{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Commonwealth+University%2C+Cabell+Library\u0026view=compact","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Commonwealth+University%2C+Cabell+Library\u0026page=1\u0026view=compact"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":10,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Adele Goodman Clark papers","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_279#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_279#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Adèle Goodman Clark papers document the life and activities of Miss Clark (1882-1983) throughout her adult life, as well as those of her closest friends and relatives. Miss Clark was a member of a small group of civically active Richmond women whose names appear throughout the collection. Of particular note are members of Clark's family, Edith Clark Cowles, Willoughby Ions, and friends Roberta Wellford, Lila Meade Valentine, Lucy Randolph Mason, Ida Mae Thompson, Eudora W. Ramsay Richardson, Nora Houston and Josephine Houston. A list and chart describing the family relationships follows the Series Description and Arrangement, which specifically details the arrangement of the collection and highlights areas of particular significance within each series.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_279#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_279.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Clark, Adele Goodman, papers","title_ssm":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"title_tesim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1849-1978"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1849-1978"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 9","/repositories/5/resources/279"],"text":["M 9","/repositories/5/resources/279","Adele Goodman Clark papers","Women -- Suffrage -- Virginia -- Richmond","Art -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond","Collection is open to research.","Series I--Correspondence and Family Materials (n.d., 1849-1971) ; Series II--Business/Civic Organization Correspondence (n.d., 1903-1971) ; Series III--Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV) (n.d., 1892-1926) ; Series IV: Richmond League of Women Voters (n.d., 1920- 1978) ; Series V--Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) (n.d., 1915-1967) ; Series VI--The League of Women Voters of Virginia (n.d., 1945-1970) ; Series VII--The National League of Women Voters (n.d., 1919-1947) ; Series VIII--League of Women Voters (n.d., 1946-1976) ; Series IX--Commission on Simplification of State and Local Government (n.d., 1921- 1927) ; Series X--Liberal Arts College for Women Commission (n.d., 1918-1938) ; Series XI--National Reemployment Service (n.d., 1925-1938) ; Series XII--Lila Meade Valentine memorial Association (n.d., 1921-1936) ; Series XIII--Religious Materials ; Series XIV--Art (n.d., 1850-1971) ; Series XV--Ephemera and Photographs (n.d., ca. 1850 - ca. 1970)","A founding member of the Virginia suffrage movement and a prominent supporter of the arts in Virginia, Adèle Goodman Clark (1882-1983) exemplified the influential role civically active women played in the major social reform movements of the twentieth century. Calling politics and art her \"creative spirits\", Clark was involved in a number of reform initiatives throughout her century of life that championed the rights of women and promoted the arts.","The second oldest daughter of Robert Clark (1832?-1906) and Estelle Goodman Clark (1847-1937), Adèle was born in Montgomery, Alabama on September 27, 1882. Before moving permanently to Richmond, the Clark family lived in New Orleans, LA, as well as the small town of Pass Christian, MS. It was in a one room school house in the latter town that Adèle developed a fondness for the arts. After her family moved to Richmond in 1894, Adèle enrolled in the Virginia Randolph Ellett School (now St. Catherine's). Adèle also studied art with Lilly M. Logan, who ran the art school at the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906 she was awarded a scholarship to the New York School of Fine and Applied Arts (the Chase School of Art), where she studied under Kenneth Hays Miller, Douglas Cannal, William M. Chase, and Robert Henri, leader of the \"Ash Can\" school of painting. Upon her return to Richmond, Clark began a teaching career at the Art Club of Richmond. It was here that Adèle began her long association and friendship with acclaimed Virginia artist, Nora Houston. When the Art Club of Richmond was dissolved in 1917, the women went on to establish The Atelier. Under their direction this private art studio, located adjacent to Clark's Chamberlayne Avenue residence, became a training ground for such noted Virginia artists as Edmund Archer, Eleanor Fry and Theresa Pollack (founder of the VCU School of the Arts). Two years later they founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, where they both held the title of artistic director. During this period, they participated in a fundraising campaign for the resurrection of the old Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. Their goal became a reality in 1930 when the new Richmond Academy of Arts, forerunner to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, was established on Capitol Street.*","Clark's interest in the suffrage movement began in 1909 when she was asked by novelist Ellen Glasgow to sign a petition calling for Virginia women to gain voting privileges. On November 27th of that year Clark, along with eighteen other civic-minded women, held a preliminary meeting to discuss the establishment of a state-wide suffrage organization. At this first meeting of what would become the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, Clark was elected secretary, a position she held for one year. She later helped direct legislative initiatives, organized suffrage rallies and went on speaking tours that helped establish new League chapters throughout the state. Clark also served for several years as chair of the ratification committee and head of the Equal Suffrage League lobby to the Virginia General Assembly.","After passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 (which was ratified by Virginia in 1952), the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia was transformed into the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV). For nearly two decades Clark played a major role in the VLWV.","Selected as the VLWV's first chair in 1920, Clark became president one year later. She held this position for eighteen years (nonconsecutively). Her work in the VLWV involved constant study of legislation involving social issues and governmental efficiency and administration. In 1924, Clark was elected to the board of the National League of Women Voters (NLWV) as Director of the Third Region. The region included Washington, D.C., Virginia, and six other southern states. The following year she was elected Second Vice President of the NLWV, in which capacity she served until the Spring of 1928. During that period Clark traveled to conventions in twenty-four states on speaking tours. Along with other officers of the NLWV she helped resolve league organizational problems.","In addition to her work for the VLWV and NLWV, Clark also served on two important state government commissions. In 1922, Governor E. Lee Trinkle appointed her to the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government, on which she served for two years as secretary of the Commission. In addition to performing the editorial and clerical work of the Commission, Clark also authored several of the chapters of the Commission's final report (January 1924) to the Virginia General Assembly. Four years later, Governor Harry F. Byrd, Jr. appointed Clark to the Liberal Arts College for Women Commission, on which she also served as secretary. The nine member Commission studied the feasibility of establishing a new liberal arts college for women in Virginia. The second report of the Commission (January 1930), which contained the \"set-up\" of the proposed college [now Mary Washington College?], was the product of research conducted by Clark with the assistance of Commission advisors.","Clark's strong commitment to higher education was exemplified in several other ways. From March - September, 1926, she served as the Social Director of women students at the College of William and Mary. She was also instrumental in the establishment of citizenship courses for women through the University of Virginia's Extension Division. The courses were designed to educate women about the intricacies of governmental institutions.","During the New Deal era, Clark distinguished herself in two important agencies. In 1933, she was selected as a field supervisor for the National Reemployment Service (NRS). Along with the state reemployment director and other field staff, she assisted in the organization of local reemployment offices throughout Virginia. After stepping down as field supervisor for the NRS, Clark became the Virginia Arts Project Director of the Work Projects Administration (WPA). This particular branch of the WPA was created to provide employment opportunities for artists in Virginia. In addition to producing murals for public buildings, artists employed by the WPA executed hundreds of paintings that were then distributed to local and state tax-supported institutions for display. One major accomplishment during Clark's tenure at the WPA was the establishment of new art galleries, such as the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap.","In the later years of her life, Adèle Clark remained active in the Richmond community. After converting to Roman Catholicism in 1942, Clark utilized her political experience as a member of the Richmond Diocesan Council of Catholic Women (RDCCW). From 1949 to 1959 she served as the chair of the RDCCW's Legislative Committee. Clark also continued to speak out against a number of issues affecting women, such as the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment and abortion.","Clark remained an active supporter of the Richmond art community. From 1941 to 1964 she was a member of the Virginia Arts Commission. The Commission helped to produce many of the murals and portraits displayed in state government buildings that depict the history of Virginia. Moreover, Clark's dedication to the teaching of art did not wane in these later years. She taught art to both the young and old in hospitals, schools and church classrooms. She also continued to enjoy creating her own artworks. Clark's paintings, mostly portraits and landscapes, have been exhibited in several states. One of her paintings, \"The Cherry Tree\", is in the permanent collection of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.","Clark had a unique perspective on the influence of art on her political ideology. She once stated, \"I've always tried to combine my interest in art with my interest in government. I think we ought to have more of the creative and imaginative in politics.\"","Adèle Clark died at the age of 100 on June 5, 1983.","[Information from newspaper accounts and the Adèle Goodman Clark Papers.]","Teacher of Organization and Parliamentary Law at Suffrage School","Chairman, Committee on Uniform Laws Concerning Women, Chicago, ILL","Chairman of the Committee on International Cooperation to Prevent War, of the NLWV, Miss Morgan was also President of the Colony Club of New York","The Adèle Goodman Clark papers document the life and activities of Miss Clark (1882-1983) throughout her adult life, as well as those of her closest friends and relatives. Miss Clark was a member of a small group of civically active Richmond women whose names appear throughout the collection. Of particular note are members of Clark's family, Edith Clark Cowles, Willoughby Ions, and friends Roberta Wellford, Lila Meade Valentine, Lucy Randolph Mason, Ida Mae Thompson, Eudora W. Ramsay Richardson, Nora Houston and Josephine Houston. A list and chart describing the family relationships follows the Series Description and Arrangement, which specifically details the arrangement of the collection and highlights areas of particular significance within each series.","The collection is comprised of five major components, each with its own depth of coverage, usually dependent upon the length of Clark's involvement. The first major component of the collection contains materials pertaining to the Clark and Houston families with their multiple activities, responsibilities and affiliations. The documents in this section include the personal correspondence of Adèle Clark, Nora Houston, and members of both the Clark and Houston families. Correspondence from Estelle Goodman Clark, Cely \"Nainaine\" Ions, and Estelle Adèle Goodman","Willoughby Ions provide a richly detailed account of the more significant events within the Clark-Ions family. Also included is personal, business, and legal correspondence between members of the Goodman family, predating the Civil War, and personal correspondence to Clark and Nora Houston from close friends and associates such as Cornelia Adair, T. Bowyer Campbell, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon and Roberta Wellford. Additional family information is provided by legal and real estate correspondence, biographical sketches, family and genealogical histories, composition books, diaries, journals, and poetry by various members of the Clark and Houston families. Some items of significance include handwritten memoranda and notes, poems, short stories and other fictional material written by Adèle Clark during her lifetime. The Virginia Historical Society holds additional Clark family materials (see Appendices).","The collection also includes correspondence from businesses and civic organizations with which Clark, Edith Clark Cowles, and the Dooley/Houston family were affiliated during their lifetimes. A list of the more significant organizations includes the Virginia Society for Crippled Children and Handicapped Adults, Commission of Inter-Racial (or Interracial) Cooperation, Woodrow Wilson Foundation, National Consumers League, and Social Science Research Council-Committee on Public Administration. There is also correspondence from prominent local and state government officials that further document the political activities and biases of these women. Brochures, memoranda and publications from these organizations are scattered throughout the collection.","While the family correspondence provides information about Clark's early years, the greatest significance of the collection lies in its documentation of the activities of the suffrage movement, both locally and nationally. The collection is particularly strong in its representation of correspondence, reports, memoranda and publications reflecting the sentiments and political positions of both the pro- and anti- suffrage movement from 1913 until the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. A large portion of this segment also documents the actions of the post-suffragists in their work through the national, state and local chapters of the League of Women Voters (LWV). Clark's considerable role of participation in the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) in the first two decades of the organization provides an abundant amount of material chronicling the many social and political issues in which local and national LWV members were engaged. Although the documentation of the activities of the LWV continues well into the 1970s, the collection is not as strong for the later years as it is for the earlier period.","The suffrage materials, the second and largest component in the collection, are composed of documentation of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV), Richmond League of Women Voters, the VLWV, and the reorganized League of Women Voters of Virginia (LWVV). The ESLV materials includes correspondence, committee and financial memoranda, convention material, notes, reports and miscellaneous literature. There is a large quantity of outgoing correspondence created by the corresponding secretaries of the ESLV which pertains to the efforts of organizing local suffrage chapters throughout the state and between officers of the ESLV, state and national government officials. Also included is correspondence between ESLV President, Lila Meade Valentine, and women of significance within the suffrage movement including Carrie Chapman Catt, Anna Howard Shaw, Maud Wood Park and Kate Gordon. While there is a substantial amount of correspondence generated by the central office of the ESLV, between 1909-1912 there are some major gaps. A portion of this documentation for the early history of the ESLV can be found at the Library of Virginia (see Appendices). Throughout its eleven year existence, the ESLV compiled an enormous amount of literature on the suffrage movement published by the National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA), and other organizations. Materials generated by the movement and represented in this portion of the collection include petitions, photographs, enrollment cards, posters, suffrage maps, sashes and other ephemeral items. Additional publications have not been indexed but are available for research.","The bulk of the materials of the remaining suffrage organizations represented in the collection fall within a fourteen year time frame, 1920-1934, and includes President/Executive Secretary correspondence, bulletins, circulars, committee memoranda, and financial statements as well as records relating to the Virginia Cookery Book, the Governor's Ball and the citizenship courses sponsored by the VLWV. Clark also corresponded with the President of the NLWV and other officers in the national organization. The significant correspondents include Maud Wood Park, Belle Sherwin, Katherine Ludington, and Gertrude Ely. Incoming correspondence from prominent Virginia women such as Faith Morgan, Roberta Wellford, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon, Kate Waller Barrett, Mrs. John L. Lewis of Lynchburg, Mrs. John H. Lewis of Ashland, and Mrs C.E. [Jessie] Townsend of Norfolk can be found in both the President/Executive Correspondence files and the Board of Directors/Executive Committee/Standing Committees file of the VLWV.","The records of the VLWV document in great detail the legislative agenda over a fourteen year period. The VLWV materials contain correspondence, circulars, memoranda questionnaires and reports pertaining to the Children's Code Commission, Virginia Women's Council Legislative Chairman of State Organizations and other major committees of the VLWV; revealing which major pieces of legislation were of utmost concern to Clark and the VLWV. Like its predecessor, the VLWV collected a wide variety of literature from state, national and international organizations which championed a spectrum of causes of interest to Clark and her associates. These organizations include the League of Nations Association, National Council for the Prevention of War, National Women's Trade Union League of America, and Southern Council of Women and Children in Industry.","Documentation of the NLWV (1920-1945) and the later reorganized League of Woman Voters of Virginia (1946-presents) includes correspondence and memoranda produced by Clark as Second Vice President in charge of Legislation and Law Enforcement and Third Regional Director for the NLWV. In addition to correspondence, memoranda, minutes, notes and reports there are materials detailing her involvement in nationally sponsored speaking tours throughout several regions of the United States. Items from the national office consist of mimeographed Adèle Goodman Clark correspondence and memoranda, reports, press releases and various publications created by the major standing committees and departments of the NLWV. Clark's activity in both the state and national leagues diminished to a great extent after 1934. Records of the latter local, state and national organizations primarily consists of bulletins, newsletters, and other literature published and distributed by the organizations.","Clark was very involved in the commemoration of the contributions of Lila Meade Valentine to the suffrage movement. The collection contains the organizational records of the Lila Meade Valentine Memorial Association (1921-1937), which was established to raise money for a memorial tablet dedicated to Mrs. Valentine to be placed in the Capitol Building in Richmond. Much of the material consists of correspondence and memoranda between the association's chairperson, Adèle Clark and the individuals who contributed to the memorial fund. There is also correspondence between Clark and the sculptor chosen to produce the memorial tablet. Other material includes financial data, contributors lists, minutes, notes and reports documenting the association's fundraising activities.","The collection of materials related to state and national politics comprises the third major section of the Clark Papers. These materials include correspondence, memoranda, minutes, reports, statistical data, and literature generated by or related to the work of the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government (1921-1927) and the Liberal Arts College Commission (1918, 1929-1933). Material pertaining to both of these government commissions highlight the research and information gathering work undertaken by Clark and the members of these commissions before presentation of the final reports to the Virginia General Assembly. The collection also contains the annotated drafts and proofs of the reports in various stages of development. Correspondence, notes, reports and travel vouchers highlight Clark's duties as a NRS Field Supervisor and her involvement with the National Reemployment Service (1925-1937). Correspondence between Clark and the State Reemployment Director reveal the types of reemployment projects in which the NRS was actively engaged throughout the state. In addition, correspondence between Clark and other field staff demonstrate the extent to which Clark participated in managing local reemployment offices during her tenure with the NRS. Published reports, speeches, manuals, newspaper clippings and other ephemeral materials are also included.","The fourth area of interest of Adèle's, as reflected in the collection, was religion. Included here are the organizational records and personal items documenting the religious activities of Clark, Nora Houston, and several members of the Houston family. It should be noted that Clark was baptized and confirmed in the Episcopal Church and later became a devout Roman Catholic after Nora Houston's death in 1942. Included is correspondence between both women and various religious organizations, church leaflets, pamphlets and prayerbooks, periodicals and other items of a religious nature. Some of the organizations with which Clark and Houston corresponded include the Catholic Woman's Club, National Council of Catholic Women, National Conference on Christians and Jews, and Catholic Daughters of America. Beth Ahabah Museum and Archives holds other materials of a religious nature relating to the Goodman family.","The final component of the collection, second in size only to that of the suffrage and voting rights material, is that of art, particularly art in Virginia. An artist by training, Adèle Clark worked ceaselessly for increased public awareness of the traditions and richness of art within the Commonwealth. To this end, the collection documents the contributions of Clark and her colleagues in the following endeavors: the Art Club of Richmond, Atelier, Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, Richmond Academy of Arts, Virginia Arts Commission, and Works Project Administration-Federal Arts Project. In addition to containing the correspondence relating to the operations of these organizations, the records also contain memoranda, minutes and reports of committees, and materials on exhibitions sponsored by these organizations. Of particular significance are the records of the Academy Committee of the Art Club that document the committee's role in attempting to resurrect the arts academy. Materials relating to the WPA and the Virginia Arts Commission emphasize Clark's substantial role in making the public a more active player in the promotion of the arts. Clark's monthly and narrative reports on several WPA art galleries, as well as data on the Index of American Design, provide a detailed account of the variety of art projects the WPA underwrote in Virginia.","The collection also contains a range of art and art school publications, art supply advertisements, catalogs, exhibition bulletins and notices from local and national art institutions. A small number of drawings, sketches and miscellaneous artwork created by Adèle Clark, Nora Houston and other artists are also represented. Some of the more notable pieces include Clark's original lithograph \"Richmond Market at Christmas\", copies of Nora Houston's house sketches and artwork produced by children of various ages. Lastly there are numerous kinds of illustrations and reproductions that Clark and Houston utilized in their art classes.","Significant portions of the collection are in fragile condition, particularly newspaper clippings and photographs. Reference copies of the photographs are available for use. A large portion of the clippings have been photocopied and the process will continue as time and staff permit.","Special Collections has also purchased suffrage and related materials. Please ask a staffmember for information about these supporting items.","Relationship: Adèle Clark's cousins.","Relationship: Mother of Adèle Clark. Nicknames include \"Dree,\" \"Muzzie,\" and \"Pouncey.\"","Relationship: Father of Adèle Clarke.","Relationship: Father of Julius D. Cowles who was married to Adèle Clark's sister Edith.","Relationship: Older sister to Adèle Clarke, married to Julius \"Jules\" D. Cowles, her nicknames include \"Baby,\" \"Deetie,\" and \"Binn.\"","Relationship: Adèle Clarke's neice, daughter of Edith and Julius Cowles, married to James Cox.","Relationship: Younger sister of Adèle Clarke, married to G. Frank Dew, her nicknames include \"Trudie,\" Trudee,\" and \"Teedee.\"","Relationship: Maternal uncle to Adèle Clark.","Relationship: Maternal aunt of Adèle Clark.","Relationship: Cousin related to the Clarke family.","Relationship: Maternal aunt of Adèle Clarke and her godmother, married to Robert Ions. Also nicknamed \"Nainaine.\"","Relationship: Adèle's cousin, daughter of Cely and Robert Ions. She went by the name Willoughby.","Relationship: Sister of Robert Ions.","Relationship: Adèle Clarke's uncle, married to Cecile \"Cely\" Goodman Ions. Nicknames include \"Godpa\" and \"Berto.\"","Relationship: Adèle Clark's cousin.","Relationship: Adèle Clark's cousin.","Relationship: Sister of Alice Dooley and Mary Dooley Jones.","Relationship: friend of Adèle, became a priest in the Episcopal Church.","Relationship: Estelle Goodman Clark's brother.","Relationship: Adèle's cousin, son of Cely and Robert Ions.","Relationship: Sister of Josephine Dooley Houston and Mary Dooley Jones.","Relationship: Cousin of Alice Dooley.","Relationship: Daughter of Josephine and Henry Houston.","Relationship: Sister of Alice Dooley and Josephine Dooley Houston.","[merged with the restored Academy in the spring of 1930]","[grew out of the Atelier and later merged with the Academy]","Includes children's art work, art club material, instructional material; Japanese print.","Two labeled \"Class Room Building--State Teacher's College, Farmville, Virginia--Frank F. Stone Architect, Roanoke, Virginia, July 10, 1944\"; a third blue print labeled \"Improvements to Employees Cottage as suggested by Art Commission, May 5, 1944\"; fourth labeled \"Temporary Employee Cottage, Division of the Budget, March 29, 1944\";drawing for inscription of building \"Julian H. Burruss Hall\" labeled \"Teaching and Admin. Building, Va. Polytechnic Inst., Blacksburg, VA - Carneal, Johnston \u0026 Wright Architects \u0026 Engineers, Richmond, Virginia.\"","Various institutions to Benjamin Franklin Dew Jr., 1930s-1940s.","Entitled \"Proposed Store For Mr. S.W. Farran - Designed by W.R. Snapp, 1107 Penn St. N.E.\"","Capitol Area of Richmond, undated; Map of Richmond and Environs, Department of Public Works, 1923; Drawn map of Richmond's North Side.","Depicts status of women's suffrage (framed and fragile).","Suffrage era map - \"The Woman Voter and the next President of the United States\" - showing which states women can vote and which ones women cannot vote.","All with heading of the Virginia League of Woman Voters and labeled as follows: Congressional Districts Organized; Counties having some form of organization; Counties and cities holding citizenship schools; Virginia League of Women voters organized November 10, 1920; Number of Leagues organized; and one unlabeled.","Large flyer on which states have compulsory school attendance, 1921; map of Virginia by Virginia Department of Agriculture and Immigration; a chart compiled by Lucia R. Maxwell on International Socialism 1922-1923, showing various woman's organizations; poster of Anchor Line Twin Screw Geared Turbine Steamer named the \"California\"; Centennial Memorial of United States--Declaration of Independence, published by Baltimore and Ohio Railroad; Victory Liberty Loan poster; anti-war poster; poster of mechanized man and horse; Virginia Society for Human Life poster; League of Women Voters poster \"Vote\" (2 posters); sheet music: \"Votes for Women\" - Suffrage Rallying Song.","(includes items on women's suffrage; voting habits; a  Richmond News-Leader,  Suffrage Supplement, and an article on paintings at Richmond Woman's Club; an article by Adèle Clark; several pages of the  Richmond Times-Dispatch,   November 2, 1933 about the Community Fund; Atlanta Journal, June 12, 1919 article on U.S. Senate passing suffrage amendment; front page of  Richmond Times-Dispatch,   January 1, 1929, article on what Virginia leaders would like to see in 1929, includes article by Adèle Clark.","Majority of the photographs are from the Equal Suffrage League or Virginia League of Women Voters' events. All of these photographs have been reproduced and can be found elsewhere in Series XVII.","Two different posters on the prevention of war; a Department of the Interior, Bureau of Education poster entitled \"How and Why to Stand Correctly\" 1918; a draft version of a poster by the Equal Suffrage League with typewritten history of suffrage in Virginia and the printed finished copy.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives","English"],"unitid_tesim":["M 9","/repositories/5/resources/279"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"collection_ssim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"creator_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"creators_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women -- Suffrage -- Virginia -- Richmond","Art -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women -- Suffrage -- Virginia -- Richmond","Art -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["128 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["128 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Restrictions on Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I--Correspondence and Family Materials (n.d., 1849-1971) ; Series II--Business/Civic Organization Correspondence (n.d., 1903-1971) ; Series III--Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV) (n.d., 1892-1926) ; Series IV: Richmond League of Women Voters (n.d., 1920- 1978) ; Series V--Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) (n.d., 1915-1967) ; Series VI--The League of Women Voters of Virginia (n.d., 1945-1970) ; Series VII--The National League of Women Voters (n.d., 1919-1947) ; Series VIII--League of Women Voters (n.d., 1946-1976) ; Series IX--Commission on Simplification of State and Local Government (n.d., 1921- 1927) ; Series X--Liberal Arts College for Women Commission (n.d., 1918-1938) ; Series XI--National Reemployment Service (n.d., 1925-1938) ; Series XII--Lila Meade Valentine memorial Association (n.d., 1921-1936) ; Series XIII--Religious Materials ; Series XIV--Art (n.d., 1850-1971) ; Series XV--Ephemera and Photographs (n.d., ca. 1850 - ca. 1970)\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series I--Correspondence and Family Materials (n.d., 1849-1971) ; Series II--Business/Civic Organization Correspondence (n.d., 1903-1971) ; Series III--Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV) (n.d., 1892-1926) ; Series IV: Richmond League of Women Voters (n.d., 1920- 1978) ; Series V--Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) (n.d., 1915-1967) ; Series VI--The League of Women Voters of Virginia (n.d., 1945-1970) ; Series VII--The National League of Women Voters (n.d., 1919-1947) ; Series VIII--League of Women Voters (n.d., 1946-1976) ; Series IX--Commission on Simplification of State and Local Government (n.d., 1921- 1927) ; Series X--Liberal Arts College for Women Commission (n.d., 1918-1938) ; Series XI--National Reemployment Service (n.d., 1925-1938) ; Series XII--Lila Meade Valentine memorial Association (n.d., 1921-1936) ; Series XIII--Religious Materials ; Series XIV--Art (n.d., 1850-1971) ; Series XV--Ephemera and Photographs (n.d., ca. 1850 - ca. 1970)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA founding member of the Virginia suffrage movement and a prominent supporter of the arts in Virginia, Adèle Goodman Clark (1882-1983) exemplified the influential role civically active women played in the major social reform movements of the twentieth century. Calling politics and art her \"creative spirits\", Clark was involved in a number of reform initiatives throughout her century of life that championed the rights of women and promoted the arts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe second oldest daughter of Robert Clark (1832?-1906) and Estelle Goodman Clark (1847-1937), Adèle was born in Montgomery, Alabama on September 27, 1882. Before moving permanently to Richmond, the Clark family lived in New Orleans, LA, as well as the small town of Pass Christian, MS. It was in a one room school house in the latter town that Adèle developed a fondness for the arts. After her family moved to Richmond in 1894, Adèle enrolled in the Virginia Randolph Ellett School (now St. Catherine's). Adèle also studied art with Lilly M. Logan, who ran the art school at the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906 she was awarded a scholarship to the New York School of Fine and Applied Arts (the Chase School of Art), where she studied under Kenneth Hays Miller, Douglas Cannal, William M. Chase, and Robert Henri, leader of the \"Ash Can\" school of painting. Upon her return to Richmond, Clark began a teaching career at the Art Club of Richmond. It was here that Adèle began her long association and friendship with acclaimed Virginia artist, Nora Houston. When the Art Club of Richmond was dissolved in 1917, the women went on to establish The Atelier. Under their direction this private art studio, located adjacent to Clark's Chamberlayne Avenue residence, became a training ground for such noted Virginia artists as Edmund Archer, Eleanor Fry and Theresa Pollack (founder of the VCU School of the Arts). Two years later they founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, where they both held the title of artistic director. During this period, they participated in a fundraising campaign for the resurrection of the old Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. Their goal became a reality in 1930 when the new Richmond Academy of Arts, forerunner to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, was established on Capitol Street.*\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClark's interest in the suffrage movement began in 1909 when she was asked by novelist Ellen Glasgow to sign a petition calling for Virginia women to gain voting privileges. On November 27th of that year Clark, along with eighteen other civic-minded women, held a preliminary meeting to discuss the establishment of a state-wide suffrage organization. At this first meeting of what would become the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, Clark was elected secretary, a position she held for one year. She later helped direct legislative initiatives, organized suffrage rallies and went on speaking tours that helped establish new League chapters throughout the state. Clark also served for several years as chair of the ratification committee and head of the Equal Suffrage League lobby to the Virginia General Assembly.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 (which was ratified by Virginia in 1952), the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia was transformed into the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV). For nearly two decades Clark played a major role in the VLWV.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSelected as the VLWV's first chair in 1920, Clark became president one year later. She held this position for eighteen years (nonconsecutively). Her work in the VLWV involved constant study of legislation involving social issues and governmental efficiency and administration. In 1924, Clark was elected to the board of the National League of Women Voters (NLWV) as Director of the Third Region. The region included Washington, D.C., Virginia, and six other southern states. The following year she was elected Second Vice President of the NLWV, in which capacity she served until the Spring of 1928. During that period Clark traveled to conventions in twenty-four states on speaking tours. Along with other officers of the NLWV she helped resolve league organizational problems.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to her work for the VLWV and NLWV, Clark also served on two important state government commissions. In 1922, Governor E. Lee Trinkle appointed her to the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government, on which she served for two years as secretary of the Commission. In addition to performing the editorial and clerical work of the Commission, Clark also authored several of the chapters of the Commission's final report (January 1924) to the Virginia General Assembly. Four years later, Governor Harry F. Byrd, Jr. appointed Clark to the Liberal Arts College for Women Commission, on which she also served as secretary. The nine member Commission studied the feasibility of establishing a new liberal arts college for women in Virginia. The second report of the Commission (January 1930), which contained the \"set-up\" of the proposed college [now Mary Washington College?], was the product of research conducted by Clark with the assistance of Commission advisors.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClark's strong commitment to higher education was exemplified in several other ways. From March - September, 1926, she served as the Social Director of women students at the College of William and Mary. She was also instrumental in the establishment of citizenship courses for women through the University of Virginia's Extension Division. The courses were designed to educate women about the intricacies of governmental institutions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDuring the New Deal era, Clark distinguished herself in two important agencies. In 1933, she was selected as a field supervisor for the National Reemployment Service (NRS). Along with the state reemployment director and other field staff, she assisted in the organization of local reemployment offices throughout Virginia. After stepping down as field supervisor for the NRS, Clark became the Virginia Arts Project Director of the Work Projects Administration (WPA). This particular branch of the WPA was created to provide employment opportunities for artists in Virginia. In addition to producing murals for public buildings, artists employed by the WPA executed hundreds of paintings that were then distributed to local and state tax-supported institutions for display. One major accomplishment during Clark's tenure at the WPA was the establishment of new art galleries, such as the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn the later years of her life, Adèle Clark remained active in the Richmond community. After converting to Roman Catholicism in 1942, Clark utilized her political experience as a member of the Richmond Diocesan Council of Catholic Women (RDCCW). From 1949 to 1959 she served as the chair of the RDCCW's Legislative Committee. Clark also continued to speak out against a number of issues affecting women, such as the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment and abortion.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClark remained an active supporter of the Richmond art community. From 1941 to 1964 she was a member of the Virginia Arts Commission. The Commission helped to produce many of the murals and portraits displayed in state government buildings that depict the history of Virginia. Moreover, Clark's dedication to the teaching of art did not wane in these later years. She taught art to both the young and old in hospitals, schools and church classrooms. She also continued to enjoy creating her own artworks. Clark's paintings, mostly portraits and landscapes, have been exhibited in several states. One of her paintings, \"The Cherry Tree\", is in the permanent collection of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClark had a unique perspective on the influence of art on her political ideology. She once stated, \"I've always tried to combine my interest in art with my interest in government. I think we ought to have more of the creative and imaginative in politics.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAdèle Clark died at the age of 100 on June 5, 1983.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e[Information from newspaper accounts and the Adèle Goodman Clark Papers.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTeacher of Organization and Parliamentary Law at Suffrage School\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChairman, Committee on Uniform Laws Concerning Women, Chicago, ILL\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChairman of the Committee on International Cooperation to Prevent War, of the NLWV, Miss Morgan was also President of the Colony Club of New York\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["A founding member of the Virginia suffrage movement and a prominent supporter of the arts in Virginia, Adèle Goodman Clark (1882-1983) exemplified the influential role civically active women played in the major social reform movements of the twentieth century. Calling politics and art her \"creative spirits\", Clark was involved in a number of reform initiatives throughout her century of life that championed the rights of women and promoted the arts.","The second oldest daughter of Robert Clark (1832?-1906) and Estelle Goodman Clark (1847-1937), Adèle was born in Montgomery, Alabama on September 27, 1882. Before moving permanently to Richmond, the Clark family lived in New Orleans, LA, as well as the small town of Pass Christian, MS. It was in a one room school house in the latter town that Adèle developed a fondness for the arts. After her family moved to Richmond in 1894, Adèle enrolled in the Virginia Randolph Ellett School (now St. Catherine's). Adèle also studied art with Lilly M. Logan, who ran the art school at the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906 she was awarded a scholarship to the New York School of Fine and Applied Arts (the Chase School of Art), where she studied under Kenneth Hays Miller, Douglas Cannal, William M. Chase, and Robert Henri, leader of the \"Ash Can\" school of painting. Upon her return to Richmond, Clark began a teaching career at the Art Club of Richmond. It was here that Adèle began her long association and friendship with acclaimed Virginia artist, Nora Houston. When the Art Club of Richmond was dissolved in 1917, the women went on to establish The Atelier. Under their direction this private art studio, located adjacent to Clark's Chamberlayne Avenue residence, became a training ground for such noted Virginia artists as Edmund Archer, Eleanor Fry and Theresa Pollack (founder of the VCU School of the Arts). Two years later they founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, where they both held the title of artistic director. During this period, they participated in a fundraising campaign for the resurrection of the old Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. Their goal became a reality in 1930 when the new Richmond Academy of Arts, forerunner to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, was established on Capitol Street.*","Clark's interest in the suffrage movement began in 1909 when she was asked by novelist Ellen Glasgow to sign a petition calling for Virginia women to gain voting privileges. On November 27th of that year Clark, along with eighteen other civic-minded women, held a preliminary meeting to discuss the establishment of a state-wide suffrage organization. At this first meeting of what would become the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, Clark was elected secretary, a position she held for one year. She later helped direct legislative initiatives, organized suffrage rallies and went on speaking tours that helped establish new League chapters throughout the state. Clark also served for several years as chair of the ratification committee and head of the Equal Suffrage League lobby to the Virginia General Assembly.","After passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 (which was ratified by Virginia in 1952), the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia was transformed into the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV). For nearly two decades Clark played a major role in the VLWV.","Selected as the VLWV's first chair in 1920, Clark became president one year later. She held this position for eighteen years (nonconsecutively). Her work in the VLWV involved constant study of legislation involving social issues and governmental efficiency and administration. In 1924, Clark was elected to the board of the National League of Women Voters (NLWV) as Director of the Third Region. The region included Washington, D.C., Virginia, and six other southern states. The following year she was elected Second Vice President of the NLWV, in which capacity she served until the Spring of 1928. During that period Clark traveled to conventions in twenty-four states on speaking tours. Along with other officers of the NLWV she helped resolve league organizational problems.","In addition to her work for the VLWV and NLWV, Clark also served on two important state government commissions. In 1922, Governor E. Lee Trinkle appointed her to the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government, on which she served for two years as secretary of the Commission. In addition to performing the editorial and clerical work of the Commission, Clark also authored several of the chapters of the Commission's final report (January 1924) to the Virginia General Assembly. Four years later, Governor Harry F. Byrd, Jr. appointed Clark to the Liberal Arts College for Women Commission, on which she also served as secretary. The nine member Commission studied the feasibility of establishing a new liberal arts college for women in Virginia. The second report of the Commission (January 1930), which contained the \"set-up\" of the proposed college [now Mary Washington College?], was the product of research conducted by Clark with the assistance of Commission advisors.","Clark's strong commitment to higher education was exemplified in several other ways. From March - September, 1926, she served as the Social Director of women students at the College of William and Mary. She was also instrumental in the establishment of citizenship courses for women through the University of Virginia's Extension Division. The courses were designed to educate women about the intricacies of governmental institutions.","During the New Deal era, Clark distinguished herself in two important agencies. In 1933, she was selected as a field supervisor for the National Reemployment Service (NRS). Along with the state reemployment director and other field staff, she assisted in the organization of local reemployment offices throughout Virginia. After stepping down as field supervisor for the NRS, Clark became the Virginia Arts Project Director of the Work Projects Administration (WPA). This particular branch of the WPA was created to provide employment opportunities for artists in Virginia. In addition to producing murals for public buildings, artists employed by the WPA executed hundreds of paintings that were then distributed to local and state tax-supported institutions for display. One major accomplishment during Clark's tenure at the WPA was the establishment of new art galleries, such as the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap.","In the later years of her life, Adèle Clark remained active in the Richmond community. After converting to Roman Catholicism in 1942, Clark utilized her political experience as a member of the Richmond Diocesan Council of Catholic Women (RDCCW). From 1949 to 1959 she served as the chair of the RDCCW's Legislative Committee. Clark also continued to speak out against a number of issues affecting women, such as the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment and abortion.","Clark remained an active supporter of the Richmond art community. From 1941 to 1964 she was a member of the Virginia Arts Commission. The Commission helped to produce many of the murals and portraits displayed in state government buildings that depict the history of Virginia. Moreover, Clark's dedication to the teaching of art did not wane in these later years. She taught art to both the young and old in hospitals, schools and church classrooms. She also continued to enjoy creating her own artworks. Clark's paintings, mostly portraits and landscapes, have been exhibited in several states. One of her paintings, \"The Cherry Tree\", is in the permanent collection of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.","Clark had a unique perspective on the influence of art on her political ideology. She once stated, \"I've always tried to combine my interest in art with my interest in government. I think we ought to have more of the creative and imaginative in politics.\"","Adèle Clark died at the age of 100 on June 5, 1983.","[Information from newspaper accounts and the Adèle Goodman Clark Papers.]","Teacher of Organization and Parliamentary Law at Suffrage School","Chairman, Committee on Uniform Laws Concerning Women, Chicago, ILL","Chairman of the Committee on International Cooperation to Prevent War, of the NLWV, Miss Morgan was also President of the Colony Club of New York"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdele Goodman Clark papers, Collection # M 9, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers, Collection # M 9, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Adèle Goodman Clark papers document the life and activities of Miss Clark (1882-1983) throughout her adult life, as well as those of her closest friends and relatives. Miss Clark was a member of a small group of civically active Richmond women whose names appear throughout the collection. Of particular note are members of Clark's family, Edith Clark Cowles, Willoughby Ions, and friends Roberta Wellford, Lila Meade Valentine, Lucy Randolph Mason, Ida Mae Thompson, Eudora W. Ramsay Richardson, Nora Houston and Josephine Houston. A list and chart describing the family relationships follows the Series Description and Arrangement, which specifically details the arrangement of the collection and highlights areas of particular significance within each series.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection is comprised of five major components, each with its own depth of coverage, usually dependent upon the length of Clark's involvement. The first major component of the collection contains materials pertaining to the Clark and Houston families with their multiple activities, responsibilities and affiliations. The documents in this section include the personal correspondence of Adèle Clark, Nora Houston, and members of both the Clark and Houston families. Correspondence from Estelle Goodman Clark, Cely \"Nainaine\" Ions, and Estelle Adèle Goodman\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilloughby Ions provide a richly detailed account of the more significant events within the Clark-Ions family. Also included is personal, business, and legal correspondence between members of the Goodman family, predating the Civil War, and personal correspondence to Clark and Nora Houston from close friends and associates such as Cornelia Adair, T. Bowyer Campbell, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon and Roberta Wellford. Additional family information is provided by legal and real estate correspondence, biographical sketches, family and genealogical histories, composition books, diaries, journals, and poetry by various members of the Clark and Houston families. Some items of significance include handwritten memoranda and notes, poems, short stories and other fictional material written by Adèle Clark during her lifetime. The Virginia Historical Society holds additional Clark family materials (see Appendices).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also includes correspondence from businesses and civic organizations with which Clark, Edith Clark Cowles, and the Dooley/Houston family were affiliated during their lifetimes. A list of the more significant organizations includes the Virginia Society for Crippled Children and Handicapped Adults, Commission of Inter-Racial (or Interracial) Cooperation, Woodrow Wilson Foundation, National Consumers League, and Social Science Research Council-Committee on Public Administration. There is also correspondence from prominent local and state government officials that further document the political activities and biases of these women. Brochures, memoranda and publications from these organizations are scattered throughout the collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhile the family correspondence provides information about Clark's early years, the greatest significance of the collection lies in its documentation of the activities of the suffrage movement, both locally and nationally. The collection is particularly strong in its representation of correspondence, reports, memoranda and publications reflecting the sentiments and political positions of both the pro- and anti- suffrage movement from 1913 until the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. A large portion of this segment also documents the actions of the post-suffragists in their work through the national, state and local chapters of the League of Women Voters (LWV). Clark's considerable role of participation in the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) in the first two decades of the organization provides an abundant amount of material chronicling the many social and political issues in which local and national LWV members were engaged. Although the documentation of the activities of the LWV continues well into the 1970s, the collection is not as strong for the later years as it is for the earlier period.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe suffrage materials, the second and largest component in the collection, are composed of documentation of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV), Richmond League of Women Voters, the VLWV, and the reorganized League of Women Voters of Virginia (LWVV). The ESLV materials includes correspondence, committee and financial memoranda, convention material, notes, reports and miscellaneous literature. There is a large quantity of outgoing correspondence created by the corresponding secretaries of the ESLV which pertains to the efforts of organizing local suffrage chapters throughout the state and between officers of the ESLV, state and national government officials. Also included is correspondence between ESLV President, Lila Meade Valentine, and women of significance within the suffrage movement including Carrie Chapman Catt, Anna Howard Shaw, Maud Wood Park and Kate Gordon. While there is a substantial amount of correspondence generated by the central office of the ESLV, between 1909-1912 there are some major gaps. A portion of this documentation for the early history of the ESLV can be found at the Library of Virginia (see Appendices). Throughout its eleven year existence, the ESLV compiled an enormous amount of literature on the suffrage movement published by the National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA), and other organizations. Materials generated by the movement and represented in this portion of the collection include petitions, photographs, enrollment cards, posters, suffrage maps, sashes and other ephemeral items. Additional publications have not been indexed but are available for research.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the materials of the remaining suffrage organizations represented in the collection fall within a fourteen year time frame, 1920-1934, and includes President/Executive Secretary correspondence, bulletins, circulars, committee memoranda, and financial statements as well as records relating to the Virginia Cookery Book, the Governor's Ball and the citizenship courses sponsored by the VLWV. Clark also corresponded with the President of the NLWV and other officers in the national organization. The significant correspondents include Maud Wood Park, Belle Sherwin, Katherine Ludington, and Gertrude Ely. Incoming correspondence from prominent Virginia women such as Faith Morgan, Roberta Wellford, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon, Kate Waller Barrett, Mrs. John L. Lewis of Lynchburg, Mrs. John H. Lewis of Ashland, and Mrs C.E. [Jessie] Townsend of Norfolk can be found in both the President/Executive Correspondence files and the Board of Directors/Executive Committee/Standing Committees file of the VLWV.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe records of the VLWV document in great detail the legislative agenda over a fourteen year period. The VLWV materials contain correspondence, circulars, memoranda questionnaires and reports pertaining to the Children's Code Commission, Virginia Women's Council Legislative Chairman of State Organizations and other major committees of the VLWV; revealing which major pieces of legislation were of utmost concern to Clark and the VLWV. Like its predecessor, the VLWV collected a wide variety of literature from state, national and international organizations which championed a spectrum of causes of interest to Clark and her associates. These organizations include the League of Nations Association, National Council for the Prevention of War, National Women's Trade Union League of America, and Southern Council of Women and Children in Industry.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDocumentation of the NLWV (1920-1945) and the later reorganized League of Woman Voters of Virginia (1946-presents) includes correspondence and memoranda produced by Clark as Second Vice President in charge of Legislation and Law Enforcement and Third Regional Director for the NLWV. In addition to correspondence, memoranda, minutes, notes and reports there are materials detailing her involvement in nationally sponsored speaking tours throughout several regions of the United States. Items from the national office consist of mimeographed Adèle Goodman Clark correspondence and memoranda, reports, press releases and various publications created by the major standing committees and departments of the NLWV. Clark's activity in both the state and national leagues diminished to a great extent after 1934. Records of the latter local, state and national organizations primarily consists of bulletins, newsletters, and other literature published and distributed by the organizations.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClark was very involved in the commemoration of the contributions of Lila Meade Valentine to the suffrage movement. The collection contains the organizational records of the Lila Meade Valentine Memorial Association (1921-1937), which was established to raise money for a memorial tablet dedicated to Mrs. Valentine to be placed in the Capitol Building in Richmond. Much of the material consists of correspondence and memoranda between the association's chairperson, Adèle Clark and the individuals who contributed to the memorial fund. There is also correspondence between Clark and the sculptor chosen to produce the memorial tablet. Other material includes financial data, contributors lists, minutes, notes and reports documenting the association's fundraising activities.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection of materials related to state and national politics comprises the third major section of the Clark Papers. These materials include correspondence, memoranda, minutes, reports, statistical data, and literature generated by or related to the work of the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government (1921-1927) and the Liberal Arts College Commission (1918, 1929-1933). Material pertaining to both of these government commissions highlight the research and information gathering work undertaken by Clark and the members of these commissions before presentation of the final reports to the Virginia General Assembly. The collection also contains the annotated drafts and proofs of the reports in various stages of development. Correspondence, notes, reports and travel vouchers highlight Clark's duties as a NRS Field Supervisor and her involvement with the National Reemployment Service (1925-1937). Correspondence between Clark and the State Reemployment Director reveal the types of reemployment projects in which the NRS was actively engaged throughout the state. In addition, correspondence between Clark and other field staff demonstrate the extent to which Clark participated in managing local reemployment offices during her tenure with the NRS. Published reports, speeches, manuals, newspaper clippings and other ephemeral materials are also included.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe fourth area of interest of Adèle's, as reflected in the collection, was religion. Included here are the organizational records and personal items documenting the religious activities of Clark, Nora Houston, and several members of the Houston family. It should be noted that Clark was baptized and confirmed in the Episcopal Church and later became a devout Roman Catholic after Nora Houston's death in 1942. Included is correspondence between both women and various religious organizations, church leaflets, pamphlets and prayerbooks, periodicals and other items of a religious nature. Some of the organizations with which Clark and Houston corresponded include the Catholic Woman's Club, National Council of Catholic Women, National Conference on Christians and Jews, and Catholic Daughters of America. Beth Ahabah Museum and Archives holds other materials of a religious nature relating to the Goodman family.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe final component of the collection, second in size only to that of the suffrage and voting rights material, is that of art, particularly art in Virginia. An artist by training, Adèle Clark worked ceaselessly for increased public awareness of the traditions and richness of art within the Commonwealth. To this end, the collection documents the contributions of Clark and her colleagues in the following endeavors: the Art Club of Richmond, Atelier, Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, Richmond Academy of Arts, Virginia Arts Commission, and Works Project Administration-Federal Arts Project. In addition to containing the correspondence relating to the operations of these organizations, the records also contain memoranda, minutes and reports of committees, and materials on exhibitions sponsored by these organizations. Of particular significance are the records of the Academy Committee of the Art Club that document the committee's role in attempting to resurrect the arts academy. Materials relating to the WPA and the Virginia Arts Commission emphasize Clark's substantial role in making the public a more active player in the promotion of the arts. Clark's monthly and narrative reports on several WPA art galleries, as well as data on the Index of American Design, provide a detailed account of the variety of art projects the WPA underwrote in Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also contains a range of art and art school publications, art supply advertisements, catalogs, exhibition bulletins and notices from local and national art institutions. A small number of drawings, sketches and miscellaneous artwork created by Adèle Clark, Nora Houston and other artists are also represented. Some of the more notable pieces include Clark's original lithograph \"Richmond Market at Christmas\", copies of Nora Houston's house sketches and artwork produced by children of various ages. Lastly there are numerous kinds of illustrations and reproductions that Clark and Houston utilized in their art classes.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSignificant portions of the collection are in fragile condition, particularly newspaper clippings and photographs. Reference copies of the photographs are available for use. A large portion of the clippings have been photocopied and the process will continue as time and staff permit.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections has also purchased suffrage and related materials. Please ask a staffmember for information about these supporting items.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle Clark's cousins.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Mother of Adèle Clark. Nicknames include \"Dree,\" \"Muzzie,\" and \"Pouncey.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Father of Adèle Clarke.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Father of Julius D. Cowles who was married to Adèle Clark's sister Edith.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Older sister to Adèle Clarke, married to Julius \"Jules\" D. Cowles, her nicknames include \"Baby,\" \"Deetie,\" and \"Binn.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle Clarke's neice, daughter of Edith and Julius Cowles, married to James Cox.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Younger sister of Adèle Clarke, married to G. Frank Dew, her nicknames include \"Trudie,\" Trudee,\" and \"Teedee.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Maternal uncle to Adèle Clark.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Maternal aunt of Adèle Clark.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Cousin related to the Clarke family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Maternal aunt of Adèle Clarke and her godmother, married to Robert Ions. Also nicknamed \"Nainaine.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle's cousin, daughter of Cely and Robert Ions. She went by the name Willoughby.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Sister of Robert Ions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle Clarke's uncle, married to Cecile \"Cely\" Goodman Ions. Nicknames include \"Godpa\" and \"Berto.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle Clark's cousin.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle Clark's cousin.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Sister of Alice Dooley and Mary Dooley Jones.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: friend of Adèle, became a priest in the Episcopal Church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Estelle Goodman Clark's brother.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle's cousin, son of Cely and Robert Ions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Sister of Josephine Dooley Houston and Mary Dooley Jones.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Cousin of Alice Dooley.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Daughter of Josephine and Henry Houston.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Sister of Alice Dooley and Josephine Dooley Houston.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[merged with the restored Academy in the spring of 1930]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[grew out of the Atelier and later merged with the Academy]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes children's art work, art club material, instructional material; Japanese print.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo labeled \"Class Room Building--State Teacher's College, Farmville, Virginia--Frank F. Stone Architect, Roanoke, Virginia, July 10, 1944\"; a third blue print labeled \"Improvements to Employees Cottage as suggested by Art Commission, May 5, 1944\"; fourth labeled \"Temporary Employee Cottage, Division of the Budget, March 29, 1944\";drawing for inscription of building \"Julian H. Burruss Hall\" labeled \"Teaching and Admin. Building, Va. Polytechnic Inst., Blacksburg, VA - Carneal, Johnston \u0026amp; Wright Architects \u0026amp; Engineers, Richmond, Virginia.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVarious institutions to Benjamin Franklin Dew Jr., 1930s-1940s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEntitled \"Proposed Store For Mr. S.W. Farran - Designed by W.R. Snapp, 1107 Penn St. N.E.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCapitol Area of Richmond, undated; Map of Richmond and Environs, Department of Public Works, 1923; Drawn map of Richmond's North Side.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDepicts status of women's suffrage (framed and fragile).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSuffrage era map - \"The Woman Voter and the next President of the United States\" - showing which states women can vote and which ones women cannot vote.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAll with heading of the Virginia League of Woman Voters and labeled as follows: Congressional Districts Organized; Counties having some form of organization; Counties and cities holding citizenship schools; Virginia League of Women voters organized November 10, 1920; Number of Leagues organized; and one unlabeled.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLarge flyer on which states have compulsory school attendance, 1921; map of Virginia by Virginia Department of Agriculture and Immigration; a chart compiled by Lucia R. Maxwell on International Socialism 1922-1923, showing various woman's organizations; poster of Anchor Line Twin Screw Geared Turbine Steamer named the \"California\"; Centennial Memorial of United States--Declaration of Independence, published by Baltimore and Ohio Railroad; Victory Liberty Loan poster; anti-war poster; poster of mechanized man and horse; Virginia Society for Human Life poster; League of Women Voters poster \"Vote\" (2 posters); sheet music: \"Votes for Women\" - Suffrage Rallying Song.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(includes items on women's suffrage; voting habits; a \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRichmond News-Leader, \u003c/title\u003eSuffrage Supplement, and an article on paintings at Richmond Woman's Club; an article by Adèle Clark; several pages of the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRichmond Times-Dispatch, \u003c/title\u003e November 2, 1933 about the Community Fund; Atlanta Journal, June 12, 1919 article on U.S. Senate passing suffrage amendment; front page of \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRichmond Times-Dispatch, \u003c/title\u003e January 1, 1929, article on what Virginia leaders would like to see in 1929, includes article by Adèle Clark.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMajority of the photographs are from the Equal Suffrage League or Virginia League of Women Voters' events. All of these photographs have been reproduced and can be found elsewhere in Series XVII.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo different posters on the prevention of war; a Department of the Interior, Bureau of Education poster entitled \"How and Why to Stand Correctly\" 1918; a draft version of a poster by the Equal Suffrage League with typewritten history of suffrage in Virginia and the printed finished copy.