{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1863\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026page=20","prev":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1863\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026page=19","next":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1863\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026page=21","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1863\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026page=280"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":20,"next_page":21,"prev_page":19,"total_pages":280,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":190,"total_count":2798,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_3355","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Beard Papers","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_3355#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003ePapers (including correspondence) of Eva V. 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Beard's account book, 1834-1865, listing coffins made; and an order for exchange of Civil War prisoners at Richmond."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T11:42:14.909Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_3355"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1891","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Bear Family Papers","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1891#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Bear family (Augusta County, Va.)","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1891#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This collection consists of diaries, books, and letters of various members of the Bear family of Churchville, Augusta County, Virginia. It includes a diary written in 1862 by Harvey Bear describing the war activity around him and his service as a wagon teamster for the Confederate Army during the American Civil War. Also includes two diaries written in 1878-1879 by Harvey's son George, an 1863 general order for Stonewall Jackson's Second Army Corp of the Army of Northern Virginia, and an 1849 letter from a member of the Virginia House of Delegates to Harvey Bear about a vote on resolutions regarding enslaved people.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1891#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1891","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1891","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1891","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1891","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1891.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Bear Family Papers","title_ssm":["Bear Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Bear Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1823-1879"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1823-1879"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1992.010"],"text":["Ms.1992.010","Bear Family Papers","Civil War","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Diaries","The collection is open for research.","This collection has been digitized and is available online.","The Bear Family was a Churchville, Augusta County, Virginia family. The collection includes written material from Harvey Bear and his son, George. There are also references to Harvey Bear's neighbor, Jedediah Hotchkiss, a noted cartographer who served as Thomas J.\"Stonewall\" Jackson's topographer.","The guide to the Bear Family Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Bear Family Papers was completed in or prior to October 2002.","The Bear Family Papers consist of diaries, books, and letters of various members of the Bear family. There is the 1862 diary of Harvey Bear, who although not a soldier in the American Civil War at that time, describes the war activity around him and his service as a wagon teamster for the Confederate Army. Harvey refers to his neighbor, Jedediah Hotchkiss, who served as Thomas J.\"Stonewall\" Jackson's topographer. The papers also include two diaries written in 1878-1879 by Harvey's son George, a manuscript general order written in March 1863 for Stonewall Jackson's Second Army Corp of the Army of Northern Virginia, and a letter written in February 1849 from a member of the Virginia House of Delegates to Harvey Bear about a vote on resolutions regarding enslaved people.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This collection consists of diaries, books, and letters of various members of the Bear family of Churchville, Augusta County, Virginia. It includes a diary written in 1862 by Harvey Bear describing the war activity around him and his service as a wagon teamster for the Confederate Army during the American Civil War. Also includes two diaries written in 1878-1879 by Harvey's son George, an 1863 general order for Stonewall Jackson's Second Army Corp of the Army of Northern Virginia, and an 1849 letter from a member of the Virginia House of Delegates to Harvey Bear about a vote on resolutions regarding enslaved people.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Bear family (Augusta County, Va.)","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1992.010"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Bear Family Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Bear Family Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Bear Family Papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Bear family (Augusta County, Va.)"],"creator_ssim":["Bear family (Augusta County, Va.)"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Bear family (Augusta County, Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["Bear family (Augusta County, Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Bear Family Papers were purchased by Special Collections in 1992."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Civil War","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Diaries"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Civil War","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Diaries"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"date_range_isim":[1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/collections/show/285\"\u003eThis collection has been digitized and is available online.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["This collection has been digitized and is available online."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Bear Family was a Churchville, Augusta County, Virginia family. The collection includes written material from Harvey Bear and his son, George. There are also references to Harvey Bear's neighbor, Jedediah Hotchkiss, a noted cartographer who served as Thomas J.\"Stonewall\" Jackson's topographer.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Family Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Bear Family was a Churchville, Augusta County, Virginia family. The collection includes written material from Harvey Bear and his son, George. There are also references to Harvey Bear's neighbor, Jedediah Hotchkiss, a noted cartographer who served as Thomas J.\"Stonewall\" Jackson's topographer."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Bear Family Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Bear Family Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Bear Family Papers, Ms1992-010, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Bear Family Papers, Ms1992-010, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Bear Family Papers was completed in or prior to October 2002.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Bear Family Papers was completed in or prior to October 2002."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Bear Family Papers consist of diaries, books, and letters of various members of the Bear family. There is the 1862 diary of Harvey Bear, who although not a soldier in the American Civil War at that time, describes the war activity around him and his service as a wagon teamster for the Confederate Army. Harvey refers to his neighbor, Jedediah Hotchkiss, who served as Thomas J.\"Stonewall\" Jackson's topographer. The papers also include two diaries written in 1878-1879 by Harvey's son George, a manuscript general order written in March 1863 for Stonewall Jackson's Second Army Corp of the Army of Northern Virginia, and a letter written in February 1849 from a member of the Virginia House of Delegates to Harvey Bear about a vote on resolutions regarding enslaved people.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Bear Family Papers consist of diaries, books, and letters of various members of the Bear family. There is the 1862 diary of Harvey Bear, who although not a soldier in the American Civil War at that time, describes the war activity around him and his service as a wagon teamster for the Confederate Army. Harvey refers to his neighbor, Jedediah Hotchkiss, who served as Thomas J.\"Stonewall\" Jackson's topographer. The papers also include two diaries written in 1878-1879 by Harvey's son George, a manuscript general order written in March 1863 for Stonewall Jackson's Second Army Corp of the Army of Northern Virginia, and a letter written in February 1849 from a member of the Virginia House of Delegates to Harvey Bear about a vote on resolutions regarding enslaved people."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_3502b734837c849ce32594cef5e0eec4\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection consists of diaries, books, and letters of various members of the Bear family of Churchville, Augusta County, Virginia. It includes a diary written in 1862 by Harvey Bear describing the war activity around him and his service as a wagon teamster for the Confederate Army during the American Civil War. Also includes two diaries written in 1878-1879 by Harvey's son George, an 1863 general order for Stonewall Jackson's Second Army Corp of the Army of Northern Virginia, and an 1849 letter from a member of the Virginia House of Delegates to Harvey Bear about a vote on resolutions regarding enslaved people.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection consists of diaries, books, and letters of various members of the Bear family of Churchville, Augusta County, Virginia. It includes a diary written in 1862 by Harvey Bear describing the war activity around him and his service as a wagon teamster for the Confederate Army during the American Civil War. Also includes two diaries written in 1878-1879 by Harvey's son George, an 1863 general order for Stonewall Jackson's Second Army Corp of the Army of Northern Virginia, and an 1849 letter from a member of the Virginia House of Delegates to Harvey Bear about a vote on resolutions regarding enslaved people."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Bear family (Augusta County, Va.)"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"famname_ssim":["Bear family (Augusta County, Va.)"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:04:16.326Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1891","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1891","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1891","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1891","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1891.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Bear Family Papers","title_ssm":["Bear Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Bear Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1823-1879"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1823-1879"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1992.010"],"text":["Ms.1992.010","Bear Family Papers","Civil War","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Diaries","The collection is open for research.","This collection has been digitized and is available online.","The Bear Family was a Churchville, Augusta County, Virginia family. The collection includes written material from Harvey Bear and his son, George. There are also references to Harvey Bear's neighbor, Jedediah Hotchkiss, a noted cartographer who served as Thomas J.\"Stonewall\" Jackson's topographer.","The guide to the Bear Family Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Bear Family Papers was completed in or prior to October 2002.","The Bear Family Papers consist of diaries, books, and letters of various members of the Bear family. There is the 1862 diary of Harvey Bear, who although not a soldier in the American Civil War at that time, describes the war activity around him and his service as a wagon teamster for the Confederate Army. Harvey refers to his neighbor, Jedediah Hotchkiss, who served as Thomas J.\"Stonewall\" Jackson's topographer. The papers also include two diaries written in 1878-1879 by Harvey's son George, a manuscript general order written in March 1863 for Stonewall Jackson's Second Army Corp of the Army of Northern Virginia, and a letter written in February 1849 from a member of the Virginia House of Delegates to Harvey Bear about a vote on resolutions regarding enslaved people.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This collection consists of diaries, books, and letters of various members of the Bear family of Churchville, Augusta County, Virginia. It includes a diary written in 1862 by Harvey Bear describing the war activity around him and his service as a wagon teamster for the Confederate Army during the American Civil War. 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Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Bear Family Papers were purchased by Special Collections in 1992."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Civil War","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Diaries"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Civil War","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Diaries"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"date_range_isim":[1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/collections/show/285\"\u003eThis collection has been digitized and is available online.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["This collection has been digitized and is available online."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Bear Family was a Churchville, Augusta County, Virginia family. The collection includes written material from Harvey Bear and his son, George. There are also references to Harvey Bear's neighbor, Jedediah Hotchkiss, a noted cartographer who served as Thomas J.\"Stonewall\" Jackson's topographer.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Family Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Bear Family was a Churchville, Augusta County, Virginia family. The collection includes written material from Harvey Bear and his son, George. There are also references to Harvey Bear's neighbor, Jedediah Hotchkiss, a noted cartographer who served as Thomas J.\"Stonewall\" Jackson's topographer."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Bear Family Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Bear Family Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Bear Family Papers, Ms1992-010, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Bear Family Papers, Ms1992-010, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Bear Family Papers was completed in or prior to October 2002.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Bear Family Papers was completed in or prior to October 2002."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Bear Family Papers consist of diaries, books, and letters of various members of the Bear family. There is the 1862 diary of Harvey Bear, who although not a soldier in the American Civil War at that time, describes the war activity around him and his service as a wagon teamster for the Confederate Army. Harvey refers to his neighbor, Jedediah Hotchkiss, who served as Thomas J.\"Stonewall\" Jackson's topographer. The papers also include two diaries written in 1878-1879 by Harvey's son George, a manuscript general order written in March 1863 for Stonewall Jackson's Second Army Corp of the Army of Northern Virginia, and a letter written in February 1849 from a member of the Virginia House of Delegates to Harvey Bear about a vote on resolutions regarding enslaved people.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Bear Family Papers consist of diaries, books, and letters of various members of the Bear family. There is the 1862 diary of Harvey Bear, who although not a soldier in the American Civil War at that time, describes the war activity around him and his service as a wagon teamster for the Confederate Army. Harvey refers to his neighbor, Jedediah Hotchkiss, who served as Thomas J.\"Stonewall\" Jackson's topographer. The papers also include two diaries written in 1878-1879 by Harvey's son George, a manuscript general order written in March 1863 for Stonewall Jackson's Second Army Corp of the Army of Northern Virginia, and a letter written in February 1849 from a member of the Virginia House of Delegates to Harvey Bear about a vote on resolutions regarding enslaved people."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_3502b734837c849ce32594cef5e0eec4\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection consists of diaries, books, and letters of various members of the Bear family of Churchville, Augusta County, Virginia. It includes a diary written in 1862 by Harvey Bear describing the war activity around him and his service as a wagon teamster for the Confederate Army during the American Civil War. Also includes two diaries written in 1878-1879 by Harvey's son George, an 1863 general order for Stonewall Jackson's Second Army Corp of the Army of Northern Virginia, and an 1849 letter from a member of the Virginia House of Delegates to Harvey Bear about a vote on resolutions regarding enslaved people.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection consists of diaries, books, and letters of various members of the Bear family of Churchville, Augusta County, Virginia. It includes a diary written in 1862 by Harvey Bear describing the war activity around him and his service as a wagon teamster for the Confederate Army during the American Civil War. Also includes two diaries written in 1878-1879 by Harvey's son George, an 1863 general order for Stonewall Jackson's Second Army Corp of the Army of Northern Virginia, and an 1849 letter from a member of the Virginia House of Delegates to Harvey Bear about a vote on resolutions regarding enslaved people."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Bear family (Augusta County, Va.)"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"famname_ssim":["Bear family (Augusta County, Va.)"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:04:16.326Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1891"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_7279","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Beauregard Furnace Journals","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_7279#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eAccount books of Beauregard Furnace located in Wythe County, Va. which was under contract to supply pig iron to Tredegar Iron Works during the American Civil War.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_7279#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_7279","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_7279","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_7279","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_7279","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_7279.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Beauregard Furnace Journals","title_ssm":["Beauregard Furnace Journals"],"title_tesim":["Beauregard Furnace Journals"],"unitdate_ssm":["1861-1865"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1861-1865"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss. MsV Afu1-MsV Afu2","/repositories/2/resources/7279"],"text":["Mss. MsV Afu1-MsV Afu2","/repositories/2/resources/7279","Beauregard Furnace Journals","Wythe County (Va.)--History--19th century","Iron and steel industry--United States--History--19th century","Iron industry and trade--Virginia","United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865","Account books","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Account books of Beauregard Furnace located in Wythe County, Va. which was under contract to supply pig iron to Tredegar Iron Works during the American Civil War.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","English"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss. MsV Afu1-MsV Afu2","/repositories/2/resources/7279"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Beauregard Furnace Journals"],"collection_title_tesim":["Beauregard Furnace Journals"],"collection_ssim":["Beauregard Furnace Journals"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"geogname_ssm":["Wythe County (Va.)--History--19th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Wythe County (Va.)--History--19th century"],"places_ssim":["Wythe County (Va.)--History--19th century"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Iron and steel industry--United States--History--19th century","Iron industry and trade--Virginia","United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865","Account books"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Iron and steel industry--United States--History--19th century","Iron industry and trade--Virginia","United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865","Account books"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2.00 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["2.00 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Account books"],"date_range_isim":[1861,1862,1863,1864,1865],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBeauregard Furnace Journals, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Beauregard Furnace Journals, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAccount books of Beauregard Furnace located in Wythe County, Va. which was under contract to supply pig iron to Tredegar Iron Works during the American Civil War.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Account books of Beauregard Furnace located in Wythe County, Va. which was under contract to supply pig iron to Tredegar Iron Works during the American Civil War."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T07:05:18.446Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_7279","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_7279","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_7279","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_7279","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_7279.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Beauregard Furnace Journals","title_ssm":["Beauregard Furnace Journals"],"title_tesim":["Beauregard Furnace Journals"],"unitdate_ssm":["1861-1865"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1861-1865"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss. MsV Afu1-MsV Afu2","/repositories/2/resources/7279"],"text":["Mss. MsV Afu1-MsV Afu2","/repositories/2/resources/7279","Beauregard Furnace Journals","Wythe County (Va.)--History--19th century","Iron and steel industry--United States--History--19th century","Iron industry and trade--Virginia","United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865","Account books","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Account books of Beauregard Furnace located in Wythe County, Va. which was under contract to supply pig iron to Tredegar Iron Works during the American Civil War.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","English"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss. MsV Afu1-MsV Afu2","/repositories/2/resources/7279"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Beauregard Furnace Journals"],"collection_title_tesim":["Beauregard Furnace Journals"],"collection_ssim":["Beauregard Furnace Journals"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"geogname_ssm":["Wythe County (Va.)--History--19th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Wythe County (Va.)--History--19th century"],"places_ssim":["Wythe County (Va.)--History--19th century"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Iron and steel industry--United States--History--19th century","Iron industry and trade--Virginia","United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865","Account books"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Iron and steel industry--United States--History--19th century","Iron industry and trade--Virginia","United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865","Account books"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2.00 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["2.00 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Account books"],"date_range_isim":[1861,1862,1863,1864,1865],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBeauregard Furnace Journals, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Beauregard Furnace Journals, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAccount books of Beauregard Furnace located in Wythe County, Va. which was under contract to supply pig iron to Tredegar Iron Works during the American Civil War.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Account books of Beauregard Furnace located in Wythe County, Va. which was under contract to supply pig iron to Tredegar Iron Works during the American Civil War."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T07:05:18.446Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_7279"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2361","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Bell, Kent, Cloyd, Withrow Family Collection","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2361#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Withrow family","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2361#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Bell, Kent, Cloyd, Withrow Family Collection contains the personal papers and financial records of members of four prominent families. Included are members of the Bell, Kent, Cloyd, and Withrow families, as well as, materials from related families and acquaintances. This is a diverse collection containing materials dating from 1780 to 1998. Items of interest include several Land Deeds and Warrant from the late 18th Century, including one signed by Benjamin Harrison, then Governor of Virginia; American Civil War correspondence from Confederate POW, Edgar Withrow; Regimental listings from the 19th Brigade of the Virginia Militia; and correspondence and military documents dating from World War II. The main collection contains materials from Gen. Gordon Cloyd, James Randal Kent, David Fenton Kent, Gordon Cloyd Bell Sr., David Kent Bell, James and Edgar Withrow, and many others.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2361#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2361","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2361","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2361","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2361","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2361.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Bell, Kent, Cloyd, Withrow Family Collection","title_ssm":["Bell, Kent, Cloyd, Withrow Family Collection"],"title_tesim":["Bell, Kent, Cloyd, Withrow Family Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1780-1998"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1780-1998"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2008.040"],"text":["Ms.2008.040","Bell, Kent, Cloyd, Withrow Family Collection","Montgomery County (Va.)","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Women -- History","The collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged into series corresponding to the creators. Each series arranged by type of material and then placed in chronological order. ","Series I: Gordon Cloyd Bell, Sr. Papers, 1917-1962\t\t\t\t","Series II: Edgar Withrow Bell Papers, 1919-1970\t","Series III: Gordon Cloyd Bell, Jr. Papers, 1921-1967\t","Series IV: David Kent Bell Papers, 1925-1978\t","Series V: Bell Family Papers, 1834-1841\t","Series VI: James Withrow Papers, 1848-1910","Series VII: Edgar D. Withrow Papers, 1864-1936","Series VIII: Annie Withrow Papers, 1889-1981","Series IX: Withrow Family Papers, 1870-1941","Series X: Kent Family Papers, 1814-1881","Series XI: Cloyd Family Papers, 1792-1866","Series XII: Other Family Papers, 1780-1998","Series XIII: Other Materials, 1901-1997","Gen. Gordon Cloyd was a descendant of David Cloyd. In 1764, Indians attacked the homestead of David Cloyd in Rockbridge County, Virginia. His wife, Margaret, was killed, as well as his son, John. Another son, Joseph Cloyd was away from the house at the time of the attack and was thus spared. David Cloyd passed away in 1792; Joseph Cloyd bought land and settled in Back Creek in present day Pulaski County in 1773. During the American Revolution, Joseph Cloyd served under Col. William Preston of Montgomery County. He is credited with saving Col. Preston's life when Preston was thrown from his horse during a skirmish at Wetzell's Mill in North Carolina. Following the war, Joseph Cloyd bought up more land in Pulaski County and built a brick house on Back Creek. ","Joseph Cloyd married Mary Gordon and together they had three sons, Gordon, David, and Thomas. Gordon and David married two sisters, Sallie and Elizabeth McGavock. The McGavock sisters were the daughters of James McGavock and Mary Cloyd, Joseph Cloyd's sister. James and Mary McGavock also had a third daughter, Margaret, who married Joseph Kent.","David Cloyd and Sallie McGavock had five children: Margaret, Joseph, Gordon, Cynthia, and James McGavock. James McGavock Cloyd married Frances E. McNutt on November 5, 1853, together they had on child, David, in January of 1855. Frances died on December 21, 1858. James then married Harriet J. Ernest on January 10, 1861. They had four children: Fanny Ernest, Lucy McGavock, Sally, and Harriet Gordon. James Cloyd lived at the homestead on Back Creek in Pulaski County that was originally settled by Col. Joseph Cloyd.","Gordon Cloyd commanded the 19th Brigade of the Virginia Militia during the War of 1812; he was later promoted to Major-General and thereafter was known as General Cloyd. He later served as a land surveyor for the Montgomery County area, and together with his brothers, purchased a tract of land along the New River know as Buchanan's Bottom. Gen. Gordon Cloyd and Elizabeth McGavock Cloyd together had six children, only two daughters, Mary and Elizabeth Cloyd survived. The two sisters married two brothers, James Randal and David Fenton Kent. David and James were the sons of Joseph Kent and Margaret McGavock Kent. Gordon Cloyd left the Buchanan's Bottom land to his daughter, Mary, and her husband, James Randal Kent. Elizabeth Kent and David Fenton Kent received the land at Back Creek and the house known as Springfield.","David Fenton Kent and Elizabeth Cloyd were married on January 2, 1834. Together they had seven children: Gordon Cloyd, born December 7, 1834, died November 11, 1837; an unnamed son, April 23, 1836 who lived eight days; Mary Elizabeth, born May 17, 1837, died December 14, 1837; James Randal, born August 15, 1838, died September 4, 1861; Sarah McGavock, born November 5, 1839, died March 9, 1891; Joseph Gordon, born March 22, 1841, died July 15, 1886; David Fenton, born May 17, 1844, died October 18, 1878. David F. Kent lived at the Springfield property and ran businesses with a Thomas Miller. He was reputed to have been an entertaining storyteller. David Fenton Kent died on January 28, 1850. Elizabeth Cloyd Kent outlived him by nineteen years, dying February 7, 1869.","James Randal Kent and Mary Cloyd Kent moved to Buchanan's Bottom and lived at first in the old Trigg house. Later, they built Kentland mansion, which stands to this day. Together James and Mary had five daughters, Elizabeth Cloyd, born 1819, Sarah James, born 1822, Mary Louisa, born 1824, Cynthia, born 1827, and Margaret Gordon, born 1840. James Randal Kent was an enslaver, prominent landowner, and successful farmer. He also held several minor public offices including Sheriff of Montgomery County from 1822 to 1823, he also served as a Justice and a land surveyor. Throughout the 1830s and 1840s, James Randal Kent bought up land, he owned around 8000 acres in 1860. In 1855, construction began on a resort at Montgomery White Sulphur Springs, a hotel that later served as a hospital during the American Civil War. In 1860, James Randal Kent became a founder of the Preston and Olin Institute, a Methodist school in Blacksburg that was the predecessor to present day Virginia Tech. He was among the wealthiest men in Montgomery County with an estimated wealth of $196,000. Kent was a staunch supporter of the Confederacy, he enslaved more than 100 people at the start of the war. He served as an organizer for the Confederate Army, as well as a supplier of foodstuffs, providing grain and beef to the Confederate Army all the way up to the day Lee surrendered at Appomattox. Though Kentland survived the war, many barns and out-buildings were burned, including the plantation office with the majority of James Kent's personal papers, and in 1867 his land was valued at 41% less than it had been in 1860. James Randal Kent died on May 29, 1867. ","Sarah James Kent, daughter of James Randal Kent, married Francis Bell, a cattle buyer from Staunton, in 1855. Together Sarah and Francis had four surviving children: twin sons, James Randal Kent Bell and Samuel Hays Bell in 1858, a daughter, Mary Louisa Bell in 1861, and Francis \"Frank\" Bell in 1864. They built a home on the land in Pulaski given to Sarah by her father. They lived at Mountain Home until the mid-1870s, when in 1872 Francis Bell purchased land from the Darsts and the Cloyds, their new home, Rockwood, was built c. 1876.","The four Bell children were well educated and all attended college for some period of time. Public schools were non-existent at this time, so a governess, Mary Eliza Sedgewick taught them while they lived at Mountain Home. James Randal Kent and Samuel Hays Bell both attended Washington College in Lexington from 1875 to 1877. Mary Louisa Bell went to Mary Baldwin College in Staunton. Frank Bell attended the Virginia Polytechnic Institute before transferring to the Virginia Military Institute and graduating with the class of 1885.","Sarah James Kent Bell died in April of 1884; Francis Bell followed her nine years later in 1893. In their will, all their land and properties were to be divided by the four children as they saw fit. James Randal Kent Bell received the Mountain Home properties, Samuel inherited the land in Augusta County, and Rockwood was split between Frank Bell and Mary Louisa Bell.","James Randal Kent Bell married three times. His first wife was Maria L. Sedgwick, the daughter of their governess, Mary Eliza Sedgewick, Maria died shortly after the birth of their daughter, Mary Peck Bell. His second wife was Lida Howell Whitsett, Lida died in January of 1902. Together they had five children, Amelia Louise, Elizabeth Kent, Sarah Frances, James, and Francis Joseph. The name of James R. K. Bell's third wife is unknown. All of his children were born at Mountain Home and grew up there.","Samuel Hays Bell married Bessie Arbuthnot on May 18, 1893. Together they had four daughters, Sarah James, Elizabeth, Mary Lou, and Margaret. They lived in Staunton on the land inherited from Francis Bell. Samuel Bell died in Staunton on June 26, 1903.","Mary Louisa Bell married Dr. Kent Black at Rockwood November 14, 1894. Dr. Black graduated from the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College in 1875, he worked as physician and surgeon at the school until 1890. Dr. Black died in 1909, following his death Mary Louisa Bell Black moved back to Pulaski to live with her family, she died at Rockwood December 12, 1943.","Frank Bell married Ellen Gordan Kent, the granddaughter of David Fenton Kent, in 1889. They had eight children: Sarah Kent Bell born September 28, 1890, Gordon Cloyd Bell born January 16, 1892, Ellen Howe Bell born February 12, 1893, Francis Bell born August 16, 1894, Mary Lou Bell born July 1, 1896, Elizabeth Cloyd Bell born September 7, 1897, Samuel Hays Bell born May 16, 1901, and Agnes McGavock Bell born September 1, 1905. Frank Bell worked in the cattle business just like his father and grandfather, he was an accomplished business man and over the years he bought up the rest of the Rockwood property from his sister, Mary Louisa Bell Black. He died at Rockwood on December 21, 1939, just a few months after the celebration of his fiftieth wedding anniversary.","Frank Bell's son, Gordon Cloyd Bell married Mary Eliza Withrow on November 16, 1918. They had four sons, Edgar Withrow Bell, Gordon Cloyd Bell Jr., David Kent Bell, and Andrew Mathews Bell. Gordon Bell Sr. was a farmer and overseer of farm lands, he also served as the President of the Bank of Dublin. Mary Withrow Bell died September 30, 1938. Gordon Cloyd Sr. then married Lucy Preston King in October of 1942, they lived for a time in Phoenix, Arizona where Gordon Cloyd Bell Sr. died in 1965.","Edgar Withrow Bell, the eldest son of Gordon Cloyd and Mary Withrow Bell was born on October 27, 1919. He grew up in Dublin and attended Lees-McCrea College in North Carolina. He wrote articles about music trends and opened \"The Record Bar\" at Wysor Electric Appliance Co. in Dublin. He also served as a postal worker in Arlington where he died in November of 1971.","Gordon Cloyd Bell Jr. was born in Dublin on May 13, 1921. He was a farmer and overseer of the Withrow and Bell lands in Pulaski County, VA. He also served on the board of the Bank of Dublin. He attended the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and Furman College before entering the armed services in January of 1943 and served with the Black Panther Division during World War II. Gordon Cloyd Bell Jr. died from a self-inflicted gunshot wound in September of 1967.","David Kent Bell was born in Dublin on April 5, 1925. David attended the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and graduated with the Class of 1949. He also served in the armed services during World War II. He married Beverly Ann Gould from Baltimore, together they had two children: Sheri Lynn Bell born April 30, 1957 and James Gordon Bell born March 3, 1959. David Kent and Beverly Gould divorced and he married Helga Lewandowski. David Kent Bell died January 26, 2003.","Andrew Mathews Bell was born in Dublin on July 14, 1932. He died October 26, 1948.","Ellen Howe Bell was born February 12, 1893. She attended Mary Baldwin College. Ellen married Orrin Rankin Magill on September 30, 1915. Through the National YMCA, they moved to China where they lived for many years. Upon retiring, they moved to Blacksburg where they often entertained Chinese students attending Virginia Tech. Ellen Howe Bell Magill was elected the 1962 Mother of the Year in Blacksburg. She died January 19, 1968.","In 1918, Gordon Cloyd Bell married Mary Eliza Withrow. She was the granddaughter of James W. Withrow of Greenbrier County. James Withrow was born in Lewisburg, in what is now West Virginia, on October 23, 1818. Though not a licensed attorney he served as a judge and for many years, the Master Commissioner of the Circuit Court. He also represented the county in the state legislature where he served on the Judiciary Committee. He married Mary Jane Kincaid and had two sons, Edgar Daingerfield Withrow and Heber K. Withrow, and three daughters, Mrs. Helen Feamster, Miss Mary J. Withrow, and Mrs. Lucy Withrow Montgomery. James Withrow died June 26, 1901.","Edgar Daingerfield Withrow was born December 9, 1845. He married Mary See Renick on November 3, 1886. Edgar served in the Civil War as a member of Confederate company E of the 14th Virginia Cavalry. Edgar was captured at Berryville in 1864 and spent the end of the war at Camp Chare in Ohio. Following the War, Edgar went into business with his father, and later ran his own business selling agricultural implements. Together with Mary Renick, he had six daughters and one son: Mary Mathews Withrow, born September 16, 1887, died October 3, 1892; Annie Primrose Withrow, born January 26, 1889, died June 16, 1982; Mary Eliza Withrow, born November 29, 1892, died September 29, 1938; Helen Cameron Withrow, born January 9, 1895, died July 25, 1903; Letitia Renick Withrow, born July 1, 1897, died December 24, 1922; Geraldine Withrow, born August 1, 1901, died July 8, 1902; Edgar D. Withrow Jr., born July 8, 1903, died October 2, 1913. The Withrows moved to Pulaski County sometime around 1910. Edgar Withrow died March 9, 1926 and Mary Renick Withrow died January 7, 1929. ","Annie P. Withrow never married. She was very close with her nephews, Edgar, Gordon, David and Andrew Bell, and much of their correspondence was written to her. She attended the Lewisburg Female Institute beginning in 1907. Annie Withrow died in June of 1982.","Letitia R. Withrow was born July 1, 1897. She moved with her family to Dublin and graduated from Dublin High School. She then attended Stonewall Jackson College in Abingdon until the school burned in 1914. She then entered Hollins College in Roanoke, VA, following graduation she became a special student of voice under Professor A. Y. Cornell of New York for two years. In 1919, she took a job as Assistant Voice Teacher at Greenville Women's College in Greenville, South Carolina. She taught there for two years, and one year at Annville College in Annville, Pennsylvania. She left Annville College to return to New York in order to resume her training with Professor Cornell in preparation for a singing career. Shortly thereafter she returned home, where she died from influenza on December 24, 1922.","The guide to the the Bell, Kent, Cloyd, Withrow Family Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Bell, Kent, Cloyd, Withrow Family Collection began in June 2008 and was completed in October 2008.","A listing of individuals and families in the Biographical Vertical Files at Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives is available online,  but files of particular interest may include:","Bentley family (related to the Cloyd, Kent, and McGavock families)--this file contains a 2014 update to: Robert Gray's  The McGavock Family. A Genealogical History of James McGavock and His Descendants from 1760 to 1903 . Richmond: W.E. Jones, 1903. CS 71 .M144 1903 (copies in Special Collections and University Archives and Newman Library).  The 2014 update is also available online. Kent","See the following materials related to these families, which are also at Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives:","Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers, Ms1974-003","James Randal Kent Papers, Ms1987-031","Elizabeth Kent Adams Papers, Ms1990-045","\"Whitethorne Photographs of Kentland for Margaret K. Cowan\" Photograph Album, Ms2021-020","Francis Bell Letter, Ms2024-088","The Bell, Kent, Cloyd, Withrow Family Collection spans the dates 1780 to 1998. The collection contains the papers and business records of four prominent families from Montgomery County and Pulaski County, Virginia and Greenbrier County, West Virginia. Also included are documents relating to numerous other individuals and families from across Southwest Virginia and Southern West Virginia. Documents include correspondence, land deeds and warrants, as well as financial records including debt statements, receipts, account statements, and money orders. The collection is divided into thirteen major series: Gordon Cloyd Bell Sr. Papers, Edgar Withrow Bell Papers, Gordon Cloyd Bell Jr. Papers, David Kent Bell Papers, Bell Family Papers, James Withrow Papers, Edgar D. Withrow Papers, Annie P. Withrow Papers, Withrow Family Papers, Kent Family Papers, Cloyd Family Papers, Other Family Papers, and Other Materials. ","Series I: Gordon Cloyd Bell Sr. Papers: This series spans the years 1917 to 1962 and includes personal correspondence to and from Gordon Cloyd Bell Sr. as well as business correspondence and materials from Bell's time as the President of the Bank of Dublin in Dublin, VA. The series also contains bank statements from 1940 to 1941.","Series II: Edgar Withrow Bell Papers: This series contains materials dating from 1919 to 1970, including a birth certificate for Edgar W. Bell. The papers are mainly personal in nature. There is extensive correspondence, dating from 1934 to 1970 as well as a scrapbook and some newspaper clippings. There is a limited amount of Edgar Bell's financial records including bank statements dating from 1942 to 1945.","Series III: Gordon Cloyd Bell Jr. Papers: these papers date from 1921 to 1967. These papers include a birth certificate and academic records, as well as, land deeds, tax documents, and financial records. Also included are materials from Gordon Bell Jr.'s time in the military including correspondence from the time of his service in World War II. World War II materials also include a \"Save Conduct Leaflet.\" These leaflets were air dropped in Western Europe by Allied forces in order to aid in the surrender of German Soldiers, the leaflet in this collection was most likely the version distributed from December 1944 through April 1945, it contains both English and German text.","Series IV: David Kent Bell Papers: These papers date from 1925 to 1978. They range in scope from David Bell's birth certificate and education records to financial records and insurance documents. Also included is correspondence, some of which dates from David Bell's service in World War II. Also from this period are military documents dating from 1943 to 1948.","Series V: Bell Family Papers: This series is composed for documents from various members of the Bell family including James Bell, Mary Withrow Bell, Andrew Bell, Francis Bell, and Ellen Howe Bell Magill. These items range in date from 1834 to 1967. They include financial records for James Bell, along with correspondence from Mary Withrow Bell, Andrew Bell, and Ellen Howe Bell Magill. This series also contains information regarding the settlement of the estates of both Francis Bell and Mary Withrow Bell.","Series VI: James Withrow Papers: This series contains material ranging in date from 1848 to 1910. The bulk of the material in this series is financial records for James Withrow's business in agriculture, including contracts, correspondence, checks, receipts, money orders, debt statements, and account statements. Also present are documents relating to the settlement of James Withrow's estate.","Series VII: Edgar D. Withrow Papers: This series spans the dates 1864 through 1936. Included in this series are personal items including correspondence from Edgar Withrow's time as a Confederate Prisoner of War. Also included are records from the Greenbrier Light Infantry Grays of which Edgar Withrow was a member. The majority of this series is composed of financial records and business records from Edgar Withrow's business as an agricultural implements salesman.","Series VIII: Annie Primrose Withrow Papers: These papers consist of personal correspondence and items dating from 1889 to 1981, including land deeds and other legal documents as well as a 1908 \"Greenbrier\" yearbook from the Lewisburg Female Institute.","Series IX: The Withrow Family Papers: This series spans from 1870 to 1941, it contains materials from members of the Withrow family including business records from various businesses run by James Withrow and his son, Edgar, in addition to this are papers from Heber K. Withrow, Mary Renick Withrow, Helen Withrow, Mary E. Withrow, Mary J. Withrow, Letitia Withrow, and papers from Withrow Place as well as the Withrow Tourist Home.","Series X: The Kent Family Papers: This series includes materials dating from 1814 to 1881. The series includes the correspondence and financial records of two prominent Southwest Virginia landowners, James Randal Kent and David Fenton Kent.","Series XI: The Cloyd Family Papers: The Cloyd family papers include correspondence and financial records for Gordon, Mary, and James Cloyd. Also included are several land surveys done by Gordon Cloyd, a land surveyor for Southwest Virginia. These materials date from 1792 to 1866.","Series XII: Other Family Papers: This series is composed of land warrants and deeds, financial records, and personal correspondence from numerous individuals and families from Southwest Virginia and what is now, Southern West Virginia. These materials range in date from 1780 to 1998 and are dived into two categories, those materials sorted by individual or family and items organized by category.","Series XIII: Other Materials: This series is composed of magazines, booklets, brochures, and photographs that could not be identified as belonging to any one person or family. The series spans the dates 1901 through 1997.