-1941","Tartoue, Pierre, 1888-1974","Salvatore, Victor, 1884-1965","Danton, V. E. (Van Eaton), Dr.","Linding, H. M. (Herman Magnuson), b. 1880","Arthur Edwin, Bye, Dr., 1885-1968","Maugans, J. C. (John Clifford), 1878-1969","Glynn, Elizabeth Frances, 1895-1954","Keller, Ferdinand Hyskull, b. ca. 1870","Schmauk, B. T. (Benjamin Tyson), b. 1853","Judd, Joseph A., 1889-1937","Edwards, Anne C. F.","Potamkin, Barney, b. 1878","Horty, William H., 1861-1931","Manda, W. A. (William A.), b. 1862","McClure, R. L.","Mackensen, William J.","Conwell, H. Ernest (Henry), 1887-1964","Bateman, St. Elmo, 1877-1959","Fullarton, Andrew D. (Anderew Darling), 1878-1939","Roemer, Louise Frances Schenkel, 1894-1985","De Garis, F.","Du Pont Swift, Charles, 1875-1917","Levett, Edith E., b. ca. 1881","Simmonds, Helena Linck, 1882-1954","Goldsborough, Brice W. (Brice Worthington), Dr., 1859-1929","Chinn, J. W. (Joseph W.), Jr., Judge, 1866-1936","Earll, Irene B., b. 1888","Seiss, Ralph W. (Ralph William), Dr., 1861-1926","Wharton, H. M. (Henry Marvin), Rev., 1848-1928","Combs, L.R. (Laurence Rosseau), Rev., 1858-1937","Kay, H. Tyler, b. 1889","Tucker, Beverly R. (Beverly Randolph), Dr., 1874-1945","Robbins, Howard C. (Howard Chandler), 1876-1952","Schulz, Otto","Rossell, John S., 1856-1934","Walls, Laura J. C. (Laura J. Calhoun), 1882-1967","Hill, Jacob V. (Jacob Vincent), 1893-1942","Wickes, James C., Col., b. 1868","Wilson, D. Mifflin (Daniel Mifflin), 1856-1948","Zimmerman, B. John (Bernard John), 1901-1955","Payne, A. A. (Alvin Annon), 1889-1937","Bright, James C., d. 1947","Ottenstein, M. Z. (Morris Zachary), 1898-1993","Linares-Rivas, Jose M."],"names_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Nemours (Greenville, Del. : Dwelling)","St. Stephen's Church (Philadelphia, Pa.)","Du Pont De Nemours Cemetery Company","E.I. du Pont de Nemours Powder Company","Delaware Trust Company","Alfred I. Du Pont School District","Bobbs-Merrill Company","Davis \u0026 Brother, Inc.","Richards \u0026 Affeld","Brentano's (Firm)","Tiffany Studios (New York, N.Y.). Ecclesiastical Department","Carrère \u0026 Hastings","St. Stephen's Episcopal Church (Norwood, Pennsylvania)","Battle Creek Sanitarium (Battle Creek, Mich.)","Massena and Du Pont","Phillips Academy","Bordentown Military Institute","Harriman Naitonal Bank","Du Pont Maternity Hospital","Wilmington Morning News","Every Evening Wilmington","Wilmington (Del.). Department of Police","Delaware Ledger","Okonite Company","Service Citizens of Delaware","Atlas Powder Company","East Texas Oil, Gas, and Mineral Company","Rocky Mountain National Bank","American International Oil Corporation","Cambridge Yacht Club","Edmund Kelly Real Estate","The Club-Fellow \u0026 Washington Mirror","Glaze \u0026 Fine law firm","New York World","United States. Department of the Treasury","Equitable Guarantee and Trust Co.","Tonkin Du Pont Graphite Co.","Harriman National Bank","Corn Exchange National Bank","Franklin Trust Company (Philadelphia, PA)","Public Service Company of Colorado","Denver Gas and Electric Light Co.","The First National Bank of the City of New York","French American Constructive Corporation","Nemours Trading Corporation","E.I. du Pont de Nemours \u0026 Company","Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company","Brandywine Realty","Delaware Barber Company","Delaware State Chamber of Commerce","Everett Railway, Light and Water Company","Hotel du Pont","Harding Peeling Machine Company","Liberty Brand Canning Company","Delaware Packing Company","Gorham Manufacturing Company","McLean Contracting Company","Crosby and Hill Company","General Acoustic Company","George Tiemann and Company","Miller and Cleghorn","E. A. Myers and Sons","Sonotone Corporation","Auratone Incorporated","William F. Murphy's Sons","Mercantile Printing Company","The Dreka Company","Cann Brothers and Kinding Incorporated","Hughes and Muller Tailoring","Mann and Dilks","Buckeye Shirt Company","Gene-Vall Cigar Company, Incorporated","Jung Arch Brace Company","Rand McNally and Company","H. W. Fisher and Company","J.E. Caldwell \u0026 Co","Waltham Watch Company","Wall and Ochs","Bonschur and Holmes","Franklin Simon \u0026 Co","Boué Soeurs","Grande Maison de Blanc","Faultless Manufacturing Company","George L. Starks and Company","National Association of Retail Clothiers and Furnishers","New Process Company","John Morrell \u0026 Co","Pathéscope (Firm)","Bell \u0026 Howell Co","Montana State Prison","Unexcelled Manufacturing Company","Ritz-Carlton Hotels (Firm)","Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers (U.S.)","United States. Post Office Department","National Horse Show Association of America","United States Lines Company","Social Register Association (U.S.)","Du Pont Bridge Club","G. Schirmer, Inc","Kny-Scheerer Company","Robinson Electric Manufacturing Company","Westchester Country Club (Rye, N.Y.)","Bankers Club of America","Beaver Lake Club","Congressional Country Club","Winchester Repeating Arms Company","Remington