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Adèle Goodman Clark papers document the life and activities of Miss Clark (1882-1983) throughout her adult life, as well as those of her closest friends and relatives. Miss Clark was a member of a small group of civically active Richmond women whose names appear throughout the collection. Of particular note are members of Clark's family, Edith Clark Cowles, Willoughby Ions, and friends Roberta Wellford, Lila Meade Valentine, Lucy Randolph Mason, Ida Mae Thompson, Eudora W. Ramsay Richardson, Nora Houston and Josephine Houston. A list and chart describing the family relationships follows the Series Description and Arrangement, which specifically details the arrangement of the collection and highlights areas of particular significance within each series.","The collection is comprised of five major components, each with its own depth of coverage, usually dependent upon the length of Clark's involvement. The first major component of the collection contains materials pertaining to the Clark and Houston families with their multiple activities, responsibilities and affiliations. The documents in this section include the personal correspondence of Adèle Clark, Nora Houston, and members of both the Clark and Houston families. Correspondence from Estelle Goodman Clark, Cely \"Nainaine\" Ions, and Estelle Adèle Goodman","Willoughby Ions provide a richly detailed account of the more significant events within the Clark-Ions family. Also included is personal, business, and legal correspondence between members of the Goodman family, predating the Civil War, and personal correspondence to Clark and Nora Houston from close friends and associates such as Cornelia Adair, T. Bowyer Campbell, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon and Roberta Wellford. Additional family information is provided by legal and real estate correspondence, biographical sketches, family and genealogical histories, composition books, diaries, journals, and poetry by various members of the Clark and Houston families. Some items of significance include handwritten memoranda and notes, poems, short stories and other fictional material written by Adèle Clark during her lifetime. The Virginia Historical Society holds additional Clark family materials (see Appendices).","The collection also includes correspondence from businesses and civic organizations with which Clark, Edith Clark Cowles, and the Dooley/Houston family were affiliated during their lifetimes. A list of the more significant organizations includes the Virginia Society for Crippled Children and Handicapped Adults, Commission of Inter-Racial (or Interracial) Cooperation, Woodrow Wilson Foundation, National Consumers League, and Social Science Research Council-Committee on Public Administration. There is also correspondence from prominent local and state government officials that further document the political activities and biases of these women. Brochures, memoranda and publications from these organizations are scattered throughout the collection.","While the family correspondence provides information about Clark's early years, the greatest significance of the collection lies in its documentation of the activities of the suffrage movement, both locally and nationally. The collection is particularly strong in its representation of correspondence, reports, memoranda and publications reflecting the sentiments and political positions of both the pro- and anti- suffrage movement from 1913 until the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. A large portion of this segment also documents the actions of the post-suffragists in their work through the national, state and local chapters of the League of Women Voters (LWV). Clark's considerable role of participation in the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) in the first two decades of the organization provides an abundant amount of material chronicling the many social and political issues in which local and national LWV members were engaged. Although the documentation of the activities of the LWV continues well into the 1970s, the collection is not as strong for the later years as it is for the earlier period.","The suffrage materials, the second and largest component in the collection, are composed of documentation of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV), Richmond League of Women Voters, the VLWV, and the reorganized League of Women Voters of Virginia (LWVV). The ESLV materials includes correspondence, committee and financial memoranda, convention material, notes, reports and miscellaneous literature. There is a large quantity of outgoing correspondence created by the corresponding secretaries of the ESLV which pertains to the efforts of organizing local suffrage chapters throughout the state and between officers of the ESLV, state and national government officials. Also included is correspondence between ESLV President, Lila Meade Valentine, and women of significance within the suffrage movement including Carrie Chapman Catt, Anna Howard Shaw, Maud Wood Park and Kate Gordon. While there is a substantial amount of correspondence generated by the central office of the ESLV, between 1909-1912 there are some major gaps. A portion of this documentation for the early history of the ESLV can be found at the Library of Virginia (see Appendices). Throughout its eleven year existence, the ESLV compiled an enormous amount of literature on the suffrage movement published by the National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA), and other organizations. Materials generated by the movement and represented in this portion of the collection include petitions, photographs, enrollment cards, posters, suffrage maps, sashes and other ephemeral items. Additional publications have not been indexed but are available for research.","The bulk of the materials of the remaining suffrage organizations represented in the collection fall within a fourteen year time frame, 1920-1934, and includes President/Executive Secretary correspondence, bulletins, circulars, committee memoranda, and financial statements as well as records relating to the Virginia Cookery Book, the Governor's Ball and the citizenship courses sponsored by the VLWV. Clark also corresponded with the President of the NLWV and other officers in the national organization. The significant correspondents include Maud Wood Park, Belle Sherwin, Katherine Ludington, and Gertrude Ely. Incoming correspondence from prominent Virginia women such as Faith Morgan, Roberta Wellford, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon, Kate Waller Barrett, Mrs. John L. Lewis of Lynchburg, Mrs. John H. Lewis of Ashland, and Mrs C.E. [Jessie] Townsend of Norfolk can be found in both the President/Executive Correspondence files and the Board of Directors/Executive Committee/Standing Committees file of the VLWV.","The records of the VLWV document in great detail the legislative agenda over a fourteen year period. The VLWV materials contain correspondence, circulars, memoranda questionnaires and reports pertaining to the Children's Code Commission, Virginia Women's Council Legislative Chairman of State Organizations and other major committees of the VLWV; revealing which major pieces of legislation were of utmost concern to Clark and the VLWV. Like its predecessor, the VLWV collected a wide variety of literature from state, national and international organizations which championed a spectrum of causes of interest to Clark and her associates. These organizations include the League of Nations Association, National Council for the Prevention of War, National Women's Trade Union League of America, and Southern Council of Women and Children in Industry.","Documentation of the NLWV (1920-1945) and the later reorganized League of Woman Voters of Virginia (1946-presents) includes correspondence and memoranda produced by Clark as Second Vice President in charge of Legislation and Law Enforcement and Third Regional Director for the NLWV. In addition to correspondence, memoranda, minutes, notes and reports there are materials detailing her involvement in nationally sponsored speaking tours throughout several regions of the United States. Items from the national office consist of mimeographed Adèle Goodman Clark correspondence and memoranda, reports, press releases and various publications created by the major standing committees and departments of the NLWV. Clark's activity in both the state and national leagues diminished to a great extent after 1934. Records of the latter local, state and national organizations primarily consists of bulletins, newsletters, and other literature published and distributed by the organizations.","Clark was very involved in the commemoration of the contributions of Lila Meade Valentine to the suffrage movement. The collection contains the organizational records of the Lila Meade Valentine Memorial Association (1921-1937), which was established to raise money for a memorial tablet dedicated to Mrs. Valentine to be placed in the Capitol Building in Richmond. Much of the material consists of correspondence and memoranda between the association's chairperson, Adèle Clark and the individuals who contributed to the memorial fund. There is also correspondence between Clark and the sculptor chosen to produce the memorial tablet. Other material includes financial data, contributors lists, minutes, notes and reports documenting the association's fundraising activities.","The collection of materials related to state and national politics comprises the third major section of the Clark Papers. These materials include correspondence, memoranda, minutes, reports, statistical data, and literature generated by or related to the work of the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government (1921-1927) and the Liberal Arts College Commission (1918, 1929-1933). Material pertaining to both of these government commissions highlight the research and information gathering work undertaken by Clark and the members of these commissions before presentation of the final reports to the Virginia General Assembly. The collection also contains the annotated drafts and proofs of the reports in various stages of development. Correspondence, notes, reports and travel vouchers highlight Clark's duties as a NRS Field Supervisor and her involvement with the National Reemployment Service (1925-1937). Correspondence between Clark and the State Reemployment Director reveal the types of reemployment projects in which the NRS was actively engaged throughout the state. In addition, correspondence between Clark and other field staff demonstrate the extent to which Clark participated in managing local reemployment offices during her tenure with the NRS. Published reports, speeches, manuals, newspaper clippings and other ephemeral materials are also included.","The fourth area of interest of Adèle's, as reflected in the collection, was religion. Included here are the organizational records and personal items documenting the religious activities of Clark, Nora Houston, and several members of the Houston family. It should be noted that Clark was baptized and confirmed in the Episcopal Church and later became a devout Roman Catholic after Nora Houston's death in 1942. Included is correspondence between both women and various religious organizations, church leaflets, pamphlets and prayerbooks, periodicals and other items of a religious nature. Some of the organizations with which Clark and Houston corresponded include the Catholic Woman's Club, National Council of Catholic Women, National Conference on Christians and Jews, and Catholic Daughters of America. Beth Ahabah Museum and Archives holds other materials of a religious nature relating to the Goodman family.","The final component of the collection, second in size only to that of the suffrage and voting rights material, is that of art, particularly art in Virginia. An artist by training, Adèle Clark worked ceaselessly for increased public awareness of the traditions and richness of art within the Commonwealth. To this end, the collection documents the contributions of Clark and her colleagues in the following endeavors: the Art Club of Richmond, Atelier, Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, Richmond Academy of Arts, Virginia Arts Commission, and Works Project Administration-Federal Arts Project. In addition to containing the correspondence relating to the operations of these organizations, the records also contain memoranda, minutes and reports of committees, and materials on exhibitions sponsored by these organizations. Of particular significance are the records of the Academy Committee of the Art Club that document the committee's role in attempting to resurrect the arts academy. Materials relating to the WPA and the Virginia Arts Commission emphasize Clark's substantial role in making the public a more active player in the promotion of the arts. Clark's monthly and narrative reports on several WPA art galleries, as well as data on the Index of American Design, provide a detailed account of the variety of art projects the WPA underwrote in Virginia.","The collection also contains a range of art and art school publications, art supply advertisements, catalogs, exhibition bulletins and notices from local and national art institutions. A small number of drawings, sketches and miscellaneous artwork created by Adèle Clark, Nora Houston and other artists are also represented. Some of the more notable pieces include Clark's original lithograph \"Richmond Market at Christmas\", copies of Nora Houston's house sketches and artwork produced by children of various ages. Lastly there are numerous kinds of illustrations and reproductions that Clark and Houston utilized in their art classes.","Significant portions of the collection are in fragile condition, particularly newspaper clippings and photographs. Reference copies of the photographs are available for use. A large portion of the clippings have been photocopied and the process will continue as time and staff permit.","Special Collections has also purchased suffrage and related materials. Please ask a staffmember for information about these supporting items.","Relationship: Adèle Clark's cousins.","Relationship: Mother of Adèle Clark. Nicknames include \"Dree,\" \"Muzzie,\" and \"Pouncey.\"","Relationship: Father of Adèle Clarke.","Relationship: Father of Julius D. Cowles who was married to Adèle Clark's sister Edith.","Relationship: Older sister to Adèle Clarke, married to Julius \"Jules\" D. Cowles, her nicknames include \"Baby,\" \"Deetie,\" and \"Binn.\"","Relationship: Adèle Clarke's neice, daughter of Edith and Julius Cowles, married to James Cox.","Relationship: Younger sister of Adèle Clarke, married to G. Frank Dew, her nicknames include \"Trudie,\" Trudee,\" and \"Teedee.\"","Relationship: Maternal uncle to Adèle Clark.","Relationship: Maternal aunt of Adèle Clark.","Relationship: Cousin related to the Clarke family.","Relationship: Maternal aunt of Adèle Clarke and her godmother, married to Robert Ions. Also nicknamed \"Nainaine.\"","Relationship: Adèle's cousin, daughter of Cely and Robert Ions. She went by the name Willoughby.","Relationship: Sister of Robert Ions.","Relationship: Adèle Clarke's uncle, married to Cecile \"Cely\" Goodman Ions. Nicknames include \"Godpa\" and \"Berto.\"","Relationship: Adèle Clark's cousin.","Relationship: Adèle Clark's cousin.","Relationship: Sister of Alice Dooley and Mary Dooley Jones.","Relationship: friend of Adèle, became a priest in the Episcopal Church.","Relationship: Estelle Goodman Clark's brother.","Relationship: Adèle's cousin, son of Cely and Robert Ions.","Relationship: Sister of Josephine Dooley Houston and Mary Dooley Jones.","Relationship: Cousin of Alice Dooley.","Relationship: Daughter of Josephine and Henry Houston.","Relationship: Sister of Alice Dooley and Josephine Dooley Houston.","[merged with the restored Academy in the spring of 1930]","[grew out of the Atelier and later merged with the Academy]","Includes children's art work, art club material, instructional material; Japanese print.","Two labeled \"Class Room Building--State Teacher's College, Farmville, Virginia--Frank F. Stone Architect, Roanoke, Virginia, July 10, 1944\"; a third blue print labeled \"Improvements to Employees Cottage as suggested by Art Commission, May 5, 1944\"; fourth labeled \"Temporary Employee Cottage, Division of the Budget, March 29, 1944\";drawing for inscription of building \"Julian H. Burruss Hall\" labeled \"Teaching and Admin. Building, Va. Polytechnic Inst., Blacksburg, VA - Carneal, Johnston \u0026 Wright Architects \u0026 Engineers, Richmond, Virginia.\"","Various institutions to Benjamin Franklin Dew Jr., 1930s-1940s.","Entitled \"Proposed Store For Mr. S.W. Farran - Designed by W.R. Snapp, 1107 Penn St. N.E.\"","Capitol Area of Richmond, undated; Map of Richmond and Environs, Department of Public Works, 1923; Drawn map of Richmond's North Side.","Depicts status of women's suffrage (framed and fragile).","Suffrage era map - \"The Woman Voter and the next President of the United States\" - showing which states women can vote and which ones women cannot vote.","All with heading of the Virginia League of Woman Voters and labeled as follows: Congressional Districts Organized; Counties having some form of organization; Counties and cities holding citizenship schools; Virginia League of Women voters organized November 10, 1920; Number of Leagues organized; and one unlabeled.","Large flyer on which states have compulsory school attendance, 1921; map of Virginia by Virginia Department of Agriculture and Immigration; a chart compiled by Lucia R. Maxwell on International Socialism 1922-1923, showing various woman's organizations; poster of Anchor Line Twin Screw Geared Turbine Steamer named the \"California\"; Centennial Memorial of United States--Declaration of Independence, published by Baltimore and Ohio Railroad; Victory Liberty Loan poster; anti-war poster; poster of mechanized man and horse; Virginia Society for Human Life poster; League of Women Voters poster \"Vote\" (2 posters); sheet music: \"Votes for Women\" - Suffrage Rallying Song.","(includes items on women's suffrage; voting habits; a  Richmond News-Leader,  Suffrage Supplement, and an article on paintings at Richmond Woman's Club; an article by Adèle Clark; several pages of the  Richmond Times-Dispatch,   November 2, 1933 about the Community Fund; Atlanta Journal, June 12, 1919 article on U.S. Senate passing suffrage amendment; front page of  Richmond Times-Dispatch,   January 1, 1929, article on what Virginia leaders would like to see in 1929, includes article by Adèle Clark.","Majority of the photographs are from the Equal Suffrage League or Virginia League of Women Voters' events. All of these photographs have been reproduced and can be found elsewhere in Series XVII.","Two different posters on the prevention of war; a Department of the Interior, Bureau of Education poster entitled \"How and Why to Stand Correctly\" 1918; a draft version of a poster by the Equal Suffrage League with typewritten history of suffrage in Virginia and the printed finished copy."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_coll_ssim":["League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":3079,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T04:37:44.566Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_279.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Clark, Adele Goodman, papers","title_ssm":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"title_tesim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1849-1978"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1849-1978"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 9","/repositories/5/resources/279"],"text":["M 9","/repositories/5/resources/279","Adele Goodman Clark papers","Women -- Suffrage -- Virginia -- Richmond","Art -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond","Collection is open to research.","Series I--Correspondence and Family Materials (n.d., 1849-1971) ; Series II--Business/Civic Organization Correspondence (n.d., 1903-1971) ; Series III--Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV) (n.d., 1892-1926) ; Series IV: Richmond League of Women Voters (n.d., 1920- 1978) ; Series V--Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) (n.d., 1915-1967) ; Series VI--The League of Women Voters of Virginia (n.d., 1945-1970) ; Series VII--The National League of Women Voters (n.d., 1919-1947) ; Series VIII--League of Women Voters (n.d., 1946-1976) ; Series IX--Commission on Simplification of State and Local Government (n.d., 1921- 1927) ; Series X--Liberal Arts College for Women Commission (n.d., 1918-1938) ; Series XI--National Reemployment Service (n.d., 1925-1938) ; Series XII--Lila Meade Valentine memorial Association (n.d., 1921-1936) ; Series XIII--Religious Materials ; Series XIV--Art (n.d., 1850-1971) ; Series XV--Ephemera and Photographs (n.d., ca. 1850 - ca. 1970)","A founding member of the Virginia suffrage movement and a prominent supporter of the arts in Virginia, Adèle Goodman Clark (1882-1983) exemplified the influential role civically active women played in the major social reform movements of the twentieth century. Calling politics and art her \"creative spirits\", Clark was involved in a number of reform initiatives throughout her century of life that championed the rights of women and promoted the arts.","The second oldest daughter of Robert Clark (1832?-1906) and Estelle Goodman Clark (1847-1937), Adèle was born in Montgomery, Alabama on September 27, 1882. Before moving permanently to Richmond, the Clark family lived in New Orleans, LA, as well as the small town of Pass Christian, MS. It was in a one room school house in the latter town that Adèle developed a fondness for the arts. After her family moved to Richmond in 1894, Adèle enrolled in the Virginia Randolph Ellett School (now St. Catherine's). Adèle also studied art with Lilly M. Logan, who ran the art school at the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906 she was awarded a scholarship to the New York School of Fine and Applied Arts (the Chase School of Art), where she studied under Kenneth Hays Miller, Douglas Cannal, William M. Chase, and Robert Henri, leader of the \"Ash Can\" school of painting. Upon her return to Richmond, Clark began a teaching career at the Art Club of Richmond. It was here that Adèle began her long association and friendship with acclaimed Virginia artist, Nora Houston. When the Art Club of Richmond was dissolved in 1917, the women went on to establish The Atelier. Under their direction this private art studio, located adjacent to Clark's Chamberlayne Avenue residence, became a training ground for such noted Virginia artists as Edmund Archer, Eleanor Fry and Theresa Pollack (founder of the VCU School of the Arts). Two years later they founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, where they both held the title of artistic director. During this period, they participated in a fundraising campaign for the resurrection of the old Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. Their goal became a reality in 1930 when the new Richmond Academy of Arts, forerunner to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, was established on Capitol Street.*","Clark's interest in the suffrage movement began in 1909 when she was asked by novelist Ellen Glasgow to sign a petition calling for Virginia women to gain voting privileges. On November 27th of that year Clark, along with eighteen other civic-minded women, held a preliminary meeting to discuss the establishment of a state-wide suffrage organization. At this first meeting of what would become the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, Clark was elected secretary, a position she held for one year. She later helped direct legislative initiatives, organized suffrage rallies and went on speaking tours that helped establish new League chapters throughout the state. Clark also served for several years as chair of the ratification committee and head of the Equal Suffrage League lobby to the Virginia General Assembly.","After passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 (which was ratified by Virginia in 1952), the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia was transformed into the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV). For nearly two decades Clark played a major role in the VLWV.","Selected as the VLWV's first chair in 1920, Clark became president one year later. She held this position for eighteen years (nonconsecutively). Her work in the VLWV involved constant study of legislation involving social issues and governmental efficiency and administration. In 1924, Clark was elected to the board of the National League of Women Voters (NLWV) as Director of the Third Region. The region included Washington, D.C., Virginia, and six other southern states. The following year she was elected Second Vice President of the NLWV, in which capacity she served until the Spring of 1928. During that period Clark traveled to conventions in twenty-four states on speaking tours. Along with other officers of the NLWV she helped resolve league organizational problems.","In addition to her work for the VLWV and NLWV, Clark also served on two important state government commissions. In 1922, Governor E. Lee Trinkle appointed her to the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government, on which she served for two years as secretary of the Commission. In addition to performing the editorial and clerical work of the Commission, Clark also authored several of the chapters of the Commission's final report (January 1924) to the Virginia General Assembly. Four years later, Governor Harry F. Byrd, Jr. appointed Clark to the Liberal Arts College for Women Commission, on which she also served as secretary. The nine member Commission studied the feasibility of establishing a new liberal arts college for women in Virginia. The second report of the Commission (January 1930), which contained the \"set-up\" of the proposed college [now Mary Washington College?], was the product of research conducted by Clark with the assistance of Commission advisors.","Clark's strong commitment to higher education was exemplified in several other ways. From March - September, 1926, she served as the Social Director of women students at the College of William and Mary. She was also instrumental in the establishment of citizenship courses for women through the University of Virginia's Extension Division. The courses were designed to educate women about the intricacies of governmental institutions.","During the New Deal era, Clark distinguished herself in two important agencies. In 1933, she was selected as a field supervisor for the National Reemployment Service (NRS). Along with the state reemployment director and other field staff, she assisted in the organization of local reemployment offices throughout Virginia. After stepping down as field supervisor for the NRS, Clark became the Virginia Arts Project Director of the Work Projects Administration (WPA). This particular branch of the WPA was created to provide employment opportunities for artists in Virginia. In addition to producing murals for public buildings, artists employed by the WPA executed hundreds of paintings that were then distributed to local and state tax-supported institutions for display. One major accomplishment during Clark's tenure at the WPA was the establishment of new art galleries, such as the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap.","In the later years of her life, Adèle Clark remained active in the Richmond community. After converting to Roman Catholicism in 1942, Clark utilized her political experience as a member of the Richmond Diocesan Council of Catholic Women (RDCCW). From 1949 to 1959 she served as the chair of the RDCCW's Legislative Committee. Clark also continued to speak out against a number of issues affecting women, such as the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment and abortion.","Clark remained an active supporter of the Richmond art community. From 1941 to 1964 she was a member of the Virginia Arts Commission. The Commission helped to produce many of the murals and portraits displayed in state government buildings that depict the history of Virginia. Moreover, Clark's dedication to the teaching of art did not wane in these later years. She taught art to both the young and old in hospitals, schools and church classrooms. She also continued to enjoy creating her own artworks. Clark's paintings, mostly portraits and landscapes, have been exhibited in several states. One of her paintings, \"The Cherry Tree\", is in the permanent collection of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.","Clark had a unique perspective on the influence of art on her political ideology. She once stated, \"I've always tried to combine my interest in art with my interest in government. I think we ought to have more of the creative and imaginative in politics.\"","Adèle Clark died at the age of 100 on June 5, 1983.","[Information from newspaper accounts and the Adèle Goodman Clark Papers.]","Teacher of Organization and Parliamentary Law at Suffrage School","Chairman, Committee on Uniform Laws Concerning Women, Chicago, ILL","Chairman of the Committee on International Cooperation to Prevent War, of the NLWV, Miss Morgan was also President of the Colony Club of New York","The Adèle Goodman Clark papers document the life and activities of Miss Clark (1882-1983) throughout her adult life, as well as those of her closest friends and relatives. Miss Clark was a member of a small group of civically active Richmond women whose names appear throughout the collection. Of particular note are members of Clark's family, Edith Clark Cowles, Willoughby Ions, and friends Roberta Wellford, Lila Meade Valentine, Lucy Randolph Mason, Ida Mae Thompson, Eudora W. Ramsay Richardson, Nora Houston and Josephine Houston. A list and chart describing the family relationships follows the Series Description and Arrangement, which specifically details the arrangement of the collection and highlights areas of particular significance within each series.","The collection is comprised of five major components, each with its own depth of coverage, usually dependent upon the length of Clark's involvement. The first major component of the collection contains materials pertaining to the Clark and Houston families with their multiple activities, responsibilities and affiliations. The documents in this section include the personal correspondence of Adèle Clark, Nora Houston, and members of both the Clark and Houston families. Correspondence from Estelle Goodman Clark, Cely \"Nainaine\" Ions, and Estelle Adèle Goodman","Willoughby Ions provide a richly detailed account of the more significant events within the Clark-Ions family. Also included is personal, business, and legal correspondence between members of the Goodman family, predating the Civil War, and personal correspondence to Clark and Nora Houston from close friends and associates such as Cornelia Adair, T. Bowyer Campbell, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon and Roberta Wellford. Additional family information is provided by legal and real estate correspondence, biographical sketches, family and genealogical histories, composition books, diaries, journals, and poetry by various members of the Clark and Houston families. Some items of significance include handwritten memoranda and notes, poems, short stories and other fictional material written by Adèle Clark during her lifetime. The Virginia Historical Society holds additional Clark family materials (see Appendices).","The collection also includes correspondence from businesses and civic organizations with which Clark, Edith Clark Cowles, and the Dooley/Houston family were affiliated during their lifetimes. A list of the more significant organizations includes the Virginia Society for Crippled Children and Handicapped Adults, Commission of Inter-Racial (or Interracial) Cooperation, Woodrow Wilson Foundation, National Consumers League, and Social Science Research Council-Committee on Public Administration. There is also correspondence from prominent local and state government officials that further document the political activities and biases of these women. Brochures, memoranda and publications from these organizations are scattered throughout the collection.","While the family correspondence provides information about Clark's early years, the greatest significance of the collection lies in its documentation of the activities of the suffrage movement, both locally and nationally. The collection is particularly strong in its representation of correspondence, reports, memoranda and publications reflecting the sentiments and political positions of both the pro- and anti- suffrage movement from 1913 until the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. A large portion of this segment also documents the actions of the post-suffragists in their work through the national, state and local chapters of the League of Women Voters (LWV). Clark's considerable role of participation in the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) in the first two decades of the organization provides an abundant amount of material chronicling the many social and political issues in which local and national LWV members were engaged. Although the documentation of the activities of the LWV continues well into the 1970s, the collection is not as strong for the later years as it is for the earlier period.","The suffrage materials, the second and largest component in the collection, are composed of documentation of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV), Richmond League of Women Voters, the VLWV, and the reorganized League of Women Voters of Virginia (LWVV). The ESLV materials includes correspondence, committee and financial memoranda, convention material, notes, reports and miscellaneous literature. There is a large quantity of outgoing correspondence created by the corresponding secretaries of the ESLV which pertains to the efforts of organizing local suffrage chapters throughout the state and between officers of the ESLV, state and national government officials. Also included is correspondence between ESLV President, Lila Meade Valentine, and women of significance within the suffrage movement including Carrie Chapman Catt, Anna Howard Shaw, Maud Wood Park and Kate Gordon. While there is a substantial amount of correspondence generated by the central office of the ESLV, between 1909-1912 there are some major gaps. A portion of this documentation for the early history of the ESLV can be found at the Library of Virginia (see Appendices). Throughout its eleven year existence, the ESLV compiled an enormous amount of literature on the suffrage movement published by the National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA), and other organizations. Materials generated by the movement and represented in this portion of the collection include petitions, photographs, enrollment cards, posters, suffrage maps, sashes and other ephemeral items. Additional publications have not been indexed but are available for research.","The bulk of the materials of the remaining suffrage organizations represented in the collection fall within a fourteen year time frame, 1920-1934, and includes President/Executive Secretary correspondence, bulletins, circulars, committee memoranda, and financial statements as well as records relating to the Virginia Cookery Book, the Governor's Ball and the citizenship courses sponsored by the VLWV. Clark also corresponded with the President of the NLWV and other officers in the national organization. The significant correspondents include Maud Wood Park, Belle Sherwin, Katherine Ludington, and Gertrude Ely. Incoming correspondence from prominent Virginia women such as Faith Morgan, Roberta Wellford, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon, Kate Waller Barrett, Mrs. John L. Lewis of Lynchburg, Mrs. John H. Lewis of Ashland, and Mrs C.E. [Jessie] Townsend of Norfolk can be found in both the President/Executive Correspondence files and the Board of Directors/Executive Committee/Standing Committees file of the VLWV.","The records of the VLWV document in great detail the legislative agenda over a fourteen year period. The VLWV materials contain correspondence, circulars, memoranda questionnaires and reports pertaining to the Children's Code Commission, Virginia Women's Council Legislative Chairman of State Organizations and other major committees of the VLWV; revealing which major pieces of legislation were of utmost concern to Clark and the VLWV. Like its predecessor, the VLWV collected a wide variety of literature from state, national and international organizations which championed a spectrum of causes of interest to Clark and her associates. These organizations include the League of Nations Association, National Council for the Prevention of War, National Women's Trade Union League of America, and Southern Council of Women and Children in Industry.","Documentation of the NLWV (1920-1945) and the later reorganized League of Woman Voters of Virginia (1946-presents) includes correspondence and memoranda produced by Clark as Second Vice President in charge of Legislation and Law Enforcement and Third Regional Director for the NLWV. In addition to correspondence, memoranda, minutes, notes and reports there are materials detailing her involvement in nationally sponsored speaking tours throughout several regions of the United States. Items from the national office consist of mimeographed Adèle Goodman Clark correspondence and memoranda, reports, press releases and various publications created by the major standing committees and departments of the NLWV. Clark's activity in both the state and national leagues diminished to a great extent after 1934. Records of the latter local, state and national organizations primarily consists of bulletins, newsletters, and other literature published and distributed by the organizations.","Clark was very involved in the commemoration of the contributions of Lila Meade Valentine to the suffrage movement. The collection contains the organizational records of the Lila Meade Valentine Memorial Association (1921-1937), which was established to raise money for a memorial tablet dedicated to Mrs. Valentine to be placed in the Capitol Building in Richmond. Much of the material consists of correspondence and memoranda between the association's chairperson, Adèle Clark and the individuals who contributed to the memorial fund. There is also correspondence between Clark and the sculptor chosen to produce the memorial tablet. Other material includes financial data, contributors lists, minutes, notes and reports documenting the association's fundraising activities.","The collection of materials related to state and national politics comprises the third major section of the Clark Papers. These materials include correspondence, memoranda, minutes, reports, statistical data, and literature generated by or related to the work of the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government (1921-1927) and the Liberal Arts College Commission (1918, 1929-1933). Material pertaining to both of these government commissions highlight the research and information gathering work undertaken by Clark and the members of these commissions before presentation of the final reports to the Virginia General Assembly. The collection also contains the annotated drafts and proofs of the reports in various stages of development. Correspondence, notes, reports and travel vouchers highlight Clark's duties as a NRS Field Supervisor and her involvement with the National Reemployment Service (1925-1937). Correspondence between Clark and the State Reemployment Director reveal the types of reemployment projects in which the NRS was actively engaged throughout the state. In addition, correspondence between Clark and other field staff demonstrate the extent to which Clark participated in managing local reemployment offices during her tenure with the NRS. Published reports, speeches, manuals, newspaper clippings and other ephemeral materials are also included.","The fourth area of interest of Adèle's, as reflected in the collection, was religion. Included here are the organizational records and personal items documenting the religious activities of Clark, Nora Houston, and several members of the Houston family. It should be noted that Clark was baptized and confirmed in the Episcopal Church and later became a devout Roman Catholic after Nora Houston's death in 1942. Included is correspondence between both women and various religious organizations, church leaflets, pamphlets and prayerbooks, periodicals and other items of a religious nature. Some of the organizations with which Clark and Houston corresponded include the Catholic Woman's Club, National Council of Catholic Women, National Conference on Christians and Jews, and Catholic Daughters of America. Beth Ahabah Museum and Archives holds other materials of a religious nature relating to the Goodman family.","The final component of the collection, second in size only to that of the suffrage and voting rights material, is that of art, particularly art in Virginia. An artist by training, Adèle Clark worked ceaselessly for increased public awareness of the traditions and richness of art within the Commonwealth. To this end, the collection documents the contributions of Clark and her colleagues in the following endeavors: the Art Club of Richmond, Atelier, Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, Richmond Academy of Arts, Virginia Arts Commission, and Works Project Administration-Federal Arts Project. In addition to containing the correspondence relating to the operations of these organizations, the records also contain memoranda, minutes and reports of committees, and materials on exhibitions sponsored by these organizations. Of particular significance are the records of the Academy Committee of the Art Club that document the committee's role in attempting to resurrect the arts academy. Materials relating to the WPA and the Virginia Arts Commission emphasize Clark's substantial role in making the public a more active player in the promotion of the arts. Clark's monthly and narrative reports on several WPA art galleries, as well as data on the Index of American Design, provide a detailed account of the variety of art projects the WPA underwrote in Virginia.","The collection also contains a range of art and art school publications, art supply advertisements, catalogs, exhibition bulletins and notices from local and national art institutions. A small number of drawings, sketches and miscellaneous artwork created by Adèle Clark, Nora Houston and other artists are also represented. Some of the more notable pieces include Clark's original lithograph \"Richmond Market at Christmas\", copies of Nora Houston's house sketches and artwork produced by children of various ages. Lastly there are numerous kinds of illustrations and reproductions that Clark and Houston utilized in their art classes.","Significant portions of the collection are in fragile condition, particularly newspaper clippings and photographs. Reference copies of the photographs are available for use. A large portion of the clippings have been photocopied and the process will continue as time and staff permit.","Special Collections has also purchased suffrage and related materials. Please ask a staffmember for information about these supporting items.","Relationship: Adèle Clark's cousins.","Relationship: Mother of Adèle Clark. Nicknames include \"Dree,\" \"Muzzie,\" and \"Pouncey.\"","Relationship: Father of Adèle Clarke.","Relationship: Father of Julius D. Cowles who was married to Adèle Clark's sister Edith.","Relationship: Older sister to Adèle Clarke, married to Julius \"Jules\" D. Cowles, her nicknames include \"Baby,\" \"Deetie,\" and \"Binn.\"","Relationship: Adèle Clarke's neice, daughter of Edith and Julius Cowles, married to James Cox.","Relationship: Younger sister of Adèle Clarke, married to G. Frank Dew, her nicknames include \"Trudie,\" Trudee,\" and \"Teedee.\"","Relationship: Maternal uncle to Adèle Clark.","Relationship: Maternal aunt of Adèle Clark.","Relationship: Cousin related to the Clarke family.","Relationship: Maternal aunt of Adèle Clarke and her godmother, married to Robert Ions. Also nicknamed \"Nainaine.\"","Relationship: Adèle's cousin, daughter of Cely and Robert Ions. She went by the name Willoughby.","Relationship: Sister of Robert Ions.","Relationship: Adèle Clarke's uncle, married to Cecile \"Cely\" Goodman Ions. Nicknames include \"Godpa\" and \"Berto.\"","Relationship: Adèle Clark's cousin.","Relationship: Adèle Clark's cousin.","Relationship: Sister of Alice Dooley and Mary Dooley Jones.","Relationship: friend of Adèle, became a priest in the Episcopal Church.","Relationship: Estelle Goodman Clark's brother.","Relationship: Adèle's cousin, son of Cely and Robert Ions.","Relationship: Sister of Josephine Dooley Houston and Mary Dooley Jones.","Relationship: Cousin of Alice Dooley.","Relationship: Daughter of Josephine and Henry Houston.","Relationship: Sister of Alice Dooley and Josephine Dooley Houston.","[merged with the restored Academy in the spring of 1930]","[grew out of the Atelier and later merged with the Academy]","Includes children's art work, art club material, instructional material; Japanese print.","Two labeled \"Class Room Building--State Teacher's College, Farmville, Virginia--Frank F. Stone Architect, Roanoke, Virginia, July 10, 1944\"; a third blue print labeled \"Improvements to Employees Cottage as suggested by Art Commission, May 5, 1944\"; fourth labeled \"Temporary Employee Cottage, Division of the Budget, March 29, 1944\";drawing for inscription of building \"Julian H. Burruss Hall\" labeled \"Teaching and Admin. Building, Va. Polytechnic Inst., Blacksburg, VA - Carneal, Johnston \u0026 Wright Architects \u0026 Engineers, Richmond, Virginia.\"","Various institutions to Benjamin Franklin Dew Jr., 1930s-1940s.","Entitled \"Proposed Store For Mr. S.W. Farran - Designed by W.R. Snapp, 1107 Penn St. N.E.\"","Capitol Area of Richmond, undated; Map of Richmond and Environs, Department of Public Works, 1923; Drawn map of Richmond's North Side.","Depicts status of women's suffrage (framed and fragile).","Suffrage era map - \"The Woman Voter and the next President of the United States\" - showing which states women can vote and which ones women cannot vote.","All with heading of the Virginia League of Woman Voters and labeled as follows: Congressional Districts Organized; Counties having some form of organization; Counties and cities holding citizenship schools; Virginia League of Women voters organized November 10, 1920; Number of Leagues organized; and one unlabeled.","Large flyer on which states have compulsory school attendance, 1921; map of Virginia by Virginia Department of Agriculture and Immigration; a chart compiled by Lucia R. Maxwell on International Socialism 1922-1923, showing various woman's organizations; poster of Anchor Line Twin Screw Geared Turbine Steamer named the \"California\"; Centennial Memorial of United States--Declaration of Independence, published by Baltimore and Ohio Railroad; Victory Liberty Loan poster; anti-war poster; poster of mechanized man and horse; Virginia Society for Human Life poster; League of Women Voters poster \"Vote\" (2 posters); sheet music: \"Votes for Women\" - Suffrage Rallying Song.","(includes items on women's suffrage; voting habits; a  Richmond News-Leader,  Suffrage Supplement, and an article on paintings at Richmond Woman's Club; an article by Adèle Clark; several pages of the  Richmond Times-Dispatch,   November 2, 1933 about the Community Fund; Atlanta Journal, June 12, 1919 article on U.S. Senate passing suffrage amendment; front page of  Richmond Times-Dispatch,   January 1, 1929, article on what Virginia leaders would like to see in 1929, includes article by Adèle Clark.","Majority of the photographs are from the Equal Suffrage League or Virginia League of Women Voters' events. All of these photographs have been reproduced and can be found elsewhere in Series XVII.","Two different posters on the prevention of war; a Department of the Interior, Bureau of Education poster entitled \"How and Why to Stand Correctly\" 1918; a draft version of a poster by the Equal Suffrage League with typewritten history of suffrage in Virginia and the printed finished copy.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives","English"],"unitid_tesim":["M 9","/repositories/5/resources/279"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"collection_ssim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"creator_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"creators_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women -- Suffrage -- Virginia -- Richmond","Art -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women -- Suffrage -- Virginia -- Richmond","Art -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["128 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["128 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Restrictions on Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I--Correspondence and Family Materials (n.d., 1849-1971) ; Series II--Business/Civic Organization Correspondence (n.d., 1903-1971) ; Series III--Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV) (n.d., 1892-1926) ; Series IV: Richmond League of Women Voters (n.d., 1920- 1978) ; Series V--Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) (n.d., 1915-1967) ; Series VI--The League of Women Voters of Virginia (n.d., 1945-1970) ; Series VII--The National League of Women Voters (n.d., 1919-1947) ; Series VIII--League of Women Voters (n.d., 1946-1976) ; Series IX--Commission on Simplification of State and Local Government (n.d., 1921- 1927) ; Series X--Liberal Arts College for Women Commission (n.d., 1918-1938) ; Series XI--National Reemployment Service (n.d., 1925-1938) ; Series XII--Lila Meade Valentine memorial Association (n.d., 1921-1936) ; Series XIII--Religious Materials ; Series XIV--Art (n.d., 1850-1971) ; Series XV--Ephemera and Photographs (n.d., ca. 1850 - ca. 1970)\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series I--Correspondence and Family Materials (n.d., 1849-1971) ; Series II--Business/Civic Organization Correspondence (n.d., 1903-1971) ; Series III--Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV) (n.d., 1892-1926) ; Series IV: Richmond League of Women Voters (n.d., 1920- 1978) ; Series V--Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) (n.d., 1915-1967) ; Series VI--The League of Women Voters of Virginia (n.d., 1945-1970) ; Series VII--The National League of Women Voters (n.d., 1919-1947) ; Series VIII--League of Women Voters (n.d., 1946-1976) ; Series IX--Commission on Simplification of State and Local Government (n.d., 1921- 1927) ; Series X--Liberal Arts College for Women Commission (n.d., 1918-1938) ; Series XI--National Reemployment Service (n.d., 1925-1938) ; Series XII--Lila Meade Valentine memorial Association (n.d., 1921-1936) ; Series XIII--Religious Materials ; Series XIV--Art (n.d., 1850-1971) ; Series XV--Ephemera and Photographs (n.d., ca. 1850 - ca. 1970)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA founding member of the Virginia suffrage movement and a prominent supporter of the arts in Virginia, Adèle Goodman Clark (1882-1983) exemplified the influential role civically active women played in the major social reform movements of the twentieth century. Calling politics and art her \"creative spirits\", Clark was involved in a number of reform initiatives throughout her century of life that championed the rights of women and promoted the arts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe second oldest daughter of Robert Clark (1832?-1906) and Estelle Goodman Clark (1847-1937), Adèle was born in Montgomery, Alabama on September 27, 1882. Before moving permanently to Richmond, the Clark family lived in New Orleans, LA, as well as the small town of Pass Christian, MS. It was in a one room school house in the latter town that Adèle developed a fondness for the arts. After her family moved to Richmond in 1894, Adèle enrolled in the Virginia Randolph Ellett School (now St. Catherine's). Adèle also studied art with Lilly M. Logan, who ran the art school at the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906 she was awarded a scholarship to the New York School of Fine and Applied Arts (the Chase School of Art), where she studied under Kenneth Hays Miller, Douglas Cannal, William M. Chase, and Robert Henri, leader of the \"Ash Can\" school of painting. Upon her return to Richmond, Clark began a teaching career at the Art Club of Richmond. It was here that Adèle began her long association and friendship with acclaimed Virginia artist, Nora Houston. When the Art Club of Richmond was dissolved in 1917, the women went on to establish The Atelier. Under their direction this private art studio, located adjacent to Clark's Chamberlayne Avenue residence, became a training ground for such noted Virginia artists as Edmund Archer, Eleanor Fry and Theresa Pollack (founder of the VCU School of the Arts). Two years later they founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, where they both held the title of artistic director. During this period, they participated in a fundraising campaign for the resurrection of the old Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. Their goal became a reality in 1930 when the new Richmond Academy of Arts, forerunner to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, was established on Capitol Street.*\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClark's interest in the suffrage movement began in 1909 when she was asked by novelist Ellen Glasgow to sign a petition calling for Virginia women to gain voting privileges. On November 27th of that year Clark, along with eighteen other civic-minded women, held a preliminary meeting to discuss the establishment of a state-wide suffrage organization. At this first meeting of what would become the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, Clark was elected secretary, a position she held for one year. She later helped direct legislative initiatives, organized suffrage rallies and went on speaking tours that helped establish new League chapters throughout the state. Clark also served for several years as chair of the ratification committee and head of the Equal Suffrage League lobby to the Virginia General Assembly.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 (which was ratified by Virginia in 1952), the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia was transformed into the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV). For nearly two decades Clark played a major role in the VLWV.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSelected as the VLWV's first chair in 1920, Clark became president one year later. She held this position for eighteen years (nonconsecutively). Her work in the VLWV involved constant study of legislation involving social issues and governmental efficiency and administration. In 1924, Clark was elected to the board of the National League of Women Voters (NLWV) as Director of the Third Region. The region included Washington, D.C., Virginia, and six other southern states. The following year she was elected Second Vice President of the NLWV, in which capacity she served until the Spring of 1928. During that period Clark traveled to conventions in twenty-four states on speaking tours. Along with other officers of the NLWV she helped resolve league organizational problems.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to her work for the VLWV and NLWV, Clark also served on two important state government commissions. In 1922, Governor E. Lee Trinkle appointed her to the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government, on which she served for two years as secretary of the Commission. In addition to performing the editorial and clerical work of the Commission, Clark also authored several of the chapters of the Commission's final report (January 1924) to the Virginia General Assembly. Four years later, Governor Harry F. Byrd, Jr. appointed Clark to the Liberal Arts College for Women Commission, on which she also served as secretary. The nine member Commission studied the feasibility of establishing a new liberal arts college for women in Virginia. The second report of the Commission (January 1930), which contained the \"set-up\" of the proposed college [now Mary Washington College?], was the product of research conducted by Clark with the assistance of Commission advisors.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClark's strong commitment to higher education was exemplified in several other ways. From March - September, 1926, she served as the Social Director of women students at the College of William and Mary. She was also instrumental in the establishment of citizenship courses for women through the University of Virginia's Extension Division. The courses were designed to educate women about the intricacies of governmental institutions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDuring the New Deal era, Clark distinguished herself in two important agencies. In 1933, she was selected as a field supervisor for the National Reemployment Service (NRS). Along with the state reemployment director and other field staff, she assisted in the organization of local reemployment offices throughout Virginia. After stepping down as field supervisor for the NRS, Clark became the Virginia Arts Project Director of the Work Projects Administration (WPA). This particular branch of the WPA was created to provide employment opportunities for artists in Virginia. In addition to producing murals for public buildings, artists employed by the WPA executed hundreds of paintings that were then distributed to local and state tax-supported institutions for display. One major accomplishment during Clark's tenure at the WPA was the establishment of new art galleries, such as the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn the later years of her life, Adèle Clark remained active in the Richmond community. After converting to Roman Catholicism in 1942, Clark utilized her political experience as a member of the Richmond Diocesan Council of Catholic Women (RDCCW). From 1949 to 1959 she served as the chair of the RDCCW's Legislative Committee. Clark also continued to speak out against a number of issues affecting women, such as the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment and abortion.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClark remained an active supporter of the Richmond art community. From 1941 to 1964 she was a member of the Virginia Arts Commission. The Commission helped to produce many of the murals and portraits displayed in state government buildings that depict the history of Virginia. Moreover, Clark's dedication to the teaching of art did not wane in these later years. She taught art to both the young and old in hospitals, schools and church classrooms. She also continued to enjoy creating her own artworks. Clark's paintings, mostly portraits and landscapes, have been exhibited in several states. One of her paintings, \"The Cherry Tree\", is in the permanent collection of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClark had a unique perspective on the influence of art on her political ideology. She once stated, \"I've always tried to combine my interest in art with my interest in government. I think we ought to have more of the creative and imaginative in politics.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAdèle Clark died at the age of 100 on June 5, 1983.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e[Information from newspaper accounts and the Adèle Goodman Clark Papers.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTeacher of Organization and Parliamentary Law at Suffrage School\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChairman, Committee on Uniform Laws Concerning Women, Chicago, ILL\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChairman of the Committee on International Cooperation to Prevent War, of the NLWV, Miss Morgan was also President of the Colony Club of New York\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["A founding member of the Virginia suffrage movement and a prominent supporter of the arts in Virginia, Adèle Goodman Clark (1882-1983) exemplified the influential role civically active women played in the major social reform movements of the twentieth century. Calling politics and art her \"creative spirits\", Clark was involved in a number of reform initiatives throughout her century of life that championed the rights of women and promoted the arts.","The second oldest daughter of Robert Clark (1832?-1906) and Estelle Goodman Clark (1847-1937), Adèle was born in Montgomery, Alabama on September 27, 1882. Before moving permanently to Richmond, the Clark family lived in New Orleans, LA, as well as the small town of Pass Christian, MS. It was in a one room school house in the latter town that Adèle developed a fondness for the arts. After her family moved to Richmond in 1894, Adèle enrolled in the Virginia Randolph Ellett School (now St. Catherine's). Adèle also studied art with Lilly M. Logan, who ran the art school at the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906 she was awarded a scholarship to the New York School of Fine and Applied Arts (the Chase School of Art), where she studied under Kenneth Hays Miller, Douglas Cannal, William M. Chase, and Robert Henri, leader of the \"Ash Can\" school of painting. Upon her return to Richmond, Clark began a teaching career at the Art Club of Richmond. It was here that Adèle began her long association and friendship with acclaimed Virginia artist, Nora Houston. When the Art Club of Richmond was dissolved in 1917, the women went on to establish The Atelier. Under their direction this private art studio, located adjacent to Clark's Chamberlayne Avenue residence, became a training ground for such noted Virginia artists as Edmund Archer, Eleanor Fry and Theresa Pollack (founder of the VCU School of the Arts). Two years later they founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, where they both held the title of artistic director. During this period, they participated in a fundraising campaign for the resurrection of the old Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. Their goal became a reality in 1930 when the new Richmond Academy of Arts, forerunner to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, was established on Capitol Street.*","Clark's interest in the suffrage movement began in 1909 when she was asked by novelist Ellen Glasgow to sign a petition calling for Virginia women to gain voting privileges. On November 27th of that year Clark, along with eighteen other civic-minded women, held a preliminary meeting to discuss the establishment of a state-wide suffrage organization. At this first meeting of what would become the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, Clark was elected secretary, a position she held for one year. She later helped direct legislative initiatives, organized suffrage rallies and went on speaking tours that helped establish new League chapters throughout the state. Clark also served for several years as chair of the ratification committee and head of the Equal Suffrage League lobby to the Virginia General Assembly.","After passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 (which was ratified by Virginia in 1952), the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia was transformed into the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV). For nearly two decades Clark played a major role in the VLWV.","Selected as the VLWV's first chair in 1920, Clark became president one year later. She held this position for eighteen years (nonconsecutively). Her work in the VLWV involved constant study of legislation involving social issues and governmental efficiency and administration. In 1924, Clark was elected to the board of the National League of Women Voters (NLWV) as Director of the Third Region. The region included Washington, D.C., Virginia, and six other southern states. The following year she was elected Second Vice President of the NLWV, in which capacity she served until the Spring of 1928. During that period Clark traveled to conventions in twenty-four states on speaking tours. Along with other officers of the NLWV she helped resolve league organizational problems.","In addition to her work for the VLWV and NLWV, Clark also served on two important state government commissions. In 1922, Governor E. Lee Trinkle appointed her to the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government, on which she served for two years as secretary of the Commission. In addition to performing the editorial and clerical work of the Commission, Clark also authored several of the chapters of the Commission's final report (January 1924) to the Virginia General Assembly. Four years later, Governor Harry F. Byrd, Jr. appointed Clark to the Liberal Arts College for Women Commission, on which she also served as secretary. The nine member Commission studied the feasibility of establishing a new liberal arts college for women in Virginia. The second report of the Commission (January 1930), which contained the \"set-up\" of the proposed college [now Mary Washington College?], was the product of research conducted by Clark with the assistance of Commission advisors.","Clark's strong commitment to higher education was exemplified in several other ways. From March - September, 1926, she served as the Social Director of women students at the College of William and Mary. She was also instrumental in the establishment of citizenship courses for women through the University of Virginia's Extension Division. The courses were designed to educate women about the intricacies of governmental institutions.","During the New Deal era, Clark distinguished herself in two important agencies. In 1933, she was selected as a field supervisor for the National Reemployment Service (NRS). Along with the state reemployment director and other field staff, she assisted in the organization of local reemployment offices throughout Virginia. After stepping down as field supervisor for the NRS, Clark became the Virginia Arts Project Director of the Work Projects Administration (WPA). This particular branch of the WPA was created to provide employment opportunities for artists in Virginia. In addition to producing murals for public buildings, artists employed by the WPA executed hundreds of paintings that were then distributed to local and state tax-supported institutions for display. One major accomplishment during Clark's tenure at the WPA was the establishment of new art galleries, such as the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap.","In the later years of her life, Adèle Clark remained active in the Richmond community. After converting to Roman Catholicism in 1942, Clark utilized her political experience as a member of the Richmond Diocesan Council of Catholic Women (RDCCW). From 1949 to 1959 she served as the chair of the RDCCW's Legislative Committee. Clark also continued to speak out against a number of issues affecting women, such as the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment and abortion.","Clark remained an active supporter of the Richmond art community. From 1941 to 1964 she was a member of the Virginia Arts Commission. The Commission helped to produce many of the murals and portraits displayed in state government buildings that depict the history of Virginia. Moreover, Clark's dedication to the teaching of art did not wane in these later years. She taught art to both the young and old in hospitals, schools and church classrooms. She also continued to enjoy creating her own artworks. Clark's paintings, mostly portraits and landscapes, have been exhibited in several states. One of her paintings, \"The Cherry Tree\", is in the permanent collection of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.","Clark had a unique perspective on the influence of art on her political ideology. She once stated, \"I've always tried to combine my interest in art with my interest in government. I think we ought to have more of the creative and imaginative in politics.\"","Adèle Clark died at the age of 100 on June 5, 1983.","[Information from newspaper accounts and the Adèle Goodman Clark Papers.]","Teacher of Organization and Parliamentary Law at Suffrage School","Chairman, Committee on Uniform Laws Concerning Women, Chicago, ILL","Chairman of the Committee on International Cooperation to Prevent War, of the NLWV, Miss Morgan was also President of the Colony Club of New York"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdele Goodman Clark papers, Collection # M 9, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers, Collection # M 9, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Adèle Goodman Clark papers document the life and activities of Miss Clark (1882-1983) throughout her adult life, as well as those of her closest friends and relatives. Miss Clark was a member of a small group of civically active Richmond women whose names appear throughout the collection. Of particular note are members of Clark's family, Edith Clark Cowles, Willoughby Ions, and friends Roberta Wellford, Lila Meade Valentine, Lucy Randolph Mason, Ida Mae Thompson, Eudora W. Ramsay Richardson, Nora Houston and Josephine Houston. A list and chart describing the family relationships follows the Series Description and Arrangement, which specifically details the arrangement of the collection and highlights areas of particular significance within each series.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection is comprised of five major components, each with its own depth of coverage, usually dependent upon the length of Clark's involvement. The first major component of the collection contains materials pertaining to the Clark and Houston families with their multiple activities, responsibilities and affiliations. The documents in this section include the personal correspondence of Adèle Clark, Nora Houston, and members of both the Clark and Houston families. Correspondence from Estelle Goodman Clark, Cely \"Nainaine\" Ions, and Estelle Adèle Goodman\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilloughby Ions provide a richly detailed account of the more significant events within the Clark-Ions family. Also included is personal, business, and legal correspondence between members of the Goodman family, predating the Civil War, and personal correspondence to Clark and Nora Houston from close friends and associates such as Cornelia Adair, T. Bowyer Campbell, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon and Roberta Wellford. Additional family information is provided by legal and real estate correspondence, biographical sketches, family and genealogical histories, composition books, diaries, journals, and poetry by various members of the Clark and Houston families. Some items of significance include handwritten memoranda and notes, poems, short stories and other fictional material written by Adèle Clark during her lifetime. The Virginia Historical Society holds additional Clark family materials (see Appendices).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also includes correspondence from businesses and civic organizations with which Clark, Edith Clark Cowles, and the Dooley/Houston family were affiliated during their lifetimes. A list of the more significant organizations includes the Virginia Society for Crippled Children and Handicapped Adults, Commission of Inter-Racial (or Interracial) Cooperation, Woodrow Wilson Foundation, National Consumers League, and Social Science Research Council-Committee on Public Administration. There is also correspondence from prominent local and state government officials that further document the political activities and biases of these women. Brochures, memoranda and publications from these organizations are scattered throughout the collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhile the family correspondence provides information about Clark's early years, the greatest significance of the collection lies in its documentation of the activities of the suffrage movement, both locally and nationally. The collection is particularly strong in its representation of correspondence, reports, memoranda and publications reflecting the sentiments and political positions of both the pro- and anti- suffrage movement from 1913 until the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. A large portion of this segment also documents the actions of the post-suffragists in their work through the national, state and local chapters of the League of Women Voters (LWV). Clark's considerable role of participation in the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) in the first two decades of the organization provides an abundant amount of material chronicling the many social and political issues in which local and national LWV members were engaged. Although the documentation of the activities of the LWV continues well into the 1970s, the collection is not as strong for the later years as it is for the earlier period.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe suffrage materials, the second and largest component in the collection, are composed of documentation of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV), Richmond League of Women Voters, the VLWV, and the reorganized League of Women Voters of Virginia (LWVV). The ESLV materials includes correspondence, committee and financial memoranda, convention material, notes, reports and miscellaneous literature. There is a large quantity of outgoing correspondence created by the corresponding secretaries of the ESLV which pertains to the efforts of organizing local suffrage chapters throughout the state and between officers of the ESLV, state and national government officials. Also included is correspondence between ESLV President, Lila Meade Valentine, and women of significance within the suffrage movement including Carrie Chapman Catt, Anna Howard Shaw, Maud Wood Park and Kate Gordon. While there is a substantial amount of correspondence generated by the central office of the ESLV, between 1909-1912 there are some major gaps. A portion of this documentation for the early history of the ESLV can be found at the Library of Virginia (see Appendices). Throughout its eleven year existence, the ESLV compiled an enormous amount of literature on the suffrage movement published by the National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA), and other organizations. Materials generated by the movement and represented in this portion of the collection include petitions, photographs, enrollment cards, posters, suffrage maps, sashes and other ephemeral items. Additional publications have not been indexed but are available for research.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the materials of the remaining suffrage organizations represented in the collection fall within a fourteen year time frame, 1920-1934, and includes President/Executive Secretary correspondence, bulletins, circulars, committee memoranda, and financial statements as well as records relating to the Virginia Cookery Book, the Governor's Ball and the citizenship courses sponsored by the VLWV. Clark also corresponded with the President of the NLWV and other officers in the national organization. The significant correspondents include Maud Wood Park, Belle Sherwin, Katherine Ludington, and Gertrude Ely. Incoming correspondence from prominent Virginia women such as Faith Morgan, Roberta Wellford, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon, Kate Waller Barrett, Mrs. John L. Lewis of Lynchburg, Mrs. John H. Lewis of Ashland, and Mrs C.E. [Jessie] Townsend of Norfolk can be found in both the President/Executive Correspondence files and the Board of Directors/Executive Committee/Standing Committees file of the VLWV.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe records of the VLWV document in great detail the legislative agenda over a fourteen year period. The VLWV materials contain correspondence, circulars, memoranda questionnaires and reports pertaining to the Children's Code Commission, Virginia Women's Council Legislative Chairman of State Organizations and other major committees of the VLWV; revealing which major pieces of legislation were of utmost concern to Clark and the VLWV. Like its predecessor, the VLWV collected a wide variety of literature from state, national and international organizations which championed a spectrum of causes of interest to Clark and her associates. These organizations include the League of Nations Association, National Council for the Prevention of War, National Women's Trade Union League of America, and Southern Council of Women and Children in Industry.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDocumentation of the NLWV (1920-1945) and the later reorganized League of Woman Voters of Virginia (1946-presents) includes correspondence and memoranda produced by Clark as Second Vice President in charge of Legislation and Law Enforcement and Third Regional Director for the NLWV. In addition to correspondence, memoranda, minutes, notes and reports there are materials detailing her involvement in nationally sponsored speaking tours throughout several regions of the United States. Items from the national office consist of mimeographed Adèle Goodman Clark correspondence and memoranda, reports, press releases and various publications created by the major standing committees and departments of the NLWV. Clark's activity in both the state and national leagues diminished to a great extent after 1934. Records of the latter local, state and national organizations primarily consists of bulletins, newsletters, and other literature published and distributed by the organizations.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClark was very involved in the commemoration of the contributions of Lila Meade Valentine to the suffrage movement. The collection contains the organizational records of the Lila Meade Valentine Memorial Association (1921-1937), which was established to raise money for a memorial tablet dedicated to Mrs. Valentine to be placed in the Capitol Building in Richmond. Much of the material consists of correspondence and memoranda between the association's chairperson, Adèle Clark and the individuals who contributed to the memorial fund. There is also correspondence between Clark and the sculptor chosen to produce the memorial tablet. Other material includes financial data, contributors lists, minutes, notes and reports documenting the association's fundraising activities.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection of materials related to state and national politics comprises the third major section of the Clark Papers. These materials include correspondence, memoranda, minutes, reports, statistical data, and literature generated by or related to the work of the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government (1921-1927) and the Liberal Arts College Commission (1918, 1929-1933). Material pertaining to both of these government commissions highlight the research and information gathering work undertaken by Clark and the members of these commissions before presentation of the final reports to the Virginia General Assembly. The collection also contains the annotated drafts and proofs of the reports in various stages of development. Correspondence, notes, reports and travel vouchers highlight Clark's duties as a NRS Field Supervisor and her involvement with the National Reemployment Service (1925-1937). Correspondence between Clark and the State Reemployment Director reveal the types of reemployment projects in which the NRS was actively engaged throughout the state. In addition, correspondence between Clark and other field staff demonstrate the extent to which Clark participated in managing local reemployment offices during her tenure with the NRS. Published reports, speeches, manuals, newspaper clippings and other ephemeral materials are also included.