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The Bell, Kent, Cloyd, Withrow Family Collection contains the personal papers and financial records of members of four prominent families. Included are members of the Bell, Kent, Cloyd, and Withrow families, as well as, materials from related families and acquaintances. This is a diverse collection containing materials dating from 1780 to 1998. Items of interest include several Land Deeds and Warrant from the late 18th Century, including one signed by Benjamin Harrison, then Governor of Virginia; American Civil War correspondence from Confederate POW, Edgar Withrow; Regimental listings from the 19th Brigade of the Virginia Militia; and correspondence and military documents dating from World War II. The main collection contains materials from Gen. Gordon Cloyd, James Randal Kent, David Fenton Kent, Gordon Cloyd Bell Sr., David Kent Bell, James and Edgar Withrow, and many others.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Withrow family","Cloyd family","Kent family","Bell family","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2008.040"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Bell, Kent, Cloyd, Withrow Family Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Bell, Kent, Cloyd, Withrow Family Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Bell, Kent, Cloyd, Withrow Family Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Withrow family","Cloyd family","Kent family","Bell family"],"creator_ssim":["Withrow family","Cloyd family","Kent family","Bell family"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Withrow family","Cloyd family","Kent family","Bell family"],"creators_ssim":["Withrow family","Cloyd family","Kent family","Bell family"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Bell, Kent, Cloyd, Withrow Family Collection was donated by James Gordon Bell to Special Collections in 2008: \"In memory of my grandfather, Gordon Cloyd Bell, who collected items of historical interest, and my father, David Kent Bell, who treasured them, my wish is that these items be used to preserve our history.\""],"access_subjects_ssim":["Montgomery County (Va.)","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Women -- History"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Montgomery County (Va.)","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Women -- History"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["9.5 Cubic Feet 18 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["9.5 Cubic Feet 18 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into series corresponding to the creators. Each series arranged by type of material and then placed in chronological order. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries I: Gordon Cloyd Bell, Sr. Papers, 1917-1962\t\t\t\t\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries II: Edgar Withrow Bell Papers, 1919-1970\t\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries III: Gordon Cloyd Bell, Jr. Papers, 1921-1967\t\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV: David Kent Bell Papers, 1925-1978\t\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries V: Bell Family Papers, 1834-1841\t\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries VI: James Withrow Papers, 1848-1910\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries VII: Edgar D. Withrow Papers, 1864-1936\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries VIII: Annie Withrow Papers, 1889-1981\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries IX: Withrow Family Papers, 1870-1941\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries X: Kent Family Papers, 1814-1881\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries XI: Cloyd Family Papers, 1792-1866\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries XII: Other Family Papers, 1780-1998\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries XIII: Other Materials, 1901-1997\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into series corresponding to the creators. Each series arranged by type of material and then placed in chronological order. ","Series I: Gordon Cloyd Bell, Sr. Papers, 1917-1962\t\t\t\t","Series II: Edgar Withrow Bell Papers, 1919-1970\t","Series III: Gordon Cloyd Bell, Jr. Papers, 1921-1967\t","Series IV: David Kent Bell Papers, 1925-1978\t","Series V: Bell Family Papers, 1834-1841\t","Series VI: James Withrow Papers, 1848-1910","Series VII: Edgar D. Withrow Papers, 1864-1936","Series VIII: Annie Withrow Papers, 1889-1981","Series IX: Withrow Family Papers, 1870-1941","Series X: Kent Family Papers, 1814-1881","Series XI: Cloyd Family Papers, 1792-1866","Series XII: Other Family Papers, 1780-1998","Series XIII: Other Materials, 1901-1997"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGen. Gordon Cloyd was a descendant of David Cloyd. In 1764, Indians attacked the homestead of David Cloyd in Rockbridge County, Virginia. His wife, Margaret, was killed, as well as his son, John. Another son, Joseph Cloyd was away from the house at the time of the attack and was thus spared. David Cloyd passed away in 1792; Joseph Cloyd bought land and settled in Back Creek in present day Pulaski County in 1773. During the American Revolution, Joseph Cloyd served under Col. William Preston of Montgomery County. He is credited with saving Col. Preston's life when Preston was thrown from his horse during a skirmish at Wetzell's Mill in North Carolina. Following the war, Joseph Cloyd bought up more land in Pulaski County and built a brick house on Back Creek. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJoseph Cloyd married Mary Gordon and together they had three sons, Gordon, David, and Thomas. Gordon and David married two sisters, Sallie and Elizabeth McGavock. The McGavock sisters were the daughters of James McGavock and Mary Cloyd, Joseph Cloyd's sister. James and Mary McGavock also had a third daughter, Margaret, who married Joseph Kent.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDavid Cloyd and Sallie McGavock had five children: Margaret, Joseph, Gordon, Cynthia, and James McGavock. James McGavock Cloyd married Frances E. McNutt on November 5, 1853, together they had on child, David, in January of 1855. Frances died on December 21, 1858. James then married Harriet J. Ernest on January 10, 1861. They had four children: Fanny Ernest, Lucy McGavock, Sally, and Harriet Gordon. James Cloyd lived at the homestead on Back Creek in Pulaski County that was originally settled by Col. Joseph Cloyd.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGordon Cloyd commanded the 19th Brigade of the Virginia Militia during the War of 1812; he was later promoted to Major-General and thereafter was known as General Cloyd. He later served as a land surveyor for the Montgomery County area, and together with his brothers, purchased a tract of land along the New River know as Buchanan's Bottom. Gen. Gordon Cloyd and Elizabeth McGavock Cloyd together had six children, only two daughters, Mary and Elizabeth Cloyd survived. The two sisters married two brothers, James Randal and David Fenton Kent. David and James were the sons of Joseph Kent and Margaret McGavock Kent. Gordon Cloyd left the Buchanan's Bottom land to his daughter, Mary, and her husband, James Randal Kent. Elizabeth Kent and David Fenton Kent received the land at Back Creek and the house known as Springfield.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDavid Fenton Kent and Elizabeth Cloyd were married on January 2, 1834. Together they had seven children: Gordon Cloyd, born December 7, 1834, died November 11, 1837; an unnamed son, April 23, 1836 who lived eight days; Mary Elizabeth, born May 17, 1837, died December 14, 1837; James Randal, born August 15, 1838, died September 4, 1861; Sarah McGavock, born November 5, 1839, died March 9, 1891; Joseph Gordon, born March 22, 1841, died July 15, 1886; David Fenton, born May 17, 1844, died October 18, 1878. David F. Kent lived at the Springfield property and ran businesses with a Thomas Miller. He was reputed to have been an entertaining storyteller. David Fenton Kent died on January 28, 1850. Elizabeth Cloyd Kent outlived him by nineteen years, dying February 7, 1869.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJames Randal Kent and Mary Cloyd Kent moved to Buchanan's Bottom and lived at first in the old Trigg house. Later, they built Kentland mansion, which stands to this day. Together James and Mary had five daughters, Elizabeth Cloyd, born 1819, Sarah James, born 1822, Mary Louisa, born 1824, Cynthia, born 1827, and Margaret Gordon, born 1840. James Randal Kent was an enslaver, prominent landowner, and successful farmer. He also held several minor public offices including Sheriff of Montgomery County from 1822 to 1823, he also served as a Justice and a land surveyor. Throughout the 1830s and 1840s, James Randal Kent bought up land, he owned around 8000 acres in 1860. In 1855, construction began on a resort at Montgomery White Sulphur Springs, a hotel that later served as a hospital during the American Civil War. In 1860, James Randal Kent became a founder of the Preston and Olin Institute, a Methodist school in Blacksburg that was the predecessor to present day Virginia Tech. He was among the wealthiest men in Montgomery County with an estimated wealth of $196,000. Kent was a staunch supporter of the Confederacy, he enslaved more than 100 people at the start of the war. He served as an organizer for the Confederate Army, as well as a supplier of foodstuffs, providing grain and beef to the Confederate Army all the way up to the day Lee surrendered at Appomattox. Though Kentland survived the war, many barns and out-buildings were burned, including the plantation office with the majority of James Kent's personal papers, and in 1867 his land was valued at 41% less than it had been in 1860. James Randal Kent died on May 29, 1867. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSarah James Kent, daughter of James Randal Kent, married Francis Bell, a cattle buyer from Staunton, in 1855. Together Sarah and Francis had four surviving children: twin sons, James Randal Kent Bell and Samuel Hays Bell in 1858, a daughter, Mary Louisa Bell in 1861, and Francis \"Frank\" Bell in 1864. They built a home on the land in Pulaski given to Sarah by her father. They lived at Mountain Home until the mid-1870s, when in 1872 Francis Bell purchased land from the Darsts and the Cloyds, their new home, Rockwood, was built c. 1876.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe four Bell children were well educated and all attended college for some period of time. Public schools were non-existent at this time, so a governess, Mary Eliza Sedgewick taught them while they lived at Mountain Home. James Randal Kent and Samuel Hays Bell both attended Washington College in Lexington from 1875 to 1877. Mary Louisa Bell went to Mary Baldwin College in Staunton. Frank Bell attended the Virginia Polytechnic Institute before transferring to the Virginia Military Institute and graduating with the class of 1885.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSarah James Kent Bell died in April of 1884; Francis Bell followed her nine years later in 1893. In their will, all their land and properties were to be divided by the four children as they saw fit. James Randal Kent Bell received the Mountain Home properties, Samuel inherited the land in Augusta County, and Rockwood was split between Frank Bell and Mary Louisa Bell.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJames Randal Kent Bell married three times. His first wife was Maria L. Sedgwick, the daughter of their governess, Mary Eliza Sedgewick, Maria died shortly after the birth of their daughter, Mary Peck Bell. His second wife was Lida Howell Whitsett, Lida died in January of 1902. Together they had five children, Amelia Louise, Elizabeth Kent, Sarah Frances, James, and Francis Joseph. The name of James R. K. Bell's third wife is unknown. All of his children were born at Mountain Home and grew up there.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSamuel Hays Bell married Bessie Arbuthnot on May 18, 1893. Together they had four daughters, Sarah James, Elizabeth, Mary Lou, and Margaret. They lived in Staunton on the land inherited from Francis Bell. Samuel Bell died in Staunton on June 26, 1903.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMary Louisa Bell married Dr. Kent Black at Rockwood November 14, 1894. Dr. Black graduated from the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College in 1875, he worked as physician and surgeon at the school until 1890. Dr. Black died in 1909, following his death Mary Louisa Bell Black moved back to Pulaski to live with her family, she died at Rockwood December 12, 1943.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFrank Bell married Ellen Gordan Kent, the granddaughter of David Fenton Kent, in 1889. They had eight children: Sarah Kent Bell born September 28, 1890, Gordon Cloyd Bell born January 16, 1892, Ellen Howe Bell born February 12, 1893, Francis Bell born August 16, 1894, Mary Lou Bell born July 1, 1896, Elizabeth Cloyd Bell born September 7, 1897, Samuel Hays Bell born May 16, 1901, and Agnes McGavock Bell born September 1, 1905. Frank Bell worked in the cattle business just like his father and grandfather, he was an accomplished business man and over the years he bought up the rest of the Rockwood property from his sister, Mary Louisa Bell Black. He died at Rockwood on December 21, 1939, just a few months after the celebration of his fiftieth wedding anniversary.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFrank Bell's son, Gordon Cloyd Bell married Mary Eliza Withrow on November 16, 1918. They had four sons, Edgar Withrow Bell, Gordon Cloyd Bell Jr., David Kent Bell, and Andrew Mathews Bell. Gordon Bell Sr. was a farmer and overseer of farm lands, he also served as the President of the Bank of Dublin. Mary Withrow Bell died September 30, 1938. Gordon Cloyd Sr. then married Lucy Preston King in October of 1942, they lived for a time in Phoenix, Arizona where Gordon Cloyd Bell Sr. died in 1965.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEdgar Withrow Bell, the eldest son of Gordon Cloyd and Mary Withrow Bell was born on October 27, 1919. He grew up in Dublin and attended Lees-McCrea College in North Carolina. He wrote articles about music trends and opened \"The Record Bar\" at Wysor Electric Appliance Co. in Dublin. He also served as a postal worker in Arlington where he died in November of 1971.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGordon Cloyd Bell Jr. was born in Dublin on May 13, 1921. He was a farmer and overseer of the Withrow and Bell lands in Pulaski County, VA. He also served on the board of the Bank of Dublin. He attended the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and Furman College before entering the armed services in January of 1943 and served with the Black Panther Division during World War II. Gordon Cloyd Bell Jr. died from a self-inflicted gunshot wound in September of 1967.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDavid Kent Bell was born in Dublin on April 5, 1925. David attended the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and graduated with the Class of 1949. He also served in the armed services during World War II. He married Beverly Ann Gould from Baltimore, together they had two children: Sheri Lynn Bell born April 30, 1957 and James Gordon Bell born March 3, 1959. David Kent and Beverly Gould divorced and he married Helga Lewandowski. David Kent Bell died January 26, 2003.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAndrew Mathews Bell was born in Dublin on July 14, 1932. He died October 26, 1948.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEllen Howe Bell was born February 12, 1893. She attended Mary Baldwin College. Ellen married Orrin Rankin Magill on September 30, 1915. Through the National YMCA, they moved to China where they lived for many years. Upon retiring, they moved to Blacksburg where they often entertained Chinese students attending Virginia Tech. Ellen Howe Bell Magill was elected the 1962 Mother of the Year in Blacksburg. She died January 19, 1968.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1918, Gordon Cloyd Bell married Mary Eliza Withrow. She was the granddaughter of James W. Withrow of Greenbrier County. James Withrow was born in Lewisburg, in what is now West Virginia, on October 23, 1818. Though not a licensed attorney he served as a judge and for many years, the Master Commissioner of the Circuit Court. He also represented the county in the state legislature where he served on the Judiciary Committee. He married Mary Jane Kincaid and had two sons, Edgar Daingerfield Withrow and Heber K. Withrow, and three daughters, Mrs. Helen Feamster, Miss Mary J. Withrow, and Mrs. Lucy Withrow Montgomery. James Withrow died June 26, 1901.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEdgar Daingerfield Withrow was born December 9, 1845. He married Mary See Renick on November 3, 1886. Edgar served in the Civil War as a member of Confederate company E of the 14th Virginia Cavalry. Edgar was captured at Berryville in 1864 and spent the end of the war at Camp Chare in Ohio. Following the War, Edgar went into business with his father, and later ran his own business selling agricultural implements. Together with Mary Renick, he had six daughters and one son: Mary Mathews Withrow, born September 16, 1887, died October 3, 1892; Annie Primrose Withrow, born January 26, 1889, died June 16, 1982; Mary Eliza Withrow, born November 29, 1892, died September 29, 1938; Helen Cameron Withrow, born January 9, 1895, died July 25, 1903; Letitia Renick Withrow, born July 1, 1897, died December 24, 1922; Geraldine Withrow, born August 1, 1901, died July 8, 1902; Edgar D. Withrow Jr., born July 8, 1903, died October 2, 1913. The Withrows moved to Pulaski County sometime around 1910. Edgar Withrow died March 9, 1926 and Mary Renick Withrow died January 7, 1929. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAnnie P. Withrow never married. She was very close with her nephews, Edgar, Gordon, David and Andrew Bell, and much of their correspondence was written to her. She attended the Lewisburg Female Institute beginning in 1907. Annie Withrow died in June of 1982.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLetitia R. Withrow was born July 1, 1897. She moved with her family to Dublin and graduated from Dublin High School. She then attended Stonewall Jackson College in Abingdon until the school burned in 1914. She then entered Hollins College in Roanoke, VA, following graduation she became a special student of voice under Professor A. Y. Cornell of New York for two years. In 1919, she took a job as Assistant Voice Teacher at Greenville Women's College in Greenville, South Carolina. She taught there for two years, and one year at Annville College in Annville, Pennsylvania. She left Annville College to return to New York in order to resume her training with Professor Cornell in preparation for a singing career. Shortly thereafter she returned home, where she died from influenza on December 24, 1922.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Family History"],"bioghist_tesim":["Gen. Gordon Cloyd was a descendant of David Cloyd. In 1764, Indians attacked the homestead of David Cloyd in Rockbridge County, Virginia. His wife, Margaret, was killed, as well as his son, John. Another son, Joseph Cloyd was away from the house at the time of the attack and was thus spared. David Cloyd passed away in 1792; Joseph Cloyd bought land and settled in Back Creek in present day Pulaski County in 1773. During the American Revolution, Joseph Cloyd served under Col. William Preston of Montgomery County. He is credited with saving Col. Preston's life when Preston was thrown from his horse during a skirmish at Wetzell's Mill in North Carolina. Following the war, Joseph Cloyd bought up more land in Pulaski County and built a brick house on Back Creek. ","Joseph Cloyd married Mary Gordon and together they had three sons, Gordon, David, and Thomas. Gordon and David married two sisters, Sallie and Elizabeth McGavock. The McGavock sisters were the daughters of James McGavock and Mary Cloyd, Joseph Cloyd's sister. James and Mary McGavock also had a third daughter, Margaret, who married Joseph Kent.","David Cloyd and Sallie McGavock had five children: Margaret, Joseph, Gordon, Cynthia, and James McGavock. James McGavock Cloyd married Frances E. McNutt on November 5, 1853, together they had on child, David, in January of 1855. Frances died on December 21, 1858. James then married Harriet J. Ernest on January 10, 1861. They had four children: Fanny Ernest, Lucy McGavock, Sally, and Harriet Gordon. James Cloyd lived at the homestead on Back Creek in Pulaski County that was originally settled by Col. Joseph Cloyd.","Gordon Cloyd commanded the 19th Brigade of the Virginia Militia during the War of 1812; he was later promoted to Major-General and thereafter was known as General Cloyd. He later served as a land surveyor for the Montgomery County area, and together with his brothers, purchased a tract of land along the New River know as Buchanan's Bottom. Gen. Gordon Cloyd and Elizabeth McGavock Cloyd together had six children, only two daughters, Mary and Elizabeth Cloyd survived. The two sisters married two brothers, James Randal and David Fenton Kent. David and James were the sons of Joseph Kent and Margaret McGavock Kent. Gordon Cloyd left the Buchanan's Bottom land to his daughter, Mary, and her husband, James Randal Kent. Elizabeth Kent and David Fenton Kent received the land at Back Creek and the house known as Springfield.","David Fenton Kent and Elizabeth Cloyd were married on January 2, 1834. Together they had seven children: Gordon Cloyd, born December 7, 1834, died November 11, 1837; an unnamed son, April 23, 1836 who lived eight days; Mary Elizabeth, born May 17, 1837, died December 14, 1837; James Randal, born August 15, 1838, died September 4, 1861; Sarah McGavock, born November 5, 1839, died March 9, 1891; Joseph Gordon, born March 22, 1841, died July 15, 1886; David Fenton, born May 17, 1844, died October 18, 1878. David F. Kent lived at the Springfield property and ran businesses with a Thomas Miller. He was reputed to have been an entertaining storyteller. David Fenton Kent died on January 28, 1850. Elizabeth Cloyd Kent outlived him by nineteen years, dying February 7, 1869.","James Randal Kent and Mary Cloyd Kent moved to Buchanan's Bottom and lived at first in the old Trigg house. Later, they built Kentland mansion, which stands to this day. Together James and Mary had five daughters, Elizabeth Cloyd, born 1819, Sarah James, born 1822, Mary Louisa, born 1824, Cynthia, born 1827, and Margaret Gordon, born 1840. James Randal Kent was an enslaver, prominent landowner, and successful farmer. He also held several minor public offices including Sheriff of Montgomery County from 1822 to 1823, he also served as a Justice and a land surveyor. Throughout the 1830s and 1840s, James Randal Kent bought up land, he owned around 8000 acres in 1860. In 1855, construction began on a resort at Montgomery White Sulphur Springs, a hotel that later served as a hospital during the American Civil War. In 1860, James Randal Kent became a founder of the Preston and Olin Institute, a Methodist school in Blacksburg that was the predecessor to present day Virginia Tech. He was among the wealthiest men in Montgomery County with an estimated wealth of $196,000. Kent was a staunch supporter of the Confederacy, he enslaved more than 100 people at the start of the war. He served as an organizer for the Confederate Army, as well as a supplier of foodstuffs, providing grain and beef to the Confederate Army all the way up to the day Lee surrendered at Appomattox. Though Kentland survived the war, many barns and out-buildings were burned, including the plantation office with the majority of James Kent's personal papers, and in 1867 his land was valued at 41% less than it had been in 1860. James Randal Kent died on May 29, 1867. ","Sarah James Kent, daughter of James Randal Kent, married Francis Bell, a cattle buyer from Staunton, in 1855. Together Sarah and Francis had four surviving children: twin sons, James Randal Kent Bell and Samuel Hays Bell in 1858, a daughter, Mary Louisa Bell in 1861, and Francis \"Frank\" Bell in 1864. They built a home on the land in Pulaski given to Sarah by her father. They lived at Mountain Home until the mid-1870s, when in 1872 Francis Bell purchased land from the Darsts and the Cloyds, their new home, Rockwood, was built c. 1876.","The four Bell children were well educated and all attended college for some period of time. Public schools were non-existent at this time, so a governess, Mary Eliza Sedgewick taught them while they lived at Mountain Home. James Randal Kent and Samuel Hays Bell both attended Washington College in Lexington from 1875 to 1877. Mary Louisa Bell went to Mary Baldwin College in Staunton. Frank Bell attended the Virginia Polytechnic Institute before transferring to the Virginia Military Institute and graduating with the class of 1885.","Sarah James Kent Bell died in April of 1884; Francis Bell followed her nine years later in 1893. In their will, all their land and properties were to be divided by the four children as they saw fit. James Randal Kent Bell received the Mountain Home properties, Samuel inherited the land in Augusta County, and Rockwood was split between Frank Bell and Mary Louisa Bell.","James Randal Kent Bell married three times. His first wife was Maria L. Sedgwick, the daughter of their governess, Mary Eliza Sedgewick, Maria died shortly after the birth of their daughter, Mary Peck Bell. His second wife was Lida Howell Whitsett, Lida died in January of 1902. Together they had five children, Amelia Louise, Elizabeth Kent, Sarah Frances, James, and Francis Joseph. The name of James R. K. Bell's third wife is unknown. All of his children were born at Mountain Home and grew up there.","Samuel Hays Bell married Bessie Arbuthnot on May 18, 1893. Together they had four daughters, Sarah James, Elizabeth, Mary Lou, and Margaret. They lived in Staunton on the land inherited from Francis Bell. Samuel Bell died in Staunton on June 26, 1903.","Mary Louisa Bell married Dr. Kent Black at Rockwood November 14, 1894. Dr. Black graduated from the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College in 1875, he worked as physician and surgeon at the school until 1890. Dr. Black died in 1909, following his death Mary Louisa Bell Black moved back to Pulaski to live with her family, she died at Rockwood December 12, 1943.","Frank Bell married Ellen Gordan Kent, the granddaughter of David Fenton Kent, in 1889. They had eight children: Sarah Kent Bell born September 28, 1890, Gordon Cloyd Bell born January 16, 1892, Ellen Howe Bell born February 12, 1893, Francis Bell born August 16, 1894, Mary Lou Bell born July 1, 1896, Elizabeth Cloyd Bell born September 7, 1897, Samuel Hays Bell born May 16, 1901, and Agnes McGavock Bell born September 1, 1905. Frank Bell worked in the cattle business just like his father and grandfather, he was an accomplished business man and over the years he bought up the rest of the Rockwood property from his sister, Mary Louisa Bell Black. He died at Rockwood on December 21, 1939, just a few months after the celebration of his fiftieth wedding anniversary.","Frank Bell's son, Gordon Cloyd Bell married Mary Eliza Withrow on November 16, 1918. They had four sons, Edgar Withrow Bell, Gordon Cloyd Bell Jr., David Kent Bell, and Andrew Mathews Bell. Gordon Bell Sr. was a farmer and overseer of farm lands, he also served as the President of the Bank of Dublin. Mary Withrow Bell died September 30, 1938. Gordon Cloyd Sr. then married Lucy Preston King in October of 1942, they lived for a time in Phoenix, Arizona where Gordon Cloyd Bell Sr. died in 1965.","Edgar Withrow Bell, the eldest son of Gordon Cloyd and Mary Withrow Bell was born on October 27, 1919. He grew up in Dublin and attended Lees-McCrea College in North Carolina. He wrote articles about music trends and opened \"The Record Bar\" at Wysor Electric Appliance Co. in Dublin. He also served as a postal worker in Arlington where he died in November of 1971.","Gordon Cloyd Bell Jr. was born in Dublin on May 13, 1921. He was a farmer and overseer of the Withrow and Bell lands in Pulaski County, VA. He also served on the board of the Bank of Dublin. He attended the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and Furman College before entering the armed services in January of 1943 and served with the Black Panther Division during World War II. Gordon Cloyd Bell Jr. died from a self-inflicted gunshot wound in September of 1967.","David Kent Bell was born in Dublin on April 5, 1925. David attended the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and graduated with the Class of 1949. He also served in the armed services during World War II. He married Beverly Ann Gould from Baltimore, together they had two children: Sheri Lynn Bell born April 30, 1957 and James Gordon Bell born March 3, 1959. David Kent and Beverly Gould divorced and he married Helga Lewandowski. David Kent Bell died January 26, 2003.","Andrew Mathews Bell was born in Dublin on July 14, 1932. He died October 26, 1948.","Ellen Howe Bell was born February 12, 1893. She attended Mary Baldwin College. Ellen married Orrin Rankin Magill on September 30, 1915. Through the National YMCA, they moved to China where they lived for many years. Upon retiring, they moved to Blacksburg where they often entertained Chinese students attending Virginia Tech. Ellen Howe Bell Magill was elected the 1962 Mother of the Year in Blacksburg. She died January 19, 1968.","In 1918, Gordon Cloyd Bell married Mary Eliza Withrow. She was the granddaughter of James W. Withrow of Greenbrier County. James Withrow was born in Lewisburg, in what is now West Virginia, on October 23, 1818. Though not a licensed attorney he served as a judge and for many years, the Master Commissioner of the Circuit Court. He also represented the county in the state legislature where he served on the Judiciary Committee. He married Mary Jane Kincaid and had two sons, Edgar Daingerfield Withrow and Heber K. Withrow, and three daughters, Mrs. Helen Feamster, Miss Mary J. Withrow, and Mrs. Lucy Withrow Montgomery. James Withrow died June 26, 1901.","Edgar Daingerfield Withrow was born December 9, 1845. He married Mary See Renick on November 3, 1886. Edgar served in the Civil War as a member of Confederate company E of the 14th Virginia Cavalry. Edgar was captured at Berryville in 1864 and spent the end of the war at Camp Chare in Ohio. Following the War, Edgar went into business with his father, and later ran his own business selling agricultural implements. Together with Mary Renick, he had six daughters and one son: Mary Mathews Withrow, born September 16, 1887, died October 3, 1892; Annie Primrose Withrow, born January 26, 1889, died June 16, 1982; Mary Eliza Withrow, born November 29, 1892, died September 29, 1938; Helen Cameron Withrow, born January 9, 1895, died July 25, 1903; Letitia Renick Withrow, born July 1, 1897, died December 24, 1922; Geraldine Withrow, born August 1, 1901, died July 8, 1902; Edgar D. Withrow Jr., born July 8, 1903, died October 2, 1913. The Withrows moved to Pulaski County sometime around 1910. Edgar Withrow died March 9, 1926 and Mary Renick Withrow died January 7, 1929. ","Annie P. Withrow never married. She was very close with her nephews, Edgar, Gordon, David and Andrew Bell, and much of their correspondence was written to her. She attended the Lewisburg Female Institute beginning in 1907. Annie Withrow died in June of 1982.","Letitia R. Withrow was born July 1, 1897. She moved with her family to Dublin and graduated from Dublin High School. She then attended Stonewall Jackson College in Abingdon until the school burned in 1914. She then entered Hollins College in Roanoke, VA, following graduation she became a special student of voice under Professor A. Y. Cornell of New York for two years. In 1919, she took a job as Assistant Voice Teacher at Greenville Women's College in Greenville, South Carolina. She taught there for two years, and one year at Annville College in Annville, Pennsylvania. She left Annville College to return to New York in order to resume her training with Professor Cornell in preparation for a singing career. Shortly thereafter she returned home, where she died from influenza on December 24, 1922."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the the Bell, Kent, Cloyd, Withrow Family Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the the Bell, Kent, Cloyd, Withrow Family Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], the Bell, Kent, Cloyd, Withrow Family Collection, Ms2008-040, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], the Bell, Kent, Cloyd, Withrow Family Collection, Ms2008-040, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Bell, Kent, Cloyd, Withrow Family Collection began in June 2008 and was completed in October 2008.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Bell, Kent, Cloyd, Withrow Family Collection began in June 2008 and was completed in October 2008."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_3149.xml\"\u003eA listing of individuals and families in the Biographical Vertical Files at Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives is available online,\u003c/a\u003e but files of particular interest may include:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003clist\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eBentley family (related to the Cloyd, Kent, and McGavock families)--this file contains a 2014 update to: Robert Gray's \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe McGavock Family. A Genealogical History of James McGavock and His Descendants from 1760 to 1903\u003c/title\u003e. Richmond: W.E. Jones, 1903. CS 71 .M144 1903 (copies in Special Collections and University Archives and Newman Library). \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/items/show/2684\"\u003eThe 2014 update is also available online.\u003c/a\u003e \u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eKent\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSee the following materials related to these families, which are also at Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1290.xml\"\u003eBlack, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers, Ms1974-003\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1474.xml\"\u003eJames Randal Kent Papers, Ms1987-031\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1779.xml\"\u003eElizabeth Kent Adams Papers, Ms1990-045\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_3537.xml\"\u003e\"Whitethorne Photographs of Kentland for Margaret K. Cowan\" Photograph Album, Ms2021-020\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_4314.xml\"\u003eFrancis Bell Letter, Ms2024-088\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Archival Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["A listing of individuals and families in the Biographical Vertical Files at Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives is available online,  but files of particular interest may include:","Bentley family (related to the Cloyd, Kent, and McGavock families)--this file contains a 2014 update to: Robert Gray's  The McGavock Family. A Genealogical History of James McGavock and His Descendants from 1760 to 1903 . Richmond: W.E. Jones, 1903. CS 71 .M144 1903 (copies in Special Collections and University Archives and Newman Library).  The 2014 update is also available online. Kent","See the following materials related to these families, which are also at Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives:","Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers, Ms1974-003","James Randal Kent Papers, Ms1987-031","Elizabeth Kent Adams Papers, Ms1990-045","\"Whitethorne Photographs of Kentland for Margaret K. Cowan\" Photograph Album, Ms2021-020","Francis Bell Letter, Ms2024-088"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Bell, Kent, Cloyd, Withrow Family Collection spans the dates 1780 to 1998. The collection contains the papers and business records of four prominent families from Montgomery County and Pulaski County, Virginia and Greenbrier County, West Virginia. Also included are documents relating to numerous other individuals and families from across Southwest Virginia and Southern West Virginia. Documents include correspondence, land deeds and warrants, as well as financial records including debt statements, receipts, account statements, and money orders. The collection is divided into thirteen major series: Gordon Cloyd Bell Sr. Papers, Edgar Withrow Bell Papers, Gordon Cloyd Bell Jr. Papers, David Kent Bell Papers, Bell Family Papers, James Withrow Papers, Edgar D. Withrow Papers, Annie P. Withrow Papers, Withrow Family Papers, Kent Family Papers, Cloyd Family Papers, Other Family Papers, and Other Materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries I: Gordon Cloyd Bell Sr. Papers: This series spans the years 1917 to 1962 and includes personal correspondence to and from Gordon Cloyd Bell Sr. as well as business correspondence and materials from Bell's time as the President of the Bank of Dublin in Dublin, VA. The series also contains bank statements from 1940 to 1941.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries II: Edgar Withrow Bell Papers: This series contains materials dating from 1919 to 1970, including a birth certificate for Edgar W. Bell. The papers are mainly personal in nature. There is extensive correspondence, dating from 1934 to 1970 as well as a scrapbook and some newspaper clippings. There is a limited amount of Edgar Bell's financial records including bank statements dating from 1942 to 1945.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries III: Gordon Cloyd Bell Jr. Papers: these papers date from 1921 to 1967. These papers include a birth certificate and academic records, as well as, land deeds, tax documents, and financial records. Also included are materials from Gordon Bell Jr.'s time in the military including correspondence from the time of his service in World War II. World War II materials also include a \"Save Conduct Leaflet.\" These leaflets were air dropped in Western Europe by Allied forces in order to aid in the surrender of German Soldiers, the leaflet in this collection was most likely the version distributed from December 1944 through April 1945, it contains both English and German text.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV: David Kent Bell Papers: These papers date from 1925 to 1978. They range in scope from David Bell's birth certificate and education records to financial records and insurance documents. Also included is correspondence, some of which dates from David Bell's service in World War II. Also from this period are military documents dating from 1943 to 1948.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries V: Bell Family Papers: This series is composed for documents from various members of the Bell family including James Bell, Mary Withrow Bell, Andrew Bell, Francis Bell, and Ellen Howe Bell Magill. These items range in date from 1834 to 1967. They include financial records for James Bell, along with correspondence from Mary Withrow Bell, Andrew Bell, and Ellen Howe Bell Magill. This series also contains information regarding the settlement of the estates of both Francis Bell and Mary Withrow Bell.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries VI: James Withrow Papers: This series contains material ranging in date from 1848 to 1910. The bulk of the material in this series is financial records for James Withrow's business in agriculture, including contracts, correspondence, checks, receipts, money orders, debt statements, and account statements. Also present are documents relating to the settlement of James Withrow's estate.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries VII: Edgar D. Withrow Papers: This series spans the dates 1864 through 1936. Included in this series are personal items including correspondence from Edgar Withrow's time as a Confederate Prisoner of War. Also included are records from the Greenbrier Light Infantry Grays of which Edgar Withrow was a member. The majority of this series is composed of financial records and business records from Edgar Withrow's business as an agricultural implements salesman.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries VIII: Annie Primrose Withrow Papers: These papers consist of personal correspondence and items dating from 1889 to 1981, including land deeds and other legal documents as well as a 1908 \"Greenbrier\" yearbook from the Lewisburg Female Institute.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries IX: The Withrow Family Papers: This series spans from 1870 to 1941, it contains materials from members of the Withrow family including business records from various businesses run by James Withrow and his son, Edgar, in addition to this are papers from Heber K. Withrow, Mary Renick Withrow, Helen Withrow, Mary E. Withrow, Mary J. Withrow, Letitia Withrow, and papers from Withrow Place as well as the Withrow Tourist Home.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries X: The Kent Family Papers: This series includes materials dating from 1814 to 1881. The series includes the correspondence and financial records of two prominent Southwest Virginia landowners, James Randal Kent and David Fenton Kent.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries XI: The Cloyd Family Papers: The Cloyd family papers include correspondence and financial records for Gordon, Mary, and James Cloyd. Also included are several land surveys done by Gordon Cloyd, a land surveyor for Southwest Virginia. These materials date from 1792 to 1866.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries XII: Other Family Papers: This series is composed of land warrants and deeds, financial records, and personal correspondence from numerous individuals and families from Southwest Virginia and what is now, Southern West Virginia. These materials range in date from 1780 to 1998 and are dived into two categories, those materials sorted by individual or family and items organized by category.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries XIII: Other Materials: This series is composed of magazines, booklets, brochures, and photographs that could not be identified as belonging to any one person or family. The series spans the dates 1901 through 1997.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Bell, Kent, Cloyd, Withrow Family Collection spans the dates 1780 to 1998. The collection contains the papers and business records of four prominent families from Montgomery County and Pulaski County, Virginia and Greenbrier County, West Virginia. Also included are documents relating to numerous other individuals and families from across Southwest Virginia and Southern West Virginia. Documents include correspondence, land deeds and warrants, as well as financial records including debt statements, receipts, account statements, and money orders. The collection is divided into thirteen major series: Gordon Cloyd Bell Sr. Papers, Edgar Withrow Bell Papers, Gordon Cloyd Bell Jr. Papers, David Kent Bell Papers, Bell Family Papers, James Withrow Papers, Edgar D. Withrow Papers, Annie P. Withrow Papers, Withrow Family Papers, Kent Family Papers, Cloyd Family Papers, Other Family Papers, and Other Materials. ","Series I: Gordon Cloyd Bell Sr. Papers: This series spans the years 1917 to 1962 and includes personal correspondence to and from Gordon Cloyd Bell Sr. as well as business correspondence and materials from Bell's time as the President of the Bank of Dublin in Dublin, VA. The series also contains bank statements from 1940 to 1941.","Series II: Edgar Withrow Bell Papers: This series contains materials dating from 1919 to 1970, including a birth certificate for Edgar W. Bell. The papers are mainly personal in nature. There is extensive correspondence, dating from 1934 to 1970 as well as a scrapbook and some newspaper clippings. There is a limited amount of Edgar Bell's financial records including bank statements dating from 1942 to 1945.","Series III: Gordon Cloyd Bell Jr. Papers: these papers date from 1921 to 1967. These papers include a birth certificate and academic records, as well as, land deeds, tax documents, and financial records. Also included are materials from Gordon Bell Jr.'s time in the military including correspondence from the time of his service in World War II. World War II materials also include a \"Save Conduct Leaflet.