Arms Company","National Rifle Association of America","Jonas Bros. Taxidermy","Brunswick-Balke-Collender Company","A.G. Spalding \u0026 Bros","Abercrombie \u0026 Fitch","Graybar Electric Company inc","Pinkerton's National Detective Agency","League of Nations","United States Naval Academy","Delaware Automobile Association","International Harvester Company","Foss-Hughes Company","Rushmore Dynamo Works","Ford Motor Company","New York Edison Company","E. Rosenfeld and Company","Miniature Breaker Company","Packard Motor Car Company","Rolls-Royce of America","New York (State). Bureau of Motor Vehicles","Fortune Magazine","Toppan Boat Manufacturing Company","Shelton Electric Company","General Electric Company","Consilidated Gas and Gasoline Engine Company","Automatic Electrical Devices Company","New York Yacht Club","Lloyd's Register of British and Foreign Shipping (Firm)","Schenck and Schenck Insurance Agents and Brokers","United States. Hydrographic Office","Cox and Stevens","New London Ship and Engine Company","Wilmington Sunday Star","Western Pump Company","American Car and Foundry Company","Kelvinator","William J. Highfield General Insurance","Fire Association of Philadelphia","Marine Basin Company","Scott \u0026 Fowles (Firm)","Marine Construction Company","Yorktown Yacht Club","Consolidated Shipbuilding Corporation","Cooper-Bessemer Corporation","Henry J. Gielow, Incorporated","Mathis Yacht Building Company","Earl H. Croft, Incorporated","Broward County Port Authority","Keil Motor Company","Huckins Yacht Corporation","The Universal Horticultural Establishment, Incorporated","Winslow Bros. Company","Booth, Garrett and Blair","Otis Elevator Company","J.L. Mott Iron Works","Wilmington (Del.). Water Department","The Spur","James Boyd and Brothers","Ajax Fire Engine Works","Saks \u0026 Company (New York, N.Y.)","Remington Machine Company","Polar Water Still Company","Vacuum Engineering Company","Spencer Turbine Cleaner Company","Diamond Ice and Coal Company","Huyler's (Firm)","Robinson and Payne","Pitt and Scott","Armstrong Seatag Corporation","J. L. Kraft and Brothers Company","G. Washington Coffee Refining Company","James Rowland and Company","C. V. Floyd Fruit Company","Henry R. Hallowell and Son","Belle Meade Farm","Hearn Brothers","Mouquin, incorporated","Walter Hawkins Fruit","Maerose Fruit Corporation of Texas","Chappel Brothers Incorporated","Magasins du Louvre","E. Gimpel and Wildenstein","Steinway \u0026 Sons","W. \u0026 J. Sloane","E.F. Hodgson Co","Tiffany and Company","Theodore B. Starr","George F. Barnes, Incorporated","Gilman Collamore and Company","William T. Stuart, Incorporated","Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.)","Museum of Fine Arts, Boston","Seth Thomas Clock Company","Litchfield and Company","Aero Service Corporation","Rau Studios, Incorporated","Lewis \u0026 Conger","Samuel Kirk and Son","Davis Collamore and Company","Edmondson Warrin","Universal Appraisal Company","C. J. Benson and Company, Incorporated","S. P. Sulo Furniture Company","Bryant and Heffernan, Incorporated","Port Clinton Fish Company","Henry F. Michell Co","William H. Moon Company","Pierson U-Bar Company","Hitchings \u0026 Co","Wadley and Smythe","Skinner Irrigation Company","Ideal Power Lawn Mower Company","Coldwell Lawn Mower Company","Philadelphia Lawn Mower Company","Campbell Irrigation Company","John Polachek Bronze and Iron Works Company","Glen Brothers, Incorporated","Munson Whitaker Company","United States. Bureau of Forestry","Du Pont Gun Club","B. Ridgway and Son","Architectural Decorating Company","Johnson Service Company","Frigidaire Corporation","Tirrill Gas Machine Lighting Company","Manning Manufacturing Company","Oliver Oil Gas Burner and Machine Company","George W. McCaulley and Son Company","American Ironing Machine Co","Geyser Electric Washing Machine Company","Savage firearms","Church Art Work Company","Aladdin Company","Permutit Company","Smyth Construction Company","E. T. Burrowes","Wolfe and Adams","The Master Company","Bliss Exterminator Company","Verm-O-Spray","United Cork Flooring Company","Loomis-Manning Filter Distributing Company","Russell and Erwin Manufacturing Company","Blue Ball Farm (Wilmington, DE)","Andover Ambulance Corps.","Ward, Gray, and Neary","Young Men's Christian Association (Wilmington, De.)","Cambridge Maternity Hospital","National Organization for Public Health Nursing (U.S.)","St. John's Rectory (Milford, DE)","University of Delaware","Staunton Military Academy","Wharton Grove Camp Ground","College of William \u0026 Mary","Kent General Hospital (Dover, DE)","Cathedral School of St. John the Divine","American Association for Old Age Security","Delaware Old Age Welfare Commission","Delaware Old Age Pension Fund","Delaware. Department of Public Instruction","Alfred I. Du Pont School (Talleyville, DE)","Delaware. State Board of Education","Industrial Trust Company","Delaware State Aid Society","Robert E. 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