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe fourth area of interest of Adèle's, as reflected in the collection, was religion. Included here are the organizational records and personal items documenting the religious activities of Clark, Nora Houston, and several members of the Houston family. It should be noted that Clark was baptized and confirmed in the Episcopal Church and later became a devout Roman Catholic after Nora Houston's death in 1942. Included is correspondence between both women and various religious organizations, church leaflets, pamphlets and prayerbooks, periodicals and other items of a religious nature. Some of the organizations with which Clark and Houston corresponded include the Catholic Woman's Club, National Council of Catholic Women, National Conference on Christians and Jews, and Catholic Daughters of America. Beth Ahabah Museum and Archives holds other materials of a religious nature relating to the Goodman family.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe final component of the collection, second in size only to that of the suffrage and voting rights material, is that of art, particularly art in Virginia. An artist by training, Adèle Clark worked ceaselessly for increased public awareness of the traditions and richness of art within the Commonwealth. To this end, the collection documents the contributions of Clark and her colleagues in the following endeavors: the Art Club of Richmond, Atelier, Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, Richmond Academy of Arts, Virginia Arts Commission, and Works Project Administration-Federal Arts Project. In addition to containing the correspondence relating to the operations of these organizations, the records also contain memoranda, minutes and reports of committees, and materials on exhibitions sponsored by these organizations. Of particular significance are the records of the Academy Committee of the Art Club that document the committee's role in attempting to resurrect the arts academy. Materials relating to the WPA and the Virginia Arts Commission emphasize Clark's substantial role in making the public a more active player in the promotion of the arts. Clark's monthly and narrative reports on several WPA art galleries, as well as data on the Index of American Design, provide a detailed account of the variety of art projects the WPA underwrote in Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also contains a range of art and art school publications, art supply advertisements, catalogs, exhibition bulletins and notices from local and national art institutions. A small number of drawings, sketches and miscellaneous artwork created by Adèle Clark, Nora Houston and other artists are also represented. Some of the more notable pieces include Clark's original lithograph \"Richmond Market at Christmas\", copies of Nora Houston's house sketches and artwork produced by children of various ages. Lastly there are numerous kinds of illustrations and reproductions that Clark and Houston utilized in their art classes.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSignificant portions of the collection are in fragile condition, particularly newspaper clippings and photographs. Reference copies of the photographs are available for use. A large portion of the clippings have been photocopied and the process will continue as time and staff permit.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections has also purchased suffrage and related materials. Please ask a staffmember for information about these supporting items.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle Clark's cousins.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Mother of Adèle Clark. Nicknames include \"Dree,\" \"Muzzie,\" and \"Pouncey.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Father of Adèle Clarke.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Father of Julius D. Cowles who was married to Adèle Clark's sister Edith.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Older sister to Adèle Clarke, married to Julius \"Jules\" D. Cowles, her nicknames include \"Baby,\" \"Deetie,\" and \"Binn.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle Clarke's neice, daughter of Edith and Julius Cowles, married to James Cox.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Younger sister of Adèle Clarke, married to G. Frank Dew, her nicknames include \"Trudie,\" Trudee,\" and \"Teedee.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Maternal uncle to Adèle Clark.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Maternal aunt of Adèle Clark.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Cousin related to the Clarke family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Maternal aunt of Adèle Clarke and her godmother, married to Robert Ions. Also nicknamed \"Nainaine.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle's cousin, daughter of Cely and Robert Ions. She went by the name Willoughby.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Sister of Robert Ions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle Clarke's uncle, married to Cecile \"Cely\" Goodman Ions. Nicknames include \"Godpa\" and \"Berto.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle Clark's cousin.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle Clark's cousin.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Sister of Alice Dooley and Mary Dooley Jones.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: friend of Adèle, became a priest in the Episcopal Church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Estelle Goodman Clark's brother.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle's cousin, son of Cely and Robert Ions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Sister of Josephine Dooley Houston and Mary Dooley Jones.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Cousin of Alice Dooley.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Daughter of Josephine and Henry Houston.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Sister of Alice Dooley and Josephine Dooley Houston.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[merged with the restored Academy in the spring of 1930]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[grew out of the Atelier and later merged with the Academy]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes children's art work, art club material, instructional material; Japanese print.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo labeled \"Class Room Building--State Teacher's College, Farmville, Virginia--Frank F. Stone Architect, Roanoke, Virginia, July 10, 1944\"; a third blue print labeled \"Improvements to Employees Cottage as suggested by Art Commission, May 5, 1944\"; fourth labeled \"Temporary Employee Cottage, Division of the Budget, March 29, 1944\";drawing for inscription of building \"Julian H. Burruss Hall\" labeled \"Teaching and Admin. Building, Va. Polytechnic Inst., Blacksburg, VA - Carneal, Johnston \u0026amp; Wright Architects \u0026amp; Engineers, Richmond, Virginia.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVarious institutions to Benjamin Franklin Dew Jr., 1930s-1940s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEntitled \"Proposed Store For Mr. S.W. Farran - Designed by W.R. Snapp, 1107 Penn St. N.E.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCapitol Area of Richmond, undated; Map of Richmond and Environs, Department of Public Works, 1923; Drawn map of Richmond's North Side.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDepicts status of women's suffrage (framed and fragile).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSuffrage era map - \"The Woman Voter and the next President of the United States\" - showing which states women can vote and which ones women cannot vote.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAll with heading of the Virginia League of Woman Voters and labeled as follows: Congressional Districts Organized; Counties having some form of organization; Counties and cities holding citizenship schools; Virginia League of Women voters organized November 10, 1920; Number of Leagues organized; and one unlabeled.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLarge flyer on which states have compulsory school attendance, 1921; map of Virginia by Virginia Department of Agriculture and Immigration; a chart compiled by Lucia R. Maxwell on International Socialism 1922-1923, showing various woman's organizations; poster of Anchor Line Twin Screw Geared Turbine Steamer named the \"California\"; Centennial Memorial of United States--Declaration of Independence, published by Baltimore and Ohio Railroad; Victory Liberty Loan poster; anti-war poster; poster of mechanized man and horse; Virginia Society for Human Life poster; League of Women Voters poster \"Vote\" (2 posters); sheet music: \"Votes for Women\" - Suffrage Rallying Song.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(includes items on women's suffrage; voting habits; a \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRichmond News-Leader, \u003c/title\u003eSuffrage Supplement, and an article on paintings at Richmond Woman's Club; an article by Adèle Clark; several pages of the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRichmond Times-Dispatch, \u003c/title\u003e November 2, 1933 about the Community Fund; Atlanta Journal, June 12, 1919 article on U.S. Senate passing suffrage amendment; front page of \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRichmond Times-Dispatch, \u003c/title\u003e January 1, 1929, article on what Virginia leaders would like to see in 1929, includes article by Adèle Clark.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMajority of the photographs are from the Equal Suffrage League or Virginia League of Women Voters' events. All of these photographs have been reproduced and can be found elsewhere in Series XVII.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo different posters on the prevention of war; a Department of the Interior, Bureau of Education poster entitled \"How and Why to Stand Correctly\" 1918; a draft version of a poster by the Equal Suffrage League with typewritten history of suffrage in Virginia and the printed finished copy.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Adèle Goodman Clark papers document the life and activities of Miss Clark (1882-1983) throughout her adult life, as well as those of her closest friends and relatives. Miss Clark was a member of a small group of civically active Richmond women whose names appear throughout the collection. Of particular note are members of Clark's family, Edith Clark Cowles, Willoughby Ions, and friends Roberta Wellford, Lila Meade Valentine, Lucy Randolph Mason, Ida Mae Thompson, Eudora W. Ramsay Richardson, Nora Houston and Josephine Houston. A list and chart describing the family relationships follows the Series Description and Arrangement, which specifically details the arrangement of the collection and highlights areas of particular significance within each series.","The collection is comprised of five major components, each with its own depth of coverage, usually dependent upon the length of Clark's involvement. The first major component of the collection contains materials pertaining to the Clark and Houston families with their multiple activities, responsibilities and affiliations. The documents in this section include the personal correspondence of Adèle Clark, Nora Houston, and members of both the Clark and Houston families. Correspondence from Estelle Goodman Clark, Cely \"Nainaine\" Ions, and Estelle Adèle Goodman","Willoughby Ions provide a richly detailed account of the more significant events within the Clark-Ions family. Also included is personal, business, and legal correspondence between members of the Goodman family, predating the Civil War, and personal correspondence to Clark and Nora Houston from close friends and associates such as Cornelia Adair, T. Bowyer Campbell, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon and Roberta Wellford. Additional family information is provided by legal and real estate correspondence, biographical sketches, family and genealogical histories, composition books, diaries, journals, and poetry by various members of the Clark and Houston families. Some items of significance include handwritten memoranda and notes, poems, short stories and other fictional material written by Adèle Clark during her lifetime. The Virginia Historical Society holds additional Clark family materials (see Appendices).","The collection also includes correspondence from businesses and civic organizations with which Clark, Edith Clark Cowles, and the Dooley/Houston family were affiliated during their lifetimes. A list of the more significant organizations includes the Virginia Society for Crippled Children and Handicapped Adults, Commission of Inter-Racial (or Interracial) Cooperation, Woodrow Wilson Foundation, National Consumers League, and Social Science Research Council-Committee on Public Administration. There is also correspondence from prominent local and state government officials that further document the political activities and biases of these women. Brochures, memoranda and publications from these organizations are scattered throughout the collection.","While the family correspondence provides information about Clark's early years, the greatest significance of the collection lies in its documentation of the activities of the suffrage movement, both locally and nationally. The collection is particularly strong in its representation of correspondence, reports, memoranda and publications reflecting the sentiments and political positions of both the pro- and anti- suffrage movement from 1913 until the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. A large portion of this segment also documents the actions of the post-suffragists in their work through the national, state and local chapters of the League of Women Voters (LWV). Clark's considerable role of participation in the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) in the first two decades of the organization provides an abundant amount of material chronicling the many social and political issues in which local and national LWV members were engaged. Although the documentation of the activities of the LWV continues well into the 1970s, the collection is not as strong for the later years as it is for the earlier period.","The suffrage materials, the second and largest component in the collection, are composed of documentation of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV), Richmond League of Women Voters, the VLWV, and the reorganized League of Women Voters of Virginia (LWVV). The ESLV materials includes correspondence, committee and financial memoranda, convention material, notes, reports and miscellaneous literature. There is a large quantity of outgoing correspondence created by the corresponding secretaries of the ESLV which pertains to the efforts of organizing local suffrage chapters throughout the state and between officers of the ESLV, state and national government officials. Also included is correspondence between ESLV President, Lila Meade Valentine, and women of significance within the suffrage movement including Carrie Chapman Catt, Anna Howard Shaw, Maud Wood Park and Kate Gordon. While there is a substantial amount of correspondence generated by the central office of the ESLV, between 1909-1912 there are some major gaps. A portion of this documentation for the early history of the ESLV can be found at the Library of Virginia (see Appendices). Throughout its eleven year existence, the ESLV compiled an enormous amount of literature on the suffrage movement published by the National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA), and other organizations. Materials generated by the movement and represented in this portion of the collection include petitions, photographs, enrollment cards, posters, suffrage maps, sashes and other ephemeral items. Additional publications have not been indexed but are available for research.","The bulk of the materials of the remaining suffrage organizations represented in the collection fall within a fourteen year time frame, 1920-1934, and includes President/Executive Secretary correspondence, bulletins, circulars, committee memoranda, and financial statements as well as records relating to the Virginia Cookery Book, the Governor's Ball and the citizenship courses sponsored by the VLWV. Clark also corresponded with the President of the NLWV and other officers in the national organization. The significant correspondents include Maud Wood Park, Belle Sherwin, Katherine Ludington, and Gertrude Ely. Incoming correspondence from prominent Virginia women such as Faith Morgan, Roberta Wellford, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon, Kate Waller Barrett, Mrs. John L. Lewis of Lynchburg, Mrs. John H. Lewis of Ashland, and Mrs C.E. [Jessie] Townsend of Norfolk can be found in both the President/Executive Correspondence files and the Board of Directors/Executive Committee/Standing Committees file of the VLWV.","The records of the VLWV document in great detail the legislative agenda over a fourteen year period. The VLWV materials contain correspondence, circulars, memoranda questionnaires and reports pertaining to the Children's Code Commission, Virginia Women's Council Legislative Chairman of State Organizations and other major committees of the VLWV; revealing which major pieces of legislation were of utmost concern to Clark and the VLWV. Like its predecessor, the VLWV collected a wide variety of literature from state, national and international organizations which championed a spectrum of causes of interest to Clark and her associates. These organizations include the League of Nations Association, National Council for the Prevention of War, National Women's Trade Union League of America, and Southern Council of Women and Children in Industry.","Documentation of the NLWV (1920-1945) and the later reorganized League of Woman Voters of Virginia (1946-presents) includes correspondence and memoranda produced by Clark as Second Vice President in charge of Legislation and Law Enforcement and Third Regional Director for the NLWV. In addition to correspondence, memoranda, minutes, notes and reports there are materials detailing her involvement in nationally sponsored speaking tours throughout several regions of the United States. Items from the national office consist of mimeographed Adèle Goodman Clark correspondence and memoranda, reports, press releases and various publications created by the major standing committees and departments of the NLWV. Clark's activity in both the state and national leagues diminished to a great extent after 1934. Records of the latter local, state and national organizations primarily consists of bulletins, newsletters, and other literature published and distributed by the organizations.","Clark was very involved in the commemoration of the contributions of Lila Meade Valentine to the suffrage movement. The collection contains the organizational records of the Lila Meade Valentine Memorial Association (1921-1937), which was established to raise money for a memorial tablet dedicated to Mrs. Valentine to be placed in the Capitol Building in Richmond. Much of the material consists of correspondence and memoranda between the association's chairperson, Adèle Clark and the individuals who contributed to the memorial fund. There is also correspondence between Clark and the sculptor chosen to produce the memorial tablet. Other material includes financial data, contributors lists, minutes, notes and reports documenting the association's fundraising activities.","The collection of materials related to state and national politics comprises the third major section of the Clark Papers. These materials include correspondence, memoranda, minutes, reports, statistical data, and literature generated by or related to the work of the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government (1921-1927) and the Liberal Arts College Commission (1918, 1929-1933). Material pertaining to both of these government commissions highlight the research and information gathering work undertaken by Clark and the members of these commissions before presentation of the final reports to the Virginia General Assembly. The collection also contains the annotated drafts and proofs of the reports in various stages of development. Correspondence, notes, reports and travel vouchers highlight Clark's duties as a NRS Field Supervisor and her involvement with the National Reemployment Service (1925-1937). Correspondence between Clark and the State Reemployment Director reveal the types of reemployment projects in which the NRS was actively engaged throughout the state. In addition, correspondence between Clark and other field staff demonstrate the extent to which Clark participated in managing local reemployment offices during her tenure with the NRS. Published reports, speeches, manuals, newspaper clippings and other ephemeral materials are also included.","The fourth area of interest of Adèle's, as reflected in the collection, was religion. Included here are the organizational records and personal items documenting the religious activities of Clark, Nora Houston, and several members of the Houston family. It should be noted that Clark was baptized and confirmed in the Episcopal Church and later became a devout Roman Catholic after Nora Houston's death in 1942. Included is correspondence between both women and various religious organizations, church leaflets, pamphlets and prayerbooks, periodicals and other items of a religious nature. Some of the organizations with which Clark and Houston corresponded include the Catholic Woman's Club, National Council of Catholic Women, National Conference on Christians and Jews, and Catholic Daughters of America. Beth Ahabah Museum and Archives holds other materials of a religious nature relating to the Goodman family.","The final component of the collection, second in size only to that of the suffrage and voting rights material, is that of art, particularly art in Virginia. An artist by training, Adèle Clark worked ceaselessly for increased public awareness of the traditions and richness of art within the Commonwealth. To this end, the collection documents the contributions of Clark and her colleagues in the following endeavors: the Art Club of Richmond, Atelier, Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, Richmond Academy of Arts, Virginia Arts Commission, and Works Project Administration-Federal Arts Project. In addition to containing the correspondence relating to the operations of these organizations, the records also contain memoranda, minutes and reports of committees, and materials on exhibitions sponsored by these organizations. Of particular significance are the records of the Academy Committee of the Art Club that document the committee's role in attempting to resurrect the arts academy. Materials relating to the WPA and the Virginia Arts Commission emphasize Clark's substantial role in making the public a more active player in the promotion of the arts. Clark's monthly and narrative reports on several WPA art galleries, as well as data on the Index of American Design, provide a detailed account of the variety of art projects the WPA underwrote in Virginia.","The collection also contains a range of art and art school publications, art supply advertisements, catalogs, exhibition bulletins and notices from local and national art institutions. A small number of drawings, sketches and miscellaneous artwork created by Adèle Clark, Nora Houston and other artists are also represented. Some of the more notable pieces include Clark's original lithograph \"Richmond Market at Christmas\", copies of Nora Houston's house sketches and artwork produced by children of various ages. Lastly there are numerous kinds of illustrations and reproductions that Clark and Houston utilized in their art classes.","Significant portions of the collection are in fragile condition, particularly newspaper clippings and photographs. Reference copies of the photographs are available for use. A large portion of the clippings have been photocopied and the process will continue as time and staff permit.","Special Collections has also purchased suffrage and related materials. Please ask a staffmember for information about these supporting items.","Relationship: Adèle Clark's cousins.","Relationship: Mother of Adèle Clark. Nicknames include \"Dree,\" \"Muzzie,\" and \"Pouncey.\"","Relationship: Father of Adèle Clarke.","Relationship: Father of Julius D. Cowles who was married to Adèle Clark's sister Edith.","Relationship: Older sister to Adèle Clarke, married to Julius \"Jules\" D. Cowles, her nicknames include \"Baby,\" \"Deetie,\" and \"Binn.\"","Relationship: Adèle Clarke's neice, daughter of Edith and Julius Cowles, married to James Cox.","Relationship: Younger sister of Adèle Clarke, married to G. Frank Dew, her nicknames include \"Trudie,\" Trudee,\" and \"Teedee.\"","Relationship: Maternal uncle to Adèle Clark.","Relationship: Maternal aunt of Adèle Clark.","Relationship: Cousin related to the Clarke family.","Relationship: Maternal aunt of Adèle Clarke and her godmother, married to Robert Ions. Also nicknamed \"Nainaine.\"","Relationship: Adèle's cousin, daughter of Cely and Robert Ions. She went by the name Willoughby.","Relationship: Sister of Robert Ions.","Relationship: Adèle Clarke's uncle, married to Cecile \"Cely\" Goodman Ions. Nicknames include \"Godpa\" and \"Berto.\"","Relationship: Adèle Clark's cousin.","Relationship: Adèle Clark's cousin.","Relationship: Sister of Alice Dooley and Mary Dooley Jones.","Relationship: friend of Adèle, became a priest in the Episcopal Church.","Relationship: Estelle Goodman Clark's brother.","Relationship: Adèle's cousin, son of Cely and Robert Ions.","Relationship: Sister of Josephine Dooley Houston and Mary Dooley Jones.","Relationship: Cousin of Alice Dooley.","Relationship: Daughter of Josephine and Henry Houston.","Relationship: Sister of Alice Dooley and Josephine Dooley Houston.","[merged with the restored Academy in the spring of 1930]","[grew out of the Atelier and later merged with the Academy]","Includes children's art work, art club material, instructional material; Japanese print.","Two labeled \"Class Room Building--State Teacher's College, Farmville, Virginia--Frank F. Stone Architect, Roanoke, Virginia, July 10, 1944\"; a third blue print labeled \"Improvements to Employees Cottage as suggested by Art Commission, May 5, 1944\"; fourth labeled \"Temporary Employee Cottage, Division of the Budget, March 29, 1944\";drawing for inscription of building \"Julian H. Burruss Hall\" labeled \"Teaching and Admin. Building, Va. Polytechnic Inst., Blacksburg, VA - Carneal, Johnston \u0026 Wright Architects \u0026 Engineers, Richmond, Virginia.\"","Various institutions to Benjamin Franklin Dew Jr., 1930s-1940s.","Entitled \"Proposed Store For Mr. S.W. Farran - Designed by W.R. Snapp, 1107 Penn St. N.E.\"","Capitol Area of Richmond, undated; Map of Richmond and Environs, Department of Public Works, 1923; Drawn map of Richmond's North Side.","Depicts status of women's suffrage (framed and fragile).","Suffrage era map - \"The Woman Voter and the next President of the United States\" - showing which states women can vote and which ones women cannot vote.","All with heading of the Virginia League of Woman Voters and labeled as follows: Congressional Districts Organized; Counties having some form of organization; Counties and cities holding citizenship schools; Virginia League of Women voters organized November 10, 1920; Number of Leagues organized; and one unlabeled.","Large flyer on which states have compulsory school attendance, 1921; map of Virginia by Virginia Department of Agriculture and Immigration; a chart compiled by Lucia R. Maxwell on International Socialism 1922-1923, showing various woman's organizations; poster of Anchor Line Twin Screw Geared Turbine Steamer named the \"California\"; Centennial Memorial of United States--Declaration of Independence, published by Baltimore and Ohio Railroad; Victory Liberty Loan poster; anti-war poster; poster of mechanized man and horse; Virginia Society for Human Life poster; League of Women Voters poster \"Vote\" (2 posters); sheet music: \"Votes for Women\" - Suffrage Rallying Song.","(includes items on women's suffrage; voting habits; a  Richmond News-Leader,  Suffrage Supplement, and an article on paintings at Richmond Woman's Club; an article by Adèle Clark; several pages of the  Richmond Times-Dispatch,   November 2, 1933 about the Community Fund; Atlanta Journal, June 12, 1919 article on U.S. Senate passing suffrage amendment; front page of  Richmond Times-Dispatch,   January 1, 1929, article on what Virginia leaders would like to see in 1929, includes article by Adèle Clark.","Majority of the photographs are from the Equal Suffrage League or Virginia League of Women Voters' events. All of these photographs have been reproduced and can be found elsewhere in Series XVII.","Two different posters on the prevention of war; a Department of the Interior, Bureau of Education poster entitled \"How and Why to Stand Correctly\" 1918; a draft version of a poster by the Equal Suffrage League with typewritten history of suffrage in Virginia and the printed finished copy."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_coll_ssim":["League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":3079,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T04:37:44.566Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_279"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c14_c10_c07","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Art Reproductions and Illustrations, [5 folders],","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c14_c10_c07#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c14_c10_c07","ref_ssm":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c14_c10_c07"],"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c14_c10_c07","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c14_c10","parent_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c14_c10","parent_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c14","vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c14_c10"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c14","vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c14_c10"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Adele Goodman Clark papers","Series XIV: Art","Subseries J: Artwork"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers","Series XIV: Art","Subseries J: Artwork"],"text":["Adele Goodman Clark papers","Series XIV: Art","Subseries J: Artwork","Art Reproductions and Illustrations, [5 folders],","box 191"],"title_filing_ssi":"Art Reproductions and Illustrations, [5 folders],","title_ssm":["Art Reproductions and Illustrations, [5 folders],"],"title_tesim":["Art Reproductions and Illustrations, [5 folders],"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["undated, 1850(?), 1935"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1850/1935"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Art Reproductions and Illustrations, [5 folders],"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":2863,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"date_range_isim":[1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935],"containers_ssim":["box 191"],"_nest_path_":"/components#13/components#9/components#6","timestamp":"2026-05-21T04:37:44.566Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_279.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Clark, Adele Goodman, papers","title_ssm":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"title_tesim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1849-1978"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1849-1978"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 9","/repositories/5/resources/279"],"text":["M 9","/repositories/5/resources/279","Adele Goodman Clark papers","Women -- Suffrage -- Virginia -- Richmond","Art -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond","Collection is open to research.","Series I--Correspondence and Family Materials (n.d., 1849-1971) ; Series II--Business/Civic Organization Correspondence (n.d., 1903-1971) ; Series III--Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV) (n.d., 1892-1926) ; Series IV: Richmond League of Women Voters (n.d., 1920- 1978) ; Series V--Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) (n.d., 1915-1967) ; Series VI--The League of Women Voters of Virginia (n.d., 1945-1970) ; Series VII--The National League of Women Voters (n.d., 1919-1947) ; Series VIII--League of Women Voters (n.d., 1946-1976) ; Series IX--Commission on Simplification of State and Local Government (n.d., 1921- 1927) ; Series X--Liberal Arts College for Women Commission (n.d., 1918-1938) ; Series XI--National Reemployment Service (n.d., 1925-1938) ; Series XII--Lila Meade Valentine memorial Association (n.d., 1921-1936) ; Series XIII--Religious Materials ; Series XIV--Art (n.d., 1850-1971) ; Series XV--Ephemera and Photographs (n.d., ca. 1850 - ca. 1970)","A founding member of the Virginia suffrage movement and a prominent supporter of the arts in Virginia, Adèle Goodman Clark (1882-1983) exemplified the influential role civically active women played in the major social reform movements of the twentieth century. Calling politics and art her \"creative spirits\", Clark was involved in a number of reform initiatives throughout her century of life that championed the rights of women and promoted the arts.","The second oldest daughter of Robert Clark (1832?-1906) and Estelle Goodman Clark (1847-1937), Adèle was born in Montgomery, Alabama on September 27, 1882. Before moving permanently to Richmond, the Clark family lived in New Orleans, LA, as well as the small town of Pass Christian, MS. It was in a one room school house in the latter town that Adèle developed a fondness for the arts. After her family moved to Richmond in 1894, Adèle enrolled in the Virginia Randolph Ellett School (now St. Catherine's). Adèle also studied art with Lilly M. Logan, who ran the art school at the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906 she was awarded a scholarship to the New York School of Fine and Applied Arts (the Chase School of Art), where she studied under Kenneth Hays Miller, Douglas Cannal, William M. Chase, and Robert Henri, leader of the \"Ash Can\" school of painting. Upon her return to Richmond, Clark began a teaching career at the Art Club of Richmond. It was here that Adèle began her long association and friendship with acclaimed Virginia artist, Nora Houston. When the Art Club of Richmond was dissolved in 1917, the women went on to establish The Atelier. Under their direction this private art studio, located adjacent to Clark's Chamberlayne Avenue residence, became a training ground for such noted Virginia artists as Edmund Archer, Eleanor Fry and Theresa Pollack (founder of the VCU School of the Arts). Two years later they founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, where they both held the title of artistic director. During this period, they participated in a fundraising campaign for the resurrection of the old Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. Their goal became a reality in 1930 when the new Richmond Academy of Arts, forerunner to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, was established on Capitol Street.*","Clark's interest in the suffrage movement began in 1909 when she was asked by novelist Ellen Glasgow to sign a petition calling for Virginia women to gain voting privileges. On November 27th of that year Clark, along with eighteen other civic-minded women, held a preliminary meeting to discuss the establishment of a state-wide suffrage organization. At this first meeting of what would become the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, Clark was elected secretary, a position she held for one year. She later helped direct legislative initiatives, organized suffrage rallies and went on speaking tours that helped establish new League chapters throughout the state. Clark also served for several years as chair of the ratification committee and head of the Equal Suffrage League lobby to the Virginia General Assembly.","After passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 (which was ratified by Virginia in 1952), the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia was transformed into the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV). For nearly two decades Clark played a major role in the VLWV.","Selected as the VLWV's first chair in 1920, Clark became president one year later. She held this position for eighteen years (nonconsecutively). Her work in the VLWV involved constant study of legislation involving social issues and governmental efficiency and administration. In 1924, Clark was elected to the board of the National League of Women Voters (NLWV) as Director of the Third Region. The region included Washington, D.C., Virginia, and six other southern states. The following year she was elected Second Vice President of the NLWV, in which capacity she served until the Spring of 1928. During that period Clark traveled to conventions in twenty-four states on speaking tours. Along with other officers of the NLWV she helped resolve league organizational problems.","In addition to her work for the VLWV and NLWV, Clark also served on two important state government commissions. In 1922, Governor E. Lee Trinkle appointed her to the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government, on which she served for two years as secretary of the Commission. In addition to performing the editorial and clerical work of the Commission, Clark also authored several of the chapters of the Commission's final report (January 1924) to the Virginia General Assembly. Four years later, Governor Harry F. Byrd, Jr. appointed Clark to the Liberal Arts College for Women Commission, on which she also served as secretary. The nine member Commission studied the feasibility of establishing a new liberal arts college for women in Virginia. The second report of the Commission (January 1930), which contained the \"set-up\" of the proposed college [now Mary Washington College?], was the product of research conducted by Clark with the assistance of Commission advisors.","Clark's strong commitment to higher education was exemplified in several other ways. From March - September, 1926, she served as the Social Director of women students at the College of William and Mary. She was also instrumental in the establishment of citizenship courses for women through the University of Virginia's Extension Division. The courses were designed to educate women about the intricacies of governmental institutions.","During the New Deal era, Clark distinguished herself in two important agencies. In 1933, she was selected as a field supervisor for the National Reemployment Service (NRS). Along with the state reemployment director and other field staff, she assisted in the organization of local reemployment offices throughout Virginia. After stepping down as field supervisor for the NRS, Clark became the Virginia Arts Project Director of the Work Projects Administration (WPA). This particular branch of the WPA was created to provide employment opportunities for artists in Virginia. In addition to producing murals for public buildings, artists employed by the WPA executed hundreds of paintings that were then distributed to local and state tax-supported institutions for display. One major accomplishment during Clark's tenure at the WPA was the establishment of new art galleries, such as the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap.","In the later years of her life, Adèle Clark remained active in the Richmond community. After converting to Roman Catholicism in 1942, Clark utilized her political experience as a member of the Richmond Diocesan Council of Catholic Women (RDCCW). From 1949 to 1959 she served as the chair of the RDCCW's Legislative Committee. Clark also continued to speak out against a number of issues affecting women, such as the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment and abortion.","Clark remained an active supporter of the Richmond art community. From 1941 to 1964 she was a member of the Virginia Arts Commission. The Commission helped to produce many of the murals and portraits displayed in state government buildings that depict the history of Virginia. Moreover, Clark's dedication to the teaching of art did not wane in these later years. She taught art to both the young and old in hospitals, schools and church classrooms. She also continued to enjoy creating her own artworks. Clark's paintings, mostly portraits and landscapes, have been exhibited in several states. One of her paintings, \"The Cherry Tree\", is in the permanent collection of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.","Clark had a unique perspective on the influence of art on her political ideology. She once stated, \"I've always tried to combine my interest in art with my interest in government. I think we ought to have more of the creative and imaginative in politics.\"","Adèle Clark died at the age of 100 on June 5, 1983.","[Information from newspaper accounts and the Adèle Goodman Clark Papers.]","Teacher of Organization and Parliamentary Law at Suffrage School","Chairman, Committee on Uniform Laws Concerning Women, Chicago, ILL","Chairman of the Committee on International Cooperation to Prevent War, of the NLWV, Miss Morgan was also President of the Colony Club of New York","The Adèle Goodman Clark papers document the life and activities of Miss Clark (1882-1983) throughout her adult life, as well as those of her closest friends and relatives. Miss Clark was a member of a small group of civically active Richmond women whose names appear throughout the collection. Of particular note are members of Clark's family, Edith Clark Cowles, Willoughby Ions, and friends Roberta Wellford, Lila Meade Valentine, Lucy Randolph Mason, Ida Mae Thompson, Eudora W. Ramsay Richardson, Nora Houston and Josephine Houston. A list and chart describing the family relationships follows the Series Description and Arrangement, which specifically details the arrangement of the collection and highlights areas of particular significance within each series.","The collection is comprised of five major components, each with its own depth of coverage, usually dependent upon the length of Clark's involvement. The first major component of the collection contains materials pertaining to the Clark and Houston families with their multiple activities, responsibilities and affiliations. The documents in this section include the personal correspondence of Adèle Clark, Nora Houston, and members of both the Clark and Houston families. Correspondence from Estelle Goodman Clark, Cely \"Nainaine\" Ions, and Estelle Adèle Goodman","Willoughby Ions provide a richly detailed account of the more significant events within the Clark-Ions family. Also included is personal, business, and legal correspondence between members of the Goodman family, predating the Civil War, and personal correspondence to Clark and Nora Houston from close friends and associates such as Cornelia Adair, T. Bowyer Campbell, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon and Roberta Wellford. Additional family information is provided by legal and real estate correspondence, biographical sketches, family and genealogical histories, composition books, diaries, journals, and poetry by various members of the Clark and Houston families. Some items of significance include handwritten memoranda and notes, poems, short stories and other fictional material written by Adèle Clark during her lifetime. The Virginia Historical Society holds additional Clark family materials (see Appendices).","The collection also includes correspondence from businesses and civic organizations with which Clark, Edith Clark Cowles, and the Dooley/Houston family were affiliated during their lifetimes. A list of the more significant organizations includes the Virginia Society for Crippled Children and Handicapped Adults, Commission of Inter-Racial (or Interracial) Cooperation, Woodrow Wilson Foundation, National Consumers League, and Social Science Research Council-Committee on Public Administration. There is also correspondence from prominent local and state government officials that further document the political activities and biases of these women. Brochures, memoranda and publications from these organizations are scattered throughout the collection.","While the family correspondence provides information about Clark's early years, the greatest significance of the collection lies in its documentation of the activities of the suffrage movement, both locally and nationally. The collection is particularly strong in its representation of correspondence, reports, memoranda and publications reflecting the sentiments and political positions of both the pro- and anti- suffrage movement from 1913 until the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. A large portion of this segment also documents the actions of the post-suffragists in their work through the national, state and local chapters of the League of Women Voters (LWV). Clark's considerable role of participation in the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) in the first two decades of the organization provides an abundant amount of material chronicling the many social and political issues in which local and national LWV members were engaged. Although the documentation of the activities of the LWV continues well into the 1970s, the collection is not as strong for the later years as it is for the earlier period.","The suffrage materials, the second and largest component in the collection, are composed of documentation of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV), Richmond League of Women Voters, the VLWV, and the reorganized League of Women Voters of Virginia (LWVV). The ESLV materials includes correspondence, committee and financial memoranda, convention material, notes, reports and miscellaneous literature. There is a large quantity of outgoing correspondence created by the corresponding secretaries of the ESLV which pertains to the efforts of organizing local suffrage chapters throughout the state and between officers of the ESLV, state and national government officials. Also included is correspondence between ESLV President, Lila Meade Valentine, and women of significance within the suffrage movement including Carrie Chapman Catt, Anna Howard Shaw, Maud Wood Park and Kate Gordon. While there is a substantial amount of correspondence generated by the central office of the ESLV, between 1909-1912 there are some major gaps. A portion of this documentation for the early history of the ESLV can be found at the Library of Virginia (see Appendices). Throughout its eleven year existence, the ESLV compiled an enormous amount of literature on the suffrage movement published by the National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA), and other organizations. Materials generated by the movement and represented in this portion of the collection include petitions, photographs, enrollment cards, posters, suffrage maps, sashes and other ephemeral items. Additional publications have not been indexed but are available for research.","The bulk of the materials of the remaining suffrage organizations represented in the collection fall within a fourteen year time frame, 1920-1934, and includes President/Executive Secretary correspondence, bulletins, circulars, committee memoranda, and financial statements as well as records relating to the Virginia Cookery Book, the Governor's Ball and the citizenship courses sponsored by the VLWV. Clark also corresponded with the President of the NLWV and other officers in the national organization. The significant correspondents include Maud Wood Park, Belle Sherwin, Katherine Ludington, and Gertrude Ely. Incoming correspondence from prominent Virginia women such as Faith Morgan, Roberta Wellford, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon, Kate Waller Barrett, Mrs. John L. Lewis of Lynchburg, Mrs. John H. Lewis of Ashland, and Mrs C.E. [Jessie] Townsend of Norfolk can be found in both the President/Executive Correspondence files and the Board of Directors/Executive Committee/Standing Committees file of the VLWV.","The records of the VLWV document in great detail the legislative agenda over a fourteen year period. The VLWV materials contain correspondence, circulars, memoranda questionnaires and reports pertaining to the Children's Code Commission, Virginia Women's Council Legislative Chairman of State Organizations and other major committees of the VLWV; revealing which major pieces of legislation were of utmost concern to Clark and the VLWV. Like its predecessor, the VLWV collected a wide variety of literature from state, national and international organizations which championed a spectrum of causes of interest to Clark and her associates. These organizations include the League of Nations Association, National Council for the Prevention of War, National Women's Trade Union League of America, and Southern Council of Women and Children in Industry.","Documentation of the NLWV (1920-1945) and the later reorganized League of Woman Voters of Virginia (1946-presents) includes correspondence and memoranda produced by Clark as Second Vice President in charge of Legislation and Law Enforcement and Third Regional Director for the NLWV. In addition to correspondence, memoranda, minutes, notes and reports there are materials detailing her involvement in nationally sponsored speaking tours throughout several regions of the United States. Items from the national office consist of mimeographed Adèle Goodman Clark correspondence and memoranda, reports, press releases and various publications created by the major standing committees and departments of the NLWV. Clark's activity in both the state and national leagues diminished to a great extent after 1934. Records of the latter local, state and national organizations primarily consists of bulletins, newsletters, and other literature published and distributed by the organizations.","Clark was very involved in the commemoration of the contributions of Lila Meade Valentine to the suffrage movement. The collection contains the organizational records of the Lila Meade Valentine Memorial Association (1921-1937), which was established to raise money for a memorial tablet dedicated to Mrs. Valentine to be placed in the Capitol Building in Richmond. Much of the material consists of correspondence and memoranda between the association's chairperson, Adèle Clark and the individuals who contributed to the memorial fund. There is also correspondence between Clark and the sculptor chosen to produce the memorial tablet. Other material includes financial data, contributors lists, minutes, notes and reports documenting the association's fundraising activities.","The collection of materials related to state and national politics comprises the third major section of the Clark Papers. These materials include correspondence, memoranda, minutes, reports, statistical data, and literature generated by or related to the work of the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government (1921-1927) and the Liberal Arts College Commission (1918, 1929-1933). Material pertaining to both of these government commissions highlight the research and information gathering work undertaken by Clark and the members of these commissions before presentation of the final reports to the Virginia General Assembly. The collection also contains the annotated drafts and proofs of the reports in various stages of development. Correspondence, notes, reports and travel vouchers highlight Clark's duties as a NRS Field Supervisor and her involvement with the National Reemployment Service (1925-1937). Correspondence between Clark and the State Reemployment Director reveal the types of reemployment projects in which the NRS was actively engaged throughout the state. In addition, correspondence between Clark and other field staff demonstrate the extent to which Clark participated in managing local reemployment offices during her tenure with the NRS. Published reports, speeches, manuals, newspaper clippings and other ephemeral materials are also included.","The fourth area of interest of Adèle's, as reflected in the collection, was religion. Included here are the organizational records and personal items documenting the religious activities of Clark, Nora Houston, and several members of the Houston family. It should be noted that Clark was baptized and confirmed in the Episcopal Church and later became a devout Roman Catholic after Nora Houston's death in 1942. Included is correspondence between both women and various religious organizations, church leaflets, pamphlets and prayerbooks, periodicals and other items of a religious nature. Some of the organizations with which Clark and Houston corresponded include the Catholic Woman's Club, National Council of Catholic Women, National Conference on Christians and Jews, and Catholic Daughters of America. Beth Ahabah Museum and Archives holds other materials of a religious nature relating to the Goodman family.","The final component of the collection, second in size only to that of the suffrage and voting rights material, is that of art, particularly art in Virginia. An artist by training, Adèle Clark worked ceaselessly for increased public awareness of the traditions and richness of art within the Commonwealth. To this end, the collection documents the contributions of Clark and her colleagues in the following endeavors: the Art Club of Richmond, Atelier, Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, Richmond Academy of Arts, Virginia Arts Commission, and Works Project Administration-Federal Arts Project. In addition to containing the correspondence relating to the operations of these organizations, the records also contain memoranda, minutes and reports of committees, and materials on exhibitions sponsored by these organizations. Of particular significance are the records of the Academy Committee of the Art Club that document the committee's role in attempting to resurrect the arts academy. Materials relating to the WPA and the Virginia Arts Commission emphasize Clark's substantial role in making the public a more active player in the promotion of the arts. Clark's monthly and narrative reports on several WPA art galleries, as well as data on the Index of American Design, provide a detailed account of the variety of art projects the WPA underwrote in Virginia.","The collection also contains a range of art and art school publications, art supply advertisements, catalogs, exhibition bulletins and notices from local and national art institutions. A small number of drawings, sketches and miscellaneous artwork created by Adèle Clark, Nora Houston and other artists are also represented. Some of the more notable pieces include Clark's original lithograph \"Richmond Market at Christmas\", copies of Nora Houston's house sketches and artwork produced by children of various ages. Lastly there are numerous kinds of illustrations and reproductions that Clark and Houston utilized in their art classes.","Significant portions of the collection are in fragile condition, particularly newspaper clippings and photographs. Reference copies of the photographs are available for use. A large portion of the clippings have been photocopied and the process will continue as time and staff permit.","Special Collections has also purchased suffrage and related materials. Please ask a staffmember for information about these supporting items.","Relationship: Adèle Clark's cousins.","Relationship: Mother of Adèle Clark. Nicknames include \"Dree,\" \"Muzzie,\" and \"Pouncey.\"","Relationship: Father of Adèle Clarke.","Relationship: Father of Julius D. Cowles who was married to Adèle Clark's sister Edith.","Relationship: Older sister to Adèle Clarke, married to Julius \"Jules\" D. Cowles, her nicknames include \"Baby,\" \"Deetie,\" and \"Binn.\"","Relationship: Adèle Clarke's neice, daughter of Edith and Julius Cowles, married to James Cox.","Relationship: Younger sister of Adèle Clarke, married to G. Frank Dew, her nicknames include \"Trudie,\" Trudee,\" and \"Teedee.\"","Relationship: Maternal uncle to Adèle Clark.","Relationship: Maternal aunt of Adèle Clark.","Relationship: Cousin related to the Clarke family.","Relationship: Maternal aunt of Adèle Clarke and her godmother, married to Robert Ions. Also nicknamed \"Nainaine.\"","Relationship: Adèle's cousin, daughter of Cely and Robert Ions. She went by the name Willoughby.","Relationship: Sister of Robert Ions.","Relationship: Adèle Clarke's uncle, married to Cecile \"Cely\" Goodman Ions. Nicknames include \"Godpa\" and \"Berto.\"","Relationship: Adèle Clark's cousin.","Relationship: Adèle Clark's cousin.","Relationship: Sister of Alice Dooley and Mary Dooley Jones.","Relationship: friend of Adèle, became a priest in the Episcopal Church.","Relationship: Estelle Goodman Clark's brother.","Relationship: Adèle's cousin, son of Cely and Robert Ions.","Relationship: Sister of Josephine Dooley Houston and Mary Dooley Jones.","Relationship: Cousin of Alice Dooley.","Relationship: Daughter of Josephine and Henry Houston.","Relationship: Sister of Alice Dooley and Josephine Dooley Houston.","[merged with the restored Academy in the spring of 1930]","[grew out of the Atelier and later merged with the Academy]","Includes children's art work, art club material, instructional material; Japanese print.","Two labeled \"Class Room Building--State Teacher's College, Farmville, Virginia--Frank F. Stone Architect, Roanoke, Virginia, July 10, 1944\"; a third blue print labeled \"Improvements to Employees Cottage as suggested by Art Commission, May 5, 1944\"; fourth labeled \"Temporary Employee Cottage, Division of the Budget, March 29, 1944\";drawing for inscription of building \"Julian H. Burruss Hall\" labeled \"Teaching and Admin. Building, Va. Polytechnic Inst., Blacksburg, VA - Carneal, Johnston \u0026 Wright Architects \u0026 Engineers, Richmond, Virginia.\"","Various institutions to Benjamin Franklin Dew Jr., 1930s-1940s.","Entitled \"Proposed Store For Mr. S.W. Farran - Designed by W.R. Snapp, 1107 Penn St. N.E.\"","Capitol Area of Richmond, undated; Map of Richmond and Environs, Department of Public Works, 1923; Drawn map of Richmond's North Side.","Depicts status of women's suffrage (framed and fragile).","Suffrage era map - \"The Woman Voter and the next President of the United States\" - showing which states women can vote and which ones women cannot vote.","All with heading of the Virginia League of Woman Voters and labeled as follows: Congressional Districts Organized; Counties having some form of organization; Counties and cities holding citizenship schools; Virginia League of Women voters organized November 10, 1920; Number of Leagues organized; and one unlabeled.","Large flyer on which states have compulsory school attendance, 1921; map of Virginia by Virginia Department of Agriculture and Immigration; a chart compiled by Lucia R. Maxwell on International Socialism 1922-1923, showing various woman's organizations; poster of Anchor Line Twin Screw Geared Turbine Steamer named the \"California\"; Centennial Memorial of United States--Declaration of Independence, published by Baltimore and Ohio Railroad; Victory Liberty Loan poster; anti-war poster; poster of mechanized man and horse; Virginia Society for Human Life poster; League of Women Voters poster \"Vote\" (2 posters); sheet music: \"Votes for Women\" - Suffrage Rallying Song.","(includes items on women's suffrage; voting habits; a  Richmond News-Leader,  Suffrage Supplement, and an article on paintings at Richmond Woman's Club; an article by Adèle Clark; several pages of the  Richmond Times-Dispatch,   November 2, 1933 about the Community Fund; Atlanta Journal, June 12, 1919 article on U.S. Senate passing suffrage amendment; front page of  Richmond Times-Dispatch,   January 1, 1929, article on what Virginia leaders would like to see in 1929, includes article by Adèle Clark.","Majority of the photographs are from the Equal Suffrage League or Virginia League of Women Voters' events. All of these photographs have been reproduced and can be found elsewhere in Series XVII.","Two different posters on the prevention of war; a Department of the Interior, Bureau of Education poster entitled \"How and Why to Stand Correctly\" 1918; a draft version of a poster by the Equal Suffrage League with typewritten history of suffrage in Virginia and the printed finished copy.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives","English"],"unitid_tesim":["M 9","/repositories/5/resources/279"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"collection_ssim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"creator_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"creators_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women -- Suffrage -- Virginia -- Richmond","Art -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women -- Suffrage -- Virginia -- Richmond","Art -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["128 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["128 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Restrictions on Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I--Correspondence and Family Materials (n.d., 1849-1971) ; Series II--Business/Civic Organization Correspondence (n.d., 1903-1971) ; Series III--Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV) (n.d., 1892-1926) ; Series IV: Richmond League of Women Voters (n.d., 1920- 1978) ; Series V--Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) (n.d., 1915-1967) ; Series VI--The League of Women Voters of Virginia (n.d., 1945-1970) ; Series VII--The National League of Women Voters (n.d., 1919-1947) ; Series VIII--League of Women Voters (n.d., 1946-1976) ; Series IX--Commission on Simplification of State and Local Government (n.d., 1921- 1927) ; Series X--Liberal Arts College for Women Commission (n.d., 1918-1938) ; Series XI--National Reemployment Service (n.d., 1925-1938) ; Series XII--Lila Meade Valentine memorial Association (n.d., 1921-1936) ; Series XIII--Religious Materials ; Series XIV--Art (n.d., 1850-1971) ; Series XV--Ephemera and Photographs (n.d., ca. 1850 - ca. 1970)\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series I--Correspondence and Family Materials (n.d., 1849-1971) ; Series II--Business/Civic Organization Correspondence (n.d., 1903-1971) ; Series III--Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV) (n.d., 1892-1926) ; Series IV: Richmond League of Women Voters (n.d., 1920- 1978) ; Series V--Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) (n.d., 1915-1967) ; Series VI--The League of Women Voters of Virginia (n.d., 1945-1970) ; Series VII--The National League of Women Voters (n.d., 1919-1947) ; Series VIII--League of Women Voters (n.d., 1946-1976) ; Series IX--Commission on Simplification of State and Local Government (n.d., 1921- 1927) ; Series X--Liberal Arts College for Women Commission (n.d., 1918-1938) ; Series XI--National Reemployment Service (n.d., 1925-1938) ; Series XII--Lila Meade Valentine memorial Association (n.d., 1921-1936) ; Series XIII--Religious Materials ; Series XIV--Art (n.d., 1850-1971) ; Series XV--Ephemera and Photographs (n.d., ca. 1850 - ca. 1970)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA founding member of the Virginia suffrage movement and a prominent supporter of the arts in Virginia, Adèle Goodman Clark (1882-1983) exemplified the influential role civically active women played in the major social reform movements of the twentieth century. Calling politics and art her \"creative spirits\", Clark was involved in a number of reform initiatives throughout her century of life that championed the rights of women and promoted the arts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe second oldest daughter of Robert Clark (1832?-1906) and Estelle Goodman Clark (1847-1937), Adèle was born in Montgomery, Alabama on September 27, 1882. Before moving permanently to Richmond, the Clark family lived in New Orleans, LA, as well as the small town of Pass Christian, MS. It was in a one room school house in the latter town that Adèle developed a fondness for the arts. After her family moved to Richmond in 1894, Adèle enrolled in the Virginia Randolph Ellett School (now St. Catherine's). Adèle also studied art with Lilly M. Logan, who ran the art school at the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906 she was awarded a scholarship to the New York School of Fine and Applied Arts (the Chase School of Art), where she studied under Kenneth Hays Miller, Douglas Cannal, William M. Chase, and Robert Henri, leader of the \"Ash Can\" school of painting. Upon her return to Richmond, Clark began a teaching career at the Art Club of Richmond. It was here that Adèle began her long association and friendship with acclaimed Virginia artist, Nora Houston. When the Art Club of Richmond was dissolved in 1917, the women went on to establish The Atelier. Under their direction this private art studio, located adjacent to Clark's Chamberlayne Avenue residence, became a training ground for such noted Virginia artists as Edmund Archer, Eleanor Fry and Theresa Pollack (founder of the VCU School of the Arts). Two years later they founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, where they both held the title of artistic director. During this period, they participated in a fundraising campaign for the resurrection of the old Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. Their goal became a reality in 1930 when the new Richmond Academy of Arts, forerunner to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, was established on Capitol Street.*\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClark's interest in the suffrage movement began in 1909 when she was asked by novelist Ellen Glasgow to sign a petition calling for Virginia women to gain voting privileges. On November 27th of that year Clark, along with eighteen other civic-minded women, held a preliminary meeting to discuss the establishment of a state-wide suffrage organization. At this first meeting of what would become the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, Clark was elected secretary, a position she held for one year. She later helped direct legislative initiatives, organized suffrage rallies and went on speaking tours that helped establish new League chapters throughout the state. Clark also served for several years as chair of the ratification committee and head of the Equal Suffrage League lobby to the Virginia General Assembly.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 (which was ratified by Virginia in 1952), the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia was transformed into the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV). For nearly two decades Clark played a major role in the VLWV.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSelected as the VLWV's first chair in 1920, Clark became president one year later. She held this position for eighteen years (nonconsecutively). Her work in the VLWV involved constant study of legislation involving social issues and governmental efficiency and administration. In 1924, Clark was elected to the board of the National League of Women Voters (NLWV) as Director of the Third Region. The region included Washington, D.C., Virginia, and six other southern states. The following year she was elected Second Vice President of the NLWV, in which capacity she served until the Spring of 1928. During that period Clark traveled to conventions in twenty-four states on speaking tours. Along with other officers of the NLWV she helped resolve league organizational problems.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to her work for the VLWV and NLWV, Clark also served on two important state government commissions. In 1922, Governor E. Lee Trinkle appointed her to the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government, on which she served for two years as secretary of the Commission. In addition to performing the editorial and clerical work of the Commission, Clark also authored several of the chapters of the Commission's final report (January 1924) to the Virginia General Assembly. Four years later, Governor Harry F. Byrd, Jr. appointed Clark to the Liberal Arts College for Women Commission, on which she also served as secretary. The nine member Commission studied the feasibility of establishing a new liberal arts college for women in Virginia. The second report of the Commission (January 1930), which contained the \"set-up\" of the proposed college [now Mary Washington College?], was the product of research conducted by Clark with the assistance of Commission advisors.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClark's strong commitment to higher education was exemplified in several other ways. From March - September, 1926, she served as the Social Director of women students at the College of William and Mary. She was also instrumental in the establishment of citizenship courses for women through the University of Virginia's Extension Division. The courses were designed to educate women about the intricacies of governmental institutions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDuring the New Deal era, Clark distinguished herself in two important agencies. In 1933, she was selected as a field supervisor for the National Reemployment Service (NRS). Along with the state reemployment director and other field staff, she assisted in the organization of local reemployment offices throughout Virginia. After stepping down as field supervisor for the NRS, Clark became the Virginia Arts Project Director of the Work Projects Administration (WPA). This particular branch of the WPA was created to provide employment opportunities for artists in Virginia. In addition to producing murals for public buildings, artists employed by the WPA executed hundreds of paintings that were then distributed to local and state tax-supported institutions for display. One major accomplishment during Clark's tenure at the WPA was the establishment of new art galleries, such as the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn the later years of her life, Adèle Clark remained active in the Richmond community. After converting to Roman Catholicism in 1942, Clark utilized her political experience as a member of the Richmond Diocesan Council of Catholic Women (RDCCW). From 1949 to 1959 she served as the chair of the RDCCW's Legislative Committee. Clark also continued to speak out against a number of issues affecting women, such as the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment and abortion.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClark remained an active supporter of the Richmond art community. From 1941 to 1964 she was a member of the Virginia Arts Commission. The Commission helped to produce many of the murals and portraits displayed in state government buildings that depict the history of Virginia. Moreover, Clark's dedication to the teaching of art did not wane in these later years. She taught art to both the young and old in hospitals, schools and church classrooms. She also continued to enjoy creating her own artworks. Clark's paintings, mostly portraits and landscapes, have been exhibited in several states. One of her paintings, \"The Cherry Tree\", is in the permanent collection of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClark had a unique perspective on the influence of art on her political ideology. She once stated, \"I've always tried to combine my interest in art with my interest in government. I think we ought to have more of the creative and imaginative in politics.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAdèle Clark died at the age of 100 on June 5, 1983.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e[Information from newspaper accounts and the Adèle Goodman Clark Papers.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTeacher of Organization and Parliamentary Law at Suffrage School\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChairman, Committee on Uniform Laws Concerning Women, Chicago, ILL\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChairman of the Committee on International Cooperation to Prevent War, of the NLWV, Miss Morgan was also President of the Colony Club of New York\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["A founding member of the Virginia suffrage movement and a prominent supporter of the arts in Virginia, Adèle Goodman Clark (1882-1983) exemplified the influential role civically active women played in the major social reform movements of the twentieth century. Calling politics and art her \"creative spirits\", Clark was involved in a number of reform initiatives throughout her century of life that championed the rights of women and promoted the arts.","The second oldest daughter of Robert Clark (1832?-1906) and Estelle Goodman Clark (1847-1937), Adèle was born in Montgomery, Alabama on September 27, 1882. Before moving permanently to Richmond, the Clark family lived in New Orleans, LA, as well as the small town of Pass Christian, MS. It was in a one room school house in the latter town that Adèle developed a fondness for the arts. After her family moved to Richmond in 1894, Adèle enrolled in the Virginia Randolph Ellett School (now St. Catherine's). Adèle also studied art with Lilly M. Logan, who ran the art school at the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906 she was awarded a scholarship to the New York School of Fine and Applied Arts (the Chase School of Art), where she studied under Kenneth Hays Miller, Douglas Cannal, William M. Chase, and Robert Henri, leader of the \"Ash Can\" school of painting. Upon her return to Richmond, Clark began a teaching career at the Art Club of Richmond. It was here that Adèle began her long association and friendship with acclaimed Virginia artist, Nora Houston. When the Art Club of Richmond was dissolved in 1917, the women went on to establish The Atelier. Under their direction this private art studio, located adjacent to Clark's Chamberlayne Avenue residence, became a training ground for such noted Virginia artists as Edmund Archer, Eleanor Fry and Theresa Pollack (founder of the VCU School of the Arts). Two years later they founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, where they both held the title of artistic director. During this period, they participated in a fundraising campaign for the resurrection of the old Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. Their goal became a reality in 1930 when the new Richmond Academy of Arts, forerunner to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, was established on Capitol Street.