\" These leaflets were air dropped in Western Europe by Allied forces in order to aid in the surrender of German Soldiers, the leaflet in this collection was most likely the version distributed from December 1944 through April 1945, it contains both English and German text.","Series IV: David Kent Bell Papers: These papers date from 1925 to 1978. They range in scope from David Bell's birth certificate and education records to financial records and insurance documents. Also included is correspondence, some of which dates from David Bell's service in World War II. Also from this period are military documents dating from 1943 to 1948.","Series V: Bell Family Papers: This series is composed for documents from various members of the Bell family including James Bell, Mary Withrow Bell, Andrew Bell, Francis Bell, and Ellen Howe Bell Magill. These items range in date from 1834 to 1967. They include financial records for James Bell, along with correspondence from Mary Withrow Bell, Andrew Bell, and Ellen Howe Bell Magill. This series also contains information regarding the settlement of the estates of both Francis Bell and Mary Withrow Bell.","Series VI: James Withrow Papers: This series contains material ranging in date from 1848 to 1910. The bulk of the material in this series is financial records for James Withrow's business in agriculture, including contracts, correspondence, checks, receipts, money orders, debt statements, and account statements. Also present are documents relating to the settlement of James Withrow's estate.","Series VII: Edgar D. Withrow Papers: This series spans the dates 1864 through 1936. Included in this series are personal items including correspondence from Edgar Withrow's time as a Confederate Prisoner of War. Also included are records from the Greenbrier Light Infantry Grays of which Edgar Withrow was a member. The majority of this series is composed of financial records and business records from Edgar Withrow's business as an agricultural implements salesman.","Series VIII: Annie Primrose Withrow Papers: These papers consist of personal correspondence and items dating from 1889 to 1981, including land deeds and other legal documents as well as a 1908 \"Greenbrier\" yearbook from the Lewisburg Female Institute.","Series IX: The Withrow Family Papers: This series spans from 1870 to 1941, it contains materials from members of the Withrow family including business records from various businesses run by James Withrow and his son, Edgar, in addition to this are papers from Heber K. Withrow, Mary Renick Withrow, Helen Withrow, Mary E. Withrow, Mary J. Withrow, Letitia Withrow, and papers from Withrow Place as well as the Withrow Tourist Home.","Series X: The Kent Family Papers: This series includes materials dating from 1814 to 1881. The series includes the correspondence and financial records of two prominent Southwest Virginia landowners, James Randal Kent and David Fenton Kent.","Series XI: The Cloyd Family Papers: The Cloyd family papers include correspondence and financial records for Gordon, Mary, and James Cloyd. Also included are several land surveys done by Gordon Cloyd, a land surveyor for Southwest Virginia. These materials date from 1792 to 1866.","Series XII: Other Family Papers: This series is composed of land warrants and deeds, financial records, and personal correspondence from numerous individuals and families from Southwest Virginia and what is now, Southern West Virginia. These materials range in date from 1780 to 1998 and are dived into two categories, those materials sorted by individual or family and items organized by category.","Series XIII: Other Materials: This series is composed of magazines, booklets, brochures, and photographs that could not be identified as belonging to any one person or family. The series spans the dates 1901 through 1997."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_a5f70c760aaa388e4b03cbb66aec856e\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Bell, Kent, Cloyd, Withrow Family Collection contains the personal papers and financial records of members of four prominent families. Included are members of the Bell, Kent, Cloyd, and Withrow families, as well as, materials from related families and acquaintances. This is a diverse collection containing materials dating from 1780 to 1998. Items of interest include several Land Deeds and Warrant from the late 18th Century, including one signed by Benjamin Harrison, then Governor of Virginia; American Civil War correspondence from Confederate POW, Edgar Withrow; Regimental listings from the 19th Brigade of the Virginia Militia; and correspondence and military documents dating from World War II. The main collection contains materials from Gen. Gordon Cloyd, James Randal Kent, David Fenton Kent, Gordon Cloyd Bell Sr., David Kent Bell, James and Edgar Withrow, and many others.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Bell, Kent, Cloyd, Withrow Family Collection contains the personal papers and financial records of members of four prominent families. Included are members of the Bell, Kent, Cloyd, and Withrow families, as well as, materials from related families and acquaintances. This is a diverse collection containing materials dating from 1780 to 1998. Items of interest include several Land Deeds and Warrant from the late 18th Century, including one signed by Benjamin Harrison, then Governor of Virginia; American Civil War correspondence from Confederate POW, Edgar Withrow; Regimental listings from the 19th Brigade of the Virginia Militia; and correspondence and military documents dating from World War II. The main collection contains materials from Gen. Gordon Cloyd, James Randal Kent, David Fenton Kent, Gordon Cloyd Bell Sr., David Kent Bell, James and Edgar Withrow, and many others."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Withrow family","Cloyd family","Kent family","Bell family"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"names_coll_ssim":["Withrow family","Kent family","Cloyd family","Bell family"],"famname_ssim":["Withrow family","Cloyd family","Kent family","Bell family"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":221,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:26:01.919Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2361","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2361","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2361","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2361","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2361.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Bell, Kent, Cloyd, Withrow Family Collection","title_ssm":["Bell, Kent, Cloyd, Withrow Family Collection"],"title_tesim":["Bell, Kent, Cloyd, Withrow Family Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1780-1998"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1780-1998"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2008.040"],"text":["Ms.2008.040","Bell, Kent, Cloyd, Withrow Family Collection","Montgomery County (Va.)","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Women -- History","The collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged into series corresponding to the creators. Each series arranged by type of material and then placed in chronological order. ","Series I: Gordon Cloyd Bell, Sr. Papers, 1917-1962\t\t\t\t","Series II: Edgar Withrow Bell Papers, 1919-1970\t","Series III: Gordon Cloyd Bell, Jr. Papers, 1921-1967\t","Series IV: David Kent Bell Papers, 1925-1978\t","Series V: Bell Family Papers, 1834-1841\t","Series VI: James Withrow Papers, 1848-1910","Series VII: Edgar D. Withrow Papers, 1864-1936","Series VIII: Annie Withrow Papers, 1889-1981","Series IX: Withrow Family Papers, 1870-1941","Series X: Kent Family Papers, 1814-1881","Series XI: Cloyd Family Papers, 1792-1866","Series XII: Other Family Papers, 1780-1998","Series XIII: Other Materials, 1901-1997","Gen. Gordon Cloyd was a descendant of David Cloyd. In 1764, Indians attacked the homestead of David Cloyd in Rockbridge County, Virginia. His wife, Margaret, was killed, as well as his son, John. Another son, Joseph Cloyd was away from the house at the time of the attack and was thus spared. David Cloyd passed away in 1792; Joseph Cloyd bought land and settled in Back Creek in present day Pulaski County in 1773. During the American Revolution, Joseph Cloyd served under Col. William Preston of Montgomery County. He is credited with saving Col. Preston's life when Preston was thrown from his horse during a skirmish at Wetzell's Mill in North Carolina. Following the war, Joseph Cloyd bought up more land in Pulaski County and built a brick house on Back Creek. ","Joseph Cloyd married Mary Gordon and together they had three sons, Gordon, David, and Thomas. Gordon and David married two sisters, Sallie and Elizabeth McGavock. The McGavock sisters were the daughters of James McGavock and Mary Cloyd, Joseph Cloyd's sister. James and Mary McGavock also had a third daughter, Margaret, who married Joseph Kent.","David Cloyd and Sallie McGavock had five children: Margaret, Joseph, Gordon, Cynthia, and James McGavock. James McGavock Cloyd married Frances E. McNutt on November 5, 1853, together they had on child, David, in January of 1855. Frances died on December 21, 1858. James then married Harriet J. Ernest on January 10, 1861. They had four children: Fanny Ernest, Lucy McGavock, Sally, and Harriet Gordon. James Cloyd lived at the homestead on Back Creek in Pulaski County that was originally settled by Col. Joseph Cloyd.","Gordon Cloyd commanded the 19th Brigade of the Virginia Militia during the War of 1812; he was later promoted to Major-General and thereafter was known as General Cloyd. He later served as a land surveyor for the Montgomery County area, and together with his brothers, purchased a tract of land along the New River know as Buchanan's Bottom. Gen. Gordon Cloyd and Elizabeth McGavock Cloyd together had six children, only two daughters, Mary and Elizabeth Cloyd survived. The two sisters married two brothers, James Randal and David Fenton Kent. David and James were the sons of Joseph Kent and Margaret McGavock Kent. Gordon Cloyd left the Buchanan's Bottom land to his daughter, Mary, and her husband, James Randal Kent. Elizabeth Kent and David Fenton Kent received the land at Back Creek and the house known as Springfield.","David Fenton Kent and Elizabeth Cloyd were married on January 2, 1834. Together they had seven children: Gordon Cloyd, born December 7, 1834, died November 11, 1837; an unnamed son, April 23, 1836 who lived eight days; Mary Elizabeth, born May 17, 1837, died December 14, 1837; James Randal, born August 15, 1838, died September 4, 1861; Sarah McGavock, born November 5, 1839, died March 9, 1891; Joseph Gordon, born March 22, 1841, died July 15, 1886; David Fenton, born May 17, 1844, died October 18, 1878. David F. Kent lived at the Springfield property and ran businesses with a Thomas Miller. He was reputed to have been an entertaining storyteller. David Fenton Kent died on January 28, 1850. Elizabeth Cloyd Kent outlived him by nineteen years, dying February 7, 1869.","James Randal Kent and Mary Cloyd Kent moved to Buchanan's Bottom and lived at first in the old Trigg house. Later, they built Kentland mansion, which stands to this day. Together James and Mary had five daughters, Elizabeth Cloyd, born 1819, Sarah James, born 1822, Mary Louisa, born 1824, Cynthia, born 1827, and Margaret Gordon, born 1840. James Randal Kent was an enslaver, prominent landowner, and successful farmer. He also held several minor public offices including Sheriff of Montgomery County from 1822 to 1823, he also served as a Justice and a land surveyor. Throughout the 1830s and 1840s, James Randal Kent bought up land, he owned around 8000 acres in 1860. In 1855, construction began on a resort at Montgomery White Sulphur Springs, a hotel that later served as a hospital during the American Civil War. In 1860, James Randal Kent became a founder of the Preston and Olin Institute, a Methodist school in Blacksburg that was the predecessor to present day Virginia Tech. He was among the wealthiest men in Montgomery County with an estimated wealth of $196,000. Kent was a staunch supporter of the Confederacy, he enslaved more than 100 people at the start of the war. He served as an organizer for the Confederate Army, as well as a supplier of foodstuffs, providing grain and beef to the Confederate Army all the way up to the day Lee surrendered at Appomattox. Though Kentland survived the war, many barns and out-buildings were burned, including the plantation office with the majority of James Kent's personal papers, and in 1867 his land was valued at 41% less than it had been in 1860. James Randal Kent died on May 29, 1867. ","Sarah James Kent, daughter of James Randal Kent, married Francis Bell, a cattle buyer from Staunton, in 1855. Together Sarah and Francis had four surviving children: twin sons, James Randal Kent Bell and Samuel Hays Bell in 1858, a daughter, Mary Louisa Bell in 1861, and Francis \"Frank\" Bell in 1864. They built a home on the land in Pulaski given to Sarah by her father. They lived at Mountain Home until the mid-1870s, when in 1872 Francis Bell purchased land from the Darsts and the Cloyds, their new home, Rockwood, was built c. 1876.","The four Bell children were well educated and all attended college for some period of time. Public schools were non-existent at this time, so a governess, Mary Eliza Sedgewick taught them while they lived at Mountain Home. James Randal Kent and Samuel Hays Bell both attended Washington College in Lexington from 1875 to 1877. Mary Louisa Bell went to Mary Baldwin College in Staunton. Frank Bell attended the Virginia Polytechnic Institute before transferring to the Virginia Military Institute and graduating with the class of 1885.","Sarah James Kent Bell died in April of 1884; Francis Bell followed her nine years later in 1893. In their will, all their land and properties were to be divided by the four children as they saw fit. James Randal Kent Bell received the Mountain Home properties, Samuel inherited the land in Augusta County, and Rockwood was split between Frank Bell and Mary Louisa Bell.","James Randal Kent Bell married three times. His first wife was Maria L. Sedgwick, the daughter of their governess, Mary Eliza Sedgewick, Maria died shortly after the birth of their daughter, Mary Peck Bell. His second wife was Lida Howell Whitsett, Lida died in January of 1902. Together they had five children, Amelia Louise, Elizabeth Kent, Sarah Frances, James, and Francis Joseph. The name of James R. K. Bell's third wife is unknown. All of his children were born at Mountain Home and grew up there.","Samuel Hays Bell married Bessie Arbuthnot on May 18, 1893. Together they had four daughters, Sarah James, Elizabeth, Mary Lou, and Margaret. They lived in Staunton on the land inherited from Francis Bell. Samuel Bell died in Staunton on June 26, 1903.","Mary Louisa Bell married Dr. Kent Black at Rockwood November 14, 1894. Dr. Black graduated from the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College in 1875, he worked as physician and surgeon at the school until 1890. Dr. Black died in 1909, following his death Mary Louisa Bell Black moved back to Pulaski to live with her family, she died at Rockwood December 12, 1943.","Frank Bell married Ellen Gordan Kent, the granddaughter of David Fenton Kent, in 1889. They had eight children: Sarah Kent Bell born September 28, 1890, Gordon Cloyd Bell born January 16, 1892, Ellen Howe Bell born February 12, 1893, Francis Bell born August 16, 1894, Mary Lou Bell born July 1, 1896, Elizabeth Cloyd Bell born September 7, 1897, Samuel Hays Bell born May 16, 1901, and Agnes McGavock Bell born September 1, 1905. Frank Bell worked in the cattle business just like his father and grandfather, he was an accomplished business man and over the years he bought up the rest of the Rockwood property from his sister, Mary Louisa Bell Black. He died at Rockwood on December 21, 1939, just a few months after the celebration of his fiftieth wedding anniversary.","Frank Bell's son, Gordon Cloyd Bell married Mary Eliza Withrow on November 16, 1918. They had four sons, Edgar Withrow Bell, Gordon Cloyd Bell Jr., David Kent Bell, and Andrew Mathews Bell. Gordon Bell Sr. was a farmer and overseer of farm lands, he also served as the President of the Bank of Dublin. Mary Withrow Bell died September 30, 1938. Gordon Cloyd Sr. then married Lucy Preston King in October of 1942, they lived for a time in Phoenix, Arizona where Gordon Cloyd Bell Sr. died in 1965.","Edgar Withrow Bell, the eldest son of Gordon Cloyd and Mary Withrow Bell was born on October 27, 1919. He grew up in Dublin and attended Lees-McCrea College in North Carolina. He wrote articles about music trends and opened \"The Record Bar\" at Wysor Electric Appliance Co. in Dublin. He also served as a postal worker in Arlington where he died in November of 1971.","Gordon Cloyd Bell Jr. was born in Dublin on May 13, 1921. He was a farmer and overseer of the Withrow and Bell lands in Pulaski County, VA. He also served on the board of the Bank of Dublin. He attended the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and Furman College before entering the armed services in January of 1943 and served with the Black Panther Division during World War II. Gordon Cloyd Bell Jr. died from a self-inflicted gunshot wound in September of 1967.","David Kent Bell was born in Dublin on April 5, 1925. David attended the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and graduated with the Class of 1949. He also served in the armed services during World War II. He married Beverly Ann Gould from Baltimore, together they had two children: Sheri Lynn Bell born April 30, 1957 and James Gordon Bell born March 3, 1959. David Kent and Beverly Gould divorced and he married Helga Lewandowski. David Kent Bell died January 26, 2003.","Andrew Mathews Bell was born in Dublin on July 14, 1932. He died October 26, 1948.","Ellen Howe Bell was born February 12, 1893. She attended Mary Baldwin College. Ellen married Orrin Rankin Magill on September 30, 1915. Through the National YMCA, they moved to China where they lived for many years. Upon retiring, they moved to Blacksburg where they often entertained Chinese students attending Virginia Tech. Ellen Howe Bell Magill was elected the 1962 Mother of the Year in Blacksburg. She died January 19, 1968.","In 1918, Gordon Cloyd Bell married Mary Eliza Withrow. She was the granddaughter of James W. Withrow of Greenbrier County. James Withrow was born in Lewisburg, in what is now West Virginia, on October 23, 1818. Though not a licensed attorney he served as a judge and for many years, the Master Commissioner of the Circuit Court. He also represented the county in the state legislature where he served on the Judiciary Committee. He married Mary Jane Kincaid and had two sons, Edgar Daingerfield Withrow and Heber K. Withrow, and three daughters, Mrs. Helen Feamster, Miss Mary J. Withrow, and Mrs. Lucy Withrow Montgomery. James Withrow died June 26, 1901.","Edgar Daingerfield Withrow was born December 9, 1845. He married Mary See Renick on November 3, 1886. Edgar served in the Civil War as a member of Confederate company E of the 14th Virginia Cavalry. Edgar was captured at Berryville in 1864 and spent the end of the war at Camp Chare in Ohio. Following the War, Edgar went into business with his father, and later ran his own business selling agricultural implements. Together with Mary Renick, he had six daughters and one son: Mary Mathews Withrow, born September 16, 1887, died October 3, 1892; Annie Primrose Withrow, born January 26, 1889, died June 16, 1982; Mary Eliza Withrow, born November 29, 1892, died September 29, 1938; Helen Cameron Withrow, born January 9, 1895, died July 25, 1903; Letitia Renick Withrow, born July 1, 1897, died December 24, 1922; Geraldine Withrow, born August 1, 1901, died July 8, 1902; Edgar D. Withrow Jr., born July 8, 1903, died October 2, 1913. The Withrows moved to Pulaski County sometime around 1910. Edgar Withrow died March 9, 1926 and Mary Renick Withrow died January 7, 1929. ","Annie P. Withrow never married. She was very close with her nephews, Edgar, Gordon, David and Andrew Bell, and much of their correspondence was written to her. She attended the Lewisburg Female Institute beginning in 1907. Annie Withrow died in June of 1982.","Letitia R. Withrow was born July 1, 1897. She moved with her family to Dublin and graduated from Dublin High School. She then attended Stonewall Jackson College in Abingdon until the school burned in 1914. She then entered Hollins College in Roanoke, VA, following graduation she became a special student of voice under Professor A. Y. Cornell of New York for two years. In 1919, she took a job as Assistant Voice Teacher at Greenville Women's College in Greenville, South Carolina. She taught there for two years, and one year at Annville College in Annville, Pennsylvania. She left Annville College to return to New York in order to resume her training with Professor Cornell in preparation for a singing career. Shortly thereafter she returned home, where she died from influenza on December 24, 1922.","The guide to the the Bell, Kent, Cloyd, Withrow Family Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Bell, Kent, Cloyd, Withrow Family Collection began in June 2008 and was completed in October 2008.","A listing of individuals and families in the Biographical Vertical Files at Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives is available online,  but files of particular interest may include:","Bentley family (related to the Cloyd, Kent, and McGavock families)--this file contains a 2014 update to: Robert Gray's  The McGavock Family. A Genealogical History of James McGavock and His Descendants from 1760 to 1903 . Richmond: W.E. Jones, 1903. CS 71 .M144 1903 (copies in Special Collections and University Archives and Newman Library).  The 2014 update is also available online. Kent","See the following materials related to these families, which are also at Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives:","Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers, Ms1974-003","James Randal Kent Papers, Ms1987-031","Elizabeth Kent Adams Papers, Ms1990-045","\"Whitethorne Photographs of Kentland for Margaret K. Cowan\" Photograph Album, Ms2021-020","Francis Bell Letter, Ms2024-088","The Bell, Kent, Cloyd, Withrow Family Collection spans the dates 1780 to 1998. The collection contains the papers and business records of four prominent families from Montgomery County and Pulaski County, Virginia and Greenbrier County, West Virginia. Also included are documents relating to numerous other individuals and families from across Southwest Virginia and Southern West Virginia. Documents include correspondence, land deeds and warrants, as well as financial records including debt statements, receipts, account statements, and money orders. The collection is divided into thirteen major series: Gordon Cloyd Bell Sr. Papers, Edgar Withrow Bell Papers, Gordon Cloyd Bell Jr. Papers, David Kent Bell Papers, Bell Family Papers, James Withrow Papers, Edgar D. Withrow Papers, Annie P. Withrow Papers, Withrow Family Papers, Kent Family Papers, Cloyd Family Papers, Other Family Papers, and Other Materials. ","Series I: Gordon Cloyd Bell Sr. Papers: This series spans the years 1917 to 1962 and includes personal correspondence to and from Gordon Cloyd Bell Sr. as well as business correspondence and materials from Bell's time as the President of the Bank of Dublin in Dublin, VA. The series also contains bank statements from 1940 to 1941.","Series II: Edgar Withrow Bell Papers: This series contains materials dating from 1919 to 1970, including a birth certificate for Edgar W. Bell. The papers are mainly personal in nature. There is extensive correspondence, dating from 1934 to 1970 as well as a scrapbook and some newspaper clippings. There is a limited amount of Edgar Bell's financial records including bank statements dating from 1942 to 1945.","Series III: Gordon Cloyd Bell Jr. Papers: these papers date from 1921 to 1967. These papers include a birth certificate and academic records, as well as, land deeds, tax documents, and financial records. Also included are materials from Gordon Bell Jr.'s time in the military including correspondence from the time of his service in World War II. World War II materials also include a \"Save Conduct Leaflet.\" These leaflets were air dropped in Western Europe by Allied forces in order to aid in the surrender of German Soldiers, the leaflet in this collection was most likely the version distributed from December 1944 through April 1945, it contains both English and German text.","Series IV: David Kent Bell Papers: These papers date from 1925 to 1978. They range in scope from David Bell's birth certificate and education records to financial records and insurance documents. Also included is correspondence, some of which dates from David Bell's service in World War II. Also from this period are military documents dating from 1943 to 1948.","Series V: Bell Family Papers: This series is composed for documents from various members of the Bell family including James Bell, Mary Withrow Bell, Andrew Bell, Francis Bell, and Ellen Howe Bell Magill. These items range in date from 1834 to 1967. They include financial records for James Bell, along with correspondence from Mary Withrow Bell, Andrew Bell, and Ellen Howe Bell Magill. This series also contains information regarding the settlement of the estates of both Francis Bell and Mary Withrow Bell.","Series VI: James Withrow Papers: This series contains material ranging in date from 1848 to 1910. The bulk of the material in this series is financial records for James Withrow's business in agriculture, including contracts, correspondence, checks, receipts, money orders, debt statements, and account statements. Also present are documents relating to the settlement of James Withrow's estate.","Series VII: Edgar D. Withrow Papers: This series spans the dates 1864 through 1936. Included in this series are personal items including correspondence from Edgar Withrow's time as a Confederate Prisoner of War. Also included are records from the Greenbrier Light Infantry Grays of which Edgar Withrow was a member. The majority of this series is composed of financial records and business records from Edgar Withrow's business as an agricultural implements salesman.","Series VIII: Annie Primrose Withrow Papers: These papers consist of personal correspondence and items dating from 1889 to 1981, including land deeds and other legal documents as well as a 1908 \"Greenbrier\" yearbook from the Lewisburg Female Institute.","Series IX: The Withrow Family Papers: This series spans from 1870 to 1941, it contains materials from members of the Withrow family including business records from various businesses run by James Withrow and his son, Edgar, in addition to this are papers from Heber K. Withrow, Mary Renick Withrow, Helen Withrow, Mary E. Withrow, Mary J. Withrow, Letitia Withrow, and papers from Withrow Place as well as the Withrow Tourist Home.","Series X: The Kent Family Papers: This series includes materials dating from 1814 to 1881. The series includes the correspondence and financial records of two prominent Southwest Virginia landowners, James Randal Kent and David Fenton Kent.","Series XI: The Cloyd Family Papers: The Cloyd family papers include correspondence and financial records for Gordon, Mary, and James Cloyd. Also included are several land surveys done by Gordon Cloyd, a land surveyor for Southwest Virginia. These materials date from 1792 to 1866.","Series XII: Other Family Papers: This series is composed of land warrants and deeds, financial records, and personal correspondence from numerous individuals and families from Southwest Virginia and what is now, Southern West Virginia. These materials range in date from 1780 to 1998 and are dived into two categories, those materials sorted by individual or family and items organized by category.","Series XIII: Other Materials: This series is composed of magazines, booklets, brochures, and photographs that could not be identified as belonging to any one person or family. The series spans the dates 1901 through 1997.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The Bell, Kent, Cloyd, Withrow Family Collection contains the personal papers and financial records of members of four prominent families. Included are members of the Bell, Kent, Cloyd, and Withrow families, as well as, materials from related families and acquaintances. This is a diverse collection containing materials dating from 1780 to 1998. Items of interest include several Land Deeds and Warrant from the late 18th Century, including one signed by Benjamin Harrison, then Governor of Virginia; American Civil War correspondence from Confederate POW, Edgar Withrow; Regimental listings from the 19th Brigade of the Virginia Militia; and correspondence and military documents dating from World War II. The main collection contains materials from Gen. Gordon Cloyd, James Randal Kent, David Fenton Kent, Gordon Cloyd Bell Sr., David Kent Bell, James and Edgar Withrow, and many others.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Withrow family","Cloyd family","Kent family","Bell family","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2008.040"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Bell, Kent, Cloyd, Withrow Family Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Bell, Kent, Cloyd, Withrow Family Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Bell, Kent, Cloyd, Withrow Family Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Withrow family","Cloyd family","Kent family","Bell family"],"creator_ssim":["Withrow family","Cloyd family","Kent family","Bell family"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Withrow family","Cloyd family","Kent family","Bell family"],"creators_ssim":["Withrow family","Cloyd family","Kent family","Bell family"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Bell, Kent, Cloyd, Withrow Family Collection was donated by James Gordon Bell to Special Collections in 2008: \"In memory of my grandfather, Gordon Cloyd Bell, who collected items of historical interest, and my father, David Kent Bell, who treasured them, my wish is that these items be used to preserve our history.\""],"access_subjects_ssim":["Montgomery County (Va.)","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Women -- History"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Montgomery County (Va.)","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Women -- History"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["9.5 Cubic Feet 18 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["9.5 Cubic Feet 18 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into series corresponding to the creators. Each series arranged by type of material and then placed in chronological order. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries I: Gordon Cloyd Bell, Sr. Papers, 1917-1962\t\t\t\t\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries II: Edgar Withrow Bell Papers, 1919-1970\t\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries III: Gordon Cloyd Bell, Jr. Papers, 1921-1967\t\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV: David Kent Bell Papers, 1925-1978\t\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries V: Bell Family Papers, 1834-1841\t\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries VI: James Withrow Papers, 1848-1910\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries VII: Edgar D. Withrow Papers, 1864-1936\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries VIII: Annie Withrow Papers, 1889-1981\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries IX: Withrow Family Papers, 1870-1941\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries X: Kent Family Papers, 1814-1881\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries XI: Cloyd Family Papers, 1792-1866\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries XII: Other Family Papers, 1780-1998\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries XIII: Other Materials, 1901-1997\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into series corresponding to the creators. Each series arranged by type of material and then placed in chronological order. ","Series I: Gordon Cloyd Bell, Sr. Papers, 1917-1962\t\t\t\t","Series II: Edgar Withrow Bell Papers, 1919-1970\t","Series III: Gordon Cloyd Bell, Jr. Papers, 1921-1967\t","Series IV: David Kent Bell Papers, 1925-1978\t","Series V: Bell Family Papers, 1834-1841\t","Series VI: James Withrow Papers, 1848-1910","Series VII: Edgar D. Withrow Papers, 1864-1936","Series VIII: Annie Withrow Papers, 1889-1981","Series IX: Withrow Family Papers, 1870-1941","Series X: Kent Family Papers, 1814-1881","Series XI: Cloyd Family Papers, 1792-1866","Series XII: Other Family Papers, 1780-1998","Series XIII: Other Materials, 1901-1997"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGen. Gordon Cloyd was a descendant of David Cloyd. In 1764, Indians attacked the homestead of David Cloyd in Rockbridge County, Virginia. His wife, Margaret, was killed, as well as his son, John. Another son, Joseph Cloyd was away from the house at the time of the attack and was thus spared. David Cloyd passed away in 1792; Joseph Cloyd bought land and settled in Back Creek in present day Pulaski County in 1773. During the American Revolution, Joseph Cloyd served under Col. William Preston of Montgomery County. He is credited with saving Col. Preston's life when Preston was thrown from his horse during a skirmish at Wetzell's Mill in North Carolina. Following the war, Joseph Cloyd bought up more land in Pulaski County and built a brick house on Back Creek. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJoseph Cloyd married Mary Gordon and together they had three sons, Gordon, David, and Thomas. Gordon and David married two sisters, Sallie and Elizabeth McGavock. The McGavock sisters were the daughters of James McGavock and Mary Cloyd, Joseph Cloyd's sister. James and Mary McGavock also had a third daughter, Margaret, who married Joseph Kent.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDavid Cloyd and Sallie McGavock had five children: Margaret, Joseph, Gordon, Cynthia, and James McGavock. James McGavock Cloyd married Frances E. McNutt on November 5, 1853, together they had on child, David, in January of 1855. Frances died on December 21, 1858. James then married Harriet J. Ernest on January 10, 1861. They had four children: Fanny Ernest, Lucy McGavock, Sally, and Harriet Gordon. James Cloyd lived at the homestead on Back Creek in Pulaski County that was originally settled by Col. Joseph Cloyd.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGordon Cloyd commanded the 19th Brigade of the Virginia Militia during the War of 1812; he was later promoted to Major-General and thereafter was known as General Cloyd. He later served as a land surveyor for the Montgomery County area, and together with his brothers, purchased a tract of land along the New River know as Buchanan's Bottom. Gen. Gordon Cloyd and Elizabeth McGavock Cloyd together had six children, only two daughters, Mary and Elizabeth Cloyd survived. The two sisters married two brothers, James Randal and David Fenton Kent. David and James were the sons of Joseph Kent and Margaret McGavock Kent. Gordon Cloyd left the Buchanan's Bottom land to his daughter, Mary, and her husband, James Randal Kent. Elizabeth Kent and David Fenton Kent received the land at Back Creek and the house known as Springfield.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDavid Fenton Kent and Elizabeth Cloyd were married on January 2, 1834. Together they had seven children: Gordon Cloyd, born December 7, 1834, died November 11, 1837; an unnamed son, April 23, 1836 who lived eight days; Mary Elizabeth, born May 17, 1837, died December 14, 1837; James Randal, born August 15, 1838, died September 4, 1861; Sarah McGavock, born November 5, 1839, died March 9, 1891; Joseph Gordon, born March 22, 1841, died July 15, 1886; David Fenton, born May 17, 1844, died October 18, 1878. David F. Kent lived at the Springfield property and ran businesses with a Thomas Miller. He was reputed to have been an entertaining storyteller. David Fenton Kent died on January 28, 1850. Elizabeth Cloyd Kent outlived him by nineteen years, dying February 7, 1869.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJames Randal Kent and Mary Cloyd Kent moved to Buchanan's Bottom and lived at first in the old Trigg house. Later, they built Kentland mansion, which stands to this day. Together James and Mary had five daughters, Elizabeth Cloyd, born 1819, Sarah James, born 1822, Mary Louisa, born 1824, Cynthia, born 1827, and Margaret Gordon, born 1840. James Randal Kent was an enslaver, prominent landowner, and successful farmer. He also held several minor public offices including Sheriff of Montgomery County from 1822 to 1823, he also served as a Justice and a land surveyor. Throughout the 1830s and 1840s, James Randal Kent bought up land, he owned around 8000 acres in 1860. In 1855, construction began on a resort at Montgomery White Sulphur Springs, a hotel that later served as a hospital during the American Civil War. In 1860, James Randal Kent became a founder of the Preston and Olin Institute, a Methodist school in Blacksburg that was the predecessor to present day Virginia Tech. He was among the wealthiest men in Montgomery County with an estimated wealth of $196,000. Kent was a staunch supporter of the Confederacy, he enslaved more than 100 people at the start of the war. He served as an organizer for the Confederate Army, as well as a supplier of foodstuffs, providing grain and beef to the Confederate Army all the way up to the day Lee surrendered at Appomattox. Though Kentland survived the war, many barns and out-buildings were burned, including the plantation office with the majority of James Kent's personal papers, and in 1867 his land was valued at 41% less than it had been in 1860. James Randal Kent died on May 29, 1867. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSarah James Kent, daughter of James Randal Kent, married Francis Bell, a cattle buyer from Staunton, in 1855. Together Sarah and Francis had four surviving children: twin sons, James Randal Kent Bell and Samuel Hays Bell in 1858, a daughter, Mary Louisa Bell in 1861, and Francis \"Frank\" Bell in 1864. They built a home on the land in Pulaski given to Sarah by her father. They lived at Mountain Home until the mid-1870s, when in 1872 Francis Bell purchased land from the Darsts and the Cloyds, their new home, Rockwood, was built c. 1876.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe four Bell children were well educated and all attended college for some period of time. Public schools were non-existent at this time, so a governess, Mary Eliza Sedgewick taught them while they lived at Mountain Home. James Randal Kent and Samuel Hays Bell both attended Washington College in Lexington from 1875 to 1877. Mary Louisa Bell went to Mary Baldwin College in Staunton. Frank Bell attended the Virginia Polytechnic Institute before transferring to the Virginia Military Institute and graduating with the class of 1885.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSarah James Kent Bell died in April of 1884; Francis Bell followed her nine years later in 1893. In their will, all their land and properties were to be divided by the four children as they saw fit. James Randal Kent Bell received the Mountain Home properties, Samuel inherited the land in Augusta County, and Rockwood was split between Frank Bell and Mary Louisa Bell.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJames Randal Kent Bell married three times. His first wife was Maria L. Sedgwick, the daughter of their governess, Mary Eliza Sedgewick, Maria died shortly after the birth of their daughter, Mary Peck Bell. His second wife was Lida Howell Whitsett, Lida died in January of 1902. Together they had five children, Amelia Louise, Elizabeth Kent, Sarah Frances, James, and Francis Joseph. The name of James R. K. Bell's third wife is unknown. All of his children were born at Mountain Home and grew up there.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSamuel Hays Bell married Bessie Arbuthnot on May 18, 1893. Together they had four daughters, Sarah James, Elizabeth, Mary Lou, and Margaret. They lived in Staunton on the land inherited from Francis Bell. Samuel Bell died in Staunton on June 26, 1903.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMary Louisa Bell married Dr. Kent Black at Rockwood November 14, 1894. Dr. Black graduated from the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College in 1875, he worked as physician and surgeon at the school until 1890. Dr. Black died in 1909, following his death Mary Louisa Bell Black moved back to Pulaski to live with her family, she died at Rockwood December 12, 1943.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFrank Bell married Ellen Gordan Kent, the granddaughter of David Fenton Kent, in 1889. They had eight children: Sarah Kent Bell born September 28, 1890, Gordon Cloyd Bell born January 16, 1892, Ellen Howe Bell born February 12, 1893, Francis Bell born August 16, 1894, Mary Lou Bell born July 1, 1896, Elizabeth Cloyd Bell born September 7, 1897, Samuel Hays Bell born May 16, 1901, and Agnes McGavock Bell born September 1, 1905. Frank Bell worked in the cattle business just like his father and grandfather, he was an accomplished business man and over the years he bought up the rest of the Rockwood property from his sister, Mary Louisa Bell Black. He died at Rockwood on December 21, 1939, just a few months after the celebration of his fiftieth wedding anniversary.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFrank Bell's son, Gordon Cloyd Bell married Mary Eliza Withrow on November 16, 1918. They had four sons, Edgar Withrow Bell, Gordon Cloyd Bell Jr., David Kent Bell, and Andrew Mathews Bell. Gordon Bell Sr. was a farmer and overseer of farm lands, he also served as the President of the Bank of Dublin. Mary Withrow Bell died September 30, 1938. Gordon Cloyd Sr. then married Lucy Preston King in October of 1942, they lived for a time in Phoenix, Arizona where Gordon Cloyd Bell Sr. died in 1965.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEdgar Withrow Bell, the eldest son of Gordon Cloyd and Mary Withrow Bell was born on October 27, 1919. He grew up in Dublin and attended Lees-McCrea College in North Carolina. He wrote articles about music trends and opened \"The Record Bar\" at Wysor Electric Appliance Co. in Dublin. He also served as a postal worker in Arlington where he died in November of 1971.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGordon Cloyd Bell Jr. was born in Dublin on May 13, 1921. He was a farmer and overseer of the Withrow and Bell lands in Pulaski County, VA. He also served on the board of the Bank of Dublin. He attended the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and Furman College before entering the armed services in January of 1943 and served with the Black Panther Division during World War II. Gordon Cloyd Bell Jr. died from a self-inflicted gunshot wound in September of 1967.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDavid Kent Bell was born in Dublin on April 5, 1925. David attended the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and graduated with the Class of 1949. He also served in the armed services during World War II. He married Beverly Ann Gould from Baltimore, together they had two children: Sheri Lynn Bell born April 30, 1957 and James Gordon Bell born March 3, 1959. David Kent and Beverly Gould divorced and he married Helga Lewandowski. David Kent Bell died January 26, 2003.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAndrew Mathews Bell was born in Dublin on July 14, 1932. He died October 26, 1948.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEllen Howe Bell was born February 12, 1893. She attended Mary Baldwin College. Ellen married Orrin Rankin Magill on September 30, 1915. Through the National YMCA, they moved to China where they lived for many years. Upon retiring, they moved to Blacksburg where they often entertained Chinese students attending Virginia Tech. Ellen Howe Bell Magill was elected the 1962 Mother of the Year in Blacksburg. She died January 19, 1968.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1918, Gordon Cloyd Bell married Mary Eliza Withrow. She was the granddaughter of James W. Withrow of Greenbrier County. James Withrow was born in Lewisburg, in what is now West Virginia, on October 23, 1818. Though not a licensed attorney he served as a judge and for many years, the Master Commissioner of the Circuit Court. He also represented the county in the state legislature where he served on the Judiciary Committee. He married Mary Jane Kincaid and had two sons, Edgar Daingerfield Withrow and Heber K. Withrow, and three daughters, Mrs. Helen Feamster, Miss Mary J. Withrow, and Mrs. Lucy Withrow Montgomery. James Withrow died June 26, 1901.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEdgar Daingerfield Withrow was born December 9, 1845. He married Mary See Renick on November 3, 1886. Edgar served in the Civil War as a member of Confederate company E of the 14th Virginia Cavalry. Edgar was captured at Berryville in 1864 and spent the end of the war at Camp Chare in Ohio. Following the War, Edgar went into business with his father, and later ran his own business selling agricultural implements. Together with Mary Renick, he had six daughters and one son: Mary Mathews Withrow, born September 16, 1887, died October 3, 1892; Annie Primrose Withrow, born January 26, 1889, died June 16, 1982; Mary Eliza Withrow, born November 29, 1892, died September 29, 1938; Helen Cameron Withrow, born January 9, 1895, died July 25, 1903; Letitia Renick Withrow, born July 1, 1897, died December 24, 1922; Geraldine Withrow, born August 1, 1901, died July 8, 1902; Edgar D. Withrow Jr., born July 8, 1903, died October 2, 1913. The Withrows moved to Pulaski County sometime around 1910. Edgar Withrow died March 9, 1926 and Mary Renick Withrow died January 7, 1929. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAnnie P. Withrow never married. She was very close with her nephews, Edgar, Gordon, David and Andrew Bell, and much of their correspondence was written to her. She attended the Lewisburg Female Institute beginning in 1907. Annie Withrow died in June of 1982.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLetitia R. Withrow was born July 1, 1897. She moved with her family to Dublin and graduated from Dublin High School. She then attended Stonewall Jackson College in Abingdon until the school burned in 1914. She then entered Hollins College in Roanoke, VA, following graduation she became a special student of voice under Professor A. Y. Cornell of New York for two years. In 1919, she took a job as Assistant Voice Teacher at Greenville Women's College in Greenville, South Carolina. She taught there for two years, and one year at Annville College in Annville, Pennsylvania. She left Annville College to return to New York in order to resume her training with Professor Cornell in preparation for a singing career. Shortly thereafter she returned home, where she died from influenza on December 24, 1922.