*","Clark's interest in the suffrage movement began in 1909 when she was asked by novelist Ellen Glasgow to sign a petition calling for Virginia women to gain voting privileges. On November 27th of that year Clark, along with eighteen other civic-minded women, held a preliminary meeting to discuss the establishment of a state-wide suffrage organization. At this first meeting of what would become the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, Clark was elected secretary, a position she held for one year. She later helped direct legislative initiatives, organized suffrage rallies and went on speaking tours that helped establish new League chapters throughout the state. Clark also served for several years as chair of the ratification committee and head of the Equal Suffrage League lobby to the Virginia General Assembly.","After passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 (which was ratified by Virginia in 1952), the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia was transformed into the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV). For nearly two decades Clark played a major role in the VLWV.","Selected as the VLWV's first chair in 1920, Clark became president one year later. She held this position for eighteen years (nonconsecutively). Her work in the VLWV involved constant study of legislation involving social issues and governmental efficiency and administration. In 1924, Clark was elected to the board of the National League of Women Voters (NLWV) as Director of the Third Region. The region included Washington, D.C., Virginia, and six other southern states. The following year she was elected Second Vice President of the NLWV, in which capacity she served until the Spring of 1928. During that period Clark traveled to conventions in twenty-four states on speaking tours. Along with other officers of the NLWV she helped resolve league organizational problems.","In addition to her work for the VLWV and NLWV, Clark also served on two important state government commissions. In 1922, Governor E. Lee Trinkle appointed her to the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government, on which she served for two years as secretary of the Commission. In addition to performing the editorial and clerical work of the Commission, Clark also authored several of the chapters of the Commission's final report (January 1924) to the Virginia General Assembly. Four years later, Governor Harry F. Byrd, Jr. appointed Clark to the Liberal Arts College for Women Commission, on which she also served as secretary. The nine member Commission studied the feasibility of establishing a new liberal arts college for women in Virginia. The second report of the Commission (January 1930), which contained the \"set-up\" of the proposed college [now Mary Washington College?], was the product of research conducted by Clark with the assistance of Commission advisors.","Clark's strong commitment to higher education was exemplified in several other ways. From March - September, 1926, she served as the Social Director of women students at the College of William and Mary. She was also instrumental in the establishment of citizenship courses for women through the University of Virginia's Extension Division. The courses were designed to educate women about the intricacies of governmental institutions.","During the New Deal era, Clark distinguished herself in two important agencies. In 1933, she was selected as a field supervisor for the National Reemployment Service (NRS). Along with the state reemployment director and other field staff, she assisted in the organization of local reemployment offices throughout Virginia. After stepping down as field supervisor for the NRS, Clark became the Virginia Arts Project Director of the Work Projects Administration (WPA). This particular branch of the WPA was created to provide employment opportunities for artists in Virginia. In addition to producing murals for public buildings, artists employed by the WPA executed hundreds of paintings that were then distributed to local and state tax-supported institutions for display. One major accomplishment during Clark's tenure at the WPA was the establishment of new art galleries, such as the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap.","In the later years of her life, Adèle Clark remained active in the Richmond community. After converting to Roman Catholicism in 1942, Clark utilized her political experience as a member of the Richmond Diocesan Council of Catholic Women (RDCCW). From 1949 to 1959 she served as the chair of the RDCCW's Legislative Committee. Clark also continued to speak out against a number of issues affecting women, such as the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment and abortion.","Clark remained an active supporter of the Richmond art community. From 1941 to 1964 she was a member of the Virginia Arts Commission. The Commission helped to produce many of the murals and portraits displayed in state government buildings that depict the history of Virginia. Moreover, Clark's dedication to the teaching of art did not wane in these later years. She taught art to both the young and old in hospitals, schools and church classrooms. She also continued to enjoy creating her own artworks. Clark's paintings, mostly portraits and landscapes, have been exhibited in several states. One of her paintings, \"The Cherry Tree\", is in the permanent collection of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.","Clark had a unique perspective on the influence of art on her political ideology. She once stated, \"I've always tried to combine my interest in art with my interest in government. I think we ought to have more of the creative and imaginative in politics.\"","Adèle Clark died at the age of 100 on June 5, 1983.","[Information from newspaper accounts and the Adèle Goodman Clark Papers.]","Teacher of Organization and Parliamentary Law at Suffrage School","Chairman, Committee on Uniform Laws Concerning Women, Chicago, ILL","Chairman of the Committee on International Cooperation to Prevent War, of the NLWV, Miss Morgan was also President of the Colony Club of New York"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdele Goodman Clark papers, Collection # M 9, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers, Collection # M 9, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Adèle Goodman Clark papers document the life and activities of Miss Clark (1882-1983) throughout her adult life, as well as those of her closest friends and relatives. Miss Clark was a member of a small group of civically active Richmond women whose names appear throughout the collection. Of particular note are members of Clark's family, Edith Clark Cowles, Willoughby Ions, and friends Roberta Wellford, Lila Meade Valentine, Lucy Randolph Mason, Ida Mae Thompson, Eudora W. Ramsay Richardson, Nora Houston and Josephine Houston. A list and chart describing the family relationships follows the Series Description and Arrangement, which specifically details the arrangement of the collection and highlights areas of particular significance within each series.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection is comprised of five major components, each with its own depth of coverage, usually dependent upon the length of Clark's involvement. The first major component of the collection contains materials pertaining to the Clark and Houston families with their multiple activities, responsibilities and affiliations. The documents in this section include the personal correspondence of Adèle Clark, Nora Houston, and members of both the Clark and Houston families. Correspondence from Estelle Goodman Clark, Cely \"Nainaine\" Ions, and Estelle Adèle Goodman\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilloughby Ions provide a richly detailed account of the more significant events within the Clark-Ions family. Also included is personal, business, and legal correspondence between members of the Goodman family, predating the Civil War, and personal correspondence to Clark and Nora Houston from close friends and associates such as Cornelia Adair, T. Bowyer Campbell, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon and Roberta Wellford. Additional family information is provided by legal and real estate correspondence, biographical sketches, family and genealogical histories, composition books, diaries, journals, and poetry by various members of the Clark and Houston families. Some items of significance include handwritten memoranda and notes, poems, short stories and other fictional material written by Adèle Clark during her lifetime. The Virginia Historical Society holds additional Clark family materials (see Appendices).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also includes correspondence from businesses and civic organizations with which Clark, Edith Clark Cowles, and the Dooley/Houston family were affiliated during their lifetimes. A list of the more significant organizations includes the Virginia Society for Crippled Children and Handicapped Adults, Commission of Inter-Racial (or Interracial) Cooperation, Woodrow Wilson Foundation, National Consumers League, and Social Science Research Council-Committee on Public Administration. There is also correspondence from prominent local and state government officials that further document the political activities and biases of these women. Brochures, memoranda and publications from these organizations are scattered throughout the collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhile the family correspondence provides information about Clark's early years, the greatest significance of the collection lies in its documentation of the activities of the suffrage movement, both locally and nationally. The collection is particularly strong in its representation of correspondence, reports, memoranda and publications reflecting the sentiments and political positions of both the pro- and anti- suffrage movement from 1913 until the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. A large portion of this segment also documents the actions of the post-suffragists in their work through the national, state and local chapters of the League of Women Voters (LWV). Clark's considerable role of participation in the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) in the first two decades of the organization provides an abundant amount of material chronicling the many social and political issues in which local and national LWV members were engaged. Although the documentation of the activities of the LWV continues well into the 1970s, the collection is not as strong for the later years as it is for the earlier period.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe suffrage materials, the second and largest component in the collection, are composed of documentation of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV), Richmond League of Women Voters, the VLWV, and the reorganized League of Women Voters of Virginia (LWVV). The ESLV materials includes correspondence, committee and financial memoranda, convention material, notes, reports and miscellaneous literature. There is a large quantity of outgoing correspondence created by the corresponding secretaries of the ESLV which pertains to the efforts of organizing local suffrage chapters throughout the state and between officers of the ESLV, state and national government officials. Also included is correspondence between ESLV President, Lila Meade Valentine, and women of significance within the suffrage movement including Carrie Chapman Catt, Anna Howard Shaw, Maud Wood Park and Kate Gordon. While there is a substantial amount of correspondence generated by the central office of the ESLV, between 1909-1912 there are some major gaps. A portion of this documentation for the early history of the ESLV can be found at the Library of Virginia (see Appendices). Throughout its eleven year existence, the ESLV compiled an enormous amount of literature on the suffrage movement published by the National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA), and other organizations. Materials generated by the movement and represented in this portion of the collection include petitions, photographs, enrollment cards, posters, suffrage maps, sashes and other ephemeral items. Additional publications have not been indexed but are available for research.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the materials of the remaining suffrage organizations represented in the collection fall within a fourteen year time frame, 1920-1934, and includes President/Executive Secretary correspondence, bulletins, circulars, committee memoranda, and financial statements as well as records relating to the Virginia Cookery Book, the Governor's Ball and the citizenship courses sponsored by the VLWV. Clark also corresponded with the President of the NLWV and other officers in the national organization. The significant correspondents include Maud Wood Park, Belle Sherwin, Katherine Ludington, and Gertrude Ely. Incoming correspondence from prominent Virginia women such as Faith Morgan, Roberta Wellford, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon, Kate Waller Barrett, Mrs. John L. Lewis of Lynchburg, Mrs. John H. Lewis of Ashland, and Mrs C.E. [Jessie] Townsend of Norfolk can be found in both the President/Executive Correspondence files and the Board of Directors/Executive Committee/Standing Committees file of the VLWV.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe records of the VLWV document in great detail the legislative agenda over a fourteen year period. The VLWV materials contain correspondence, circulars, memoranda questionnaires and reports pertaining to the Children's Code Commission, Virginia Women's Council Legislative Chairman of State Organizations and other major committees of the VLWV; revealing which major pieces of legislation were of utmost concern to Clark and the VLWV. Like its predecessor, the VLWV collected a wide variety of literature from state, national and international organizations which championed a spectrum of causes of interest to Clark and her associates. These organizations include the League of Nations Association, National Council for the Prevention of War, National Women's Trade Union League of America, and Southern Council of Women and Children in Industry.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDocumentation of the NLWV (1920-1945) and the later reorganized League of Woman Voters of Virginia (1946-presents) includes correspondence and memoranda produced by Clark as Second Vice President in charge of Legislation and Law Enforcement and Third Regional Director for the NLWV. In addition to correspondence, memoranda, minutes, notes and reports there are materials detailing her involvement in nationally sponsored speaking tours throughout several regions of the United States. Items from the national office consist of mimeographed Adèle Goodman Clark correspondence and memoranda, reports, press releases and various publications created by the major standing committees and departments of the NLWV. Clark's activity in both the state and national leagues diminished to a great extent after 1934. Records of the latter local, state and national organizations primarily consists of bulletins, newsletters, and other literature published and distributed by the organizations.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClark was very involved in the commemoration of the contributions of Lila Meade Valentine to the suffrage movement. The collection contains the organizational records of the Lila Meade Valentine Memorial Association (1921-1937), which was established to raise money for a memorial tablet dedicated to Mrs. Valentine to be placed in the Capitol Building in Richmond. Much of the material consists of correspondence and memoranda between the association's chairperson, Adèle Clark and the individuals who contributed to the memorial fund. There is also correspondence between Clark and the sculptor chosen to produce the memorial tablet. Other material includes financial data, contributors lists, minutes, notes and reports documenting the association's fundraising activities.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection of materials related to state and national politics comprises the third major section of the Clark Papers. These materials include correspondence, memoranda, minutes, reports, statistical data, and literature generated by or related to the work of the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government (1921-1927) and the Liberal Arts College Commission (1918, 1929-1933). Material pertaining to both of these government commissions highlight the research and information gathering work undertaken by Clark and the members of these commissions before presentation of the final reports to the Virginia General Assembly. The collection also contains the annotated drafts and proofs of the reports in various stages of development. Correspondence, notes, reports and travel vouchers highlight Clark's duties as a NRS Field Supervisor and her involvement with the National Reemployment Service (1925-1937). Correspondence between Clark and the State Reemployment Director reveal the types of reemployment projects in which the NRS was actively engaged throughout the state. In addition, correspondence between Clark and other field staff demonstrate the extent to which Clark participated in managing local reemployment offices during her tenure with the NRS. Published reports, speeches, manuals, newspaper clippings and other ephemeral materials are also included.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe fourth area of interest of Adèle's, as reflected in the collection, was religion. Included here are the organizational records and personal items documenting the religious activities of Clark, Nora Houston, and several members of the Houston family. It should be noted that Clark was baptized and confirmed in the Episcopal Church and later became a devout Roman Catholic after Nora Houston's death in 1942. Included is correspondence between both women and various religious organizations, church leaflets, pamphlets and prayerbooks, periodicals and other items of a religious nature. Some of the organizations with which Clark and Houston corresponded include the Catholic Woman's Club, National Council of Catholic Women, National Conference on Christians and Jews, and Catholic Daughters of America. Beth Ahabah Museum and Archives holds other materials of a religious nature relating to the Goodman family.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe final component of the collection, second in size only to that of the suffrage and voting rights material, is that of art, particularly art in Virginia. An artist by training, Adèle Clark worked ceaselessly for increased public awareness of the traditions and richness of art within the Commonwealth. To this end, the collection documents the contributions of Clark and her colleagues in the following endeavors: the Art Club of Richmond, Atelier, Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, Richmond Academy of Arts, Virginia Arts Commission, and Works Project Administration-Federal Arts Project. In addition to containing the correspondence relating to the operations of these organizations, the records also contain memoranda, minutes and reports of committees, and materials on exhibitions sponsored by these organizations. Of particular significance are the records of the Academy Committee of the Art Club that document the committee's role in attempting to resurrect the arts academy. Materials relating to the WPA and the Virginia Arts Commission emphasize Clark's substantial role in making the public a more active player in the promotion of the arts. Clark's monthly and narrative reports on several WPA art galleries, as well as data on the Index of American Design, provide a detailed account of the variety of art projects the WPA underwrote in Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also contains a range of art and art school publications, art supply advertisements, catalogs, exhibition bulletins and notices from local and national art institutions. A small number of drawings, sketches and miscellaneous artwork created by Adèle Clark, Nora Houston and other artists are also represented. Some of the more notable pieces include Clark's original lithograph \"Richmond Market at Christmas\", copies of Nora Houston's house sketches and artwork produced by children of various ages. Lastly there are numerous kinds of illustrations and reproductions that Clark and Houston utilized in their art classes.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSignificant portions of the collection are in fragile condition, particularly newspaper clippings and photographs. Reference copies of the photographs are available for use. A large portion of the clippings have been photocopied and the process will continue as time and staff permit.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections has also purchased suffrage and related materials. Please ask a staffmember for information about these supporting items.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle Clark's cousins.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Mother of Adèle Clark. Nicknames include \"Dree,\" \"Muzzie,\" and \"Pouncey.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Father of Adèle Clarke.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Father of Julius D. Cowles who was married to Adèle Clark's sister Edith.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Older sister to Adèle Clarke, married to Julius \"Jules\" D. Cowles, her nicknames include \"Baby,\" \"Deetie,\" and \"Binn.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle Clarke's neice, daughter of Edith and Julius Cowles, married to James Cox.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Younger sister of Adèle Clarke, married to G. Frank Dew, her nicknames include \"Trudie,\" Trudee,\" and \"Teedee.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Maternal uncle to Adèle Clark.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Maternal aunt of Adèle Clark.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Cousin related to the Clarke family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Maternal aunt of Adèle Clarke and her godmother, married to Robert Ions. Also nicknamed \"Nainaine.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle's cousin, daughter of Cely and Robert Ions. She went by the name Willoughby.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Sister of Robert Ions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle Clarke's uncle, married to Cecile \"Cely\" Goodman Ions. Nicknames include \"Godpa\" and \"Berto.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle Clark's cousin.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle Clark's cousin.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Sister of Alice Dooley and Mary Dooley Jones.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: friend of Adèle, became a priest in the Episcopal Church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Estelle Goodman Clark's brother.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle's cousin, son of Cely and Robert Ions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Sister of Josephine Dooley Houston and Mary Dooley Jones.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Cousin of Alice Dooley.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Daughter of Josephine and Henry Houston.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Sister of Alice Dooley and Josephine Dooley Houston.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[merged with the restored Academy in the spring of 1930]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[grew out of the Atelier and later merged with the Academy]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes children's art work, art club material, instructional material; Japanese print.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo labeled \"Class Room Building--State Teacher's College, Farmville, Virginia--Frank F. Stone Architect, Roanoke, Virginia, July 10, 1944\"; a third blue print labeled \"Improvements to Employees Cottage as suggested by Art Commission, May 5, 1944\"; fourth labeled \"Temporary Employee Cottage, Division of the Budget, March 29, 1944\";drawing for inscription of building \"Julian H. Burruss Hall\" labeled \"Teaching and Admin. Building, Va. Polytechnic Inst., Blacksburg, VA - Carneal, Johnston \u0026amp; Wright Architects \u0026amp; Engineers, Richmond, Virginia.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVarious institutions to Benjamin Franklin Dew Jr., 1930s-1940s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEntitled \"Proposed Store For Mr. S.W. Farran - Designed by W.R. Snapp, 1107 Penn St. N.E.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCapitol Area of Richmond, undated; Map of Richmond and Environs, Department of Public Works, 1923; Drawn map of Richmond's North Side.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDepicts status of women's suffrage (framed and fragile).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSuffrage era map - \"The Woman Voter and the next President of the United States\" - showing which states women can vote and which ones women cannot vote.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAll with heading of the Virginia League of Woman Voters and labeled as follows: Congressional Districts Organized; Counties having some form of organization; Counties and cities holding citizenship schools; Virginia League of Women voters organized November 10, 1920; Number of Leagues organized; and one unlabeled.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLarge flyer on which states have compulsory school attendance, 1921; map of Virginia by Virginia Department of Agriculture and Immigration; a chart compiled by Lucia R. Maxwell on International Socialism 1922-1923, showing various woman's organizations; poster of Anchor Line Twin Screw Geared Turbine Steamer named the \"California\"; Centennial Memorial of United States--Declaration of Independence, published by Baltimore and Ohio Railroad; Victory Liberty Loan poster; anti-war poster; poster of mechanized man and horse; Virginia Society for Human Life poster; League of Women Voters poster \"Vote\" (2 posters); sheet music: \"Votes for Women\" - Suffrage Rallying Song.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(includes items on women's suffrage; voting habits; a \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRichmond News-Leader, \u003c/title\u003eSuffrage Supplement, and an article on paintings at Richmond Woman's Club; an article by Adèle Clark; several pages of the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRichmond Times-Dispatch, \u003c/title\u003e November 2, 1933 about the Community Fund; Atlanta Journal, June 12, 1919 article on U.S. Senate passing suffrage amendment; front page of \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRichmond Times-Dispatch, \u003c/title\u003e January 1, 1929, article on what Virginia leaders would like to see in 1929, includes article by Adèle Clark.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMajority of the photographs are from the Equal Suffrage League or Virginia League of Women Voters' events. All of these photographs have been reproduced and can be found elsewhere in Series XVII.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo different posters on the prevention of war; a Department of the Interior, Bureau of Education poster entitled \"How and Why to Stand Correctly\" 1918; a draft version of a poster by the Equal Suffrage League with typewritten history of suffrage in Virginia and the printed finished copy.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Adèle Goodman Clark papers document the life and activities of Miss Clark (1882-1983) throughout her adult life, as well as those of her closest friends and relatives. Miss Clark was a member of a small group of civically active Richmond women whose names appear throughout the collection. Of particular note are members of Clark's family, Edith Clark Cowles, Willoughby Ions, and friends Roberta Wellford, Lila Meade Valentine, Lucy Randolph Mason, Ida Mae Thompson, Eudora W. Ramsay Richardson, Nora Houston and Josephine Houston. A list and chart describing the family relationships follows the Series Description and Arrangement, which specifically details the arrangement of the collection and highlights areas of particular significance within each series.","The collection is comprised of five major components, each with its own depth of coverage, usually dependent upon the length of Clark's involvement. The first major component of the collection contains materials pertaining to the Clark and Houston families with their multiple activities, responsibilities and affiliations. The documents in this section include the personal correspondence of Adèle Clark, Nora Houston, and members of both the Clark and Houston families. Correspondence from Estelle Goodman Clark, Cely \"Nainaine\" Ions, and Estelle Adèle Goodman","Willoughby Ions provide a richly detailed account of the more significant events within the Clark-Ions family. Also included is personal, business, and legal correspondence between members of the Goodman family, predating the Civil War, and personal correspondence to Clark and Nora Houston from close friends and associates such as Cornelia Adair, T. Bowyer Campbell, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon and Roberta Wellford. Additional family information is provided by legal and real estate correspondence, biographical sketches, family and genealogical histories, composition books, diaries, journals, and poetry by various members of the Clark and Houston families. Some items of significance include handwritten memoranda and notes, poems, short stories and other fictional material written by Adèle Clark during her lifetime. The Virginia Historical Society holds additional Clark family materials (see Appendices).","The collection also includes correspondence from businesses and civic organizations with which Clark, Edith Clark Cowles, and the Dooley/Houston family were affiliated during their lifetimes. A list of the more significant organizations includes the Virginia Society for Crippled Children and Handicapped Adults, Commission of Inter-Racial (or Interracial) Cooperation, Woodrow Wilson Foundation, National Consumers League, and Social Science Research Council-Committee on Public Administration. There is also correspondence from prominent local and state government officials that further document the political activities and biases of these women. Brochures, memoranda and publications from these organizations are scattered throughout the collection.","While the family correspondence provides information about Clark's early years, the greatest significance of the collection lies in its documentation of the activities of the suffrage movement, both locally and nationally. The collection is particularly strong in its representation of correspondence, reports, memoranda and publications reflecting the sentiments and political positions of both the pro- and anti- suffrage movement from 1913 until the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. A large portion of this segment also documents the actions of the post-suffragists in their work through the national, state and local chapters of the League of Women Voters (LWV). Clark's considerable role of participation in the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) in the first two decades of the organization provides an abundant amount of material chronicling the many social and political issues in which local and national LWV members were engaged. Although the documentation of the activities of the LWV continues well into the 1970s, the collection is not as strong for the later years as it is for the earlier period.","The suffrage materials, the second and largest component in the collection, are composed of documentation of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV), Richmond League of Women Voters, the VLWV, and the reorganized League of Women Voters of Virginia (LWVV). The ESLV materials includes correspondence, committee and financial memoranda, convention material, notes, reports and miscellaneous literature. There is a large quantity of outgoing correspondence created by the corresponding secretaries of the ESLV which pertains to the efforts of organizing local suffrage chapters throughout the state and between officers of the ESLV, state and national government officials. Also included is correspondence between ESLV President, Lila Meade Valentine, and women of significance within the suffrage movement including Carrie Chapman Catt, Anna Howard Shaw, Maud Wood Park and Kate Gordon. While there is a substantial amount of correspondence generated by the central office of the ESLV, between 1909-1912 there are some major gaps. A portion of this documentation for the early history of the ESLV can be found at the Library of Virginia (see Appendices). Throughout its eleven year existence, the ESLV compiled an enormous amount of literature on the suffrage movement published by the National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA), and other organizations. Materials generated by the movement and represented in this portion of the collection include petitions, photographs, enrollment cards, posters, suffrage maps, sashes and other ephemeral items. Additional publications have not been indexed but are available for research.","The bulk of the materials of the remaining suffrage organizations represented in the collection fall within a fourteen year time frame, 1920-1934, and includes President/Executive Secretary correspondence, bulletins, circulars, committee memoranda, and financial statements as well as records relating to the Virginia Cookery Book, the Governor's Ball and the citizenship courses sponsored by the VLWV. Clark also corresponded with the President of the NLWV and other officers in the national organization. The significant correspondents include Maud Wood Park, Belle Sherwin, Katherine Ludington, and Gertrude Ely. Incoming correspondence from prominent Virginia women such as Faith Morgan, Roberta Wellford, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon, Kate Waller Barrett, Mrs. John L. Lewis of Lynchburg, Mrs. John H. Lewis of Ashland, and Mrs C.E. [Jessie] Townsend of Norfolk can be found in both the President/Executive Correspondence files and the Board of Directors/Executive Committee/Standing Committees file of the VLWV.","The records of the VLWV document in great detail the legislative agenda over a fourteen year period. The VLWV materials contain correspondence, circulars, memoranda questionnaires and reports pertaining to the Children's Code Commission, Virginia Women's Council Legislative Chairman of State Organizations and other major committees of the VLWV; revealing which major pieces of legislation were of utmost concern to Clark and the VLWV. Like its predecessor, the VLWV collected a wide variety of literature from state, national and international organizations which championed a spectrum of causes of interest to Clark and her associates. These organizations include the League of Nations Association, National Council for the Prevention of War, National Women's Trade Union League of America, and Southern Council of Women and Children in Industry.","Documentation of the NLWV (1920-1945) and the later reorganized League of Woman Voters of Virginia (1946-presents) includes correspondence and memoranda produced by Clark as Second Vice President in charge of Legislation and Law Enforcement and Third Regional Director for the NLWV. In addition to correspondence, memoranda, minutes, notes and reports there are materials detailing her involvement in nationally sponsored speaking tours throughout several regions of the United States. Items from the national office consist of mimeographed Adèle Goodman Clark correspondence and memoranda, reports, press releases and various publications created by the major standing committees and departments of the NLWV. Clark's activity in both the state and national leagues diminished to a great extent after 1934. Records of the latter local, state and national organizations primarily consists of bulletins, newsletters, and other literature published and distributed by the organizations.","Clark was very involved in the commemoration of the contributions of Lila Meade Valentine to the suffrage movement. The collection contains the organizational records of the Lila Meade Valentine Memorial Association (1921-1937), which was established to raise money for a memorial tablet dedicated to Mrs. Valentine to be placed in the Capitol Building in Richmond. Much of the material consists of correspondence and memoranda between the association's chairperson, Adèle Clark and the individuals who contributed to the memorial fund. There is also correspondence between Clark and the sculptor chosen to produce the memorial tablet. Other material includes financial data, contributors lists, minutes, notes and reports documenting the association's fundraising activities.","The collection of materials related to state and national politics comprises the third major section of the Clark Papers. These materials include correspondence, memoranda, minutes, reports, statistical data, and literature generated by or related to the work of the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government (1921-1927) and the Liberal Arts College Commission (1918, 1929-1933). Material pertaining to both of these government commissions highlight the research and information gathering work undertaken by Clark and the members of these commissions before presentation of the final reports to the Virginia General Assembly. The collection also contains the annotated drafts and proofs of the reports in various stages of development. Correspondence, notes, reports and travel vouchers highlight Clark's duties as a NRS Field Supervisor and her involvement with the National Reemployment Service (1925-1937). Correspondence between Clark and the State Reemployment Director reveal the types of reemployment projects in which the NRS was actively engaged throughout the state. In addition, correspondence between Clark and other field staff demonstrate the extent to which Clark participated in managing local reemployment offices during her tenure with the NRS. Published reports, speeches, manuals, newspaper clippings and other ephemeral materials are also included.","The fourth area of interest of Adèle's, as reflected in the collection, was religion. Included here are the organizational records and personal items documenting the religious activities of Clark, Nora Houston, and several members of the Houston family. It should be noted that Clark was baptized and confirmed in the Episcopal Church and later became a devout Roman Catholic after Nora Houston's death in 1942. Included is correspondence between both women and various religious organizations, church leaflets, pamphlets and prayerbooks, periodicals and other items of a religious nature. Some of the organizations with which Clark and Houston corresponded include the Catholic Woman's Club, National Council of Catholic Women, National Conference on Christians and Jews, and Catholic Daughters of America. Beth Ahabah Museum and Archives holds other materials of a religious nature relating to the Goodman family.","The final component of the collection, second in size only to that of the suffrage and voting rights material, is that of art, particularly art in Virginia. An artist by training, Adèle Clark worked ceaselessly for increased public awareness of the traditions and richness of art within the Commonwealth. To this end, the collection documents the contributions of Clark and her colleagues in the following endeavors: the Art Club of Richmond, Atelier, Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, Richmond Academy of Arts, Virginia Arts Commission, and Works Project Administration-Federal Arts Project. In addition to containing the correspondence relating to the operations of these organizations, the records also contain memoranda, minutes and reports of committees, and materials on exhibitions sponsored by these organizations. Of particular significance are the records of the Academy Committee of the Art Club that document the committee's role in attempting to resurrect the arts academy. Materials relating to the WPA and the Virginia Arts Commission emphasize Clark's substantial role in making the public a more active player in the promotion of the arts. Clark's monthly and narrative reports on several WPA art galleries, as well as data on the Index of American Design, provide a detailed account of the variety of art projects the WPA underwrote in Virginia.","The collection also contains a range of art and art school publications, art supply advertisements, catalogs, exhibition bulletins and notices from local and national art institutions. A small number of drawings, sketches and miscellaneous artwork created by Adèle Clark, Nora Houston and other artists are also represented. Some of the more notable pieces include Clark's original lithograph \"Richmond Market at Christmas\", copies of Nora Houston's house sketches and artwork produced by children of various ages. Lastly there are numerous kinds of illustrations and reproductions that Clark and Houston utilized in their art classes.","Significant portions of the collection are in fragile condition, particularly newspaper clippings and photographs. Reference copies of the photographs are available for use. A large portion of the clippings have been photocopied and the process will continue as time and staff permit.","Special Collections has also purchased suffrage and related materials. Please ask a staffmember for information about these supporting items.","Relationship: Adèle Clark's cousins.","Relationship: Mother of Adèle Clark. Nicknames include \"Dree,\" \"Muzzie,\" and \"Pouncey.\"","Relationship: Father of Adèle Clarke.","Relationship: Father of Julius D. Cowles who was married to Adèle Clark's sister Edith.","Relationship: Older sister to Adèle Clarke, married to Julius \"Jules\" D. Cowles, her nicknames include \"Baby,\" \"Deetie,\" and \"Binn.\"","Relationship: Adèle Clarke's neice, daughter of Edith and Julius Cowles, married to James Cox.","Relationship: Younger sister of Adèle Clarke, married to G. Frank Dew, her nicknames include \"Trudie,\" Trudee,\" and \"Teedee.\"","Relationship: Maternal uncle to Adèle Clark.","Relationship: Maternal aunt of Adèle Clark.","Relationship: Cousin related to the Clarke family.","Relationship: Maternal aunt of Adèle Clarke and her godmother, married to Robert Ions. Also nicknamed \"Nainaine.\"","Relationship: Adèle's cousin, daughter of Cely and Robert Ions. She went by the name Willoughby.","Relationship: Sister of Robert Ions.","Relationship: Adèle Clarke's uncle, married to Cecile \"Cely\" Goodman Ions. Nicknames include \"Godpa\" and \"Berto.\"","Relationship: Adèle Clark's cousin.","Relationship: Adèle Clark's cousin.","Relationship: Sister of Alice Dooley and Mary Dooley Jones.","Relationship: friend of Adèle, became a priest in the Episcopal Church.","Relationship: Estelle Goodman Clark's brother.","Relationship: Adèle's cousin, son of Cely and Robert Ions.","Relationship: Sister of Josephine Dooley Houston and Mary Dooley Jones.","Relationship: Cousin of Alice Dooley.","Relationship: Daughter of Josephine and Henry Houston.","Relationship: Sister of Alice Dooley and Josephine Dooley Houston.","[merged with the restored Academy in the spring of 1930]","[grew out of the Atelier and later merged with the Academy]","Includes children's art work, art club material, instructional material; Japanese print.","Two labeled \"Class Room Building--State Teacher's College, Farmville, Virginia--Frank F. Stone Architect, Roanoke, Virginia, July 10, 1944\"; a third blue print labeled \"Improvements to Employees Cottage as suggested by Art Commission, May 5, 1944\"; fourth labeled \"Temporary Employee Cottage, Division of the Budget, March 29, 1944\";drawing for inscription of building \"Julian H. Burruss Hall\" labeled \"Teaching and Admin. Building, Va. Polytechnic Inst., Blacksburg, VA - Carneal, Johnston \u0026 Wright Architects \u0026 Engineers, Richmond, Virginia.\"","Various institutions to Benjamin Franklin Dew Jr., 1930s-1940s.","Entitled \"Proposed Store For Mr. S.W. Farran - Designed by W.R. Snapp, 1107 Penn St. N.E.\"","Capitol Area of Richmond, undated; Map of Richmond and Environs, Department of Public Works, 1923; Drawn map of Richmond's North Side.","Depicts status of women's suffrage (framed and fragile).","Suffrage era map - \"The Woman Voter and the next President of the United States\" - showing which states women can vote and which ones women cannot vote.","All with heading of the Virginia League of Woman Voters and labeled as follows: Congressional Districts Organized; Counties having some form of organization; Counties and cities holding citizenship schools; Virginia League of Women voters organized November 10, 1920; Number of Leagues organized; and one unlabeled.","Large flyer on which states have compulsory school attendance, 1921; map of Virginia by Virginia Department of Agriculture and Immigration; a chart compiled by Lucia R. Maxwell on International Socialism 1922-1923, showing various woman's organizations; poster of Anchor Line Twin Screw Geared Turbine Steamer named the \"California\"; Centennial Memorial of United States--Declaration of Independence, published by Baltimore and Ohio Railroad; Victory Liberty Loan poster; anti-war poster; poster of mechanized man and horse; Virginia Society for Human Life poster; League of Women Voters poster \"Vote\" (2 posters); sheet music: \"Votes for Women\" - Suffrage Rallying Song.","(includes items on women's suffrage; voting habits; a  Richmond News-Leader,  Suffrage Supplement, and an article on paintings at Richmond Woman's Club; an article by Adèle Clark; several pages of the  Richmond Times-Dispatch,   November 2, 1933 about the Community Fund; Atlanta Journal, June 12, 1919 article on U.S. Senate passing suffrage amendment; front page of  Richmond Times-Dispatch,   January 1, 1929, article on what Virginia leaders would like to see in 1929, includes article by Adèle Clark.","Majority of the photographs are from the Equal Suffrage League or Virginia League of Women Voters' events. All of these photographs have been reproduced and can be found elsewhere in Series XVII.","Two different posters on the prevention of war; a Department of the Interior, Bureau of Education poster entitled \"How and Why to Stand Correctly\" 1918; a draft version of a poster by the Equal Suffrage League with typewritten history of suffrage in Virginia and the printed finished copy."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_coll_ssim":["League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":3079,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T04:37:44.566Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c14_c10_c07"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_34_c01","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Books","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_3_resources_34_c01#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eConsists of two books: \u003cem type=\"simple\"\u003eMilitary Laws \u003c/em\u003e, By C. W. Gooch, 1820. There is a stamp of \"B. Carper\" on the front page. This book was a compilation of military laws, military medical and general knowledge involving the US Army of that time period. Printed by the Adjunct General's Office of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_3_resources_34_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_34_c01","ref_ssm":["vircu_repositories_3_resources_34_c01"],"id":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_34_c01","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_34","_root_":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_34","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_34","parent_ssi":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_34","parent_ssim":["vircu_repositories_3_resources_34"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_3_resources_34"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Robert B. Carper papers"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Robert B. Carper papers"],"text":["Robert B. Carper papers","Books","box 1","folder 1","Consists of two books: \n Military Laws  , By C. W. Gooch, 1820. There is a stamp of \"B. Carper\" on the front page. This book was a compilation of military laws, military medical and general knowledge involving the US Army of that time period. Printed by the Adjunct General's Office of Virginia.","A Pocket Formulary and Physician's Manual  , by Thomas S. Powell, MD, 1855. The book has markings in the section on medical ethics. It is an example of books at this time for field medical reference. It contains recipes and instructions."],"title_filing_ssi":"Books","title_ssm":["Books"],"title_tesim":["Books"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1820, 1855"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1820/1855"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Books"],"component_level_isim":[1],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["Robert B. 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Printed by the Adjunct General's Office of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\" href=\"\" type=\"simple\"\u003eA Pocket Formulary and Physician's Manual \u003c/title\u003e, by Thomas S. Powell, MD, 1855. The book has markings in the section on medical ethics. It is an example of books at this time for field medical reference. It contains recipes and instructions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Consists of two books: \n Military Laws  , By C. W. Gooch, 1820. There is a stamp of \"B. Carper\" on the front page. This book was a compilation of military laws, military medical and general knowledge involving the US Army of that time period. Printed by the Adjunct General's Office of Virginia.","A Pocket Formulary and Physician's Manual  , by Thomas S. Powell, MD, 1855. The book has markings in the section on medical ethics. It is an example of books at this time for field medical reference. It contains recipes and instructions."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0","timestamp":"2026-05-21T04:39:44.631Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_34","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_34","_root_":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_34","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_34","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_3_resources_34.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.library.vcu.edu/repositories/3/resources/34","title_filing_ssi":"Carper, Robert B., papers","title_ssm":["Robert B. Carper papers"],"title_tesim":["Robert B. Carper papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1820-1866"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1820-1866"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["83.Jun.09","/repositories/3/resources/34"],"text":["83.Jun.09","/repositories/3/resources/34","Robert B. Carper papers","Soldiers -- Confederate States of America","No restrictions on access.","Robert Benjamin Carper was born in Greenbrier, Virginia (now West Virginia) on 23 November 1836. The second of seven children, Carper graduated from the Medical College of Virginia in 1861. As a doctor he could have joined the Army as an officer, but he refused a commission. Instead, he joined the 11th Virginia Volunteers, known as the Fincastle Rifles, as an infantryman to be with his two brothers. After a one year enlistment, and in poor health, he reenlisted to stay with his brothers. Carper was injured in the Battle of Williamsburg on 5 May, 1862 and was sent to a hospital in Williamsburg where he died two weeks later on 19 May. He is buried in Williamsburg with his mother's family.","The collection includes items related to Carper's time as a student at the Medical College of Virginia, a daguerreotype of Carper, and a lock of his hair.","Consists of two books: \n Military Laws  , By C. W. Gooch, 1820. There is a stamp of \"B. Carper\" on the front page. This book was a compilation of military laws, military medical and general knowledge involving the US Army of that time period. Printed by the Adjunct General's Office of Virginia.","A Pocket Formulary and Physician's Manual  , by Thomas S. Powell, MD, 1855. The book has markings in the section on medical ethics. It is an example of books at this time for field medical reference. It contains recipes and instructions.","This series contains a daguerreotype of Robert Carper in a wooden sided, bronze framed picture box. It has a bronze clasp and detailed woodworking on the box. There are also two photographs of the daguerreotype.","\nStudents purchased tickets to attend a professor's lectures as this was the common practice at medical schools in the 19th century. Each ticket admits Robert Carper to the lecture and is signed on the back by the instructor. The tickets include:","Midwifery and Diseases of Women and Children, Dr James H. Conway, Professor, Session 1859/60 and Session 1860/61\n","Surgery and Surgical Anatomy, Dr. Charles Bell Gordon, Professor, Session 1859/60\n","\nInstitutes of Medicine, Dr. L.S. Joynes, Professor, Session 1860/61","This notebook contains lecture notes written by Carper during his time at MCV. There is a passage commenting on exodus of southern medical students from Philadelphia in the wake of John Brown's execution in December 1859. It also includes family obituaries, pressed flowers, mementos, and notes written by Carper's brother and other family members after Carper's death.","No restrictions on use.","VCU Health Sciences Library","Medical College of Virginia -- Alumni and alumnae -- Archives","Confederate States of America. Army. Virginia Infantry Regiment, 11th","Carper, Robert B. (Robert Benjamin), 1836-1862","Carper, Robert B. (Robert Benjamin), 1836-1862 -- Archives","English"],"unitid_tesim":["83.Jun.09","/repositories/3/resources/34"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Robert B. Carper papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Robert B. Carper papers"],"collection_ssim":["Robert B. Carper papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Carper, Robert B. (Robert Benjamin), 1836-1862"],"creator_ssim":["Carper, Robert B. (Robert Benjamin), 1836-1862"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Carper, Robert B. (Robert Benjamin), 1836-1862"],"creators_ssim":["Carper, Robert B. (Robert Benjamin), 1836-1862"],"access_terms_ssm":["No restrictions on use."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Dr. William Bean from his family files."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Soldiers -- Confederate States of America"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Soldiers -- Confederate States of America"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.25 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["0.25 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo restrictions on access.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No restrictions on access."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRobert Benjamin Carper was born in Greenbrier, Virginia (now West Virginia) on 23 November 1836. The second of seven children, Carper graduated from the Medical College of Virginia in 1861. As a doctor he could have joined the Army as an officer, but he refused a commission. Instead, he joined the 11th Virginia Volunteers, known as the Fincastle Rifles, as an infantryman to be with his two brothers. After a one year enlistment, and in poor health, he reenlisted to stay with his brothers. Carper was injured in the Battle of Williamsburg on 5 May, 1862 and was sent to a hospital in Williamsburg where he died two weeks later on 19 May. He is buried in Williamsburg with his mother's family.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Robert Benjamin Carper was born in Greenbrier, Virginia (now West Virginia) on 23 November 1836. The second of seven children, Carper graduated from the Medical College of Virginia in 1861. As a doctor he could have joined the Army as an officer, but he refused a commission. Instead, he joined the 11th Virginia Volunteers, known as the Fincastle Rifles, as an infantryman to be with his two brothers. After a one year enlistment, and in poor health, he reenlisted to stay with his brothers. Carper was injured in the Battle of Williamsburg on 5 May, 1862 and was sent to a hospital in Williamsburg where he died two weeks later on 19 May. He is buried in Williamsburg with his mother's family."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRobert B. Carper Collection, Accession #83/Jun/09, Special Collections and Archives, Health Sciences Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Robert B. Carper Collection, Accession #83/Jun/09, Special Collections and Archives, Health Sciences Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes items related to Carper's time as a student at the Medical College of Virginia, a daguerreotype of Carper, and a lock of his hair.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConsists of two books: \n\u003ctitle render=\"italic\" href=\"\" type=\"simple\"\u003eMilitary Laws \u003c/title\u003e, By C. W. Gooch, 1820. There is a stamp of \"B. Carper\" on the front page. This book was a compilation of military laws, military medical and general knowledge involving the US Army of that time period. Printed by the Adjunct General's Office of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\" href=\"\" type=\"simple\"\u003eA Pocket Formulary and Physician's Manual \u003c/title\u003e, by Thomas S. Powell, MD, 1855. The book has markings in the section on medical ethics. It is an example of books at this time for field medical reference. It contains recipes and instructions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains a daguerreotype of Robert Carper in a wooden sided, bronze framed picture box. It has a bronze clasp and detailed woodworking on the box. There are also two photographs of the daguerreotype.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nStudents purchased tickets to attend a professor's lectures as this was the common practice at medical schools in the 19th century. Each ticket admits Robert Carper to the lecture and is signed on the back by the instructor. The tickets include:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMidwifery and Diseases of Women and Children, Dr James H. Conway, Professor, Session 1859/60 and Session 1860/61\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSurgery and Surgical Anatomy, Dr. Charles Bell Gordon, Professor, Session 1859/60\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nInstitutes of Medicine, Dr. L.S. Joynes, Professor, Session 1860/61\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis notebook contains lecture notes written by Carper during his time at MCV. There is a passage commenting on exodus of southern medical students from Philadelphia in the wake of John Brown's execution in December 1859. It also includes family obituaries, pressed flowers, mementos, and notes written by Carper's brother and other family members after Carper's death.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection includes items related to Carper's time as a student at the Medical College of Virginia, a daguerreotype of Carper, and a lock of his hair.","Consists of two books: \n Military Laws  , By C. W. Gooch, 1820. There is a stamp of \"B. Carper\" on the front page. This book was a compilation of military laws, military medical and general knowledge involving the US Army of that time period. Printed by the Adjunct General's Office of Virginia.","A Pocket Formulary and Physician's Manual  , by Thomas S. Powell, MD, 1855. The book has markings in the section on medical ethics. It is an example of books at this time for field medical reference. It contains recipes and instructions.","This series contains a daguerreotype of Robert Carper in a wooden sided, bronze framed picture box. It has a bronze clasp and detailed woodworking on the box. There are also two photographs of the daguerreotype.","\nStudents purchased tickets to attend a professor's lectures as this was the common practice at medical schools in the 19th century. Each ticket admits Robert Carper to the lecture and is signed on the back by the instructor. The tickets include:","Midwifery and Diseases of Women and Children, Dr James H. Conway, Professor, Session 1859/60 and Session 1860/61\n","Surgery and Surgical Anatomy, Dr. Charles Bell Gordon, Professor, Session 1859/60\n","\nInstitutes of Medicine, Dr. L.S. Joynes, Professor, Session 1860/61","This notebook contains lecture notes written by Carper during his time at MCV. There is a passage commenting on exodus of southern medical students from Philadelphia in the wake of John Brown's execution in December 1859. It also includes family obituaries, pressed flowers, mementos, and notes written by Carper's brother and other family members after Carper's death."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo restrictions on use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["No restrictions on use."],"names_coll_ssim":["Medical College of Virginia -- Alumni and alumnae -- Archives","Confederate States of America. Army. Virginia Infantry Regiment, 11th","Carper, Robert B. (Robert Benjamin), 1836-1862 -- Archives"],"names_ssim":["VCU Health Sciences Library","Medical College of Virginia -- Alumni and alumnae -- Archives","Confederate States of America. Army. Virginia Infantry Regiment, 11th","Carper, Robert B. (Robert Benjamin), 1836-1862","Carper, Robert B. (Robert Benjamin), 1836-1862 -- Archives"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU Health Sciences Library","Medical College of Virginia -- Alumni and alumnae -- Archives","Confederate States of America. Army. Virginia Infantry Regiment, 11th"],"persname_ssim":["Carper, Robert B. (Robert Benjamin), 1836-1862","Carper, Robert B. (Robert Benjamin), 1836-1862 -- Archives"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":5,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T04:39:44.631Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_3_resources_34_c01"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_64_c04_c20","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"First American Jewish Families","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_64_c04_c20#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_64_c04_c20","ref_ssm":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_64_c04_c20"],"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_64_c04_c20","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_64","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_64","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_64_c04","parent_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_64_c04","parent_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_64","vircu_repositories_5_resources_64_c04"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_64","vircu_repositories_5_resources_64_c04"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Edgar E. MacDonald papers","Education of the Heart"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Edgar E. MacDonald papers","Education of the Heart"],"text":["Edgar E. MacDonald papers","Education of the Heart","First American Jewish Families","box 6"],"title_filing_ssi":"First American Jewish Families","title_ssm":["First American Jewish Families"],"title_tesim":["First American Jewish Families"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1654-1977"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1654/1977"],"normalized_title_ssm":["First American Jewish Families"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["Edgar E. MacDonald papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":59,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Access to the Roger Hunt Carroll correspondence is restricted. For additional information contact the Special Collections and Archives staff."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions on use."],"date_range_isim":[1654,1655,1656,1657,1658,1659,1660,1661,1662,1663,1664,1665,1666,1667,1668,1669,1670,1671,1672,1673,1674,1675,1676,1677,1678,1679,1680,1681,1682,1683,1684,1685,1686,1687,1688,1689,1690,1691,1692,1693,1694,1695,1696,1697,1698,1699,1700,1701,1702,1703,1704,1705,1706,1707,1708,1709,1710,1711,1712,1713,1714,1715,1716,1717,1718,1719,1720,1721,1722,1723,1724,1725,1726,1727,1728,1729,1730,1731,1732,1733,1734,1735,1736,1737,1738,1739,1740,1741,1742,1743,1744,1745,1746,1747,1748,1749,1750,1751,1752,1753,1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977],"containers_ssim":["box 6"],"_nest_path_":"/components#3/components#19","timestamp":"2026-05-21T04:38:47.502Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_64","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_64","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_64","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_64","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_64.xml","title_filing_ssi":"MacDonald, Edgar E., papers","title_ssm":["Edgar E. MacDonald papers"],"title_tesim":["Edgar E. MacDonald papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1933-1993"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1933-1993"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 142","/repositories/5/resources/64"],"text":["M 142","/repositories/5/resources/64","Edgar E. MacDonald papers","Scholars -- Virginia -- Richmond","Access to the Roger Hunt Carroll correspondence is restricted. For additional information contact the Special Collections and Archives staff.","Series I--General personal papers (n.d., 1933-1976), Series II--Professional papers (n.d., 1933-1984), Series III--James Branch Cabell (n.d., 1977-1984), Series IV--Education of the Heart (n.d., 1654-1982), Series V--Ellen Glasgow (n.d., 1874-1981), Series VI--Articles, lectures, speeches and reviews (n.d.), Series VII--correspondence (n.d., 1816-1986): Subseries A: chronological; Subseries B: Alphabetical; Subseries C: Research correspondence, Series VIII--Ellen Glasgow Society (n.d., 1880-1983), Series IX--Published materials (n.d., 1961-1985), Series X--Virginia State Library and Archives Board, Series XI--James Branch Cabell and Richmond-in-Virginia ( - 1993), Series XII--Oversize in oversize drawer 25 and box 20","Edgar Edgeworth MacDonald was born in Richmond on 5 March 1919, the son of John Edgar and Marie Edgeworth MacDonald. He attended the University of Virginia (1936-1938), Sorbonne, University of Paris (1947-1948), Richmond Professional Institute [VCU] (B.S.), University of Richmond (M.A.) and the University of Paris, D. de l'Universite. A professor of English at Randolph-Macon College from 1953 until his retirement in 1984, Dr. MacDonald served as Senior Cabell Scholar at Virginia Commonwealth University until his death in 2011. He is the author of numerous articles and books, including a biography of James Branch Cabell published by the University of Mississippi Press in 1993.","The materials in this collection range from 1654 to 1990 and include correspondence, articles, reviews, drafts of published work, photographs and clippings. The bulk of the material can be found in the 1970- 1980 date range. There is extensive information on James Branch Cabell, Ellen Glasgow and the Edgeworth/Mordecai relationship. Activities of the Ellen Glasgow Society and the Virginia Writer's Club, to a lesser extent, are also documented. Clipping for \"Rain\" RTD 10/31/24 fragile note taken and clipping discarded. Photographs removed to University Photograph Collection. The video \"Richmond: Historic Sights \u0026 Haunts\" has been transferred to RG 70.","Four photographs of Josephine Glasgow Clark, niece of Ellen Glasgow. Two of these are postcard images, one of which also shows her mother,Annie Glasgow Clark (Mrs. Frank Tarleton Clark). Both of these postcard images were taken in Atlantic City. It was on this trip to Atlantic City where Annie Glasgow Clark had a stroke and died.","Two obituaries, one written by Edgar MacDonald and the other from the  Richmond Times-Dispatch , April 5, 1984.","There are no restrictions on use.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Virginia Writers Club","Ellen Glasgow Society","Randolph-Macon College -- Faculty","MacDonald, Edgar E.","Lazarus, Rachel Mordecai, 1788-1838","MacDonald, Edgar E. -- Archives","Edgeworth, Maria, 1768-1849","Cabell, James Branch, 1879-1958","Glasgow, Ellen Anderson Gholson, 1873-1945","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["M 142","/repositories/5/resources/64"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Edgar E. MacDonald papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Edgar E. MacDonald papers"],"collection_ssim":["Edgar E. MacDonald papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Virginia Writers Club","MacDonald, Edgar E.","Ellen Glasgow Society"],"creator_ssim":["Virginia Writers Club","MacDonald, Edgar E.","Ellen Glasgow Society"],"creator_persname_ssim":["MacDonald, Edgar E."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Virginia Writers Club","Ellen Glasgow Society"],"creators_ssim":["MacDonald, Edgar E.","Virginia Writers Club","Ellen Glasgow Society"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions on use."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was donated to the department by Dr. Edgar E. MacDonald in March 1990 and continuing."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Scholars -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Scholars -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["10 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["10 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAccess to the Roger Hunt Carroll correspondence is restricted. For additional information contact the Special Collections and Archives staff.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Access to the Roger Hunt Carroll correspondence is restricted. For additional information contact the Special Collections and Archives staff."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I--General personal papers (n.d., 1933-1976), Series II--Professional papers (n.d., 1933-1984), Series III--James Branch Cabell (n.d., 1977-1984), Series IV--Education of the Heart (n.d., 1654-1982), Series V--Ellen Glasgow (n.d., 1874-1981), Series VI--Articles, lectures, speeches and reviews (n.d.), Series VII--correspondence (n.d., 1816-1986): Subseries A: chronological; Subseries B: Alphabetical; Subseries C: Research correspondence, Series VIII--Ellen Glasgow Society (n.d., 1880-1983), Series IX--Published materials (n.d., 1961-1985), Series X--Virginia State Library and Archives Board, Series XI--James Branch Cabell and Richmond-in-Virginia ( - 1993), Series XII--Oversize in oversize drawer 25 and box 20\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series I--General personal papers (n.d., 1933-1976), Series II--Professional papers (n.d., 1933-1984), Series III--James Branch Cabell (n.d., 1977-1984), Series IV--Education of the Heart (n.d., 1654-1982), Series V--Ellen Glasgow (n.d., 1874-1981), Series VI--Articles, lectures, speeches and reviews (n.d.), Series VII--correspondence (n.d., 1816-1986): Subseries A: chronological; Subseries B: Alphabetical; Subseries C: Research correspondence, Series VIII--Ellen Glasgow Society (n.d., 1880-1983), Series IX--Published materials (n.d., 1961-1985), Series X--Virginia State Library and Archives Board, Series XI--James Branch Cabell and Richmond-in-Virginia ( - 1993), Series XII--Oversize in oversize drawer 25 and box 20"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEdgar Edgeworth MacDonald was born in Richmond on 5 March 1919, the son of John Edgar and Marie Edgeworth MacDonald. He attended the University of Virginia (1936-1938), Sorbonne, University of Paris (1947-1948), Richmond Professional Institute [VCU] (B.S.), University of Richmond (M.A.) and the University of Paris, D. de l'Universite. A professor of English at Randolph-Macon College from 1953 until his retirement in 1984, Dr. MacDonald served as Senior Cabell Scholar at Virginia Commonwealth University until his death in 2011. He is the author of numerous articles and books, including a biography of James Branch Cabell published by the University of Mississippi Press in 1993.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Edgar Edgeworth MacDonald was born in Richmond on 5 March 1919, the son of John Edgar and Marie Edgeworth MacDonald. He attended the University of Virginia (1936-1938), Sorbonne, University of Paris (1947-1948), Richmond Professional Institute [VCU] (B.S.), University of Richmond (M.A.) and the University of Paris, D. de l'Universite. A professor of English at Randolph-Macon College from 1953 until his retirement in 1984, Dr. MacDonald served as Senior Cabell Scholar at Virginia Commonwealth University until his death in 2011. He is the author of numerous articles and books, including a biography of James Branch Cabell published by the University of Mississippi Press in 1993."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBox/folder, Edgar E. MacDonald Papers, M 142, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Box/folder, Edgar E. MacDonald Papers, M 142, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials in this collection range from 1654 to 1990 and include correspondence, articles, reviews, drafts of published work, photographs and clippings. The bulk of the material can be found in the 1970- 1980 date range. There is extensive information on James Branch Cabell, Ellen Glasgow and the Edgeworth/Mordecai relationship. Activities of the Ellen Glasgow Society and the Virginia Writer's Club, to a lesser extent, are also documented. Clipping for \"Rain\" RTD 10/31/24 fragile note taken and clipping discarded. Photographs removed to University Photograph Collection. The video \"Richmond: Historic Sights \u0026amp; Haunts\" has been transferred to RG 70.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFour photographs of Josephine Glasgow Clark, niece of Ellen Glasgow. Two of these are postcard images, one of which also shows her mother,Annie Glasgow Clark (Mrs. Frank Tarleton Clark). Both of these postcard images were taken in Atlantic City. It was on this trip to Atlantic City where Annie Glasgow Clark had a stroke and died.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo obituaries, one written by Edgar MacDonald and the other from the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRichmond Times-Dispatch\u003c/title\u003e, April 5, 1984.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The materials in this collection range from 1654 to 1990 and include correspondence, articles, reviews, drafts of published work, photographs and clippings. The bulk of the material can be found in the 1970- 1980 date range. There is extensive information on James Branch Cabell, Ellen Glasgow and the Edgeworth/Mordecai relationship. Activities of the Ellen Glasgow Society and the Virginia Writer's Club, to a lesser extent, are also documented. Clipping for \"Rain\" RTD 10/31/24 fragile note taken and clipping discarded. Photographs removed to University Photograph Collection. The video \"Richmond: Historic Sights \u0026 Haunts\" has been transferred to RG 70.","Four photographs of Josephine Glasgow Clark, niece of Ellen Glasgow. Two of these are postcard images, one of which also shows her mother,Annie Glasgow Clark (Mrs. Frank Tarleton Clark). Both of these postcard images were taken in Atlantic City. It was on this trip to Atlantic City where Annie Glasgow Clark had a stroke and died.","Two obituaries, one written by Edgar MacDonald and the other from the  Richmond Times-Dispatch , April 5, 1984."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions on use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions on use."],"names_coll_ssim":["Randolph-Macon College -- Faculty","Lazarus, Rachel Mordecai, 1788-1838","MacDonald, Edgar E. -- Archives","Edgeworth, Maria, 1768-1849","Cabell, James Branch, 1879-1958","Glasgow, Ellen Anderson Gholson, 1873-1945"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Virginia Writers Club","Ellen Glasgow Society","Randolph-Macon College -- Faculty","MacDonald, Edgar E.","Lazarus, Rachel Mordecai, 1788-1838","MacDonald, Edgar E. -- Archives","Edgeworth, Maria, 1768-1849","Cabell, James Branch, 1879-1958","Glasgow, Ellen Anderson Gholson, 1873-1945"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Virginia Writers Club","Ellen Glasgow Society","Randolph-Macon College -- Faculty"],"persname_ssim":["MacDonald, Edgar E.","Lazarus, Rachel Mordecai, 1788-1838","MacDonald, Edgar E. -- Archives","Edgeworth, Maria, 1768-1849","Cabell, James Branch, 1879-1958","Glasgow, Ellen Anderson Gholson, 1873-1945"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":266,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T04:38:47.502Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_64_c04_c20"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_87","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"George Cruikshank collection","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_87#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Cruikshank, George, 1792-1878","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_87#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe collection is comprised of eight sketches and notes by Cruikshank dated 1833, 1845, 1852, 1874, and undated. The collection also contains seven autographed letters to Cruikshank, and one un-mailed mourning envelope addressed in Cruikshank's hand, with his signature for return address. The letters total 13 pages are on matters of business, arrangements for printing his drawings, passes to exhibits of his works, and the like, 1860-1872. Special Collections and Archives also has a significant collection of books illustrated by George Cruikshank -- many of which were published in the 19th century.