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Family History"],"bioghist_tesim":["Gen. Gordon Cloyd was a descendant of David Cloyd. In 1764, Indians attacked the homestead of David Cloyd in Rockbridge County, Virginia. His wife, Margaret, was killed, as well as his son, John. Another son, Joseph Cloyd was away from the house at the time of the attack and was thus spared. David Cloyd passed away in 1792; Joseph Cloyd bought land and settled in Back Creek in present day Pulaski County in 1773. During the American Revolution, Joseph Cloyd served under Col. William Preston of Montgomery County. He is credited with saving Col. Preston's life when Preston was thrown from his horse during a skirmish at Wetzell's Mill in North Carolina. Following the war, Joseph Cloyd bought up more land in Pulaski County and built a brick house on Back Creek. ","Joseph Cloyd married Mary Gordon and together they had three sons, Gordon, David, and Thomas. Gordon and David married two sisters, Sallie and Elizabeth McGavock. The McGavock sisters were the daughters of James McGavock and Mary Cloyd, Joseph Cloyd's sister. James and Mary McGavock also had a third daughter, Margaret, who married Joseph Kent.","David Cloyd and Sallie McGavock had five children: Margaret, Joseph, Gordon, Cynthia, and James McGavock. James McGavock Cloyd married Frances E. McNutt on November 5, 1853, together they had on child, David, in January of 1855. Frances died on December 21, 1858. James then married Harriet J. Ernest on January 10, 1861. They had four children: Fanny Ernest, Lucy McGavock, Sally, and Harriet Gordon. James Cloyd lived at the homestead on Back Creek in Pulaski County that was originally settled by Col. Joseph Cloyd.","Gordon Cloyd commanded the 19th Brigade of the Virginia Militia during the War of 1812; he was later promoted to Major-General and thereafter was known as General Cloyd. He later served as a land surveyor for the Montgomery County area, and together with his brothers, purchased a tract of land along the New River know as Buchanan's Bottom. Gen. Gordon Cloyd and Elizabeth McGavock Cloyd together had six children, only two daughters, Mary and Elizabeth Cloyd survived. The two sisters married two brothers, James Randal and David Fenton Kent. David and James were the sons of Joseph Kent and Margaret McGavock Kent. Gordon Cloyd left the Buchanan's Bottom land to his daughter, Mary, and her husband, James Randal Kent. Elizabeth Kent and David Fenton Kent received the land at Back Creek and the house known as Springfield.","David Fenton Kent and Elizabeth Cloyd were married on January 2, 1834. Together they had seven children: Gordon Cloyd, born December 7, 1834, died November 11, 1837; an unnamed son, April 23, 1836 who lived eight days; Mary Elizabeth, born May 17, 1837, died December 14, 1837; James Randal, born August 15, 1838, died September 4, 1861; Sarah McGavock, born November 5, 1839, died March 9, 1891; Joseph Gordon, born March 22, 1841, died July 15, 1886; David Fenton, born May 17, 1844, died October 18, 1878. David F. Kent lived at the Springfield property and ran businesses with a Thomas Miller. He was reputed to have been an entertaining storyteller. David Fenton Kent died on January 28, 1850. Elizabeth Cloyd Kent outlived him by nineteen years, dying February 7, 1869.","James Randal Kent and Mary Cloyd Kent moved to Buchanan's Bottom and lived at first in the old Trigg house. Later, they built Kentland mansion, which stands to this day. Together James and Mary had five daughters, Elizabeth Cloyd, born 1819, Sarah James, born 1822, Mary Louisa, born 1824, Cynthia, born 1827, and Margaret Gordon, born 1840. James Randal Kent was an enslaver, prominent landowner, and successful farmer. He also held several minor public offices including Sheriff of Montgomery County from 1822 to 1823, he also served as a Justice and a land surveyor. Throughout the 1830s and 1840s, James Randal Kent bought up land, he owned around 8000 acres in 1860. In 1855, construction began on a resort at Montgomery White Sulphur Springs, a hotel that later served as a hospital during the American Civil War. In 1860, James Randal Kent became a founder of the Preston and Olin Institute, a Methodist school in Blacksburg that was the predecessor to present day Virginia Tech. He was among the wealthiest men in Montgomery County with an estimated wealth of $196,000. Kent was a staunch supporter of the Confederacy, he enslaved more than 100 people at the start of the war. He served as an organizer for the Confederate Army, as well as a supplier of foodstuffs, providing grain and beef to the Confederate Army all the way up to the day Lee surrendered at Appomattox. Though Kentland survived the war, many barns and out-buildings were burned, including the plantation office with the majority of James Kent's personal papers, and in 1867 his land was valued at 41% less than it had been in 1860. James Randal Kent died on May 29, 1867. ","Sarah James Kent, daughter of James Randal Kent, married Francis Bell, a cattle buyer from Staunton, in 1855. Together Sarah and Francis had four surviving children: twin sons, James Randal Kent Bell and Samuel Hays Bell in 1858, a daughter, Mary Louisa Bell in 1861, and Francis \"Frank\" Bell in 1864. They built a home on the land in Pulaski given to Sarah by her father. They lived at Mountain Home until the mid-1870s, when in 1872 Francis Bell purchased land from the Darsts and the Cloyds, their new home, Rockwood, was built c. 1876.","The four Bell children were well educated and all attended college for some period of time. Public schools were non-existent at this time, so a governess, Mary Eliza Sedgewick taught them while they lived at Mountain Home. James Randal Kent and Samuel Hays Bell both attended Washington College in Lexington from 1875 to 1877. Mary Louisa Bell went to Mary Baldwin College in Staunton. Frank Bell attended the Virginia Polytechnic Institute before transferring to the Virginia Military Institute and graduating with the class of 1885.","Sarah James Kent Bell died in April of 1884; Francis Bell followed her nine years later in 1893. In their will, all their land and properties were to be divided by the four children as they saw fit. James Randal Kent Bell received the Mountain Home properties, Samuel inherited the land in Augusta County, and Rockwood was split between Frank Bell and Mary Louisa Bell.","James Randal Kent Bell married three times. His first wife was Maria L. Sedgwick, the daughter of their governess, Mary Eliza Sedgewick, Maria died shortly after the birth of their daughter, Mary Peck Bell. His second wife was Lida Howell Whitsett, Lida died in January of 1902. Together they had five children, Amelia Louise, Elizabeth Kent, Sarah Frances, James, and Francis Joseph. The name of James R. K. Bell's third wife is unknown. All of his children were born at Mountain Home and grew up there.","Samuel Hays Bell married Bessie Arbuthnot on May 18, 1893. Together they had four daughters, Sarah James, Elizabeth, Mary Lou, and Margaret. They lived in Staunton on the land inherited from Francis Bell. Samuel Bell died in Staunton on June 26, 1903.","Mary Louisa Bell married Dr. Kent Black at Rockwood November 14, 1894. Dr. Black graduated from the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College in 1875, he worked as physician and surgeon at the school until 1890. Dr. Black died in 1909, following his death Mary Louisa Bell Black moved back to Pulaski to live with her family, she died at Rockwood December 12, 1943.","Frank Bell married Ellen Gordan Kent, the granddaughter of David Fenton Kent, in 1889. They had eight children: Sarah Kent Bell born September 28, 1890, Gordon Cloyd Bell born January 16, 1892, Ellen Howe Bell born February 12, 1893, Francis Bell born August 16, 1894, Mary Lou Bell born July 1, 1896, Elizabeth Cloyd Bell born September 7, 1897, Samuel Hays Bell born May 16, 1901, and Agnes McGavock Bell born September 1, 1905. Frank Bell worked in the cattle business just like his father and grandfather, he was an accomplished business man and over the years he bought up the rest of the Rockwood property from his sister, Mary Louisa Bell Black. He died at Rockwood on December 21, 1939, just a few months after the celebration of his fiftieth wedding anniversary.","Frank Bell's son, Gordon Cloyd Bell married Mary Eliza Withrow on November 16, 1918. They had four sons, Edgar Withrow Bell, Gordon Cloyd Bell Jr., David Kent Bell, and Andrew Mathews Bell. Gordon Bell Sr. was a farmer and overseer of farm lands, he also served as the President of the Bank of Dublin. Mary Withrow Bell died September 30, 1938. Gordon Cloyd Sr. then married Lucy Preston King in October of 1942, they lived for a time in Phoenix, Arizona where Gordon Cloyd Bell Sr. died in 1965.","Edgar Withrow Bell, the eldest son of Gordon Cloyd and Mary Withrow Bell was born on October 27, 1919. He grew up in Dublin and attended Lees-McCrea College in North Carolina. He wrote articles about music trends and opened \"The Record Bar\" at Wysor Electric Appliance Co. in Dublin. He also served as a postal worker in Arlington where he died in November of 1971.","Gordon Cloyd Bell Jr. was born in Dublin on May 13, 1921. He was a farmer and overseer of the Withrow and Bell lands in Pulaski County, VA. He also served on the board of the Bank of Dublin. He attended the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and Furman College before entering the armed services in January of 1943 and served with the Black Panther Division during World War II. Gordon Cloyd Bell Jr. died from a self-inflicted gunshot wound in September of 1967.","David Kent Bell was born in Dublin on April 5, 1925. David attended the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and graduated with the Class of 1949. He also served in the armed services during World War II. He married Beverly Ann Gould from Baltimore, together they had two children: Sheri Lynn Bell born April 30, 1957 and James Gordon Bell born March 3, 1959. David Kent and Beverly Gould divorced and he married Helga Lewandowski. David Kent Bell died January 26, 2003.","Andrew Mathews Bell was born in Dublin on July 14, 1932. He died October 26, 1948.","Ellen Howe Bell was born February 12, 1893. She attended Mary Baldwin College. Ellen married Orrin Rankin Magill on September 30, 1915. Through the National YMCA, they moved to China where they lived for many years. Upon retiring, they moved to Blacksburg where they often entertained Chinese students attending Virginia Tech. Ellen Howe Bell Magill was elected the 1962 Mother of the Year in Blacksburg. She died January 19, 1968.","In 1918, Gordon Cloyd Bell married Mary Eliza Withrow. She was the granddaughter of James W. Withrow of Greenbrier County. James Withrow was born in Lewisburg, in what is now West Virginia, on October 23, 1818. Though not a licensed attorney he served as a judge and for many years, the Master Commissioner of the Circuit Court. He also represented the county in the state legislature where he served on the Judiciary Committee. He married Mary Jane Kincaid and had two sons, Edgar Daingerfield Withrow and Heber K. Withrow, and three daughters, Mrs. Helen Feamster, Miss Mary J. Withrow, and Mrs. Lucy Withrow Montgomery. James Withrow died June 26, 1901.","Edgar Daingerfield Withrow was born December 9, 1845. He married Mary See Renick on November 3, 1886. Edgar served in the Civil War as a member of Confederate company E of the 14th Virginia Cavalry. Edgar was captured at Berryville in 1864 and spent the end of the war at Camp Chare in Ohio. Following the War, Edgar went into business with his father, and later ran his own business selling agricultural implements. Together with Mary Renick, he had six daughters and one son: Mary Mathews Withrow, born September 16, 1887, died October 3, 1892; Annie Primrose Withrow, born January 26, 1889, died June 16, 1982; Mary Eliza Withrow, born November 29, 1892, died September 29, 1938; Helen Cameron Withrow, born January 9, 1895, died July 25, 1903; Letitia Renick Withrow, born July 1, 1897, died December 24, 1922; Geraldine Withrow, born August 1, 1901, died July 8, 1902; Edgar D. Withrow Jr., born July 8, 1903, died October 2, 1913. The Withrows moved to Pulaski County sometime around 1910. Edgar Withrow died March 9, 1926 and Mary Renick Withrow died January 7, 1929. ","Annie P. Withrow never married. She was very close with her nephews, Edgar, Gordon, David and Andrew Bell, and much of their correspondence was written to her. She attended the Lewisburg Female Institute beginning in 1907. Annie Withrow died in June of 1982.","Letitia R. Withrow was born July 1, 1897. She moved with her family to Dublin and graduated from Dublin High School. She then attended Stonewall Jackson College in Abingdon until the school burned in 1914. She then entered Hollins College in Roanoke, VA, following graduation she became a special student of voice under Professor A. Y. Cornell of New York for two years. In 1919, she took a job as Assistant Voice Teacher at Greenville Women's College in Greenville, South Carolina. She taught there for two years, and one year at Annville College in Annville, Pennsylvania. She left Annville College to return to New York in order to resume her training with Professor Cornell in preparation for a singing career. Shortly thereafter she returned home, where she died from influenza on December 24, 1922."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the the Bell, Kent, Cloyd, Withrow Family Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the the Bell, Kent, Cloyd, Withrow Family Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], the Bell, Kent, Cloyd, Withrow Family Collection, Ms2008-040, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], the Bell, Kent, Cloyd, Withrow Family Collection, Ms2008-040, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Bell, Kent, Cloyd, Withrow Family Collection began in June 2008 and was completed in October 2008.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Bell, Kent, Cloyd, Withrow Family Collection began in June 2008 and was completed in October 2008."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_3149.xml\"\u003eA listing of individuals and families in the Biographical Vertical Files at Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives is available online,\u003c/a\u003e but files of particular interest may include:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003clist\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eBentley family (related to the Cloyd, Kent, and McGavock families)--this file contains a 2014 update to: Robert Gray's \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe McGavock Family. A Genealogical History of James McGavock and His Descendants from 1760 to 1903\u003c/title\u003e. Richmond: W.E. Jones, 1903. CS 71 .M144 1903 (copies in Special Collections and University Archives and Newman Library). \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/items/show/2684\"\u003eThe 2014 update is also available online.\u003c/a\u003e \u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eKent\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSee the following materials related to these families, which are also at Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1290.xml\"\u003eBlack, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers, Ms1974-003\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1474.xml\"\u003eJames Randal Kent Papers, Ms1987-031\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1779.xml\"\u003eElizabeth Kent Adams Papers, Ms1990-045\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_3537.xml\"\u003e\"Whitethorne Photographs of Kentland for Margaret K. Cowan\" Photograph Album, Ms2021-020\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_4314.xml\"\u003eFrancis Bell Letter, Ms2024-088\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Archival Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["A listing of individuals and families in the Biographical Vertical Files at Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives is available online,  but files of particular interest may include:","Bentley family (related to the Cloyd, Kent, and McGavock families)--this file contains a 2014 update to: Robert Gray's  The McGavock Family. A Genealogical History of James McGavock and His Descendants from 1760 to 1903 . Richmond: W.E. Jones, 1903. CS 71 .M144 1903 (copies in Special Collections and University Archives and Newman Library).  The 2014 update is also available online. Kent","See the following materials related to these families, which are also at Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives:","Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers, Ms1974-003","James Randal Kent Papers, Ms1987-031","Elizabeth Kent Adams Papers, Ms1990-045","\"Whitethorne Photographs of Kentland for Margaret K. Cowan\" Photograph Album, Ms2021-020","Francis Bell Letter, Ms2024-088"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Bell, Kent, Cloyd, Withrow Family Collection spans the dates 1780 to 1998. The collection contains the papers and business records of four prominent families from Montgomery County and Pulaski County, Virginia and Greenbrier County, West Virginia. Also included are documents relating to numerous other individuals and families from across Southwest Virginia and Southern West Virginia. Documents include correspondence, land deeds and warrants, as well as financial records including debt statements, receipts, account statements, and money orders. The collection is divided into thirteen major series: Gordon Cloyd Bell Sr. Papers, Edgar Withrow Bell Papers, Gordon Cloyd Bell Jr. Papers, David Kent Bell Papers, Bell Family Papers, James Withrow Papers, Edgar D. Withrow Papers, Annie P. Withrow Papers, Withrow Family Papers, Kent Family Papers, Cloyd Family Papers, Other Family Papers, and Other Materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries I: Gordon Cloyd Bell Sr. Papers: This series spans the years 1917 to 1962 and includes personal correspondence to and from Gordon Cloyd Bell Sr. as well as business correspondence and materials from Bell's time as the President of the Bank of Dublin in Dublin, VA. The series also contains bank statements from 1940 to 1941.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries II: Edgar Withrow Bell Papers: This series contains materials dating from 1919 to 1970, including a birth certificate for Edgar W. Bell. The papers are mainly personal in nature. There is extensive correspondence, dating from 1934 to 1970 as well as a scrapbook and some newspaper clippings. There is a limited amount of Edgar Bell's financial records including bank statements dating from 1942 to 1945.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries III: Gordon Cloyd Bell Jr. Papers: these papers date from 1921 to 1967. These papers include a birth certificate and academic records, as well as, land deeds, tax documents, and financial records. Also included are materials from Gordon Bell Jr.'s time in the military including correspondence from the time of his service in World War II. World War II materials also include a \"Save Conduct Leaflet.\" These leaflets were air dropped in Western Europe by Allied forces in order to aid in the surrender of German Soldiers, the leaflet in this collection was most likely the version distributed from December 1944 through April 1945, it contains both English and German text.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV: David Kent Bell Papers: These papers date from 1925 to 1978. They range in scope from David Bell's birth certificate and education records to financial records and insurance documents. Also included is correspondence, some of which dates from David Bell's service in World War II. Also from this period are military documents dating from 1943 to 1948.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries V: Bell Family Papers: This series is composed for documents from various members of the Bell family including James Bell, Mary Withrow Bell, Andrew Bell, Francis Bell, and Ellen Howe Bell Magill. These items range in date from 1834 to 1967. They include financial records for James Bell, along with correspondence from Mary Withrow Bell, Andrew Bell, and Ellen Howe Bell Magill. This series also contains information regarding the settlement of the estates of both Francis Bell and Mary Withrow Bell.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries VI: James Withrow Papers: This series contains material ranging in date from 1848 to 1910. The bulk of the material in this series is financial records for James Withrow's business in agriculture, including contracts, correspondence, checks, receipts, money orders, debt statements, and account statements. Also present are documents relating to the settlement of James Withrow's estate.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries VII: Edgar D. Withrow Papers: This series spans the dates 1864 through 1936. Included in this series are personal items including correspondence from Edgar Withrow's time as a Confederate Prisoner of War. Also included are records from the Greenbrier Light Infantry Grays of which Edgar Withrow was a member. The majority of this series is composed of financial records and business records from Edgar Withrow's business as an agricultural implements salesman.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries VIII: Annie Primrose Withrow Papers: These papers consist of personal correspondence and items dating from 1889 to 1981, including land deeds and other legal documents as well as a 1908 \"Greenbrier\" yearbook from the Lewisburg Female Institute.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries IX: The Withrow Family Papers: This series spans from 1870 to 1941, it contains materials from members of the Withrow family including business records from various businesses run by James Withrow and his son, Edgar, in addition to this are papers from Heber K. Withrow, Mary Renick Withrow, Helen Withrow, Mary E. Withrow, Mary J. Withrow, Letitia Withrow, and papers from Withrow Place as well as the Withrow Tourist Home.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries X: The Kent Family Papers: This series includes materials dating from 1814 to 1881. The series includes the correspondence and financial records of two prominent Southwest Virginia landowners, James Randal Kent and David Fenton Kent.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries XI: The Cloyd Family Papers: The Cloyd family papers include correspondence and financial records for Gordon, Mary, and James Cloyd. Also included are several land surveys done by Gordon Cloyd, a land surveyor for Southwest Virginia. These materials date from 1792 to 1866.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries XII: Other Family Papers: This series is composed of land warrants and deeds, financial records, and personal correspondence from numerous individuals and families from Southwest Virginia and what is now, Southern West Virginia. These materials range in date from 1780 to 1998 and are dived into two categories, those materials sorted by individual or family and items organized by category.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries XIII: Other Materials: This series is composed of magazines, booklets, brochures, and photographs that could not be identified as belonging to any one person or family. The series spans the dates 1901 through 1997.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Bell, Kent, Cloyd, Withrow Family Collection spans the dates 1780 to 1998. The collection contains the papers and business records of four prominent families from Montgomery County and Pulaski County, Virginia and Greenbrier County, West Virginia. Also included are documents relating to numerous other individuals and families from across Southwest Virginia and Southern West Virginia. Documents include correspondence, land deeds and warrants, as well as financial records including debt statements, receipts, account statements, and money orders. The collection is divided into thirteen major series: Gordon Cloyd Bell Sr. Papers, Edgar Withrow Bell Papers, Gordon Cloyd Bell Jr. Papers, David Kent Bell Papers, Bell Family Papers, James Withrow Papers, Edgar D. Withrow Papers, Annie P. Withrow Papers, Withrow Family Papers, Kent Family Papers, Cloyd Family Papers, Other Family Papers, and Other Materials. ","Series I: Gordon Cloyd Bell Sr. Papers: This series spans the years 1917 to 1962 and includes personal correspondence to and from Gordon Cloyd Bell Sr. as well as business correspondence and materials from Bell's time as the President of the Bank of Dublin in Dublin, VA. The series also contains bank statements from 1940 to 1941.","Series II: Edgar Withrow Bell Papers: This series contains materials dating from 1919 to 1970, including a birth certificate for Edgar W. Bell. The papers are mainly personal in nature. There is extensive correspondence, dating from 1934 to 1970 as well as a scrapbook and some newspaper clippings. There is a limited amount of Edgar Bell's financial records including bank statements dating from 1942 to 1945.","Series III: Gordon Cloyd Bell Jr. Papers: these papers date from 1921 to 1967. These papers include a birth certificate and academic records, as well as, land deeds, tax documents, and financial records. Also included are materials from Gordon Bell Jr.'s time in the military including correspondence from the time of his service in World War II. World War II materials also include a \"Save Conduct Leaflet.\" These leaflets were air dropped in Western Europe by Allied forces in order to aid in the surrender of German Soldiers, the leaflet in this collection was most likely the version distributed from December 1944 through April 1945, it contains both English and German text.","Series IV: David Kent Bell Papers: These papers date from 1925 to 1978. They range in scope from David Bell's birth certificate and education records to financial records and insurance documents. Also included is correspondence, some of which dates from David Bell's service in World War II. Also from this period are military documents dating from 1943 to 1948.","Series V: Bell Family Papers: This series is composed for documents from various members of the Bell family including James Bell, Mary Withrow Bell, Andrew Bell, Francis Bell, and Ellen Howe Bell Magill. These items range in date from 1834 to 1967. They include financial records for James Bell, along with correspondence from Mary Withrow Bell, Andrew Bell, and Ellen Howe Bell Magill. This series also contains information regarding the settlement of the estates of both Francis Bell and Mary Withrow Bell.","Series VI: James Withrow Papers: This series contains material ranging in date from 1848 to 1910. The bulk of the material in this series is financial records for James Withrow's business in agriculture, including contracts, correspondence, checks, receipts, money orders, debt statements, and account statements. Also present are documents relating to the settlement of James Withrow's estate.","Series VII: Edgar D. Withrow Papers: This series spans the dates 1864 through 1936. Included in this series are personal items including correspondence from Edgar Withrow's time as a Confederate Prisoner of War. Also included are records from the Greenbrier Light Infantry Grays of which Edgar Withrow was a member. The majority of this series is composed of financial records and business records from Edgar Withrow's business as an agricultural implements salesman.","Series VIII: Annie Primrose Withrow Papers: These papers consist of personal correspondence and items dating from 1889 to 1981, including land deeds and other legal documents as well as a 1908 \"Greenbrier\" yearbook from the Lewisburg Female Institute.","Series IX: The Withrow Family Papers: This series spans from 1870 to 1941, it contains materials from members of the Withrow family including business records from various businesses run by James Withrow and his son, Edgar, in addition to this are papers from Heber K. Withrow, Mary Renick Withrow, Helen Withrow, Mary E. Withrow, Mary J. Withrow, Letitia Withrow, and papers from Withrow Place as well as the Withrow Tourist Home.","Series X: The Kent Family Papers: This series includes materials dating from 1814 to 1881. The series includes the correspondence and financial records of two prominent Southwest Virginia landowners, James Randal Kent and David Fenton Kent.","Series XI: The Cloyd Family Papers: The Cloyd family papers include correspondence and financial records for Gordon, Mary, and James Cloyd. Also included are several land surveys done by Gordon Cloyd, a land surveyor for Southwest Virginia. These materials date from 1792 to 1866.","Series XII: Other Family Papers: This series is composed of land warrants and deeds, financial records, and personal correspondence from numerous individuals and families from Southwest Virginia and what is now, Southern West Virginia. These materials range in date from 1780 to 1998 and are dived into two categories, those materials sorted by individual or family and items organized by category.","Series XIII: Other Materials: This series is composed of magazines, booklets, brochures, and photographs that could not be identified as belonging to any one person or family. The series spans the dates 1901 through 1997."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_a5f70c760aaa388e4b03cbb66aec856e\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Bell, Kent, Cloyd, Withrow Family Collection contains the personal papers and financial records of members of four prominent families. Included are members of the Bell, Kent, Cloyd, and Withrow families, as well as, materials from related families and acquaintances. This is a diverse collection containing materials dating from 1780 to 1998. Items of interest include several Land Deeds and Warrant from the late 18th Century, including one signed by Benjamin Harrison, then Governor of Virginia; American Civil War correspondence from Confederate POW, Edgar Withrow; Regimental listings from the 19th Brigade of the Virginia Militia; and correspondence and military documents dating from World War II. The main collection contains materials from Gen. Gordon Cloyd, James Randal Kent, David Fenton Kent, Gordon Cloyd Bell Sr., David Kent Bell, James and Edgar Withrow, and many others.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Bell, Kent, Cloyd, Withrow Family Collection contains the personal papers and financial records of members of four prominent families. Included are members of the Bell, Kent, Cloyd, and Withrow families, as well as, materials from related families and acquaintances. This is a diverse collection containing materials dating from 1780 to 1998. Items of interest include several Land Deeds and Warrant from the late 18th Century, including one signed by Benjamin Harrison, then Governor of Virginia; American Civil War correspondence from Confederate POW, Edgar Withrow; Regimental listings from the 19th Brigade of the Virginia Militia; and correspondence and military documents dating from World War II. The main collection contains materials from Gen. Gordon Cloyd, James Randal Kent, David Fenton Kent, Gordon Cloyd Bell Sr., David Kent Bell, James and Edgar Withrow, and many others."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Withrow family","Cloyd family","Kent family","Bell family"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"names_coll_ssim":["Withrow family","Kent family","Cloyd family","Bell family"],"famname_ssim":["Withrow family","Cloyd family","Kent family","Bell family"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":221,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:26:01.919Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2361"}},{"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_230","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Ben Benson Collection","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_230#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Benson, Ralph Ben ","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_230#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Ben Benson Collection includes original portrait art of presidents and first ladies by Ben Benson, various formats of printed presidential iconography and related presidential and U.S. political memorabilia from George Washington to Barack Obama.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_230#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_230","ead_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_230","_root_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_230","_nest_parent_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_230","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WLU/repositories_5_resources_230.xml","title_ssm":["Ben Benson Collection"],"title_tesim":["Ben Benson Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["Inclusive 1789-2012"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["Inclusive 1789-2012"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["WLU.Coll.0386","/repositories/5/resources/230"],"text":["WLU.Coll.0386","/repositories/5/resources/230","Ben Benson Collection","Political collectibles","Campaign paraphernalia","Presidents -- Portraits","Presidents","Elections","The Ben Benson Collection includes original portrait art of presidents and first ladies by Ben Benson, various formats of printed presidential iconography and related presidential and U.S. political memorabilia from George Washington to Barack Obama.","Box 4, containing two documents, is housed in Oversize Drawer 27.","The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections.","Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Benson, Ralph Ben ","English"],"unitid_tesim":["WLU.Coll.0386","/repositories/5/resources/230"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Ben Benson Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Ben Benson Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Ben Benson Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"creator_ssm":["Benson, Ralph Ben "],"creator_ssim":["Benson, Ralph Ben "],"creator_persname_ssim":["Benson, Ralph Ben "],"creators_ssim":["Benson, Ralph Ben "],"access_terms_ssm":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Ben Benson."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Political collectibles","Campaign paraphernalia","Presidents -- Portraits","Presidents","Elections"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Political collectibles","Campaign paraphernalia","Presidents -- Portraits","Presidents","Elections"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["2 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePreferred citation: [Identification of item],Ben Benson Collection, WLU Coll. 0386, Special Collections and Archives, James G. Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA. \u003cp\u003eIn some cases the citation format may vary. Please contact Special Collections staff to verify the appropriate format.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Preferred citation: [Identification of item],Ben Benson Collection, WLU Coll. 0386, Special Collections and Archives, James G. Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA.  In some cases the citation format may vary. Please contact Special Collections staff to verify the appropriate format."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Ben Benson Collection includes original portrait art of presidents and first ladies by Ben Benson, various formats of printed presidential iconography and related presidential and U.S. political memorabilia from George Washington to Barack Obama.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Ben Benson Collection includes original portrait art of presidents and first ladies by Ben Benson, various formats of printed presidential iconography and related presidential and U.S. political memorabilia from George Washington to Barack Obama."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBox 4, containing two documents, is housed in Oversize Drawer 27.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Box 4, containing two documents, is housed in Oversize Drawer 27."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections."],"names_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Benson, Ralph Ben "],"corpname_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Benson, Ralph Ben "],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T22:14:48.388Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_230","ead_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_230","_root_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_230","_nest_parent_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_230","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WLU/repositories_5_resources_230.xml","title_ssm":["Ben Benson Collection"],"title_tesim":["Ben Benson Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["Inclusive 1789-2012"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["Inclusive 1789-2012"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["WLU.Coll.0386","/repositories/5/resources/230"],"text":["WLU.Coll.0386","/repositories/5/resources/230","Ben Benson Collection","Political collectibles","Campaign paraphernalia","Presidents -- Portraits","Presidents","Elections","The Ben Benson Collection includes original portrait art of presidents and first ladies by Ben Benson, various formats of printed presidential iconography and related presidential and U.S. political memorabilia from George Washington to Barack Obama.","Box 4, containing two documents, is housed in Oversize Drawer 27.","The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  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The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Ben Benson."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Political collectibles","Campaign paraphernalia","Presidents -- Portraits","Presidents","Elections"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Political collectibles","Campaign paraphernalia","Presidents -- Portraits","Presidents","Elections"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["2 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePreferred citation: [Identification of item],Ben Benson Collection, WLU Coll. 0386, Special Collections and Archives, James G. 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Please contact Special Collections staff to verify the appropriate format."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Ben Benson Collection includes original portrait art of presidents and first ladies by Ben Benson, various formats of printed presidential iconography and related presidential and U.S. political memorabilia from George Washington to Barack Obama.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Ben Benson Collection includes original portrait art of presidents and first ladies by Ben Benson, various formats of printed presidential iconography and related presidential and U.S. political memorabilia from George Washington to Barack Obama."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBox 4, containing two documents, is housed in Oversize Drawer 27.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Box 4, containing two documents, is housed in Oversize Drawer 27."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections."],"names_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Benson, Ralph Ben "],"corpname_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Benson, Ralph Ben "],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T22:14:48.388Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_230"}},{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_103","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Benjamin A. Banks Papers","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_103#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Banks, Benjamin A. (1884-1974)","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_103#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Lawyer and prominent member of the Norfolk Jewish community. Served on the Norfolk Board of Aldermen (1908-1911) and in the Virginia House of Delegates (1911-1913). Active in local, state and national politics. Includes personal and political correspondence, scrapbooks, letters to the editor, and photographs.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_103#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_103","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_103","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_103","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_103","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_5_resources_103.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archivesguides.lib.odu.edu/repositories/5/resources/103","title_filing_ssi":"Banks, Benjamin A.","title_ssm":["Benjamin A. Banks Papers"],"title_tesim":["Benjamin A. Banks Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1855-1974","Date acquired: 05/18/1976"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1855-1974"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 05/18/1976"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MG 6","/repositories/5/resources/103"],"text":["MG 6","/repositories/5/resources/103","Benjamin A. Banks Papers","Hampton Roads (Va.)--History--20th century","Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century","Legislators--Virginia--Hampton Roads","City council members--Virginia--Norfolk","Lawyers--Virginia--Norfolk","Publishers and publishing","Virginia--Politics and government--1865-1950","The collection is open to researchers without restrictions.","The materials are arranged chronologically and are organized into six series: Series I: Personal Papers; Series II: Political Papers; Series III: Scrapbooks; Series IV: Photographs; Series V: Books; and Series VI: Memorabilia.","Benjamin A. Banks (original family name Bonk) was born, according to his own testimony, on May 18, 1884, in Baltimore, Maryland. Soon after his father's death his family moved to Norfolk, Virginia, where they had relatives living. Banks received his only formal education in Norfolk's public schools. He then studied law on his own and was admitted to the Virginia Bar in November 1909. He continued to practice law until his death on April 27, 1974.","From 1908 through 1913, Banks served as editor and publisher of The Galaxy, a literary magazine which he hoped would enjoy critical and financial success not only in Norfolk but throughout the South. His colleague in this unsuccessful effort was local poet George Viett, who remained Banks' close friend until his death in 1943. Banks' first forays into the political arena in Norfolk were quite successful. He served on the Norfolk Board of Alderman from 1908 to 1911 at which point he resigned to take up the seat he had recently won in the Virginia House of Delegates. Banks did not run for reelection however, and all his subsequent attempts to return to public office: Virginia State Senate (1923); Commonwealth's Attorney for Norfolk (1925); House of Delegates (1933, 1937) ended in defeat. Nonetheless, he played an active role in Norfolk's Democratic politics from the 1900's through the 1940's. He participated in most local election campaigns and was frequently called on to make radio speeches on behalf of the candidates. For example, he successfully supported Norman Hamilton against Colgate Darden for Congress in 1936 and then aided Darden to defeat Hamilton in 1938. Banks was elected Norfolk chairman of the Virginia Liberal League in 1918 and, in 1937, he helped found the Citizen's Democratic League, a group that supported candidates against the dominant local Democratic organization, with only limited success, until its demise in the early 1940's. Banks was also an active campaigner for Democratic presidential candidates from Woodrow Wilson to George McGovern. He was particularly active in the Roosevelt clubs that developed in the 1930's.","Banks was a prominent member of the Norfolk Jewish community and was especially interested in promoting better understanding among Christians and Jews. He worked toward this goal in many letters written to local newspapers, especially in his annual Christmas \"epistles.\" His numerous letters to the editors of the leading Norfolk and Richmond newspapers dealt with many topics, more often with political issues - local, state, and national. Their range-from Prohibition and the Ku Klux Klan to Vietnam and Watergate - symbolize the length of his concerns with political issues. Bank's letters also won him plaudits from many members of the Tidewater community and from political figures throughout the entire Commonwealth of Virginia.","Note written by James F. Walsh","The papers of Benjamin Banks include letters to the editor, speeches, and literary materials. Political papers span Banks' political career (1908-1913) and his continuing involvement in political issues through the 1940's. Also included in the collection are scrapbooks of newspaper clippings, photographs, memorabilia, and Manuals of the Senate and House of Delegates of Virginia.","This series includes personal correspondence; \"Letters to the Editor\"; miscellaneous material re. Judaism, Christianity, and their relationship; speeches and material for speeches; Literary materials for and copies of The Galaxy; papers relating to George Viett, Norfolk poet-author. Oversized memorabilia are stored in the dropfront box.","Woodrow Wilson Inauguration Issue, March, 1913. Bound Volumes The Galaxy: Vols. I \u0026II, September 1907-August 1909; Vols. III \u0026IV, September 1909 - October 1913","Perhaps written by Banks","Photocopies with partial English translation.","This series includes material regarding Banks' own short political career (1908-1913), his involvement in Norfolk politics, and his participation in presidential campaigns in Virginia (especially in Norfolk) throughout this same period. Also contains correspondence relating to his largely unsuccessful efforts to obtain patronage jobs from both the Wilson and Roosevelt Administrations.","This series contains newspaper clippings and some correspondence regarding his political activities; clippings of letters to the editors; some items relating to Judaism.","This series includes a small number of miscellaneous photographs.","This series contains three books from Banks' personal library as well as manuals of the Senate and House of Delegates of Virginia.","This series includes Banks' law license, certificates, and photographs.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","Lawyer and prominent member of the Norfolk Jewish community. Served on the Norfolk Board of Aldermen (1908-1911) and in the Virginia House of Delegates (1911-1913). Active in local, state and national politics. Includes personal and political correspondence, scrapbooks, letters to the editor, and photographs.","ODU Community Collections","Virginia. General Assembly. House of Delegates","Virginia. General Assembly","Banks, Benjamin A. (1884-1974)","English Yiddish"],"unitid_tesim":["MG 6","/repositories/5/resources/103"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Benjamin A. Banks Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Benjamin A. Banks Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Benjamin A. Banks Papers"],"repository_ssm":["Old Dominion University"],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"geogname_ssm":["Hampton Roads (Va.)--History--20th century","Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Hampton Roads (Va.)--History--20th century","Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century"],"creator_ssm":["Banks, Benjamin A. (1884-1974)"],"creator_ssim":["Banks, Benjamin A. (1884-1974)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Banks, Benjamin A. (1884-1974)"],"creators_ssim":["Banks, Benjamin A. (1884-1974)"],"places_ssim":["Hampton Roads (Va.)