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_87#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_87","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_87","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_87","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_87","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_87.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Cruikshank, George, collection","title_ssm":["George Cruikshank collection"],"title_tesim":["George Cruikshank collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1833-1872"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1833-1872"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 193","/repositories/5/resources/87"],"text":["M 193","/repositories/5/resources/87","George Cruikshank collection","Illustrators -- Great Britain","Collection is open to research.","George Cruikshank, son of caricaturist Isaac Cruikshank, was born in London, England in 1792 and died there in 1878. He began his career as a social/political caricaturist in 1811. Between 1819 and 1821, Cruikshank produced a series of colored etchings followed by a collection of comic stories in four volumes. He was considered the foremost illustrator of such classics as Grimms' Fairy Tales, Scott's novels and Dicken's Oliver Twist. In 66 years of work, Cruikshank illustrated more than 200 books. His work, wrote one reviewer of a biography of Cruikshank, \"recorded, commented on, and satirized his times to such an extent that they have frequently been used to represent the age.\"","The collection is comprised of eight sketches and notes by Cruikshank dated 1833, 1845, 1852, 1874, and undated. The collection also contains seven autographed letters to Cruikshank, and one un-mailed mourning envelope addressed in Cruikshank's hand, with his signature for return address. The letters total 13 pages are on matters of business, arrangements for printing his drawings, passes to exhibits of his works, and the like, 1860-1872. Special Collections and Archives also has a significant collection of books illustrated by George Cruikshank -- many of which were published in the 19th century.","One sheet consisting of a portion of a book wrapper from Debenham and Freebody, postmarked 28 December, 1874 in London, and addressed to Cruikshank. On the blank verso Cruikshank has filled the sheet with a list of fifteen magazines, newspapers, and editors, and marked numbers and check marks by the names as if keeping an account of the distribution of some publican. Two ink drawings appear also.","One sheet, consisting of an envelope that has been unfolded, addressed to Cruikshank and postmarked 6 January, 1874. On blank surface Cruikshank has made a list of fourteen names. Two ink drawings appear as well.","One sheet, consisting of a letter from a Mr. C.W. Caggan warning Cruikshank that he would be calling on him shortly, dated 27 February, 1852. On the verso Cruikshank had penciled the title  The Art of Self Defense and  National Defense.  Below this, along with random notes, he has drawn a swirling mass of clouds.","One leaf consisting of a letter written to Cruikshank from an author who requested him to submit a paper to  Ainsworth's Magazine anonymously so as not to  ruin [his] correspondence with Mr. Mortimer.  On the verso Cruikshank has written the title \"Outlines of Society for Our Own Times and roughed out two portraits, one a profile, the other a three-quarter view. \"Our Own Times\" was issued in four numbers, the first in April of 1846, and in this first number appeared an etching entitled \"Outline of Society in Our Own Times,\" for which these are preliminary sketches.","One sheet, folded to four pages, the first and last pages filled with notes, and two pencil portraits. One page contains Cruikshank's notes for a lecture on railway accidents with notes like  court marital, cruelty to women, 3000 in America, 1000 miles, half a million names... The other page has a program entitled  Opening Address of Mr. Cruikshank with six names listed.","This letter by Cruikshank was located in  George Cruikshank's Magazine,  London: David Bogue, 1854. [No. 1 (Jan. 1854)-no. 2 (Feb. 1854)]. This publication was purchased by Special Collections and Archives and is cataloged and housed in Special Collections and Archives' book collection with the call number: AP4 .G34. The letter discusses the publication  George Cruikshank's Magazine .","Original receipt from Bradbury and Evans to Cruikshank regarding their publication of  George Cruikshank's Omnibus  which was published in 1841-1842. On the verso are notes by Cruikshank and various drawings.","3 1/2 x 4 1/2, with three addresses in ink and three pencil sketches, and an ink drawing.","Seven autographed letters to Cruikshank, and one un-mailed mourning envelope addressed in Cruikshank's hand, with his signature for return address. The letters total 13 pages are on matters of business, arrangements for printing his drawings, passes to exhibits of his works, and the like, 1860-1872.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Cruikshank, George, 1792-1878","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["M 193","/repositories/5/resources/87"],"normalized_title_ssm":["George Cruikshank collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["George Cruikshank collection"],"collection_ssim":["George Cruikshank collection"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Cruikshank, George, 1792-1878"],"creator_ssim":["Cruikshank, George, 1792-1878"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Cruikshank, George, 1792-1878"],"creators_ssim":["Cruikshank, George, 1792-1878"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Illustrators -- Great Britain"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Illustrators -- Great Britain"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["16 Items"],"extent_tesim":["16 Items"],"date_range_isim":[1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Cruikshank, son of caricaturist Isaac Cruikshank, was born in London, England in 1792 and died there in 1878. He began his career as a social/political caricaturist in 1811. Between 1819 and 1821, Cruikshank produced a series of colored etchings followed by a collection of comic stories in four volumes. He was considered the foremost illustrator of such classics as Grimms' Fairy Tales, Scott's novels and Dicken's Oliver Twist. In 66 years of work, Cruikshank illustrated more than 200 books. His work, wrote one reviewer of a biography of Cruikshank, \"recorded, commented on, and satirized his times to such an extent that they have frequently been used to represent the age.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["George Cruikshank, son of caricaturist Isaac Cruikshank, was born in London, England in 1792 and died there in 1878. He began his career as a social/political caricaturist in 1811. Between 1819 and 1821, Cruikshank produced a series of colored etchings followed by a collection of comic stories in four volumes. He was considered the foremost illustrator of such classics as Grimms' Fairy Tales, Scott's novels and Dicken's Oliver Twist. In 66 years of work, Cruikshank illustrated more than 200 books. His work, wrote one reviewer of a biography of Cruikshank, \"recorded, commented on, and satirized his times to such an extent that they have frequently been used to represent the age.\""],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Cruikshank collection, Collection # M 193, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["George Cruikshank collection, Collection # M 193, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is comprised of eight sketches and notes by Cruikshank dated 1833, 1845, 1852, 1874, and undated. The collection also contains seven autographed letters to Cruikshank, and one un-mailed mourning envelope addressed in Cruikshank's hand, with his signature for return address. The letters total 13 pages are on matters of business, arrangements for printing his drawings, passes to exhibits of his works, and the like, 1860-1872. Special Collections and Archives also has a significant collection of books illustrated by George Cruikshank -- many of which were published in the 19th century.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOne sheet consisting of a portion of a book wrapper from Debenham and Freebody, postmarked 28 December, 1874 in London, and addressed to Cruikshank. On the blank verso Cruikshank has filled the sheet with a list of fifteen magazines, newspapers, and editors, and marked numbers and check marks by the names as if keeping an account of the distribution of some publican. Two ink drawings appear also.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOne sheet, consisting of an envelope that has been unfolded, addressed to Cruikshank and postmarked 6 January, 1874. On blank surface Cruikshank has made a list of fourteen names. Two ink drawings appear as well.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOne sheet, consisting of a letter from a Mr. C.W. Caggan warning Cruikshank that he would be calling on him shortly, dated 27 February, 1852. On the verso Cruikshank had penciled the title \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eThe Art of Self Defense\u003c/title\u003eand \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eNational Defense.\u003c/title\u003e Below this, along with random notes, he has drawn a swirling mass of clouds.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOne leaf consisting of a letter written to Cruikshank from an author who requested him to submit a paper to \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eAinsworth's Magazine\u003c/title\u003eanonymously so as not to \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eruin [his] correspondence with Mr. Mortimer.\u003c/title\u003e On the verso Cruikshank has written the title \"Outlines of Society for Our Own Times and roughed out two portraits, one a profile, the other a three-quarter view. \"Our Own Times\" was issued in four numbers, the first in April of 1846, and in this first number appeared an etching entitled \"Outline of Society in Our Own Times,\" for which these are preliminary sketches.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOne sheet, folded to four pages, the first and last pages filled with notes, and two pencil portraits. One page contains Cruikshank's notes for a lecture on railway accidents with notes like \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003ecourt marital, cruelty to women, 3000 in America, 1000 miles, half a million names...\u003c/title\u003eThe other page has a program entitled \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eOpening Address of Mr. Cruikshank\u003c/title\u003ewith six names listed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis letter by Cruikshank was located in \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eGeorge Cruikshank's Magazine,\u003c/title\u003e London: David Bogue, 1854. [No. 1 (Jan. 1854)-no. 2 (Feb. 1854)]. This publication was purchased by Special Collections and Archives and is cataloged and housed in Special Collections and Archives' book collection with the call number: AP4 .G34. The letter discusses the publication \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eGeorge Cruikshank's Magazine\u003c/title\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal receipt from Bradbury and Evans to Cruikshank regarding their publication of \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eGeorge Cruikshank's Omnibus\u003c/title\u003e which was published in 1841-1842. On the verso are notes by Cruikshank and various drawings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3 1/2 x 4 1/2, with three addresses in ink and three pencil sketches, and an ink drawing.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeven autographed letters to Cruikshank, and one un-mailed mourning envelope addressed in Cruikshank's hand, with his signature for return address. The letters total 13 pages are on matters of business, arrangements for printing his drawings, passes to exhibits of his works, and the like, 1860-1872.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection is comprised of eight sketches and notes by Cruikshank dated 1833, 1845, 1852, 1874, and undated. The collection also contains seven autographed letters to Cruikshank, and one un-mailed mourning envelope addressed in Cruikshank's hand, with his signature for return address. The letters total 13 pages are on matters of business, arrangements for printing his drawings, passes to exhibits of his works, and the like, 1860-1872. Special Collections and Archives also has a significant collection of books illustrated by George Cruikshank -- many of which were published in the 19th century.","One sheet consisting of a portion of a book wrapper from Debenham and Freebody, postmarked 28 December, 1874 in London, and addressed to Cruikshank. On the blank verso Cruikshank has filled the sheet with a list of fifteen magazines, newspapers, and editors, and marked numbers and check marks by the names as if keeping an account of the distribution of some publican. Two ink drawings appear also.","One sheet, consisting of an envelope that has been unfolded, addressed to Cruikshank and postmarked 6 January, 1874. On blank surface Cruikshank has made a list of fourteen names. Two ink drawings appear as well.","One sheet, consisting of a letter from a Mr. C.W. Caggan warning Cruikshank that he would be calling on him shortly, dated 27 February, 1852. On the verso Cruikshank had penciled the title  The Art of Self Defense and  National Defense.  Below this, along with random notes, he has drawn a swirling mass of clouds.","One leaf consisting of a letter written to Cruikshank from an author who requested him to submit a paper to  Ainsworth's Magazine anonymously so as not to  ruin [his] correspondence with Mr. Mortimer.  On the verso Cruikshank has written the title \"Outlines of Society for Our Own Times and roughed out two portraits, one a profile, the other a three-quarter view. \"Our Own Times\" was issued in four numbers, the first in April of 1846, and in this first number appeared an etching entitled \"Outline of Society in Our Own Times,\" for which these are preliminary sketches.","One sheet, folded to four pages, the first and last pages filled with notes, and two pencil portraits. One page contains Cruikshank's notes for a lecture on railway accidents with notes like  court marital, cruelty to women, 3000 in America, 1000 miles, half a million names... The other page has a program entitled  Opening Address of Mr. Cruikshank with six names listed.","This letter by Cruikshank was located in  George Cruikshank's Magazine,  London: David Bogue, 1854. [No. 1 (Jan. 1854)-no. 2 (Feb. 1854)]. This publication was purchased by Special Collections and Archives and is cataloged and housed in Special Collections and Archives' book collection with the call number: AP4 .G34. The letter discusses the publication  George Cruikshank's Magazine .","Original receipt from Bradbury and Evans to Cruikshank regarding their publication of  George Cruikshank's Omnibus  which was published in 1841-1842. On the verso are notes by Cruikshank and various drawings.","3 1/2 x 4 1/2, with three addresses in ink and three pencil sketches, and an ink drawing.","Seven autographed letters to Cruikshank, and one un-mailed mourning envelope addressed in Cruikshank's hand, with his signature for return address. The letters total 13 pages are on matters of business, arrangements for printing his drawings, passes to exhibits of his works, and the like, 1860-1872."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Cruikshank, George, 1792-1878"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library"],"persname_ssim":["Cruikshank, George, 1792-1878"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":9,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T04:41:36.823Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_87","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_87","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_87","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_87","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_87.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Cruikshank, George, collection","title_ssm":["George Cruikshank collection"],"title_tesim":["George Cruikshank collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1833-1872"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1833-1872"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 193","/repositories/5/resources/87"],"text":["M 193","/repositories/5/resources/87","George Cruikshank collection","Illustrators -- Great Britain","Collection is open to research.","George Cruikshank, son of caricaturist Isaac Cruikshank, was born in London, England in 1792 and died there in 1878. He began his career as a social/political caricaturist in 1811. Between 1819 and 1821, Cruikshank produced a series of colored etchings followed by a collection of comic stories in four volumes. He was considered the foremost illustrator of such classics as Grimms' Fairy Tales, Scott's novels and Dicken's Oliver Twist. In 66 years of work, Cruikshank illustrated more than 200 books. His work, wrote one reviewer of a biography of Cruikshank, \"recorded, commented on, and satirized his times to such an extent that they have frequently been used to represent the age.\"","The collection is comprised of eight sketches and notes by Cruikshank dated 1833, 1845, 1852, 1874, and undated. The collection also contains seven autographed letters to Cruikshank, and one un-mailed mourning envelope addressed in Cruikshank's hand, with his signature for return address. The letters total 13 pages are on matters of business, arrangements for printing his drawings, passes to exhibits of his works, and the like, 1860-1872. Special Collections and Archives also has a significant collection of books illustrated by George Cruikshank -- many of which were published in the 19th century.","One sheet consisting of a portion of a book wrapper from Debenham and Freebody, postmarked 28 December, 1874 in London, and addressed to Cruikshank. On the blank verso Cruikshank has filled the sheet with a list of fifteen magazines, newspapers, and editors, and marked numbers and check marks by the names as if keeping an account of the distribution of some publican. Two ink drawings appear also.","One sheet, consisting of an envelope that has been unfolded, addressed to Cruikshank and postmarked 6 January, 1874. On blank surface Cruikshank has made a list of fourteen names. Two ink drawings appear as well.","One sheet, consisting of a letter from a Mr. C.W. Caggan warning Cruikshank that he would be calling on him shortly, dated 27 February, 1852. On the verso Cruikshank had penciled the title  The Art of Self Defense and  National Defense.  Below this, along with random notes, he has drawn a swirling mass of clouds.","One leaf consisting of a letter written to Cruikshank from an author who requested him to submit a paper to  Ainsworth's Magazine anonymously so as not to  ruin [his] correspondence with Mr. Mortimer.  On the verso Cruikshank has written the title \"Outlines of Society for Our Own Times and roughed out two portraits, one a profile, the other a three-quarter view. \"Our Own Times\" was issued in four numbers, the first in April of 1846, and in this first number appeared an etching entitled \"Outline of Society in Our Own Times,\" for which these are preliminary sketches.","One sheet, folded to four pages, the first and last pages filled with notes, and two pencil portraits. One page contains Cruikshank's notes for a lecture on railway accidents with notes like  court marital, cruelty to women, 3000 in America, 1000 miles, half a million names... The other page has a program entitled  Opening Address of Mr. Cruikshank with six names listed.","This letter by Cruikshank was located in  George Cruikshank's Magazine,  London: David Bogue, 1854. [No. 1 (Jan. 1854)-no. 2 (Feb. 1854)]. This publication was purchased by Special Collections and Archives and is cataloged and housed in Special Collections and Archives' book collection with the call number: AP4 .G34. The letter discusses the publication  George Cruikshank's Magazine .","Original receipt from Bradbury and Evans to Cruikshank regarding their publication of  George Cruikshank's Omnibus  which was published in 1841-1842. On the verso are notes by Cruikshank and various drawings.","3 1/2 x 4 1/2, with three addresses in ink and three pencil sketches, and an ink drawing.","Seven autographed letters to Cruikshank, and one un-mailed mourning envelope addressed in Cruikshank's hand, with his signature for return address. The letters total 13 pages are on matters of business, arrangements for printing his drawings, passes to exhibits of his works, and the like, 1860-1872.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Cruikshank, George, 1792-1878","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["M 193","/repositories/5/resources/87"],"normalized_title_ssm":["George Cruikshank collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["George Cruikshank collection"],"collection_ssim":["George Cruikshank collection"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Cruikshank, George, 1792-1878"],"creator_ssim":["Cruikshank, George, 1792-1878"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Cruikshank, George, 1792-1878"],"creators_ssim":["Cruikshank, George, 1792-1878"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Illustrators -- Great Britain"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Illustrators -- Great Britain"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["16 Items"],"extent_tesim":["16 Items"],"date_range_isim":[1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Cruikshank, son of caricaturist Isaac Cruikshank, was born in London, England in 1792 and died there in 1878. He began his career as a social/political caricaturist in 1811. Between 1819 and 1821, Cruikshank produced a series of colored etchings followed by a collection of comic stories in four volumes. He was considered the foremost illustrator of such classics as Grimms' Fairy Tales, Scott's novels and Dicken's Oliver Twist. In 66 years of work, Cruikshank illustrated more than 200 books. His work, wrote one reviewer of a biography of Cruikshank, \"recorded, commented on, and satirized his times to such an extent that they have frequently been used to represent the age.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["George Cruikshank, son of caricaturist Isaac Cruikshank, was born in London, England in 1792 and died there in 1878. He began his career as a social/political caricaturist in 1811. Between 1819 and 1821, Cruikshank produced a series of colored etchings followed by a collection of comic stories in four volumes. He was considered the foremost illustrator of such classics as Grimms' Fairy Tales, Scott's novels and Dicken's Oliver Twist. In 66 years of work, Cruikshank illustrated more than 200 books. His work, wrote one reviewer of a biography of Cruikshank, \"recorded, commented on, and satirized his times to such an extent that they have frequently been used to represent the age.\""],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Cruikshank collection, Collection # M 193, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["George Cruikshank collection, Collection # M 193, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is comprised of eight sketches and notes by Cruikshank dated 1833, 1845, 1852, 1874, and undated. The collection also contains seven autographed letters to Cruikshank, and one un-mailed mourning envelope addressed in Cruikshank's hand, with his signature for return address. The letters total 13 pages are on matters of business, arrangements for printing his drawings, passes to exhibits of his works, and the like, 1860-1872. Special Collections and Archives also has a significant collection of books illustrated by George Cruikshank -- many of which were published in the 19th century.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOne sheet consisting of a portion of a book wrapper from Debenham and Freebody, postmarked 28 December, 1874 in London, and addressed to Cruikshank. On the blank verso Cruikshank has filled the sheet with a list of fifteen magazines, newspapers, and editors, and marked numbers and check marks by the names as if keeping an account of the distribution of some publican. Two ink drawings appear also.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOne sheet, consisting of an envelope that has been unfolded, addressed to Cruikshank and postmarked 6 January, 1874. On blank surface Cruikshank has made a list of fourteen names. Two ink drawings appear as well.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOne sheet, consisting of a letter from a Mr. C.W. Caggan warning Cruikshank that he would be calling on him shortly, dated 27 February, 1852. On the verso Cruikshank had penciled the title \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eThe Art of Self Defense\u003c/title\u003eand \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eNational Defense.\u003c/title\u003e Below this, along with random notes, he has drawn a swirling mass of clouds.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOne leaf consisting of a letter written to Cruikshank from an author who requested him to submit a paper to \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eAinsworth's Magazine\u003c/title\u003eanonymously so as not to \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eruin [his] correspondence with Mr. Mortimer.\u003c/title\u003e On the verso Cruikshank has written the title \"Outlines of Society for Our Own Times and roughed out two portraits, one a profile, the other a three-quarter view. \"Our Own Times\" was issued in four numbers, the first in April of 1846, and in this first number appeared an etching entitled \"Outline of Society in Our Own Times,\" for which these are preliminary sketches.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOne sheet, folded to four pages, the first and last pages filled with notes, and two pencil portraits. One page contains Cruikshank's notes for a lecture on railway accidents with notes like \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003ecourt marital, cruelty to women, 3000 in America, 1000 miles, half a million names...\u003c/title\u003eThe other page has a program entitled \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eOpening Address of Mr. Cruikshank\u003c/title\u003ewith six names listed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis letter by Cruikshank was located in \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eGeorge Cruikshank's Magazine,\u003c/title\u003e London: David Bogue, 1854. [No. 1 (Jan. 1854)-no. 2 (Feb. 1854)]. This publication was purchased by Special Collections and Archives and is cataloged and housed in Special Collections and Archives' book collection with the call number: AP4 .G34. The letter discusses the publication \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eGeorge Cruikshank's Magazine\u003c/title\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal receipt from Bradbury and Evans to Cruikshank regarding their publication of \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eGeorge Cruikshank's Omnibus\u003c/title\u003e which was published in 1841-1842. On the verso are notes by Cruikshank and various drawings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3 1/2 x 4 1/2, with three addresses in ink and three pencil sketches, and an ink drawing.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeven autographed letters to Cruikshank, and one un-mailed mourning envelope addressed in Cruikshank's hand, with his signature for return address. The letters total 13 pages are on matters of business, arrangements for printing his drawings, passes to exhibits of his works, and the like, 1860-1872.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection is comprised of eight sketches and notes by Cruikshank dated 1833, 1845, 1852, 1874, and undated. The collection also contains seven autographed letters to Cruikshank, and one un-mailed mourning envelope addressed in Cruikshank's hand, with his signature for return address. The letters total 13 pages are on matters of business, arrangements for printing his drawings, passes to exhibits of his works, and the like, 1860-1872. Special Collections and Archives also has a significant collection of books illustrated by George Cruikshank -- many of which were published in the 19th century.","One sheet consisting of a portion of a book wrapper from Debenham and Freebody, postmarked 28 December, 1874 in London, and addressed to Cruikshank. On the blank verso Cruikshank has filled the sheet with a list of fifteen magazines, newspapers, and editors, and marked numbers and check marks by the names as if keeping an account of the distribution of some publican. Two ink drawings appear also.","One sheet, consisting of an envelope that has been unfolded, addressed to Cruikshank and postmarked 6 January, 1874. On blank surface Cruikshank has made a list of fourteen names. Two ink drawings appear as well.","One sheet, consisting of a letter from a Mr. C.W. Caggan warning Cruikshank that he would be calling on him shortly, dated 27 February, 1852. On the verso Cruikshank had penciled the title  The Art of Self Defense and  National Defense.  Below this, along with random notes, he has drawn a swirling mass of clouds.","One leaf consisting of a letter written to Cruikshank from an author who requested him to submit a paper to  Ainsworth's Magazine anonymously so as not to  ruin [his] correspondence with Mr. Mortimer.  On the verso Cruikshank has written the title \"Outlines of Society for Our Own Times and roughed out two portraits, one a profile, the other a three-quarter view. \"Our Own Times\" was issued in four numbers, the first in April of 1846, and in this first number appeared an etching entitled \"Outline of Society in Our Own Times,\" for which these are preliminary sketches.","One sheet, folded to four pages, the first and last pages filled with notes, and two pencil portraits. One page contains Cruikshank's notes for a lecture on railway accidents with notes like  court marital, cruelty to women, 3000 in America, 1000 miles, half a million names... The other page has a program entitled  Opening Address of Mr. Cruikshank with six names listed.","This letter by Cruikshank was located in  George Cruikshank's Magazine,  London: David Bogue, 1854. [No. 1 (Jan. 1854)-no. 2 (Feb. 1854)]. This publication was purchased by Special Collections and Archives and is cataloged and housed in Special Collections and Archives' book collection with the call number: AP4 .G34. The letter discusses the publication  George Cruikshank's Magazine .","Original receipt from Bradbury and Evans to Cruikshank regarding their publication of  George Cruikshank's Omnibus  which was published in 1841-1842. On the verso are notes by Cruikshank and various drawings.","3 1/2 x 4 1/2, with three addresses in ink and three pencil sketches, and an ink drawing.","Seven autographed letters to Cruikshank, and one un-mailed mourning envelope addressed in Cruikshank's hand, with his signature for return address. The letters total 13 pages are on matters of business, arrangements for printing his drawings, passes to exhibits of his works, and the like, 1860-1872."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Cruikshank, George, 1792-1878"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library"],"persname_ssim":["Cruikshank, George, 1792-1878"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":9,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T04:41:36.823Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_87"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_51_c09_c01","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Miscellaneous artifacts","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_3_resources_51_c09_c01#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains a special tax receipt for a dentist office from the Internal Revenue Service, 1868. A ticket for the 1892 Democratic Convention, and a dental school text dated 1828.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_3_resources_51_c09_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_51_c09_c01","ref_ssm":["vircu_repositories_3_resources_51_c09_c01"],"id":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_51_c09_c01","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_51","_root_":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_51","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_51_c09","parent_ssi":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_51_c09","parent_ssim":["vircu_repositories_3_resources_51","vircu_repositories_3_resources_51_c09"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_3_resources_51","vircu_repositories_3_resources_51_c09"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Harry Lyons papers","Artifact and Award Collection"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Harry Lyons papers","Artifact and Award Collection"],"text":["Harry Lyons papers","Artifact and Award Collection","Miscellaneous artifacts","Box-folder 9.1","This folder contains a special tax receipt for a dentist office from the Internal Revenue Service, 1868. A ticket for the 1892 Democratic Convention, and a dental school text dated 1828."],"title_filing_ssi":"Miscellaneous artifacts","title_ssm":["Miscellaneous artifacts"],"title_tesim":["Miscellaneous artifacts"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1828, 1868, 1892"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1828/1892"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Miscellaneous artifacts"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["Harry Lyons papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":221,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"date_range_isim":[1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892],"containers_ssim":["Box-folder 9.1"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains a special tax receipt for a dentist office from the Internal Revenue Service, 1868. A ticket for the 1892 Democratic Convention, and a dental school text dated 1828.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This folder contains a special tax receipt for a dentist office from the Internal Revenue Service, 1868. A ticket for the 1892 Democratic Convention, and a dental school text dated 1828."],"_nest_path_":"/components#8/components#0","timestamp":"2026-05-21T04:33:13.264Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_51","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_51","_root_":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_51","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_51","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_3_resources_51.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Lyons, Harry, papers","title_ssm":["Harry Lyons papers"],"title_tesim":["Harry Lyons papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1948-1987"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1948-1987"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Acc. 23","/repositories/3/resources/51"],"text":["Acc. 23","/repositories/3/resources/51","Harry Lyons papers","Periodontists -- Virginia -- Richmond","Philanthropists -- Virginia -- Richmond","Periodontics.","Dentistry -- Study and teaching.","Collection is open to research.","Records are arranged in chronological order.","Read at the American Dental Associations Management Conference. Chicago, IL","Dr. Harry Lyons was born in Washington DC on March 18, 1900. His father moved the family to Lexington, Virginia when Lyons was a year old. It was in Lexington that he was raised and went to school. After a year at Washington and Lee University in the Student Army Training Corps, he followed his sister's advice and transferred to the Medical College of Virginia where he graduated with a degree in dentistry in 1923.","Impressed with his strong knowledge, Dr. Cameron Hoogan, Dean of the School of Dentistry, offered Lyons a faculty position right after graduation. Remembering a professor's comparison of the beauty of a bicuspid to a young girl, Lyons decided to make an engagement ring out of a tooth in a black vulcanite setting. Sara Miriam Wice would accept his unusual ring and they were married for 41 years until her death in 1967.","Lyons worked as a full-time faculty member until 1928 when he started his own practice in periodontics. He continued to teach part time until 1950, progressing through the academic ranks to become a professor of periodontia and oral pathology. He would eventually become the periodontal department chair. Then in 1951, he accepted a challenge from MCV President Dr. William Sanger, to create the best dental school in the country, and became Dean of the School of Dentistry.","Lyons was active professionally and served as president of several state and national dental associations including the American Academy of Periodontology, the American Association of Dental Schools, and the American Dental Association. It was during his tenure as President of the ADA that the issue of fluoridation of water became a national debate. Lyons was frequently quoted in the press advocating the benefits of fluoridation. He was called to testify before several state legislatures as well as the United State Congress. In the end, Lyons efforts were successful as many states adopted his recommendations adding this element to their community water supplies.","Lyons was a prolific writer and contributor to dental literature with over thirty articles to his credit. These range from specific clinical dental procedures to advice on professional behavior and grooming. . Lyons continued to teach classes even after he became Dean. Lyons disliked facial hair and forbid MCV students from having moustaches and beards for years during his tenure. While Dean, Lyons wrote about the relationship between research and education, including ways to improve dental instruction. Lyons twice earned the William J. Gies award for the best paper in the Journal of Dental Research.","Throughout his career Lyons was recognized for his hard work and dedication to the dental profession. He received Distinguished Service Awards from four national dental associations. He was named a Laurate of Virginia, and given the Edward Wayne Medal for outstanding service to Virginia Commonwealth University in 1981. After over fifty years of dedication to MCV, Lyons was awarded the Outstanding Alumnus Award in 1985. He also held four honorary doctoral degrees. Lyons married Doris Yingling, Dean of the School of Nursing in 1969.","Lyons retired as Dean in 1970, and was named Dean Emeritus. That same year, the new dental building was named in his honor. In addition VCU has named a scholarship, professorship, and an outstanding dental alumni award in his honor. Lyons established several endowments including a fund to support the School of Dentistry, libraries, and the VCU Center for Judaic Studies.","Lyons died April 15, 1997 and was buried in Hebrew Cemetery in Richmond, VA. At the time of his death, the School of Dentistry was ranked as one of the top ten in the country.","The collection focuses on Lyons' writings, articles, clippings, photographs, and awards covering his professional career and tenure as Dean of the School of Dentistry, Medical College of Virginia, 1948-1979. The body of the collection is his papers and addresses. Lyons professional work was in periodontology, which deals with diseases of the gums These papers focus on problems and solutions related to this specialty, improving dental education, professional ethics. The collection also chronicles his gifts to the University and donations to local organizations. The collection does not include information regarding Lyons private dental practice or the official record of the School of Dentistry.","This series contains a biography as well as early personal records.","This folder contains a biography, publications list, selected bibliography and several newspaper clippings with biographic information.","Original school records bound in a binder","Grades, early employment documents, and Army discharge paperwork.","Letters on a wide variety of subjects. Most are personal or are related to Lyons' work with his many dental associations.","This series include varied subjects and papers. Each is organized either by event, organization, or person.","Dental Clinic Dedicatory Address.","Achievement Award, Life membership card. (Audio on reel-to-reel)","President's Address. (Audio on cassette)","This folder contains correspondence and speeches given during these years.","Bound volume,  Proceedings of the 41st Annual Meeting ","Committee on Social Trends in Professional Relations report.","Convocation, Washington D.C.","See Gies Award, 1978","President's Reports","81st Annual Session. Milwaukee, WI","98th Annual Session. Miami, FL","102nd Annual Session. Philadelphia, PA. (see folder 4.28)","Conference on Dental Research. Atlantic City, NJ","Conference of National Organizations for Areas of Dental Practice. Chicago, IL","Council on Dental Education.","Distinguished Service Award.","Miscellaneous","1st Annual Founders' Award","Commencement Address. See Folder 9.3","Brussels, Belguim","Annual Meeting. Banff, Alberta, Canada (See folder 6.2)","Photographs, x-rays and reports concerning individual cases Lyons worked on while in private practice.","President Reports","43rd Annual Meeting. Copenhagen, Denmark","Correspondence","Clippings and exhibits.","American Academy of Periodontology","American College of Dentists","Citation, American College of Dentists","New York, NY","Detroit, MI","Centennial Meeting. Lexington, KY","This folder includes correspondence involving various state and national licensing boards","Indiana Dental School","Health Services award, State of Israel.","Centennial Meeting. Boston, MA","15th Annual Meeting. St. Louis, MO","Dean, New York School of Dentistry.","Brotherhood Citation","Honorary Degree.","Centennial celebration. New York, NY","Annual Meeting. Pinehurst, NC","91st Annual Meeting. Columbus, OH","Honorary Initiation","33 year in the Society.","Testimonials, correspondence.","Board of Governors","Miscellany","Honorary Degree. Philadelphia, PA","Virginia Dental Association Fellowship(Audio on reel-to-reel)","Consultant to..","Consultant to...","This folder deals with attempts to regulate ads for toothpaste.","This folder includes information on the promotion of dental education","Honorary Civilian Consultant","Honorary Degree, Official Opening Ceremony-School of Dentistry. Winnipeg, Manitoba","Skytop. Philadelphia, PA","Commencement Address. Memphis, TN","Consultant work","This folder includes the initial paperwork involved in setting up this endowment to the University.","This folder contains the documentation setting up this endowment to the University.","This folder includes official correspondence in the naming of the new Dental building after Lyons, as well as personal letters of congradulations.","The folder includes the speech, articles, invitations and other items associated with the opening of the building.","This folder includes programs from the VCU Service Awards program.","Correspondence with Minnie Frank, Executive Secretary of the MCV Alumni Association.","This folder includes correspondence and publications concerning the presentation of Lyon's portrait at the University.","Annual Reports","\"Clean-shaven dental students\"","\"Encouraging Excellence\"","Homecoming flyers and clipping","Honors Convocation","This folder contains official documents as well as personal correspondence on Lyons' retirement.","Salary records","This folder contains documents regarding the Endowment Fund","This folder includeds official documents and the Service Award.","Controversy","Correspondence","Signal Honor Award","Testimonial to Harry Lyons.","Establishment of the Max and Jennie Lyons Fund","Honorary Degree. Lexington, VA","response to Alpha Omega Achievement Medal. (See folder 3.2)","Read at the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Federation Dentaire Internationale. (See Folder 3.30)","Published in  Journal of the American Dental Association  , Vol. 37. Sept. 1948","(See Folder 3.14)","Originally written as a President's Address to the American Dental Association. (See Folder 3.12, Audio on reel-to-reel)","Address given at the Belgian Dental Congress (See Folder 3.24)","(See Folder 3.43)","Read at the Kentucky Dental Association (See Folder 3.41)","Printed in the Arkansas and Arizona Dental Journals","Printed in the  Journal of the American Dental Association  , Vol 27 Jun. 1940","Read at the Rotary Club. Richmond, VA","Printd in the  Journal of the American Dental Association  . Vol 39 Nov. 1949","(See Folder 3.33)","Read at the Annual Meeting of the American Dental Association. Chicago, IL","Read at the Mid-Coninent Dental Congress. St. Louis, MO (See Folder 3.48)","Printed in the  Journal of the American Dental Association  . Vol. 64 Jan. 1962","(See Folder 3.13, Audio on reel-to-reel)","Read at the West Virginia Dental Conference","Read at the American Academy of Peroidontology meeting in Atlantic City, NJ.","Read at National Association of Dental Examiners Annual Meeting. Milwaukee, WI (See Folder 3.4)","Read at the International Conference of Dental Education. New York, NY (See Folder 3.38)","(See Folder 3.78)","Read at the Annual Meeting of the Virginia Dental Association. (See Folder 3.67, Audio on reel-to-reel)","Written for a chapter in Samuel Gordon's book,  Dental Science and Dental Art   Updated in 1943.","Article written in response to J. Wilson Ames.","Read at the 32nd Annual Meeting of the American Association of Dental Schools.","(See Folder 3.14)","This series consists of clippings and press releases covering Lyons' professional career.","Mounted newsprint clippings.","Mounted newsprint clippings. Topics include Lyons named Dean of School of Dentistry, President of the ADA, and the fluoridation campaign.","Mounted newsprint clippings. Topics include awards won by Lyons, retirement from University, and philantrophy.","This folder contains press releases from the American Dental Association and Virginia Commonwealth University. Subjects include Lyon's efforts at fluoridation, his demand for better dental education, and the naming of the Harry Lyons dental building at VCU.","This series contains journals, newsletters and bulletins regarding Lyons or featuring his writings.","This folder contains bulletins and newsletters with information concerning Lyons from the American Dental Association, American Association of Dental Schools, Medical Society of Virginia, American Dental Trade Association, Kiwanis Club, National Conference of Christians and Jews, and the Rotary Club.","This folder contains journals that have articles written by or about Lyons.","Vol. 18, No 1","Vol. XXV No. 1","Vol. XLV No. 1","Vol. L No. 3","Vol. LVI No. 3","Vol. XLIV No. 2","Vol. LII No. 3","Vol. LXVII No. 2","Vol. 2 No. 3","Vol. 31 No. 9","Vol. 3 No. 4","Vol. 26 No. 5","Vol. 47 No. 5","VCU Endowment Proposition.","This folder contains convention programs and folders from many dental conventions. Associations included are the American Dental Association, American Dental Trade Association, American College of Dentists, American Association of Dental Schools, American Academy of Periodontology, and several state dental associations.","This series focuses on Lyons many awards and professional gatherings. Also it includes some personal photographs.","Lyons with sister Tillie Lyons and Constance Haller. These were two of the first women admitted into the MCV Dental School.","(Audio on cassette)","Rome, Italy (See Folder 3.29)","Honolulu, Hawaii","Bethesda, MD (See Folder 4.7)","(See Folder 3.37)","(See Folder 3.36)","(See Folder 3.77)","(See Folder 3.5)","(Classes 1918, 1923)","Photographs of multiple events and functions.","(See Folder 3.8)","(See Folder 3.51, 3.54)","(See Folder 3.84)","(See Folder 3.83, 3.84, Audio on reel-to-reel)","(Groundbreaking audio on reel-to-reel; naming ceremony on reel-to-reel, cassette)","(See Folder 3.23, 9.3)","(See Folder 3.67, 4.40. Audio on reel-to-reel)","(See Folder 3.64, 3.65)","(See Folder 3.96)","These photographs are of Lyons' birth certificate, and early dental advertisement.","This folder includes photographs of Lyon's receiving awards and speaking.","Photographs for use in publications and other official uses.","This series contains several artifacts and bound volumes","This folder contains a special tax receipt for a dentist office from the Internal Revenue Service, 1868. A ticket for the 1892 Democratic Convention, and a dental school text dated 1828.","Columbia University","Baylor Univerisity","(A-N)","(M-P)","(Q-Z)","Oversized. Held in oversized storage.","This series contains two scrapbooks each chronicling Lyons' professional career.","This scrapbook highlights Lyons work with the ADA. A folder with clippings found in back of book, 1950-1967. This scrapbook contains mostly newspaper clippings and official newsletters.","This scrapbook was compiled by Lyon's wife and covers his professional activities. This scrapbook contains much more in the way of photographs, and memorabilia.","This series contains audio recordings of Lyons on multiple formats.","The following audio tapes are part of their respective series but are held within the Audio Collection.","cassette","7 in. reel-to-reel","7 in. reel-to-reel.","7 in. reel-to-reel.","5 in. reel-to-reel.","5 in. reel-to-reel.","7 in. reel-to-reel.","cassette","cassette","5 in. reel-to-reel","5 in. reel-to-reel","7 in. reel-to-reel","5 in. reel-to-reel, cassette","cassette","cassette","This series contains video recordings of Lyons on multiple formats.","American Dental Association centennial, 16mm color sound film. 2x 11 in. reels. Stored with Film Accessions.","VHS videotape","VHS videotape","There are no restrictions.","VCU Health Sciences Library","Harry Lyons Collection (VCU)","Medical College of Virginia -- Faculty","Medical College of Virginia. School of Dentistry","Lyons, Harry, 1900-","Lyons, Harry, 1900- -- Archives","English"],"unitid_tesim":["Acc. 23","/repositories/3/resources/51"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Harry Lyons papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Harry Lyons papers"],"collection_ssim":["Harry Lyons papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Harry Lyons Collection (VCU)","Lyons, Harry, 1900-"],"creator_ssim":["Harry Lyons Collection (VCU)","Lyons, Harry, 1900-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Lyons, Harry, 1900-"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Harry Lyons Collection (VCU)"],"creators_ssim":["Lyons, Harry, 1900-","Harry Lyons Collection (VCU)"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was donated by Dr. Lyons over a span of several years. It includes accessioning numbers Acc 23, Acc 77, Acc 86, PF-176, PF-181, PF-182, PF-183 and 88/Mar/13."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Periodontists -- Virginia -- Richmond","Philanthropists -- Virginia -- Richmond","Periodontics.","Dentistry -- Study and teaching."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Periodontists -- Virginia -- Richmond","Philanthropists -- Virginia -- Richmond","Periodontics.","Dentistry -- Study and teaching."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["6.4 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["6.4 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRecords are arranged in chronological order.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRead at the American Dental Associations Management Conference. Chicago, IL\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement","Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Records are arranged in chronological order.","Read at the American Dental Associations Management Conference. Chicago, IL"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDr. Harry Lyons was born in Washington DC on March 18, 1900. His father moved the family to Lexington, Virginia when Lyons was a year old. It was in Lexington that he was raised and went to school. After a year at Washington and Lee University in the Student Army Training Corps, he followed his sister's advice and transferred to the Medical College of Virginia where he graduated with a degree in dentistry in 1923.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eImpressed with his strong knowledge, Dr. Cameron Hoogan, Dean of the School of Dentistry, offered Lyons a faculty position right after graduation. Remembering a professor's comparison of the beauty of a bicuspid to a young girl, Lyons decided to make an engagement ring out of a tooth in a black vulcanite setting. Sara Miriam Wice would accept his unusual ring and they were married for 41 years until her death in 1967.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLyons worked as a full-time faculty member until 1928 when he started his own practice in periodontics. He continued to teach part time until 1950, progressing through the academic ranks to become a professor of periodontia and oral pathology. He would eventually become the periodontal department chair. Then in 1951, he accepted a challenge from MCV President Dr. William Sanger, to create the best dental school in the country, and became Dean of the School of Dentistry.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLyons was active professionally and served as president of several state and national dental associations including the American Academy of Periodontology, the American Association of Dental Schools, and the American Dental Association. It was during his tenure as President of the ADA that the issue of fluoridation of water became a national debate. Lyons was frequently quoted in the press advocating the benefits of fluoridation. He was called to testify before several state legislatures as well as the United State Congress. In the end, Lyons efforts were successful as many states adopted his recommendations adding this element to their community water supplies.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLyons was a prolific writer and contributor to dental literature with over thirty articles to his credit. These range from specific clinical dental procedures to advice on professional behavior and grooming. . Lyons continued to teach classes even after he became Dean. Lyons disliked facial hair and forbid MCV students from having moustaches and beards for years during his tenure. While Dean, Lyons wrote about the relationship between research and education, including ways to improve dental instruction. Lyons twice earned the William J. Gies award for the best paper in the Journal of Dental Research.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThroughout his career Lyons was recognized for his hard work and dedication to the dental profession. He received Distinguished Service Awards from four national dental associations. He was named a Laurate of Virginia, and given the Edward Wayne Medal for outstanding service to Virginia Commonwealth University in 1981. After over fifty years of dedication to MCV, Lyons was awarded the Outstanding Alumnus Award in 1985. He also held four honorary doctoral degrees. Lyons married Doris Yingling, Dean of the School of Nursing in 1969.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLyons retired as Dean in 1970, and was named Dean Emeritus. That same year, the new dental building was named in his honor. In addition VCU has named a scholarship, professorship, and an outstanding dental alumni award in his honor. Lyons established several endowments including a fund to support the School of Dentistry, libraries, and the VCU Center for Judaic Studies.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLyons died April 15, 1997 and was buried in Hebrew Cemetery in Richmond, VA. At the time of his death, the School of Dentistry was ranked as one of the top ten in the country.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Dr. Harry Lyons was born in Washington DC on March 18, 1900. His father moved the family to Lexington, Virginia when Lyons was a year old. It was in Lexington that he was raised and went to school. After a year at Washington and Lee University in the Student Army Training Corps, he followed his sister's advice and transferred to the Medical College of Virginia where he graduated with a degree in dentistry in 1923.","Impressed with his strong knowledge, Dr. Cameron Hoogan, Dean of the School of Dentistry, offered Lyons a faculty position right after graduation. Remembering a professor's comparison of the beauty of a bicuspid to a young girl, Lyons decided to make an engagement ring out of a tooth in a black vulcanite setting. Sara Miriam Wice would accept his unusual ring and they were married for 41 years until her death in 1967.","Lyons worked as a full-time faculty member until 1928 when he started his own practice in periodontics. He continued to teach part time until 1950, progressing through the academic ranks to become a professor of periodontia and oral pathology. He would eventually become the periodontal department chair. Then in 1951, he accepted a challenge from MCV President Dr. William Sanger, to create the best dental school in the country, and became Dean of the School of Dentistry.","Lyons was active professionally and served as president of several state and national dental associations including the American Academy of Periodontology, the American Association of Dental Schools, and the American Dental Association. It was during his tenure as President of the ADA that the issue of fluoridation of water became a national debate. Lyons was frequently quoted in the press advocating the benefits of fluoridation. He was called to testify before several state legislatures as well as the United State Congress. In the end, Lyons efforts were successful as many states adopted his recommendations adding this element to their community water supplies.","Lyons was a prolific writer and contributor to dental literature with over thirty articles to his credit. These range from specific clinical dental procedures to advice on professional behavior and grooming. . Lyons continued to teach classes even after he became Dean. Lyons disliked facial hair and forbid MCV students from having moustaches and beards for years during his tenure. While Dean, Lyons wrote about the relationship between research and education, including ways to improve dental instruction. Lyons twice earned the William J. Gies award for the best paper in the Journal of Dental Research.","Throughout his career Lyons was recognized for his hard work and dedication to the dental profession. He received Distinguished Service Awards from four national dental associations. He was named a Laurate of Virginia, and given the Edward Wayne Medal for outstanding service to Virginia Commonwealth University in 1981. After over fifty years of dedication to MCV, Lyons was awarded the Outstanding Alumnus Award in 1985. He also held four honorary doctoral degrees. Lyons married Doris Yingling, Dean of the School of Nursing in 1969.","Lyons retired as Dean in 1970, and was named Dean Emeritus. That same year, the new dental building was named in his honor. In addition VCU has named a scholarship, professorship, and an outstanding dental alumni award in his honor. Lyons established several endowments including a fund to support the School of Dentistry, libraries, and the VCU Center for Judaic Studies.","Lyons died April 15, 1997 and was buried in Hebrew Cemetery in Richmond, VA. At the time of his death, the School of Dentistry was ranked as one of the top ten in the country."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHarry Lyons Collection, Accession #Acc 23, Special Collections and Archives, Health Sciences Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Harry Lyons Collection, Accession #Acc 23, Special Collections and Archives, Health Sciences Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection focuses on Lyons' writings, articles, clippings, photographs, and awards covering his professional career and tenure as Dean of the School of Dentistry, Medical College of Virginia, 1948-1979. The body of the collection is his papers and addresses. Lyons professional work was in periodontology, which deals with diseases of the gums These papers focus on problems and solutions related to this specialty, improving dental education, professional ethics. The collection also chronicles his gifts to the University and donations to local organizations. The collection does not include information regarding Lyons private dental practice or the official record of the School of Dentistry.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains a biography as well as early personal records.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains a biography, publications list, selected bibliography and several newspaper clippings with biographic information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal school records bound in a binder\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGrades, early employment documents, and Army discharge paperwork.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters on a wide variety of subjects. Most are personal or are related to Lyons' work with his many dental associations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series include varied subjects and papers. Each is organized either by event, organization, or person.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDental Clinic Dedicatory Address.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAchievement Award, Life membership card. (Audio on reel-to-reel)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePresident's Address. (Audio on cassette)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains correspondence and speeches given during these years.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBound volume, \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eProceedings of the 41st Annual Meeting \u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCommittee on Social Trends in Professional Relations report.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConvocation, Washington D.C.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee Gies Award, 1978\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePresident's Reports\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e81st Annual Session. Milwaukee, WI\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e98th Annual Session. Miami, FL\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e102nd Annual Session. Philadelphia, PA. (see folder 4.28)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConference on Dental Research. Atlantic City, NJ\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConference of National Organizations for Areas of Dental Practice. Chicago, IL\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCouncil on Dental Education.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDistinguished Service Award.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMiscellaneous\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1st Annual Founders' Award\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCommencement Address. See Folder 9.3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBrussels, Belguim\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAnnual Meeting. Banff, Alberta, Canada (See folder 6.2)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs, x-rays and reports concerning individual cases Lyons worked on while in private practice.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePresident Reports\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e43rd Annual Meeting. Copenhagen, Denmark\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClippings and exhibits.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmerican Academy of Periodontology\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmerican College of Dentists\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCitation, American College of Dentists\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNew York, NY\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDetroit, MI\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCentennial Meeting. Lexington, KY\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder includes correspondence involving various state and national licensing boards\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIndiana Dental School\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHealth Services award, State of Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCentennial Meeting. Boston, MA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e15th Annual Meeting. St. Louis, MO\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDean, New York School of Dentistry.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBrotherhood Citation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHonorary Degree.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCentennial celebration. New York, NY\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAnnual Meeting. Pinehurst, NC\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e91st Annual Meeting. Columbus, OH\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHonorary Initiation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e33 year in the Society.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTestimonials, correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBoard of Governors\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMiscellany\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHonorary Degree. Philadelphia, PA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVirginia Dental Association Fellowship(Audio on reel-to-reel)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConsultant to..\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConsultant to...\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder deals with attempts to regulate ads for toothpaste.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder includes information on the promotion of dental education\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHonorary Civilian Consultant\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHonorary Degree, Official Opening Ceremony-School of Dentistry. Winnipeg, Manitoba\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSkytop. Philadelphia, PA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCommencement Address. Memphis, TN\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConsultant work\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder includes the initial paperwork involved in setting up this endowment to the University.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains the documentation setting up this endowment to the University.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder includes official correspondence in the naming of the new Dental building after Lyons, as well as personal letters of congradulations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe folder includes the speech, articles, invitations and other items associated with the opening of the building.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder includes programs from the VCU Service Awards program.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence with Minnie Frank, Executive Secretary of the MCV Alumni Association.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder includes correspondence and publications concerning the presentation of Lyon's portrait at the University.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAnnual Reports\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Clean-shaven dental students\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Encouraging Excellence\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHomecoming flyers and clipping\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHonors Convocation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains official documents as well as personal correspondence on Lyons' retirement.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSalary records\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains documents regarding the Endowment Fund\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder includeds official documents and the Service Award.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eControversy\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSignal Honor Award\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTestimonial to Harry Lyons.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEstablishment of the Max and Jennie Lyons Fund\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHonorary Degree. Lexington, VA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eresponse to Alpha Omega Achievement Medal. (See folder 3.2)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRead at the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Federation Dentaire Internationale. (See Folder 3.30)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePublished in \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eJournal of the American Dental Association \u003c/title\u003e, Vol. 37. Sept. 1948\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(See Folder 3.14)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginally written as a President's Address to the American Dental Association. (See Folder 3.12, Audio on reel-to-reel)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAddress given at the Belgian Dental Congress (See Folder 3.24)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(See Folder 3.43)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRead at the Kentucky Dental Association (See Folder 3.41)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrinted in the Arkansas and Arizona Dental Journals\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrinted in the \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eJournal of the American Dental Association \u003c/title\u003e, Vol 27 Jun. 1940\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRead at the Rotary Club. Richmond, VA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrintd in the \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eJournal of the American Dental Association \u003c/title\u003e. Vol 39 Nov. 1949\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(See Folder 3.33)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRead at the Annual Meeting of the American Dental Association. Chicago, IL\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRead at the Mid-Coninent Dental Congress. St. Louis, MO (See Folder 3.48)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrinted in the \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eJournal of the American Dental Association \u003c/title\u003e. Vol. 64 Jan. 1962\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(See Folder 3.13, Audio on reel-to-reel)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRead at the West Virginia Dental Conference\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRead at the American Academy of Peroidontology meeting in Atlantic City, NJ.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRead at National Association of Dental Examiners Annual Meeting. Milwaukee, WI (See Folder 3.4)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRead at the International Conference of Dental Education. New York, NY (See Folder 3.38)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(See Folder 3.78)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRead at the Annual Meeting of the Virginia Dental Association. (See Folder 3.67, Audio on reel-to-reel)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten for a chapter in Samuel Gordon's book, \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eDental Science and Dental Art \u003c/title\u003e Updated in 1943.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArticle written in response to J. Wilson Ames.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRead at the 32nd Annual Meeting of the American Association of Dental Schools.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(See Folder 3.14)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series consists of clippings and press releases covering Lyons' professional career.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMounted newsprint clippings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMounted newsprint clippings. Topics include Lyons named Dean of School of Dentistry, President of the ADA, and the fluoridation campaign.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMounted newsprint clippings. Topics include awards won by Lyons, retirement from University, and philantrophy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains press releases from the American Dental Association and Virginia Commonwealth University. Subjects include Lyon's efforts at fluoridation, his demand for better dental education, and the naming of the Harry Lyons dental building at VCU.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains journals, newsletters and bulletins regarding Lyons or featuring his writings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains bulletins and newsletters with information concerning Lyons from the American Dental Association, American Association of Dental Schools, Medical Society of Virginia, American Dental Trade Association, Kiwanis Club, National Conference of Christians and Jews, and the Rotary Club.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains journals that have articles written by or about Lyons.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVol. 18, No 1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVol. XXV No. 1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVol. XLV No. 1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVol. L No. 3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVol. LVI No. 3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVol. XLIV No. 2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVol. LII No. 3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVol. LXVII No. 2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVol. 2 No. 3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVol. 31 No. 9\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVol. 3 No. 4\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVol. 26 No. 5\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVol. 47 No. 5\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVCU Endowment Proposition.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains convention programs and folders from many dental conventions. Associations included are the American Dental Association, American Dental Trade Association, American College of Dentists, American Association of Dental Schools, American Academy of Periodontology, and several state dental associations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series focuses on Lyons many awards and professional gatherings. Also it includes some personal photographs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLyons with sister Tillie Lyons and Constance Haller. These were two of the first women admitted into the MCV Dental School.