--History--20th century","Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Helen G. Banks","Gift. Accession #A76-15"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Legislators--Virginia--Hampton Roads","City council members--Virginia--Norfolk","Lawyers--Virginia--Norfolk","Publishers and publishing","Virginia--Politics and government--1865-1950"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Legislators--Virginia--Hampton Roads","City council members--Virginia--Norfolk","Lawyers--Virginia--Norfolk","Publishers and publishing","Virginia--Politics and government--1865-1950"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["10.20 Linear Feet","18 Hollinger document cases; 1 Hollinger dropfront print box; 1 oversize box boxes"],"extent_tesim":["10.20 Linear Feet","18 Hollinger document cases; 1 Hollinger dropfront print box; 1 oversize box boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1976],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to researchers without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to researchers without restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials are arranged chronologically and are organized into six series: Series I: Personal Papers; Series II: Political Papers; Series III: Scrapbooks; Series IV: Photographs; Series V: Books; and Series VI: Memorabilia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The materials are arranged chronologically and are organized into six series: Series I: Personal Papers; Series II: Political Papers; Series III: Scrapbooks; Series IV: Photographs; Series V: Books; and Series VI: Memorabilia."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBenjamin A. Banks (original family name Bonk) was born, according to his own testimony, on May 18, 1884, in Baltimore, Maryland. Soon after his father's death his family moved to Norfolk, Virginia, where they had relatives living. Banks received his only formal education in Norfolk's public schools. He then studied law on his own and was admitted to the Virginia Bar in November 1909. He continued to practice law until his death on April 27, 1974.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFrom 1908 through 1913, Banks served as editor and publisher of The Galaxy, a literary magazine which he hoped would enjoy critical and financial success not only in Norfolk but throughout the South. His colleague in this unsuccessful effort was local poet George Viett, who remained Banks' close friend until his death in 1943. Banks' first forays into the political arena in Norfolk were quite successful. He served on the Norfolk Board of Alderman from 1908 to 1911 at which point he resigned to take up the seat he had recently won in the Virginia House of Delegates. Banks did not run for reelection however, and all his subsequent attempts to return to public office: Virginia State Senate (1923); Commonwealth's Attorney for Norfolk (1925); House of Delegates (1933, 1937) ended in defeat. Nonetheless, he played an active role in Norfolk's Democratic politics from the 1900's through the 1940's. He participated in most local election campaigns and was frequently called on to make radio speeches on behalf of the candidates. For example, he successfully supported Norman Hamilton against Colgate Darden for Congress in 1936 and then aided Darden to defeat Hamilton in 1938. Banks was elected Norfolk chairman of the Virginia Liberal League in 1918 and, in 1937, he helped found the Citizen's Democratic League, a group that supported candidates against the dominant local Democratic organization, with only limited success, until its demise in the early 1940's. Banks was also an active campaigner for Democratic presidential candidates from Woodrow Wilson to George McGovern. He was particularly active in the Roosevelt clubs that developed in the 1930's.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBanks was a prominent member of the Norfolk Jewish community and was especially interested in promoting better understanding among Christians and Jews. He worked toward this goal in many letters written to local newspapers, especially in his annual Christmas \"epistles.\" His numerous letters to the editors of the leading Norfolk and Richmond newspapers dealt with many topics, more often with political issues - local, state, and national. Their range-from Prohibition and the Ku Klux Klan to Vietnam and Watergate - symbolize the length of his concerns with political issues. Bank's letters also won him plaudits from many members of the Tidewater community and from political figures throughout the entire Commonwealth of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNote written by James F. Walsh\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Benjamin A. Banks (original family name Bonk) was born, according to his own testimony, on May 18, 1884, in Baltimore, Maryland. Soon after his father's death his family moved to Norfolk, Virginia, where they had relatives living. Banks received his only formal education in Norfolk's public schools. He then studied law on his own and was admitted to the Virginia Bar in November 1909. He continued to practice law until his death on April 27, 1974.","From 1908 through 1913, Banks served as editor and publisher of The Galaxy, a literary magazine which he hoped would enjoy critical and financial success not only in Norfolk but throughout the South. His colleague in this unsuccessful effort was local poet George Viett, who remained Banks' close friend until his death in 1943. Banks' first forays into the political arena in Norfolk were quite successful. He served on the Norfolk Board of Alderman from 1908 to 1911 at which point he resigned to take up the seat he had recently won in the Virginia House of Delegates. Banks did not run for reelection however, and all his subsequent attempts to return to public office: Virginia State Senate (1923); Commonwealth's Attorney for Norfolk (1925); House of Delegates (1933, 1937) ended in defeat. Nonetheless, he played an active role in Norfolk's Democratic politics from the 1900's through the 1940's. He participated in most local election campaigns and was frequently called on to make radio speeches on behalf of the candidates. For example, he successfully supported Norman Hamilton against Colgate Darden for Congress in 1936 and then aided Darden to defeat Hamilton in 1938. Banks was elected Norfolk chairman of the Virginia Liberal League in 1918 and, in 1937, he helped found the Citizen's Democratic League, a group that supported candidates against the dominant local Democratic organization, with only limited success, until its demise in the early 1940's. Banks was also an active campaigner for Democratic presidential candidates from Woodrow Wilson to George McGovern. He was particularly active in the Roosevelt clubs that developed in the 1930's.","Banks was a prominent member of the Norfolk Jewish community and was especially interested in promoting better understanding among Christians and Jews. He worked toward this goal in many letters written to local newspapers, especially in his annual Christmas \"epistles.\" His numerous letters to the editors of the leading Norfolk and Richmond newspapers dealt with many topics, more often with political issues - local, state, and national. Their range-from Prohibition and the Ku Klux Klan to Vietnam and Watergate - symbolize the length of his concerns with political issues. Bank's letters also won him plaudits from many members of the Tidewater community and from political figures throughout the entire Commonwealth of Virginia.","Note written by James F. Walsh"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 1, General, 1910-1973, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 2, Polan Banks, 1943-1974, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 3, Annie, 1914, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 4, Caroline, 1912, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 5, Ernestine, 1921, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 6, Hortense, 1919, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 7, Hortense, 1919-1921, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 8, Correspondence re: Education League Scholarship, 1906, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 2, Folder 1, Letters re. Press, undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 2, Folder 2, Correspondence with Editors of Virginian-Pilot, 1924-1972, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 2, Folder 3, Correspondence with Editors of Norfolk Ledger-Dispatch, Richmond Times-Dispatch, 1944-1971, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 2, Folder 4, Virginian-Pilot, 1924-1963, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 2, Folder 5, Virginian-Pilot, 1964-1972, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 2, Folder 6, Norfolk Ledger-Dispatch, 1916-1959, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 2, Folder 7, Norfolk Ledger-Dispatch, 1960-1972, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 2, Folder 8, Richmond News-Leader; Richmond Times-Dispatch, 1942-1973, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 2, Folder 9, Miscellaneous Papers, 1940-1968, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 2, Folder 10, Unknown Papers, 1907-1956, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 2, Folder 11, Tributes to Others, 1943-1973, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 2, Folder 12, \"Fan Letters\": General, 1948-1973, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 2, Folder 13, \"Fan Letters\": Irving Kline, 1958-1974, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 2, Folder 14, \"Fan Letters\": Miscellaneous Political Figures, 1940-1974, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 2, Folder 15, \"Fan Letters\": Colgate Darden; Floyd Kellam; Richard Kellam; Sydney Kellam, 1953-1973, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 3, Folder 1, Clippings, 1920-1929, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 3, Folder 2, Clippings, 1930-1939, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 3, Folder 3, Clippings, 1940-1949, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 3, Folder 4, Clippings, 1950-1959, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 3, Folder 5, Clippings, 1960-1969, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 3, Folder 6, Clippings, 1970-1974, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 3, Folder 7, Clippings, undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 3, Folder 8, Material re: Press Handling of Letters to the Editor, undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 3, Folder 9, Newspaper Clippings re: Banks, undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 3, Folder 10, Banks' Speeches before Group, 1940-1970, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 3, Folder 11, Material re: Banks' Involvement, 1944-1946, 1948, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 3, Folder 12, Material re: Lodge #10 (Norfolk), 1943-1967, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 3, Folder 13, Material re: National Organization, undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 3, Folder 14, Correspondence; Misc. material re. relationship with Banks, 1912-1972, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 3, Folder 15, Documents; Newspaper Clippings, 1920-1974, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 3, Folder 16, Miscellaneous Items, undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 4, Folder 1, Index to Scrapbooks; The Galaxy; Letters, undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 4, Folder 2, Misc. Material re: The Galaxy, 1907-1913, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 4, Folder 3, The Galaxy, 1907-1913, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 5, Folder 1, Aphorisms; Quotations, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 5, Folder 2, Bibliographies, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 5, Folder 3, Clippings; Articles; Poems, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 5, Folder 4, Miscellaneous, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 5, Folder 5, Speeches on Miscellaneous Topics, undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 5, Folder 6, Material for Speeches, undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 5, Folder 7, Speeches Given by Others, undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 5, Folder 8, Speeches to Others; Speeches; Written Pieces, undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 5, Folder 9, The Bitter Pill or The Hot Twenty-Five, Yiddish Play Manuscript by Hyman Goodman, circa 1920-1940, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 6, Folder 1, Published Works; Memorabilia, 1910-1930, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 6, Folder 2, Miscellaneous Unpublished Writings, 1900-1943, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 6, Folder 3, Letters to the Editor, 1903-1941, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 6, Folder 4, Miscellaneous Correspondence, 1918-1941, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 6, Folder 5, Clippings of Letters to the Editor, 1910-1919, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 6, Folder 6, Clippings of Letters to the Editor, 1920-1929, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 6, Folder 7, Clippings of Letters to the Editor, 1930-1939, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 6, Folder 8, Clippings of Letters to the Editor, 1940-1943, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 6, Folder 9, Clippings of Letters to the Editor, undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 6, Folder 10, Letters, Columns Written under Gifo G. Everett Pen Name, 1920-1929, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 6, Folder 11, Correspondence re: Viett-Banks Dispute, 1919 May, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 6, Folder 12, Viett's Death, 1943, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 6, Folder 13, Misc. Items about Viett, 1900-1943, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 6, Folder 14, Disposition of Viett's Personal Papers, 1943, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 7, Folder 1, General Material on Religion, undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 7, Folder 2, General: Versions of speech on \"Law and Religion\", undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 7, Folder 3, General: Liberty, A Magazine of Religious Freedom, (Misc. Copies), 1946, 1963, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 7, Folder 4, Miscellaneous Material, undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 7, Folder 5, Miscellaneous Articles, 1820-1966, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 7, Folder 6, Miscellaneous Newspaper Clippings, 1900-1970, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 7, Folder 7, Publications of the American Board of Missions to the Jews, 1950-1960, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 7, Folder 8, Christmas Letters to Editors (Largely to Norfolk Press), 1947-1968, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 7, Folder 9, Miscellaneous Correspondence, undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 8, Folder 1, Misc. Speeches and Written Pieces (Banks), undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 8, Folder 2, Miscellaneous Material (Banks), undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 8, Folder 3, Letters to the Editor (Largely Norfolk Press), 1915-1972, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 8, Folder 4, Jefferson Society of Norfolk (Jewish Discussion Group), 1906-1911, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 8, Folder 5, Norfolk Jewish Community: Miscellaneous Material, 1948-1955, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 8, Folder 6, Correspondence with American Jewish Archives, 1970-1973, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 8, Folder 7, List of Items Sent to American Jewish Archives, 1970, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 8, Folder 8, Correspondence with Rabbi Harold D. Hahn, 1964-1973, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 8, Folder 9, Correspondence with Rabbi Alan Steinbach; Miscellaneous Material re: Steinbach, 1923-1972, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 8, Folder 10, Misc. Correspondence, 1948-1972, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 9, Folder 1, Misc. Articles, 1889-1965, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 9, Folder 2, Misc. Newspaper Clippings, 1900-1967, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 9, Folder 3, Misc. Publications re: Judaism, 1946-1960, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 9, Folder 4, American Judaism, 1957-1965, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 9, Folder 5, Misc. Writings on Zionism (Banks), 1915-1969, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 9, Folder 6, Misc. Newspaper clippings re: Zionism, 1915-1970, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 9, Folder 7, Misc. Non-Jewish Publications re: Zionism, 1948, 1969, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 9, Folder 8, The New Palestine; Congress Weekly, 1948-1950, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 9, Folder 9, B'nai B'rith Publications, 1910-1913, 1960, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 9, Folder 10, Misc. B'nai B'rith Material (Banks), undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 10, Folder 1, Self-Summary of Banks' Political Career, 1910-1960, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 10, Folder 2, Service on Norfolk Board of Aldermen, 1908-1911, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 10, Folder 3, \"Norfolk, Virginia\": Booklet Prepared by Banks for Industrial Commission, 1909, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 10, Folder 4, Controversy over Banks' Origins: General, 1911-1912, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 10, Folder 5, Controversy over Banks' Origins: Dispute within B'nai B'rith Lodge, 1912-1913, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 10, Folder 6, Miscellaneous Material, 1911-1913, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 10, Folder 7, Speeches in House, 1912, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 10, Folder 8, Bills Introduced, 1912, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 10, Folder 9, Campaign for State Senate, 1923, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 10, Folder 10, Campaign for Commonwealth's Attorney, 1925, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 10, Folder 11, Campaign for House of Delegates, 1933, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 10, Folder 12, Hamilton-Darden Congressional Campaign, 1936, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 10, Folder 13, Misc. Material re: Goals of Group, 1937-1940, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 10, Folder 14, Misc. Campaign Material, 1937-1940, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 10, Folder 15, Newspaper Clippings, 1937, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 10, Folder 16, Hamilton-Darden Congressional Campaign: Banks' Speeches, 1938, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 10, Folder 17, Hamilton-Darden Campaign: Campaign Materials, 1938, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 11, Folder 1, 1940 City Council Election, 1940, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 11, Folder 2, Special Election, 2nd Congressional District, 1941, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 11, Folder 3, Citizens' Democratic League: Miscellaneous Material, 1940-1949, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 11, Folder 4, Miscellaneous Material, 1960-1969, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 11, Folder 5, E. Vincent Wyatt Campaign for City Treasurer, 1965-1966, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 11, Folder 6, Miscellaneous Banks' Speeches, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 11, Folder 7, A. Willis Robertson's U. S. Senate Campaign, 1966, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 11, Folder 8, Henry Howell's Gubernatorial Campaign, 1969, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 11, Folder 9, Misc. Banks' Speeches re: Statewide Elections, 1910-1950, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 11, Folder 10, Wilson Campaign and Administration, 1912-1918, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 11, Folder 11, Al Smith Campaign: Banks' Speech, 1928, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 11, Folder 12, Roosevelt Campaigns: Correspondence, 1932-1944, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 11, Folder 13, Roosevelt Campaigns: Miscellaneous Material, 1932-1936, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 11, Folder 14, Roosevelt Campaigns: Bank's Speeches, 1932-1944, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 11, Folder 15, Roosevelt Administrations: Miscellaneous Material, 1933-1939, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 11, Folder 16, 1952 Campaign: Miscellaneous Material, 1952, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 11, Folder 17, 1960 Campaign: Miscellaneous Material, 1960, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 11, Folder 18, 1968 Campaign: Letters to the Editor, 1968 September-October, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 12, Folder 1, Miscellaneous, 1907-1971, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 12, Folder 2, Norman Hamilton, 1934-1936, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 12, Folder 3, Norman Hamilton (After Election to Congress), 1936-1937, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 12, Folder 4, Colgate Darden: General, 1935-1969, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 12, Folder 5, Correspondence with Wilson Administration re: Government Job, 1912-1918, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 12, Folder 6, Correspondence with Virginia Politicians re: Support for Job in Wilson Administration, 1913-1920, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 12, Folder 7, Correspondence with Simon Wolf re: Efforts to Obtain Government Job, 1914, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 12, Folder 8, Applications for Collectorship of Port of Norfolk, 1914, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 12, Folder 9, Correspondence with Department of Justice re: Government Job,, 1933-1934, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 12, Folder 10, Correspondence with Department of Justice re: Job Obtained in War Risk Insurance Office, 1934-1936, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 12, Folder 11, Misc. Correspondence re: Department of Justice Jobs, 1933-1934, 1936, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 12, Folder 12, Correspondence with Harry Byrd, Sr. re: Department of Justice Job, undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 12, Folder 13, Correspondence with Colgate Darden re: Department of Justice Job, 1933-1934, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 12, Folder 14, Correspondence with Bernard Baruch re: Department of Justice Job, 1934, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 13, Folder 1, Correspondence with Treasury Department re: Government Job, 1934-1939, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 13, Folder 2, Misc. Correpondence re: Government Jobs (Largely with Colgate Darden), 1939-1942, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 13, Folder 3, Correspondence with Congressmen Winder Harris re: Government Job, 1942, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 13, Folder 4, Material re: \"Negro Problem\" - Including Supreme Court's Role, 1903-1958, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 13, Folder 5, \"Legal Articles: (Considerable Material re: Supreme Court), 1920-1970, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 13, Folder 6, The Growler: Norfolk Political Weekly, 1905, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 13, Folder 7, The Free-Lance: Norfolk Political Weekly, 1905, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 13, Folder 8, The Free-Lance, 1906, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 14, Folder 1, Index to Scrapbooks, undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 14, Folder 2, Book #1: pp. 1-36 (Largely Political), 1906-1912, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 14, Folder 3, Book #1: pp. 37-71 (Largely Political), 1906-1912, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 14, Folder 4, Book #3: pp. 1-38 (Largely Political), 1924-1958, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 14, Folder 5, Book #3: pp. 38-78 (Largely Political), 1924-1958, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 14, Folder 6, Book #4 : pp. 38-78 (Largely Political), 1912-1924, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBound Volume Letters to Editors; Miscellaneous Newspaper clippings, 1906-1972, Box 15, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 16, Folder 1, \"Political and Campaign Scrapbook\" (Presidential Campaigns), 1912, 1932-1934, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 16, Folder 2, Untitled Scrapbook: Jewish Topics; Items from The Galaxy, 1906-1913, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 17, Folder 1, Woodrow Wilson Visit to Richmond, 1912, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 17, Folder 2, B.A. Banks in Law Office, circa 1920-1929, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 17, Folder 3, Bank's State Senate Campaign, 1923, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 17, Folder 4, Miscellaneous Photographs, circa 1920-1968, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 17, Folder 5, Photocopies of Views from Church and Main Streets in Norfolk, Virginia, circa 1887-1900, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotograph of Norfolk Industrial Commission, circa 1909, Oversize Box 19, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotograph of 7th Annual Harbors and Rivers Congress, Washington, D.C., 1910 December 18, Oversize Box 19, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGroup Portrait of 1912 Virginia House of Delegates, 1912, Oversize Box 19, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopy of Correspondence between Robert Morton Hughes and Harry Flood Byrd, 1929, Oversize Box 19, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLarge Photograph of the Norfolk Bar Association, 1922, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLarge Photograph of the Virginia General Assembly with Woodrow Wilson, 1912, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlanders, Henry. The Lives and Times of the Chief Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States. Vol. I: John Jay-John Rutledge. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Grambo \u0026amp; Co., 1855, Oversize Box 18, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarris, Joel Chandler. Life of Henry W. Grady. New York: Casssell, 1890, Oversize Box 18, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eU. S. House of Representatives. Henry D. Flood. Memorial Addresses Delivered in Congress. Washington, D.C.: Gov't. Printing Office, 1922, Oversize Box 18, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eManual of the Senate and House of Delegates, Virginia., 1908-1934, Oversize Box 18, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLicense to Practice Law in Virginia, 1909 November 12, Oversize Box 19, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCertificate of Election to the House of Delegates, 1911 November 27, Oversize Box 19, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCommendation From Italian Societies of Norfolk, 1912, Oversize Box 19, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAuthorization to Plead Cases Before the U.S. Supreme Court, 1929 January 21, Oversize Box 19, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 1, General, 1910-1973, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 2, Polan Banks, 1943-1974, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 3, Annie, 1914, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 4, Caroline, 1912, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 5, Ernestine, 1921, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 6, Hortense, 1919, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 7, Hortense, 1919-1921, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 8, Correspondence re: Education League Scholarship, 1906, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 2, Folder 1, Letters re. Press, undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 2, Folder 2, Correspondence with Editors of Virginian-Pilot, 1924-1972, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 2, Folder 3, Correspondence with Editors of Norfolk Ledger-Dispatch, Richmond Times-Dispatch, 1944-1971, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 2, Folder 4, Virginian-Pilot, 1924-1963, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 2, Folder 5, Virginian-Pilot, 1964-1972, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 2, Folder 6, Norfolk Ledger-Dispatch, 1916-1959, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 2, Folder 7, Norfolk Ledger-Dispatch, 1960-1972, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 2, Folder 8, Richmond News-Leader; Richmond Times-Dispatch, 1942-1973, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 2, Folder 9, Miscellaneous Papers, 1940-1968, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 2, Folder 10, Unknown Papers, 1907-1956, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 2, Folder 11, Tributes to Others, 1943-1973, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 2, Folder 12, \"Fan Letters\": General, 1948-1973, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 2, Folder 13, \"Fan Letters\": Irving Kline, 1958-1974, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 2, Folder 14, \"Fan Letters\": Miscellaneous Political Figures, 1940-1974, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 2, Folder 15, \"Fan Letters\": Colgate Darden; Floyd Kellam; Richard Kellam; Sydney Kellam, 1953-1973, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 3, Folder 1, Clippings, 1920-1929, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 3, Folder 2, Clippings, 1930-1939, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 3, Folder 3, Clippings, 1940-1949, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 3, Folder 4, Clippings, 1950-1959, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 3, Folder 5, Clippings, 1960-1969, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 3, Folder 6, Clippings, 1970-1974, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 3, Folder 7, Clippings, undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 3, Folder 8, Material re: Press Handling of Letters to the Editor, undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 3, Folder 9, Newspaper Clippings re: Banks, undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 3, Folder 10, Banks' Speeches before Group, 1940-1970, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 3, Folder 11, Material re: Banks' Involvement, 1944-1946, 1948, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 3, Folder 12, Material re: Lodge #10 (Norfolk), 1943-1967, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 3, Folder 13, Material re: National Organization, undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 3, Folder 14, Correspondence; Misc. material re. relationship with Banks, 1912-1972, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 3, Folder 15, Documents; Newspaper Clippings, 1920-1974, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 3, Folder 16, Miscellaneous Items, undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 4, Folder 1, Index to Scrapbooks; The Galaxy; Letters, undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 4, Folder 2, Misc. Material re: The Galaxy, 1907-1913, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 4, Folder 3, The Galaxy, 1907-1913, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 5, Folder 1, Aphorisms; Quotations, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 5, Folder 2, Bibliographies, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 5, Folder 3, Clippings; Articles; Poems, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 5, Folder 4, Miscellaneous, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 5, Folder 5, Speeches on Miscellaneous Topics, undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 5, Folder 6, Material for Speeches, undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 5, Folder 7, Speeches Given by Others, undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 5, Folder 8, Speeches to Others; Speeches; Written Pieces, undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 5, Folder 9, The Bitter Pill or The Hot Twenty-Five, Yiddish Play Manuscript by Hyman Goodman, circa 1920-1940, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 6, Folder 1, Published Works; Memorabilia, 1910-1930, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 6, Folder 2, Miscellaneous Unpublished Writings, 1900-1943, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 6, Folder 3, Letters to the Editor, 1903-1941, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 6, Folder 4, Miscellaneous Correspondence, 1918-1941, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 6, Folder 5, Clippings of Letters to the Editor, 1910-1919, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 6, Folder 6, Clippings of Letters to the Editor, 1920-1929, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 6, Folder 7, Clippings of Letters to the Editor, 1930-1939, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 6, Folder 8, Clippings of Letters to the Editor, 1940-1943, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 6, Folder 9, Clippings of Letters to the Editor, undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 6, Folder 10, Letters, Columns Written under Gifo G. Everett Pen Name, 1920-1929, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 6, Folder 11, Correspondence re: Viett-Banks Dispute, 1919 May, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 6, Folder 12, Viett's Death, 1943, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 6, Folder 13, Misc. Items about Viett, 1900-1943, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 6, Folder 14, Disposition of Viett's Personal Papers, 1943, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 7, Folder 1, General Material on Religion, undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 7, Folder 2, General: Versions of speech on \"Law and Religion\", undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 7, Folder 3, General: Liberty, A Magazine of Religious Freedom, (Misc. Copies), 1946, 1963, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 7, Folder 4, Miscellaneous Material, undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 7, Folder 5, Miscellaneous Articles, 1820-1966, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 7, Folder 6, Miscellaneous Newspaper Clippings, 1900-1970, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 7, Folder 7, Publications of the American Board of Missions to the Jews, 1950-1960, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 7, Folder 8, Christmas Letters to Editors (Largely to Norfolk Press), 1947-1968, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 7, Folder 9, Miscellaneous Correspondence, undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 8, Folder 1, Misc. Speeches and Written Pieces (Banks), undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 8, Folder 2, Miscellaneous Material (Banks), undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 8, Folder 3, Letters to the Editor (Largely Norfolk Press), 1915-1972, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 8, Folder 4, Jefferson Society of Norfolk (Jewish Discussion Group), 1906-1911, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 8, Folder 5, Norfolk Jewish Community: Miscellaneous Material, 1948-1955, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 8, Folder 6, Correspondence with American Jewish Archives, 1970-1973, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 8, Folder 7, List of Items Sent to American Jewish Archives, 1970, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 8, Folder 8, Correspondence with Rabbi Harold D. Hahn, 1964-1973, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 8, Folder 9, Correspondence with Rabbi Alan Steinbach; Miscellaneous Material re: Steinbach, 1923-1972, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 8, Folder 10, Misc. Correspondence, 1948-1972, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 9, Folder 1, Misc. Articles, 1889-1965, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 9, Folder 2, Misc. Newspaper Clippings, 1900-1967, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 9, Folder 3, Misc. Publications re: Judaism, 1946-1960, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 9, Folder 4, American Judaism, 1957-1965, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 9, Folder 5, Misc. Writings on Zionism (Banks), 1915-1969, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 9, Folder 6, Misc. Newspaper clippings re: Zionism, 1915-1970, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 9, Folder 7, Misc. Non-Jewish Publications re: Zionism, 1948, 1969, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 9, Folder 8, The New Palestine; Congress Weekly, 1948-1950, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 9, Folder 9, B'nai B'rith Publications, 1910-1913, 1960, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 9, Folder 10, Misc. B'nai B'rith Material (Banks), undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 10, Folder 1, Self-Summary of Banks' Political Career, 1910-1960, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 10, Folder 2, Service on Norfolk Board of Aldermen, 1908-1911, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 10, Folder 3, \"Norfolk, Virginia\": Booklet Prepared by Banks for Industrial Commission, 1909, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 10, Folder 4, Controversy over Banks' Origins: General, 1911-1912, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 10, Folder 5, Controversy over Banks' Origins: Dispute within B'nai B'rith Lodge, 1912-1913, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 10, Folder 6, Miscellaneous Material, 1911-1913, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 10, Folder 7, Speeches in House, 1912, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 10, Folder 8, Bills Introduced, 1912, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 10, Folder 9, Campaign for State Senate, 1923, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 10, Folder 10, Campaign for Commonwealth's Attorney, 1925, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 10, Folder 11, Campaign for House of Delegates, 1933, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 10, Folder 12, Hamilton-Darden Congressional Campaign, 1936, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 10, Folder 13, Misc. Material re: Goals of Group, 1937-1940, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 10, Folder 14, Misc. Campaign Material, 1937-1940, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 10, Folder 15, Newspaper Clippings, 1937, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 10, Folder 16, Hamilton-Darden Congressional Campaign: Banks' Speeches, 1938, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 10, Folder 17, Hamilton-Darden Campaign: Campaign Materials, 1938, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 11, Folder 1, 1940 City Council Election, 1940, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 11, Folder 2, Special Election, 2nd Congressional District, 1941, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 11, Folder 3, Citizens' Democratic League: Miscellaneous Material, 1940-1949, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 11, Folder 4, Miscellaneous Material, 1960-1969, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 11, Folder 5, E. Vincent Wyatt Campaign for City Treasurer, 1965-1966, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 11, Folder 6, Miscellaneous Banks' Speeches, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 11, Folder 7, A. Willis Robertson's U. S. Senate Campaign, 1966, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 11, Folder 8, Henry Howell's Gubernatorial Campaign, 1969, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 11, Folder 9, Misc. Banks' Speeches re: Statewide Elections, 1910-1950, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 11, Folder 10, Wilson Campaign and Administration, 1912-1918, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 11, Folder 11, Al Smith Campaign: Banks' Speech, 1928, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 11, Folder 12, Roosevelt Campaigns: Correspondence, 1932-1944, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 11, Folder 13, Roosevelt Campaigns: Miscellaneous Material, 1932-1936, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 11, Folder 14, Roosevelt Campaigns: Bank's Speeches, 1932-1944, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 11, Folder 15, Roosevelt Administrations: Miscellaneous Material, 1933-1939, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 11, Folder 16, 1952 Campaign: Miscellaneous Material, 1952, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 11, Folder 17, 1960 Campaign: Miscellaneous Material, 1960, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 11, Folder 18, 1968 Campaign: Letters to the Editor, 1968 September-October, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 12, Folder 1, Miscellaneous, 1907-1971, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 12, Folder 2, Norman Hamilton, 1934-1936, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 12, Folder 3, Norman Hamilton (After Election to Congress), 1936-1937, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 12, Folder 4, Colgate Darden: General, 1935-1969, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 12, Folder 5, Correspondence with Wilson Administration re: Government Job, 1912-1918, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 12, Folder 6, Correspondence with Virginia Politicians re: Support for Job in Wilson Administration, 1913-1920, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 12, Folder 7, Correspondence with Simon Wolf re: Efforts to Obtain Government Job, 1914, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 12, Folder 8, Applications for Collectorship of Port of Norfolk, 1914, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 12, Folder 9, Correspondence with Department of Justice re: Government Job,, 1933-1934, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 12, Folder 10, Correspondence with Department of Justice re: Job Obtained in War Risk Insurance Office, 1934-1936, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 12, Folder 11, Misc. Correspondence re: Department of Justice Jobs, 1933-1934, 1936, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 12, Folder 12, Correspondence with Harry Byrd, Sr. re: Department of Justice Job, undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 12, Folder 13, Correspondence with Colgate Darden re: Department of Justice Job, 1933-1934, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 12, Folder 14, Correspondence with Bernard Baruch re: Department of Justice Job, 1934, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 13, Folder 1, Correspondence with Treasury Department re: Government Job, 1934-1939, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 13, Folder 2, Misc. Correpondence re: Government Jobs (Largely with Colgate Darden), 1939-1942, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 13, Folder 3, Correspondence with Congressmen Winder Harris re: Government Job, 1942, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 13, Folder 4, Material re: \"Negro Problem\" - Including Supreme Court's Role, 1903-1958, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 13, Folder 5, \"Legal Articles: (Considerable Material re: Supreme Court), 1920-1970, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 13, Folder 6, The Growler: Norfolk Political Weekly, 1905, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 13, Folder 7, The Free-Lance: Norfolk Political Weekly, 1905, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 13, Folder 8, The Free-Lance, 1906, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 14, Folder 1, Index to Scrapbooks, undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 14, Folder 2, Book #1: pp. 1-36 (Largely Political), 1906-1912, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 14, Folder 3, Book #1: pp. 37-71 (Largely Political), 1906-1912, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 14, Folder 4, Book #3: pp. 1-38 (Largely Political), 1924-1958, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 14, Folder 5, Book #3: pp. 38-78 (Largely Political), 1924-1958, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 14, Folder 6, Book #4 : pp. 38-78 (Largely Political), 1912-1924, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","Bound Volume Letters to Editors; Miscellaneous Newspaper clippings, 1906-1972, Box 15, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 16, Folder 1, \"Political and Campaign Scrapbook\" (Presidential Campaigns), 1912, 1932-1934, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 16, Folder 2, Untitled Scrapbook: Jewish Topics; Items from The Galaxy, 1906-1913, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 17, Folder 1, Woodrow Wilson Visit to Richmond, 1912, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 17, Folder 2, B.A. Banks in Law Office, circa 1920-1929, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 17, Folder 3, Bank's State Senate Campaign, 1923, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 17, Folder 4, Miscellaneous Photographs, circa 1920-1968, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 17, Folder 5, Photocopies of Views from Church and Main Streets in Norfolk, Virginia, circa 1887-1900, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","Photograph of Norfolk Industrial Commission, circa 1909, Oversize Box 19, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","Photograph of 7th Annual Harbors and Rivers Congress, Washington, D.C., 1910 December 18, Oversize Box 19, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","Group Portrait of 1912 Virginia House of Delegates, 1912, Oversize Box 19, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","Copy of Correspondence between Robert Morton Hughes and Harry Flood Byrd, 1929, Oversize Box 19, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","Large Photograph of the Norfolk Bar Association, 1922, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","Large Photograph of the Virginia General Assembly with Woodrow Wilson, 1912, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","Flanders, Henry. The Lives and Times of the Chief Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States. Vol. I: John Jay-John Rutledge. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Grambo \u0026 Co., 1855, Oversize Box 18, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","Harris, Joel Chandler. Life of Henry W. Grady. New York: Casssell, 1890, Oversize Box 18, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","U. S. House of Representatives. Henry D. Flood. Memorial Addresses Delivered in Congress. Washington, D.C.: Gov't. Printing Office, 1922, Oversize Box 18, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","Manual of the Senate and House of Delegates, Virginia., 1908-1934, Oversize Box 18, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","License to Practice Law in Virginia, 1909 November 12, Oversize Box 19, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","Certificate of Election to the House of Delegates, 1911 November 27, Oversize Box 19, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","Commendation From Italian Societies of Norfolk, 1912, Oversize Box 19, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","Authorization to Plead Cases Before the U.S. Supreme Court, 1929 January 21, Oversize Box 19, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers of Benjamin Banks include letters to the editor, speeches, and literary materials. Political papers span Banks' political career (1908-1913) and his continuing involvement in political issues through the 1940's. Also included in the collection are scrapbooks of newspaper clippings, photographs, memorabilia, and Manuals of the Senate and House of Delegates of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes personal correspondence; \"Letters to the Editor\"; miscellaneous material re. Judaism, Christianity, and their relationship; speeches and material for speeches; Literary materials for and copies of The Galaxy; papers relating to George Viett, Norfolk poet-author. Oversized memorabilia are stored in the dropfront box.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWoodrow Wilson Inauguration Issue, March, 1913. Bound Volumes The Galaxy: Vols. I \u0026amp;II, September 1907-August 1909; Vols. III \u0026amp;IV, September 1909 - October 1913\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePerhaps written by Banks\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotocopies with partial English translation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes material regarding Banks' own short political career (1908-1913), his involvement in Norfolk politics, and his participation in presidential campaigns in Virginia (especially in Norfolk) throughout this same period. Also contains correspondence relating to his largely unsuccessful efforts to obtain patronage jobs from both the Wilson and Roosevelt Administrations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains newspaper clippings and some correspondence regarding his political activities; clippings of letters to the editors; some items relating to Judaism.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes a small number of miscellaneous photographs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains three books from Banks' personal library as well as manuals of the Senate and House of Delegates of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes Banks' law license, certificates, and photographs.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The papers of Benjamin Banks include letters to the editor, speeches, and literary materials. Political papers span Banks' political career (1908-1913) and his continuing involvement in political issues through the 1940's. Also included in the collection are scrapbooks of newspaper clippings, photographs, memorabilia, and Manuals of the Senate and House of Delegates of Virginia.","This series includes personal correspondence; \"Letters to the Editor\"; miscellaneous material re. Judaism, Christianity, and their relationship; speeches and material for speeches; Literary materials for and copies of The Galaxy; papers relating to George Viett, Norfolk poet-author. Oversized memorabilia are stored in the dropfront box.","Woodrow Wilson Inauguration Issue, March, 1913. Bound Volumes The Galaxy: Vols. I \u0026II, September 1907-August 1909; Vols. III \u0026IV, September 1909 - October 1913","Perhaps written by Banks","Photocopies with partial English translation.","This series includes material regarding Banks' own short political career (1908-1913), his involvement in Norfolk politics, and his participation in presidential campaigns in Virginia (especially in Norfolk) throughout this same period. Also contains correspondence relating to his largely unsuccessful efforts to obtain patronage jobs from both the Wilson and Roosevelt Administrations.","This series contains newspaper clippings and some correspondence regarding his political activities; clippings of letters to the editors; some items relating to Judaism.","This series includes a small number of miscellaneous photographs.","This series contains three books from Banks' personal library as well as manuals of the Senate and House of Delegates of Virginia.","This series includes Banks' law license, certificates, and photographs."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_db8b6bbda8dc93780c6c66436b6855d9\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eLawyer and prominent member of the Norfolk Jewish community. Served on the Norfolk Board of Aldermen (1908-1911) and in the Virginia House of Delegates (1911-1913). Active in local, state and national politics. Includes personal and political correspondence, scrapbooks, letters to the editor, and photographs.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Lawyer and prominent member of the Norfolk Jewish community. Served on the Norfolk Board of Aldermen (1908-1911) and in the Virginia House of Delegates (1911-1913). Active in local, state and national politics. Includes personal and political correspondence, scrapbooks, letters to the editor, and photographs."],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia. General Assembly. House of Delegates","Virginia. General Assembly","Banks, Benjamin A. (1884-1974)"],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Virginia. General Assembly. House of Delegates","Virginia. General Assembly","Banks, Benjamin A. (1884-1974)"],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Virginia. General Assembly. House of Delegates","Virginia. General Assembly"],"persname_ssim":["Banks, Benjamin A. (1884-1974)"],"language_ssim":["English Yiddish"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":230,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T19:43:32.445Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_103","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_103","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_103","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_103","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_5_resources_103.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archivesguides.lib.odu.edu/repositories/5/resources/103","title_filing_ssi":"Banks, Benjamin A.","title_ssm":["Benjamin A. Banks Papers"],"title_tesim":["Benjamin A. Banks Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1855-1974","Date acquired: 05/18/1976"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1855-1974"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 05/18/1976"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MG 6","/repositories/5/resources/103"],"text":["MG 6","/repositories/5/resources/103","Benjamin A. Banks Papers","Hampton Roads (Va.)--History--20th century","Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century","Legislators--Virginia--Hampton Roads","City council members--Virginia--Norfolk","Lawyers--Virginia--Norfolk","Publishers and publishing","Virginia--Politics and government--1865-1950","The collection is open to researchers without restrictions.","The materials are arranged chronologically and are organized into six series: Series I: Personal Papers; Series II: Political Papers; Series III: Scrapbooks; Series IV: Photographs; Series V: Books; and Series VI: Memorabilia.","Benjamin A. Banks (original family name Bonk) was born, according to his own testimony, on May 18, 1884, in Baltimore, Maryland. Soon after his father's death his family moved to Norfolk, Virginia, where they had relatives living. Banks received his only formal education in Norfolk's public schools. He then studied law on his own and was admitted to the Virginia Bar in November 1909. He continued to practice law until his death on April 27, 1974.","From 1908 through 1913, Banks served as editor and publisher of The Galaxy, a literary magazine which he hoped would enjoy critical and financial success not only in Norfolk but throughout the South. His colleague in this unsuccessful effort was local poet George Viett, who remained Banks' close friend until his death in 1943. Banks' first forays into the political arena in Norfolk were quite successful. He served on the Norfolk Board of Alderman from 1908 to 1911 at which point he resigned to take up the seat he had recently won in the Virginia House of Delegates. Banks did not run for reelection however, and all his subsequent attempts to return to public office: Virginia State Senate (1923); Commonwealth's Attorney for Norfolk (1925); House of Delegates (1933, 1937) ended in defeat. Nonetheless, he played an active role in Norfolk's Democratic politics from the 1900's through the 1940's. He participated in most local election campaigns and was frequently called on to make radio speeches on behalf of the candidates. For example, he successfully supported Norman Hamilton against Colgate Darden for Congress in 1936 and then aided Darden to defeat Hamilton in 1938. Banks was elected Norfolk chairman of the Virginia Liberal League in 1918 and, in 1937, he helped found the Citizen's Democratic League, a group that supported candidates against the dominant local Democratic organization, with only limited success, until its demise in the early 1940's. Banks was also an active campaigner for Democratic presidential candidates from Woodrow Wilson to George McGovern. He was particularly active in the Roosevelt clubs that developed in the 1930's.","Banks was a prominent member of the Norfolk Jewish community and was especially interested in promoting better understanding among Christians and Jews. He worked toward this goal in many letters written to local newspapers, especially in his annual Christmas \"epistles.\" His numerous letters to the editors of the leading Norfolk and Richmond newspapers dealt with many topics, more often with political issues - local, state, and national. Their range-from Prohibition and the Ku Klux Klan to Vietnam and Watergate - symbolize the length of his concerns with political issues. Bank's letters also won him plaudits from many members of the Tidewater community and from political figures throughout the entire Commonwealth of Virginia.","Note written by James F. Walsh","The papers of Benjamin Banks include letters to the editor, speeches, and literary materials. Political papers span Banks' political career (1908-1913) and his continuing involvement in political issues through the 1940's. Also included in the collection are scrapbooks of newspaper clippings, photographs, memorabilia, and Manuals of the Senate and House of Delegates of Virginia.","This series includes personal correspondence; \"Letters to the Editor\"; miscellaneous material re. Judaism, Christianity, and their relationship; speeches and material for speeches; Literary materials for and copies of The Galaxy; papers relating to George Viett, Norfolk poet-author. Oversized memorabilia are stored in the dropfront box.","Woodrow Wilson Inauguration Issue, March, 1913. Bound Volumes The Galaxy: Vols. I \u0026II, September 1907-August 1909; Vols. III \u0026IV, September 1909 - October 1913","Perhaps written by Banks","Photocopies with partial English translation.","This series includes material regarding Banks' own short political career (1908-1913), his involvement in Norfolk politics, and his participation in presidential campaigns in Virginia (especially in Norfolk) throughout this same period. Also contains correspondence relating to his largely unsuccessful efforts to obtain patronage jobs from both the Wilson and Roosevelt Administrations.","This series contains newspaper clippings and some correspondence regarding his political activities; clippings of letters to the editors; some items relating to Judaism.","This series includes a small number of miscellaneous photographs.","This series contains three books from Banks' personal library as well as manuals of the Senate and House of Delegates of Virginia.","This series includes Banks' law license, certificates, and photographs.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","Lawyer and prominent member of the Norfolk Jewish community. Served on the Norfolk Board of Aldermen (1908-1911) and in the Virginia House of Delegates (1911-1913). Active in local, state and national politics. Includes personal and political correspondence, scrapbooks, letters to the editor, and photographs.","ODU Community Collections","Virginia. General Assembly. House of Delegates","Virginia. General Assembly","Banks, Benjamin A. (1884-1974)","English Yiddish"],"unitid_tesim":["MG 6","/repositories/5/resources/103"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Benjamin A. Banks Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Benjamin A. Banks Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Benjamin A. Banks Papers"],"repository_ssm":["Old Dominion University"],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"geogname_ssm":["Hampton Roads (Va.)--History--20th century","Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Hampton Roads (Va.)--History--20th century","Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century"],"creator_ssm":["Banks, Benjamin A. (1884-1974)"],"creator_ssim":["Banks, Benjamin A. (1884-1974)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Banks, Benjamin A. (1884-1974)"],"creators_ssim":["Banks, Benjamin A. (1884-1974)"],"places_ssim":["Hampton Roads (Va.)--History--20th century","Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Helen G. Banks","Gift. Accession #A76-15"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Legislators--Virginia--Hampton Roads","City council members--Virginia--Norfolk","Lawyers--Virginia--Norfolk","Publishers and publishing","Virginia--Politics and government--1865-1950"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Legislators--Virginia--Hampton Roads","City council members--Virginia--Norfolk","Lawyers--Virginia--Norfolk","Publishers and publishing","Virginia--Politics and government--1865-1950"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["10.20 Linear Feet","18 Hollinger document cases; 1 Hollinger dropfront print box; 1 oversize box boxes"],"extent_tesim":["10.20 Linear Feet","18 Hollinger document cases; 1 Hollinger dropfront print box; 1 oversize box boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1976],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to researchers without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to researchers without restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials are arranged chronologically and are organized into six series: Series I: Personal Papers; Series II: Political Papers; Series III: Scrapbooks; Series IV: Photographs; Series V: Books; and Series VI: Memorabilia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The materials are arranged chronologically and are organized into six series: Series I: Personal Papers; Series II: Political Papers; Series III: Scrapbooks; Series IV: Photographs; Series V: Books; and Series VI: Memorabilia."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBenjamin A. Banks (original family name Bonk) was born, according to his own testimony, on May 18, 1884, in Baltimore, Maryland. Soon after his father's death his family moved to Norfolk, Virginia, where they had relatives living. Banks received his only formal education in Norfolk's public schools. He then studied law on his own and was admitted to the Virginia Bar in November 1909. He continued to practice law until his death on April 27, 1974.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFrom 1908 through 1913, Banks served as editor and publisher of The Galaxy, a literary magazine which he hoped would enjoy critical and financial success not only in Norfolk but throughout the South. His colleague in this unsuccessful effort was local poet George Viett, who remained Banks' close friend until his death in 1943. Banks' first forays into the political arena in Norfolk were quite successful. He served on the Norfolk Board of Alderman from 1908 to 1911 at which point he resigned to take up the seat he had recently won in the Virginia House of Delegates. Banks did not run for reelection however, and all his subsequent attempts to return to public office: Virginia State Senate (1923); Commonwealth's Attorney for Norfolk (1925); House of Delegates (1933, 1937) ended in defeat. Nonetheless, he played an active role in Norfolk's Democratic politics from the 1900's through the 1940's. He participated in most local election campaigns and was frequently called on to make radio speeches on behalf of the candidates. For example, he successfully supported Norman Hamilton against Colgate Darden for Congress in 1936 and then aided Darden to defeat Hamilton in 1938. Banks was elected Norfolk chairman of the Virginia Liberal League in 1918 and, in 1937, he helped found the Citizen's Democratic League, a group that supported candidates against the dominant local Democratic organization, with only limited success, until its demise in the early 1940's. Banks was also an active campaigner for Democratic presidential candidates from Woodrow Wilson to George McGovern. He was particularly active in the Roosevelt clubs that developed in the 1930's.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBanks was a prominent member of the Norfolk Jewish community and was especially interested in promoting better understanding among Christians and Jews. He worked toward this goal in many letters written to local newspapers, especially in his annual Christmas \"epistles.\" His numerous letters to the editors of the leading Norfolk and Richmond newspapers dealt with many topics, more often with political issues - local, state, and national. Their range-from Prohibition and the Ku Klux Klan to Vietnam and Watergate - symbolize the length of his concerns with political issues. Bank's letters also won him plaudits from many members of the Tidewater community and from political figures throughout the entire Commonwealth of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNote written by James F. Walsh\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Benjamin A. Banks (original family name Bonk) was born, according to his own testimony, on May 18, 1884, in Baltimore, Maryland. Soon after his father's death his family moved to Norfolk, Virginia, where they had relatives living. Banks received his only formal education in Norfolk's public schools. He then studied law on his own and was admitted to the Virginia Bar in November 1909. He continued to practice law until his death on April 27, 1974.","From 1908 through 1913, Banks served as editor and publisher of The Galaxy, a literary magazine which he hoped would enjoy critical and financial success not only in Norfolk but throughout the South. His colleague in this unsuccessful effort was local poet George Viett, who remained Banks' close friend until his death in 1943. Banks' first forays into the political arena in Norfolk were quite successful. He served on the Norfolk Board of Alderman from 1908 to 1911 at which point he resigned to take up the seat he had recently won in the Virginia House of Delegates. Banks did not run for reelection however, and all his subsequent attempts to return to public office: Virginia State Senate (1923); Commonwealth's Attorney for Norfolk (1925); House of Delegates (1933, 1937) ended in defeat. Nonetheless, he played an active role in Norfolk's Democratic politics from the 1900's through the 1940's. He participated in most local election campaigns and was frequently called on to make radio speeches on behalf of the candidates. For example, he successfully supported Norman Hamilton against Colgate Darden for Congress in 1936 and then aided Darden to defeat Hamilton in 1938. Banks was elected Norfolk chairman of the Virginia Liberal League in 1918 and, in 1937, he helped found the Citizen's Democratic League, a group that supported candidates against the dominant local Democratic organization, with only limited success, until its demise in the early 1940's. Banks was also an active campaigner for Democratic presidential candidates from Woodrow Wilson to George McGovern. He was particularly active in the Roosevelt clubs that developed in the 1930's.","Banks was a prominent member of the Norfolk Jewish community and was especially interested in promoting better understanding among Christians and Jews. He worked toward this goal in many letters written to local newspapers, especially in his annual Christmas \"epistles.\" His numerous letters to the editors of the leading Norfolk and Richmond newspapers dealt with many topics, more often with political issues - local, state, and national. Their range-from Prohibition and the Ku Klux Klan to Vietnam and Watergate - symbolize the length of his concerns with political issues. Bank's letters also won him plaudits from many members of the Tidewater community and from political figures throughout the entire Commonwealth of Virginia.","Note written by James F. Walsh"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 1, General, 1910-1973, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 2, Polan Banks, 1943-1974, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 3, Annie, 1914, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 4, Caroline, 1912, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 5, Ernestine, 1921, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 6, Hortense, 1919, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 7, Hortense, 1919-1921, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 8, Correspondence re: Education League Scholarship, 1906, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 2, Folder 1, Letters re. Press, undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 2, Folder 2, Correspondence with Editors of Virginian-Pilot, 1924-1972, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 2, Folder 3, Correspondence with Editors of Norfolk Ledger-Dispatch, Richmond Times-Dispatch, 1944-1971, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 2, Folder 4, Virginian-Pilot, 1924-1963, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 2, Folder 5, Virginian-Pilot, 1964-1972, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 2, Folder 6, Norfolk Ledger-Dispatch, 1916-1959, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 2, Folder 7, Norfolk Ledger-Dispatch, 1960-1972, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 2, Folder 8, Richmond News-Leader; Richmond Times-Dispatch, 1942-1973, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 2, Folder 9, Miscellaneous Papers, 1940-1968, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 2, Folder 10, Unknown Papers, 1907-1956, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 2, Folder 11, Tributes to Others, 1943-1973, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 2, Folder 12, \"Fan Letters\": General, 1948-1973, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 2, Folder 13, \"Fan Letters\": Irving Kline, 1958-1974, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 2, Folder 14, \"Fan Letters\": Miscellaneous Political Figures, 1940-1974, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 2, Folder 15, \"Fan Letters\": Colgate Darden; Floyd Kellam; Richard Kellam; Sydney Kellam, 1953-1973, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 3, Folder 1, Clippings, 1920-1929, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 3, Folder 2, Clippings, 1930-1939, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 3, Folder 3, Clippings, 1940-1949, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 3, Folder 4, Clippings, 1950-1959, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 3, Folder 5, Clippings, 1960-1969, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 3, Folder 6, Clippings, 1970-1974, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 3, Folder 7, Clippings, undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 3, Folder 8, Material re: Press Handling of Letters to the Editor, undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 3, Folder 9, Newspaper Clippings re: Banks, undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 3, Folder 10, Banks' Speeches before Group, 1940-1970, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 3, Folder 11, Material re: Banks' Involvement, 1944-1946, 1948, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 3, Folder 12, Material re: Lodge #10 (Norfolk), 1943-1967, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 3, Folder 13, Material re: National Organization, undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 3, Folder 14, Correspondence; Misc. material re. relationship with Banks, 1912-1972, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 3, Folder 15, Documents; Newspaper Clippings, 1920-1974, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 3, Folder 16, Miscellaneous Items, undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 4, Folder 1, Index to Scrapbooks; The Galaxy; Letters, undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 4, Folder 2, Misc. Material re: The Galaxy, 1907-1913, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 4, Folder 3, The Galaxy, 1907-1913, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 5, Folder 1, Aphorisms; Quotations, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 5, Folder 2, Bibliographies, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 5, Folder 3, Clippings; Articles; Poems, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 5, Folder 4, Miscellaneous, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 5, Folder 5, Speeches on Miscellaneous Topics, undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 5, Folder 6, Material for Speeches, undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 5, Folder 7, Speeches Given by Others, undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 5, Folder 8, Speeches to Others; Speeches; Written Pieces, undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 5, Folder 9, The Bitter Pill or The Hot Twenty-Five, Yiddish Play Manuscript by Hyman Goodman, circa 1920-1940, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 6, Folder 1, Published Works; Memorabilia, 1910-1930, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 6, Folder 2, Miscellaneous Unpublished Writings, 1900-1943, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 6, Folder 3, Letters to the Editor, 1903-1941, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 6, Folder 4, Miscellaneous Correspondence, 1918-1941, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 6, Folder 5, Clippings of Letters to the Editor, 1910-1919, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 6, Folder 6, Clippings of Letters to the Editor, 1920-1929, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 6, Folder 7, Clippings of Letters to the Editor, 1930-1939, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 6, Folder 8, Clippings of Letters to the Editor, 1940-1943, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 6, Folder 9, Clippings of Letters to the Editor, undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 6, Folder 10, Letters, Columns Written under Gifo G. Everett Pen Name, 1920-1929, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 6, Folder 11, Correspondence re: Viett-Banks Dispute, 1919 May, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 6, Folder 12, Viett's Death, 1943, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 6, Folder 13, Misc. Items about Viett, 1900-1943, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 6, Folder 14, Disposition of Viett's Personal Papers, 1943, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 7, Folder 1, General Material on Religion, undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 7, Folder 2, General: Versions of speech on \"Law and Religion\", undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 7, Folder 3, General: Liberty, A Magazine of Religious Freedom, (Misc. Copies), 1946, 1963, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 7, Folder 4, Miscellaneous Material, undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 7, Folder 5, Miscellaneous Articles, 1820-1966, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 7, Folder 6, Miscellaneous Newspaper Clippings, 1900-1970, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 7, Folder 7, Publications of the American Board of Missions to the Jews, 1950-1960, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 7, Folder 8, Christmas Letters to Editors (Largely to Norfolk Press), 1947-1968, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 7, Folder 9, Miscellaneous Correspondence, undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 8, Folder 1, Misc. Speeches and Written Pieces (Banks), undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 8, Folder 2, Miscellaneous Material (Banks), undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 8, Folder 3, Letters to the Editor (Largely Norfolk Press), 1915-1972, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 8, Folder 4, Jefferson Society of Norfolk (Jewish Discussion Group), 1906-1911, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 8, Folder 5, Norfolk Jewish Community: Miscellaneous Material, 1948-1955, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 8, Folder 6, Correspondence with American Jewish Archives, 1970-1973, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 8, Folder 7, List of Items Sent to American Jewish Archives, 1970, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 8, Folder 8, Correspondence with Rabbi Harold D. Hahn, 1964-1973, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 8, Folder 9, Correspondence with Rabbi Alan Steinbach; Miscellaneous Material re: Steinbach, 1923-1972, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 8, Folder 10, Misc. Correspondence, 1948-1972, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 9, Folder 1, Misc. Articles, 1889-1965, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 9, Folder 2, Misc. Newspaper Clippings, 1900-1967, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 9, Folder 3, Misc. Publications re: Judaism, 1946-1960, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 9, Folder 4, American Judaism, 1957-1965, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 9, Folder 5, Misc. Writings on Zionism (Banks), 1915-1969, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 9, Folder 6, Misc. Newspaper clippings re: Zionism, 1915-1970, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 9, Folder 7, Misc. Non-Jewish Publications re: Zionism, 1948, 1969, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 9, Folder 8, The New Palestine; Congress Weekly, 1948-1950, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 9, Folder 9, B'nai B'rith Publications, 1910-1913, 1960, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 9, Folder 10, Misc. B'nai B'rith Material (Banks), undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 10, Folder 1, Self-Summary of Banks' Political Career, 1910-1960, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 10, Folder 2, Service on Norfolk Board of Aldermen, 1908-1911, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 10, Folder 3, \"Norfolk, Virginia\": Booklet Prepared by Banks for Industrial Commission, 1909, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 10, Folder 4, Controversy over Banks' Origins: General, 1911-1912, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 10, Folder 5, Controversy over Banks' Origins: Dispute within B'nai B'rith Lodge, 1912-1913, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 10, Folder 6, Miscellaneous Material, 1911-1913, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 10, Folder 7, Speeches in House, 1912, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 10, Folder 8, Bills Introduced, 1912, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 10, Folder 9, Campaign for State Senate, 1923, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 10, Folder 10, Campaign for Commonwealth's Attorney, 1925, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 10, Folder 11, Campaign for House of Delegates, 1933, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 10, Folder 12, Hamilton-Darden Congressional Campaign, 1936, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 10, Folder 13, Misc. Material re: Goals of Group, 1937-1940, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 10, Folder 14, Misc. Campaign Material, 1937-1940, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 10, Folder 15, Newspaper Clippings, 1937, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 10, Folder 16, Hamilton-Darden Congressional Campaign: Banks' Speeches, 1938, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 10, Folder 17, Hamilton-Darden Campaign: Campaign Materials, 1938, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 11, Folder 1, 1940 City Council Election, 1940, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 11, Folder 2, Special Election, 2nd Congressional District, 1941, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 11, Folder 3, Citizens' Democratic League: Miscellaneous Material, 1940-1949, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 11, Folder 4, Miscellaneous Material, 1960-1969, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 11, Folder 5, E. Vincent Wyatt Campaign for City Treasurer, 1965-1966, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 11, Folder 6, Miscellaneous Banks' Speeches, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 11, Folder 7, A. Willis Robertson's U. S. Senate Campaign, 1966, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 11, Folder 8, Henry Howell's Gubernatorial Campaign, 1969, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 11, Folder 9, Misc. Banks' Speeches re: Statewide Elections, 1910-1950, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 11, Folder 10, Wilson Campaign and Administration, 1912-1918, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 11, Folder 11, Al Smith Campaign: Banks' Speech, 1928, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 11, Folder 12, Roosevelt Campaigns: Correspondence, 1932-1944, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 11, Folder 13, Roosevelt Campaigns: Miscellaneous Material, 1932-1936, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 11, Folder 14, Roosevelt Campaigns: Bank's Speeches, 1932-1944, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 11, Folder 15, Roosevelt Administrations: Miscellaneous Material, 1933-1939, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 11, Folder 16, 1952 Campaign: Miscellaneous Material, 1952, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 11, Folder 17, 1960 Campaign: Miscellaneous Material, 1960, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 11, Folder 18, 1968 Campaign: Letters to the Editor, 1968 September-October, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 12, Folder 1, Miscellaneous, 1907-1971, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 12, Folder 2, Norman Hamilton, 1934-1936, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 12, Folder 3, Norman Hamilton (After Election to Congress), 1936-1937, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 12, Folder 4, Colgate Darden: General, 1935-1969, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 12, Folder 5, Correspondence with Wilson Administration re: Government Job, 1912-1918, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 12, Folder 6, Correspondence with Virginia Politicians re: Support for Job in Wilson Administration, 1913-1920, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 12, Folder 7, Correspondence with Simon Wolf re: Efforts to Obtain Government Job, 1914, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 12, Folder 8, Applications for Collectorship of Port of Norfolk, 1914, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 12, Folder 9, Correspondence with Department of Justice re: Government Job,, 1933-1934, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 12, Folder 10, Correspondence with Department of Justice re: Job Obtained in War Risk Insurance Office, 1934-1936, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 12, Folder 11, Misc. Correspondence re: Department of Justice Jobs, 1933-1934, 1936, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 12, Folder 12, Correspondence with Harry Byrd, Sr. re: Department of Justice Job, undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 12, Folder 13, Correspondence with Colgate Darden re: Department of Justice Job, 1933-1934, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 12, Folder 14, Correspondence with Bernard Baruch re: Department of Justice Job, 1934, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 13, Folder 1, Correspondence with Treasury Department re: Government Job, 1934-1939, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 13, Folder 2, Misc. Correpondence re: Government Jobs (Largely with Colgate Darden), 1939-1942, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 13, Folder 3, Correspondence with Congressmen Winder Harris re: Government Job, 1942, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 13, Folder 4, Material re: \"Negro Problem\" - Including Supreme Court's Role, 1903-1958, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 13, Folder 5, \"Legal Articles: (Considerable Material re: Supreme Court), 1920-1970, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 13, Folder 6, The Growler: Norfolk Political Weekly, 1905, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 13, Folder 7, The Free-Lance: Norfolk Political Weekly, 1905, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 13, Folder 8, The Free-Lance, 1906, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 14, Folder 1, Index to Scrapbooks, undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 14, Folder 2, Book #1: pp. 1-36 (Largely Political), 1906-1912, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 14, Folder 3, Book #1: pp. 37-71 (Largely Political), 1906-1912, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 14, Folder 4, Book #3: pp. 1-38 (Largely Political), 1924-1958, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 14, Folder 5, Book #3: pp. 38-78 (Largely Political), 1924-1958, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 14, Folder 6, Book #4 : pp. 38-78 (Largely Political), 1912-1924, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBound Volume Letters to Editors; Miscellaneous Newspaper clippings, 1906-1972, Box 15, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 16, Folder 1, \"Political and Campaign Scrapbook\" (Presidential Campaigns), 1912, 1932-1934, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 16, Folder 2, Untitled Scrapbook: Jewish Topics; Items from The Galaxy, 1906-1913, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 17, Folder 1, Woodrow Wilson Visit to Richmond, 1912, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 17, Folder 2, B.A. Banks in Law Office, circa 1920-1929, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 17, Folder 3, Bank's State Senate Campaign, 1923, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 17, Folder 4, Miscellaneous Photographs, circa 1920-1968, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 17, Folder 5, Photocopies of Views from Church and Main Streets in Norfolk, Virginia, circa 1887-1900, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotograph of Norfolk Industrial Commission, circa 1909, Oversize Box 19, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotograph of 7th Annual Harbors and Rivers Congress, Washington, D.C., 1910 December 18, Oversize Box 19, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGroup Portrait of 1912 Virginia House of Delegates, 1912, Oversize Box 19, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopy of Correspondence between Robert Morton Hughes and Harry Flood Byrd, 1929, Oversize Box 19, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLarge Photograph of the Norfolk Bar Association, 1922, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLarge Photograph of the Virginia General Assembly with Woodrow Wilson, 1912, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlanders, Henry. The Lives and Times of the Chief Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States. Vol. I: John Jay-John Rutledge. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Grambo \u0026amp; Co., 1855, Oversize Box 18, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarris, Joel Chandler. Life of Henry W. Grady. New York: Casssell, 1890, Oversize Box 18, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eU. S. House of Representatives. Henry D. Flood. Memorial Addresses Delivered in Congress. Washington, D.C.: Gov't. Printing Office, 1922, Oversize Box 18, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eManual of the Senate and House of Delegates, Virginia., 1908-1934, Oversize Box 18, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLicense to Practice Law in Virginia, 1909 November 12, Oversize Box 19, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCertificate of Election to the House of Delegates, 1911 November 27, Oversize Box 19, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCommendation From Italian Societies of Norfolk, 1912, Oversize Box 19, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAuthorization to Plead Cases Before the U.S. Supreme Court, 1929 January 21, Oversize Box 19, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 1, General, 1910-1973, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 2, Polan Banks, 1943-1974, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 3, Annie, 1914, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 4, Caroline, 1912, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 5, Ernestine, 1921, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 6, Hortense, 1919, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 7, Hortense, 1919-1921, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 8, Correspondence re: Education League Scholarship, 1906, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 2, Folder 1, Letters re. Press, undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 2, Folder 2, Correspondence with Editors of Virginian-Pilot, 1924-1972, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 2, Folder 3, Correspondence with Editors of Norfolk Ledger-Dispatch, Richmond Times-Dispatch, 1944-1971, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 2, Folder 4, Virginian-Pilot, 1924-1963, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 2, Folder 5, Virginian-Pilot, 1964-1972, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 2, Folder 6, Norfolk Ledger-Dispatch, 1916-1959, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 2, Folder 7, Norfolk Ledger-Dispatch, 1960-1972, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 2, Folder 8, Richmond News-Leader; Richmond Times-Dispatch, 1942-1973, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 2, Folder 9, Miscellaneous Papers, 1940-1968, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 2, Folder 10, Unknown Papers, 1907-1956, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 2, Folder 11, Tributes to Others, 1943-1973, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 2, Folder 12, \"Fan Letters\": General, 1948-1973, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 2, Folder 13, \"Fan Letters\": Irving Kline, 1958-1974, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 2, Folder 14, \"Fan Letters\": Miscellaneous Political Figures, 1940-1974, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 2, Folder 15, \"Fan Letters\": Colgate Darden; Floyd Kellam; Richard Kellam; Sydney Kellam, 1953-1973, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 3, Folder 1, Clippings, 1920-1929, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 3, Folder 2, Clippings, 1930-1939, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 3, Folder 3, Clippings, 1940-1949, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 3, Folder 4, Clippings, 1950-1959, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 3, Folder 5, Clippings, 1960-1969, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 3, Folder 6, Clippings, 1970-1974, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 3, Folder 7, Clippings, undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 3, Folder 8, Material re: Press Handling of Letters to the Editor, undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 3, Folder 9, Newspaper Clippings re: Banks, undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 3, Folder 10, Banks' Speeches before Group, 1940-1970, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 3, Folder 11, Material re: Banks' Involvement, 1944-1946, 1948, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 3, Folder 12, Material re: Lodge #10 (Norfolk), 1943-1967, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 3, Folder 13, Material re: National Organization, undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 3, Folder 14, Correspondence; Misc. material re. relationship with Banks, 1912-1972, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 3, Folder 15, Documents; Newspaper Clippings, 1920-1974, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 3, Folder 16, Miscellaneous Items, undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 4, Folder 1, Index to Scrapbooks; The Galaxy; Letters, undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 4, Folder 2, Misc. Material re: The Galaxy, 1907-1913, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 4, Folder 3, The Galaxy, 1907-1913, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 5, Folder 1, Aphorisms; Quotations, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 5, Folder 2, Bibliographies, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 5, Folder 3, Clippings; Articles; Poems, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 5, Folder 4, Miscellaneous, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 5, Folder 5, Speeches on Miscellaneous Topics, undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 5, Folder 6, Material for Speeches, undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 5, Folder 7, Speeches Given by Others, undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 5, Folder 8, Speeches to Others; Speeches; Written Pieces, undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 5, Folder 9, The Bitter Pill or The Hot Twenty-Five, Yiddish Play Manuscript by Hyman Goodman, circa 1920-1940, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 6, Folder 1, Published Works; Memorabilia, 1910-1930, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 6, Folder 2, Miscellaneous Unpublished Writings, 1900-1943, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 6, Folder 3, Letters to the Editor, 1903-1941, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 6, Folder 4, Miscellaneous Correspondence, 1918-1941, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 6, Folder 5, Clippings of Letters to the Editor, 1910-1919, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 6, Folder 6, Clippings of Letters to the Editor, 1920-1929, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 6, Folder 7, Clippings of Letters to the Editor, 1930-1939, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 6, Folder 8, Clippings of Letters to the Editor, 1940-1943, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 6, Folder 9, Clippings of Letters to the Editor, undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 6, Folder 10, Letters, Columns Written under Gifo G. Everett Pen Name, 1920-1929, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 6, Folder 11, Correspondence re: Viett-Banks Dispute, 1919 May, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 6, Folder 12, Viett's Death, 1943, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 6, Folder 13, Misc. Items about Viett, 1900-1943, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 6, Folder 14, Disposition of Viett's Personal Papers, 1943, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 7, Folder 1, General Material on Religion, undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 7, Folder 2, General: Versions of speech on \"Law and Religion\", undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 7, Folder 3, General: Liberty, A Magazine of Religious Freedom, (Misc. Copies), 1946, 1963, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 7, Folder 4, Miscellaneous Material, undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 7, Folder 5, Miscellaneous Articles, 1820-1966, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 7, Folder 6, Miscellaneous Newspaper Clippings, 1900-1970, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 7, Folder 7, Publications of the American Board of Missions to the Jews, 1950-1960, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 7, Folder 8, Christmas Letters to Editors (Largely to Norfolk Press), 1947-1968, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 7, Folder 9, Miscellaneous Correspondence, undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 8, Folder 1, Misc. Speeches and Written Pieces (Banks), undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 8, Folder 2, Miscellaneous Material (Banks), undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 8, Folder 3, Letters to the Editor (Largely Norfolk Press), 1915-1972, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 8, Folder 4, Jefferson Society of Norfolk (Jewish Discussion Group), 1906-1911, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 8, Folder 5, Norfolk Jewish Community: Miscellaneous Material, 1948-1955, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 8, Folder 6, Correspondence with American Jewish Archives, 1970-1973, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 8, Folder 7, List of Items Sent to American Jewish Archives, 1970, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 8, Folder 8, Correspondence with Rabbi Harold D. Hahn, 1964-1973, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 8, Folder 9, Correspondence with Rabbi Alan Steinbach; Miscellaneous Material re: Steinbach, 1923-1972, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 8, Folder 10, Misc. Correspondence, 1948-1972, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 9, Folder 1, Misc. Articles, 1889-1965, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 9, Folder 2, Misc. Newspaper Clippings, 1900-1967, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 9, Folder 3, Misc. Publications re: Judaism, 1946-1960, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 9, Folder 4, American Judaism, 1957-1965, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 9, Folder 5, Misc. Writings on Zionism (Banks), 1915-1969, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 9, Folder 6, Misc. Newspaper clippings re: Zionism, 1915-1970, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 9, Folder 7, Misc. Non-Jewish Publications re: Zionism, 1948, 1969, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 9, Folder 8, The New Palestine; Congress Weekly, 1948-1950, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 9, Folder 9, B'nai B'rith Publications, 1910-1913, 1960, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 9, Folder 10, Misc. B'nai B'rith Material (Banks), undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 10, Folder 1, Self-Summary of Banks' Political Career, 1910-1960, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 10, Folder 2, Service on Norfolk Board of Aldermen, 1908-1911, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 10, Folder 3, \"Norfolk, Virginia\": Booklet Prepared by Banks for Industrial Commission, 1909, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 10, Folder 4, Controversy over Banks' Origins: General, 1911-1912, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 10, Folder 5, Controversy over Banks' Origins: Dispute within B'nai B'rith Lodge, 1912-1913, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 10, Folder 6, Miscellaneous Material, 1911-1913, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 10, Folder 7, Speeches in House, 1912, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 10, Folder 8, Bills Introduced, 1912, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 10, Folder 9, Campaign for State Senate, 1923, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 10, Folder 10, Campaign for Commonwealth's Attorney, 1925, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 10, Folder 11, Campaign for House of Delegates, 1933, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 10, Folder 12, Hamilton-Darden Congressional Campaign, 1936, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 10, Folder 13, Misc. Material re: Goals of Group, 1937-1940, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 10, Folder 14, Misc. Campaign Material, 1937-1940, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 10, Folder 15, Newspaper Clippings, 1937, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 10, Folder 16, Hamilton-Darden Congressional Campaign: Banks' Speeches, 1938, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 10, Folder 17, Hamilton-Darden Campaign: Campaign Materials, 1938, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 11, Folder 1, 1940 City Council Election, 1940, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 11, Folder 2, Special Election, 2nd Congressional District, 1941, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 11, Folder 3, Citizens' Democratic League: Miscellaneous Material, 1940-1949, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 11, Folder 4, Miscellaneous Material, 1960-1969, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 11, Folder 5, E. Vincent Wyatt Campaign for City Treasurer, 1965-1966, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 11, Folder 6, Miscellaneous Banks' Speeches, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 11, Folder 7, A. Willis Robertson's U. S. Senate Campaign, 1966, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 11, Folder 8, Henry Howell's Gubernatorial Campaign, 1969, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 11, Folder 9, Misc. Banks' Speeches re: Statewide Elections, 1910-1950, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 11, Folder 10, Wilson Campaign and Administration, 1912-1918, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 11, Folder 11, Al Smith Campaign: Banks' Speech, 1928, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 11, Folder 12, Roosevelt Campaigns: Correspondence, 1932-1944, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 11, Folder 13, Roosevelt Campaigns: Miscellaneous Material, 1932-1936, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 11, Folder 14, Roosevelt Campaigns: Bank's Speeches, 1932-1944, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 11, Folder 15, Roosevelt Administrations: Miscellaneous Material, 1933-1939, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 11, Folder 16, 1952 Campaign: Miscellaneous Material, 1952, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 11, Folder 17, 1960 Campaign: Miscellaneous Material, 1960, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 11, Folder 18, 1968 Campaign: Letters to the Editor, 1968 September-October, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 12, Folder 1, Miscellaneous, 1907-1971, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 12, Folder 2, Norman Hamilton, 1934-1936, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 12, Folder 3, Norman Hamilton (After Election to Congress), 1936-1937, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 12, Folder 4, Colgate Darden: General, 1935-1969, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 12, Folder 5, Correspondence with Wilson Administration re: Government Job, 1912-1918, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 12, Folder 6, Correspondence with Virginia Politicians re: Support for Job in Wilson Administration, 1913-1920, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 12, Folder 7, Correspondence with Simon Wolf re: Efforts to Obtain Government Job, 1914, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 12, Folder 8, Applications for Collectorship of Port of Norfolk, 1914, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 12, Folder 9, Correspondence with Department of Justice re: Government Job,, 1933-1934, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 12, Folder 10, Correspondence with Department of Justice re: Job Obtained in War Risk Insurance Office, 1934-1936, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 12, Folder 11, Misc. Correspondence re: Department of Justice Jobs, 1933-1934, 1936, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 12, Folder 12, Correspondence with Harry Byrd, Sr. re: Department of Justice Job, undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 12, Folder 13, Correspondence with Colgate Darden re: Department of Justice Job, 1933-1934, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 12, Folder 14, Correspondence with Bernard Baruch re: Department of Justice Job, 1934, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 13, Folder 1, Correspondence with Treasury Department re: Government Job, 1934-1939, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 13, Folder 2, Misc. Correpondence re: Government Jobs (Largely with Colgate Darden), 1939-1942, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 13, Folder 3, Correspondence with Congressmen Winder Harris re: Government Job, 1942, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 13, Folder 4, Material re: \"Negro Problem\" - Including Supreme Court's Role, 1903-1958, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 13, Folder 5, \"Legal Articles: (Considerable Material re: Supreme Court), 1920-1970, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 13, Folder 6, The Growler: Norfolk Political Weekly, 1905, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 13, Folder 7, The Free-Lance: Norfolk Political Weekly, 1905, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 13, Folder 8, The Free-Lance, 1906, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 14, Folder 1, Index to Scrapbooks, undated, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 14, Folder 2, Book #1: pp. 1-36 (Largely Political), 1906-1912, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 14, Folder 3, Book #1: pp. 37-71 (Largely Political), 1906-1912, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 14, Folder 4, Book #3: pp. 1-38 (Largely Political), 1924-1958, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 14, Folder 5, Book #3: pp. 38-78 (Largely Political), 1924-1958, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 14, Folder 6, Book #4 : pp. 38-78 (Largely Political), 1912-1924, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","Bound Volume Letters to Editors; Miscellaneous Newspaper clippings, 1906-1972, Box 15, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 16, Folder 1, \"Political and Campaign Scrapbook\" (Presidential Campaigns), 1912, 1932-1934, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 16, Folder 2, Untitled Scrapbook: Jewish Topics; Items from The Galaxy, 1906-1913, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 17, Folder 1, Woodrow Wilson Visit to Richmond, 1912, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 17, Folder 2, B.A. Banks in Law Office, circa 1920-1929, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 17, Folder 3, Bank's State Senate Campaign, 1923, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 17, Folder 4, Miscellaneous Photographs, circa 1920-1968, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 17, Folder 5, Photocopies of Views from Church and Main Streets in Norfolk, Virginia, circa 1887-1900, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","Photograph of Norfolk Industrial Commission, circa 1909, Oversize Box 19, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","Photograph of 7th Annual Harbors and Rivers Congress, Washington, D.C., 1910 December 18, Oversize Box 19, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","Group Portrait of 1912 Virginia House of Delegates, 1912, Oversize Box 19, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","Copy of Correspondence between Robert Morton Hughes and Harry Flood Byrd, 1929, Oversize Box 19, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","Large Photograph of the Norfolk Bar Association, 1922, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","Large Photograph of the Virginia General Assembly with Woodrow Wilson, 1912, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","Flanders, Henry. The Lives and Times of the Chief Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States. Vol. I: John Jay-John Rutledge. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Grambo \u0026 Co., 1855, Oversize Box 18, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","Harris, Joel Chandler. Life of Henry W. Grady. New York: Casssell, 1890, Oversize Box 18, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","U. S. House of Representatives. Henry D. Flood. Memorial Addresses Delivered in Congress. Washington, D.C.: Gov't. Printing Office, 1922, Oversize Box 18, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","Manual of the Senate and House of Delegates, Virginia., 1908-1934, Oversize Box 18, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","License to Practice Law in Virginia, 1909 November 12, Oversize Box 19, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","Certificate of Election to the House of Delegates, 1911 November 27, Oversize Box 19, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","Commendation From Italian Societies of Norfolk, 1912, Oversize Box 19, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","Authorization to Plead Cases Before the U.S. Supreme Court, 1929 January 21, Oversize Box 19, Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers of Benjamin Banks include letters to the editor, speeches, and literary materials. Political papers span Banks' political career (1908-1913) and his continuing involvement in political issues through the 1940's. Also included in the collection are scrapbooks of newspaper clippings, photographs, memorabilia, and Manuals of the Senate and House of Delegates of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes personal correspondence; \"Letters to the Editor\"; miscellaneous material re. Judaism, Christianity, and their relationship; speeches and material for speeches; Literary materials for and copies of The Galaxy; papers relating to George Viett, Norfolk poet-author. Oversized memorabilia are stored in the dropfront box.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWoodrow Wilson Inauguration Issue, March, 1913. Bound Volumes The Galaxy: Vols. I \u0026amp;II, September 1907-August 1909; Vols. III \u0026amp;IV, September 1909 - October 1913\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePerhaps written by Banks\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotocopies with partial English translation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes material regarding Banks' own short political career (1908-1913), his involvement in Norfolk politics, and his participation in presidential campaigns in Virginia (especially in Norfolk) throughout this same period. Also contains correspondence relating to his largely unsuccessful efforts to obtain patronage jobs from both the Wilson and Roosevelt Administrations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains newspaper clippings and some correspondence regarding his political activities; clippings of letters to the editors; some items relating to Judaism.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes a small number of miscellaneous photographs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains three books from Banks' personal library as well as manuals of the Senate and House of Delegates of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes Banks' law license, certificates, and photographs.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The papers of Benjamin Banks include letters to the editor, speeches, and literary materials. Political papers span Banks' political career (1908-1913) and his continuing involvement in political issues through the 1940's. Also included in the collection are scrapbooks of newspaper clippings, photographs, memorabilia, and Manuals of the Senate and House of Delegates of Virginia.","This series includes personal correspondence; \"Letters to the Editor\"; miscellaneous material re. Judaism, Christianity, and their relationship; speeches and material for speeches; Literary materials for and copies of The Galaxy; papers relating to George Viett, Norfolk poet-author. Oversized memorabilia are stored in the dropfront box.","Woodrow Wilson Inauguration Issue, March, 1913. Bound Volumes The Galaxy: Vols. I \u0026II, September 1907-August 1909; Vols. III \u0026IV, September 1909 - October 1913","Perhaps written by Banks","Photocopies with partial English translation.","This series includes material regarding Banks' own short political career (1908-1913), his involvement in Norfolk politics, and his participation in presidential campaigns in Virginia (especially in Norfolk) throughout this same period. Also contains correspondence relating to his largely unsuccessful efforts to obtain patronage jobs from both the Wilson and Roosevelt Administrations.","This series contains newspaper clippings and some correspondence regarding his political activities; clippings of letters to the editors; some items relating to Judaism.","This series includes a small number of miscellaneous photographs.","This series contains three books from Banks' personal library as well as manuals of the Senate and House of Delegates of Virginia.","This series includes Banks' law license, certificates, and photographs."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_db8b6bbda8dc93780c6c66436b6855d9\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eLawyer and prominent member of the Norfolk Jewish community. Served on the Norfolk Board of Aldermen (1908-1911) and in the Virginia House of Delegates (1911-1913). Active in local, state and national politics. Includes personal and political correspondence, scrapbooks, letters to the editor, and photographs.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Lawyer and prominent member of the Norfolk Jewish community. Served on the Norfolk Board of Aldermen (1908-1911) and in the Virginia House of Delegates (1911-1913). Active in local, state and national politics. Includes personal and political correspondence, scrapbooks, letters to the editor, and photographs."],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia. General Assembly. House of Delegates","Virginia. General Assembly","Banks, Benjamin A. (1884-1974)"],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Virginia. General Assembly. House of Delegates","Virginia. General Assembly","Banks, Benjamin A. (1884-1974)"],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Virginia. General Assembly. House of Delegates","Virginia. General Assembly"],"persname_ssim":["Banks, Benjamin A. (1884-1974)"],"language_ssim":["English Yiddish"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":230,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T19:43:32.445Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_103"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_987","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Benjamin F. Buchanan memorabilia","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_987#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_987","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_987","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_987","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_987","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_4_resources_987.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/107933","title_ssm":["Benjamin F. Buchanan memorabilia"],"title_tesim":["Benjamin F. Buchanan memorabilia"],"unitdate_ssm":["1861-1983"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1861-1983"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.2019.05","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/987"],"text":["MSS.2019.05","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/987","Benjamin F. Buchanan memorabilia","Benjamin Franklin Buchanan was born October 4, 1859, at Plaster Cove Farm, Smyth County, Virginia. His parents were Patrick Campbell Buchanan and America Virginia Copenhaver. He studied at the University of Virginia where he got his BA degree in 1880 and his LLB in 1884. He was admitted to the Virginia Bar in 1885. He married Eleanor Fairman Sheffey in 1887. They had seven children: John Preston, Patrick Campbell, Josephine \"Dee\", Virginia Campbell Denit, Benjamin Franklin, Eleanor Fairman Starcher, David Hayter Buchanan.\nIn 1885 he founded the law firm of John A. and B. F. Buchanan with offices in Marion and Abingdon, Virginia. A year later his cousin John was elected to the Virginia Supreme Court and he continued practicing law with James L. White until 1912 when his son John Preston Buchanan joined the firm. Together they practiced corporate law at the renamed Buchanan and Buchanan law practice, until his death in 1932.\nBuchanan served as general counsel to the Office of the United States Comptroller, Washington, DC (1915-1921). He was member of the Virginia Senate from the 1st District (1914-1916), representing Smyth and Washington counties; lieutenant governor of Virginia (1918-1922); member of the Virginia Senate from the 15th district (1924-1932), representing the City of Bristol, and Smyth and Washington counties.\nBuchanan was member of the Phi Delta Theta Social Fraternity; member of the Virginia State Bar Association, American Bar Association; Blue Lodge Chapter, Masonic Order (Shriner, Knight Templar); member of the Westmoreland Club, Richmond; Army and Navy Club, Washington; Alfalfa Club, Washington; director of Marion National Bank, Bank of Marion, and First National Bank of Saltville; member of the Board of Visitors, University of Virginia; trustee, Marion Female College and Virginia State Normal School. \nBenjamin Franklin Buchanan died February 21, 1932 of a heart attack. \n(See: Winters, Marvin Eugene: Benjamin Franklin Buchanan 1859-1932 thesis. Box 3)","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.2019.05","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/987"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Benjamin F. Buchanan memorabilia"],"collection_title_tesim":["Benjamin F. Buchanan memorabilia"],"collection_ssim":["Benjamin F. Buchanan memorabilia"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was donated by Courtney Stewart, grandadughter of Benjamin Franklin Buchanan, in April of 2019."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3 Cubic Feet 3 archival boxes, plus 1 oversized box"],"extent_tesim":["3 Cubic Feet 3 archival boxes, plus 1 oversized box"],"date_range_isim":[1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBenjamin Franklin Buchanan was born October 4, 1859, at Plaster Cove Farm, Smyth County, Virginia. His parents were Patrick Campbell Buchanan and America Virginia Copenhaver. He studied at the University of Virginia where he got his BA degree in 1880 and his LLB in 1884. He was admitted to the Virginia Bar in 1885. He married Eleanor Fairman Sheffey in 1887. They had seven children: John Preston, Patrick Campbell, Josephine \"Dee\", Virginia Campbell Denit, Benjamin Franklin, Eleanor Fairman Starcher, David Hayter Buchanan.\nIn 1885 he founded the law firm of John A. and B. F. Buchanan with offices in Marion and Abingdon, Virginia. A year later his cousin John was elected to the Virginia Supreme Court and he continued practicing law with James L. White until 1912 when his son John Preston Buchanan joined the firm. Together they practiced corporate law at the renamed Buchanan and Buchanan law practice, until his death in 1932.\nBuchanan served as general counsel to the Office of the United States Comptroller, Washington, DC (1915-1921). He was member of the Virginia Senate from the 1st District (1914-1916), representing Smyth and Washington counties; lieutenant governor of Virginia (1918-1922); member of the Virginia Senate from the 15th district (1924-1932), representing the City of Bristol, and Smyth and Washington counties.\nBuchanan was member of the Phi Delta Theta Social Fraternity; member of the Virginia State Bar Association, American Bar Association; Blue Lodge Chapter, Masonic Order (Shriner, Knight Templar); member of the Westmoreland Club, Richmond; Army and Navy Club, Washington; Alfalfa Club, Washington; director of Marion National Bank, Bank of Marion, and First National Bank of Saltville; member of the Board of Visitors, University of Virginia; trustee, Marion Female College and Virginia State Normal School. \nBenjamin Franklin Buchanan died February 21, 1932 of a heart attack. \n(See: Winters, Marvin Eugene: Benjamin Franklin Buchanan 1859-1932 thesis. Box 3)\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Benjamin Franklin Buchanan was born October 4, 1859, at Plaster Cove Farm, Smyth County, Virginia. His parents were Patrick Campbell Buchanan and America Virginia Copenhaver. He studied at the University of Virginia where he got his BA degree in 1880 and his LLB in 1884. He was admitted to the Virginia Bar in 1885. He married Eleanor Fairman Sheffey in 1887. They had seven children: John Preston, Patrick Campbell, Josephine \"Dee\", Virginia Campbell Denit, Benjamin Franklin, Eleanor Fairman Starcher, David Hayter Buchanan.\nIn 1885 he founded the law firm of John A. and B. F. Buchanan with offices in Marion and Abingdon, Virginia. A year later his cousin John was elected to the Virginia Supreme Court and he continued practicing law with James L. White until 1912 when his son John Preston Buchanan joined the firm. Together they practiced corporate law at the renamed Buchanan and Buchanan law practice, until his death in 1932.\nBuchanan served as general counsel to the Office of the United States Comptroller, Washington, DC (1915-1921). He was member of the Virginia Senate from the 1st District (1914-1916), representing Smyth and Washington counties; lieutenant governor of Virginia (1918-1922); member of the Virginia Senate from the 15th district (1924-1932), representing the City of Bristol, and Smyth and Washington counties.\nBuchanan was member of the Phi Delta Theta Social Fraternity; member of the Virginia State Bar Association, American Bar Association; Blue Lodge Chapter, Masonic Order (Shriner, Knight Templar); member of the Westmoreland Club, Richmond; Army and Navy Club, Washington; Alfalfa Club, Washington; director of Marion National Bank, Bank of Marion, and First National Bank of Saltville; member of the Board of Visitors, University of Virginia; trustee, Marion Female College and Virginia State Normal School. \nBenjamin Franklin Buchanan died February 21, 1932 of a heart attack. \n(See: Winters, Marvin Eugene: Benjamin Franklin Buchanan 1859-1932 thesis. Box 3)"],"names_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-24T23:27:13.607Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_987","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_987","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_987","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_987","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_4_resources_987.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/107933","title_ssm":["Benjamin F. Buchanan memorabilia"],"title_tesim":["Benjamin F. Buchanan memorabilia"],"unitdate_ssm":["1861-1983"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1861-1983"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.2019.05","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/987"],"text":["MSS.2019.05","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/987","Benjamin F. Buchanan memorabilia","Benjamin Franklin Buchanan was born October 4, 1859, at Plaster Cove Farm, Smyth County, Virginia. His parents were Patrick Campbell Buchanan and America Virginia Copenhaver. He studied at the University of Virginia where he got his BA degree in 1880 and his LLB in 1884. He was admitted to the Virginia Bar in 1885. He married Eleanor Fairman Sheffey in 1887. They had seven children: John Preston, Patrick Campbell, Josephine \"Dee\", Virginia Campbell Denit, Benjamin Franklin, Eleanor Fairman Starcher, David Hayter Buchanan.\nIn 1885 he founded the law firm of John A. and B. F. Buchanan with offices in Marion and Abingdon, Virginia. A year later his cousin John was elected to the Virginia Supreme Court and he continued practicing law with James L. White until 1912 when his son John Preston Buchanan joined the firm. Together they practiced corporate law at the renamed Buchanan and Buchanan law practice, until his death in 1932.\nBuchanan served as general counsel to the Office of the United States Comptroller, Washington, DC (1915-1921). He was member of the Virginia Senate from the 1st District (1914-1916), representing Smyth and Washington counties; lieutenant governor of Virginia (1918-1922); member of the Virginia Senate from the 15th district (1924-1932), representing the City of Bristol, and Smyth and Washington counties.\nBuchanan was member of the Phi Delta Theta Social Fraternity; member of the Virginia State Bar Association, American Bar Association; Blue Lodge Chapter, Masonic Order (Shriner, Knight Templar); member of the Westmoreland Club, Richmond; Army and Navy Club, Washington; Alfalfa Club, Washington; director of Marion National Bank, Bank of Marion, and First National Bank of Saltville; member of the Board of Visitors, University of Virginia; trustee, Marion Female College and Virginia State Normal School. \nBenjamin Franklin Buchanan died February 21, 1932 of a heart attack. \n(See: Winters, Marvin Eugene: Benjamin Franklin Buchanan 1859-1932 thesis. Box 3)","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.2019.05","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/987"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Benjamin F. Buchanan memorabilia"],"collection_title_tesim":["Benjamin F. Buchanan memorabilia"],"collection_ssim":["Benjamin F. Buchanan memorabilia"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was donated by Courtney Stewart, grandadughter of Benjamin Franklin Buchanan, in April of 2019."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3 Cubic Feet 3 archival boxes, plus 1 oversized box"],"extent_tesim":["3 Cubic Feet 3 archival boxes, plus 1 oversized box"],"date_range_isim":[1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBenjamin Franklin Buchanan was born October 4, 1859, at Plaster Cove Farm, Smyth County, Virginia. His parents were Patrick Campbell Buchanan and America Virginia Copenhaver. He studied at the University of Virginia where he got his BA degree in 1880 and his LLB in 1884. He was admitted to the Virginia Bar in 1885. He married Eleanor Fairman Sheffey in 1887. They had seven children: John Preston, Patrick Campbell, Josephine \"Dee\", Virginia Campbell Denit, Benjamin Franklin, Eleanor Fairman Starcher, David Hayter Buchanan.\nIn 1885 he founded the law firm of John A. and B. F. Buchanan with offices in Marion and Abingdon, Virginia. A year later his cousin John was elected to the Virginia Supreme Court and he continued practicing law with James L. White until 1912 when his son John Preston Buchanan joined the firm. Together they practiced corporate law at the renamed Buchanan and Buchanan law practice, until his death in 1932.\nBuchanan served as general counsel to the Office of the United States Comptroller, Washington, DC (1915-1921). He was member of the Virginia Senate from the 1st District (1914-1916), representing Smyth and Washington counties; lieutenant governor of Virginia (1918-1922); member of the Virginia Senate from the 15th district (1924-1932), representing the City of Bristol, and Smyth and Washington counties.\nBuchanan was member of the Phi Delta Theta Social Fraternity; member of the Virginia State Bar Association, American Bar Association; Blue Lodge Chapter, Masonic Order (Shriner, Knight Templar); member of the Westmoreland Club, Richmond; Army and Navy Club, Washington; Alfalfa Club, Washington; director of Marion National Bank, Bank of Marion, and First National Bank of Saltville; member of the Board of Visitors, University of Virginia; trustee, Marion Female College and Virginia State Normal School. \nBenjamin Franklin Buchanan died February 21, 1932 of a heart attack. \n(See: Winters, Marvin Eugene: Benjamin Franklin Buchanan 1859-1932 thesis. Box 3)\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Benjamin Franklin Buchanan was born October 4, 1859, at Plaster Cove Farm, Smyth County, Virginia. His parents were Patrick Campbell Buchanan and America Virginia Copenhaver. He studied at the University of Virginia where he got his BA degree in 1880 and his LLB in 1884. He was admitted to the Virginia Bar in 1885. He married Eleanor Fairman Sheffey in 1887. They had seven children: John Preston, Patrick Campbell, Josephine \"Dee\", Virginia Campbell Denit, Benjamin Franklin, Eleanor Fairman Starcher, David Hayter Buchanan.\nIn 1885 he founded the law firm of John A. and B. F. Buchanan with offices in Marion and Abingdon, Virginia. A year later his cousin John was elected to the Virginia Supreme Court and he continued practicing law with James L. White until 1912 when his son John Preston Buchanan joined the firm. Together they practiced corporate law at the renamed Buchanan and Buchanan law practice, until his death in 1932.\nBuchanan served as general counsel to the Office of the United States Comptroller, Washington, DC (1915-1921). He was member of the Virginia Senate from the 1st District (1914-1916), representing Smyth and Washington counties; lieutenant governor of Virginia (1918-1922); member of the Virginia Senate from the 15th district (1924-1932), representing the City of Bristol, and Smyth and Washington counties.\nBuchanan was member of the Phi Delta Theta Social Fraternity; member of the Virginia State Bar Association, American Bar Association; Blue Lodge Chapter, Masonic Order (Shriner, Knight Templar); member of the Westmoreland Club, Richmond; Army and Navy Club, Washington; Alfalfa Club, Washington; director of Marion National Bank, Bank of Marion, and First National Bank of Saltville; member of the Board of Visitors, University of Virginia; trustee, Marion Female College and Virginia State Normal School. \nBenjamin Franklin Buchanan died February 21, 1932 of a heart attack. \n(See: Winters, Marvin Eugene: Benjamin Franklin Buchanan 1859-1932 thesis. Box 3)"],"names_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-24T23:27:13.607Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_987"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2819","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Benjamin F. Hough Letter,","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2819#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Hough, Benjamin F., d.1864","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2819#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The collection consists of a single letter from Hough to \"Cousin Seymour,\" dated December 2, 1863, written from Libby Prison, near Richmond.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2819#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2819","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2819","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2819","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2819","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2819.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Hough, Benjamin F. Letter","title_ssm":["Benjamin F. Hough Letter,"],"title_tesim":["Benjamin F. Hough Letter,"],"unitdate_ssm":["1863"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1863"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2012.065"],"text":["Ms.2012.065","Benjamin F. Hough Letter,","Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Chickamauga, Battle of, Ga., 1863","Correspondence","Collection is open for research.","Benjamin F. Hough enlisted with 10th Regiment, Wisconsin Infantry as a private with Company K. Prior to late September 1863, he was promoted to corporal. During the Battle of Chickamauga, he was taken prisoner by the Confederate Army, and sent to Libby Prison near Richmond, Virginia. Hough died from disease, possibly at Andersonville Prison in Georgia, June 26, 1864.","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Benjamin F. Hough Letter was completed in October 2012.","The collection consists of a single letter from Hough to \"Cousin Seymour.\" Dated December 2, 1863, the letter requests Seymour send a list of food supplies, paper, and reading materials to Hough at Libby Prison. Hough asks for items such as butter, sugar, salt, crackers and \"any little thing you might think of that would be acceptable to a prisoner here.\"","Permission to publish material from Benjamin F. Hough Letter must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech.","The collection consists of a single letter from Hough to \"Cousin Seymour,\" dated December 2, 1863, written from Libby Prison, near Richmond.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Libby Prison","Hough, Benjamin F., d.1864","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2012.065"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Benjamin F. Hough Letter,"],"collection_title_tesim":["Benjamin F. Hough Letter,"],"collection_ssim":["Benjamin F. Hough Letter,"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Hough, Benjamin F., d.1864"],"creator_ssim":["Hough, Benjamin F., d.1864"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Hough, Benjamin F., d.1864"],"creators_ssim":["Hough, Benjamin F., d.1864"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish material from Benjamin F. Hough Letter must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Benjamin F. Hough Letter was purchased by Special Collections in September 2012."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Chickamauga, Battle of, Ga., 1863","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Chickamauga, Battle of, Ga., 1863","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1863],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBenjamin F. Hough enlisted with 10th Regiment, Wisconsin Infantry as a private with Company K. Prior to late September 1863, he was promoted to corporal. During the Battle of Chickamauga, he was taken prisoner by the Confederate Army, and sent to Libby Prison near Richmond, Virginia. Hough died from disease, possibly at Andersonville Prison in Georgia, June 26, 1864.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Benjamin F. Hough enlisted with 10th Regiment, Wisconsin Infantry as a private with Company K. Prior to late September 1863, he was promoted to corporal. During the Battle of Chickamauga, he was taken prisoner by the Confederate Army, and sent to Libby Prison near Richmond, Virginia. Hough died from disease, possibly at Andersonville Prison in Georgia, June 26, 1864."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: Benjamin F. Hough Letter, Ms2012-065, Special Collections, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: Benjamin F. Hough Letter, Ms2012-065, Special Collections, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Benjamin F. Hough Letter was completed in October 2012.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Benjamin F. Hough Letter was completed in October 2012."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of a single letter from Hough to \"Cousin Seymour.\" Dated December 2, 1863, the letter requests Seymour send a list of food supplies, paper, and reading materials to Hough at Libby Prison. Hough asks for items such as butter, sugar, salt, crackers and \"any little thing you might think of that would be acceptable to a prisoner here.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of a single letter from Hough to \"Cousin Seymour.\" Dated December 2, 1863, the letter requests Seymour send a list of food supplies, paper, and reading materials to Hough at Libby Prison. Hough asks for items such as butter, sugar, salt, crackers and \"any little thing you might think of that would be acceptable to a prisoner here.\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish material from Benjamin F. Hough Letter must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish material from Benjamin F. Hough Letter must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_7cf783193c55c9e76ab021f78c3e2ab8\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection consists of a single letter from Hough to \"Cousin Seymour,\" dated December 2, 1863, written from Libby Prison, near Richmond.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection consists of a single letter from Hough to \"Cousin Seymour,\" dated December 2, 1863, written from Libby Prison, near Richmond."],"names_coll_ssim":["Libby Prison"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Libby Prison","Hough, Benjamin F., d.1864"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Libby Prison"],"persname_ssim":["Hough, Benjamin F., d.1864"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:23:00.098Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2819","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2819","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2819","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2819","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2819.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Hough, Benjamin F. Letter","title_ssm":["Benjamin F. Hough Letter,"],"title_tesim":["Benjamin F. Hough Letter,"],"unitdate_ssm":["1863"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1863"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2012.065"],"text":["Ms.2012.065","Benjamin F. Hough Letter,","Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Chickamauga, Battle of, Ga., 1863","Correspondence","Collection is open for research.","Benjamin F. Hough enlisted with 10th Regiment, Wisconsin Infantry as a private with Company K. Prior to late September 1863, he was promoted to corporal. During the Battle of Chickamauga, he was taken prisoner by the Confederate Army, and sent to Libby Prison near Richmond, Virginia. Hough died from disease, possibly at Andersonville Prison in Georgia, June 26, 1864.","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Benjamin F. Hough Letter was completed in October 2012.","The collection consists of a single letter from Hough to \"Cousin Seymour.\" Dated December 2, 1863, the letter requests Seymour send a list of food supplies, paper, and reading materials to Hough at Libby Prison. Hough asks for items such as butter, sugar, salt, crackers and \"any little thing you might think of that would be acceptable to a prisoner here.\"","Permission to publish material from Benjamin F. Hough Letter must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech.","The collection consists of a single letter from Hough to \"Cousin Seymour,\" dated December 2, 1863, written from Libby Prison, near Richmond.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Libby Prison","Hough, Benjamin F., d.1864","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2012.065"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Benjamin F. Hough Letter,"],"collection_title_tesim":["Benjamin F. Hough Letter,"],"collection_ssim":["Benjamin F. Hough Letter,"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Hough, Benjamin F., d.1864"],"creator_ssim":["Hough, Benjamin F., d.1864"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Hough, Benjamin F., d.1864"],"creators_ssim":["Hough, Benjamin F., d.1864"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish material from Benjamin F. Hough Letter must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Benjamin F. Hough Letter was purchased by Special Collections in September 2012."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Chickamauga, Battle of, Ga., 1863","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Chickamauga, Battle of, Ga., 1863","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1863],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBenjamin F. Hough enlisted with 10th Regiment, Wisconsin Infantry as a private with Company K. Prior to late September 1863, he was promoted to corporal. During the Battle of Chickamauga, he was taken prisoner by the Confederate Army, and sent to Libby Prison near Richmond, Virginia. Hough died from disease, possibly at Andersonville Prison in Georgia, June 26, 1864.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Benjamin F. Hough enlisted with 10th Regiment, Wisconsin Infantry as a private with Company K. Prior to late September 1863, he was promoted to corporal. During the Battle of Chickamauga, he was taken prisoner by the Confederate Army, and sent to Libby Prison near Richmond, Virginia. Hough died from disease, possibly at Andersonville Prison in Georgia, June 26, 1864."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: Benjamin F. Hough Letter, Ms2012-065, Special Collections, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: Benjamin F. Hough Letter, Ms2012-065, Special Collections, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Benjamin F. Hough Letter was completed in October 2012.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Benjamin F. Hough Letter was completed in October 2012."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of a single letter from Hough to \"Cousin Seymour.