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(Audio on cassette)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRome, Italy (See Folder 3.29)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHonolulu, Hawaii\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBethesda, MD (See Folder 4.7)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(See Folder 3.37)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(See Folder 3.36)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(See Folder 3.77)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(See Folder 3.5)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(Classes 1918, 1923)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs of multiple events and functions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(See Folder 3.8)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(See Folder 3.51, 3.54)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(See Folder 3.84)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(See Folder 3.83, 3.84, Audio on reel-to-reel)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(Groundbreaking audio on reel-to-reel; naming ceremony on reel-to-reel, cassette)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(See Folder 3.23, 9.3)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(See Folder 3.67, 4.40. Audio on reel-to-reel)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(See Folder 3.64, 3.65)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(See Folder 3.96)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese photographs are of Lyons' birth certificate, and early dental advertisement.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder includes photographs of Lyon's receiving awards and speaking.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs for use in publications and other official uses.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains several artifacts and bound volumes\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains a special tax receipt for a dentist office from the Internal Revenue Service, 1868. A ticket for the 1892 Democratic Convention, and a dental school text dated 1828.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColumbia University\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBaylor Univerisity\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(A-N)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(M-P)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(Q-Z)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversized. Held in oversized storage.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains two scrapbooks each chronicling Lyons' professional career.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis scrapbook highlights Lyons work with the ADA. A folder with clippings found in back of book, 1950-1967. This scrapbook contains mostly newspaper clippings and official newsletters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis scrapbook was compiled by Lyon's wife and covers his professional activities. This scrapbook contains much more in the way of photographs, and memorabilia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains audio recordings of Lyons on multiple formats.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe following audio tapes are part of their respective series but are held within the Audio Collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ecassette\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e7 in. reel-to-reel\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e7 in. reel-to-reel.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e7 in. reel-to-reel.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5 in. reel-to-reel.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5 in. reel-to-reel.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e7 in. reel-to-reel.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ecassette\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ecassette\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5 in. reel-to-reel\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5 in. reel-to-reel\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e7 in. reel-to-reel\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5 in. reel-to-reel, cassette\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ecassette\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ecassette\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains video recordings of Lyons on multiple formats.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmerican Dental Association centennial, 16mm color sound film. 2x 11 in. reels. Stored with Film Accessions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVHS videotape\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVHS videotape\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection focuses on Lyons' writings, articles, clippings, photographs, and awards covering his professional career and tenure as Dean of the School of Dentistry, Medical College of Virginia, 1948-1979. The body of the collection is his papers and addresses. Lyons professional work was in periodontology, which deals with diseases of the gums These papers focus on problems and solutions related to this specialty, improving dental education, professional ethics. The collection also chronicles his gifts to the University and donations to local organizations. The collection does not include information regarding Lyons private dental practice or the official record of the School of Dentistry.","This series contains a biography as well as early personal records.","This folder contains a biography, publications list, selected bibliography and several newspaper clippings with biographic information.","Original school records bound in a binder","Grades, early employment documents, and Army discharge paperwork.","Letters on a wide variety of subjects. Most are personal or are related to Lyons' work with his many dental associations.","This series include varied subjects and papers. Each is organized either by event, organization, or person.","Dental Clinic Dedicatory Address.","Achievement Award, Life membership card. (Audio on reel-to-reel)","President's Address. (Audio on cassette)","This folder contains correspondence and speeches given during these years.","Bound volume,  Proceedings of the 41st Annual Meeting ","Committee on Social Trends in Professional Relations report.","Convocation, Washington D.C.","See Gies Award, 1978","President's Reports","81st Annual Session. Milwaukee, WI","98th Annual Session. Miami, FL","102nd Annual Session. Philadelphia, PA. (see folder 4.28)","Conference on Dental Research. Atlantic City, NJ","Conference of National Organizations for Areas of Dental Practice. Chicago, IL","Council on Dental Education.","Distinguished Service Award.","Miscellaneous","1st Annual Founders' Award","Commencement Address. See Folder 9.3","Brussels, Belguim","Annual Meeting. Banff, Alberta, Canada (See folder 6.2)","Photographs, x-rays and reports concerning individual cases Lyons worked on while in private practice.","President Reports","43rd Annual Meeting. Copenhagen, Denmark","Correspondence","Clippings and exhibits.","American Academy of Periodontology","American College of Dentists","Citation, American College of Dentists","New York, NY","Detroit, MI","Centennial Meeting. Lexington, KY","This folder includes correspondence involving various state and national licensing boards","Indiana Dental School","Health Services award, State of Israel.","Centennial Meeting. Boston, MA","15th Annual Meeting. St. Louis, MO","Dean, New York School of Dentistry.","Brotherhood Citation","Honorary Degree.","Centennial celebration. New York, NY","Annual Meeting. Pinehurst, NC","91st Annual Meeting. Columbus, OH","Honorary Initiation","33 year in the Society.","Testimonials, correspondence.","Board of Governors","Miscellany","Honorary Degree. Philadelphia, PA","Virginia Dental Association Fellowship(Audio on reel-to-reel)","Consultant to..","Consultant to...","This folder deals with attempts to regulate ads for toothpaste.","This folder includes information on the promotion of dental education","Honorary Civilian Consultant","Honorary Degree, Official Opening Ceremony-School of Dentistry. Winnipeg, Manitoba","Skytop. Philadelphia, PA","Commencement Address. Memphis, TN","Consultant work","This folder includes the initial paperwork involved in setting up this endowment to the University.","This folder contains the documentation setting up this endowment to the University.","This folder includes official correspondence in the naming of the new Dental building after Lyons, as well as personal letters of congradulations.","The folder includes the speech, articles, invitations and other items associated with the opening of the building.","This folder includes programs from the VCU Service Awards program.","Correspondence with Minnie Frank, Executive Secretary of the MCV Alumni Association.","This folder includes correspondence and publications concerning the presentation of Lyon's portrait at the University.","Annual Reports","\"Clean-shaven dental students\"","\"Encouraging Excellence\"","Homecoming flyers and clipping","Honors Convocation","This folder contains official documents as well as personal correspondence on Lyons' retirement.","Salary records","This folder contains documents regarding the Endowment Fund","This folder includeds official documents and the Service Award.","Controversy","Correspondence","Signal Honor Award","Testimonial to Harry Lyons.","Establishment of the Max and Jennie Lyons Fund","Honorary Degree. Lexington, VA","response to Alpha Omega Achievement Medal. (See folder 3.2)","Read at the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Federation Dentaire Internationale. (See Folder 3.30)","Published in  Journal of the American Dental Association  , Vol. 37. Sept. 1948","(See Folder 3.14)","Originally written as a President's Address to the American Dental Association. (See Folder 3.12, Audio on reel-to-reel)","Address given at the Belgian Dental Congress (See Folder 3.24)","(See Folder 3.43)","Read at the Kentucky Dental Association (See Folder 3.41)","Printed in the Arkansas and Arizona Dental Journals","Printed in the  Journal of the American Dental Association  , Vol 27 Jun. 1940","Read at the Rotary Club. Richmond, VA","Printd in the  Journal of the American Dental Association  . Vol 39 Nov. 1949","(See Folder 3.33)","Read at the Annual Meeting of the American Dental Association. Chicago, IL","Read at the Mid-Coninent Dental Congress. St. Louis, MO (See Folder 3.48)","Printed in the  Journal of the American Dental Association  . Vol. 64 Jan. 1962","(See Folder 3.13, Audio on reel-to-reel)","Read at the West Virginia Dental Conference","Read at the American Academy of Peroidontology meeting in Atlantic City, NJ.","Read at National Association of Dental Examiners Annual Meeting. Milwaukee, WI (See Folder 3.4)","Read at the International Conference of Dental Education. New York, NY (See Folder 3.38)","(See Folder 3.78)","Read at the Annual Meeting of the Virginia Dental Association. (See Folder 3.67, Audio on reel-to-reel)","Written for a chapter in Samuel Gordon's book,  Dental Science and Dental Art   Updated in 1943.","Article written in response to J. Wilson Ames.","Read at the 32nd Annual Meeting of the American Association of Dental Schools.","(See Folder 3.14)","This series consists of clippings and press releases covering Lyons' professional career.","Mounted newsprint clippings.","Mounted newsprint clippings. Topics include Lyons named Dean of School of Dentistry, President of the ADA, and the fluoridation campaign.","Mounted newsprint clippings. Topics include awards won by Lyons, retirement from University, and philantrophy.","This folder contains press releases from the American Dental Association and Virginia Commonwealth University. Subjects include Lyon's efforts at fluoridation, his demand for better dental education, and the naming of the Harry Lyons dental building at VCU.","This series contains journals, newsletters and bulletins regarding Lyons or featuring his writings.","This folder contains bulletins and newsletters with information concerning Lyons from the American Dental Association, American Association of Dental Schools, Medical Society of Virginia, American Dental Trade Association, Kiwanis Club, National Conference of Christians and Jews, and the Rotary Club.","This folder contains journals that have articles written by or about Lyons.","Vol. 18, No 1","Vol. XXV No. 1","Vol. XLV No. 1","Vol. L No. 3","Vol. LVI No. 3","Vol. XLIV No. 2","Vol. LII No. 3","Vol. LXVII No. 2","Vol. 2 No. 3","Vol. 31 No. 9","Vol. 3 No. 4","Vol. 26 No. 5","Vol. 47 No. 5","VCU Endowment Proposition.","This folder contains convention programs and folders from many dental conventions. Associations included are the American Dental Association, American Dental Trade Association, American College of Dentists, American Association of Dental Schools, American Academy of Periodontology, and several state dental associations.","This series focuses on Lyons many awards and professional gatherings. Also it includes some personal photographs.","Lyons with sister Tillie Lyons and Constance Haller. These were two of the first women admitted into the MCV Dental School.","(Audio on cassette)","Rome, Italy (See Folder 3.29)","Honolulu, Hawaii","Bethesda, MD (See Folder 4.7)","(See Folder 3.37)","(See Folder 3.36)","(See Folder 3.77)","(See Folder 3.5)","(Classes 1918, 1923)","Photographs of multiple events and functions.","(See Folder 3.8)","(See Folder 3.51, 3.54)","(See Folder 3.84)","(See Folder 3.83, 3.84, Audio on reel-to-reel)","(Groundbreaking audio on reel-to-reel; naming ceremony on reel-to-reel, cassette)","(See Folder 3.23, 9.3)","(See Folder 3.67, 4.40. Audio on reel-to-reel)","(See Folder 3.64, 3.65)","(See Folder 3.96)","These photographs are of Lyons' birth certificate, and early dental advertisement.","This folder includes photographs of Lyon's receiving awards and speaking.","Photographs for use in publications and other official uses.","This series contains several artifacts and bound volumes","This folder contains a special tax receipt for a dentist office from the Internal Revenue Service, 1868. A ticket for the 1892 Democratic Convention, and a dental school text dated 1828.","Columbia University","Baylor Univerisity","(A-N)","(M-P)","(Q-Z)","Oversized. Held in oversized storage.","This series contains two scrapbooks each chronicling Lyons' professional career.","This scrapbook highlights Lyons work with the ADA. A folder with clippings found in back of book, 1950-1967. This scrapbook contains mostly newspaper clippings and official newsletters.","This scrapbook was compiled by Lyon's wife and covers his professional activities. This scrapbook contains much more in the way of photographs, and memorabilia.","This series contains audio recordings of Lyons on multiple formats.","The following audio tapes are part of their respective series but are held within the Audio Collection.","cassette","7 in. reel-to-reel","7 in. reel-to-reel.","7 in. reel-to-reel.","5 in. reel-to-reel.","5 in. reel-to-reel.","7 in. reel-to-reel.","cassette","cassette","5 in. reel-to-reel","5 in. reel-to-reel","7 in. reel-to-reel","5 in. reel-to-reel, cassette","cassette","cassette","This series contains video recordings of Lyons on multiple formats.","American Dental Association centennial, 16mm color sound film. 2x 11 in. reels. Stored with Film Accessions.","VHS videotape","VHS videotape"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_coll_ssim":["Medical College of Virginia -- Faculty","Medical College of Virginia. School of Dentistry","Lyons, Harry, 1900- -- Archives"],"names_ssim":["VCU Health Sciences Library","Harry Lyons Collection (VCU)","Medical College of Virginia -- Faculty","Medical College of Virginia. School of Dentistry","Lyons, Harry, 1900-","Lyons, Harry, 1900- -- Archives"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU Health Sciences Library","Harry Lyons Collection (VCU)","Medical College of Virginia -- Faculty","Medical College of Virginia. School of Dentistry"],"persname_ssim":["Lyons, Harry, 1900-","Lyons, Harry, 1900- -- Archives"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":251,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T04:33:13.264Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_3_resources_51_c09_c01"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_34","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Robert B. Carper papers","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_3_resources_34#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Carper, Robert B. (Robert Benjamin), 1836-1862","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_3_resources_34#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes items related to Carper's time as a student at the Medical College of Virginia, a daguerreotype of Carper, and a lock of his hair.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_3_resources_34#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_34","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_34","_root_":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_34","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_34","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_3_resources_34.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.library.vcu.edu/repositories/3/resources/34","title_filing_ssi":"Carper, Robert B., papers","title_ssm":["Robert B. Carper papers"],"title_tesim":["Robert B. Carper papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1820-1866"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1820-1866"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["83.Jun.09","/repositories/3/resources/34"],"text":["83.Jun.09","/repositories/3/resources/34","Robert B. Carper papers","Soldiers -- Confederate States of America","No restrictions on access.","Robert Benjamin Carper was born in Greenbrier, Virginia (now West Virginia) on 23 November 1836. The second of seven children, Carper graduated from the Medical College of Virginia in 1861. As a doctor he could have joined the Army as an officer, but he refused a commission. Instead, he joined the 11th Virginia Volunteers, known as the Fincastle Rifles, as an infantryman to be with his two brothers. After a one year enlistment, and in poor health, he reenlisted to stay with his brothers. Carper was injured in the Battle of Williamsburg on 5 May, 1862 and was sent to a hospital in Williamsburg where he died two weeks later on 19 May. He is buried in Williamsburg with his mother's family.","The collection includes items related to Carper's time as a student at the Medical College of Virginia, a daguerreotype of Carper, and a lock of his hair.","Consists of two books: \n Military Laws  , By C. W. Gooch, 1820. There is a stamp of \"B. Carper\" on the front page. This book was a compilation of military laws, military medical and general knowledge involving the US Army of that time period. Printed by the Adjunct General's Office of Virginia.","A Pocket Formulary and Physician's Manual  , by Thomas S. Powell, MD, 1855. The book has markings in the section on medical ethics. It is an example of books at this time for field medical reference. It contains recipes and instructions.","This series contains a daguerreotype of Robert Carper in a wooden sided, bronze framed picture box. It has a bronze clasp and detailed woodworking on the box. There are also two photographs of the daguerreotype.","\nStudents purchased tickets to attend a professor's lectures as this was the common practice at medical schools in the 19th century. Each ticket admits Robert Carper to the lecture and is signed on the back by the instructor. The tickets include:","Midwifery and Diseases of Women and Children, Dr James H. Conway, Professor, Session 1859/60 and Session 1860/61\n","Surgery and Surgical Anatomy, Dr. Charles Bell Gordon, Professor, Session 1859/60\n","\nInstitutes of Medicine, Dr. L.S. Joynes, Professor, Session 1860/61","This notebook contains lecture notes written by Carper during his time at MCV. There is a passage commenting on exodus of southern medical students from Philadelphia in the wake of John Brown's execution in December 1859. It also includes family obituaries, pressed flowers, mementos, and notes written by Carper's brother and other family members after Carper's death.","No restrictions on use.","VCU Health Sciences Library","Medical College of Virginia -- Alumni and alumnae -- Archives","Confederate States of America. Army. Virginia Infantry Regiment, 11th","Carper, Robert B. (Robert Benjamin), 1836-1862","Carper, Robert B. (Robert Benjamin), 1836-1862 -- Archives","English"],"unitid_tesim":["83.Jun.09","/repositories/3/resources/34"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Robert B. Carper papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Robert B. Carper papers"],"collection_ssim":["Robert B. Carper papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Carper, Robert B. (Robert Benjamin), 1836-1862"],"creator_ssim":["Carper, Robert B. (Robert Benjamin), 1836-1862"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Carper, Robert B. (Robert Benjamin), 1836-1862"],"creators_ssim":["Carper, Robert B. (Robert Benjamin), 1836-1862"],"access_terms_ssm":["No restrictions on use."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Dr. William Bean from his family files."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Soldiers -- Confederate States of America"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Soldiers -- Confederate States of America"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.25 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["0.25 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo restrictions on access.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No restrictions on access."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRobert Benjamin Carper was born in Greenbrier, Virginia (now West Virginia) on 23 November 1836. The second of seven children, Carper graduated from the Medical College of Virginia in 1861. As a doctor he could have joined the Army as an officer, but he refused a commission. Instead, he joined the 11th Virginia Volunteers, known as the Fincastle Rifles, as an infantryman to be with his two brothers. After a one year enlistment, and in poor health, he reenlisted to stay with his brothers. Carper was injured in the Battle of Williamsburg on 5 May, 1862 and was sent to a hospital in Williamsburg where he died two weeks later on 19 May. He is buried in Williamsburg with his mother's family.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Robert Benjamin Carper was born in Greenbrier, Virginia (now West Virginia) on 23 November 1836. The second of seven children, Carper graduated from the Medical College of Virginia in 1861. As a doctor he could have joined the Army as an officer, but he refused a commission. Instead, he joined the 11th Virginia Volunteers, known as the Fincastle Rifles, as an infantryman to be with his two brothers. After a one year enlistment, and in poor health, he reenlisted to stay with his brothers. Carper was injured in the Battle of Williamsburg on 5 May, 1862 and was sent to a hospital in Williamsburg where he died two weeks later on 19 May. He is buried in Williamsburg with his mother's family."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRobert B. Carper Collection, Accession #83/Jun/09, Special Collections and Archives, Health Sciences Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Robert B. Carper Collection, Accession #83/Jun/09, Special Collections and Archives, Health Sciences Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes items related to Carper's time as a student at the Medical College of Virginia, a daguerreotype of Carper, and a lock of his hair.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConsists of two books: \n\u003ctitle render=\"italic\" href=\"\" type=\"simple\"\u003eMilitary Laws \u003c/title\u003e, By C. W. Gooch, 1820. There is a stamp of \"B. Carper\" on the front page. This book was a compilation of military laws, military medical and general knowledge involving the US Army of that time period. Printed by the Adjunct General's Office of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\" href=\"\" type=\"simple\"\u003eA Pocket Formulary and Physician's Manual \u003c/title\u003e, by Thomas S. Powell, MD, 1855. The book has markings in the section on medical ethics. It is an example of books at this time for field medical reference. It contains recipes and instructions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains a daguerreotype of Robert Carper in a wooden sided, bronze framed picture box. It has a bronze clasp and detailed woodworking on the box. There are also two photographs of the daguerreotype.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nStudents purchased tickets to attend a professor's lectures as this was the common practice at medical schools in the 19th century. Each ticket admits Robert Carper to the lecture and is signed on the back by the instructor. The tickets include:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMidwifery and Diseases of Women and Children, Dr James H. Conway, Professor, Session 1859/60 and Session 1860/61\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSurgery and Surgical Anatomy, Dr. Charles Bell Gordon, Professor, Session 1859/60\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nInstitutes of Medicine, Dr. L.S. Joynes, Professor, Session 1860/61\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis notebook contains lecture notes written by Carper during his time at MCV. There is a passage commenting on exodus of southern medical students from Philadelphia in the wake of John Brown's execution in December 1859. It also includes family obituaries, pressed flowers, mementos, and notes written by Carper's brother and other family members after Carper's death.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection includes items related to Carper's time as a student at the Medical College of Virginia, a daguerreotype of Carper, and a lock of his hair.","Consists of two books: \n Military Laws  , By C. W. Gooch, 1820. There is a stamp of \"B. Carper\" on the front page. This book was a compilation of military laws, military medical and general knowledge involving the US Army of that time period. Printed by the Adjunct General's Office of Virginia.","A Pocket Formulary and Physician's Manual  , by Thomas S. Powell, MD, 1855. The book has markings in the section on medical ethics. It is an example of books at this time for field medical reference. It contains recipes and instructions.","This series contains a daguerreotype of Robert Carper in a wooden sided, bronze framed picture box. It has a bronze clasp and detailed woodworking on the box. There are also two photographs of the daguerreotype.","\nStudents purchased tickets to attend a professor's lectures as this was the common practice at medical schools in the 19th century. Each ticket admits Robert Carper to the lecture and is signed on the back by the instructor. The tickets include:","Midwifery and Diseases of Women and Children, Dr James H. Conway, Professor, Session 1859/60 and Session 1860/61\n","Surgery and Surgical Anatomy, Dr. Charles Bell Gordon, Professor, Session 1859/60\n","\nInstitutes of Medicine, Dr. L.S. Joynes, Professor, Session 1860/61","This notebook contains lecture notes written by Carper during his time at MCV. There is a passage commenting on exodus of southern medical students from Philadelphia in the wake of John Brown's execution in December 1859. It also includes family obituaries, pressed flowers, mementos, and notes written by Carper's brother and other family members after Carper's death."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo restrictions on use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["No restrictions on use."],"names_coll_ssim":["Medical College of Virginia -- Alumni and alumnae -- Archives","Confederate States of America. Army. Virginia Infantry Regiment, 11th","Carper, Robert B. (Robert Benjamin), 1836-1862 -- Archives"],"names_ssim":["VCU Health Sciences Library","Medical College of Virginia -- Alumni and alumnae -- Archives","Confederate States of America. Army. Virginia Infantry Regiment, 11th","Carper, Robert B. (Robert Benjamin), 1836-1862","Carper, Robert B. (Robert Benjamin), 1836-1862 -- Archives"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU Health Sciences Library","Medical College of Virginia -- Alumni and alumnae -- Archives","Confederate States of America. Army. Virginia Infantry Regiment, 11th"],"persname_ssim":["Carper, Robert B. (Robert Benjamin), 1836-1862","Carper, Robert B. (Robert Benjamin), 1836-1862 -- Archives"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":5,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T04:39:44.631Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_34","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_34","_root_":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_34","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_34","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_3_resources_34.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.library.vcu.edu/repositories/3/resources/34","title_filing_ssi":"Carper, Robert B., papers","title_ssm":["Robert B. Carper papers"],"title_tesim":["Robert B. Carper papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1820-1866"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1820-1866"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["83.Jun.09","/repositories/3/resources/34"],"text":["83.Jun.09","/repositories/3/resources/34","Robert B. Carper papers","Soldiers -- Confederate States of America","No restrictions on access.","Robert Benjamin Carper was born in Greenbrier, Virginia (now West Virginia) on 23 November 1836. The second of seven children, Carper graduated from the Medical College of Virginia in 1861. As a doctor he could have joined the Army as an officer, but he refused a commission. Instead, he joined the 11th Virginia Volunteers, known as the Fincastle Rifles, as an infantryman to be with his two brothers. After a one year enlistment, and in poor health, he reenlisted to stay with his brothers. Carper was injured in the Battle of Williamsburg on 5 May, 1862 and was sent to a hospital in Williamsburg where he died two weeks later on 19 May. He is buried in Williamsburg with his mother's family.","The collection includes items related to Carper's time as a student at the Medical College of Virginia, a daguerreotype of Carper, and a lock of his hair.","Consists of two books: \n Military Laws  , By C. W. Gooch, 1820. There is a stamp of \"B. Carper\" on the front page. This book was a compilation of military laws, military medical and general knowledge involving the US Army of that time period. Printed by the Adjunct General's Office of Virginia.","A Pocket Formulary and Physician's Manual  , by Thomas S. Powell, MD, 1855. The book has markings in the section on medical ethics. It is an example of books at this time for field medical reference. It contains recipes and instructions.","This series contains a daguerreotype of Robert Carper in a wooden sided, bronze framed picture box. It has a bronze clasp and detailed woodworking on the box. There are also two photographs of the daguerreotype.","\nStudents purchased tickets to attend a professor's lectures as this was the common practice at medical schools in the 19th century. Each ticket admits Robert Carper to the lecture and is signed on the back by the instructor. The tickets include:","Midwifery and Diseases of Women and Children, Dr James H. Conway, Professor, Session 1859/60 and Session 1860/61\n","Surgery and Surgical Anatomy, Dr. Charles Bell Gordon, Professor, Session 1859/60\n","\nInstitutes of Medicine, Dr. L.S. Joynes, Professor, Session 1860/61","This notebook contains lecture notes written by Carper during his time at MCV. There is a passage commenting on exodus of southern medical students from Philadelphia in the wake of John Brown's execution in December 1859. It also includes family obituaries, pressed flowers, mementos, and notes written by Carper's brother and other family members after Carper's death.","No restrictions on use.","VCU Health Sciences Library","Medical College of Virginia -- Alumni and alumnae -- Archives","Confederate States of America. Army. Virginia Infantry Regiment, 11th","Carper, Robert B. (Robert Benjamin), 1836-1862","Carper, Robert B. (Robert Benjamin), 1836-1862 -- Archives","English"],"unitid_tesim":["83.Jun.09","/repositories/3/resources/34"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Robert B. Carper papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Robert B. Carper papers"],"collection_ssim":["Robert B. Carper papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Carper, Robert B. (Robert Benjamin), 1836-1862"],"creator_ssim":["Carper, Robert B. (Robert Benjamin), 1836-1862"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Carper, Robert B. (Robert Benjamin), 1836-1862"],"creators_ssim":["Carper, Robert B. (Robert Benjamin), 1836-1862"],"access_terms_ssm":["No restrictions on use."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Dr. William Bean from his family files."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Soldiers -- Confederate States of America"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Soldiers -- Confederate States of America"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.25 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["0.25 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo restrictions on access.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No restrictions on access."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRobert Benjamin Carper was born in Greenbrier, Virginia (now West Virginia) on 23 November 1836. The second of seven children, Carper graduated from the Medical College of Virginia in 1861. As a doctor he could have joined the Army as an officer, but he refused a commission. Instead, he joined the 11th Virginia Volunteers, known as the Fincastle Rifles, as an infantryman to be with his two brothers. After a one year enlistment, and in poor health, he reenlisted to stay with his brothers. Carper was injured in the Battle of Williamsburg on 5 May, 1862 and was sent to a hospital in Williamsburg where he died two weeks later on 19 May. He is buried in Williamsburg with his mother's family.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Robert Benjamin Carper was born in Greenbrier, Virginia (now West Virginia) on 23 November 1836. The second of seven children, Carper graduated from the Medical College of Virginia in 1861. As a doctor he could have joined the Army as an officer, but he refused a commission. Instead, he joined the 11th Virginia Volunteers, known as the Fincastle Rifles, as an infantryman to be with his two brothers. After a one year enlistment, and in poor health, he reenlisted to stay with his brothers. Carper was injured in the Battle of Williamsburg on 5 May, 1862 and was sent to a hospital in Williamsburg where he died two weeks later on 19 May. He is buried in Williamsburg with his mother's family."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRobert B. Carper Collection, Accession #83/Jun/09, Special Collections and Archives, Health Sciences Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Robert B. Carper Collection, Accession #83/Jun/09, Special Collections and Archives, Health Sciences Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes items related to Carper's time as a student at the Medical College of Virginia, a daguerreotype of Carper, and a lock of his hair.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConsists of two books: \n\u003ctitle render=\"italic\" href=\"\" type=\"simple\"\u003eMilitary Laws \u003c/title\u003e, By C. W. Gooch, 1820. There is a stamp of \"B. Carper\" on the front page. This book was a compilation of military laws, military medical and general knowledge involving the US Army of that time period. Printed by the Adjunct General's Office of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\" href=\"\" type=\"simple\"\u003eA Pocket Formulary and Physician's Manual \u003c/title\u003e, by Thomas S. Powell, MD, 1855. The book has markings in the section on medical ethics. It is an example of books at this time for field medical reference. It contains recipes and instructions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains a daguerreotype of Robert Carper in a wooden sided, bronze framed picture box. It has a bronze clasp and detailed woodworking on the box. There are also two photographs of the daguerreotype.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nStudents purchased tickets to attend a professor's lectures as this was the common practice at medical schools in the 19th century. Each ticket admits Robert Carper to the lecture and is signed on the back by the instructor. The tickets include:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMidwifery and Diseases of Women and Children, Dr James H. Conway, Professor, Session 1859/60 and Session 1860/61\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSurgery and Surgical Anatomy, Dr. Charles Bell Gordon, Professor, Session 1859/60\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nInstitutes of Medicine, Dr. L.S. Joynes, Professor, Session 1860/61\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis notebook contains lecture notes written by Carper during his time at MCV. There is a passage commenting on exodus of southern medical students from Philadelphia in the wake of John Brown's execution in December 1859. It also includes family obituaries, pressed flowers, mementos, and notes written by Carper's brother and other family members after Carper's death.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection includes items related to Carper's time as a student at the Medical College of Virginia, a daguerreotype of Carper, and a lock of his hair.","Consists of two books: \n Military Laws  , By C. W. Gooch, 1820. There is a stamp of \"B. Carper\" on the front page. This book was a compilation of military laws, military medical and general knowledge involving the US Army of that time period. Printed by the Adjunct General's Office of Virginia.","A Pocket Formulary and Physician's Manual  , by Thomas S. Powell, MD, 1855. The book has markings in the section on medical ethics. It is an example of books at this time for field medical reference. It contains recipes and instructions.","This series contains a daguerreotype of Robert Carper in a wooden sided, bronze framed picture box. It has a bronze clasp and detailed woodworking on the box. There are also two photographs of the daguerreotype.","\nStudents purchased tickets to attend a professor's lectures as this was the common practice at medical schools in the 19th century. Each ticket admits Robert Carper to the lecture and is signed on the back by the instructor. The tickets include:","Midwifery and Diseases of Women and Children, Dr James H. Conway, Professor, Session 1859/60 and Session 1860/61\n","Surgery and Surgical Anatomy, Dr. Charles Bell Gordon, Professor, Session 1859/60\n","\nInstitutes of Medicine, Dr. L.S. Joynes, Professor, Session 1860/61","This notebook contains lecture notes written by Carper during his time at MCV. There is a passage commenting on exodus of southern medical students from Philadelphia in the wake of John Brown's execution in December 1859. It also includes family obituaries, pressed flowers, mementos, and notes written by Carper's brother and other family members after Carper's death."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo restrictions on use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["No restrictions on use."],"names_coll_ssim":["Medical College of Virginia -- Alumni and alumnae -- Archives","Confederate States of America. Army. Virginia Infantry Regiment, 11th","Carper, Robert B. 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(Robert Benjamin), 1836-1862 -- Archives"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":5,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T04:39:44.631Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_3_resources_34"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c14","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Series XIV: Art","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c14#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c14","ref_ssm":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c14"],"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c14","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","parent_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","parent_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_279"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_279"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"text":["Adele Goodman Clark papers","Series XIV: Art"],"title_filing_ssi":"Series XIV: Art","title_ssm":["Series XIV: Art"],"title_tesim":["Series XIV: Art"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["undated, 1850-1971"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1850/1971"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Series XIV: Art"],"component_level_isim":[1],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":10,"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"sort_isi":2555,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"date_range_isim":[1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971],"_nest_path_":"/components#13","timestamp":"2026-05-21T04:37:44.566Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_279.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Clark, Adele Goodman, papers","title_ssm":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"title_tesim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1849-1978"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1849-1978"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 9","/repositories/5/resources/279"],"text":["M 9","/repositories/5/resources/279","Adele Goodman Clark papers","Women -- Suffrage -- Virginia -- Richmond","Art -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond","Collection is open to research.","Series I--Correspondence and Family Materials (n.d., 1849-1971) ; Series II--Business/Civic Organization Correspondence (n.d., 1903-1971) ; Series III--Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV) (n.d., 1892-1926) ; Series IV: Richmond League of Women Voters (n.d., 1920- 1978) ; Series V--Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) (n.d., 1915-1967) ; Series VI--The League of Women Voters of Virginia (n.d., 1945-1970) ; Series VII--The National League of Women Voters (n.d., 1919-1947) ; Series VIII--League of Women Voters (n.d., 1946-1976) ; Series IX--Commission on Simplification of State and Local Government (n.d., 1921- 1927) ; Series X--Liberal Arts College for Women Commission (n.d., 1918-1938) ; Series XI--National Reemployment Service (n.d., 1925-1938) ; Series XII--Lila Meade Valentine memorial Association (n.d., 1921-1936) ; Series XIII--Religious Materials ; Series XIV--Art (n.d., 1850-1971) ; Series XV--Ephemera and Photographs (n.d., ca. 1850 - ca. 1970)","A founding member of the Virginia suffrage movement and a prominent supporter of the arts in Virginia, Adèle Goodman Clark (1882-1983) exemplified the influential role civically active women played in the major social reform movements of the twentieth century. Calling politics and art her \"creative spirits\", Clark was involved in a number of reform initiatives throughout her century of life that championed the rights of women and promoted the arts.","The second oldest daughter of Robert Clark (1832?-1906) and Estelle Goodman Clark (1847-1937), Adèle was born in Montgomery, Alabama on September 27, 1882. Before moving permanently to Richmond, the Clark family lived in New Orleans, LA, as well as the small town of Pass Christian, MS. It was in a one room school house in the latter town that Adèle developed a fondness for the arts. After her family moved to Richmond in 1894, Adèle enrolled in the Virginia Randolph Ellett School (now St. Catherine's). Adèle also studied art with Lilly M. Logan, who ran the art school at the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906 she was awarded a scholarship to the New York School of Fine and Applied Arts (the Chase School of Art), where she studied under Kenneth Hays Miller, Douglas Cannal, William M. Chase, and Robert Henri, leader of the \"Ash Can\" school of painting. Upon her return to Richmond, Clark began a teaching career at the Art Club of Richmond. It was here that Adèle began her long association and friendship with acclaimed Virginia artist, Nora Houston. When the Art Club of Richmond was dissolved in 1917, the women went on to establish The Atelier. Under their direction this private art studio, located adjacent to Clark's Chamberlayne Avenue residence, became a training ground for such noted Virginia artists as Edmund Archer, Eleanor Fry and Theresa Pollack (founder of the VCU School of the Arts). Two years later they founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, where they both held the title of artistic director. During this period, they participated in a fundraising campaign for the resurrection of the old Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. Their goal became a reality in 1930 when the new Richmond Academy of Arts, forerunner to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, was established on Capitol Street.*","Clark's interest in the suffrage movement began in 1909 when she was asked by novelist Ellen Glasgow to sign a petition calling for Virginia women to gain voting privileges. On November 27th of that year Clark, along with eighteen other civic-minded women, held a preliminary meeting to discuss the establishment of a state-wide suffrage organization. At this first meeting of what would become the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, Clark was elected secretary, a position she held for one year. She later helped direct legislative initiatives, organized suffrage rallies and went on speaking tours that helped establish new League chapters throughout the state. Clark also served for several years as chair of the ratification committee and head of the Equal Suffrage League lobby to the Virginia General Assembly.","After passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 (which was ratified by Virginia in 1952), the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia was transformed into the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV). For nearly two decades Clark played a major role in the VLWV.","Selected as the VLWV's first chair in 1920, Clark became president one year later. She held this position for eighteen years (nonconsecutively). Her work in the VLWV involved constant study of legislation involving social issues and governmental efficiency and administration. In 1924, Clark was elected to the board of the National League of Women Voters (NLWV) as Director of the Third Region. The region included Washington, D.C., Virginia, and six other southern states. The following year she was elected Second Vice President of the NLWV, in which capacity she served until the Spring of 1928. During that period Clark traveled to conventions in twenty-four states on speaking tours. Along with other officers of the NLWV she helped resolve league organizational problems.","In addition to her work for the VLWV and NLWV, Clark also served on two important state government commissions. In 1922, Governor E. Lee Trinkle appointed her to the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government, on which she served for two years as secretary of the Commission. In addition to performing the editorial and clerical work of the Commission, Clark also authored several of the chapters of the Commission's final report (January 1924) to the Virginia General Assembly. Four years later, Governor Harry F. Byrd, Jr. appointed Clark to the Liberal Arts College for Women Commission, on which she also served as secretary. The nine member Commission studied the feasibility of establishing a new liberal arts college for women in Virginia. The second report of the Commission (January 1930), which contained the \"set-up\" of the proposed college [now Mary Washington College?], was the product of research conducted by Clark with the assistance of Commission advisors.","Clark's strong commitment to higher education was exemplified in several other ways. From March - September, 1926, she served as the Social Director of women students at the College of William and Mary. She was also instrumental in the establishment of citizenship courses for women through the University of Virginia's Extension Division. The courses were designed to educate women about the intricacies of governmental institutions.","During the New Deal era, Clark distinguished herself in two important agencies. In 1933, she was selected as a field supervisor for the National Reemployment Service (NRS). Along with the state reemployment director and other field staff, she assisted in the organization of local reemployment offices throughout Virginia. After stepping down as field supervisor for the NRS, Clark became the Virginia Arts Project Director of the Work Projects Administration (WPA). This particular branch of the WPA was created to provide employment opportunities for artists in Virginia. In addition to producing murals for public buildings, artists employed by the WPA executed hundreds of paintings that were then distributed to local and state tax-supported institutions for display. One major accomplishment during Clark's tenure at the WPA was the establishment of new art galleries, such as the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap.","In the later years of her life, Adèle Clark remained active in the Richmond community. After converting to Roman Catholicism in 1942, Clark utilized her political experience as a member of the Richmond Diocesan Council of Catholic Women (RDCCW). From 1949 to 1959 she served as the chair of the RDCCW's Legislative Committee. Clark also continued to speak out against a number of issues affecting women, such as the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment and abortion.","Clark remained an active supporter of the Richmond art community. From 1941 to 1964 she was a member of the Virginia Arts Commission. The Commission helped to produce many of the murals and portraits displayed in state government buildings that depict the history of Virginia. Moreover, Clark's dedication to the teaching of art did not wane in these later years. She taught art to both the young and old in hospitals, schools and church classrooms. She also continued to enjoy creating her own artworks. Clark's paintings, mostly portraits and landscapes, have been exhibited in several states. One of her paintings, \"The Cherry Tree\", is in the permanent collection of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.","Clark had a unique perspective on the influence of art on her political ideology. She once stated, \"I've always tried to combine my interest in art with my interest in government. I think we ought to have more of the creative and imaginative in politics.\"","Adèle Clark died at the age of 100 on June 5, 1983.","[Information from newspaper accounts and the Adèle Goodman Clark Papers.]","Teacher of Organization and Parliamentary Law at Suffrage School","Chairman, Committee on Uniform Laws Concerning Women, Chicago, ILL","Chairman of the Committee on International Cooperation to Prevent War, of the NLWV, Miss Morgan was also President of the Colony Club of New York","The Adèle Goodman Clark papers document the life and activities of Miss Clark (1882-1983) throughout her adult life, as well as those of her closest friends and relatives. Miss Clark was a member of a small group of civically active Richmond women whose names appear throughout the collection. Of particular note are members of Clark's family, Edith Clark Cowles, Willoughby Ions, and friends Roberta Wellford, Lila Meade Valentine, Lucy Randolph Mason, Ida Mae Thompson, Eudora W. Ramsay Richardson, Nora Houston and Josephine Houston. A list and chart describing the family relationships follows the Series Description and Arrangement, which specifically details the arrangement of the collection and highlights areas of particular significance within each series.","The collection is comprised of five major components, each with its own depth of coverage, usually dependent upon the length of Clark's involvement. The first major component of the collection contains materials pertaining to the Clark and Houston families with their multiple activities, responsibilities and affiliations. The documents in this section include the personal correspondence of Adèle Clark, Nora Houston, and members of both the Clark and Houston families. Correspondence from Estelle Goodman Clark, Cely \"Nainaine\" Ions, and Estelle Adèle Goodman","Willoughby Ions provide a richly detailed account of the more significant events within the Clark-Ions family. Also included is personal, business, and legal correspondence between members of the Goodman family, predating the Civil War, and personal correspondence to Clark and Nora Houston from close friends and associates such as Cornelia Adair, T. Bowyer Campbell, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon and Roberta Wellford. Additional family information is provided by legal and real estate correspondence, biographical sketches, family and genealogical histories, composition books, diaries, journals, and poetry by various members of the Clark and Houston families. Some items of significance include handwritten memoranda and notes, poems, short stories and other fictional material written by Adèle Clark during her lifetime. The Virginia Historical Society holds additional Clark family materials (see Appendices).","The collection also includes correspondence from businesses and civic organizations with which Clark, Edith Clark Cowles, and the Dooley/Houston family were affiliated during their lifetimes. A list of the more significant organizations includes the Virginia Society for Crippled Children and Handicapped Adults, Commission of Inter-Racial (or Interracial) Cooperation, Woodrow Wilson Foundation, National Consumers League, and Social Science Research Council-Committee on Public Administration. There is also correspondence from prominent local and state government officials that further document the political activities and biases of these women. Brochures, memoranda and publications from these organizations are scattered throughout the collection.","While the family correspondence provides information about Clark's early years, the greatest significance of the collection lies in its documentation of the activities of the suffrage movement, both locally and nationally. The collection is particularly strong in its representation of correspondence, reports, memoranda and publications reflecting the sentiments and political positions of both the pro- and anti- suffrage movement from 1913 until the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. A large portion of this segment also documents the actions of the post-suffragists in their work through the national, state and local chapters of the League of Women Voters (LWV). Clark's considerable role of participation in the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) in the first two decades of the organization provides an abundant amount of material chronicling the many social and political issues in which local and national LWV members were engaged. Although the documentation of the activities of the LWV continues well into the 1970s, the collection is not as strong for the later years as it is for the earlier period.","The suffrage materials, the second and largest component in the collection, are composed of documentation of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV), Richmond League of Women Voters, the VLWV, and the reorganized League of Women Voters of Virginia (LWVV). The ESLV materials includes correspondence, committee and financial memoranda, convention material, notes, reports and miscellaneous literature. There is a large quantity of outgoing correspondence created by the corresponding secretaries of the ESLV which pertains to the efforts of organizing local suffrage chapters throughout the state and between officers of the ESLV, state and national government officials. Also included is correspondence between ESLV President, Lila Meade Valentine, and women of significance within the suffrage movement including Carrie Chapman Catt, Anna Howard Shaw, Maud Wood Park and Kate Gordon. While there is a substantial amount of correspondence generated by the central office of the ESLV, between 1909-1912 there are some major gaps. A portion of this documentation for the early history of the ESLV can be found at the Library of Virginia (see Appendices). Throughout its eleven year existence, the ESLV compiled an enormous amount of literature on the suffrage movement published by the National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA), and other organizations. Materials generated by the movement and represented in this portion of the collection include petitions, photographs, enrollment cards, posters, suffrage maps, sashes and other ephemeral items. Additional publications have not been indexed but are available for research.","The bulk of the materials of the remaining suffrage organizations represented in the collection fall within a fourteen year time frame, 1920-1934, and includes President/Executive Secretary correspondence, bulletins, circulars, committee memoranda, and financial statements as well as records relating to the Virginia Cookery Book, the Governor's Ball and the citizenship courses sponsored by the VLWV. Clark also corresponded with the President of the NLWV and other officers in the national organization. The significant correspondents include Maud Wood Park, Belle Sherwin, Katherine Ludington, and Gertrude Ely. Incoming correspondence from prominent Virginia women such as Faith Morgan, Roberta Wellford, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon, Kate Waller Barrett, Mrs. John L. Lewis of Lynchburg, Mrs. John H. Lewis of Ashland, and Mrs C.E. [Jessie] Townsend of Norfolk can be found in both the President/Executive Correspondence files and the Board of Directors/Executive Committee/Standing Committees file of the VLWV.","The records of the VLWV document in great detail the legislative agenda over a fourteen year period. The VLWV materials contain correspondence, circulars, memoranda questionnaires and reports pertaining to the Children's Code Commission, Virginia Women's Council Legislative Chairman of State Organizations and other major committees of the VLWV; revealing which major pieces of legislation were of utmost concern to Clark and the VLWV. Like its predecessor, the VLWV collected a wide variety of literature from state, national and international organizations which championed a spectrum of causes of interest to Clark and her associates. These organizations include the League of Nations Association, National Council for the Prevention of War, National Women's Trade Union League of America, and Southern Council of Women and Children in Industry.","Documentation of the NLWV (1920-1945) and the later reorganized League of Woman Voters of Virginia (1946-presents) includes correspondence and memoranda produced by Clark as Second Vice President in charge of Legislation and Law Enforcement and Third Regional Director for the NLWV. In addition to correspondence, memoranda, minutes, notes and reports there are materials detailing her involvement in nationally sponsored speaking tours throughout several regions of the United States. Items from the national office consist of mimeographed Adèle Goodman Clark correspondence and memoranda, reports, press releases and various publications created by the major standing committees and departments of the NLWV. Clark's activity in both the state and national leagues diminished to a great extent after 1934. Records of the latter local, state and national organizations primarily consists of bulletins, newsletters, and other literature published and distributed by the organizations.","Clark was very involved in the commemoration of the contributions of Lila Meade Valentine to the suffrage movement. The collection contains the organizational records of the Lila Meade Valentine Memorial Association (1921-1937), which was established to raise money for a memorial tablet dedicated to Mrs. Valentine to be placed in the Capitol Building in Richmond. Much of the material consists of correspondence and memoranda between the association's chairperson, Adèle Clark and the individuals who contributed to the memorial fund. There is also correspondence between Clark and the sculptor chosen to produce the memorial tablet. Other material includes financial data, contributors lists, minutes, notes and reports documenting the association's fundraising activities.","The collection of materials related to state and national politics comprises the third major section of the Clark Papers. These materials include correspondence, memoranda, minutes, reports, statistical data, and literature generated by or related to the work of the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government (1921-1927) and the Liberal Arts College Commission (1918, 1929-1933). Material pertaining to both of these government commissions highlight the research and information gathering work undertaken by Clark and the members of these commissions before presentation of the final reports to the Virginia General Assembly. The collection also contains the annotated drafts and proofs of the reports in various stages of development. Correspondence, notes, reports and travel vouchers highlight Clark's duties as a NRS Field Supervisor and her involvement with the National Reemployment Service (1925-1937). Correspondence between Clark and the State Reemployment Director reveal the types of reemployment projects in which the NRS was actively engaged throughout the state. In addition, correspondence between Clark and other field staff demonstrate the extent to which Clark participated in managing local reemployment offices during her tenure with the NRS. Published reports, speeches, manuals, newspaper clippings and other ephemeral materials are also included.","The fourth area of interest of Adèle's, as reflected in the collection, was religion. Included here are the organizational records and personal items documenting the religious activities of Clark, Nora Houston, and several members of the Houston family. It should be noted that Clark was baptized and confirmed in the Episcopal Church and later became a devout Roman Catholic after Nora Houston's death in 1942. Included is correspondence between both women and various religious organizations, church leaflets, pamphlets and prayerbooks, periodicals and other items of a religious nature. Some of the organizations with which Clark and Houston corresponded include the Catholic Woman's Club, National Council of Catholic Women, National Conference on Christians and Jews, and Catholic Daughters of America. Beth Ahabah Museum and Archives holds other materials of a religious nature relating to the Goodman family.","The final component of the collection, second in size only to that of the suffrage and voting rights material, is that of art, particularly art in Virginia. An artist by training, Adèle Clark worked ceaselessly for increased public awareness of the traditions and richness of art within the Commonwealth. To this end, the collection documents the contributions of Clark and her colleagues in the following endeavors: the Art Club of Richmond, Atelier, Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, Richmond Academy of Arts, Virginia Arts Commission, and Works Project Administration-Federal Arts Project. In addition to containing the correspondence relating to the operations of these organizations, the records also contain memoranda, minutes and reports of committees, and materials on exhibitions sponsored by these organizations. Of particular significance are the records of the Academy Committee of the Art Club that document the committee's role in attempting to resurrect the arts academy. Materials relating to the WPA and the Virginia Arts Commission emphasize Clark's substantial role in making the public a more active player in the promotion of the arts. Clark's monthly and narrative reports on several WPA art galleries, as well as data on the Index of American Design, provide a detailed account of the variety of art projects the WPA underwrote in Virginia.","The collection also contains a range of art and art school publications, art supply advertisements, catalogs, exhibition bulletins and notices from local and national art institutions. A small number of drawings, sketches and miscellaneous artwork created by Adèle Clark, Nora Houston and other artists are also represented. Some of the more notable pieces include Clark's original lithograph \"Richmond Market at Christmas\", copies of Nora Houston's house sketches and artwork produced by children of various ages. Lastly there are numerous kinds of illustrations and reproductions that Clark and Houston utilized in their art classes.","Significant portions of the collection are in fragile condition, particularly newspaper clippings and photographs. Reference copies of the photographs are available for use. A large portion of the clippings have been photocopied and the process will continue as time and staff permit.","Special Collections has also purchased suffrage and related materials. Please ask a staffmember for information about these supporting items.","Relationship: Adèle Clark's cousins.","Relationship: Mother of Adèle Clark. Nicknames include \"Dree,\" \"Muzzie,\" and \"Pouncey.\"","Relationship: Father of Adèle Clarke.","Relationship: Father of Julius D. Cowles who was married to Adèle Clark's sister Edith.","Relationship: Older sister to Adèle Clarke, married to Julius \"Jules\" D. Cowles, her nicknames include \"Baby,\" \"Deetie,\" and \"Binn.\"","Relationship: Adèle Clarke's neice, daughter of Edith and Julius Cowles, married to James Cox.","Relationship: Younger sister of Adèle Clarke, married to G. Frank Dew, her nicknames include \"Trudie,\" Trudee,\" and \"Teedee.\"","Relationship: Maternal uncle to Adèle Clark.","Relationship: Maternal aunt of Adèle Clark.","Relationship: Cousin related to the Clarke family.","Relationship: Maternal aunt of Adèle Clarke and her godmother, married to Robert Ions. Also nicknamed \"Nainaine.\"","Relationship: Adèle's cousin, daughter of Cely and Robert Ions. She went by the name Willoughby.","Relationship: Sister of Robert Ions.","Relationship: Adèle Clarke's uncle, married to Cecile \"Cely\" Goodman Ions. Nicknames include \"Godpa\" and \"Berto.\"","Relationship: Adèle Clark's cousin.","Relationship: Adèle Clark's cousin.","Relationship: Sister of Alice Dooley and Mary Dooley Jones.","Relationship: friend of Adèle, became a priest in the Episcopal Church.","Relationship: Estelle Goodman Clark's brother.","Relationship: Adèle's cousin, son of Cely and Robert Ions.","Relationship: Sister of Josephine Dooley Houston and Mary Dooley Jones.","Relationship: Cousin of Alice Dooley.","Relationship: Daughter of Josephine and Henry Houston.","Relationship: Sister of Alice Dooley and Josephine Dooley Houston.","[merged with the restored Academy in the spring of 1930]","[grew out of the Atelier and later merged with the Academy]","Includes children's art work, art club material, instructional material; Japanese print.","Two labeled \"Class Room Building--State Teacher's College, Farmville, Virginia--Frank F. Stone Architect, Roanoke, Virginia, July 10, 1944\"; a third blue print labeled \"Improvements to Employees Cottage as suggested by Art Commission, May 5, 1944\"; fourth labeled \"Temporary Employee Cottage, Division of the Budget, March 29, 1944\";drawing for inscription of building \"Julian H. Burruss Hall\" labeled \"Teaching and Admin. Building, Va. Polytechnic Inst., Blacksburg, VA - Carneal, Johnston \u0026 Wright Architects \u0026 Engineers, Richmond, Virginia.\"","Various institutions to Benjamin Franklin Dew Jr., 1930s-1940s.","Entitled \"Proposed Store For Mr. S.W. Farran - Designed by W.R. Snapp, 1107 Penn St. N.E.\"","Capitol Area of Richmond, undated; Map of Richmond and Environs, Department of Public Works, 1923; Drawn map of Richmond's North Side.","Depicts status of women's suffrage (framed and fragile).","Suffrage era map - \"The Woman Voter and the next President of the United States\" - showing which states women can vote and which ones women cannot vote.","All with heading of the Virginia League of Woman Voters and labeled as follows: Congressional Districts Organized; Counties having some form of organization; Counties and cities holding citizenship schools; Virginia League of Women voters organized November 10, 1920; Number of Leagues organized; and one unlabeled.","Large flyer on which states have compulsory school attendance, 1921; map of Virginia by Virginia Department of Agriculture and Immigration; a chart compiled by Lucia R. Maxwell on International Socialism 1922-1923, showing various woman's organizations; poster of Anchor Line Twin Screw Geared Turbine Steamer named the \"California\"; Centennial Memorial of United States--Declaration of Independence, published by Baltimore and Ohio Railroad; Victory Liberty Loan poster; anti-war poster; poster of mechanized man and horse; Virginia Society for Human Life poster; League of Women Voters poster \"Vote\" (2 posters); sheet music: \"Votes for Women\" - Suffrage Rallying Song.","(includes items on women's suffrage; voting habits; a  Richmond News-Leader,  Suffrage Supplement, and an article on paintings at Richmond Woman's Club; an article by Adèle Clark; several pages of the  Richmond Times-Dispatch,   November 2, 1933 about the Community Fund; Atlanta Journal, June 12, 1919 article on U.S. Senate passing suffrage amendment; front page of  Richmond Times-Dispatch,   January 1, 1929, article on what Virginia leaders would like to see in 1929, includes article by Adèle Clark.","Majority of the photographs are from the Equal Suffrage League or Virginia League of Women Voters' events. All of these photographs have been reproduced and can be found elsewhere in Series XVII.","Two different posters on the prevention of war; a Department of the Interior, Bureau of Education poster entitled \"How and Why to Stand Correctly\" 1918; a draft version of a poster by the Equal Suffrage League with typewritten history of suffrage in Virginia and the printed finished copy.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives","English"],"unitid_tesim":["M 9","/repositories/5/resources/279"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"collection_ssim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"creator_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"creators_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women -- Suffrage -- Virginia -- Richmond","Art -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women -- Suffrage -- Virginia -- Richmond","Art -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["128 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["128 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Restrictions on Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I--Correspondence and Family Materials (n.d., 1849-1971) ; Series II--Business/Civic Organization Correspondence (n.d., 1903-1971) ; Series III--Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV) (n.d., 1892-1926) ; Series IV: Richmond League of Women Voters (n.d., 1920- 1978) ; Series V--Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) (n.d., 1915-1967) ; Series VI--The League of Women Voters of Virginia (n.d., 1945-1970) ; Series VII--The National League of Women Voters (n.d., 1919-1947) ; Series VIII--League of Women Voters (n.d., 1946-1976) ; Series IX--Commission on Simplification of State and Local Government (n.d., 1921- 1927) ; Series X--Liberal Arts College for Women Commission (n.d., 1918-1938) ; Series XI--National Reemployment Service (n.d., 1925-1938) ; Series XII--Lila Meade Valentine memorial Association (n.d., 1921-1936) ; Series XIII--Religious Materials ; Series XIV--Art (n.d., 1850-1971) ; Series XV--Ephemera and Photographs (n.d., ca. 1850 - ca. 1970)\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series I--Correspondence and Family Materials (n.d., 1849-1971) ; Series II--Business/Civic Organization Correspondence (n.d., 1903-1971) ; Series III--Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV) (n.d., 1892-1926) ; Series IV: Richmond League of Women Voters (n.d., 1920- 1978) ; Series V--Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) (n.d., 1915-1967) ; Series VI--The League of Women Voters of Virginia (n.d., 1945-1970) ; Series VII--The National League of Women Voters (n.d., 1919-1947) ; Series VIII--League of Women Voters (n.d., 1946-1976) ; Series IX--Commission on Simplification of State and Local Government (n.d., 1921- 1927) ; Series X--Liberal Arts College for Women Commission (n.d., 1918-1938) ; Series XI--National Reemployment Service (n.d., 1925-1938) ; Series XII--Lila Meade Valentine memorial Association (n.d., 1921-1936) ; Series XIII--Religious Materials ; Series XIV--Art (n.d., 1850-1971) ; Series XV--Ephemera and Photographs (n.d., ca. 1850 - ca. 1970)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA founding member of the Virginia suffrage movement and a prominent supporter of the arts in Virginia, Adèle Goodman Clark (1882-1983) exemplified the influential role civically active women played in the major social reform movements of the twentieth century. Calling politics and art her \"creative spirits\", Clark was involved in a number of reform initiatives throughout her century of life that championed the rights of women and promoted the arts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe second oldest daughter of Robert Clark (1832?-1906) and Estelle Goodman Clark (1847-1937), Adèle was born in Montgomery, Alabama on September 27, 1882. Before moving permanently to Richmond, the Clark family lived in New Orleans, LA, as well as the small town of Pass Christian, MS. It was in a one room school house in the latter town that Adèle developed a fondness for the arts. After her family moved to Richmond in 1894, Adèle enrolled in the Virginia Randolph Ellett School (now St. Catherine's). Adèle also studied art with Lilly M. Logan, who ran the art school at the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906 she was awarded a scholarship to the New York School of Fine and Applied Arts (the Chase School of Art), where she studied under Kenneth Hays Miller, Douglas Cannal, William M. Chase, and Robert Henri, leader of the \"Ash Can\" school of painting. Upon her return to Richmond, Clark began a teaching career at the Art Club of Richmond. It was here that Adèle began her long association and friendship with acclaimed Virginia artist, Nora Houston. When the Art Club of Richmond was dissolved in 1917, the women went on to establish The Atelier. Under their direction this private art studio, located adjacent to Clark's Chamberlayne Avenue residence, became a training ground for such noted Virginia artists as Edmund Archer, Eleanor Fry and Theresa Pollack (founder of the VCU School of the Arts). Two years later they founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, where they both held the title of artistic director. During this period, they participated in a fundraising campaign for the resurrection of the old Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. Their goal became a reality in 1930 when the new Richmond Academy of Arts, forerunner to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, was established on Capitol Street.*\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClark's interest in the suffrage movement began in 1909 when she was asked by novelist Ellen Glasgow to sign a petition calling for Virginia women to gain voting privileges. On November 27th of that year Clark, along with eighteen other civic-minded women, held a preliminary meeting to discuss the establishment of a state-wide suffrage organization. At this first meeting of what would become the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, Clark was elected secretary, a position she held for one year. She later helped direct legislative initiatives, organized suffrage rallies and went on speaking tours that helped establish new League chapters throughout the state. Clark also served for several years as chair of the ratification committee and head of the Equal Suffrage League lobby to the Virginia General Assembly.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 (which was ratified by Virginia in 1952), the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia was transformed into the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV). For nearly two decades Clark played a major role in the VLWV.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSelected as the VLWV's first chair in 1920, Clark became president one year later. She held this position for eighteen years (nonconsecutively). Her work in the VLWV involved constant study of legislation involving social issues and governmental efficiency and administration. In 1924, Clark was elected to the board of the National League of Women Voters (NLWV) as Director of the Third Region. The region included Washington, D.C., Virginia, and six other southern states. The following year she was elected Second Vice President of the NLWV, in which capacity she served until the Spring of 1928. During that period Clark traveled to conventions in twenty-four states on speaking tours. Along with other officers of the NLWV she helped resolve league organizational problems.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to her work for the VLWV and NLWV, Clark also served on two important state government commissions. In 1922, Governor E. Lee Trinkle appointed her to the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government, on which she served for two years as secretary of the Commission. In addition to performing the editorial and clerical work of the Commission, Clark also authored several of the chapters of the Commission's final report (January 1924) to the Virginia General Assembly. Four years later, Governor Harry F. Byrd, Jr. appointed Clark to the Liberal Arts College for Women Commission, on which she also served as secretary. The nine member Commission studied the feasibility of establishing a new liberal arts college for women in Virginia. The second report of the Commission (January 1930), which contained the \"set-up\" of the proposed college [now Mary Washington College?], was the product of research conducted by Clark with the assistance of Commission advisors.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClark's strong commitment to higher education was exemplified in several other ways. From March - September, 1926, she served as the Social Director of women students at the College of William and Mary. She was also instrumental in the establishment of citizenship courses for women through the University of Virginia's Extension Division. The courses were designed to educate women about the intricacies of governmental institutions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDuring the New Deal era, Clark distinguished herself in two important agencies. In 1933, she was selected as a field supervisor for the National Reemployment Service (NRS). Along with the state reemployment director and other field staff, she assisted in the organization of local reemployment offices throughout Virginia. After stepping down as field supervisor for the NRS, Clark became the Virginia Arts Project Director of the Work Projects Administration (WPA). This particular branch of the WPA was created to provide employment opportunities for artists in Virginia. In addition to producing murals for public buildings, artists employed by the WPA executed hundreds of paintings that were then distributed to local and state tax-supported institutions for display. One major accomplishment during Clark's tenure at the WPA was the establishment of new art galleries, such as the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn the later years of her life, Adèle Clark remained active in the Richmond community. After converting to Roman Catholicism in 1942, Clark utilized her political experience as a member of the Richmond Diocesan Council of Catholic Women (RDCCW). From 1949 to 1959 she served as the chair of the RDCCW's Legislative Committee. Clark also continued to speak out against a number of issues affecting women, such as the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment and abortion.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClark remained an active supporter of the Richmond art community. From 1941 to 1964 she was a member of the Virginia Arts Commission. The Commission helped to produce many of the murals and portraits displayed in state government buildings that depict the history of Virginia. Moreover, Clark's dedication to the teaching of art did not wane in these later years. She taught art to both the young and old in hospitals, schools and church classrooms. She also continued to enjoy creating her own artworks. Clark's paintings, mostly portraits and landscapes, have been exhibited in several states. One of her paintings, \"The Cherry Tree\", is in the permanent collection of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClark had a unique perspective on the influence of art on her political ideology. She once stated, \"I've always tried to combine my interest in art with my interest in government. I think we ought to have more of the creative and imaginative in politics.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAdèle Clark died at the age of 100 on June 5, 1983.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e[Information from newspaper accounts and the Adèle Goodman Clark Papers.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTeacher of Organization and Parliamentary Law at Suffrage School\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChairman, Committee on Uniform Laws Concerning Women, Chicago, ILL\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChairman of the Committee on International Cooperation to Prevent War, of the NLWV, Miss Morgan was also President of the Colony Club of New York\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["A founding member of the Virginia suffrage movement and a prominent supporter of the arts in Virginia, Adèle Goodman Clark (1882-1983) exemplified the influential role civically active women played in the major social reform movements of the twentieth century. Calling politics and art her \"creative spirits\", Clark was involved in a number of reform initiatives throughout her century of life that championed the rights of women and promoted the arts.","The second oldest daughter of Robert Clark (1832?-1906) and Estelle Goodman Clark (1847-1937), Adèle was born in Montgomery, Alabama on September 27, 1882. Before moving permanently to Richmond, the Clark family lived in New Orleans, LA, as well as the small town of Pass Christian, MS. It was in a one room school house in the latter town that Adèle developed a fondness for the arts. After her family moved to Richmond in 1894, Adèle enrolled in the Virginia Randolph Ellett School (now St. Catherine's). Adèle also studied art with Lilly M. Logan, who ran the art school at the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906 she was awarded a scholarship to the New York School of Fine and Applied Arts (the Chase School of Art), where she studied under Kenneth Hays Miller, Douglas Cannal, William M. Chase, and Robert Henri, leader of the \"Ash Can\" school of painting. Upon her return to Richmond, Clark began a teaching career at the Art Club of Richmond. It was here that Adèle began her long association and friendship with acclaimed Virginia artist, Nora Houston. When the Art Club of Richmond was dissolved in 1917, the women went on to establish The Atelier. Under their direction this private art studio, located adjacent to Clark's Chamberlayne Avenue residence, became a training ground for such noted Virginia artists as Edmund Archer, Eleanor Fry and Theresa Pollack (founder of the VCU School of the Arts). Two years later they founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, where they both held the title of artistic director. During this period, they participated in a fundraising campaign for the resurrection of the old Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. Their goal became a reality in 1930 when the new Richmond Academy of Arts, forerunner to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, was established on Capitol Street.*","Clark's interest in the suffrage movement began in 1909 when she was asked by novelist Ellen Glasgow to sign a petition calling for Virginia women to gain voting privileges. On November 27th of that year Clark, along with eighteen other civic-minded women, held a preliminary meeting to discuss the establishment of a state-wide suffrage organization. At this first meeting of what would become the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, Clark was elected secretary, a position she held for one year. She later helped direct legislative initiatives, organized suffrage rallies and went on speaking tours that helped establish new League chapters throughout the state. Clark also served for several years as chair of the ratification committee and head of the Equal Suffrage League lobby to the Virginia General Assembly.","After passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 (which was ratified by Virginia in 1952), the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia was transformed into the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV). For nearly two decades Clark played a major role in the VLWV.","Selected as the VLWV's first chair in 1920, Clark became president one year later. She held this position for eighteen years (nonconsecutively). Her work in the VLWV involved constant study of legislation involving social issues and governmental efficiency and administration. In 1924, Clark was elected to the board of the National League of Women Voters (NLWV) as Director of the Third Region. The region included Washington, D.C., Virginia, and six other southern states. The following year she was elected Second Vice President of the NLWV, in which capacity she served until the Spring of 1928. During that period Clark traveled to conventions in twenty-four states on speaking tours. Along with other officers of the NLWV she helped resolve league organizational problems.","In addition to her work for the VLWV and NLWV, Clark also served on two important state government commissions. In 1922, Governor E. Lee Trinkle appointed her to the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government, on which she served for two years as secretary of the Commission. In addition to performing the editorial and clerical work of the Commission, Clark also authored several of the chapters of the Commission's final report (January 1924) to the Virginia General Assembly. Four years later, Governor Harry F. Byrd, Jr. appointed Clark to the Liberal Arts College for Women Commission, on which she also served as secretary. The nine member Commission studied the feasibility of establishing a new liberal arts college for women in Virginia. The second report of the Commission (January 1930), which contained the \"set-up\" of the proposed college [now Mary Washington College?], was the product of research conducted by Clark with the assistance of Commission advisors.","Clark's strong commitment to higher education was exemplified in several other ways. From March - September, 1926, she served as the Social Director of women students at the College of William and Mary. She was also instrumental in the establishment of citizenship courses for women through the University of Virginia's Extension Division. The courses were designed to educate women about the intricacies of governmental institutions.","During the New Deal era, Clark distinguished herself in two important agencies. In 1933, she was selected as a field supervisor for the National Reemployment Service (NRS). Along with the state reemployment director and other field staff, she assisted in the organization of local reemployment offices throughout Virginia. After stepping down as field supervisor for the NRS, Clark became the Virginia Arts Project Director of the Work Projects Administration (WPA). This particular branch of the WPA was created to provide employment opportunities for artists in Virginia. In addition to producing murals for public buildings, artists employed by the WPA executed hundreds of paintings that were then distributed to local and state tax-supported institutions for display. One major accomplishment during Clark's tenure at the WPA was the establishment of new art galleries, such as the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap.","In the later years of her life, Adèle Clark remained active in the Richmond community. After converting to Roman Catholicism in 1942, Clark utilized her political experience as a member of the Richmond Diocesan Council of Catholic Women (RDCCW). From 1949 to 1959 she served as the chair of the RDCCW's Legislative Committee. Clark also continued to speak out against a number of issues affecting women, such as the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment and abortion.","Clark remained an active supporter of the Richmond art community. From 1941 to 1964 she was a member of the Virginia Arts Commission. The Commission helped to produce many of the murals and portraits displayed in state government buildings that depict the history of Virginia. Moreover, Clark's dedication to the teaching of art did not wane in these later years. She taught art to both the young and old in hospitals, schools and church classrooms. She also continued to enjoy creating her own artworks. Clark's paintings, mostly portraits and landscapes, have been exhibited in several states. One of her paintings, \"The Cherry Tree\", is in the permanent collection of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.","Clark had a unique perspective on the influence of art on her political ideology. She once stated, \"I've always tried to combine my interest in art with my interest in government. I think we ought to have more of the creative and imaginative in politics.\"","Adèle Clark died at the age of 100 on June 5, 1983.","[Information from newspaper accounts and the Adèle Goodman Clark Papers.]","Teacher of Organization and Parliamentary Law at Suffrage School","Chairman, Committee on Uniform Laws Concerning Women, Chicago, ILL","Chairman of the Committee on International Cooperation to Prevent War, of the NLWV, Miss Morgan was also President of the Colony Club of New York"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdele Goodman Clark papers, Collection # M 9, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers, Collection # M 9, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Adèle Goodman Clark papers document the life and activities of Miss Clark (1882-1983) throughout her adult life, as well as those of her closest friends and relatives. Miss Clark was a member of a small group of civically active Richmond women whose names appear throughout the collection. Of particular note are members of Clark's family, Edith Clark Cowles, Willoughby Ions, and friends Roberta Wellford, Lila Meade Valentine, Lucy Randolph Mason, Ida Mae Thompson, Eudora W. Ramsay Richardson, Nora Houston and Josephine Houston. A list and chart describing the family relationships follows the Series Description and Arrangement, which specifically details the arrangement of the collection and highlights areas of particular significance within each series.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection is comprised of five major components, each with its own depth of coverage, usually dependent upon the length of Clark's involvement. The first major component of the collection contains materials pertaining to the Clark and Houston families with their multiple activities, responsibilities and affiliations. The documents in this section include the personal correspondence of Adèle Clark, Nora Houston, and members of both the Clark and Houston families. Correspondence from Estelle Goodman Clark, Cely \"Nainaine\" Ions, and Estelle Adèle Goodman\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilloughby Ions provide a richly detailed account of the more significant events within the Clark-Ions family. Also included is personal, business, and legal correspondence between members of the Goodman family, predating the Civil War, and personal correspondence to Clark and Nora Houston from close friends and associates such as Cornelia Adair, T. Bowyer Campbell, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon and Roberta Wellford. Additional family information is provided by legal and real estate correspondence, biographical sketches, family and genealogical histories, composition books, diaries, journals, and poetry by various members of the Clark and Houston families. Some items of significance include handwritten memoranda and notes, poems, short stories and other fictional material written by Adèle Clark during her lifetime. The Virginia Historical Society holds additional Clark family materials (see Appendices).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also includes correspondence from businesses and civic organizations with which Clark, Edith Clark Cowles, and the Dooley/Houston family were affiliated during their lifetimes. A list of the more significant organizations includes the Virginia Society for Crippled Children and Handicapped Adults, Commission of Inter-Racial (or Interracial) Cooperation, Woodrow Wilson Foundation, National Consumers League, and Social Science Research Council-Committee on Public Administration. There is also correspondence from prominent local and state government officials that further document the political activities and biases of these women. Brochures, memoranda and publications from these organizations are scattered throughout the collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhile the family correspondence provides information about Clark's early years, the greatest significance of the collection lies in its documentation of the activities of the suffrage movement, both locally and nationally. The collection is particularly strong in its representation of correspondence, reports, memoranda and publications reflecting the sentiments and political positions of both the pro- and anti- suffrage movement from 1913 until the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. A large portion of this segment also documents the actions of the post-suffragists in their work through the national, state and local chapters of the League of Women Voters (LWV). Clark's considerable role of participation in the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) in the first two decades of the organization provides an abundant amount of material chronicling the many social and political issues in which local and national LWV members were engaged. Although the documentation of the activities of the LWV continues well into the 1970s, the collection is not as strong for the later years as it is for the earlier period.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe suffrage materials, the second and largest component in the collection, are composed of documentation of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV), Richmond League of Women Voters, the VLWV, and the reorganized League of Women Voters of Virginia (LWVV). The ESLV materials includes correspondence, committee and financial memoranda, convention material, notes, reports and miscellaneous literature. There is a large quantity of outgoing correspondence created by the corresponding secretaries of the ESLV which pertains to the efforts of organizing local suffrage chapters throughout the state and between officers of the ESLV, state and national government officials. Also included is correspondence between ESLV President, Lila Meade Valentine, and women of significance within the suffrage movement including Carrie Chapman Catt, Anna Howard Shaw, Maud Wood Park and Kate Gordon. While there is a substantial amount of correspondence generated by the central office of the ESLV, between 1909-1912 there are some major gaps. A portion of this documentation for the early history of the ESLV can be found at the Library of Virginia (see Appendices). Throughout its eleven year existence, the ESLV compiled an enormous amount of literature on the suffrage movement published by the National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA), and other organizations. Materials generated by the movement and represented in this portion of the collection include petitions, photographs, enrollment cards, posters, suffrage maps, sashes and other ephemeral items. Additional publications have not been indexed but are available for research.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the materials of the remaining suffrage organizations represented in the collection fall within a fourteen year time frame, 1920-1934, and includes President/Executive Secretary correspondence, bulletins, circulars, committee memoranda, and financial statements as well as records relating to the Virginia Cookery Book, the Governor's Ball and the citizenship courses sponsored by the VLWV. Clark also corresponded with the President of the NLWV and other officers in the national organization. The significant correspondents include Maud Wood Park, Belle Sherwin, Katherine Ludington, and Gertrude Ely. Incoming correspondence from prominent Virginia women such as Faith Morgan, Roberta Wellford, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon, Kate Waller Barrett, Mrs. John L. Lewis of Lynchburg, Mrs. John H. Lewis of Ashland, and Mrs C.E. [Jessie] Townsend of Norfolk can be found in both the President/Executive Correspondence files and the Board of Directors/Executive Committee/Standing Committees file of the VLWV.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe records of the VLWV document in great detail the legislative agenda over a fourteen year period. The VLWV materials contain correspondence, circulars, memoranda questionnaires and reports pertaining to the Children's Code Commission, Virginia Women's Council Legislative Chairman of State Organizations and other major committees of the VLWV; revealing which major pieces of legislation were of utmost concern to Clark and the VLWV. Like its predecessor, the VLWV collected a wide variety of literature from state, national and international organizations which championed a spectrum of causes of interest to Clark and her associates. These organizations include the League of Nations Association, National Council for the Prevention of War, National Women's Trade Union League of America, and Southern Council of Women and Children in Industry.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDocumentation of the NLWV (1920-1945) and the later reorganized League of Woman Voters of Virginia (1946-presents) includes correspondence and memoranda produced by Clark as Second Vice President in charge of Legislation and Law Enforcement and Third Regional Director for the NLWV. In addition to correspondence, memoranda, minutes, notes and reports there are materials detailing her involvement in nationally sponsored speaking tours throughout several regions of the United States. Items from the national office consist of mimeographed Adèle Goodman Clark correspondence and memoranda, reports, press releases and various publications created by the major standing committees and departments of the NLWV. Clark's activity in both the state and national leagues diminished to a great extent after 1934. Records of the latter local, state and national organizations primarily consists of bulletins, newsletters, and other literature published and distributed by the organizations.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClark was very involved in the commemoration of the contributions of Lila Meade Valentine to the suffrage movement. The collection contains the organizational records of the Lila Meade Valentine Memorial Association (1921-1937), which was established to raise money for a memorial tablet dedicated to Mrs. Valentine to be placed in the Capitol Building in Richmond. Much of the material consists of correspondence and memoranda between the association's chairperson, Adèle Clark and the individuals who contributed to the memorial fund. There is also correspondence between Clark and the sculptor chosen to produce the memorial tablet. Other material includes financial data, contributors lists, minutes, notes and reports documenting the association's fundraising activities.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection of materials related to state and national politics comprises the third major section of the Clark Papers. These materials include correspondence, memoranda, minutes, reports, statistical data, and literature generated by or related to the work of the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government (1921-1927) and the Liberal Arts College Commission (1918, 1929-1933). Material pertaining to both of these government commissions highlight the research and information gathering work undertaken by Clark and the members of these commissions before presentation of the final reports to the Virginia General Assembly. The collection also contains the annotated drafts and proofs of the reports in various stages of development. Correspondence, notes, reports and travel vouchers highlight Clark's duties as a NRS Field Supervisor and her involvement with the National Reemployment Service (1925-1937). Correspondence between Clark and the State Reemployment Director reveal the types of reemployment projects in which the NRS was actively engaged throughout the state. In addition, correspondence between Clark and other field staff demonstrate the extent to which Clark participated in managing local reemployment offices during her tenure with the NRS. Published reports, speeches, manuals, newspaper clippings and other ephemeral materials are also included.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe fourth area of interest of Adèle's, as reflected in the collection, was religion. Included here are the organizational records and personal items documenting the religious activities of Clark, Nora Houston, and several members of the Houston family. It should be noted that Clark was baptized and confirmed in the Episcopal Church and later became a devout Roman Catholic after Nora Houston's death in 1942. Included is correspondence between both women and various religious organizations, church leaflets, pamphlets and prayerbooks, periodicals and other items of a religious nature. Some of the organizations with which Clark and Houston corresponded include the Catholic Woman's Club, National Council of Catholic Women, National Conference on Christians and Jews, and Catholic Daughters of America. Beth Ahabah Museum and Archives holds other materials of a religious nature relating to the Goodman family.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe final component of the collection, second in size only to that of the suffrage and voting rights material, is that of art, particularly art in Virginia. An artist by training, Adèle Clark worked ceaselessly for increased public awareness of the traditions and richness of art within the Commonwealth. To this end, the collection documents the contributions of Clark and her colleagues in the following endeavors: the Art Club of Richmond, Atelier, Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, Richmond Academy of Arts, Virginia Arts Commission, and Works Project Administration-Federal Arts Project. In addition to containing the correspondence relating to the operations of these organizations, the records also contain memoranda, minutes and reports of committees, and materials on exhibitions sponsored by these organizations. Of particular significance are the records of the Academy Committee of the Art Club that document the committee's role in attempting to resurrect the arts academy. Materials relating to the WPA and the Virginia Arts Commission emphasize Clark's substantial role in making the public a more active player in the promotion of the arts. Clark's monthly and narrative reports on several WPA art galleries, as well as data on the Index of American Design, provide a detailed account of the variety of art projects the WPA underwrote in Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also contains a range of art and art school publications, art supply advertisements, catalogs, exhibition bulletins and notices from local and national art institutions. A small number of drawings, sketches and miscellaneous artwork created by Adèle Clark, Nora Houston and other artists are also represented. Some of the more notable pieces include Clark's original lithograph \"Richmond Market at Christmas\", copies of Nora Houston's house sketches and artwork produced by children of various ages. Lastly there are numerous kinds of illustrations and reproductions that Clark and Houston utilized in their art classes.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSignificant portions of the collection are in fragile condition, particularly newspaper clippings and photographs. Reference copies of the photographs are available for use. A large portion of the clippings have been photocopied and the process will continue as time and staff permit.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections has also purchased suffrage and related materials. Please ask a staffmember for information about these supporting items.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle Clark's cousins.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Mother of Adèle Clark. Nicknames include \"Dree,\" \"Muzzie,\" and \"Pouncey.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Father of Adèle Clarke.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Father of Julius D. Cowles who was married to Adèle Clark's sister Edith.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Older sister to Adèle Clarke, married to Julius \"Jules\" D. Cowles, her nicknames include \"Baby,\" \"Deetie,\" and \"Binn.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle Clarke's neice, daughter of Edith and Julius Cowles, married to James Cox.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Younger sister of Adèle Clarke, married to G. Frank Dew, her nicknames include \"Trudie,\" Trudee,\" and \"Teedee.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Maternal uncle to Adèle Clark.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Maternal aunt of Adèle Clark.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Cousin related to the Clarke family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Maternal aunt of Adèle Clarke and her godmother, married to Robert Ions. Also nicknamed \"Nainaine.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle's cousin, daughter of Cely and Robert Ions. She went by the name Willoughby.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Sister of Robert Ions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle Clarke's uncle, married to Cecile \"Cely\" Goodman Ions. Nicknames include \"Godpa\" and \"Berto.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle Clark's cousin.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle Clark's cousin.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Sister of Alice Dooley and Mary Dooley Jones.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: friend of Adèle, became a priest in the Episcopal Church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Estelle Goodman Clark's brother.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle's cousin, son of Cely and Robert Ions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Sister of Josephine Dooley Houston and Mary Dooley Jones.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Cousin of Alice Dooley.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Daughter of Josephine and Henry Houston.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Sister of Alice Dooley and Josephine Dooley Houston.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[merged with the restored Academy in the spring of 1930]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[grew out of the Atelier and later merged with the Academy]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes children's art work, art club material, instructional material; Japanese print.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo labeled \"Class Room Building--State Teacher's College, Farmville, Virginia--Frank F. Stone Architect, Roanoke, Virginia, July 10, 1944\"; a third blue print labeled \"Improvements to Employees Cottage as suggested by Art Commission, May 5, 1944\"; fourth labeled \"Temporary Employee Cottage, Division of the Budget, March 29, 1944\";drawing for inscription of building \"Julian H. Burruss Hall\" labeled \"Teaching and Admin. Building, Va. Polytechnic Inst., Blacksburg, VA - Carneal, Johnston \u0026amp; Wright Architects \u0026amp; Engineers, Richmond, Virginia.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVarious institutions to Benjamin Franklin Dew Jr., 1930s-1940s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEntitled \"Proposed Store For Mr. S.W. Farran - Designed by W.R. Snapp, 1107 Penn St. N.E.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCapitol Area of Richmond, undated; Map of Richmond and Environs, Department of Public Works, 1923; Drawn map of Richmond's North Side.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDepicts status of women's suffrage (framed and fragile).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSuffrage era map - \"The Woman Voter and the next President of the United States\" - showing which states women can vote and which ones women cannot vote.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAll with heading of the Virginia League of Woman Voters and labeled as follows: Congressional Districts Organized; Counties having some form of organization; Counties and cities holding citizenship schools; Virginia League of Women voters organized November 10, 1920; Number of Leagues organized; and one unlabeled.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLarge flyer on which states have compulsory school attendance, 1921; map of Virginia by Virginia Department of Agriculture and Immigration; a chart compiled by Lucia R. Maxwell on International Socialism 1922-1923, showing various woman's organizations; poster of Anchor Line Twin Screw Geared Turbine Steamer named the \"California\"; Centennial Memorial of United States--Declaration of Independence, published by Baltimore and Ohio Railroad; Victory Liberty Loan poster; anti-war poster; poster of mechanized man and horse; Virginia Society for Human Life poster; League of Women Voters poster \"Vote\" (2 posters); sheet music: \"Votes for Women\" - Suffrage Rallying Song.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(includes items on women's suffrage; voting habits; a \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRichmond News-Leader, \u003c/title\u003eSuffrage Supplement, and an article on paintings at Richmond Woman's Club; an article by Adèle Clark; several pages of the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRichmond Times-Dispatch, \u003c/title\u003e November 2, 1933 about the Community Fund; Atlanta Journal, June 12, 1919 article on U.S. Senate passing suffrage amendment; front page of \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRichmond Times-Dispatch, \u003c/title\u003e January 1, 1929, article on what Virginia leaders would like to see in 1929, includes article by Adèle Clark.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMajority of the photographs are from the Equal Suffrage League or Virginia League of Women Voters' events. All of these photographs have been reproduced and can be found elsewhere in Series XVII.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo different posters on the prevention of war; a Department of the Interior, Bureau of Education poster entitled \"How and Why to Stand Correctly\" 1918; a draft version of a poster by the Equal Suffrage League with typewritten history of suffrage in Virginia and the printed finished copy.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Adèle Goodman Clark papers document the life and activities of Miss Clark (1882-1983) throughout her adult life, as well as those of her closest friends and relatives. Miss Clark was a member of a small group of civically active Richmond women whose names appear throughout the collection. Of particular note are members of Clark's family, Edith Clark Cowles, Willoughby Ions, and friends Roberta Wellford, Lila Meade Valentine, Lucy Randolph Mason, Ida Mae Thompson, Eudora W. Ramsay Richardson, Nora Houston and Josephine Houston. A list and chart describing the family relationships follows the Series Description and Arrangement, which specifically details the arrangement of the collection and highlights areas of particular significance within each series.","The collection is comprised of five major components, each with its own depth of coverage, usually dependent upon the length of Clark's involvement. The first major component of the collection contains materials pertaining to the Clark and Houston families with their multiple activities, responsibilities and affiliations. The documents in this section include the personal correspondence of Adèle Clark, Nora Houston, and members of both the Clark and Houston families. Correspondence from Estelle Goodman Clark, Cely \"Nainaine\" Ions, and Estelle Adèle Goodman","Willoughby Ions provide a richly detailed account of the more significant events within the Clark-Ions family. Also included is personal, business, and legal correspondence between members of the Goodman family, predating the Civil War, and personal correspondence to Clark and Nora Houston from close friends and associates such as Cornelia Adair, T. Bowyer Campbell, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon and Roberta Wellford. Additional family information is provided by legal and real estate correspondence, biographical sketches, family and genealogical histories, composition books, diaries, journals, and poetry by various members of the Clark and Houston families. Some items of significance include handwritten memoranda and notes, poems, short stories and other fictional material written by Adèle Clark during her lifetime. The Virginia Historical Society holds additional Clark family materials (see Appendices).","The collection also includes correspondence from businesses and civic organizations with which Clark, Edith Clark Cowles, and the Dooley/Houston family were affiliated during their lifetimes. A list of the more significant organizations includes the Virginia Society for Crippled Children and Handicapped Adults, Commission of Inter-Racial (or Interracial) Cooperation, Woodrow Wilson Foundation, National Consumers League, and Social Science Research Council-Committee on Public Administration. There is also correspondence from prominent local and state government officials that further document the political activities and biases of these women. Brochures, memoranda and publications from these organizations are scattered throughout the collection.","While the family correspondence provides information about Clark's early years, the greatest significance of the collection lies in its documentation of the activities of the suffrage movement, both locally and nationally. The collection is particularly strong in its representation of correspondence, reports, memoranda and publications reflecting the sentiments and political positions of both the pro- and anti- suffrage movement from 1913 until the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. A large portion of this segment also documents the actions of the post-suffragists in their work through the national, state and local chapters of the League of Women Voters (LWV). Clark's considerable role of participation in the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) in the first two decades of the organization provides an abundant amount of material chronicling the many social and political issues in which local and national LWV members were engaged. Although the documentation of the activities of the LWV continues well into the 1970s, the collection is not as strong for the later years as it is for the earlier period.","The suffrage materials, the second and largest component in the collection, are composed of documentation of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV), Richmond League of Women Voters, the VLWV, and the reorganized League of Women Voters of Virginia (LWVV). The ESLV materials includes correspondence, committee and financial memoranda, convention material, notes, reports and miscellaneous literature. There is a large quantity of outgoing correspondence created by the corresponding secretaries of the ESLV which pertains to the efforts of organizing local suffrage chapters throughout the state and between officers of the ESLV, state and national government officials. Also included is correspondence between ESLV President, Lila Meade Valentine, and women of significance within the suffrage movement including Carrie Chapman Catt, Anna Howard Shaw, Maud Wood Park and Kate Gordon. While there is a substantial amount of correspondence generated by the central office of the ESLV, between 1909-1912 there are some major gaps. A portion of this documentation for the early history of the ESLV can be found at the Library of Virginia (see Appendices). Throughout its eleven year existence, the ESLV compiled an enormous amount of literature on the suffrage movement published by the National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA), and other organizations. Materials generated by the movement and represented in this portion of the collection include petitions, photographs, enrollment cards, posters, suffrage maps, sashes and other ephemeral items. Additional publications have not been indexed but are available for research.","The bulk of the materials of the remaining suffrage organizations represented in the collection fall within a fourteen year time frame, 1920-1934, and includes President/Executive Secretary correspondence, bulletins, circulars, committee memoranda, and financial statements as well as records relating to the Virginia Cookery Book, the Governor's Ball and the citizenship courses sponsored by the VLWV. Clark also corresponded with the President of the NLWV and other officers in the national organization. The significant correspondents include Maud Wood Park, Belle Sherwin, Katherine Ludington, and Gertrude Ely. Incoming correspondence from prominent Virginia women such as Faith Morgan, Roberta Wellford, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon, Kate Waller Barrett, Mrs. John L. Lewis of Lynchburg, Mrs. John H. Lewis of Ashland, and Mrs C.E. [Jessie] Townsend of Norfolk can be found in both the President/Executive Correspondence files and the Board of Directors/Executive Committee/Standing Committees file of the VLWV.","The records of the VLWV document in great detail the legislative agenda over a fourteen year period. The VLWV materials contain correspondence, circulars, memoranda questionnaires and reports pertaining to the Children's Code Commission, Virginia Women's Council Legislative Chairman of State Organizations and other major committees of the VLWV; revealing which major pieces of legislation were of utmost concern to Clark and the VLWV. Like its predecessor, the VLWV collected a wide variety of literature from state, national and international organizations which championed a spectrum of causes of interest to Clark and her associates. These organizations include the League of Nations Association, National Council for the Prevention of War, National Women's Trade Union League of America, and Southern Council of Women and Children in Industry.","Documentation of the NLWV (1920-1945) and the later reorganized League of Woman Voters of Virginia (1946-presents) includes correspondence and memoranda produced by Clark as Second Vice President in charge of Legislation and Law Enforcement and Third Regional Director for the NLWV. In addition to correspondence, memoranda, minutes, notes and reports there are materials detailing her involvement in nationally sponsored speaking tours throughout several regions of the United States. Items from the national office consist of mimeographed Adèle Goodman Clark correspondence and memoranda, reports, press releases and various publications created by the major standing committees and departments of the NLWV. Clark's activity in both the state and national leagues diminished to a great extent after 1934. Records of the latter local, state and national organizations primarily consists of bulletins, newsletters, and other literature published and distributed by the organizations.","Clark was very involved in the commemoration of the contributions of Lila Meade Valentine to the suffrage movement. The collection contains the organizational records of the Lila Meade Valentine Memorial Association (1921-1937), which was established to raise money for a memorial tablet dedicated to Mrs. Valentine to be placed in the Capitol Building in Richmond. Much of the material consists of correspondence and memoranda between the association's chairperson, Adèle Clark and the individuals who contributed to the memorial fund. There is also correspondence between Clark and the sculptor chosen to produce the memorial tablet. Other material includes financial data, contributors lists, minutes, notes and reports documenting the association's fundraising activities.","The collection of materials related to state and national politics comprises the third major section of the Clark Papers. These materials include correspondence, memoranda, minutes, reports, statistical data, and literature generated by or related to the work of the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government (1921-1927) and the Liberal Arts College Commission (1918, 1929-1933). Material pertaining to both of these government commissions highlight the research and information gathering work undertaken by Clark and the members of these commissions before presentation of the final reports to the Virginia General Assembly. The collection also contains the annotated drafts and proofs of the reports in various stages of development. Correspondence, notes, reports and travel vouchers highlight Clark's duties as a NRS Field Supervisor and her involvement with the National Reemployment Service (1925-1937). Correspondence between Clark and the State Reemployment Director reveal the types of reemployment projects in which the NRS was actively engaged throughout the state. In addition, correspondence between Clark and other field staff demonstrate the extent to which Clark participated in managing local reemployment offices during her tenure with the NRS. Published reports, speeches, manuals, newspaper clippings and other ephemeral materials are also included.","The fourth area of interest of Adèle's, as reflected in the collection, was religion. Included here are the organizational records and personal items documenting the religious activities of Clark, Nora Houston, and several members of the Houston family. It should be noted that Clark was baptized and confirmed in the Episcopal Church and later became a devout Roman Catholic after Nora Houston's death in 1942. Included is correspondence between both women and various religious organizations, church leaflets, pamphlets and prayerbooks, periodicals and other items of a religious nature. Some of the organizations with which Clark and Houston corresponded include the Catholic Woman's Club, National Council of Catholic Women, National Conference on Christians and Jews, and Catholic Daughters of America. Beth Ahabah Museum and Archives holds other materials of a religious nature relating to the Goodman family.","The final component of the collection, second in size only to that of the suffrage and voting rights material, is that of art, particularly art in Virginia. An artist by training, Adèle Clark worked ceaselessly for increased public awareness of the traditions and richness of art within the Commonwealth. To this end, the collection documents the contributions of Clark and her colleagues in the following endeavors: the Art Club of Richmond, Atelier, Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, Richmond Academy of Arts, Virginia Arts Commission, and Works Project Administration-Federal Arts Project. In addition to containing the correspondence relating to the operations of these organizations, the records also contain memoranda, minutes and reports of committees, and materials on exhibitions sponsored by these organizations. Of particular significance are the records of the Academy Committee of the Art Club that document the committee's role in attempting to resurrect the arts academy. Materials relating to the WPA and the Virginia Arts Commission emphasize Clark's substantial role in making the public a more active player in the promotion of the arts. Clark's monthly and narrative reports on several WPA art galleries, as well as data on the Index of American Design, provide a detailed account of the variety of art projects the WPA underwrote in Virginia.","The collection also contains a range of art and art school publications, art supply advertisements, catalogs, exhibition bulletins and notices from local and national art institutions. A small number of drawings, sketches and miscellaneous artwork created by Adèle Clark, Nora Houston and other artists are also represented. Some of the more notable pieces include Clark's original lithograph \"Richmond Market at Christmas\", copies of Nora Houston's house sketches and artwork produced by children of various ages. Lastly there are numerous kinds of illustrations and reproductions that Clark and Houston utilized in their art classes.","Significant portions of the collection are in fragile condition, particularly newspaper clippings and photographs. Reference copies of the photographs are available for use. A large portion of the clippings have been photocopied and the process will continue as time and staff permit.","Special Collections has also purchased suffrage and related materials. Please ask a staffmember for information about these supporting items.","Relationship: Adèle Clark's cousins.","Relationship: Mother of Adèle Clark. Nicknames include \"Dree,\" \"Muzzie,\" and \"Pouncey.\"","Relationship: Father of Adèle Clarke.","Relationship: Father of Julius D. Cowles who was married to Adèle Clark's sister Edith.","Relationship: Older sister to Adèle Clarke, married to Julius \"Jules\" D. Cowles, her nicknames include \"Baby,\" \"Deetie,\" and \"Binn.\"","Relationship: Adèle Clarke's neice, daughter of Edith and Julius Cowles, married to James Cox.","Relationship: Younger sister of Adèle Clarke, married to G. Frank Dew, her nicknames include \"Trudie,\" Trudee,\" and \"Teedee.\"","Relationship: Maternal uncle to Adèle Clark.","Relationship: Maternal aunt of Adèle Clark.","Relationship: Cousin related to the Clarke family.","Relationship: Maternal aunt of Adèle Clarke and her godmother, married to Robert Ions. Also nicknamed \"Nainaine.\"","Relationship: Adèle's cousin, daughter of Cely and Robert Ions. She went by the name Willoughby.","Relationship: Sister of Robert Ions.","Relationship: Adèle Clarke's uncle, married to Cecile \"Cely\" Goodman Ions. Nicknames include \"Godpa\" and \"Berto.\"","Relationship: Adèle Clark's cousin.","Relationship: Adèle Clark's cousin.","Relationship: Sister of Alice Dooley and Mary Dooley Jones.","Relationship: friend of Adèle, became a priest in the Episcopal Church.","Relationship: Estelle Goodman Clark's brother.","Relationship: Adèle's cousin, son of Cely and Robert Ions.","Relationship: Sister of Josephine Dooley Houston and Mary Dooley Jones.","Relationship: Cousin of Alice Dooley.","Relationship: Daughter of Josephine and Henry Houston.","Relationship: Sister of Alice Dooley and Josephine Dooley Houston.","[merged with the restored Academy in the spring of 1930]","[grew out of the Atelier and later merged with the Academy]","Includes children's art work, art club material, instructional material; Japanese print.","Two labeled \"Class Room Building--State Teacher's College, Farmville, Virginia--Frank F. Stone Architect, Roanoke, Virginia, July 10, 1944\"; a third blue print labeled \"Improvements to Employees Cottage as suggested by Art Commission, May 5, 1944\"; fourth labeled \"Temporary Employee Cottage, Division of the Budget, March 29, 1944\";drawing for inscription of building \"Julian H. Burruss Hall\" labeled \"Teaching and Admin. Building, Va. Polytechnic Inst., Blacksburg, VA - Carneal, Johnston \u0026 Wright Architects \u0026 Engineers, Richmond, Virginia.\"","Various institutions to Benjamin Franklin Dew Jr., 1930s-1940s.","Entitled \"Proposed Store For Mr. S.W. Farran - Designed by W.R. Snapp, 1107 Penn St. N.E.\"","Capitol Area of Richmond, undated; Map of Richmond and Environs, Department of Public Works, 1923; Drawn map of Richmond's North Side.","Depicts status of women's suffrage (framed and fragile).","Suffrage era map - \"The Woman Voter and the next President of the United States\" - showing which states women can vote and which ones women cannot vote.","All with heading of the Virginia League of Woman Voters and labeled as follows: Congressional Districts Organized; Counties having some form of organization; Counties and cities holding citizenship schools; Virginia League of Women voters organized November 10, 1920; Number of Leagues organized; and one unlabeled.","Large flyer on which states have compulsory school attendance, 1921; map of Virginia by Virginia Department of Agriculture and Immigration; a chart compiled by Lucia R. Maxwell on International Socialism 1922-1923, showing various woman's organizations; poster of Anchor Line Twin Screw Geared Turbine Steamer named the \"California\"; Centennial Memorial of United States--Declaration of Independence, published by Baltimore and Ohio Railroad; Victory Liberty Loan poster; anti-war poster; poster of mechanized man and horse; Virginia Society for Human Life poster; League of Women Voters poster \"Vote\" (2 posters); sheet music: \"Votes for Women\" - Suffrage Rallying Song.","(includes items on women's suffrage; voting habits; a  Richmond News-Leader,  Suffrage Supplement, and an article on paintings at Richmond Woman's Club; an article by Adèle Clark; several pages of the  Richmond Times-Dispatch,   November 2, 1933 about the Community Fund; Atlanta Journal, June 12, 1919 article on U.S. Senate passing suffrage amendment; front page of  Richmond Times-Dispatch,   January 1, 1929, article on what Virginia leaders would like to see in 1929, includes article by Adèle Clark.","Majority of the photographs are from the Equal Suffrage League or Virginia League of Women Voters' events. All of these photographs have been reproduced and can be found elsewhere in Series XVII.","Two different posters on the prevention of war; a Department of the Interior, Bureau of Education poster entitled \"How and Why to Stand Correctly\" 1918; a draft version of a poster by the Equal Suffrage League with typewritten history of suffrage in Virginia and the printed finished copy."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_coll_ssim":["League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":3079,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T04:37:44.566Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c14"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c14_c10","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"Subseries J: Artwork","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c14_c10#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c14_c10","ref_ssm":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c14_c10"],"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c14_c10","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c14","parent_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c14","parent_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c14"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c14"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Adele Goodman Clark papers","Series XIV: Art"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers","Series XIV: Art"],"text":["Adele Goodman Clark papers","Series XIV: Art","Subseries J: Artwork"],"title_filing_ssi":"Subseries J: Artwork","title_ssm":["Subseries J: Artwork"],"title_tesim":["Subseries J: Artwork"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["undated, 1850-1939"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1850/1939"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Subseries J: Artwork"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":23,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":2856,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"date_range_isim":[1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939],"_nest_path_":"/components#13/components#9","timestamp":"2026-05-21T04:37:44.566Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_279.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Clark, Adele Goodman, papers","title_ssm":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"title_tesim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1849-1978"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1849-1978"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 9","/repositories/5/resources/279"],"text":["M 9","/repositories/5/resources/279","Adele Goodman Clark papers","Women -- Suffrage -- Virginia -- Richmond","Art -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond","Collection is open to research.","Series I--Correspondence and Family Materials (n.d., 1849-1971) ; Series II--Business/Civic Organization Correspondence (n.d., 1903-1971) ; Series III--Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV) (n.d., 1892-1926) ; Series IV: Richmond League of Women Voters (n.d., 1920- 1978) ; Series V--Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) (n.d., 1915-1967) ; Series VI--The League of Women Voters of Virginia (n.d., 1945-1970) ; Series VII--The National League of Women Voters (n.d., 1919-1947) ; Series VIII--League of Women Voters (n.d., 1946-1976) ; Series IX--Commission on Simplification of State and Local Government (n.d., 1921- 1927) ; Series X--Liberal Arts College for Women Commission (n.d., 1918-1938) ; Series XI--National Reemployment Service (n.d., 1925-1938) ; Series XII--Lila Meade Valentine memorial Association (n.d., 1921-1936) ; Series XIII--Religious Materials ; Series XIV--Art (n.d., 1850-1971) ; Series XV--Ephemera and Photographs (n.d., ca. 1850 - ca. 1970)","A founding member of the Virginia suffrage movement and a prominent supporter of the arts in Virginia, Adèle Goodman Clark (1882-1983) exemplified the influential role civically active women played in the major social reform movements of the twentieth century. Calling politics and art her \"creative spirits\", Clark was involved in a number of reform initiatives throughout her century of life that championed the rights of women and promoted the arts.","The second oldest daughter of Robert Clark (1832?-1906) and Estelle Goodman Clark (1847-1937), Adèle was born in Montgomery, Alabama on September 27, 1882. Before moving permanently to Richmond, the Clark family lived in New Orleans, LA, as well as the small town of Pass Christian, MS. It was in a one room school house in the latter town that Adèle developed a fondness for the arts. After her family moved to Richmond in 1894, Adèle enrolled in the Virginia Randolph Ellett School (now St. Catherine's). Adèle also studied art with Lilly M. Logan, who ran the art school at the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906 she was awarded a scholarship to the New York School of Fine and Applied Arts (the Chase School of Art), where she studied under Kenneth Hays Miller, Douglas Cannal, William M. Chase, and Robert Henri, leader of the \"Ash Can\" school of painting. Upon her return to Richmond, Clark began a teaching career at the Art Club of Richmond. It was here that Adèle began her long association and friendship with acclaimed Virginia artist, Nora Houston. When the Art Club of Richmond was dissolved in 1917, the women went on to establish The Atelier. Under their direction this private art studio, located adjacent to Clark's Chamberlayne Avenue residence, became a training ground for such noted Virginia artists as Edmund Archer, Eleanor Fry and Theresa Pollack (founder of the VCU School of the Arts). Two years later they founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, where they both held the title of artistic director. During this period, they participated in a fundraising campaign for the resurrection of the old Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. Their goal became a reality in 1930 when the new Richmond Academy of Arts, forerunner to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, was established on Capitol Street.*","Clark's interest in the suffrage movement began in 1909 when she was asked by novelist Ellen Glasgow to sign a petition calling for Virginia women to gain voting privileges. On November 27th of that year Clark, along with eighteen other civic-minded women, held a preliminary meeting to discuss the establishment of a state-wide suffrage organization. At this first meeting of what would become the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, Clark was elected secretary, a position she held for one year. She later helped direct legislative initiatives, organized suffrage rallies and went on speaking tours that helped establish new League chapters throughout the state. Clark also served for several years as chair of the ratification committee and head of the Equal Suffrage League lobby to the Virginia General Assembly.","After passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 (which was ratified by Virginia in 1952), the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia was transformed into the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV). For nearly two decades Clark played a major role in the VLWV.","Selected as the VLWV's first chair in 1920, Clark became president one year later. She held this position for eighteen years (nonconsecutively). Her work in the VLWV involved constant study of legislation involving social issues and governmental efficiency and administration. In 1924, Clark was elected to the board of the National League of Women Voters (NLWV) as Director of the Third Region. The region included Washington, D.C., Virginia, and six other southern states. The following year she was elected Second Vice President of the NLWV, in which capacity she served until the Spring of 1928. During that period Clark traveled to conventions in twenty-four states on speaking tours. Along with other officers of the NLWV she helped resolve league organizational problems.","In addition to her work for the VLWV and NLWV, Clark also served on two important state government commissions. In 1922, Governor E. Lee Trinkle appointed her to the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government, on which she served for two years as secretary of the Commission. In addition to performing the editorial and clerical work of the Commission, Clark also authored several of the chapters of the Commission's final report (January 1924) to the Virginia General Assembly. Four years later, Governor Harry F. Byrd, Jr. appointed Clark to the Liberal Arts College for Women Commission, on which she also served as secretary. The nine member Commission studied the feasibility of establishing a new liberal arts college for women in Virginia. The second report of the Commission (January 1930), which contained the \"set-up\" of the proposed college [now Mary Washington College?], was the product of research conducted by Clark with the assistance of Commission advisors.","Clark's strong commitment to higher education was exemplified in several other ways. From March - September, 1926, she served as the Social Director of women students at the College of William and Mary. She was also instrumental in the establishment of citizenship courses for women through the University of Virginia's Extension Division. The courses were designed to educate women about the intricacies of governmental institutions.","During the New Deal era, Clark distinguished herself in two important agencies. In 1933, she was selected as a field supervisor for the National Reemployment Service (NRS). Along with the state reemployment director and other field staff, she assisted in the organization of local reemployment offices throughout Virginia. After stepping down as field supervisor for the NRS, Clark became the Virginia Arts Project Director of the Work Projects Administration (WPA). This particular branch of the WPA was created to provide employment opportunities for artists in Virginia. In addition to producing murals for public buildings, artists employed by the WPA executed hundreds of paintings that were then distributed to local and state tax-supported institutions for display. One major accomplishment during Clark's tenure at the WPA was the establishment of new art galleries, such as the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap.","In the later years of her life, Adèle Clark remained active in the Richmond community. After converting to Roman Catholicism in 1942, Clark utilized her political experience as a member of the Richmond Diocesan Council of Catholic Women (RDCCW). From 1949 to 1959 she served as the chair of the RDCCW's Legislative Committee. Clark also continued to speak out against a number of issues affecting women, such as the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment and abortion.","Clark remained an active supporter of the Richmond art community. From 1941 to 1964 she was a member of the Virginia Arts Commission. The Commission helped to produce many of the murals and portraits displayed in state government buildings that depict the history of Virginia. Moreover, Clark's dedication to the teaching of art did not wane in these later years. She taught art to both the young and old in hospitals, schools and church classrooms. She also continued to enjoy creating her own artworks. Clark's paintings, mostly portraits and landscapes, have been exhibited in several states. One of her paintings, \"The Cherry Tree\", is in the permanent collection of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.","Clark had a unique perspective on the influence of art on her political ideology. She once stated, \"I've always tried to combine my interest in art with my interest in government. I think we ought to have more of the creative and imaginative in politics.\"","Adèle Clark died at the age of 100 on June 5, 1983.","[Information from newspaper accounts and the Adèle Goodman Clark Papers.]","Teacher of Organization and Parliamentary Law at Suffrage School","Chairman, Committee on Uniform Laws Concerning Women, Chicago, ILL","Chairman of the Committee on International Cooperation to Prevent War, of the NLWV, Miss Morgan was also President of the Colony Club of New York","The Adèle Goodman Clark papers document the life and activities of Miss Clark (1882-1983) throughout her adult life, as well as those of her closest friends and relatives. Miss Clark was a member of a small group of civically active Richmond women whose names appear throughout the collection. Of particular note are members of Clark's family, Edith Clark Cowles, Willoughby Ions, and friends Roberta Wellford, Lila Meade Valentine, Lucy Randolph Mason, Ida Mae Thompson, Eudora W. Ramsay Richardson, Nora Houston and Josephine Houston. A list and chart describing the family relationships follows the Series Description and Arrangement, which specifically details the arrangement of the collection and highlights areas of particular significance within each series.","The collection is comprised of five major components, each with its own depth of coverage, usually dependent upon the length of Clark's involvement. The first major component of the collection contains materials pertaining to the Clark and Houston families with their multiple activities, responsibilities and affiliations. The documents in this section include the personal correspondence of Adèle Clark, Nora Houston, and members of both the Clark and Houston families. Correspondence from Estelle Goodman Clark, Cely \"Nainaine\" Ions, and Estelle Adèle Goodman","Willoughby Ions provide a richly detailed account of the more significant events within the Clark-Ions family. Also included is personal, business, and legal correspondence between members of the Goodman family, predating the Civil War, and personal correspondence to Clark and Nora Houston from close friends and associates such as Cornelia Adair, T. Bowyer Campbell, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon and Roberta Wellford. Additional family information is provided by legal and real estate correspondence, biographical sketches, family and genealogical histories, composition books, diaries, journals, and poetry by various members of the Clark and Houston families. Some items of significance include handwritten memoranda and notes, poems, short stories and other fictional material written by Adèle Clark during her lifetime. The Virginia Historical Society holds additional Clark family materials (see Appendices).","The collection also includes correspondence from businesses and civic organizations with which Clark, Edith Clark Cowles, and the Dooley/Houston family were affiliated during their lifetimes. A list of the more significant organizations includes the Virginia Society for Crippled Children and Handicapped Adults, Commission of Inter-Racial (or Interracial) Cooperation, Woodrow Wilson Foundation, National Consumers League, and Social Science Research Council-Committee on Public Administration. There is also correspondence from prominent local and state government officials that further document the political activities and biases of these women. Brochures, memoranda and publications from these organizations are scattered throughout the collection.","While the family correspondence provides information about Clark's early years, the greatest significance of the collection lies in its documentation of the activities of the suffrage movement, both locally and nationally. The collection is particularly strong in its representation of correspondence, reports, memoranda and publications reflecting the sentiments and political positions of both the pro- and anti- suffrage movement from 1913 until the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. A large portion of this segment also documents the actions of the post-suffragists in their work through the national, state and local chapters of the League of Women Voters (LWV). Clark's considerable role of participation in the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) in the first two decades of the organization provides an abundant amount of material chronicling the many social and political issues in which local and national LWV members were engaged. Although the documentation of the activities of the LWV continues well into the 1970s, the collection is not as strong for the later years as it is for the earlier period.","The suffrage materials, the second and largest component in the collection, are composed of documentation of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV), Richmond League of Women Voters, the VLWV, and the reorganized League of Women Voters of Virginia (LWVV). The ESLV materials includes correspondence, committee and financial memoranda, convention material, notes, reports and miscellaneous literature. There is a large quantity of outgoing correspondence created by the corresponding secretaries of the ESLV which pertains to the efforts of organizing local suffrage chapters throughout the state and between officers of the ESLV, state and national government officials. Also included is correspondence between ESLV President, Lila Meade Valentine, and women of significance within the suffrage movement including Carrie Chapman Catt, Anna Howard Shaw, Maud Wood Park and Kate Gordon. While there is a substantial amount of correspondence generated by the central office of the ESLV, between 1909-1912 there are some major gaps. A portion of this documentation for the early history of the ESLV can be found at the Library of Virginia (see Appendices). Throughout its eleven year existence, the ESLV compiled an enormous amount of literature on the suffrage movement published by the National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA), and other organizations. Materials generated by the movement and represented in this portion of the collection include petitions, photographs, enrollment cards, posters, suffrage maps, sashes and other ephemeral items. Additional publications have not been indexed but are available for research.","The bulk of the materials of the remaining suffrage organizations represented in the collection fall within a fourteen year time frame, 1920-1934, and includes President/Executive Secretary correspondence, bulletins, circulars, committee memoranda, and financial statements as well as records relating to the Virginia Cookery Book, the Governor's Ball and the citizenship courses sponsored by the VLWV. Clark also corresponded with the President of the NLWV and other officers in the national organization. The significant correspondents include Maud Wood Park, Belle Sherwin, Katherine Ludington, and Gertrude Ely. Incoming correspondence from prominent Virginia women such as Faith Morgan, Roberta Wellford, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon, Kate Waller Barrett, Mrs. John L. Lewis of Lynchburg, Mrs. John H. Lewis of Ashland, and Mrs C.E. [Jessie] Townsend of Norfolk can be found in both the President/Executive Correspondence files and the Board of Directors/Executive Committee/Standing Committees file of the VLWV.","The records of the VLWV document in great detail the legislative agenda over a fourteen year period. The VLWV materials contain correspondence, circulars, memoranda questionnaires and reports pertaining to the Children's Code Commission, Virginia Women's Council Legislative Chairman of State Organizations and other major committees of the VLWV; revealing which major pieces of legislation were of utmost concern to Clark and the VLWV. Like its predecessor, the VLWV collected a wide variety of literature from state, national and international organizations which championed a spectrum of causes of interest to Clark and her associates. These organizations include the League of Nations Association, National Council for the Prevention of War, National Women's Trade Union League of America, and Southern Council of Women and Children in Industry.","Documentation of the NLWV (1920-1945) and the later reorganized League of Woman Voters of Virginia (1946-presents) includes correspondence and memoranda produced by Clark as Second Vice President in charge of Legislation and Law Enforcement and Third Regional Director for the NLWV. In addition to correspondence, memoranda, minutes, notes and reports there are materials detailing her involvement in nationally sponsored speaking tours throughout several regions of the United States. Items from the national office consist of mimeographed Adèle Goodman Clark correspondence and memoranda, reports, press releases and various publications created by the major standing committees and departments of the NLWV. Clark's activity in both the state and national leagues diminished to a great extent after 1934. Records of the latter local, state and national organizations primarily consists of bulletins, newsletters, and other literature published and distributed by the organizations.","Clark was very involved in the commemoration of the contributions of Lila Meade Valentine to the suffrage movement. The collection contains the organizational records of the Lila Meade Valentine Memorial Association (1921-1937), which was established to raise money for a memorial tablet dedicated to Mrs. Valentine to be placed in the Capitol Building in Richmond. Much of the material consists of correspondence and memoranda between the association's chairperson, Adèle Clark and the individuals who contributed to the memorial fund. There is also correspondence between Clark and the sculptor chosen to produce the memorial tablet. Other material includes financial data, contributors lists, minutes, notes and reports documenting the association's fundraising activities.","The collection of materials related to state and national politics comprises the third major section of the Clark Papers. These materials include correspondence, memoranda, minutes, reports, statistical data, and literature generated by or related to the work of the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government (1921-1927) and the Liberal Arts College Commission (1918, 1929-1933). Material pertaining to both of these government commissions highlight the research and information gathering work undertaken by Clark and the members of these commissions before presentation of the final reports to the Virginia General Assembly. The collection also contains the annotated drafts and proofs of the reports in various stages of development. Correspondence, notes, reports and travel vouchers highlight Clark's duties as a NRS Field Supervisor and her involvement with the National Reemployment Service (1925-1937). Correspondence between Clark and the State Reemployment Director reveal the types of reemployment projects in which the NRS was actively engaged throughout the state. In addition, correspondence between Clark and other field staff demonstrate the extent to which Clark participated in managing local reemployment offices during her tenure with the NRS. Published reports, speeches, manuals, newspaper clippings and other ephemeral materials are also included.","The fourth area of interest of Adèle's, as reflected in the collection, was religion. Included here are the organizational records and personal items documenting the religious activities of Clark, Nora Houston, and several members of the Houston family. It should be noted that Clark was baptized and confirmed in the Episcopal Church and later became a devout Roman Catholic after Nora Houston's death in 1942. Included is correspondence between both women and various religious organizations, church leaflets, pamphlets and prayerbooks, periodicals and other items of a religious nature. Some of the organizations with which Clark and Houston corresponded include the Catholic Woman's Club, National Council of Catholic Women, National Conference on Christians and Jews, and Catholic Daughters of America. Beth Ahabah Museum and Archives holds other materials of a religious nature relating to the Goodman family.","The final component of the collection, second in size only to that of the suffrage and voting rights material, is that of art, particularly art in Virginia. An artist by training, Adèle Clark worked ceaselessly for increased public awareness of the traditions and richness of art within the Commonwealth. To this end, the collection documents the contributions of Clark and her colleagues in the following endeavors: the Art Club of Richmond, Atelier, Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, Richmond Academy of Arts, Virginia Arts Commission, and Works Project Administration-Federal Arts Project. In addition to containing the correspondence relating to the operations of these organizations, the records also contain memoranda, minutes and reports of committees, and materials on exhibitions sponsored by these organizations. Of particular significance are the records of the Academy Committee of the Art Club that document the committee's role in attempting to resurrect the arts academy. Materials relating to the WPA and the Virginia Arts Commission emphasize Clark's substantial role in making the public a more active player in the promotion of the arts. Clark's monthly and narrative reports on several WPA art galleries, as well as data on the Index of American Design, provide a detailed account of the variety of art projects the WPA underwrote in Virginia.","The collection also contains a range of art and art school publications, art supply advertisements, catalogs, exhibition bulletins and notices from local and national art institutions. A small number of drawings, sketches and miscellaneous artwork created by Adèle Clark, Nora Houston and other artists are also represented. Some of the more notable pieces include Clark's original lithograph \"Richmond Market at Christmas\", copies of Nora Houston's house sketches and artwork produced by children of various ages. Lastly there are numerous kinds of illustrations and reproductions that Clark and Houston utilized in their art classes.","Significant portions of the collection are in fragile condition, particularly newspaper clippings and photographs. Reference copies of the photographs are available for use. A large portion of the clippings have been photocopied and the process will continue as time and staff permit.","Special Collections has also purchased suffrage and related materials. Please ask a staffmember for information about these supporting items.","Relationship: Adèle Clark's cousins.","Relationship: Mother of Adèle Clark. Nicknames include \"Dree,\" \"Muzzie,\" and \"Pouncey.