\" Dated December 2, 1863, the letter requests Seymour send a list of food supplies, paper, and reading materials to Hough at Libby Prison. Hough asks for items such as butter, sugar, salt, crackers and \"any little thing you might think of that would be acceptable to a prisoner here.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of a single letter from Hough to \"Cousin Seymour.\" Dated December 2, 1863, the letter requests Seymour send a list of food supplies, paper, and reading materials to Hough at Libby Prison. Hough asks for items such as butter, sugar, salt, crackers and \"any little thing you might think of that would be acceptable to a prisoner here.\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish material from Benjamin F. Hough Letter must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish material from Benjamin F. Hough Letter must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_7cf783193c55c9e76ab021f78c3e2ab8\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection consists of a single letter from Hough to \"Cousin Seymour,\" dated December 2, 1863, written from Libby Prison, near Richmond.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection consists of a single letter from Hough to \"Cousin Seymour,\" dated December 2, 1863, written from Libby Prison, near Richmond."],"names_coll_ssim":["Libby Prison"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Libby Prison","Hough, Benjamin F., d.1864"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Libby Prison"],"persname_ssim":["Hough, Benjamin F., d.1864"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:23:00.098Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2819"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4230","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Benjamin F. Hughes, Soldier, Civil War Letters","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4230#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Hughes, Benjamin F.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4230#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Benjamin F. Hughes served in the 3rd West Virginia Mounted Infantry and the 6th West Virginia Cavalry during the Civil War. Collection contains four letters from Hughes and other materials from the 1860s. Four letters from Hughes from December 1863 to April 1864 describe the weather; Hughes's health and loss of hearing; a possible visit home; Rosser's Raid on Moorefield, West Virginia; and Confederates at Harper's Ferry. Also includes a December 1861 petition asking the resignation of Capt. Cyrus Webb of Co. F, 3rd regiment, Virginia Volunteers, bearing forty -six signatures, including that of Benjamin F. Hughes. Other Civil War related documents include an 1862 letter from William [Dearing] from Camp Elkwater, West Virginia, about trying to be content under circumstances and conditions of war, not being able to walk home to visit, the weather, and fighting for the preservation of the Union, and a December 1864 letter from A.J. Squires of Preston County, W. Va. about land in Michigan, weather and snow, and family news. Collection also includes an unsigned letter from Fort Kasper, Dakota Territory, giving a description and drawing of Laramie Peak in the vicinity of Platte River dated October 1865.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4230#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4230","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4230","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4230","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4230","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_4230.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/197862","title_ssm":["Benjamin F. Hughes, Soldier, Civil War Letters"],"title_tesim":["Benjamin F. Hughes, Soldier, Civil War Letters"],"unitdate_ssm":["1858-1867"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1858-1867"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 1021","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/4230"],"text":["A\u0026M 1021","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/4230","Benjamin F. Hughes, Soldier, Civil War Letters","No special access restriction applies.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Benjamin F. Hughes served in the 3rd West Virginia Mounted Infantry and the 6th West Virginia Cavalry during the Civil War. Collection contains four letters from Hughes and other materials from the 1860s. Four letters from Hughes from December 1863 to April 1864 describe the weather; Hughes's health and loss of hearing; a possible visit home; Rosser's Raid on Moorefield, West Virginia; and Confederates at Harper's Ferry. Also includes a December 1861 petition asking the resignation of Capt. Cyrus Webb of Co. F, 3rd regiment, Virginia Volunteers, bearing forty -six signatures, including that of Benjamin F. Hughes. Other Civil War related documents include an 1862 letter from William [Dearing] from Camp Elkwater, West Virginia, about trying to be content under circumstances and conditions of war, not being able to walk home to visit, the weather, and fighting for the preservation of the Union, and a December 1864 letter from A.J. Squires of Preston County, W. Va. about land in Michigan, weather and snow, and family news. Collection also includes an unsigned letter from Fort Kasper, Dakota Territory, giving a description and drawing of Laramie Peak in the vicinity of Platte River dated October 1865.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Hughes, Benjamin F.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 1021","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/4230"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Benjamin F. Hughes, Soldier, Civil War Letters"],"collection_title_tesim":["Benjamin F. Hughes, Soldier, Civil War Letters"],"collection_ssim":["Benjamin F. Hughes, Soldier, Civil War Letters"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"creator_ssm":["Hughes, Benjamin F."],"creator_ssim":["Hughes, Benjamin F."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Hughes, Benjamin F."],"creators_ssim":["Hughes, Benjamin F."],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.01 Linear Feet Summary: 1/4 in. (1 folder)"],"extent_tesim":["0.01 Linear Feet Summary: 1/4 in. (1 folder)"],"date_range_isim":[1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Benjamin F. Hughes, Soldier, Civil War Letters, A\u0026amp;M 1021, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Benjamin F. Hughes, Soldier, Civil War Letters, A\u0026M 1021, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_d9ca48cbeedda50965b5c7cf31bacd9d\"\u003eBenjamin F. Hughes served in the 3rd West Virginia Mounted Infantry and the 6th West Virginia Cavalry during the Civil War. Collection contains four letters from Hughes and other materials from the 1860s. Four letters from Hughes from December 1863 to April 1864 describe the weather; Hughes's health and loss of hearing; a possible visit home; Rosser's Raid on Moorefield, West Virginia; and Confederates at Harper's Ferry. Also includes a December 1861 petition asking the resignation of Capt. Cyrus Webb of Co. F, 3rd regiment, Virginia Volunteers, bearing forty -six signatures, including that of Benjamin F. Hughes. Other Civil War related documents include an 1862 letter from William [Dearing] from Camp Elkwater, West Virginia, about trying to be content under circumstances and conditions of war, not being able to walk home to visit, the weather, and fighting for the preservation of the Union, and a December 1864 letter from A.J. Squires of Preston County, W. Va. about land in Michigan, weather and snow, and family news. Collection also includes an unsigned letter from Fort Kasper, Dakota Territory, giving a description and drawing of Laramie Peak in the vicinity of Platte River dated October 1865.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Benjamin F. Hughes served in the 3rd West Virginia Mounted Infantry and the 6th West Virginia Cavalry during the Civil War. Collection contains four letters from Hughes and other materials from the 1860s. Four letters from Hughes from December 1863 to April 1864 describe the weather; Hughes's health and loss of hearing; a possible visit home; Rosser's Raid on Moorefield, West Virginia; and Confederates at Harper's Ferry. Also includes a December 1861 petition asking the resignation of Capt. Cyrus Webb of Co. F, 3rd regiment, Virginia Volunteers, bearing forty -six signatures, including that of Benjamin F. Hughes. Other Civil War related documents include an 1862 letter from William [Dearing] from Camp Elkwater, West Virginia, about trying to be content under circumstances and conditions of war, not being able to walk home to visit, the weather, and fighting for the preservation of the Union, and a December 1864 letter from A.J. Squires of Preston County, W. Va. about land in Michigan, weather and snow, and family news. Collection also includes an unsigned letter from Fort Kasper, Dakota Territory, giving a description and drawing of Laramie Peak in the vicinity of Platte River dated October 1865."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_c7f10996d04daaa60f20e7b3f0bb0285\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Hughes, Benjamin F."],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"persname_ssim":["Hughes, Benjamin F."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:50:29.073Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4230","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4230","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4230","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4230","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_4230.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/197862","title_ssm":["Benjamin F. Hughes, Soldier, Civil War Letters"],"title_tesim":["Benjamin F. Hughes, Soldier, Civil War Letters"],"unitdate_ssm":["1858-1867"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1858-1867"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 1021","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/4230"],"text":["A\u0026M 1021","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/4230","Benjamin F. Hughes, Soldier, Civil War Letters","No special access restriction applies.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Benjamin F. Hughes served in the 3rd West Virginia Mounted Infantry and the 6th West Virginia Cavalry during the Civil War. Collection contains four letters from Hughes and other materials from the 1860s. Four letters from Hughes from December 1863 to April 1864 describe the weather; Hughes's health and loss of hearing; a possible visit home; Rosser's Raid on Moorefield, West Virginia; and Confederates at Harper's Ferry. Also includes a December 1861 petition asking the resignation of Capt. Cyrus Webb of Co. F, 3rd regiment, Virginia Volunteers, bearing forty -six signatures, including that of Benjamin F. Hughes. Other Civil War related documents include an 1862 letter from William [Dearing] from Camp Elkwater, West Virginia, about trying to be content under circumstances and conditions of war, not being able to walk home to visit, the weather, and fighting for the preservation of the Union, and a December 1864 letter from A.J. Squires of Preston County, W. Va. about land in Michigan, weather and snow, and family news. Collection also includes an unsigned letter from Fort Kasper, Dakota Territory, giving a description and drawing of Laramie Peak in the vicinity of Platte River dated October 1865.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Hughes, Benjamin F.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 1021","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/4230"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Benjamin F. Hughes, Soldier, Civil War Letters"],"collection_title_tesim":["Benjamin F. Hughes, Soldier, Civil War Letters"],"collection_ssim":["Benjamin F. Hughes, Soldier, Civil War Letters"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"creator_ssm":["Hughes, Benjamin F."],"creator_ssim":["Hughes, Benjamin F."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Hughes, Benjamin F."],"creators_ssim":["Hughes, Benjamin F."],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.01 Linear Feet Summary: 1/4 in. (1 folder)"],"extent_tesim":["0.01 Linear Feet Summary: 1/4 in. (1 folder)"],"date_range_isim":[1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Benjamin F. Hughes, Soldier, Civil War Letters, A\u0026amp;M 1021, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Benjamin F. Hughes, Soldier, Civil War Letters, A\u0026M 1021, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_d9ca48cbeedda50965b5c7cf31bacd9d\"\u003eBenjamin F. Hughes served in the 3rd West Virginia Mounted Infantry and the 6th West Virginia Cavalry during the Civil War. Collection contains four letters from Hughes and other materials from the 1860s. Four letters from Hughes from December 1863 to April 1864 describe the weather; Hughes's health and loss of hearing; a possible visit home; Rosser's Raid on Moorefield, West Virginia; and Confederates at Harper's Ferry. Also includes a December 1861 petition asking the resignation of Capt. Cyrus Webb of Co. F, 3rd regiment, Virginia Volunteers, bearing forty -six signatures, including that of Benjamin F. Hughes. Other Civil War related documents include an 1862 letter from William [Dearing] from Camp Elkwater, West Virginia, about trying to be content under circumstances and conditions of war, not being able to walk home to visit, the weather, and fighting for the preservation of the Union, and a December 1864 letter from A.J. Squires of Preston County, W. Va. about land in Michigan, weather and snow, and family news. Collection also includes an unsigned letter from Fort Kasper, Dakota Territory, giving a description and drawing of Laramie Peak in the vicinity of Platte River dated October 1865.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Benjamin F. Hughes served in the 3rd West Virginia Mounted Infantry and the 6th West Virginia Cavalry during the Civil War. Collection contains four letters from Hughes and other materials from the 1860s. Four letters from Hughes from December 1863 to April 1864 describe the weather; Hughes's health and loss of hearing; a possible visit home; Rosser's Raid on Moorefield, West Virginia; and Confederates at Harper's Ferry. Also includes a December 1861 petition asking the resignation of Capt. Cyrus Webb of Co. F, 3rd regiment, Virginia Volunteers, bearing forty -six signatures, including that of Benjamin F. Hughes. Other Civil War related documents include an 1862 letter from William [Dearing] from Camp Elkwater, West Virginia, about trying to be content under circumstances and conditions of war, not being able to walk home to visit, the weather, and fighting for the preservation of the Union, and a December 1864 letter from A.J. Squires of Preston County, W. Va. about land in Michigan, weather and snow, and family news. Collection also includes an unsigned letter from Fort Kasper, Dakota Territory, giving a description and drawing of Laramie Peak in the vicinity of Platte River dated October 1865."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_c7f10996d04daaa60f20e7b3f0bb0285\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Hughes, Benjamin F."],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"persname_ssim":["Hughes, Benjamin F."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:50:29.073Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4230"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2180","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Benjamin F. Hughes, Soldier, Civil War Letters and Other Material","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2180#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Hughes, Benjamin F.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2180#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eTranscripts and originals of letters regarding the Civil War authored by Sergeant Benjamin F. Hughes of Company F, West Virginia 3rd Regiment, and of Company D, West Virginia 6th Cavalry (10 items, 11 leaves). Subjects include battle of Allegheny Mountain (1861), battle of Droop Mountain (1863), service as a scout, report on wounded, his health, camp life, the home front, and opinions regarding the war. These letters were sent from locations mostly in West Virginia. There are also pension records for Hughes (1892-1906) and other material.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2180#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2180","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2180","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2180","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2180","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_2180.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/196274","title_ssm":["Benjamin F. Hughes, Soldier, Civil War Letters and Other Material"],"title_tesim":["Benjamin F. Hughes, Soldier, Civil War Letters and Other Material"],"unitdate_ssm":["1854-1906 and undated"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1854-1906 and undated"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 3741","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2180"],"text":["A\u0026M 3741","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2180","Benjamin F. Hughes, Soldier, Civil War Letters and Other Material","Civil War - West Virginia 3rd Regiment, Company F.","Civil War - West Virginia 6th Cavalry, Company D.","Civil War battles - Allegheny Mountain.","Civil War battles - Droop Mountain.","Civil War battles - Greenbrier River.","No special access restriction applies.","Researchers may access digitized materials by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc.","Transcripts and originals of letters regarding the Civil War authored by Sergeant Benjamin F. Hughes of Company F, West Virginia 3rd Regiment, and of Company D, West Virginia 6th Cavalry (10 items, 11 leaves). Subjects include battle of Allegheny Mountain (1861), battle of Droop Mountain (1863), service as a scout, report on wounded, his health, camp life, the home front, and opinions regarding the war. These letters were sent from locations mostly in West Virginia. There are also pension records for Hughes (1892-1906) and other material.","This addendum contains five letters and a leather-bound notebook. The letters were either written by or sent to Hughes; one of the letters is dated from 1860, two from 1861, one from 1863, and one is undated (box 1, folder 11). The notebook was kept by Hughes between the years of 1857 and 1861 (box 1, folder 12). (1857-1863, undated; 5 letters consisting of 7 leaves and 13 pages, 1 notebook)","The letter of 5 October 1860 was written by David Hibbs and addressed to a \"Dear friend\", presumably Hughes. Hibbs offers news of family members and mutual acquaintances. He also discusses visiting Hughes for a hunt, but is concerned about the dangers and expense of traveling.","The letter of 20 April 1861 consists of two parts. The first part is likely a draft of an unsent letter from Hughes to President Lincoln regarding Hughes' concern about the number of secessionists in (West) Virginia and the threat that they pose to the Union, as well as the need for Unionists to arm and organize. The second part is a separate letter written on the same leaf of paper, in blue ink rather than the usual black. This letter is signed \"a girl in trouble\" and has no salutation. This letter appears to have been written by a young woman engaged to a young man that she no longer loves and wishes for the recipient, presumably Hughes, to aid her in breaking the engagement. There is also a photocopy of these two letters.","The letter of 25 December 1861, written by Hughes from Camp Leedsville in Randolph County, is addressed to Dr. A. Brown. Hughes describes the hardships of the soldiering lifestyle, but also his determination. He describes the Battle of Greenbrier River (3 October 1861) in detail and also makes reference to the Battle of Allegheny Mountain (13 December 1861), as well as other conflicts with Confederate troops and secessionist sympathizers. Hughes takes a hardline stance against all rebels, describing his habit of killing such men where he finds them. He writes that there are no Confederate troops currently on his side of the mountains and he predicts that the fighting will soon be finished, at least in (West) Virginia. Hughes mentions the possibility that Britain might enter the war on the side of the South; such speculation is likely a consequence of the Trent Affair having occurred the previous month.","The letter of 1 June 1863 was written to Hughes by his mother. She expresses concern for the Hughes and is particularly worried because she has not received any letter from him recently. She also provides news from home about Hughes' father, friends, and other acquaintances.","There is also an undated letter fragment signed by Hughes which appears to be the final pages of a longer letter. Hughes writes from Fort Kasper in the Dakota Territory and gives his rank as Sergeant. The letter regards Hughes' opinions regarding the local Indians, namely that they cannot be civilized and should be exterminated so that American settlers and miners can make better use of their land. Hughes asks for news from the States and writes that he has heard little of goings on back east \"since the war closed\".","The leather-bound notebook contains financial accounts, measurements, and technical sketches (1857-1860); and notes regarding Hughes' military service (1861).","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Hughes, Benjamin F.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 3741","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2180"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Benjamin F. Hughes, Soldier, Civil War Letters and Other Material"],"collection_title_tesim":["Benjamin F. Hughes, Soldier, Civil War Letters and Other Material"],"collection_ssim":["Benjamin F. Hughes, Soldier, Civil War Letters and Other Material"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"creator_ssm":["Hughes, Benjamin F."],"creator_ssim":["Hughes, Benjamin F."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Hughes, Benjamin F."],"creators_ssim":["Hughes, Benjamin F."],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift from Doerschner, Frances, 2010 July 15"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Civil War - West Virginia 3rd Regiment, Company F.","Civil War - West Virginia 6th Cavalry, Company D.","Civil War battles - Allegheny Mountain.","Civil War battles - Droop Mountain.","Civil War battles - Greenbrier River."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Civil War - West Virginia 3rd Regiment, Company F.","Civil War - West Virginia 6th Cavalry, Company D.","Civil War battles - Allegheny Mountain.","Civil War battles - Droop Mountain.","Civil War battles - Greenbrier River."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.21 Linear Feet 2.5 in. (1 document case)"],"extent_tesim":["0.21 Linear Feet 2.5 in. (1 document case)"],"date_range_isim":[1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may access digitized materials by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies.","Researchers may access digitized materials by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Benjamin F. Hughes, Soldier, Civil War Letters and Other Material, A\u0026amp;M 3741, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Benjamin F. Hughes, Soldier, Civil War Letters and Other Material, A\u0026M 3741, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTranscripts and originals of letters regarding the Civil War authored by Sergeant Benjamin F. Hughes of Company F, West Virginia 3rd Regiment, and of Company D, West Virginia 6th Cavalry (10 items, 11 leaves). Subjects include battle of Allegheny Mountain (1861), battle of Droop Mountain (1863), service as a scout, report on wounded, his health, camp life, the home front, and opinions regarding the war. These letters were sent from locations mostly in West Virginia. There are also pension records for Hughes (1892-1906) and other material.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis addendum contains five letters and a leather-bound notebook. The letters were either written by or sent to Hughes; one of the letters is dated from 1860, two from 1861, one from 1863, and one is undated (box 1, folder 11). The notebook was kept by Hughes between the years of 1857 and 1861 (box 1, folder 12). (1857-1863, undated; 5 letters consisting of 7 leaves and 13 pages, 1 notebook)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe letter of 5 October 1860 was written by David Hibbs and addressed to a \"Dear friend\", presumably Hughes. Hibbs offers news of family members and mutual acquaintances. He also discusses visiting Hughes for a hunt, but is concerned about the dangers and expense of traveling.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe letter of 20 April 1861 consists of two parts. The first part is likely a draft of an unsent letter from Hughes to President Lincoln regarding Hughes' concern about the number of secessionists in (West) Virginia and the threat that they pose to the Union, as well as the need for Unionists to arm and organize. The second part is a separate letter written on the same leaf of paper, in blue ink rather than the usual black. This letter is signed \"a girl in trouble\" and has no salutation. This letter appears to have been written by a young woman engaged to a young man that she no longer loves and wishes for the recipient, presumably Hughes, to aid her in breaking the engagement. There is also a photocopy of these two letters.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe letter of 25 December 1861, written by Hughes from Camp Leedsville in Randolph County, is addressed to Dr. A. Brown. Hughes describes the hardships of the soldiering lifestyle, but also his determination. He describes the Battle of Greenbrier River (3 October 1861) in detail and also makes reference to the Battle of Allegheny Mountain (13 December 1861), as well as other conflicts with Confederate troops and secessionist sympathizers. Hughes takes a hardline stance against all rebels, describing his habit of killing such men where he finds them. He writes that there are no Confederate troops currently on his side of the mountains and he predicts that the fighting will soon be finished, at least in (West) Virginia. Hughes mentions the possibility that Britain might enter the war on the side of the South; such speculation is likely a consequence of the Trent Affair having occurred the previous month.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe letter of 1 June 1863 was written to Hughes by his mother. She expresses concern for the Hughes and is particularly worried because she has not received any letter from him recently. She also provides news from home about Hughes' father, friends, and other acquaintances.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere is also an undated letter fragment signed by Hughes which appears to be the final pages of a longer letter. Hughes writes from Fort Kasper in the Dakota Territory and gives his rank as Sergeant. The letter regards Hughes' opinions regarding the local Indians, namely that they cannot be civilized and should be exterminated so that American settlers and miners can make better use of their land. Hughes asks for news from the States and writes that he has heard little of goings on back east \"since the war closed\".\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe leather-bound notebook contains financial accounts, measurements, and technical sketches (1857-1860); and notes regarding Hughes' military service (1861).\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Transcripts and originals of letters regarding the Civil War authored by Sergeant Benjamin F. Hughes of Company F, West Virginia 3rd Regiment, and of Company D, West Virginia 6th Cavalry (10 items, 11 leaves). Subjects include battle of Allegheny Mountain (1861), battle of Droop Mountain (1863), service as a scout, report on wounded, his health, camp life, the home front, and opinions regarding the war. These letters were sent from locations mostly in West Virginia. There are also pension records for Hughes (1892-1906) and other material.","This addendum contains five letters and a leather-bound notebook. The letters were either written by or sent to Hughes; one of the letters is dated from 1860, two from 1861, one from 1863, and one is undated (box 1, folder 11). The notebook was kept by Hughes between the years of 1857 and 1861 (box 1, folder 12). (1857-1863, undated; 5 letters consisting of 7 leaves and 13 pages, 1 notebook)","The letter of 5 October 1860 was written by David Hibbs and addressed to a \"Dear friend\", presumably Hughes. Hibbs offers news of family members and mutual acquaintances. He also discusses visiting Hughes for a hunt, but is concerned about the dangers and expense of traveling.","The letter of 20 April 1861 consists of two parts. The first part is likely a draft of an unsent letter from Hughes to President Lincoln regarding Hughes' concern about the number of secessionists in (West) Virginia and the threat that they pose to the Union, as well as the need for Unionists to arm and organize. The second part is a separate letter written on the same leaf of paper, in blue ink rather than the usual black. This letter is signed \"a girl in trouble\" and has no salutation. This letter appears to have been written by a young woman engaged to a young man that she no longer loves and wishes for the recipient, presumably Hughes, to aid her in breaking the engagement. There is also a photocopy of these two letters.","The letter of 25 December 1861, written by Hughes from Camp Leedsville in Randolph County, is addressed to Dr. A. Brown. Hughes describes the hardships of the soldiering lifestyle, but also his determination. He describes the Battle of Greenbrier River (3 October 1861) in detail and also makes reference to the Battle of Allegheny Mountain (13 December 1861), as well as other conflicts with Confederate troops and secessionist sympathizers. Hughes takes a hardline stance against all rebels, describing his habit of killing such men where he finds them. He writes that there are no Confederate troops currently on his side of the mountains and he predicts that the fighting will soon be finished, at least in (West) Virginia. Hughes mentions the possibility that Britain might enter the war on the side of the South; such speculation is likely a consequence of the Trent Affair having occurred the previous month.","The letter of 1 June 1863 was written to Hughes by his mother. She expresses concern for the Hughes and is particularly worried because she has not received any letter from him recently. She also provides news from home about Hughes' father, friends, and other acquaintances.","There is also an undated letter fragment signed by Hughes which appears to be the final pages of a longer letter. Hughes writes from Fort Kasper in the Dakota Territory and gives his rank as Sergeant. The letter regards Hughes' opinions regarding the local Indians, namely that they cannot be civilized and should be exterminated so that American settlers and miners can make better use of their land. Hughes asks for news from the States and writes that he has heard little of goings on back east \"since the war closed\".","The leather-bound notebook contains financial accounts, measurements, and technical sketches (1857-1860); and notes regarding Hughes' military service (1861)."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_6c2d6eb6cd7e32e647a31d5cc58be3bf\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Hughes, Benjamin F."],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"names_coll_ssim":["Hughes, Benjamin F."],"persname_ssim":["Hughes, Benjamin F."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":9,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:43:38.766Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2180","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2180","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2180","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2180","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_2180.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/196274","title_ssm":["Benjamin F. Hughes, Soldier, Civil War Letters and Other Material"],"title_tesim":["Benjamin F. Hughes, Soldier, Civil War Letters and Other Material"],"unitdate_ssm":["1854-1906 and undated"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1854-1906 and undated"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 3741","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2180"],"text":["A\u0026M 3741","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2180","Benjamin F. Hughes, Soldier, Civil War Letters and Other Material","Civil War - West Virginia 3rd Regiment, Company F.","Civil War - West Virginia 6th Cavalry, Company D.","Civil War battles - Allegheny Mountain.","Civil War battles - Droop Mountain.","Civil War battles - Greenbrier River.","No special access restriction applies.","Researchers may access digitized materials by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc.","Transcripts and originals of letters regarding the Civil War authored by Sergeant Benjamin F. Hughes of Company F, West Virginia 3rd Regiment, and of Company D, West Virginia 6th Cavalry (10 items, 11 leaves). Subjects include battle of Allegheny Mountain (1861), battle of Droop Mountain (1863), service as a scout, report on wounded, his health, camp life, the home front, and opinions regarding the war. These letters were sent from locations mostly in West Virginia. There are also pension records for Hughes (1892-1906) and other material.","This addendum contains five letters and a leather-bound notebook. The letters were either written by or sent to Hughes; one of the letters is dated from 1860, two from 1861, one from 1863, and one is undated (box 1, folder 11). The notebook was kept by Hughes between the years of 1857 and 1861 (box 1, folder 12). (1857-1863, undated; 5 letters consisting of 7 leaves and 13 pages, 1 notebook)","The letter of 5 October 1860 was written by David Hibbs and addressed to a \"Dear friend\", presumably Hughes. Hibbs offers news of family members and mutual acquaintances. He also discusses visiting Hughes for a hunt, but is concerned about the dangers and expense of traveling.","The letter of 20 April 1861 consists of two parts. The first part is likely a draft of an unsent letter from Hughes to President Lincoln regarding Hughes' concern about the number of secessionists in (West) Virginia and the threat that they pose to the Union, as well as the need for Unionists to arm and organize. The second part is a separate letter written on the same leaf of paper, in blue ink rather than the usual black. This letter is signed \"a girl in trouble\" and has no salutation. This letter appears to have been written by a young woman engaged to a young man that she no longer loves and wishes for the recipient, presumably Hughes, to aid her in breaking the engagement. There is also a photocopy of these two letters.","The letter of 25 December 1861, written by Hughes from Camp Leedsville in Randolph County, is addressed to Dr. A. Brown. Hughes describes the hardships of the soldiering lifestyle, but also his determination. He describes the Battle of Greenbrier River (3 October 1861) in detail and also makes reference to the Battle of Allegheny Mountain (13 December 1861), as well as other conflicts with Confederate troops and secessionist sympathizers. Hughes takes a hardline stance against all rebels, describing his habit of killing such men where he finds them. He writes that there are no Confederate troops currently on his side of the mountains and he predicts that the fighting will soon be finished, at least in (West) Virginia. Hughes mentions the possibility that Britain might enter the war on the side of the South; such speculation is likely a consequence of the Trent Affair having occurred the previous month.","The letter of 1 June 1863 was written to Hughes by his mother. She expresses concern for the Hughes and is particularly worried because she has not received any letter from him recently. She also provides news from home about Hughes' father, friends, and other acquaintances.","There is also an undated letter fragment signed by Hughes which appears to be the final pages of a longer letter. Hughes writes from Fort Kasper in the Dakota Territory and gives his rank as Sergeant. The letter regards Hughes' opinions regarding the local Indians, namely that they cannot be civilized and should be exterminated so that American settlers and miners can make better use of their land. Hughes asks for news from the States and writes that he has heard little of goings on back east \"since the war closed\".","The leather-bound notebook contains financial accounts, measurements, and technical sketches (1857-1860); and notes regarding Hughes' military service (1861).","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Hughes, Benjamin F.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 3741","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2180"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Benjamin F. Hughes, Soldier, Civil War Letters and Other Material"],"collection_title_tesim":["Benjamin F. Hughes, Soldier, Civil War Letters and Other Material"],"collection_ssim":["Benjamin F. Hughes, Soldier, Civil War Letters and Other Material"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"creator_ssm":["Hughes, Benjamin F."],"creator_ssim":["Hughes, Benjamin F."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Hughes, Benjamin F."],"creators_ssim":["Hughes, Benjamin F."],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift from Doerschner, Frances, 2010 July 15"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Civil War - West Virginia 3rd Regiment, Company F.","Civil War - West Virginia 6th Cavalry, Company D.","Civil War battles - Allegheny Mountain.","Civil War battles - Droop Mountain.","Civil War battles - Greenbrier River."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Civil War - West Virginia 3rd Regiment, Company F.","Civil War - West Virginia 6th Cavalry, Company D.","Civil War battles - Allegheny Mountain.","Civil War battles - Droop Mountain.","Civil War battles - Greenbrier River."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.21 Linear Feet 2.5 in. (1 document case)"],"extent_tesim":["0.21 Linear Feet 2.5 in. (1 document case)"],"date_range_isim":[1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may access digitized materials by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies.","Researchers may access digitized materials by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Benjamin F. Hughes, Soldier, Civil War Letters and Other Material, A\u0026amp;M 3741, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Benjamin F. Hughes, Soldier, Civil War Letters and Other Material, A\u0026M 3741, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTranscripts and originals of letters regarding the Civil War authored by Sergeant Benjamin F. Hughes of Company F, West Virginia 3rd Regiment, and of Company D, West Virginia 6th Cavalry (10 items, 11 leaves). Subjects include battle of Allegheny Mountain (1861), battle of Droop Mountain (1863), service as a scout, report on wounded, his health, camp life, the home front, and opinions regarding the war. These letters were sent from locations mostly in West Virginia. There are also pension records for Hughes (1892-1906) and other material.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis addendum contains five letters and a leather-bound notebook. The letters were either written by or sent to Hughes; one of the letters is dated from 1860, two from 1861, one from 1863, and one is undated (box 1, folder 11). The notebook was kept by Hughes between the years of 1857 and 1861 (box 1, folder 12). (1857-1863, undated; 5 letters consisting of 7 leaves and 13 pages, 1 notebook)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe letter of 5 October 1860 was written by David Hibbs and addressed to a \"Dear friend\", presumably Hughes. Hibbs offers news of family members and mutual acquaintances. He also discusses visiting Hughes for a hunt, but is concerned about the dangers and expense of traveling.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe letter of 20 April 1861 consists of two parts. The first part is likely a draft of an unsent letter from Hughes to President Lincoln regarding Hughes' concern about the number of secessionists in (West) Virginia and the threat that they pose to the Union, as well as the need for Unionists to arm and organize. The second part is a separate letter written on the same leaf of paper, in blue ink rather than the usual black. This letter is signed \"a girl in trouble\" and has no salutation. This letter appears to have been written by a young woman engaged to a young man that she no longer loves and wishes for the recipient, presumably Hughes, to aid her in breaking the engagement. There is also a photocopy of these two letters.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe letter of 25 December 1861, written by Hughes from Camp Leedsville in Randolph County, is addressed to Dr. A. Brown. Hughes describes the hardships of the soldiering lifestyle, but also his determination. He describes the Battle of Greenbrier River (3 October 1861) in detail and also makes reference to the Battle of Allegheny Mountain (13 December 1861), as well as other conflicts with Confederate troops and secessionist sympathizers. Hughes takes a hardline stance against all rebels, describing his habit of killing such men where he finds them. He writes that there are no Confederate troops currently on his side of the mountains and he predicts that the fighting will soon be finished, at least in (West) Virginia. Hughes mentions the possibility that Britain might enter the war on the side of the South; such speculation is likely a consequence of the Trent Affair having occurred the previous month.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe letter of 1 June 1863 was written to Hughes by his mother. She expresses concern for the Hughes and is particularly worried because she has not received any letter from him recently. She also provides news from home about Hughes' father, friends, and other acquaintances.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere is also an undated letter fragment signed by Hughes which appears to be the final pages of a longer letter. Hughes writes from Fort Kasper in the Dakota Territory and gives his rank as Sergeant. The letter regards Hughes' opinions regarding the local Indians, namely that they cannot be civilized and should be exterminated so that American settlers and miners can make better use of their land. Hughes asks for news from the States and writes that he has heard little of goings on back east \"since the war closed\".\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe leather-bound notebook contains financial accounts, measurements, and technical sketches (1857-1860); and notes regarding Hughes' military service (1861).\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Transcripts and originals of letters regarding the Civil War authored by Sergeant Benjamin F. Hughes of Company F, West Virginia 3rd Regiment, and of Company D, West Virginia 6th Cavalry (10 items, 11 leaves). Subjects include battle of Allegheny Mountain (1861), battle of Droop Mountain (1863), service as a scout, report on wounded, his health, camp life, the home front, and opinions regarding the war. These letters were sent from locations mostly in West Virginia. There are also pension records for Hughes (1892-1906) and other material.","This addendum contains five letters and a leather-bound notebook. The letters were either written by or sent to Hughes; one of the letters is dated from 1860, two from 1861, one from 1863, and one is undated (box 1, folder 11). The notebook was kept by Hughes between the years of 1857 and 1861 (box 1, folder 12). (1857-1863, undated; 5 letters consisting of 7 leaves and 13 pages, 1 notebook)","The letter of 5 October 1860 was written by David Hibbs and addressed to a \"Dear friend\", presumably Hughes. Hibbs offers news of family members and mutual acquaintances. He also discusses visiting Hughes for a hunt, but is concerned about the dangers and expense of traveling.","The letter of 20 April 1861 consists of two parts. The first part is likely a draft of an unsent letter from Hughes to President Lincoln regarding Hughes' concern about the number of secessionists in (West) Virginia and the threat that they pose to the Union, as well as the need for Unionists to arm and organize. The second part is a separate letter written on the same leaf of paper, in blue ink rather than the usual black. This letter is signed \"a girl in trouble\" and has no salutation. This letter appears to have been written by a young woman engaged to a young man that she no longer loves and wishes for the recipient, presumably Hughes, to aid her in breaking the engagement. There is also a photocopy of these two letters.","The letter of 25 December 1861, written by Hughes from Camp Leedsville in Randolph County, is addressed to Dr. A. Brown. Hughes describes the hardships of the soldiering lifestyle, but also his determination. He describes the Battle of Greenbrier River (3 October 1861) in detail and also makes reference to the Battle of Allegheny Mountain (13 December 1861), as well as other conflicts with Confederate troops and secessionist sympathizers. Hughes takes a hardline stance against all rebels, describing his habit of killing such men where he finds them. He writes that there are no Confederate troops currently on his side of the mountains and he predicts that the fighting will soon be finished, at least in (West) Virginia. Hughes mentions the possibility that Britain might enter the war on the side of the South; such speculation is likely a consequence of the Trent Affair having occurred the previous month.","The letter of 1 June 1863 was written to Hughes by his mother. She expresses concern for the Hughes and is particularly worried because she has not received any letter from him recently. She also provides news from home about Hughes' father, friends, and other acquaintances.","There is also an undated letter fragment signed by Hughes which appears to be the final pages of a longer letter. Hughes writes from Fort Kasper in the Dakota Territory and gives his rank as Sergeant. The letter regards Hughes' opinions regarding the local Indians, namely that they cannot be civilized and should be exterminated so that American settlers and miners can make better use of their land. Hughes asks for news from the States and writes that he has heard little of goings on back east \"since the war closed\".","The leather-bound notebook contains financial accounts, measurements, and technical sketches (1857-1860); and notes regarding Hughes' military service (1861)."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_6c2d6eb6cd7e32e647a31d5cc58be3bf\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. 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