\"","Relationship: Father of Adèle Clarke.","Relationship: Father of Julius D. Cowles who was married to Adèle Clark's sister Edith.","Relationship: Older sister to Adèle Clarke, married to Julius \"Jules\" D. Cowles, her nicknames include \"Baby,\" \"Deetie,\" and \"Binn.\"","Relationship: Adèle Clarke's neice, daughter of Edith and Julius Cowles, married to James Cox.","Relationship: Younger sister of Adèle Clarke, married to G. Frank Dew, her nicknames include \"Trudie,\" Trudee,\" and \"Teedee.\"","Relationship: Maternal uncle to Adèle Clark.","Relationship: Maternal aunt of Adèle Clark.","Relationship: Cousin related to the Clarke family.","Relationship: Maternal aunt of Adèle Clarke and her godmother, married to Robert Ions. Also nicknamed \"Nainaine.\"","Relationship: Adèle's cousin, daughter of Cely and Robert Ions. She went by the name Willoughby.","Relationship: Sister of Robert Ions.","Relationship: Adèle Clarke's uncle, married to Cecile \"Cely\" Goodman Ions. Nicknames include \"Godpa\" and \"Berto.\"","Relationship: Adèle Clark's cousin.","Relationship: Adèle Clark's cousin.","Relationship: Sister of Alice Dooley and Mary Dooley Jones.","Relationship: friend of Adèle, became a priest in the Episcopal Church.","Relationship: Estelle Goodman Clark's brother.","Relationship: Adèle's cousin, son of Cely and Robert Ions.","Relationship: Sister of Josephine Dooley Houston and Mary Dooley Jones.","Relationship: Cousin of Alice Dooley.","Relationship: Daughter of Josephine and Henry Houston.","Relationship: Sister of Alice Dooley and Josephine Dooley Houston.","[merged with the restored Academy in the spring of 1930]","[grew out of the Atelier and later merged with the Academy]","Includes children's art work, art club material, instructional material; Japanese print.","Two labeled \"Class Room Building--State Teacher's College, Farmville, Virginia--Frank F. Stone Architect, Roanoke, Virginia, July 10, 1944\"; a third blue print labeled \"Improvements to Employees Cottage as suggested by Art Commission, May 5, 1944\"; fourth labeled \"Temporary Employee Cottage, Division of the Budget, March 29, 1944\";drawing for inscription of building \"Julian H. Burruss Hall\" labeled \"Teaching and Admin. Building, Va. Polytechnic Inst., Blacksburg, VA - Carneal, Johnston \u0026 Wright Architects \u0026 Engineers, Richmond, Virginia.\"","Various institutions to Benjamin Franklin Dew Jr., 1930s-1940s.","Entitled \"Proposed Store For Mr. S.W. Farran - Designed by W.R. Snapp, 1107 Penn St. N.E.\"","Capitol Area of Richmond, undated; Map of Richmond and Environs, Department of Public Works, 1923; Drawn map of Richmond's North Side.","Depicts status of women's suffrage (framed and fragile).","Suffrage era map - \"The Woman Voter and the next President of the United States\" - showing which states women can vote and which ones women cannot vote.","All with heading of the Virginia League of Woman Voters and labeled as follows: Congressional Districts Organized; Counties having some form of organization; Counties and cities holding citizenship schools; Virginia League of Women voters organized November 10, 1920; Number of Leagues organized; and one unlabeled.","Large flyer on which states have compulsory school attendance, 1921; map of Virginia by Virginia Department of Agriculture and Immigration; a chart compiled by Lucia R. Maxwell on International Socialism 1922-1923, showing various woman's organizations; poster of Anchor Line Twin Screw Geared Turbine Steamer named the \"California\"; Centennial Memorial of United States--Declaration of Independence, published by Baltimore and Ohio Railroad; Victory Liberty Loan poster; anti-war poster; poster of mechanized man and horse; Virginia Society for Human Life poster; League of Women Voters poster \"Vote\" (2 posters); sheet music: \"Votes for Women\" - Suffrage Rallying Song.","(includes items on women's suffrage; voting habits; a  Richmond News-Leader,  Suffrage Supplement, and an article on paintings at Richmond Woman's Club; an article by Adèle Clark; several pages of the  Richmond Times-Dispatch,   November 2, 1933 about the Community Fund; Atlanta Journal, June 12, 1919 article on U.S. Senate passing suffrage amendment; front page of  Richmond Times-Dispatch,   January 1, 1929, article on what Virginia leaders would like to see in 1929, includes article by Adèle Clark.","Majority of the photographs are from the Equal Suffrage League or Virginia League of Women Voters' events. All of these photographs have been reproduced and can be found elsewhere in Series XVII.","Two different posters on the prevention of war; a Department of the Interior, Bureau of Education poster entitled \"How and Why to Stand Correctly\" 1918; a draft version of a poster by the Equal Suffrage League with typewritten history of suffrage in Virginia and the printed finished copy.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives","English"],"unitid_tesim":["M 9","/repositories/5/resources/279"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"collection_ssim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"creator_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"creators_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women -- Suffrage -- Virginia -- Richmond","Art -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women -- Suffrage -- Virginia -- Richmond","Art -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["128 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["128 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Restrictions on Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I--Correspondence and Family Materials (n.d., 1849-1971) ; Series II--Business/Civic Organization Correspondence (n.d., 1903-1971) ; Series III--Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV) (n.d., 1892-1926) ; Series IV: Richmond League of Women Voters (n.d., 1920- 1978) ; Series V--Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) (n.d., 1915-1967) ; Series VI--The League of Women Voters of Virginia (n.d., 1945-1970) ; Series VII--The National League of Women Voters (n.d., 1919-1947) ; Series VIII--League of Women Voters (n.d., 1946-1976) ; Series IX--Commission on Simplification of State and Local Government (n.d., 1921- 1927) ; Series X--Liberal Arts College for Women Commission (n.d., 1918-1938) ; Series XI--National Reemployment Service (n.d., 1925-1938) ; Series XII--Lila Meade Valentine memorial Association (n.d., 1921-1936) ; Series XIII--Religious Materials ; Series XIV--Art (n.d., 1850-1971) ; Series XV--Ephemera and Photographs (n.d., ca. 1850 - ca. 1970)\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series I--Correspondence and Family Materials (n.d., 1849-1971) ; Series II--Business/Civic Organization Correspondence (n.d., 1903-1971) ; Series III--Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV) (n.d., 1892-1926) ; Series IV: Richmond League of Women Voters (n.d., 1920- 1978) ; Series V--Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) (n.d., 1915-1967) ; Series VI--The League of Women Voters of Virginia (n.d., 1945-1970) ; Series VII--The National League of Women Voters (n.d., 1919-1947) ; Series VIII--League of Women Voters (n.d., 1946-1976) ; Series IX--Commission on Simplification of State and Local Government (n.d., 1921- 1927) ; Series X--Liberal Arts College for Women Commission (n.d., 1918-1938) ; Series XI--National Reemployment Service (n.d., 1925-1938) ; Series XII--Lila Meade Valentine memorial Association (n.d., 1921-1936) ; Series XIII--Religious Materials ; Series XIV--Art (n.d., 1850-1971) ; Series XV--Ephemera and Photographs (n.d., ca. 1850 - ca. 1970)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA founding member of the Virginia suffrage movement and a prominent supporter of the arts in Virginia, Adèle Goodman Clark (1882-1983) exemplified the influential role civically active women played in the major social reform movements of the twentieth century. Calling politics and art her \"creative spirits\", Clark was involved in a number of reform initiatives throughout her century of life that championed the rights of women and promoted the arts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe second oldest daughter of Robert Clark (1832?-1906) and Estelle Goodman Clark (1847-1937), Adèle was born in Montgomery, Alabama on September 27, 1882. Before moving permanently to Richmond, the Clark family lived in New Orleans, LA, as well as the small town of Pass Christian, MS. It was in a one room school house in the latter town that Adèle developed a fondness for the arts. After her family moved to Richmond in 1894, Adèle enrolled in the Virginia Randolph Ellett School (now St. Catherine's). Adèle also studied art with Lilly M. Logan, who ran the art school at the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906 she was awarded a scholarship to the New York School of Fine and Applied Arts (the Chase School of Art), where she studied under Kenneth Hays Miller, Douglas Cannal, William M. Chase, and Robert Henri, leader of the \"Ash Can\" school of painting. Upon her return to Richmond, Clark began a teaching career at the Art Club of Richmond. It was here that Adèle began her long association and friendship with acclaimed Virginia artist, Nora Houston. When the Art Club of Richmond was dissolved in 1917, the women went on to establish The Atelier. Under their direction this private art studio, located adjacent to Clark's Chamberlayne Avenue residence, became a training ground for such noted Virginia artists as Edmund Archer, Eleanor Fry and Theresa Pollack (founder of the VCU School of the Arts). Two years later they founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, where they both held the title of artistic director. During this period, they participated in a fundraising campaign for the resurrection of the old Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. Their goal became a reality in 1930 when the new Richmond Academy of Arts, forerunner to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, was established on Capitol Street.*\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClark's interest in the suffrage movement began in 1909 when she was asked by novelist Ellen Glasgow to sign a petition calling for Virginia women to gain voting privileges. On November 27th of that year Clark, along with eighteen other civic-minded women, held a preliminary meeting to discuss the establishment of a state-wide suffrage organization. At this first meeting of what would become the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, Clark was elected secretary, a position she held for one year. She later helped direct legislative initiatives, organized suffrage rallies and went on speaking tours that helped establish new League chapters throughout the state. Clark also served for several years as chair of the ratification committee and head of the Equal Suffrage League lobby to the Virginia General Assembly.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 (which was ratified by Virginia in 1952), the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia was transformed into the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV). For nearly two decades Clark played a major role in the VLWV.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSelected as the VLWV's first chair in 1920, Clark became president one year later. She held this position for eighteen years (nonconsecutively). Her work in the VLWV involved constant study of legislation involving social issues and governmental efficiency and administration. In 1924, Clark was elected to the board of the National League of Women Voters (NLWV) as Director of the Third Region. The region included Washington, D.C., Virginia, and six other southern states. The following year she was elected Second Vice President of the NLWV, in which capacity she served until the Spring of 1928. During that period Clark traveled to conventions in twenty-four states on speaking tours. Along with other officers of the NLWV she helped resolve league organizational problems.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to her work for the VLWV and NLWV, Clark also served on two important state government commissions. In 1922, Governor E. Lee Trinkle appointed her to the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government, on which she served for two years as secretary of the Commission. In addition to performing the editorial and clerical work of the Commission, Clark also authored several of the chapters of the Commission's final report (January 1924) to the Virginia General Assembly. Four years later, Governor Harry F. Byrd, Jr. appointed Clark to the Liberal Arts College for Women Commission, on which she also served as secretary. The nine member Commission studied the feasibility of establishing a new liberal arts college for women in Virginia. The second report of the Commission (January 1930), which contained the \"set-up\" of the proposed college [now Mary Washington College?], was the product of research conducted by Clark with the assistance of Commission advisors.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClark's strong commitment to higher education was exemplified in several other ways. From March - September, 1926, she served as the Social Director of women students at the College of William and Mary. She was also instrumental in the establishment of citizenship courses for women through the University of Virginia's Extension Division. The courses were designed to educate women about the intricacies of governmental institutions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDuring the New Deal era, Clark distinguished herself in two important agencies. In 1933, she was selected as a field supervisor for the National Reemployment Service (NRS). Along with the state reemployment director and other field staff, she assisted in the organization of local reemployment offices throughout Virginia. After stepping down as field supervisor for the NRS, Clark became the Virginia Arts Project Director of the Work Projects Administration (WPA). This particular branch of the WPA was created to provide employment opportunities for artists in Virginia. In addition to producing murals for public buildings, artists employed by the WPA executed hundreds of paintings that were then distributed to local and state tax-supported institutions for display. One major accomplishment during Clark's tenure at the WPA was the establishment of new art galleries, such as the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn the later years of her life, Adèle Clark remained active in the Richmond community. After converting to Roman Catholicism in 1942, Clark utilized her political experience as a member of the Richmond Diocesan Council of Catholic Women (RDCCW). From 1949 to 1959 she served as the chair of the RDCCW's Legislative Committee. Clark also continued to speak out against a number of issues affecting women, such as the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment and abortion.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClark remained an active supporter of the Richmond art community. From 1941 to 1964 she was a member of the Virginia Arts Commission. The Commission helped to produce many of the murals and portraits displayed in state government buildings that depict the history of Virginia. Moreover, Clark's dedication to the teaching of art did not wane in these later years. She taught art to both the young and old in hospitals, schools and church classrooms. She also continued to enjoy creating her own artworks. Clark's paintings, mostly portraits and landscapes, have been exhibited in several states. One of her paintings, \"The Cherry Tree\", is in the permanent collection of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClark had a unique perspective on the influence of art on her political ideology. She once stated, \"I've always tried to combine my interest in art with my interest in government. I think we ought to have more of the creative and imaginative in politics.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAdèle Clark died at the age of 100 on June 5, 1983.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e[Information from newspaper accounts and the Adèle Goodman Clark Papers.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTeacher of Organization and Parliamentary Law at Suffrage School\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChairman, Committee on Uniform Laws Concerning Women, Chicago, ILL\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChairman of the Committee on International Cooperation to Prevent War, of the NLWV, Miss Morgan was also President of the Colony Club of New York\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["A founding member of the Virginia suffrage movement and a prominent supporter of the arts in Virginia, Adèle Goodman Clark (1882-1983) exemplified the influential role civically active women played in the major social reform movements of the twentieth century. Calling politics and art her \"creative spirits\", Clark was involved in a number of reform initiatives throughout her century of life that championed the rights of women and promoted the arts.","The second oldest daughter of Robert Clark (1832?-1906) and Estelle Goodman Clark (1847-1937), Adèle was born in Montgomery, Alabama on September 27, 1882. Before moving permanently to Richmond, the Clark family lived in New Orleans, LA, as well as the small town of Pass Christian, MS. It was in a one room school house in the latter town that Adèle developed a fondness for the arts. After her family moved to Richmond in 1894, Adèle enrolled in the Virginia Randolph Ellett School (now St. Catherine's). Adèle also studied art with Lilly M. Logan, who ran the art school at the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906 she was awarded a scholarship to the New York School of Fine and Applied Arts (the Chase School of Art), where she studied under Kenneth Hays Miller, Douglas Cannal, William M. Chase, and Robert Henri, leader of the \"Ash Can\" school of painting. Upon her return to Richmond, Clark began a teaching career at the Art Club of Richmond. It was here that Adèle began her long association and friendship with acclaimed Virginia artist, Nora Houston. When the Art Club of Richmond was dissolved in 1917, the women went on to establish The Atelier. Under their direction this private art studio, located adjacent to Clark's Chamberlayne Avenue residence, became a training ground for such noted Virginia artists as Edmund Archer, Eleanor Fry and Theresa Pollack (founder of the VCU School of the Arts). Two years later they founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, where they both held the title of artistic director. During this period, they participated in a fundraising campaign for the resurrection of the old Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. Their goal became a reality in 1930 when the new Richmond Academy of Arts, forerunner to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, was established on Capitol Street.*","Clark's interest in the suffrage movement began in 1909 when she was asked by novelist Ellen Glasgow to sign a petition calling for Virginia women to gain voting privileges. On November 27th of that year Clark, along with eighteen other civic-minded women, held a preliminary meeting to discuss the establishment of a state-wide suffrage organization. At this first meeting of what would become the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, Clark was elected secretary, a position she held for one year. She later helped direct legislative initiatives, organized suffrage rallies and went on speaking tours that helped establish new League chapters throughout the state. Clark also served for several years as chair of the ratification committee and head of the Equal Suffrage League lobby to the Virginia General Assembly.","After passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 (which was ratified by Virginia in 1952), the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia was transformed into the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV). For nearly two decades Clark played a major role in the VLWV.","Selected as the VLWV's first chair in 1920, Clark became president one year later. She held this position for eighteen years (nonconsecutively). Her work in the VLWV involved constant study of legislation involving social issues and governmental efficiency and administration. In 1924, Clark was elected to the board of the National League of Women Voters (NLWV) as Director of the Third Region. The region included Washington, D.C., Virginia, and six other southern states. The following year she was elected Second Vice President of the NLWV, in which capacity she served until the Spring of 1928. During that period Clark traveled to conventions in twenty-four states on speaking tours. Along with other officers of the NLWV she helped resolve league organizational problems.","In addition to her work for the VLWV and NLWV, Clark also served on two important state government commissions. In 1922, Governor E. Lee Trinkle appointed her to the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government, on which she served for two years as secretary of the Commission. In addition to performing the editorial and clerical work of the Commission, Clark also authored several of the chapters of the Commission's final report (January 1924) to the Virginia General Assembly. Four years later, Governor Harry F. Byrd, Jr. appointed Clark to the Liberal Arts College for Women Commission, on which she also served as secretary. The nine member Commission studied the feasibility of establishing a new liberal arts college for women in Virginia. The second report of the Commission (January 1930), which contained the \"set-up\" of the proposed college [now Mary Washington College?], was the product of research conducted by Clark with the assistance of Commission advisors.","Clark's strong commitment to higher education was exemplified in several other ways. From March - September, 1926, she served as the Social Director of women students at the College of William and Mary. She was also instrumental in the establishment of citizenship courses for women through the University of Virginia's Extension Division. The courses were designed to educate women about the intricacies of governmental institutions.","During the New Deal era, Clark distinguished herself in two important agencies. In 1933, she was selected as a field supervisor for the National Reemployment Service (NRS). Along with the state reemployment director and other field staff, she assisted in the organization of local reemployment offices throughout Virginia. After stepping down as field supervisor for the NRS, Clark became the Virginia Arts Project Director of the Work Projects Administration (WPA). This particular branch of the WPA was created to provide employment opportunities for artists in Virginia. In addition to producing murals for public buildings, artists employed by the WPA executed hundreds of paintings that were then distributed to local and state tax-supported institutions for display. One major accomplishment during Clark's tenure at the WPA was the establishment of new art galleries, such as the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap.","In the later years of her life, Adèle Clark remained active in the Richmond community. After converting to Roman Catholicism in 1942, Clark utilized her political experience as a member of the Richmond Diocesan Council of Catholic Women (RDCCW). From 1949 to 1959 she served as the chair of the RDCCW's Legislative Committee. Clark also continued to speak out against a number of issues affecting women, such as the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment and abortion.","Clark remained an active supporter of the Richmond art community. From 1941 to 1964 she was a member of the Virginia Arts Commission. The Commission helped to produce many of the murals and portraits displayed in state government buildings that depict the history of Virginia. Moreover, Clark's dedication to the teaching of art did not wane in these later years. She taught art to both the young and old in hospitals, schools and church classrooms. She also continued to enjoy creating her own artworks. Clark's paintings, mostly portraits and landscapes, have been exhibited in several states. One of her paintings, \"The Cherry Tree\", is in the permanent collection of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.","Clark had a unique perspective on the influence of art on her political ideology. She once stated, \"I've always tried to combine my interest in art with my interest in government. I think we ought to have more of the creative and imaginative in politics.\"","Adèle Clark died at the age of 100 on June 5, 1983.","[Information from newspaper accounts and the Adèle Goodman Clark Papers.]","Teacher of Organization and Parliamentary Law at Suffrage School","Chairman, Committee on Uniform Laws Concerning Women, Chicago, ILL","Chairman of the Committee on International Cooperation to Prevent War, of the NLWV, Miss Morgan was also President of the Colony Club of New York"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdele Goodman Clark papers, Collection # M 9, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers, Collection # M 9, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Adèle Goodman Clark papers document the life and activities of Miss Clark (1882-1983) throughout her adult life, as well as those of her closest friends and relatives. Miss Clark was a member of a small group of civically active Richmond women whose names appear throughout the collection. Of particular note are members of Clark's family, Edith Clark Cowles, Willoughby Ions, and friends Roberta Wellford, Lila Meade Valentine, Lucy Randolph Mason, Ida Mae Thompson, Eudora W. Ramsay Richardson, Nora Houston and Josephine Houston. A list and chart describing the family relationships follows the Series Description and Arrangement, which specifically details the arrangement of the collection and highlights areas of particular significance within each series.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection is comprised of five major components, each with its own depth of coverage, usually dependent upon the length of Clark's involvement. The first major component of the collection contains materials pertaining to the Clark and Houston families with their multiple activities, responsibilities and affiliations. The documents in this section include the personal correspondence of Adèle Clark, Nora Houston, and members of both the Clark and Houston families. Correspondence from Estelle Goodman Clark, Cely \"Nainaine\" Ions, and Estelle Adèle Goodman\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilloughby Ions provide a richly detailed account of the more significant events within the Clark-Ions family. Also included is personal, business, and legal correspondence between members of the Goodman family, predating the Civil War, and personal correspondence to Clark and Nora Houston from close friends and associates such as Cornelia Adair, T. Bowyer Campbell, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon and Roberta Wellford. Additional family information is provided by legal and real estate correspondence, biographical sketches, family and genealogical histories, composition books, diaries, journals, and poetry by various members of the Clark and Houston families. Some items of significance include handwritten memoranda and notes, poems, short stories and other fictional material written by Adèle Clark during her lifetime. The Virginia Historical Society holds additional Clark family materials (see Appendices).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also includes correspondence from businesses and civic organizations with which Clark, Edith Clark Cowles, and the Dooley/Houston family were affiliated during their lifetimes. A list of the more significant organizations includes the Virginia Society for Crippled Children and Handicapped Adults, Commission of Inter-Racial (or Interracial) Cooperation, Woodrow Wilson Foundation, National Consumers League, and Social Science Research Council-Committee on Public Administration. There is also correspondence from prominent local and state government officials that further document the political activities and biases of these women. Brochures, memoranda and publications from these organizations are scattered throughout the collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhile the family correspondence provides information about Clark's early years, the greatest significance of the collection lies in its documentation of the activities of the suffrage movement, both locally and nationally. The collection is particularly strong in its representation of correspondence, reports, memoranda and publications reflecting the sentiments and political positions of both the pro- and anti- suffrage movement from 1913 until the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. A large portion of this segment also documents the actions of the post-suffragists in their work through the national, state and local chapters of the League of Women Voters (LWV). Clark's considerable role of participation in the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) in the first two decades of the organization provides an abundant amount of material chronicling the many social and political issues in which local and national LWV members were engaged. Although the documentation of the activities of the LWV continues well into the 1970s, the collection is not as strong for the later years as it is for the earlier period.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe suffrage materials, the second and largest component in the collection, are composed of documentation of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV), Richmond League of Women Voters, the VLWV, and the reorganized League of Women Voters of Virginia (LWVV). The ESLV materials includes correspondence, committee and financial memoranda, convention material, notes, reports and miscellaneous literature. There is a large quantity of outgoing correspondence created by the corresponding secretaries of the ESLV which pertains to the efforts of organizing local suffrage chapters throughout the state and between officers of the ESLV, state and national government officials. Also included is correspondence between ESLV President, Lila Meade Valentine, and women of significance within the suffrage movement including Carrie Chapman Catt, Anna Howard Shaw, Maud Wood Park and Kate Gordon. While there is a substantial amount of correspondence generated by the central office of the ESLV, between 1909-1912 there are some major gaps. A portion of this documentation for the early history of the ESLV can be found at the Library of Virginia (see Appendices). Throughout its eleven year existence, the ESLV compiled an enormous amount of literature on the suffrage movement published by the National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA), and other organizations. Materials generated by the movement and represented in this portion of the collection include petitions, photographs, enrollment cards, posters, suffrage maps, sashes and other ephemeral items. Additional publications have not been indexed but are available for research.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the materials of the remaining suffrage organizations represented in the collection fall within a fourteen year time frame, 1920-1934, and includes President/Executive Secretary correspondence, bulletins, circulars, committee memoranda, and financial statements as well as records relating to the Virginia Cookery Book, the Governor's Ball and the citizenship courses sponsored by the VLWV. Clark also corresponded with the President of the NLWV and other officers in the national organization. The significant correspondents include Maud Wood Park, Belle Sherwin, Katherine Ludington, and Gertrude Ely. Incoming correspondence from prominent Virginia women such as Faith Morgan, Roberta Wellford, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon, Kate Waller Barrett, Mrs. John L. Lewis of Lynchburg, Mrs. John H. Lewis of Ashland, and Mrs C.E. [Jessie] Townsend of Norfolk can be found in both the President/Executive Correspondence files and the Board of Directors/Executive Committee/Standing Committees file of the VLWV.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe records of the VLWV document in great detail the legislative agenda over a fourteen year period. The VLWV materials contain correspondence, circulars, memoranda questionnaires and reports pertaining to the Children's Code Commission, Virginia Women's Council Legislative Chairman of State Organizations and other major committees of the VLWV; revealing which major pieces of legislation were of utmost concern to Clark and the VLWV. Like its predecessor, the VLWV collected a wide variety of literature from state, national and international organizations which championed a spectrum of causes of interest to Clark and her associates. These organizations include the League of Nations Association, National Council for the Prevention of War, National Women's Trade Union League of America, and Southern Council of Women and Children in Industry.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDocumentation of the NLWV (1920-1945) and the later reorganized League of Woman Voters of Virginia (1946-presents) includes correspondence and memoranda produced by Clark as Second Vice President in charge of Legislation and Law Enforcement and Third Regional Director for the NLWV. In addition to correspondence, memoranda, minutes, notes and reports there are materials detailing her involvement in nationally sponsored speaking tours throughout several regions of the United States. Items from the national office consist of mimeographed Adèle Goodman Clark correspondence and memoranda, reports, press releases and various publications created by the major standing committees and departments of the NLWV. Clark's activity in both the state and national leagues diminished to a great extent after 1934. Records of the latter local, state and national organizations primarily consists of bulletins, newsletters, and other literature published and distributed by the organizations.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClark was very involved in the commemoration of the contributions of Lila Meade Valentine to the suffrage movement. The collection contains the organizational records of the Lila Meade Valentine Memorial Association (1921-1937), which was established to raise money for a memorial tablet dedicated to Mrs. Valentine to be placed in the Capitol Building in Richmond. Much of the material consists of correspondence and memoranda between the association's chairperson, Adèle Clark and the individuals who contributed to the memorial fund. There is also correspondence between Clark and the sculptor chosen to produce the memorial tablet. Other material includes financial data, contributors lists, minutes, notes and reports documenting the association's fundraising activities.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection of materials related to state and national politics comprises the third major section of the Clark Papers. These materials include correspondence, memoranda, minutes, reports, statistical data, and literature generated by or related to the work of the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government (1921-1927) and the Liberal Arts College Commission (1918, 1929-1933). Material pertaining to both of these government commissions highlight the research and information gathering work undertaken by Clark and the members of these commissions before presentation of the final reports to the Virginia General Assembly. The collection also contains the annotated drafts and proofs of the reports in various stages of development. Correspondence, notes, reports and travel vouchers highlight Clark's duties as a NRS Field Supervisor and her involvement with the National Reemployment Service (1925-1937). Correspondence between Clark and the State Reemployment Director reveal the types of reemployment projects in which the NRS was actively engaged throughout the state. In addition, correspondence between Clark and other field staff demonstrate the extent to which Clark participated in managing local reemployment offices during her tenure with the NRS. Published reports, speeches, manuals, newspaper clippings and other ephemeral materials are also included.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe fourth area of interest of Adèle's, as reflected in the collection, was religion. Included here are the organizational records and personal items documenting the religious activities of Clark, Nora Houston, and several members of the Houston family. It should be noted that Clark was baptized and confirmed in the Episcopal Church and later became a devout Roman Catholic after Nora Houston's death in 1942. Included is correspondence between both women and various religious organizations, church leaflets, pamphlets and prayerbooks, periodicals and other items of a religious nature. Some of the organizations with which Clark and Houston corresponded include the Catholic Woman's Club, National Council of Catholic Women, National Conference on Christians and Jews, and Catholic Daughters of America. Beth Ahabah Museum and Archives holds other materials of a religious nature relating to the Goodman family.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe final component of the collection, second in size only to that of the suffrage and voting rights material, is that of art, particularly art in Virginia. An artist by training, Adèle Clark worked ceaselessly for increased public awareness of the traditions and richness of art within the Commonwealth. To this end, the collection documents the contributions of Clark and her colleagues in the following endeavors: the Art Club of Richmond, Atelier, Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, Richmond Academy of Arts, Virginia Arts Commission, and Works Project Administration-Federal Arts Project. In addition to containing the correspondence relating to the operations of these organizations, the records also contain memoranda, minutes and reports of committees, and materials on exhibitions sponsored by these organizations. Of particular significance are the records of the Academy Committee of the Art Club that document the committee's role in attempting to resurrect the arts academy. Materials relating to the WPA and the Virginia Arts Commission emphasize Clark's substantial role in making the public a more active player in the promotion of the arts. Clark's monthly and narrative reports on several WPA art galleries, as well as data on the Index of American Design, provide a detailed account of the variety of art projects the WPA underwrote in Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also contains a range of art and art school publications, art supply advertisements, catalogs, exhibition bulletins and notices from local and national art institutions. A small number of drawings, sketches and miscellaneous artwork created by Adèle Clark, Nora Houston and other artists are also represented. Some of the more notable pieces include Clark's original lithograph \"Richmond Market at Christmas\", copies of Nora Houston's house sketches and artwork produced by children of various ages. Lastly there are numerous kinds of illustrations and reproductions that Clark and Houston utilized in their art classes.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSignificant portions of the collection are in fragile condition, particularly newspaper clippings and photographs. Reference copies of the photographs are available for use. A large portion of the clippings have been photocopied and the process will continue as time and staff permit.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections has also purchased suffrage and related materials. Please ask a staffmember for information about these supporting items.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle Clark's cousins.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Mother of Adèle Clark. Nicknames include \"Dree,\" \"Muzzie,\" and \"Pouncey.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Father of Adèle Clarke.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Father of Julius D. Cowles who was married to Adèle Clark's sister Edith.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Older sister to Adèle Clarke, married to Julius \"Jules\" D. Cowles, her nicknames include \"Baby,\" \"Deetie,\" and \"Binn.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle Clarke's neice, daughter of Edith and Julius Cowles, married to James Cox.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Younger sister of Adèle Clarke, married to G. Frank Dew, her nicknames include \"Trudie,\" Trudee,\" and \"Teedee.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Maternal uncle to Adèle Clark.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Maternal aunt of Adèle Clark.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Cousin related to the Clarke family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Maternal aunt of Adèle Clarke and her godmother, married to Robert Ions. Also nicknamed \"Nainaine.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle's cousin, daughter of Cely and Robert Ions. She went by the name Willoughby.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Sister of Robert Ions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle Clarke's uncle, married to Cecile \"Cely\" Goodman Ions. Nicknames include \"Godpa\" and \"Berto.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle Clark's cousin.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle Clark's cousin.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Sister of Alice Dooley and Mary Dooley Jones.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: friend of Adèle, became a priest in the Episcopal Church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Estelle Goodman Clark's brother.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle's cousin, son of Cely and Robert Ions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Sister of Josephine Dooley Houston and Mary Dooley Jones.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Cousin of Alice Dooley.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Daughter of Josephine and Henry Houston.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Sister of Alice Dooley and Josephine Dooley Houston.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[merged with the restored Academy in the spring of 1930]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[grew out of the Atelier and later merged with the Academy]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes children's art work, art club material, instructional material; Japanese print.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo labeled \"Class Room Building--State Teacher's College, Farmville, Virginia--Frank F. Stone Architect, Roanoke, Virginia, July 10, 1944\"; a third blue print labeled \"Improvements to Employees Cottage as suggested by Art Commission, May 5, 1944\"; fourth labeled \"Temporary Employee Cottage, Division of the Budget, March 29, 1944\";drawing for inscription of building \"Julian H. Burruss Hall\" labeled \"Teaching and Admin. Building, Va. Polytechnic Inst., Blacksburg, VA - Carneal, Johnston \u0026amp; Wright Architects \u0026amp; Engineers, Richmond, Virginia.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVarious institutions to Benjamin Franklin Dew Jr., 1930s-1940s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEntitled \"Proposed Store For Mr. S.W. Farran - Designed by W.R. Snapp, 1107 Penn St. N.E.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCapitol Area of Richmond, undated; Map of Richmond and Environs, Department of Public Works, 1923; Drawn map of Richmond's North Side.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDepicts status of women's suffrage (framed and fragile).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSuffrage era map - \"The Woman Voter and the next President of the United States\" - showing which states women can vote and which ones women cannot vote.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAll with heading of the Virginia League of Woman Voters and labeled as follows: Congressional Districts Organized; Counties having some form of organization; Counties and cities holding citizenship schools; Virginia League of Women voters organized November 10, 1920; Number of Leagues organized; and one unlabeled.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLarge flyer on which states have compulsory school attendance, 1921; map of Virginia by Virginia Department of Agriculture and Immigration; a chart compiled by Lucia R. Maxwell on International Socialism 1922-1923, showing various woman's organizations; poster of Anchor Line Twin Screw Geared Turbine Steamer named the \"California\"; Centennial Memorial of United States--Declaration of Independence, published by Baltimore and Ohio Railroad; Victory Liberty Loan poster; anti-war poster; poster of mechanized man and horse; Virginia Society for Human Life poster; League of Women Voters poster \"Vote\" (2 posters); sheet music: \"Votes for Women\" - Suffrage Rallying Song.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(includes items on women's suffrage; voting habits; a \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRichmond News-Leader, \u003c/title\u003eSuffrage Supplement, and an article on paintings at Richmond Woman's Club; an article by Adèle Clark; several pages of the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRichmond Times-Dispatch, \u003c/title\u003e November 2, 1933 about the Community Fund; Atlanta Journal, June 12, 1919 article on U.S. Senate passing suffrage amendment; front page of \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRichmond Times-Dispatch, \u003c/title\u003e January 1, 1929, article on what Virginia leaders would like to see in 1929, includes article by Adèle Clark.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMajority of the photographs are from the Equal Suffrage League or Virginia League of Women Voters' events. All of these photographs have been reproduced and can be found elsewhere in Series XVII.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo different posters on the prevention of war; a Department of the Interior, Bureau of Education poster entitled \"How and Why to Stand Correctly\" 1918; a draft version of a poster by the Equal Suffrage League with typewritten history of suffrage in Virginia and the printed finished copy.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Adèle Goodman Clark papers document the life and activities of Miss Clark (1882-1983) throughout her adult life, as well as those of her closest friends and relatives. Miss Clark was a member of a small group of civically active Richmond women whose names appear throughout the collection. Of particular note are members of Clark's family, Edith Clark Cowles, Willoughby Ions, and friends Roberta Wellford, Lila Meade Valentine, Lucy Randolph Mason, Ida Mae Thompson, Eudora W. Ramsay Richardson, Nora Houston and Josephine Houston. A list and chart describing the family relationships follows the Series Description and Arrangement, which specifically details the arrangement of the collection and highlights areas of particular significance within each series.","The collection is comprised of five major components, each with its own depth of coverage, usually dependent upon the length of Clark's involvement. The first major component of the collection contains materials pertaining to the Clark and Houston families with their multiple activities, responsibilities and affiliations. The documents in this section include the personal correspondence of Adèle Clark, Nora Houston, and members of both the Clark and Houston families. Correspondence from Estelle Goodman Clark, Cely \"Nainaine\" Ions, and Estelle Adèle Goodman","Willoughby Ions provide a richly detailed account of the more significant events within the Clark-Ions family. Also included is personal, business, and legal correspondence between members of the Goodman family, predating the Civil War, and personal correspondence to Clark and Nora Houston from close friends and associates such as Cornelia Adair, T. Bowyer Campbell, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon and Roberta Wellford. Additional family information is provided by legal and real estate correspondence, biographical sketches, family and genealogical histories, composition books, diaries, journals, and poetry by various members of the Clark and Houston families. Some items of significance include handwritten memoranda and notes, poems, short stories and other fictional material written by Adèle Clark during her lifetime. The Virginia Historical Society holds additional Clark family materials (see Appendices).","The collection also includes correspondence from businesses and civic organizations with which Clark, Edith Clark Cowles, and the Dooley/Houston family were affiliated during their lifetimes. A list of the more significant organizations includes the Virginia Society for Crippled Children and Handicapped Adults, Commission of Inter-Racial (or Interracial) Cooperation, Woodrow Wilson Foundation, National Consumers League, and Social Science Research Council-Committee on Public Administration. There is also correspondence from prominent local and state government officials that further document the political activities and biases of these women. Brochures, memoranda and publications from these organizations are scattered throughout the collection.","While the family correspondence provides information about Clark's early years, the greatest significance of the collection lies in its documentation of the activities of the suffrage movement, both locally and nationally. The collection is particularly strong in its representation of correspondence, reports, memoranda and publications reflecting the sentiments and political positions of both the pro- and anti- suffrage movement from 1913 until the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. A large portion of this segment also documents the actions of the post-suffragists in their work through the national, state and local chapters of the League of Women Voters (LWV). Clark's considerable role of participation in the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) in the first two decades of the organization provides an abundant amount of material chronicling the many social and political issues in which local and national LWV members were engaged. Although the documentation of the activities of the LWV continues well into the 1970s, the collection is not as strong for the later years as it is for the earlier period.","The suffrage materials, the second and largest component in the collection, are composed of documentation of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV), Richmond League of Women Voters, the VLWV, and the reorganized League of Women Voters of Virginia (LWVV). The ESLV materials includes correspondence, committee and financial memoranda, convention material, notes, reports and miscellaneous literature. There is a large quantity of outgoing correspondence created by the corresponding secretaries of the ESLV which pertains to the efforts of organizing local suffrage chapters throughout the state and between officers of the ESLV, state and national government officials. Also included is correspondence between ESLV President, Lila Meade Valentine, and women of significance within the suffrage movement including Carrie Chapman Catt, Anna Howard Shaw, Maud Wood Park and Kate Gordon. While there is a substantial amount of correspondence generated by the central office of the ESLV, between 1909-1912 there are some major gaps. A portion of this documentation for the early history of the ESLV can be found at the Library of Virginia (see Appendices). Throughout its eleven year existence, the ESLV compiled an enormous amount of literature on the suffrage movement published by the National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA), and other organizations. Materials generated by the movement and represented in this portion of the collection include petitions, photographs, enrollment cards, posters, suffrage maps, sashes and other ephemeral items. Additional publications have not been indexed but are available for research.","The bulk of the materials of the remaining suffrage organizations represented in the collection fall within a fourteen year time frame, 1920-1934, and includes President/Executive Secretary correspondence, bulletins, circulars, committee memoranda, and financial statements as well as records relating to the Virginia Cookery Book, the Governor's Ball and the citizenship courses sponsored by the VLWV. Clark also corresponded with the President of the NLWV and other officers in the national organization. The significant correspondents include Maud Wood Park, Belle Sherwin, Katherine Ludington, and Gertrude Ely. Incoming correspondence from prominent Virginia women such as Faith Morgan, Roberta Wellford, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon, Kate Waller Barrett, Mrs. John L. Lewis of Lynchburg, Mrs. John H. Lewis of Ashland, and Mrs C.E. [Jessie] Townsend of Norfolk can be found in both the President/Executive Correspondence files and the Board of Directors/Executive Committee/Standing Committees file of the VLWV.","The records of the VLWV document in great detail the legislative agenda over a fourteen year period. The VLWV materials contain correspondence, circulars, memoranda questionnaires and reports pertaining to the Children's Code Commission, Virginia Women's Council Legislative Chairman of State Organizations and other major committees of the VLWV; revealing which major pieces of legislation were of utmost concern to Clark and the VLWV. Like its predecessor, the VLWV collected a wide variety of literature from state, national and international organizations which championed a spectrum of causes of interest to Clark and her associates. These organizations include the League of Nations Association, National Council for the Prevention of War, National Women's Trade Union League of America, and Southern Council of Women and Children in Industry.","Documentation of the NLWV (1920-1945) and the later reorganized League of Woman Voters of Virginia (1946-presents) includes correspondence and memoranda produced by Clark as Second Vice President in charge of Legislation and Law Enforcement and Third Regional Director for the NLWV. In addition to correspondence, memoranda, minutes, notes and reports there are materials detailing her involvement in nationally sponsored speaking tours throughout several regions of the United States. Items from the national office consist of mimeographed Adèle Goodman Clark correspondence and memoranda, reports, press releases and various publications created by the major standing committees and departments of the NLWV. Clark's activity in both the state and national leagues diminished to a great extent after 1934. Records of the latter local, state and national organizations primarily consists of bulletins, newsletters, and other literature published and distributed by the organizations.","Clark was very involved in the commemoration of the contributions of Lila Meade Valentine to the suffrage movement. The collection contains the organizational records of the Lila Meade Valentine Memorial Association (1921-1937), which was established to raise money for a memorial tablet dedicated to Mrs. Valentine to be placed in the Capitol Building in Richmond. Much of the material consists of correspondence and memoranda between the association's chairperson, Adèle Clark and the individuals who contributed to the memorial fund. There is also correspondence between Clark and the sculptor chosen to produce the memorial tablet. Other material includes financial data, contributors lists, minutes, notes and reports documenting the association's fundraising activities.","The collection of materials related to state and national politics comprises the third major section of the Clark Papers. These materials include correspondence, memoranda, minutes, reports, statistical data, and literature generated by or related to the work of the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government (1921-1927) and the Liberal Arts College Commission (1918, 1929-1933). Material pertaining to both of these government commissions highlight the research and information gathering work undertaken by Clark and the members of these commissions before presentation of the final reports to the Virginia General Assembly. The collection also contains the annotated drafts and proofs of the reports in various stages of development. Correspondence, notes, reports and travel vouchers highlight Clark's duties as a NRS Field Supervisor and her involvement with the National Reemployment Service (1925-1937). Correspondence between Clark and the State Reemployment Director reveal the types of reemployment projects in which the NRS was actively engaged throughout the state. In addition, correspondence between Clark and other field staff demonstrate the extent to which Clark participated in managing local reemployment offices during her tenure with the NRS. Published reports, speeches, manuals, newspaper clippings and other ephemeral materials are also included.","The fourth area of interest of Adèle's, as reflected in the collection, was religion. Included here are the organizational records and personal items documenting the religious activities of Clark, Nora Houston, and several members of the Houston family. It should be noted that Clark was baptized and confirmed in the Episcopal Church and later became a devout Roman Catholic after Nora Houston's death in 1942. Included is correspondence between both women and various religious organizations, church leaflets, pamphlets and prayerbooks, periodicals and other items of a religious nature. Some of the organizations with which Clark and Houston corresponded include the Catholic Woman's Club, National Council of Catholic Women, National Conference on Christians and Jews, and Catholic Daughters of America. Beth Ahabah Museum and Archives holds other materials of a religious nature relating to the Goodman family.","The final component of the collection, second in size only to that of the suffrage and voting rights material, is that of art, particularly art in Virginia. An artist by training, Adèle Clark worked ceaselessly for increased public awareness of the traditions and richness of art within the Commonwealth. To this end, the collection documents the contributions of Clark and her colleagues in the following endeavors: the Art Club of Richmond, Atelier, Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, Richmond Academy of Arts, Virginia Arts Commission, and Works Project Administration-Federal Arts Project. In addition to containing the correspondence relating to the operations of these organizations, the records also contain memoranda, minutes and reports of committees, and materials on exhibitions sponsored by these organizations. Of particular significance are the records of the Academy Committee of the Art Club that document the committee's role in attempting to resurrect the arts academy. Materials relating to the WPA and the Virginia Arts Commission emphasize Clark's substantial role in making the public a more active player in the promotion of the arts. Clark's monthly and narrative reports on several WPA art galleries, as well as data on the Index of American Design, provide a detailed account of the variety of art projects the WPA underwrote in Virginia.","The collection also contains a range of art and art school publications, art supply advertisements, catalogs, exhibition bulletins and notices from local and national art institutions. A small number of drawings, sketches and miscellaneous artwork created by Adèle Clark, Nora Houston and other artists are also represented. Some of the more notable pieces include Clark's original lithograph \"Richmond Market at Christmas\", copies of Nora Houston's house sketches and artwork produced by children of various ages. Lastly there are numerous kinds of illustrations and reproductions that Clark and Houston utilized in their art classes.","Significant portions of the collection are in fragile condition, particularly newspaper clippings and photographs. Reference copies of the photographs are available for use. A large portion of the clippings have been photocopied and the process will continue as time and staff permit.","Special Collections has also purchased suffrage and related materials. Please ask a staffmember for information about these supporting items.","Relationship: Adèle Clark's cousins.","Relationship: Mother of Adèle Clark. Nicknames include \"Dree,\" \"Muzzie,\" and \"Pouncey.\"","Relationship: Father of Adèle Clarke.","Relationship: Father of Julius D. Cowles who was married to Adèle Clark's sister Edith.","Relationship: Older sister to Adèle Clarke, married to Julius \"Jules\" D. Cowles, her nicknames include \"Baby,\" \"Deetie,\" and \"Binn.\"","Relationship: Adèle Clarke's neice, daughter of Edith and Julius Cowles, married to James Cox.","Relationship: Younger sister of Adèle Clarke, married to G. Frank Dew, her nicknames include \"Trudie,\" Trudee,\" and \"Teedee.\"","Relationship: Maternal uncle to Adèle Clark.","Relationship: Maternal aunt of Adèle Clark.","Relationship: Cousin related to the Clarke family.","Relationship: Maternal aunt of Adèle Clarke and her godmother, married to Robert Ions. Also nicknamed \"Nainaine.\"","Relationship: Adèle's cousin, daughter of Cely and Robert Ions. She went by the name Willoughby.","Relationship: Sister of Robert Ions.","Relationship: Adèle Clarke's uncle, married to Cecile \"Cely\" Goodman Ions. Nicknames include \"Godpa\" and \"Berto.\"","Relationship: Adèle Clark's cousin.","Relationship: Adèle Clark's cousin.","Relationship: Sister of Alice Dooley and Mary Dooley Jones.","Relationship: friend of Adèle, became a priest in the Episcopal Church.","Relationship: Estelle Goodman Clark's brother.","Relationship: Adèle's cousin, son of Cely and Robert Ions.","Relationship: Sister of Josephine Dooley Houston and Mary Dooley Jones.","Relationship: Cousin of Alice Dooley.","Relationship: Daughter of Josephine and Henry Houston.","Relationship: Sister of Alice Dooley and Josephine Dooley Houston.","[merged with the restored Academy in the spring of 1930]","[grew out of the Atelier and later merged with the Academy]","Includes children's art work, art club material, instructional material; Japanese print.","Two labeled \"Class Room Building--State Teacher's College, Farmville, Virginia--Frank F. Stone Architect, Roanoke, Virginia, July 10, 1944\"; a third blue print labeled \"Improvements to Employees Cottage as suggested by Art Commission, May 5, 1944\"; fourth labeled \"Temporary Employee Cottage, Division of the Budget, March 29, 1944\";drawing for inscription of building \"Julian H. Burruss Hall\" labeled \"Teaching and Admin. Building, Va. Polytechnic Inst., Blacksburg, VA - Carneal, Johnston \u0026 Wright Architects \u0026 Engineers, Richmond, Virginia.\"","Various institutions to Benjamin Franklin Dew Jr., 1930s-1940s.","Entitled \"Proposed Store For Mr. S.W. Farran - Designed by W.R. Snapp, 1107 Penn St. N.E.\"","Capitol Area of Richmond, undated; Map of Richmond and Environs, Department of Public Works, 1923; Drawn map of Richmond's North Side.","Depicts status of women's suffrage (framed and fragile).","Suffrage era map - \"The Woman Voter and the next President of the United States\" - showing which states women can vote and which ones women cannot vote.","All with heading of the Virginia League of Woman Voters and labeled as follows: Congressional Districts Organized; Counties having some form of organization; Counties and cities holding citizenship schools; Virginia League of Women voters organized November 10, 1920; Number of Leagues organized; and one unlabeled.","Large flyer on which states have compulsory school attendance, 1921; map of Virginia by Virginia Department of Agriculture and Immigration; a chart compiled by Lucia R. Maxwell on International Socialism 1922-1923, showing various woman's organizations; poster of Anchor Line Twin Screw Geared Turbine Steamer named the \"California\"; Centennial Memorial of United States--Declaration of Independence, published by Baltimore and Ohio Railroad; Victory Liberty Loan poster; anti-war poster; poster of mechanized man and horse; Virginia Society for Human Life poster; League of Women Voters poster \"Vote\" (2 posters); sheet music: \"Votes for Women\" - Suffrage Rallying Song.","(includes items on women's suffrage; voting habits; a  Richmond News-Leader,  Suffrage Supplement, and an article on paintings at Richmond Woman's Club; an article by Adèle Clark; several pages of the  Richmond Times-Dispatch,   November 2, 1933 about the Community Fund; Atlanta Journal, June 12, 1919 article on U.S. Senate passing suffrage amendment; front page of  Richmond Times-Dispatch,   January 1, 1929, article on what Virginia leaders would like to see in 1929, includes article by Adèle Clark.","Majority of the photographs are from the Equal Suffrage League or Virginia League of Women Voters' events. All of these photographs have been reproduced and can be found elsewhere in Series XVII.","Two different posters on the prevention of war; a Department of the Interior, Bureau of Education poster entitled \"How and Why to Stand Correctly\" 1918; a draft version of a poster by the Equal Suffrage League with typewritten history of suffrage in Virginia and the printed finished copy."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_coll_ssim":["League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":3079,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T04:37:44.566Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c14_c10"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_557","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Thompson Collection of Lincolniana","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_557#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eChiefly articles, pamphlets, newspaper clippings, photographs, and memorabilia, together with scattered correspondence, bills and receipts pertaining to Abraham Lincoln.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_557#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_557","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_557","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_557","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_557","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_557.xml","title_ssm":["Thompson Collection of Lincolniana"],"title_tesim":["Thompson Collection of Lincolniana"],"unitdate_ssm":["1803-1965"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1803-1965"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 4","/repositories/5/resources/557"],"text":["M 4","/repositories/5/resources/557","Thompson Collection of Lincolniana","Collection is open for use without restrictions.","The materials are arranged as donated.","Series I--Nineteenth Century Memorabilia (undated, 1856,1858-1860, 1863, 1869, 1871, 1892, 1924) ","Series II--Photographs (undated, 1860, 1956, 1964) ","Series III--Correspondence (1896, 1927) ","Series IV-- Lincoln's Tomb and Statue Ceremonies (1930-1931, 1941) ","Series V--Twentieth Century Pamphlets about Lincoln and Illinois (undated, 1920, 1952-1962) ","Series Series VI-- Additional materials (undated, 1808, 1832, 1865, 1956-1957, 1963)","Collection processed in March 1987.","Chiefly articles, pamphlets, newspaper clippings, photographs, and memorabilia, together with scattered correspondence, bills and receipts pertaining to Abraham Lincoln.","first known issue in existence","discusses authenticity of Missouri Gazette v. 1","War map of Louisville and Nashville Railroad Connections Showing locations of all Battles in the State of Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama, Georgia with consecutively numbered index","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","English \n.    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Supplemented by an additional gift in June 1976."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["1 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for use without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for use without restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials are arranged as donated.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries I--Nineteenth Century Memorabilia (undated, 1856,1858-1860, 1863, 1869, 1871, 1892, 1924) \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries II--Photographs (undated, 1860, 1956, 1964) \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries III--Correspondence (1896, 1927) \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV-- Lincoln's Tomb and Statue Ceremonies (1930-1931, 1941) \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries V--Twentieth Century Pamphlets about Lincoln and Illinois (undated, 1920, 1952-1962) \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries Series VI-- Additional materials (undated, 1808, 1832, 1865, 1956-1957, 1963)\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement","Organization"],"arrangement_tesim":["The materials are arranged as donated.","Series I--Nineteenth Century Memorabilia (undated, 1856,1858-1860, 1863, 1869, 1871, 1892, 1924) ","Series II--Photographs (undated, 1860, 1956, 1964) ","Series III--Correspondence (1896, 1927) ","Series IV-- Lincoln's Tomb and Statue Ceremonies (1930-1931, 1941) ","Series V--Twentieth Century Pamphlets about Lincoln and Illinois (undated, 1920, 1952-1962) ","Series Series VI-- Additional materials (undated, 1808, 1832, 1865, 1956-1957, 1963)"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBox/folder, Thompson Collection of Lincolniana, M 4, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Box/folder, Thompson Collection of Lincolniana, M 4, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection processed in March 1987.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Collection processed in March 1987."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChiefly articles, pamphlets, newspaper clippings, photographs, and memorabilia, together with scattered correspondence, bills and receipts pertaining to Abraham Lincoln.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003efirst known issue in existence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ediscusses authenticity of Missouri Gazette v. 1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWar map of Louisville and Nashville Railroad Connections Showing locations of all Battles in the State of Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama, Georgia with consecutively numbered index\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Chiefly articles, pamphlets, newspaper clippings, photographs, and memorabilia, together with scattered correspondence, bills and receipts pertaining to Abraham Lincoln.","first known issue in existence","discusses authenticity of Missouri Gazette v. 1","War map of Louisville and Nashville Railroad Connections Showing locations of all Battles in the State of Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama, Georgia with consecutively numbered index"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    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